[HN Gopher] The "small web" is bigger than you might think
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       The "small web" is bigger than you might think
        
       Author : speckx
       Score  : 259 points
       Date   : 2026-03-16 17:17 UTC (5 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (kevinboone.me)
 (TXT) w3m dump (kevinboone.me)
        
       | lasgawe wrote:
       | mm, yeah. I like the idea of the small web not as a size category
       | but as a mindset. people publishing for the sake of sharing
       | rather than optimizing for attention or monetization.
        
         | rapnie wrote:
         | The fediverse is also generally experienced as a small web,
         | where it comes to mindset. Though that is not always to the
         | liking or preference of those expecting to find alternatives to
         | big church social media platforms.
        
         | apples_oranges wrote:
         | Feeding llms you mean
        
           | stronglikedan wrote:
           | they gotta eat too!
        
           | 8organicbits wrote:
           | Is there a good free-but-subscriber-only solution for blogs?
           | It seems like a contradiction, but in practice it may be
           | manageable.
        
             | pixl97 wrote:
             | If it takes off in any amount, then LLMs will just
             | subscribe and pull said data from sites at a reasonable
             | pace (or not, it's free so make many accounts).
        
             | cosmicgadget wrote:
             | Loginwall or email newsletter with a summary on the open
             | web.
        
       | romaniv wrote:
       | Small Web, Indie Web and Gemini are terminally missing the point.
       | The web in the 90s was an _ecosystem_ that attracted people
       | because of experimentation with the medium, diversity of content
       | and certain free-spirited social defaults. It also attracted
       | attention because it was a new, exciting and rapidly expanding
       | phenomenon. To create something equivalent right now you would
       | need to capture those properties, rather then try to revive old
       | visual styles and technology.
       | 
       | For a while I hoped that VR will become the new World Wide Web,
       | but it was successfully torpedoed by the Metaverse initiative.
        
         | SirFatty wrote:
         | Which is exactly the point of Gemini.
        
           | skeeter2020 wrote:
           | I'm a dinosaur who bemoans the loss of whatever-it-was we had
           | prior to the mass exploitation and saturation of the web
           | today, so I feel it's my duty to check out Gemini and stop
           | complaining. I'm prepared to trade ease of use or some modern
           | functionality for better content and less of what the
           | internet has become.
        
           | mattlondon wrote:
           | Not quite. I think Gemini has deliberately gone for a "text
           | only" philosophy, which I think is very constraining.
           | 
           | The early web had a lot going on and allowed for a _lot_ of
           | creative experimentation which really caught the eye and the
           | imagination.
           | 
           | Gemini seems designed to _only_ allow long-form text content.
           | You can 't even have a table let alone inline images which
           | makes it very limited for even dry scientific research
           | papers, which I think would otherwise be an excellent use-
           | case for Gemini. But it seems that this sort of thing is a
           | deliberate design/philosophical decision by the authors which
           | is a shame. They _could_ have supported full markdown, but
           | they chose not to (ostensibly to ease client implementation
           | but there are a squillion markdown libraries so that
           | assertion doesn 't hold water for me)
           | 
           | It's their protocol so they can do what they want with it,
           | but it's why I think Gemini as a protocol is a dead-end
           | unless all you want to do is write essays (with no images or
           | tables or inline links or table-of-contents or MathML or SVG
           | diagrams or anything else you can think of in markdown). Its
           | a shame as I think the client-cert stuff for Auth is
           | interesting.
        
             | okuntilnow wrote:
             | There are images in geminispace, and audio, and (probably)
             | video. It's just not inline. One of constraints of the
             | protocol is that pages cannot load content without your
             | express say-so.
        
             | wibbily wrote:
             | It's tough but one of the tenets of Gemini is that a lone
             | programmer can write their own client in a spirited
             | afternoon/weekend. Markdown is just a little too hard to
             | clear the bar. Already there was much bellyaching on the
             | mailing list about forcing dependence on SSL libraries;
             | suggesting people rely on more libraries would have been a
             | non-starter
             | 
             | Note that the Gemini protocol is just a way of moving bytes
             | around; nothing stops you from sending Markdown if you want
             | (and at least some clients will render it - same with
             | inline images).
        
               | krapp wrote:
               | Didn't the creator of the protocol go on a rant when
               | someone made a browser for Gemini that included a
               | favicon?
               | 
               | I can't imagine the backlash if someone tried to
               | normalize Markdown. Isn't the entire point of Gemini that
               | it can never be extended or expanded upon?
               | 
               | Maybe it would be better to create an entirely different
               | protocol/alt web around Markdown that didn't risk running
               | afoul of Gemini's philosophical restrictions?
        
         | gzread wrote:
         | It's about capturing the noncommerciality, not the
         | experimentation. Most of the small web sites are just blogs, a
         | solved problem by now, but there's interesting content in many
         | of them.
        
         | cdrnsf wrote:
         | There's an element of nostalgia, certainly but it's also a
         | reaction to the overwhelmingly commercial web. Why not build
         | something instead of scrolling through brief videos
         | interspersed with more and more ads that follow you everywhere?
         | 
         | Large companies have helped build the web but they've done at
         | least as much, if not more, to help kill it.
        
           | Karrot_Kream wrote:
           | The small web can be a lot of things, but IMO it gets too
           | overrun by the ideologically zealous. One does not have to
           | believe in primitive anarchism to enjoy camping, for example.
           | In general it seems any niche idea on the internet is like
           | candle flame to zealous moths.
        
             | krapp wrote:
             | Ideological zealots are more or less the only people who
             | hate the modern web so much that they want to quarantine
             | themselves within an entirely different and functionally
             | limited protocol or ecosystem. Everyone else is fine
             | discussing camping in Facebook groups and on Reddit and
             | wherever, maybe just using an ad blocker.
        
       | upboundspiral wrote:
       | I think the article briefly touches on an important part: people
       | still write blogs, but they are buried by Google that now
       | optimizes their algorithm for monetization and not usefulness.
       | 
       | Anyone interested in seeing what the web when the search engines
       | selects for real people and not SEO optimized slop should check
       | out https://marginalia-search.com .
       | 
       | It's a search engine with the goal of finding exactly that -
       | blogs, writings, all by real people. I am always fascinated by
       | what it unearths when using it, and it really is a breath of
       | fresh air.
       | 
       | It's currently funded by NLNet (temporarily) and the project's
       | scope is really promising. It's one of those projects that I
       | really hope succeeds long term.
       | 
       | The old web is not dead, just buried, and it can be unearthed. In
       | my opinion an independent non monetized search engine is a public
       | good as valuable as the internet archive.
       | 
       | So far as I know marginalia is the only project that instead of
       | just taking google's index and massaging it a bit (like all the
       | other search engines) is truly seeking to be independent and
       | practical in its scope and goals.
        
         | lich_king wrote:
         | > Google that now optimizes their algorithm for monetization
         | and not usefulness.
         | 
         | I don't think they do that. Instead, "usefulness" is mostly
         | synonymous with commercial intent: searching for <x> often
         | means "I want to buy <x>".
         | 
         | Even for non-commercial queries, I think the sad reality is
         | that most people subconsciously prefer LLM-generated or
         | content-farmed stuff too. It looks more professional, has nice
         | images (never mind that they're stock photos or AI-generated),
         | etc. Your average student looking for an explanation of why the
         | sky is blue is more interested in a TikTok-style short than
         | some white-on-black or black-on-gray webpage that gives them
         | 1990s vibes.
         | 
         | TL;DR: I think that Google gives the average person exactly the
         | results they want. It might be not what a small minority on HN
         | wants.
        
           | BrenBarn wrote:
           | > I think that Google gives the average person exactly the
           | results they want.
           | 
           | There is some truth in this, but to me it's similar to saying
           | that a drug dealer gives their customers exactly what they
           | want. People "want" those things because Google and its ilk
           | have conditioned them to want those things.
        
             | sdenton4 wrote:
             | On the one hand, a search engine is not heroin... It's a
             | pretty broken analogy.
             | 
             | On the other hand, we could probably convince Cory Doctorow
             | to write a piece about how fentanyl is really about the
             | enshitification of opiates.
        
           | marginalia_nu wrote:
           | Google and most search engines optimize for what is most
           | likely to be clicked on. This works poorly and creates a huge
           | popularity bias at scale because it starts feeding on its own
           | tail: What major search engines show you is after all a large
           | contributor to what's most likely to be clicked on.
           | 
           | The reason Marginalia (for some queries) feels like it shows
           | such refreshing results is that it simply does not take
           | popularity into account.
        
         | boxedemp wrote:
         | I think that's a cool project, though I found the results to be
         | less relevant than Google.
        
           | janalsncm wrote:
           | Whether the results are less relevant or not depends
           | massively on what you searched and whether the best results
           | even exist in the Marginalia search index or not.
           | 
           | If Google is ranking small web results better than
           | Marginalia, that's actionable.
           | 
           | If the best result isn't in the index and it should be,
           | that's actionable.
        
             | marginalia_nu wrote:
             | Well to be fair, Marginalia is also developed by 1 guy
             | (me), and Google has like 10K people and infinite compute
             | they can throw at the problem. There has been definite
             | improvements, and will be more improvements still, but
             | Google's still got hands.
        
               | janalsncm wrote:
               | Hey Marginalia, cheers. Imo fewer hands can also be an
               | advantage.
               | 
               | There are no PMs breathing down your neck to inject more
               | ads in the search results, you don't depend on any broken
               | internal bespoke tools that you can't fix yourself, and
               | you don't need anybody's permission to deploy a new
               | ranking strategy if you want to.
        
         | marginalia_nu wrote:
         | Thanks for shilling.
         | 
         | Regarding the financials, even though the second nlnet grant
         | runs out in a few weeks, I've got enough of a war chest to work
         | full time probably a good bit into 2029 (modulo additional
         | inflation shocks). The operational bit is self-funding now, and
         | it's relatively low maintenance, so if worse comes to worst
         | I'll have to get a job (if jobs still exist in 2029, otherwise
         | I guess I'll live in the shameful cardboard box of those who
         | were NGMI ;-).
        
       | susam wrote:
       | A little shell function I have in my ~/.zshrc:
       | pages() { for _ in {1..5}; do curl -sSw '%header{location}\n'
       | https://indieblog.page/random | sed 's/.utm.*//'; done }
       | 
       | Here is an example output:                 $ pages
       | https://alanpearce.eu/post/scriptura/
       | https://jmablog.com/post/numberones/
       | https://www.closingtags.com/blog/home-networking
       | https://www.unsungnovelty.org/gallery/layers/
       | https://thoughts.uncountable.uk/now/
       | 
       | On macOS, we can also automatically open the random pages in the
       | default web browser with:                 $ open $(pages)
       | 
       | Another nice place to discover independently maintained personal
       | websites is: https://kagi.com/smallweb
        
         | viscousviolin wrote:
         | That's a lovely bit of automation.
        
         | oooyay wrote:
         | Caveat that Kagi gates that repo such that it doesn't allow
         | self-submissions so you're only going to see a chunk of
         | websites that other people have submitted that also know about
         | the Kagi repo.
        
           | mxuribe wrote:
           | But per the instructions, it seems like that if one wants to
           | add your own website, then one needs to add 2 other small
           | websites (that are not on the list already)...so technically
           | it does open things up to those who are not aware of the
           | repo...assuming their site is pulled in when someone wants to
           | add their own website. Obviously this scale is slow...but i
           | think that's kinda the point, eh? Nevertheless, for every 1
           | person wanting to add their stuff, 2 others would technically
           | get added i guess.
           | 
           | See: https://github.com/kagisearch/smallweb?tab=readme-ov-
           | file#%E...
        
         | sdoering wrote:
         | This is so lovely. Just adopted it for arch. And set it up, so
         | that I can just type `indy n` (with "n" being any number) and
         | it opens n pages in my browser.
         | 
         | Thanks for sharing.
        
       | 8organicbits wrote:
       | One objection I have to the kagi smallweb approach is the
       | avoidance of infrequently updated sites. Some of my favorite
       | blogs post very rarely; but when they post it's a great read.
       | When I discover a great new blog that hasn't been updated in
       | years I'm excited to add it to my feed reader, because it's a
       | really good signal that when they publish again it will be worth
       | reading.
        
         | freediver wrote:
         | To clarify criteria is less than 2 years since last blog post.
        
         | oopsiremembered wrote:
         | I'm with you. Also, sometimes I'm specifically looking for some
         | dusty old site that has long been forgotten about. Maybe I'm
         | trying to find something I remember from ages ago. Or maybe I'm
         | trying to deeply research something.
         | 
         | There's a lot more to fixing search than prioritizing recency.
         | In fact, I think recency bias sometimes makes search worse.
        
           | Borg3 wrote:
           | http://borg.uu3.net/~borg/?fun/wisdom_of_the_ancients
        
         | est wrote:
         | also kagi exclude non-English sites. Sad for mixed language
         | blogs like mine.
        
       | shermantanktop wrote:
       | This is a specific definition of "small web" which is even
       | narrower than the one I normally think of. But reading about
       | Gemini, it does make me wonder if the original sin is client-side
       | dynamism.
       | 
       | We could say: that's Javascript. But some Javascript operates
       | only on the DOM. It's really XHR/fetch and friends that are the
       | problem.
       | 
       | We could say: CSS is ok. But CSS can fetch remote resources and
       | if JS isn't there, I wonder how long it would take for ad vendors
       | to have CSS-only solutions...or maybe they do already?
        
         | akkartik wrote:
         | Yeah, CSS is Turing Complete: https://lyra.horse/x86css
        
           | zahlman wrote:
           | I wonder: what's the least that could be removed from CSS to
           | avoid Turing-completeness?
        
       | jmclnx wrote:
       | I moved my site to Gemini on sdf.org, I find it far easier to use
       | and maintain. I also mirror it on gopher. Maintaining both is
       | still easier than dealing with *panels or hosting my own. There
       | is a lot of good content out there, for example:
       | 
       | gemini://gemi.dev/
       | 
       | FWIW, dillo now has plugins for both Gemini and Gopher and the
       | plugins work find on the various BSDs.
        
       | heliumtera wrote:
       | How many would be left after removing self promotion, AI
       | generated content and "how I use AI?"(Claude code like everybody
       | else)
        
       | varun_ch wrote:
       | A fun trend on the "small web" is the use of 88x31 badges that
       | link to friends websites or in webrings. I have a few on my
       | website, and you can browse a ton of small web websites that way.
       | 
       | https://varun.ch (at the bottom of the page)
       | 
       | There's also a couple directories/network graphs
       | https://matdoes.dev/buttons https://eightyeightthirty.one/
        
         | 101008 wrote:
         | A beautiful trend that has been going for 30 years ;-)
         | 
         | One of the happiest moments of my childhood (I'm exagerating)
         | was when my button was placed in that website that I loved to
         | visit everyday. It was one of the best validations I ever
         | received :)
        
           | skciva wrote:
           | What inspired me to pursue computer related fields was making
           | little badges and forum signatures in Photoshop as a teen.
           | Heartwarming to see this tradition has persisted
        
             | Terr_ wrote:
             | I can't be the only one with an ancient collection of
             | artistically-mismatched "under construction" graphics.
        
         | NooneAtAll3 wrote:
         | my main problem with such links is... how often do you update
         | them? how often do you check those websites to see that they're
         | still active?
         | 
         | I remember going through all the blogs linked on terry tao's
         | blog - out of like 50 there were only 8-ish still alive :(
        
       | myylogic wrote:
       | great work
        
       | lich_king wrote:
       | It's easy to hand-curate a list of 5,000 "small web" URLs. The
       | problem is scaling. For example, Kagi has a hand-curated "small
       | web" filter, but I never use it because far more interesting and
       | relevant "small web" websites are outside the filter than in it.
       | The same is true for most other lists curated by individual
       | folks. They're neat, but also sort of useless because they are
       | _too_ small: 95% of the things you 're looking for are not there.
       | 
       | The question is how do you take it to a million? There probably
       | are at least that many good personal and non-commercial websites
       | out there, but if you open it up, you invite spam & slop.
        
         | freediver wrote:
         | I mainly use Kagi Small Web as a starting point of my day, with
         | my morning coffee. Especially now when categories are added,
         | always find something worth reading. The size here does not
         | present a problem as I would usually browse 20-30 sites this
         | way.
        
           | lich_king wrote:
           | Right, but that basically works as a retro alternative to
           | scrolling through social media. If you're looking for
           | something specific, it's simultaneously true that there's a
           | small web page that answers your question and that it's not
           | on any "small web" list because the owner of the webpage
           | never submitted it there, or didn't meet the criteria for
           | inclusion.
           | 
           | For example, I have several non-commercial, personal websites
           | that I think anyone would agree are "small web", but each of
           | them fails the Kagi inclusion criteria for a different
           | reason. One is not a blog, another is a blog but with the
           | wrong cadence of posts, etc.
        
             | freediver wrote:
             | Feel free to suggest changes to criteria for inclusion. It
             | is mostly the way it is now as the entire project is
             | maintained by one person - me :)
        
               | lich_king wrote:
               | Looking at the criteria again, I can think of at least
               | three things that arbitrarily exclude large swathes of
               | the small web:
               | 
               | 1) The requirement that it needs to be a blog. There's
               | plenty of small-web sites of people who obsess over
               | really wonderful and wacky stuff (e.g.,
               | https://www.fleacircus.co.uk/History.htm) but don't
               | qualify here.
               | 
               | 2) The requirement that it needs to be updated regularly.
               | Same as above - I get that infrequently updated websites
               | don't generate a "daily morning" feed, but admitting them
               | wouldn't harm in any way.
               | 
               | 3) Blanket ban on Substack-like platforms while allowing
               | Blogspot, Wordpress.com, YouTube, etc. Bloggers follow
               | trends, so you're effectively excluding a significant
               | proportion of personal blogs created in the last six
               | years, including the stuff that isn't monetized or behind
               | interstitials. The outcomes are pretty weird: for
               | example, noahpinionblog.blogspot.com is on your list, but
               | noahpinion.blog is apparently no longer small web.
        
               | freediver wrote:
               | 1) It has to have a feed (we dont want to overcrawl) so
               | hence 'blog' - more accurately any site with an RSS/atom
               | feed would do
               | 
               | 2) 'Regularly' means posted in the last 2 years to be
               | included
               | 
               | 3) Substack has an annoying subcribe popup and ads/popups
               | are against the spirit of what this represents
        
         | cosmicgadget wrote:
         | My approach operates under the assumption that good, non-
         | commercial webpages will be similar to other good webpages.
         | Slop, SEO spam, and affiliate content will resemble other such
         | content.
         | 
         | So a similarity-based graph/network of webpages should cluster
         | good with good, bad with bad. That is what I've seen so far,
         | anyway.
         | 
         | With that, you just need to enter the graph in the right place,
         | something that is fairly trivial.
        
         | nottorp wrote:
         | > The question is how do you take it to a million?
         | 
         | Do you need to take it to a million in the same place? Is that
         | still "small"?
         | 
         | Why not have 2000 hand curated directories instead?
        
       | afisxisto wrote:
       | Cool to see Gemini mentioned here. A few years back I created
       | Station, Gemini's first "social network" of sorts, still running
       | today: https://martinrue.com/station
        
       | freediver wrote:
       | Kagi Small Web has about 32K sites and I'd like to think that we
       | have captured most of (english speaking) personal blogs out there
       | (we are adding about 10 per day and a significant effort went
       | into discovering/fidning them).
       | 
       | It is kind of sad that the entire size of this small web is only
       | 30k sites these days.
        
         | savolai wrote:
         | Does this use frames or iframe? https://kagi.com/smallweb
         | 
         | I would expect a raw link in the top bar to the page shown, to
         | be able to bookmark it etc.
        
           | susam wrote:
           | There is a '/'-shaped icon in the navigation bar at the top.
           | If you click on that it takes you to the original post in a
           | new tab. On Firefox and Safari, you can also right click that
           | icon and add the original post to the bookmarks.
        
         | Cyan488 wrote:
         | I'm noticing sites that break the rules. I report (flag) them,
         | is that useful or should I just PR to remove them?
        
           | freediver wrote:
           | PR is better!
        
         | aquova wrote:
         | What methods are you using to find them? I notice my own
         | doesn't appear, although it does show up well under some (very
         | niche) Google search terms. I suspect there's the potential for
         | an order of magnitude more sites than have been found.
        
         | flir wrote:
         | Suspect there's a long tail/iceberg you still haven't captured
         | (source: you haven't found me yet and I'm not hiding, I'm just
         | not chasing SEO).
        
           | freediver wrote:
           | I am happy to hear this.
        
         | zahlman wrote:
         | Does this concept of "personal blog" include people
         | periodically sharing, say, random knowledge on technical
         | topics? Or is it specifically people writing about their day-
         | to-day lives?
         | 
         | How would I check if my site is included?
        
           | susam wrote:
           | You can check: <https://github.com/kagisearch/smallweb/blob/m
           | ain/smallweb.tx...>. I can see that your RSS URL is listed
           | there.
           | 
           | But it currently does not appear in the search results here:
           | <https://kagi.com/smallweb/?search=zahlman>. The reason
           | appears to be this:
           | 
           |  _" If the blog is included in small web feed list (which
           | means it has content in English, it is
           | informational/educational by nature and it is not trying to
           | sell anything) we check for these two things to show it on
           | the site: * Blog has recent posts (<7 days old) [...]"_
           | 
           | (Source: https://github.com/kagisearch/smallweb#criteria-for-
           | posts-to...)
        
         | jopsen wrote:
         | > I'd like to think that we have captured most of (english
         | speaking) personal blogs
         | 
         | I think that's naive.
         | 
         | But maybe thats just because my blog wasn't on the list :)
        
           | krapp wrote:
           | Neither is mine, But that's fine with me.
        
       | tonymet wrote:
       | hats off to https://1mb.club/ and https://512kb.club/ for
       | cataloging and featuring small web experiences
        
       | GuB-42 wrote:
       | I don't expect many people to agree but I think that the "small
       | web" should reject encryption, which is the opposite direction
       | that Gemini is taking.
       | 
       | I don't deny the importance of encryption, it is really what
       | shaped the modern web, allowing for secure payment, private
       | transfer of personal information, etc... See where I am getting
       | at?
       | 
       | Removing encryption means that you can't reasonably do financial
       | transactions, accounts and access restriction, exchange of
       | private information, etc... You only share what you want to share
       | publicly, with no restrictions. It seriously limits commercial
       | potential which is the point.
       | 
       | It also helps technically. If you want to make a tiny web server,
       | like on a microcontroller, encryption is the hardest part. In
       | addition, TLS comes with expiring certificates, requiring regular
       | maintenance, you can't just have your server and leave it alone
       | for years, still working. It can also bring back simple caching
       | proxies, great for poor connectivity.
       | 
       | Two problems remain with the lack of encryption, first is
       | authenticity. Anyone can man-in-the-middle and change the web
       | page, TLS prevents that. But what I think is an even better
       | solution is to do it at the content level: sign the content, like
       | a GPG signature, not the server, this way you can guarantee the
       | authenticity of the content, no matter where you are getting it
       | from.
       | 
       | The other thing is the usual argument about oppressive
       | governments, etc... Well, if want to protect yourself, TLS won't
       | save you, you will be given away by your IP address, they may not
       | see exactly what you are looking at, but the simple fact you are
       | connecting to a server containing sensitive data may be evidence
       | enough. Protecting your identity is what networks like TOR are
       | for, and you can hide a plain text server behind the TOR network,
       | which would act as the privacy layer.
        
         | marginalia_nu wrote:
         | Big thing that made encryption required is arguably that ISPs
         | started injecting crap into webpages.
         | 
         | Governments can still track you with little issue since SNI is
         | unencrypted. It's also very likely that Cloudflare and the like
         | are sharing what they see as they MITM 80% of your connections.
        
           | jopsen wrote:
           | > It's also very likely that Cloudflare and the like are
           | sharing what they see as they MITM 80% of your connections.
           | 
           | Maybe, I suspect not, but even so if we reduce the number of
           | men in the middle that's pretty nice.
        
             | marginalia_nu wrote:
             | Between what Snowden told us, and the CLOUD Act, it seems
             | quite likely.
        
         | throw5 wrote:
         | > But what I think is an even better solution is to do it at
         | the content level: sign the content, like a GPG signature
         | 
         | How would this work in reality? With the current state of
         | browsers this is not possible because the ISP can still insert
         | their content into the page and the browser will still load it
         | with the modified content that does not match the signature.
         | Nothing forces the GPG signature verification with current
         | tech.
         | 
         | If you mean that browsers need to be updated to verify GPG
         | signature, I'm not sure how realistic that is. Browsers cannot
         | verify the GPG signature and vouch for it until you solve the
         | problem of key revocation and key expiry. If you try to solve
         | key revocation and key expiry, you are back to the same
         | problems that certificates have.
        
           | axblount wrote:
           | Signatures do have similar problems to certificates. But
           | Gemini doesn't avoid them either and often recommends TOFU
           | certificates. I think the comment's point was that digital
           | signatures ensure identity but are unsuitable for e-commerce,
           | a leading source of enshittification.
        
           | interroboink wrote:
           | > you are back to the same problems that certificates have.
           | 
           | Some of the same problems. One nice thing about verifying
           | content rather than using an SSL connection is that plain-old
           | HTTP caching works again.
           | 
           | That aside, another benefit of less-centralized and more-
           | fine-grained trust mechanisms would be that a person can
           | decide, on a case-by-case basis what entities should be
           | trusted/revoked/etc rather than these root CAs that entail
           | huge swaths of the internet. Admittedly, _most_ people would
           | just use  "whatever's the default," which would not behave
           | that differently from what we have now. But it would open the
           | door to more ergonomic fine-grained decision-making for those
           | who wish to use it.
        
         | honeycrispy wrote:
         | Anyone between you and the server can change the content of the
         | page on unencrypted connections. I would love to live in a
         | world where encryption is unnecessary, but unfortunately that
         | world does not exist right now.
        
           | cristoperb wrote:
           | You could do signatures/MAC without encryption to guarantee
           | that the message was not modified
        
         | zzo38computer wrote:
         | > I think that the "small web" should reject encryption, which
         | is the opposite direction that Gemini is taking.
         | 
         | I think it should allow but not require encryption.
         | 
         | > Removing encryption means that you can't reasonably do
         | financial transactions, accounts and access restriction,
         | exchange of private information, etc... You only share what you
         | want to share publicly, with no restrictions. It seriously
         | limits commercial potential which is the point.
         | 
         | Note that the article linked to says "the Gemini protocol is so
         | limited that it's almost incapable of commercial exploitation",
         | even though Gemini does use TLS. (Also, accounts and access
         | restriction can sometimes be used with noncommercial stuff as
         | well; they are not only commercial.)
         | 
         | > It also helps technically. If you want to make a tiny web
         | server, like on a microcontroller, encryption is the hardest
         | part.
         | 
         | This is one of the reasons I think it should not be required.
         | (Neither the client side nor server side should require it.
         | Both should allow it if they can, but if one or both sides
         | cannot (or does not want to) implement encryption for whatever
         | reason, then it should not be required.)
         | 
         | > Anyone can man-in-the-middle and change the web page, TLS
         | prevents that. But what I think is an even better solution is
         | to do it at the content level: sign the content, like a GPG
         | signature
         | 
         | Using TLS only prevents spies (except Cloudflare) from seeing
         | or altering the data, and does not prevent the server operator
         | from doing so (or from reassigned domain names, if you are
         | using the standard certificate authorities for WWW; especially
         | if you are using cookies for authentication rather than client
         | certificates which would avoid that issue (but the other issues
         | would not entirely be avoided)).
         | 
         | Cryptographic signatures of the files is helpful, especially
         | for static files, and would help even if the files are
         | mirrored, so it does have benefits. However, these are
         | different benefits than those of using TLS.
         | 
         | In other cases, if you already know what the file is and it is
         | not changing, then using a cryptographic hash will help, and a
         | signature might not be needed (although you might have that
         | too); the hash can also be used to identify the file so that
         | you do not necessarily need to access it from one specific
         | server if it is also available elsewhere.
         | 
         | > Well, if want to protect yourself, TLS won't save you, you
         | will be given away by your IP address, they may not see exactly
         | what you are looking at, but the simple fact you are connecting
         | to a server containing sensitive data may be evidence enough.
         | 
         | There is also SNI. Depending on the specific server
         | implementation, using false SNI might or might not work, but
         | even if it does, the server might not provide a certificate
         | with correct data in that case (my document of Scorpion
         | protocol mentions this possibility, and suggestions of what to
         | do about it).
        
         | adiabatichottub wrote:
         | > It also helps technically. If you want to make a tiny web
         | server, like on a microcontroller, encryption is the hardest
         | part.
         | 
         | > Two problems remain with the lack of encryption, first is
         | authenticity. Anyone can man-in-the-middle and change the web
         | page, TLS prevents that. But what I think is an even better
         | solution is to do it at the content level: sign the content,
         | like a GPG signature, not the server, this way you can
         | guarantee the authenticity of the content, no matter where you
         | are getting it from.
         | 
         | If your microcontroller can't do TLS then it probably won't do
         | GPG either. But you can still serve HTTP content on port 80 if
         | you need to support plaintext. I believe a lot of package
         | distribution is still over HTTP.
         | 
         | Edit: Sorry, missed the web server part somehow and was
         | thinking of a microcontroller based client.
         | 
         | > In addition, TLS comes with expiring certificates, requiring
         | regular maintenance, you can't just have your server and leave
         | it alone for years, still working. It can also bring back
         | simple caching proxies, great for poor connectivity.
         | 
         | Yeah, TLS and DNS are the two of the biggest hurdles to a
         | completely distributed Internet. Of course you go down that
         | road and you get IPFS, which sounds cool to me, but doesn't
         | seem to have ever taken off.
        
           | zzo38computer wrote:
           | > If your microcontroller can't do TLS then it probably won't
           | do GPG either.
           | 
           | It is not a problem if you are only serving static files.
        
             | adiabatichottub wrote:
             | I guess I was thinking microcontroller as client, so yes I
             | agree
        
         | krapp wrote:
         | >Removing encryption means that you can't reasonably do
         | financial transactions, accounts and access restriction,
         | exchange of private information, etc... You only share what you
         | want to share publicly, with no restrictions. It seriously
         | limits commercial potential which is the point.
         | 
         | People will still do financial transactions on an unencrypted
         | web because the utility outweighs the risk. Removing encryption
         | just guarantees the risk is high.
        
           | zzo38computer wrote:
           | > People will still do financial transactions on an
           | unencrypted web because the utility outweighs the risk.
           | Removing encryption just guarantees the risk is high.
           | 
           | That does not necessarily require TLS to mitigate (although
           | TLS does help, anyways). There are other issues with
           | financial transactions, whether or not TLS is used. (I had
           | idea, and wrote a draft specification of, "computer payment
           | file", to try to improve security of financial transactions
           | and avoid some kinds of dishonesty; it has its own security
           | and does not require TLS (nor does it require any specific
           | protocol), although using TLS with this is still helpful.)
           | (There are potentially other ways to mitigate the problems as
           | well, but this is one way that I think would be helpful.)
        
         | xantronix wrote:
         | I have noticed that when I encounter an HTTP-only web site, I
         | know I am in for a pleasant, calm, well-curated experience, and
         | I mean that without a hint of irony.
         | 
         | I don't have a lot to say about the technical discussion here,
         | other than "TLS null cipher could be fine but also a lot more
         | infrastructure than desirable", which could subvert your intent
         | here.
         | 
         | Maybe we should normalise TOR usage before it becomes a
         | surefire signal to the FBI to raid one's home.
        
         | swiftcoder wrote:
         | > If you want to make a tiny web server, like on a
         | microcontroller, encryption is the hardest part
         | 
         | Even an esp32 can (just) handle TLS. Given relatively modern
         | designs, you end up on remarkably small chips before TLS is a
         | real blocker
        
         | jimbokun wrote:
         | I think a simpler argument would be that small web is not a
         | good fit if your content is sensitive in the place you are
         | publishing from. It's meant for public publishing. If you need
         | encryption, use a different distribution mechanism.
        
           | UqWBcuFx6NV4r wrote:
           | That is not the only protection that HTTPS offers. US ISPs
           | used to inject ads into HTML HTTP responses.
           | 
           | Can all this performative love for unencrypted HTTP just die
           | already. You've all forgotten what it was actually like, and
           | what the drawbacks actually are. This is so tiring.
        
       | tonymet wrote:
       | I'm not sold on gemini. Less utility, weaker, immature tools.
       | Investing on small HTTP based websites is the right direction.
       | One could formalize it as a browser extension or small-web HTTP
       | proxy that limits JS, dom size, cookie access etc using existing
       | Web browsers & user agents.
        
       | trinsic2 wrote:
       | Can anyone point me to the best place to get castor going? I cant
       | install it on my 22.04 install unmet dependencies...
        
       | 627467 wrote:
       | I read alot against monetization in the comments. I think because
       | we are used monetization being so exploitative, filled with dark
       | patterns and bad incentives on the Big Web.
       | 
       | But it doesnt need to be thia way: small web can also be about
       | sustainable monetization. In fact there's a whole page on that on
       | https://indieweb.org/business-models
       | 
       | There's nothing wrong with "publishers" aspiring to get paid.
        
       | danhite wrote:
       | Isn't this a simple compute opportunity? ...
       | 
       | > March 15 there were 1,251 updates [from feed of small websites
       | ...] too active, to publish all the updates on a single page,
       | even for just one day. Well, I could publish them, but nobody has
       | time to read them all.
       | 
       | if the reader accumulates a small set of whitelist keywords,
       | perhaps selected via optionally generating a tag cloud ui, then
       | that est. 1,251 likely drops to ~ single page (most days)
       | 
       | if you wish to serve that as noscript it would suffice to
       | partition in/visible content eg by <section class="keywords ..."
       | and let the user apply css (or script by extension or
       | bookmarklet/s) to reveal just their locally known interests
        
       | dwg wrote:
       | Love the irony: Man builds a Gemini-style feed aggregator for
       | small web, finding it, well, not so small.
        
       | Gunax wrote:
       | It's sad how the snall web became invisible.
       | 
       | I used to use all sorts of small websites in 2005. But by 2015 I
       | used only about 10 large ones.
       | 
       | Like many changes, I cannot pinpoint exactly when this happened.
       | It just occurred to me someday that I do not run into many
       | unusual websites any longer.
       | 
       | It's unfortunate that so much of our behavior is dictated by
       | Google. I dint think it's malicious or even intentional--but at
       | some point they stopped directing traffic to small websites.
       | 
       | And like a highway closeure ripples through small town economies,
       | it was barely noticed by travellers but devestating to
       | recipients. What were once quaint sites became abandoned.
       | 
       | The second force seems to be video. Because video is difficult
       | and expensive to host, we moved away from websites. Travel blogs
       | were replaced with travel vlogs. Tutorials became videos.
        
         | Ylpertnodi wrote:
         | > I dint think it's malicious or even intentional--but at some
         | point they stopped directing traffic to small websites.
         | 
         | Small websites have small dollars?
        
       | ZebrasEat wrote:
       | Has there been any effort in taking any of these small web type
       | approaches into a headscale type space? My preferences would be
       | to have a private area where whitelisting prevents crawling or
       | scraping. Am baffled why someone hasn't created a headscale
       | server and started distributing nodes to personally known 'good
       | intentioned' humans. Anyone ever heard of anything like this?
        
         | esseph wrote:
         | Parts of the "dark web" are built somewhat like this
        
       | graemep wrote:
       | > The US spends ~$14,570 per person on healthcare. Japan spends
       | ~$5,790 and has the highest life expectancy in the OECD.
       | 
       | The difference in life expectancy will be influenced by multiple
       | factors and may have more to do with diet and lifestyle than with
       | healthcare.
       | 
       | Japan also spends less per capita than the UK, France or Germany.
       | The US spends a lot more than any of those so the US system is
       | bad value for money.
        
         | mtmail wrote:
         | The comment belongs to this thread
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=47401809
        
       | pipeline_peak wrote:
       | Every answer I've seen to corporate internet whether it be
       | Mastodon or Gemini just sounds like shell script slab city.
       | 
       | Just another place for hackers to go and keep to themselves.
       | 
       | Non tech people, who needs them! In shelf script slab city, we
       | can share cooking recipes in plaintext.
       | 
       | Just spin up your instance, map it to a port, initialize the
       | listener daemon, download the cli viewer...and you're in shell
       | script slab city! Who needs Twitter
        
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