[HN Gopher] Revealed: UK's multibillion AI drive is built on 'ph...
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       Revealed: UK's multibillion AI drive is built on 'phantom
       investments'
        
       Author : tablets
       Score  : 82 points
       Date   : 2026-03-09 14:45 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.theguardian.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.theguardian.com)
        
       | Havoc wrote:
       | Sounds a lot like Zuckerberg getting caught on a hot mike at the
       | trump dinner about how many billion meta is investing
       | 
       | All made up bullshit numbers
        
       | smy20011 wrote:
       | Just multibillion?
        
       | parliament32 wrote:
       | The US is no different. All the deals seem to make sense until
       | you take a step back and realize it's just a bunch of circular
       | investments. This bubble bursting is going to be orders of
       | magnitude funnier than the NFT/web3 implosion, I can't wait.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AI_bubble
        
         | harel wrote:
         | I don't disagree, but I can't join you wishing for it to
         | happen. It's going to be bad for all of us.
        
           | recursive wrote:
           | The longer it's delayed, the worse it will be.
        
         | embedding-shape wrote:
         | > is going to be orders of magnitude funnier than the NFT/web3
         | implosion, I can't wait.
         | 
         | When was that? Seems I missed it, the market cap of
         | cryptocurrencies in general seems to still be around ~2.5T USD,
         | way above what I thought an "implosion" would mean.
        
           | parliament32 wrote:
           | Oh crypto is doing fine, no issues there. NFTs however, like
           | all the hype of pictures of monkeys selling for ridiculous
           | amounts of money, that's the implosion I was referring to.
        
             | bombcar wrote:
             | The "blockchain" collapse was covered up by the AI
             | explosion, many of the NFT/blockchain things that would
             | have died out pivoted to be AI (or AI on the blockchain!).
        
               | embedding-shape wrote:
               | > many of the NFT/blockchain things that would have died
               | out pivoted to be AI (or AI on the blockchain!).
               | 
               | I'm guessing you're talking about smaller projects?
               | AFAIK, neither Bitcoin nor Ethereum have anything to do
               | with AI, and combined they're 1.5T USD in market cap,
               | that's not propped up by AI, is it?
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | Yes - the scam/hype around crypto was always on the
               | "application" of it (or shitcoins) - BTC and ETH have
               | just chugged along as they actually have an underlying
               | use case.
        
         | mikkupikku wrote:
         | Is the US really no different? I can name at least a few US
         | companies making a serious attempt at AI stuff, and while I
         | haven't invested in any of them I can understand how billions
         | of dollars are being thrown around here.
         | 
         | But in the UK? What UK AI orgs are there? Deep Mind is/was but
         | they're owned by Google since a long time ago. Is there even a
         | single large UK company taking money for AI that isn't just
         | flagrantly scamming by _any_ measure?
        
         | devonkelley wrote:
         | The NFT/web3 comparison is tempting but I think it misses
         | something. NFTs had no underlying utility beyond speculation.
         | AI is already generating real revenue for companies that
         | figured out the execution layer. The bubble isn't in the
         | technology, it's in the gap between what gets announced and
         | what actually gets deployed.
         | 
         | The circular investment thing is real though. Half the "AI
         | investments" are just cloud compute commitments rebranded as
         | strategic AI spending. That part is absolutely going to unwind.
        
       | bArray wrote:
       | To build a Gigawatt AI data center in 2025 is reported to cost
       | $35bn [1]. If you're not going to build it to top specs, why even
       | bother. Given that this is the UK, once all the bureaucracy is
       | done, it'll be at least 50% more expensive.
       | 
       | A large business is estimated to use 50MWh at PS14,706 a year
       | [2]. It'll cost in excess of PS300k per year just to run
       | electricity, not that the grid has that in spare capacity [3].
       | It's completely in contrast to their green energy campaign.
       | 
       | Then, they don't even have any kind of contract actually in
       | place:
       | 
       | > Asked about the terms of the contract that Nscale had signed to
       | build the supercomputer by the end of this year, the government
       | did not reply directly. Instead, it said that Nscale's entire
       | $2.5bn investment was "not a formal contract, rather an intention
       | to commit capital", and "may well include equipment and capital
       | funding".
       | 
       | There's not enough serious capital invested to get this off of
       | the ground (or even to break ground seemingly). And then there
       | are basic questions, like:
       | 
       | 1. Why would build a data center that is supposed to create
       | tonnes of jobs, in a location where it costs a lot to employ
       | people?
       | 
       | 2. Why would you outsource your data center if you live in the US
       | or EU, when there are better options available locally? These
       | data centers sure as hell won't be used by British companies
       | because the government are crushing them with tax.
       | 
       | 3. The energy cost is far too high compared to locations with
       | nuclear or hydro electricity generation.
       | 
       | This whole thing stinks. I think it's a complete and utter lie.
       | 
       | [1] https://uk.investing.com/news/stock-market-news/how-much-
       | doe...
       | 
       | [2] https://www.moneysupermarket.com/gas-and-
       | electricity/busines...
       | 
       | [3] https://watt-logic.com/2025/01/09/blackouts-near-miss-in-
       | tig...
        
       | mrwh wrote:
       | The UK has been chronically bad at providing jobs and training
       | for its young people. I saw that 20 years ago when I was there.
       | That is a key reason, perhaps the primary reason, for its long
       | term productivity malaise. And the response is to lean into a
       | technology that will make this situation profoundly worse? It's
       | another lazy quick fix that is neither quick nor a real fix. The
       | UK needs to invest in its people, not funnel yet more money to
       | big tech.
        
         | tim333 wrote:
         | Patrick Boyle had I thought a very good youtube on what's gone
         | wrong - not enough investment in productive capital and too
         | much propping up house prices roughly
         | https://youtu.be/T3neJOdknqc
        
         | slavoingilizov wrote:
         | The UK has 3 of the top 10 universities in the world:
         | https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankin...
         | 
         | It's a talent pool that many big employers want to tap into
         | across a range of skills and industries. Cambridge is the best
         | place to do bio-science and research. That is largely because
         | the UK provides training and opportunities to its young people.
         | 
         | "I saw that 20 years go" is one data point that ignores the
         | wider statistics. I'm not sure what else you can back your
         | argument with.
        
           | mrwh wrote:
           | That's rather the point: the UK has been great at educating a
           | very narrow sliver of its population, decided at 18 years
           | old. Pointing to Oxbridge as a success story is very much
           | like pointing to London as a world city. Yes, it's world
           | class -- now look at the rest of the country.
        
           | nitwit005 wrote:
           | The people who aren't graduates of those universities also
           | matter.
        
           | varispeed wrote:
           | These rankings are meaningless. If you actually studied in
           | the UK, you'd notice a massive change in the last 5 years.
           | Universities do not teach anymore (perhaps with a few
           | exceptions), they are facilitating visas for foreign students
           | without any expectation they'll be learning anything and
           | nobody cares. They pass the exams barely attending any
           | lectures. Everyone is happy, except home students who get
           | massive debt and no actual useful skills.
        
             | katdork wrote:
             | It's actually more like the past 10 years? (Certainly was
             | when I was in university back 8 years ago) Maybe longer.
             | 
             | But, I like to reference
             | https://marktarver.com/professor.html on the state of
             | education in the UK.
        
         | varispeed wrote:
         | Training is one thing, but wage compression is another. Why
         | study for many years, miss out on life if you can get warehouse
         | job with little training and you won't be meaningfully worse
         | off? You get smaller flat, less organic food and a car few
         | years older than your engineer peer. These talks about
         | productivity always miss the elephant in the room - why people
         | bother to show up in the first place? It's the money. If there
         | is no money, then you can lead horse to water...
        
           | robotswantdata wrote:
           | Even if you get paid well, the tax cliff at 100k-170k where
           | it makes sense not to work and reject promotions to be
           | eligible for childcare is outrageously stupid.
           | 
           | UK is finished
        
         | mmarian wrote:
         | I'm curious which countries you think are best at this?
        
       | Razengan wrote:
       | It's such as shame to see the country that produced the Sinclair
       | Spectrum and so many classic gaming legends become so irrelevant
       | in computing and gaming..
        
         | bombcar wrote:
         | More than just that, so much of early "computer science" has
         | .uk addresses associated, they had some serious chops in early
         | software development, too.
        
         | harel wrote:
         | It's OK, we're doing badly across the board, not just
         | computing. :-(
        
         | OJFord wrote:
         | Counter- (or at least more recent data-) point: Raspberry Pi,
         | Arm.
        
           | tim333 wrote:
           | There's still stuff going on with Deepmind and Grand Theft
           | Auto but a lot is owned by American companies these days. The
           | UK is a bit lacking on the capital markets and the like these
           | days.
        
       | arkensaw wrote:
       | arent they all?
        
       | CrzyLngPwd wrote:
       | The current government, like the last one, are just a front for
       | funnelling income tax from the poor to the rich, and of course
       | doing whatever the Epstein Regime wants them to do.
       | 
       | But yeah, we need a power-hungry datacenter more than we need
       | proper sewerage, proper water management investment, shorter
       | hospital wait times, decent border patrol, or some of the fucking
       | potholes fixed!
       | 
       | Still, it makes a change to just giving the money to the
       | NarcoFuhrer clown in Ukraine, I suppose.
        
         | maest wrote:
         | > just a front for funnelling income tax from the poor to the
         | rich,
         | 
         | I don't know about all the other accusations you make, but this
         | one is pretty off the mark, considering this has been the most
         | unpopular government amongst the rich in a while. I mean, it's
         | Labour, what did you expect?
        
           | elmomle wrote:
           | Yeah, parent post to yours is sensationalist astroturf
           | garbage. Russian troll accounts call Zelenskyy a NarcoFuhrer.
        
             | CrzyLngPwd wrote:
             | Odd that you know what zelensky is called by the russians,
             | are you a russian troll?
             | 
             | Anyway, troll, I'm sure the russians care about the UK
             | pothole situation.
        
       | wrs wrote:
       | > "mainline AI into the veins" of the British economy
       | 
       | Wow, what a terrible, yet perhaps inadvertently accurate,
       | metaphor.
        
       | ___rob_m wrote:
       | no-one will build AI datacentres in the UK, it has one of the
       | highest industrial energy costs in the world. the only way
       | anything is getting built is with govt subsidies
        
       | samrus wrote:
       | From what i gather the red flags are
       | 
       | - coreweave used the initial investment to buy gpus and put them
       | in existing datacenters, rather than building new datacenters
       | from scratch
       | 
       | - nscale is very behind on their planned datacenter, and will
       | miss the deadline
       | 
       | - coreweaves new datacenter in partnership with datavita is
       | probably on track, but its not clear how datavita will get the
       | 1GW of energy to run it
       | 
       | I lean towards AI skepticism, but these dont seem thay bad to me.
       | My guess would be the first 2 are the promises of silicon valley
       | velocity hurtling headfirst into european administrative process.
       | 
       | And the third seems like just the challenge the firm has taken
       | on, which could be solved with huge solar plant or something. We
       | wont know until they try. Which is ambitious but theres nothing
       | wrong with that.
       | 
       | If there were credible red flags as to the demand for the supply
       | these datacenters will generate, or the projected 47b boost to
       | the economy if that supply were produced, then thered be real
       | cause to doubt. Because the whole value chain might not be well
       | thought out. And thays the part i personally am not entirely sure
       | about.
       | 
       | But if thats fine then just being negative because the companies
       | didnt meet their how ambitions is a bit cruel. And this sort of
       | attitude will just suffocate any silicon valley style dynamism
       | that europe might be hoping to cultivate
        
       | 7777777phil wrote:
       | Happening in the private sector too. Something like 10% of US
       | companies are actually using AI productively, and 42% killed
       | their GenAI pilots in 2024.
        
         | devonkelley wrote:
         | That 42% number is telling but not for the reason most people
         | cite it. The gap between "impressive demo" and "production
         | system that actually saves money" is enormous. Most of those
         | killed pilots weren't bad ideas, they were bad execution. No
         | feedback loops, no way to measure if the AI was actually doing
         | the job correctly at scale, and no plan for what happens when
         | it starts failing silently.
         | 
         | The 10% that stuck probably just had better engineering
         | discipline around it, not better AI.
        
       | pu_pe wrote:
       | European AI investment plans are always so timid. This article
       | mentions a couple of investments on the order of $1.5-2.5 billion
       | USD that their government says "would position the UK as a world
       | leader in AI". Hard to imagine you can be a world leader in
       | anything when investing two orders of magnitude less than your
       | competitors.
        
       | varispeed wrote:
       | These "investments" are rubbish. Show either deliberate
       | misunderstanding how economy works or incompetence. If someone
       | invests PS100bn, what do you think they expect? The money to
       | vanish or getting nice return? Yes, the scraps will go to interim
       | workers, but at least PS200bn will be sucked out of the UK
       | economy back to investors, likely not willing to pay taxes.
       | 
       | If UK government wanted to properly invest in the AI, they would
       | be developing chip fabs and embedding themselves in the supply
       | chains.
       | 
       | It's a perfect time to build DDR5 factory, if GPUs are too large
       | undertaking.
        
         | jdasdf wrote:
         | >but at least PS200bn will be sucked out of the UK economy back
         | to investors
         | 
         | That's not how the economy works... Nothing gets "sucked out of
         | the economy", and certainly not a productive investment that
         | generated that income.
        
           | varispeed wrote:
           | The distinction you're missing is between economic activity
           | and wealth retention. Foreign investment in UK data centres
           | generates GDP (construction jobs, some ops roles) but the
           | productive capital and its returns accrue to foreign
           | shareholders. This is the classic GDP vs GNI gap - Ireland is
           | the textbook example, enormous GDP inflated by
           | multinationals, but GNI per capita significantly lower
           | because profits repatriate.
           | 
           | If a fund invests PS100bn expecting 15-20% IRR, they're
           | extracting multiples of that over the asset lifetime. That's
           | the whole point - they're not philanthropists. The UK tax
           | take is thin because these structures are explicitly designed
           | for tax efficiency.
           | 
           | The deeper issue is where in the value chain the UK is
           | positioning itself. Hosting someone else's compute is the
           | low-margin end - it's being a warehouse. The high-margin
           | positions are fabrication and supply chain. Taiwan, South
           | Korea, and now the US via CHIPS Act understand this. They're
           | not inviting hyperscalers to build data centres and calling
           | it industrial strategy - they're building domestic fab
           | capacity because that's where durable value and strategic
           | leverage sit.
           | 
           | The UK is offering itself as a site rather than building
           | itself as a participant. Those are very different things.
        
       | nickdothutton wrote:
       | These big headline "UK investments" are always and without
       | exception not what you might think they are. When you drill into
       | them, which companies, what was bought, where was the profit
       | realised, what actual _real_ R&D was funded? They balloons are
       | easy to burst. No need to even get as far down the funnel as what
       | products/services were brought to market, what was their
       | adoption, and what shareholder value was created. I have seen
       | almost 30 years of it now.
       | 
       | Partly it's because politicians think every dollar (pound)
       | "invested" is the same, whether it goes on bricks and mortar or
       | silicon or software.
       | 
       | UK has some of the highest priced electricity for industrial use
       | on the planet. A result of deliberate policy choices. Who in
       | their right mind would want to grow a vast datacentre estate
       | there?
        
       | Traster wrote:
       | Given that the UK is structurally uncompetitive in industry
       | because of extremely high energy costs, it would seem crazy to me
       | to build a data centre here. Even if we did build plenty of data
       | centres here, it's simply not a driver of employment. We used to
       | have shops. Shops employed lots of people. Then we moved to out
       | of town shopping centres, which were cheaper and employed fewer
       | people. Then we moved to online food delivery which was more
       | efficient and employed even fewer people. Now we're moving to
       | data centres which are enormous and employ practically no one.
       | You can inflate the numbers by 10x or 100x or 1000x but you're
       | simply not going to get numbers comparable to a car production
       | line or anything that's actually a big driver of employment.
        
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