[HN Gopher] Hardening Firefox with Anthropic's Red Team
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       Hardening Firefox with Anthropic's Red Team
        
       The bugs are the ones that say "using Claude from Anthropic" here:
       https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/security/advisories/mfsa2026-1...
       https://blog.mozilla.org/en/firefox/hardening-firefox-anthro...
       https://www.wsj.com/tech/ai/send-us-more-anthropics-claude-s...
        
       Author : todsacerdoti
       Score  : 415 points
       Date   : 2026-03-06 11:53 UTC (11 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.anthropic.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.anthropic.com)
        
       | fcpk wrote:
       | The fact there is no mention of what were the bugs is a little
       | odd. It'd really be nice to see if this is a "weird never
       | happening edge case" or actual issues. LLMs have uncanny
       | abilities to identify failure patterns that it has seen before,
       | but they are not necessarily meaningful.
        
         | pjmlp wrote:
         | Indeed, without it looks like a fluffy marketing piece.
        
           | tptacek wrote:
           | And now that you know that it isn't, do you feel differently
           | about the logic you used to write this comment?
        
             | john_strinlai wrote:
             | i am curious, what are you hoping to get out of this
             | comment? will you feel better if they say yes? what is your
             | plan if they say no?
        
               | tptacek wrote:
               | I genuinely want to understand how they arrived at the
               | claim that this was a fluffy marketing piece. Like, if
               | you said on a different thread, "the Linux kernel is
               | probably mostly written in Pascal", I would really want
               | to understand how it was you got to that idea.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _what are you hoping to get out of this comment?_
               | 
               | Rando here. It gives a signal on the account's other
               | comments, as well as the value of the original comment
               | (as a hypothesis, albeit a wrong one, versus blind
               | raging).
        
               | john_strinlai wrote:
               | > _" It gives a signal on the account's other comments,"_
               | 
               | fair enough. i typically use karma as a rough proxy for
               | that, especially when the user has a lot of it (like, in
               | this case, where the poster is #17 on the leaderboard
               | with 100,000+ karma). you dont get that much karma if you
               | are consistently posting bad takes.
               | 
               | > _as well as the value of the original comment (as a
               | hypothesis, albeit a wrong one, versus blind raging)._
               | 
               | i dont see, in this case anyways, how or why that
               | distinction would matter or change anything (in this case
               | specifically, what would you change or do differently if
               | it was a hypothesis or simple "raging"?), but im probably
               | just thinking about it incorrectly.
        
               | TheBicPen wrote:
               | > you dont get that much karma if you are consistently
               | posting bad takes.
               | 
               | I wonder how true that is. While this site doesn't have
               | incentivize engagement-maximizing behaviour (posting
               | ragebait) like some other sites do, I would imagine that
               | simply posting more is the best way to accrue karma long-
               | term.
        
               | john_strinlai wrote:
               | > _I would imagine that simply posting more is the best
               | way to accrue karma long-term._
               | 
               | i definitely agree, which is why i use it as a rough
               | proxy rather than ground truth, but i have my doubts that
               | you can casually "post more" your way into the top 20
               | karma users of all time.
        
               | tptacek wrote:
               | I think a lot of people are overreading this and really
               | all that's happened here is that I was out at a show last
               | night and was really foggy when I woke up and asked a
               | question clumsily. It happens!
        
               | john_strinlai wrote:
               | yeah, absolutely, i was not intending to start some big
               | inquisition against you or anything.
               | 
               | just like you were genuinely trying to understand where
               | pjmlp was coming from, i was genuinely trying to
               | understand what you would get out of an answer to your
               | question (or, like, what the next reply could even be
               | other than "ok, cool").
        
               | tptacek wrote:
               | Oh, yeah, no, you're fine, this is on me.
        
             | pjmlp wrote:
             | Do I?
        
               | tptacek wrote:
               | I don't know. I'm really asking. I have you bucketed in
               | my head in the cohort of "HN commenters who write lots of
               | assembly", so the mismatch between your prediction and
               | the outcome is just really interesting to me.
        
         | deafpolygon wrote:
         | I'm guessing it might be some of these:
         | https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/security/advisories/mfsa2026-1...
        
           | muizelaar wrote:
           | Yeah, the ones reported by Evyatar Ben Asher et al.
        
             | robin_reala wrote:
             | I correctly misread that as "et AI".
        
               | deafpolygon wrote:
               | "et AI, Brutus!"
        
               | tclancy wrote:
               | Yon Claude has a lean and hungry look.
        
               | deafpolygon wrote:
               | An LLM by any other name would hallucinate the same
        
               | tclancy wrote:
               | Anyone still reading down here will appreciate this https
               | ://bsky.app/profile/simeonthefool.bsky.social/post/3kbk..
               | .
        
               | tclancy wrote:
               | Hang on, someone downvoted me for a horrific pun? GOOD.
        
               | deafpolygon wrote:
               | I upvoted, so maybe that restored the balance.
        
               | moffkalast wrote:
               | we can put that one next to the Weird AI Yankovic music
               | generator.
        
         | iosifache wrote:
         | You can find them linked [1] in the OG article from Anthropic
         | [2].
         | 
         | [1] https://www.mozilla.org/en-
         | US/security/advisories/mfsa2026-1...
         | 
         | [2] https://www.anthropic.com/news/mozilla-firefox-security
        
         | jandem wrote:
         | Here's a write-up for one of the bugs they found:
         | https://red.anthropic.com/2026/exploit/
        
         | larodi wrote:
         | The fact that some of the Claude-discovered bugs were quite
         | severe is also a little more than something to brush off as
         | "yeah, LLM, whatever". The lists reads quite meaningful to me,
         | but I'm not a security expert anyways.
        
       | mentalgear wrote:
       | That's one good use of LLMs: fuzzy testing / attack.
        
         | nz wrote:
         | Not contradicting this (I am sure it's true), but why is using
         | an LLM for this qualitatively better than using an actual
         | fuzzer?
        
           | saagarjha wrote:
           | Presumably because people have used actual fuzzers and not
           | found these bugs.
        
           | utopiah wrote:
           | I didn't even read the piece but my bet is that fuzzers are
           | typically limited to inputs whereas relying on LLMs is also
           | about find text patterns, and a bit more loosely than before
           | while still being statistically relevant, in the code base.
        
           | azakai wrote:
           | 1. This is a kind of fuzzer. In general it's just great to
           | have many different fuzzers that work in different ways, to
           | get more coverage.
           | 
           | 2. I wouldn't say LLMs are "better" than other fuzzers.
           | Someone would need to measure findings/cost for that. But
           | many LLMs do work at a higher level than most fuzzers, as
           | they can generate plausible-looking source code.
        
           | mmis1000 wrote:
           | It's not really bad or not though. It's a more directed than
           | the rest fuzzer. While being able to craft a payload that
           | trigger flaw in deep flow path. It could also miss some
           | obvious pattern that normal people don't think it will have
           | problem (this is what most fuzzer currently tests)
        
           | hrmtst93837 wrote:
           | Fuzzers and LLMs attack different corners of the problem
           | space, so asking which is 'qualitatively better' misses the
           | point: fuzzers like AFL or libFuzzer with AddressSanitizer
           | excel at coverage-driven, high-volume byte mutations and
           | parsing-crash discovery, while an LLM can generate protocol-
           | aware, stateful sequences, realistic JavaScript and HTTP
           | payloads, and user-like misuse patterns that exercise logic
           | and feature-interaction bugs a blind mutational fuzzer rarely
           | reaches.
           | 
           | I think the practical move is to combine them: have an LLM
           | produce multi-step flows or corpora and seed a fuzzer with
           | them, or use the model to script Playwright or Puppeteer
           | scenarios that reproduce deep state transitions and then let
           | coverage-guided fuzzing mutate around those seeds. Expect
           | tradeoffs though, LLM outputs hallucinate plausible but
           | untriggerable exploit chains and generate a lot of noisy
           | candidates so you still need sanitizers, deterministic
           | replay, and manual validation, while fuzzers demand
           | instrumentation and long runs to actually reach complex
           | stateful behavior.
        
       | stuxf wrote:
       | It's interesting that they counted these as security
       | vulnerabilities (from the linked Anthropic article)
       | 
       | > "Crude" is an important caveat here. The exploits Claude wrote
       | only worked on our testing environment, which intentionally
       | removed some of the security features found in modern browsers.
       | This includes, most importantly, the sandbox, the purpose of
       | which is to reduce the impact of these types of vulnerabilities.
       | Thus, Firefox's "defense in depth" would have been effective at
       | mitigating these particular exploits.
        
         | kingkilr wrote:
         | [Work at Anthropic, used to work at Mozilla.]
         | 
         | Firefox has never required a full chain exploit in order to
         | consider something a vulnerability. A large proportion of
         | disclosed Firefox vulnerabilities are vulnerabilities in the
         | sandboxed process.
         | 
         | If you look at Firefox's Security Severity Rating doc:
         | https://wiki.mozilla.org/Security_Severity_Ratings/Client what
         | you'll see is that vulnerabilities within the sandbox, and
         | sandbox escapes, are both independently considered
         | vulnerabilities. Chrome considers vulnerabilities in a similar
         | manner.
        
           | stuxf wrote:
           | Makes sense, thank you!
        
           | bell-cot wrote:
           | If only this attitude was more common. All security is,
           | ultimately, multi-ply Swiss cheese and unknown unknowns. In
           | that environment, patching holes in your cheese layers is a
           | critical part of statistical quality control.
        
           | lostmsu wrote:
           | Semi-on topic. When will Anthropic make decisions on Claude
           | Max for OSS maintainers? I would like to run this on my
           | projects and some of my high-profile dependencies, but there
           | was no update on the application.
        
         | Analemma_ wrote:
         | It's important to fix vulnerabilities even if they are blocked
         | by the sandbox, because attackers stockpile partial 0-days in
         | the hopes of using them in case a complementary exploit is
         | found later. i.e. a sandbox escape doesn't help you on its own,
         | but it's remotely possible someone was using one in combination
         | with one of these fixed bugs and has now been thwarted. I
         | consider this a straightforward success for security triage and
         | fixing.
        
         | halJordan wrote:
         | I don't think it's appropriate to neg these vulnerabilities
         | because another part of the system works. There are plenty of
         | sandbox escapes. No one says don't fix the sandbox because
         | you'll never get to the point of interrogation with the
         | sandbox. Same here. Don't discount bugs just because a sandbox
         | exists.
        
           | nottorp wrote:
           | But doesn't this come from the company that said they had the
           | "AI" write a compiler that can compile "linux" but couldn't
           | compile a hello world in reality?
        
       | lloydatkinson wrote:
       | Anthropic feels like they are flailing around constantly trying
       | to find something to do. A C compiler that didn't work, a browser
       | that didn't work, and now solving bugs in Firefox.
        
         | gehsty wrote:
         | This makes sense - they are demonstrating the capability of
         | their core product by doing so? They dont make browsers, c
         | compilers, they sell ai + dev tools.
        
           | delfinom wrote:
           | Capability of a product that makes non-working outputs at a
           | premium?
           | 
           | I can hire an intern for that.
        
             | gehsty wrote:
             | Will cost you a lot more ;)
        
           | jdiff wrote:
           | Seems like a poor advertisement for their product if their
           | shining example of utility is a broken compiler that doesn't
           | function as the README indicates.
        
             | gehsty wrote:
             | Impressive that it made a c compiler though? Or do we judge
             | all programmers by their documentation now?
        
         | manbash wrote:
         | I think it's a nice break from vibe-coding. It feels like a
         | good direction in terms of use cases for LLM.
        
         | saagarjha wrote:
         | Solving bugs in Firefox is quite impressive.
        
         | Analemma_ wrote:
         | I think OpenAI is flailing around too-- we're making an AI-
         | generated shortform video app, we're rescinding restrictions on
         | porn, we're making a... something... with Jony Ive-- but only
         | Anthropic is flailing in a way beneficial to society instead of
         | becoming a trillion dollar heroin dealer.
        
         | simonw wrote:
         | What was Anthropic's "browser that didn't work"?
        
           | utopiah wrote:
           | I think they meant Cursor, cf
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=46646777
        
         | ferguess_k wrote:
         | However, the shape is there. And no one knows how good the
         | thing is going to be after X months. We are measuring months
         | here, not even years.
         | 
         | I believe there is a theoretical cap about the capability of
         | LLM. I'm wondering what does it look like.
        
           | mmis1000 wrote:
           | If it explore all these cases after a few month and made the
           | tool itself obsolete, that sounds like a total win to me?
           | 
           | However that don't happen unless firefox just stop developing
           | though. New code comes with new bug, and there must be some
           | people or some tool to find it out.
        
         | dartharva wrote:
         | That's what people back then must have talked about small
         | offshoots like Google and Microsoft back when silicon valley
         | was nascent
        
       | staticassertion wrote:
       | I've had mixed results. I find that agents can be great for:
       | 
       | 1. Producing new tests to increase coverage. Migrating you to
       | property testing. Setting up fuzzing. Setting up more static
       | analysis tooling. All of that would normally take "time" but now
       | it's a background task.
       | 
       | 2. They can find some vulnerabilities. They are "okay" at this,
       | but if you are willing to burn tokens then it's fine.
       | 
       | 3. They are absolutely wrong sometimes about something being
       | safe. I have had Claude very explicitly state that a security
       | boundary existed when it didn't. That is, it _appeared_ to exist
       | in the same way that a chroot _appears_ to confine, and it was
       | _intended_ to be a security boundary, but it was not a sufficient
       | boundary whatsoever. Multiple models not only identified the
       | boundary and stated it exists but referred to it as  "extremely
       | safe" or other such things. This has happened to me a number of
       | times and it required a lot of nudging for it to see the
       | problems.
       | 
       | 4. They often seem to do better with "local" bugs. Often
       | something that has the very obvious pattern of an unsafe thing.
       | Sort of like "that's a pointer deref" or "that's an array access"
       | or "that's `unsafe {}`" etc. They do far, far worse the less
       | "local" a vulnerability is. Product features that interact in
       | unsafe ways when combined, that's something I have yet to have an
       | AI be able to pick up on. This is unsurprising - if we trivialize
       | agents as "pattern matchers", well, spotting some unsafe patterns
       | and then validating the known properties of that pattern to
       | validate is not so surprising, but "your product has multiple
       | completely unrelated features, bugs, and deployment properties,
       | which all combine into a vulnerability" is not something they'll
       | notice easily.
       | 
       | It's important to remain skeptical of safety claims by models.
       | Finding vulns is huge, but you need to be able to spot the
       | mistakes.
        
         | mozdeco wrote:
         | [work at Mozilla]
         | 
         | I agree that LLMs are sometimes wrong, which is why this new
         | method here is so valuable - it provides us with easily
         | verifiable testcases rather than just some kind of analysis
         | that could be right or wrong. Purely triaging through
         | vulnerability reports that are static (i.e. no actual PoC) is
         | very time consuming and false-positive prone (same issue with
         | pure static analysis).
         | 
         | I can't really confirm the part about "local" bugs anymore
         | though, but that might also be a model thing. When I did
         | experiments longer ago, this was certainly true, esp. for the
         | "one shot" approaches where you basically prompt it once with
         | source code and want some analysis back. But this actually
         | changed with agentic SDKs where more context can be pulled
         | together automatically.
        
           | kwanbix wrote:
           | [delayed]
        
         | rithdmc wrote:
         | Security has had pattern matching in traditional static
         | analysis for a while. It wasn't great.
         | 
         | I've personally used two AI-first static analysis security
         | tools and found great results, including interesting business
         | logic issues, across my employers SaaS tech stack. We
         | integrated one of the tools. I look forward to getting employer
         | approval to say which, but that hasn't happened yet, sadly.
        
         | StilesCrisis wrote:
         | This description is also pretty accurate for a lot of real-
         | world SWEs, too. Local bugs are just easier to spot. Imperfect
         | security boundaries often seem sufficient at first glance.
        
         | nitwit005 wrote:
         | I've seen fairly poor results from people asking AI agents to
         | fill in coverage holes. Too many tests that either don't make
         | sense, or add coverage without meaningfully testing anything.
         | 
         | If you're already at a very high coverage, the remaining bits
         | are presumably just inherently difficult.
        
         | delaminator wrote:
         | But you're not a member of Anthropic's Red Team, with access to
         | a specialist version of Claude.
        
       | mmsc wrote:
       | It's cool that Mozilla updated https://www.mozilla.org/en-
       | US/security/advisories/mfsa2026-1... because we were all
       | wondering who had found 22 vulnerabilities in a single release
       | (their findings were originally not attributed to anybody.)
        
         | dmix wrote:
         | Looks like a lot of the usual suspects
        
       | driverdan wrote:
       | Anthropic's write up[1] is how all AI companies should discuss
       | their product. No hype, honest about what went well and what
       | didn't. They highlighted areas of improvement too.
       | 
       | 1: https://www.anthropic.com/news/mozilla-firefox-security
        
         | shevy-java wrote:
         | Reads like a promo.
        
         | dang wrote:
         | Thanks! Since it has more technical info, I switched the URL to
         | that from https://blog.mozilla.org/en/firefox/hardening-
         | firefox-anthro... and put the latter in the top text.
         | 
         | I couldn't bring myself to switch to the (even) more press-
         | releasey title.
        
       | g947o wrote:
       | > Firefox was not selected at random. It was chosen because it is
       | a widely deployed and deeply scrutinized open source project --
       | an ideal proving ground for a new class of defensive tools.
       | 
       | What I was thinking was, "Chromium team is definitely not going
       | to collaborate with us because they have Gemini, while Safari
       | belongs to a company that operates in a notoriously secretive way
       | when it comes to product development."
        
         | vorticalbox wrote:
         | its just a different attack surface for safari they would need
         | to blackbox attack the browser which is much harder than what
         | they did her
        
           | rs_rs_rs_rs_rs wrote:
           | What? The js engine in Safari is open source, they can put
           | Claude to work on it any time they want.
        
             | hu3 wrote:
             | There's much more to a browser than JS engine.
             | 
             | They picked to most open-source one.
        
               | SahAssar wrote:
               | WebKit is not open source?
               | 
               | Sure there are closed source parts of Safari, but I'd
               | guess at least 90% of safari attack surface is in WebKit
               | and it's parts.
        
               | Normal_gaussian wrote:
               | In many cases, the difference between a bug and an attack
               | vector lies in the closed source areas.
               | 
               | This is going to be the case automating attack detection
               | against most programs where a portion is obscured.
        
               | dwaite wrote:
               | However, Firefox also needs to use the closed source OS
               | when running on Windows or macOS.
               | 
               | There are also WebKit-based Linux browsers, which
               | obviously do not use closed-source OS interfaces.
               | 
               | My pessimistic guess on reasoning is that they suspected
               | Firefox to have more tech debt.
        
               | rs_rs_rs_rs_rs wrote:
               | >In many cases, the difference between a bug and an
               | attack vector lies in the closed source areas.
               | 
               | You say many cases, let's see some examples in Safari.
        
             | runjake wrote:
             | Here's a rough break down, formatted best I can for HN:
             | Safari (closed source)        +- UI / tabs / preferences
             | +- macOS / iOS integration        +- WebKit framework (open
             | source) ~60%             +- WebCore (HTML/CSS/DOM)
             | +- JavaScriptCore (JS engine)             +- Web Inspector
        
             | g947o wrote:
             | Apple is not the kind of company that typically does these
             | things, even if the entire Safari is open source.
        
         | jeffbee wrote:
         | I would have started with Firefox, too. It is every bit as
         | complex at Chromium, but as a project it has far fewer
         | resources.
        
       | tclancy wrote:
       | Part of that caught my eye. As yet another person who's built a
       | half-ass system of AI agents running overnight doing stuff, one
       | thing I've tasked Claude with doing (in addition to writing
       | tests, etc) is using formal verification when possible to verify
       | solutions. It reads like that may be what Anthropic is doing in
       | part.
       | 
       | And this is a good reminder for me to add a prompt about property
       | testing being preferred over straight unit tests and maybe to
       | create a prompt for fuzz testing the code when we hit Ready
       | state.
        
         | devin wrote:
         | Can you give me an example (real or imagined) where you're
         | dipping into a bit of light formal verification?
         | 
         | I don't think the problems I work on require the weight of
         | formal verification, but I'm open to being wrong.
        
           | tclancy wrote:
           | To be clear, almost (all?) of mine do not either and it's
           | partially due to the fact I have been really interested in
           | formal methods thanks to Hillel Wayne, but I don't seem to
           | have the math background for them. To the man who has seen a
           | fancy new hammer but cannot afford it, every problem looks
           | like a nail.
           | 
           | The origin of it is a hypothesis I can get better quality
           | code out of agents by making them do the things I don't (or
           | don't always). So rather than quitting at ~80% code coverage,
           | I am asking it to cover closer to 95%. There's a code
           | complexity gate that I require better grades on than I would
           | for myself because I didn't write this code, so I can't say
           | "Eh, I know how it works inside and out". And I keep adding
           | little bits like that.
           | 
           | I think the agents have only used it 2 or 3 times. The one
           | that springs to mind is a site I am "working" on where you
           | can only post once a day. In addition, there's an exponential
           | backoff system for bans to fight griefers. If you look at
           | them at the same time, they're the same idea for different
           | reasons, "User X should not be able to post again until
           | [timestamp]" and there's a set of a dozen or so formal method
           | proofs done in z3 to check the work that can be referenced (I
           | think? god this all feels dumb _and_ sloppy typed out) at
           | checkpoints to ensure things have not broken the promises.
        
             | devin wrote:
             | I guess my feeling is that formal verification _even in the
             | LLM era_ still feels heavy-handed/too expensive for too
             | little value for a lot of the problems I'm working on.
        
       | amelius wrote:
       | Perhaps I missed it but I don't see any false positives
       | mentioned.
        
         | mozdeco wrote:
         | [working for Mozilla]
         | 
         | That's because there were none. All bugs came with verifiable
         | testcases (crash tests) that crashed the browser or the JS
         | shell.
         | 
         | For the JS shell, similar to fuzzing, a small fraction of these
         | bugs were bugs in the shell itself (i.e. testing only) - but
         | according to our fuzzing guidelines, these are not false
         | positives and they will also be fixed.
        
           | amelius wrote:
           | Sounds good.
           | 
           | Did you also test on old source code, to see if it could find
           | the vulnerabilities that were already discovered by humans?
        
             | Quarrel wrote:
             | I really like this as a suggestion, but getting opensource
             | code that isn't in the LLMs training data is a challenge.
             | 
             | Then, with each model having a different training epoch,
             | you end up with no useful comparison, to decide if new
             | models are improving the situation. I don't doubt they are,
             | just not sure this is a way to show it.
        
               | amelius wrote:
               | Yes, but perhaps the impact of being trained on code on
               | being able to find bugs in code is not so large. You
               | could do a bunch of experiments to find out. And this
               | would be interesting in itself.
        
             | ycombinete wrote:
             | Isn't that this from the (Anthropic) article:
             | 
             | "Our first step was to use Claude to find previously
             | identified CVEs in older versions of the Firefox codebase.
             | We were surprised that Opus 4.6 could reproduce a high
             | percentage of these historical CVEs"
             | 
             | https://www.anthropic.com/news/mozilla-firefox-security
        
             | rcxdude wrote:
             | Anthropic mention that they did beforehand, and it was the
             | good performance it had there that lead to them looking for
             | new bugs (since they couln't be sure that it was just
             | memorising the vulnerabilities that had already been
             | published).
        
           | shevy-java wrote:
           | I guess it is good when bugs are fixed, but are these real
           | bugs or contrived ones? Is anyone doing quality assessment of
           | the bugs here?
           | 
           | I think it was curl that closed its bug bounty program due to
           | AI spam.
        
             | mozdeco wrote:
             | The bugs are at least of the same quality as our internal
             | fuzzing bugs. They are either crashes or assertion
             | failures, both of these are considered bugs by us. But they
             | have of course a varying value. Not every single assertion
             | failure is ultimately a high impact bug, some of these
             | don't have an impact on the user at all - the same applies
             | to fuzzing bugs though, there is really no difference here.
             | And ultimately we want to fix all of these because
             | assertions have the potential to find very complex bugs,
             | but only if you keep your software "clean" wrt to assertion
             | failures.
             | 
             | The curl situation was completely different because as far
             | as I know, these bugs were not filed with actual testcases.
             | They were purely static bugs and those kinds of reports eat
             | up a lot of valuable resources in order to validate.
        
             | mccr8 wrote:
             | The bugs that were issued CVEs (the Anthropic blog post
             | says there were 22) were all real security bugs.
             | 
             | The level of AI spam for Firefox security submissions is a
             | lot lower than the curl people have described. I'm not sure
             | why that is. Maybe the size of the code base and the higher
             | bar to submitting issues plays a role.
        
           | sfink wrote:
           | > For the JS shell, similar to fuzzing, a small fraction of
           | these bugs were bugs in the shell itself (i.e. testing only)
           | 
           | There's some nuance here. I fixed a couple of shell-only
           | Anthropic issues. At least mine were cases where the shell-
           | only testing functions created situations that are impossible
           | to create in the browser. Or at least, after spending several
           | days trying, I managed to prove to myself that it was just
           | _barely_ impossible. (And it had been possible until
           | recently.)
           | 
           | We do still consider those bugs and fix them one way or the
           | other -- if the bug really is unreachable, then the testing
           | function can be weakened (and assertions added to make sure
           | it doesn't become reachable in the future). For the actual
           | cases here, it was easier and better to fix the bug and leave
           | the testing function in place.
           | 
           | We love fuzz bugs, so we try to structure things to make
           | invalid states as brittle as possible so the fuzzers can find
           | them. Assertions are good for this, as are testing functions
           | that expose complex or "dangerous" configurations that would
           | otherwise be hard to set up just by spewing out bizarre JS
           | code or whatever. It causes some level of false positives,
           | but it greatly helps the fuzzers find not only the bugs that
           | are there, but also the ones that will be there in the
           | future.
           | 
           | (Apologies for amusing myself with the "not only X, but also
           | Y" writing pattern.)
        
           | anonnon wrote:
           | Any particular reason why the number of vulnerabilities fixed
           | in Feb. was so high? Even subtracting the count of
           | Anthropic's submissions, from the graph in their blog post,
           | that month still looks like an outlier.
        
       | est31 wrote:
       | I suppose eventually we'll see something like Google's OSS-Fuzz
       | for core open source projects, maybe replacing bug bounty
       | programs a bit. Anthropic already hands out Claude access for
       | free to OSS maintainers.
       | 
       | LLMs made it harder to run bug bounty programs where anyone can
       | submit stuff, and where a lot of people flooded them with
       | seemingly well-written but ultimately wrong reports.
       | 
       | On the other hand, the newest generation of these LLMs (in their
       | top configuration) finally understands the problem domain well
       | enough to identify legitimate issues.
       | 
       | I think a lot of judging of LLMs happens on the free and cheaper
       | tiers, and quality on those tiers is indeed bad. If you set up a
       | bug bounty program, you'll necessarily get bad quality reports
       | (as cost of submission is 0 usually).
       | 
       | On the other hand, if instead of a bug bounty program you have an
       | "top tier LLM bug searching program", then then the quality bar
       | can be ensured, and maintainers will be getting high quality
       | reports.
       | 
       | Maybe one can save bug bounty programs by requiring a fee to be
       | paid, idk, or by using LLM there, too.
        
         | suddenlybananas wrote:
         | > Anthropic already hands out Claude access for free to OSS
         | maintainers.
         | 
         | Free for 6 months after which it auto-renews if I recall
         | correctly.
        
           | mceachen wrote:
           | No mention of auto renewal is made as far as I (and Claude)
           | could determine.
           | 
           | Their OSS offer is first-hit-is-free.
        
         | sigmar wrote:
         | >where a lot of people flooded them with seemingly well-written
         | but ultimately wrong reports.
         | 
         | are there any projects to auto-verify submitted bug reports?
         | perhaps by spinning up a VM and then having an agent attempt to
         | reproduce the bug report? that would be neat.
        
         | mccr8 wrote:
         | Google already has an AI-powered security vulnerability
         | project, called Big Sleep. It has reported a number of issues
         | to open source projects:
         | https://issuetracker.google.com/savedsearches/7155917?pli=1
        
       | semiquaver wrote:
       | It's just a stochastic parrot! Somehow all these vulnerabilities
       | were in the training data! Nothing ever happens!
       | 
       | (/s if it's not clear)
        
         | applfanboysbgon wrote:
         | What an irritating comment. Identifying bugs in code is, in
         | fact, exactly something a stochastic parrot could do.
         | Vulnerability research is already a massively automated
         | industry, and there's even a very well-established term --
         | "script kiddies" -- for malicious teenagers who run scripts
         | that automatically find vulnerabilities in existing services
         | without any knowledge of how they work. Having a new form of
         | automation can certainly be a useful tool, but is still in no
         | way an indication of "intelligence" or any deviation from the
         | expected programming of next token prediction guided by
         | statistical probability.
        
       | ilioscio wrote:
       | Anthropic continues to pull ahead of the other ai companies in
       | terms of 'trustworthiness' If they want to really test their red
       | team I hope they look at CUPS
        
         | LtWorf wrote:
         | A bit of an easy target no?
        
       | shevy-java wrote:
       | Mozilla betting on AI.
       | 
       | I am concerned.
        
       | cubefox wrote:
       | Interesting end of the Anthropic report:
       | 
       | > Opus 4.6 is currently far better at identifying and fixing
       | vulnerabilities than at exploiting them. This gives defenders the
       | advantage. And with the recent release of Claude Code Security in
       | limited research preview, we're bringing vulnerability-discovery
       | (and patching) capabilities directly to customers and open-source
       | maintainers.
       | 
       | > But looking at the rate of progress, it is unlikely that the
       | gap between frontier models' vulnerability discovery and
       | exploitation abilities will last very long. If and when future
       | language models break through this exploitation barrier, we will
       | need to consider additional safeguards or other actions to
       | prevent our models from being misused by malicious actors.
       | 
       | > We urge developers to take advantage of this window to redouble
       | their efforts to make their software more secure. For our part,
       | we plan to significantly expand our cybersecurity efforts,
       | including by working with developers to search for
       | vulnerabilities (following the CVD process outlined above),
       | developing tools to help maintainers triage bug reports, and
       | directly proposing patches.
        
       | BloondAndDoom wrote:
       | I wonder what the prompt and approach is Anthropic's own blog
       | doesn't really give any details. Was it just here is the area to
       | focus , find vulnerabilities, make no mistake?
        
       | hinkley wrote:
       | At this point about 80% of my interaction with AI has been
       | reacting to an AI code review tool. For better or worse it
       | reviews all code moves and indentions which means all the
       | architecture work I'm doing is kicking asbestos dust everywhere.
       | It's harping on a dozen misfeatures that look like bugs, but some
       | needed either tickets or documentation and that's been handled
       | now. It's also found about half a dozen bugs I didn't notice, in
       | part because the tests were written by an optimist, and I mean
       | that as a dig.
       | 
       | That's a different kind of productivity but equally valuable.
        
       | sfink wrote:
       | As someone who saw a bunch of these bugs come in (and fixed a
       | few), I'd say that Anthropic's associated writeup at
       | https://www.anthropic.com/news/mozilla-firefox-security
       | undersells it a bit. They list the primary benefits as:
       | 1. Accompanying minimal test cases         2. Detailed proofs-of-
       | concept         3. Candidate patches
       | 
       | This is most similar to fuzzing, and in fact could be considered
       | another variant of fuzzing, so I'll compare to that. Good fuzzing
       | also provides minimal test cases. The Anthropic ones were not
       | only minimal but well-commented with a description of what it was
       | up to and why. The detailed descriptions of what it thought the
       | bug was were useful even though they were the typical AI-
       | generated descriptions that were 80% right and 20% totally off
       | base but plausible-sounding. Normally I don't pay a lot of
       | attention to a bug filer's speculations as to what is going
       | wrong, since they rarely have the context to make a good guess,
       | but Claude's were useful and served as a better starting point
       | than my usual "run it under a debugger and trace out what's
       | happening" approach. As usual with AI, you have to be skeptical
       | and not get suckered in by things that sound right but aren't,
       | but that's not hard when you have a reproducible test case
       | provided and you yourself can compare Claude's explanations with
       | reality.
       | 
       | The candidate patches were kind of nice. I suspect they were more
       | useful for validating and improving the bug reports (and these
       | were _very_ nice bug reports). As in, if you 're making a patch
       | based on the description of what's going wrong, then that
       | description can't be too far off base if the patch fixes the
       | observed problem. They didn't attempt to be any wider in scope
       | than they needed to be for the reported bug, so I ended up
       | writing my own. But I'd rather them not guess what the "right"
       | fix was; that's just another place to go wrong.
       | 
       | I think the "proofs-of-concept" were the attempts to use the test
       | case to get as close to an actual exploit as possible? I think
       | those would be more useful to an organization that is doubtful of
       | the importance of bugs. Particularly in SpiderMonkey, we take any
       | crash or assertion failure very seriously, and we're all pretty
       | experienced in seeing how seemingly innocuous problems can be
       | exploited in mind-numbingly complicated ways.
       | 
       | The Anthropic bug reports were excellent, better even than our
       | usual internal and external fuzzing bugs and those are already
       | very good. I don't have a good sense for how much juice is left
       | to squeeze -- any new fuzzer or static analysis starts out
       | finding a pile of new bugs, but most tail off pretty quickly.
       | Also, I highly doubt that you could easily achieve this level of
       | quality by asking Claude "hey, go find some security bugs in
       | Firefox". You'd likely just get AI slop bugs out of that. Claude
       | is a powerful tool, but the Anthropic team also knew how to wield
       | it well. (They're not the only ones, mind.)
        
       | tabbott wrote:
       | I recommend that anyone who is responsible for maintaining the
       | security of an open-source software project that they maintain
       | ask Claude Code to do a security audit of it. I imagine that
       | might not work that well for Firefox without a lot of care,
       | because it's a huge project.
       | 
       | But for most other projects, it probably only costs $3 worth of
       | tokens. So you should assume the bad guys have already done it to
       | your project looking for things they can exploit, and it no
       | longer feels responsible to not have done such an audit yourself.
       | 
       | Something that I found useful when doing such audits for Zulip's
       | key codebases is the ask the model to carefully self-review each
       | finding; that removed the majority of the false positives. Most
       | of the rest we addressed via adding comments that would help
       | developers (or a model) casually reading the code understand what
       | the intended security model is for that code path... And indeed
       | most of those did not show up on a second audit done afterwards.
        
         | Analemma_ wrote:
         | I'm curious: has someone done a lengthy write-up of best
         | practices to get good results out of AI security audits? It
         | seems like it can go very well (as it did here) or be totally
         | useless (all the AI slop submitted to HackerOne), and I assume
         | the difference comes down to the quality of your context
         | engineering and testing harnesses.
         | 
         | This post did a little bit of that but I wish it had gone into
         | more detail.
        
           | ares623 wrote:
           | No mention of the quality of the engineers reviewing the
           | result?
        
           | lmeyerov wrote:
           | We split our work:
           | 
           | * Specification extraction. We have security.md and
           | policy.md, often per module. Threat model, mechanisms, etc.
           | This is collaborative and gets checked in for ourselves and
           | the AI. Policy is often tricky & malleable
           | product/business/ux decision stuff, while security is
           | technical layers more independent of that or broader threat
           | model.
           | 
           | * Bug mining. It is driven by the above. It is iterative,
           | where we keep running it to surface findings, adverserially
           | analyze them, and prioritize them. We keep repeating until
           | diminishing returns wrt priority levels. Likely leads to
           | policy & security spec refinements. We use this pattern not
           | just for security , but general bugs and other iterative
           | quality & performance improvement flows - it's just a simple
           | skill file with tweaks like parallel subagents to make it
           | fast and reliable.
           | 
           | This lets the AI drive itself more easily and in ways you
           | explicitly care about vs noise
        
           | simonw wrote:
           | The HackerOne slop is because there's a financial incentive
           | (bug bounties) involved, which means people who don't know
           | what they are doing blindly submit anything that an LLM spots
           | for them.
           | 
           | If you're running the security audit yourself you should be
           | in a better position to understand and then confirm the
           | issues that the coding agents highlight. Don't treat
           | something as a security issue until you can confirm that it
           | is indeed a vulnerability. Coding agents can help you put
           | that together but shouldn't be treated as infallible oracles.
        
             | johannes1234321 wrote:
             | The question still is: will enough useful stuff be
             | included, to make it worth to dig through the slop? And how
             | to tune the prompt to get better results.
        
               | simonw wrote:
               | Best way to figure that out is to try it and see what
               | happens.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | That depends on how the tool is used. People who ask for
               | a security vulnerability get slop. People who asked for
               | deeper analysis often get something useful - but it isn't
               | always a vulnerability.
        
               | ronsor wrote:
               | You're either digging through slop or digging through
               | your whole codebase anyway.
        
       | delaminator wrote:
       | I thought Mozilla Foundation were protecting us from AI.
       | 
       | Turns out it's the other way around - AI is protecting the
       | Mozilla Foundation from us.
        
       | lostmsu wrote:
       | Missed a chance to take on Google by naming this effort Anthropic
       | Project Zero
        
       | chill_ai_guy wrote:
       | Terrible day to be a Hackernews doomer who is still hanging on to
       | "LLM bad code". AI will absolutely eat your lunch soon unless you
       | get on the ship right now
        
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