[HN Gopher] The Eternal Promise: A History of Attempts to Elimin...
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       The Eternal Promise: A History of Attempts to Eliminate Programmers
        
       Author : dinvlad
       Score  : 208 points
       Date   : 2026-02-25 05:14 UTC (3 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.ivanturkovic.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.ivanturkovic.com)
        
       | cjfd wrote:
       | The article talks about 'software development will be
       | democratized' but the current LLM hype is quite the opposite. The
       | LLMs are owned by large companies and are quite impossible to
       | train by any individual, if only because of energy costs. The
       | situation where I am typing my code on my linux machine is much
       | more democratic.
        
         | Havoc wrote:
         | It is democratising from the perspective of non-programmers-
         | they can now make their own tools.
         | 
         | What you say about big tech is true at same time though. I
         | worry about what happens when China takes the lead and no
         | longer feels the need to do open models. First hints already
         | showing - advance access to ds4 only for Chinese hardware
         | makers
        
           | ares623 wrote:
           | They can rent their own tools, more like.
        
             | Kinrany wrote:
             | No, they can make their own tools. They rent someone else's
             | tools in the process of making their own tools.
        
               | ares623 wrote:
               | They can continue renting to maintain the tools they
               | make.
        
               | matheusmoreira wrote:
               | One day people will not even be able to own computers
               | anymore. They will be owned, controlled and rented out by
               | corporate elites for limited purposes only. The personal
               | computer will probably either cease to exist due to
               | economic factors. It will probably be made illegal for
               | citizens to own free computers. We'll probably need
               | licenses to operate one.
               | 
               | The mere concept of people "making their own tools" is
               | just comical in this bleak timeline.
        
               | tkiolp4 wrote:
               | Not entirely true. For instance if I use LLMs to build an
               | ios app I still need to pay apple $100 to use my own app
               | for an undetermined amount of time.
               | 
               | If I build a web app i still need to pay for a domain,
               | for a server for egress.
               | 
               | We are just renting. Wouldn't be surprised if in the
               | future this gets even more depressing
        
           | cyanydeez wrote:
           | The people taking the lead in most of Ai in America are
           | bootlickers of fascism. So not much difference than China on
           | a long enough time line.
        
             | Havoc wrote:
             | The US losing the plot doesn't change the fact that the
             | tech is fundamentally democraticism on a personal level.
             | 
             | If all the frontier models disappear into autocratic dark
             | holes then yeah we have a problem but the fundamental
             | freedom gain an "individuals can make tools without knowing
             | coding" isn't going anywhere
        
           | ldng wrote:
           | Terrible argument. They always could learn and DIY.
        
             | kqr wrote:
             | ... if they are privileged enough to be able to take time
             | away from family and jobs.
             | 
             | The current crop of LLMs are subsidised enough to make this
             | learning less expensive for those with little of both time
             | and money. That's what's meant by democratised.
        
             | edgyquant wrote:
             | You have to have a knack for it, most people are not
             | programmer types
        
               | simonw wrote:
               | I don't think it's about being a "type" so much as
               | choosing what to specialize in.
               | 
               | I could learn plumbing skills and do the plumbing around
               | my house. I've chosen not to.
        
         | xg15 wrote:
         | It's "democratizing" in the same way Uber "democratized"
         | taxis...
        
           | Kinrany wrote:
           | Taxi became more accessible and reliable, didn't it
        
             | cratermoon wrote:
             | have you priced an Uber lately?
        
         | tkel wrote:
         | Right, people misuse this term "democratized" all the time.
         | Because it sounds nice. But it's incorrect.
         | 
         | Democracy is about governance, not access.
         | 
         | A "democratized" LLM would be one in which its users
         | collectively made decisions about how it was managed. Or if the
         | companies that owned LLMs were ran democratically.
        
           | jasode wrote:
           | _> Democracy is about governance, not access._
           | 
           | It can be about both meanings. The additional meanings of
           | _democratize_ to describe _" more accessible"_ are documented
           | in Oxford and Merriam-Webster dictionaries:
           | 
           | https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/dictionaries-
           | thesaur...
           | 
           | https://www.merriam-
           | webster.com/dictionary/democratic#:~:tex...
        
             | mannykannot wrote:
             | With the consequence that disambiguation may be needed.
        
           | tbrownaw wrote:
           | The claim isn't that the LLMs are democratized. The claim is
           | that LLMs are causing _software development_ to be
           | democratized. As in, people who want software are more able
           | to make it themselves rather than having to go ask the elites
           | for some. As in, the elites in IT now have less power to
           | govern what software other people can have.
           | 
           | (Or alternatively, it's getting harder to stamp out "shadow
           | IT" and all the risks and headaches it causes.)
        
           | foo42 wrote:
           | I've been wondering recently if there's some practical path
           | forward for some sort of co-op based LLM training. Something
           | which puts the power in the hands of the users somehow.
        
         | heliumtera wrote:
         | You are assuming democracy wasn't designed to crush the
         | individual and reduce autonomy at all cost. How cute.
        
         | YeGoblynQueenne wrote:
         | That's a great point but you didn't make your linux machine
         | yourself. A large tech corp made it, and each of its parts.
         | Some of us could probably make their own computers but I don't
         | think I'd be able to make one smaller than the house I live in.
         | There's something to be said about large-scale automation and
         | that's not that it "democratizes" anything. Like you say: quite
         | the opposite.
        
       | bananaflag wrote:
       | Yeah but this time it's for real.
       | 
       | All the other attempts failed because they were just mindless
       | conversions of formal languages to formal languages. Basically
       | glorified compilers. Either the formal language wasn't capable
       | enough to express all situations, or it was capable and thus it
       | was as complex as the one thing it was designed to replace.
       | 
       | AI is different. You tell it in natural language, which can be
       | ambiguous and not cover all the bases. And people are familiar
       | with natural language. And it can fill in the missing details and
       | disambiguate the others.
       | 
       | This has been known to be possible for decades, as (simplifying a
       | bit) the (non-technical) manager can order the engineer in
       | natural, ambiguous language what to do and they will do it. Now
       | the AI takes the place of the engineer.
       | 
       | Also, _I_ personally never believed before AI that programming
       | will disappear, so the argument that  "this has been hyped
       | before" doesn't touch my soul.
       | 
       | I have no idea why this is so hard to understand. I'd like people
       | to reply to me in addition to downvoting.
        
         | danhau wrote:
         | Programmers have enjoyed an occupation with solid stability and
         | growing opportunities. AI challenging this virtually over night
         | is a tough pill to swallow. Naturally, many subscribe to the
         | hope that it will fail.
         | 
         | How far AI will succeed in replacing programmers remains to be
         | seen. Personally I think many jobs will disappear, especially
         | in the largest domains (web). But I think this will only be a
         | fraction and not a majority. For now, AI is simply most useful
         | when paired with a programmer.
        
           | cafebabbe wrote:
           | AI is useful when paired with an experienced programmer.
           | 
           | Experienced through old-school (pre-LLM) practice.
           | 
           | I don't clearly see a good endgame for this.
        
             | duggan wrote:
             | Motivated novices will just learn differently, and produce
             | different kinds of systems for different audiences with
             | different expectations.
             | 
             | Some will dig into obscurities that LLMs don't or can't
             | touch, others will orchestrate the tools, Gastown-style,
             | into some as-yet-unknown form.
             | 
             | People will vibe themselves into a corner and either start
             | learning or flame out.
        
             | citrin_ru wrote:
             | Endgame is to produce AI which will not need any
             | supervision by the time the current generation of
             | experienced developers will retire or even sooner. I don't
             | know if it will happen but many bet on this and models are
             | still improving, flattening is not yet seen.
        
               | ajshahH wrote:
               | This implies programming is done and there will be no
               | other advancements.
               | 
               | And flattening is being seen, no? Recent advancements are
               | mostly from RL'ing, which has limitations (and tradeoffs)
               | too. Are there more tricks after that?
        
               | Verdex wrote:
               | Yeah, even the AI CEOs are admitting that training
               | scaling is over. They claim that we can keep the party
               | going with post training scaling, which I personally find
               | hard to believe but I'm not really up to speed on those
               | techs.
               | 
               | I mean, maybe you can just keep an eye on what people are
               | using the tools for and then monkey patch your way to
               | sufficiently agi. I'll believe it when we're all begging
               | outside the data centers for bread.
               | 
               | [Based on other history of science and technology
               | advancements since the stone ages, I would place agi at
               | 200-500 years out at least. You have to wait decades
               | after a new toy is released for everyone to realize
               | everything they knew was wrong and then the academics get
               | to work then everyone gets complacent then new accidental
               | discovery produces a new toy etc.]
        
           | aleph_minus_one wrote:
           | > Programmers have enjoyed an occupation with solid stability
           | and growing opportunities.
           | 
           | This is not the case:
           | 
           | - Before the 90s, programming was rather a job for people who
           | were insanely passionate about technology, and working as a
           | programmer was not that well-regarded (so no "growing
           | opportunities").
           | 
           | - After the burst of the first dotcom bubble, a lot of
           | programmers were unemployed.
           | 
           | - Every older programmer can tell you how fast the skills
           | that they have can become and became irrelevant.
           | 
           | Over the last decade, the stability and opportunities for
           | programmers was more like a series of boom-bust cycles.
        
             | aleph_minus_one wrote:
             | Correction: "Over the last decade" -> "Over the last decade
             | _s_ [plural] ".
        
             | danhau wrote:
             | Thanks for chiming in. I appreciate your comments on my
             | young views.
             | 
             | What do you make of AI?
        
               | aleph_minus_one wrote:
               | > What do you make of AI?
               | 
               | Let me put it this way: I do have my opinion on this
               | topic, but this whole topic is insanely multi-faceted,
               | and some claims that I am rather certain about are more
               | at the boundaru of the Overton window of HN, so I won't
               | post it here.
               | 
               | But the article which the whole discussion is about
               | 
               | > https://www.ivanturkovic.com/2026/01/22/history-
               | software-sim...
               | 
               | offers in my opinion a rather balanced perspective
               | regarding using AI for coding (which does not mean that
               | this article is near to my opinion).
               | 
               | I will just give some less controversial thoughts and
               | advices concerning AI:
               | 
               | - A huge problem when discussing AI is that the whole
               | topic is a hodgepodge of various very diverse topics.
               | 
               | - The (current) AI industry has invested a lot of
               | marketing efforts to re-define what AI stood for in the
               | past (it basically convinced the mass of people that "AI
               | = what we are offering")
               | 
               | - I cannot say whether AI will be capable of replacing
               | lots of people in office jobs or not (I have serious
               | doubts). Media loves to disseminate this topic, but in my
               | opinion it does not really matter: the agenda is rather
               | to spread fear among employees to make them more
               | obedient.
               | 
               | - Even if AI will be capable of replacing only few office
               | workers (a scenario that I rather believe in), it does
               | not mean that management will not use "AI"/"replace by
               | AI" as a very convenient excuse to get rid of lots of
               | employees. The dismissed workers will then mostly vent
               | their spleen on the AI companies instead of the
               | management; in other work: AI is a very convenient
               | scapegoat for inconvenient management decisions. And yes,
               | I consider it to be possible that some event that leads
               | to mass layoffs might happen in a few years (but this is
               | speculative).
               | 
               | - While I cannot say how much quality improvement is
               | possible for current AI models (i.e. I don't know whether
               | there exists a technological barrier), the signs are
               | clear that as of today AI companies have hit some soft
               | "cost barriers". I don't know whether these are easily
               | solvable or not, but be aware of their existence.
               | 
               | - So, my advice is: if an AI model is of use for some
               | project that you have (e.g. generating graphics/content
               | for your web platform; using it as a tool for developing
               | the next scientific breakthrough; ...), do it _now_. Don
               | 't assume that the models will do this nearly freely for
               | you anymore in the future (it can be that this will stay
               | possible in the possible, but be cautious).
        
           | Tanjreeve wrote:
           | For a brief blip in time the last few years it was possible
           | to jump from a code camp to a decent paying job and vaguely
           | disappear for a while like Milton from office space. The
           | current period from a bad economy is more of a reversion to
           | the mean.
        
         | quotemstr wrote:
         | The thing about talking to computers is less the formality and
         | more the specificity. People don't know what they want. To use
         | an LLM effectively, you need to think about what you want with
         | enough clarity to ask for it and check that you're getting it.
         | That LLMs accept your wishes in the form of natural language
         | instead of something with a LALR(1) grammar doesn't magically
         | obviate the need for specificity and clarity in communication.
        
           | bananaflag wrote:
           | Agree that one needs clarity, but how does that differ from
           | my example with the manager and the engineer? The manager
           | also (ideally) learns in time that, when they are more clear,
           | the engineer does the work better.
        
             | skydhash wrote:
             | TLDR: Clarity in software engineering means detailing all
             | the constraints, which no user (apart from lawyers and
             | engineers) usually do, as the real world has constraints
             | that software does not.
             | 
             | The hardware offers so little guarantees that the whole OS
             | job is to offer that. All layers are formal, but usefulness
             | doesn't comes from that. Usefulness comes from a consistent
             | models that embodies a domain. So you have the hardware
             | that has capabilities but no model. Then you add the OS's
             | kernel that will impose a model on the hardware, then you
             | have the system libraries that will further restrict it to
             | a certain domains. Then you have the general libraries that
             | are more useful because they present another perspective.
             | And then you have the application that use this last model
             | according to a certain need.
             | 
             | A good example is that you go from the sound card to the
             | sound subsystem, the the alsa libraries, to pipewire, to an
             | audio player or a media framework like the one in the
             | browser. This particular tower has dozens of engineers that
             | has contributed to it, and most developers only deal with
             | the last layers, but the lesson is that the perspective of
             | a user differs from the building blocks that we have in
             | hand. Software engineering is to reconcile the twos.
             | 
             | So people may know how the things should look or behave on
             | their hand, but they have no idea on what the building
             | blocks on the other hand. It's all abstract. The only thing
             | real is the hardware and the energy powering it. Everything
             | else needs to be specified with code. And in that world
             | that forms the middle layer, there's a lot of rules to
             | follow to make something good, but laws that prevent
             | something bad are little. It's not like physical
             | engineering where there are things you just cannot do.
             | 
             | Just like on a canvas you can draw anything as long as it's
             | inside the boundary of the canvas, you can do anything in
             | software as long as it's inside the boundary of the
             | hardware. OS in personal computers adds a little more
             | restrictions, but it's not a lot. It's basically fantasia
             | in there.
        
             | elasticeel wrote:
             | Do they though? Our do they learn that having a good
             | engineer means they can assign ambiguous tasks and the
             | software developer can reason through good decision making
             | and follow up with clarifying questions.
             | 
             | LLMs need to get better at asking clarifying questions and
             | trying to show the initial solution might not work. Even
             | when they get better at that, this article states that
             | managers not capable of thinking through the answers well
             | enough will fall short and this is the space that
             | developers live in.
        
           | medi8r wrote:
           | There are a lot of people who can't program but can do
           | specifity. Researchers and lawyers for a start. It does widen
           | the pool and there might be suprising people who never coded
           | who can now build. Maybe people previosuly dismissed as not
           | academic or "blue collar".
           | 
           | Paradoxically this may mean there are more jobs for
           | programmer and programmer-likes alike as new cottage
           | industries are born. AI for dentists is coming.
        
         | t_mahmood wrote:
         | A manager is not going to handle all the nitty gritty details,
         | that an engineer knows, fine say, they can ask a LLM to make a
         | web portal.
         | 
         | Does he know about SQL injection? XSS?
         | 
         | Maybe he knows slightly about security stuffs and asks the LLM
         | to make a secure site with all the protection needed. But how
         | the manager knows it works at all? If you figure out there's a
         | issue with your critical part of the software, after your users
         | data are stolen, how bad the fallback is going to be?
         | 
         | How good a tool is also depends on who's using it. Managers are
         | not engineers obviously unless he was an engineer before
         | becoming a manager, but you are saying engineers are not
         | needed. So, where's the engineer manager is going to come from?
         | I'm sure we're not growing them in some engineering trees
        
           | skydhash wrote:
           | It's like saying "I want a bridge" and then expect steel
           | beams and cables to appear (or planks and ropes) and that's
           | all you need. The user needs are usually clear enough (they
           | need a way to cross that body of water or that chasm), but
           | the how is the real catch.
           | 
           | In the real world, the materials are visible so people have a
           | partial understanding on how it gets done. But most of the
           | software world is invisible and has no material constraints
           | other than the hardware (you can't use RAM that is not
           | there). If the hardware is like a blank canvas, a standard
           | web framework is like a draw by the numbers book (but one
           | with lines drawn by a pencil so you can erase it easily).
           | Asking the user to code with LLM is like asking a blind to
           | draw the Mona Lisa with a brick.
        
           | edgyquant wrote:
           | There are already companies that exist to audit the security
           | of codebases programmatically so this will just be part of
           | the flow
        
         | empath75 wrote:
         | I spent the last two weeks at work building a whole system to
         | deploy automated claude code agents in response to events and
         | even before i finished it was already doing useful work and now
         | it is automatically handling jira tickets and making PRs.
        
         | ajshahH wrote:
         | > And it can fill in the missing details and disambiguate the
         | others.
         | 
         | Are you suggesting "And Claude, make no mistakes" works?
         | 
         | Because otherwise you need an expert operating the thing. Yes,
         | it can answer questions, but you need to know what exactly to
         | ask.
         | 
         | > This has been known to be possible for decades, as
         | (simplifying a bit) the (non-technical) manager can order the
         | engineer in natural, ambiguous language what to do and they
         | will do it
         | 
         | I have yet to see vibe coding work like this. Even expert devs
         | with LLMs get incorrect output. Anytime you have to correct
         | your prompt, that's why your argument fails.
        
           | mexicocitinluez wrote:
           | I truly believe that people that see entire, non-trivial
           | applications being bult without serious human intervention
           | have not in fact worked on non-trivial applications.
           | 
           | And while these tools can be invaluable in some cases, I
           | still don't know how we get from "Hazy requirements where the
           | user doesn't know what they even want" to "Production-ready
           | apps built at the finger-tips of the PM".
           | 
           | Another really important detail people keep missing is that
           | we have to make thousands of micro-decisions along the way to
           | build up a cohesive experience to the user. LLM's haven't
           | really shown they're great at not building assumptions into
           | code. In fact, they're really bad at it.
           | 
           | Lastly, do people not realize how easy it to so convince an
           | LLM of something that isn't true or vice versa? i love these
           | tools but even I find myself trying to steer it into the
           | direction that makes sense to me, not the direction that
           | makes sense generally.
        
         | mexicocitinluez wrote:
         | > All the other attempts failed because they were just mindless
         | conversions of formal languages to formal languages.
         | 
         | This is just categorically false.
         | 
         | No-code tools didn't fail because they were "mindless
         | conversions of formal languages to formal languages". They
         | failed because the people who were supposed to benefit the most
         | (non-developers) neither had the time nor desire to build stuff
         | in the first place.
        
       | ryanjshaw wrote:
       | Until a year ago I believed as the author did. Then LLMs got to
       | the point where they sit in meetings like I do, make notes like I
       | do, have a memory like I do, and their context window is
       | expanding.
       | 
       | Only issue I saw after a month of building something complex from
       | scratch with Opus 4.6 is poor adherence to high-level design
       | principles and consistency. This can be solved with expert
       | guardrails, I believe.
       | 
       | It won't be long before AI employees are going to join daily
       | standup and deliver work alongside the team with other users in
       | the org not even realizing or caring that it's an AI "staff
       | member".
       | 
       | It won't be much longer after that when they will start to tech
       | lead those same teams.
        
         | Roark66 wrote:
         | After 2 years of using all of these tools (Claude C, Gemini
         | cli, opencode with all models available) I can tell you it is a
         | huge enabler, but you have to provide these "expert guardrails"
         | by monitoring every single deliverable.
         | 
         | For someone who is able to design an end to end system by
         | themselves these tools offer a big time saving, but they come
         | with dangers too.
         | 
         | Yesterday I had a mid dev in my team proudly present a Web tool
         | he "wrote" in python (to be run on local host) that runs
         | kubectl in the background and presents things like versions of
         | images running in various namespaces etc. It looked very slick,
         | I can already imagine the product managers asking for it to be
         | put on the network.
         | 
         | So what's the problem? For one, no threading whatsoever, no
         | auth, all queries run in a single thread and on and on. A
         | maintenance nightmare waiting to happen. That is a risk of a
         | person that knows something, but not enough building tools by
         | themselves.
        
           | ryanjshaw wrote:
           | Yup. I'm not expert so maybe I'm completely off base, but if
           | I were OpenAI or Anthropic I'd likely just hire 1000 highly
           | skilled engineers across multiple disciplines, tell them to
           | build something in their domain of expertise, then critique
           | the model's output, iteratively work on guardrails for a
           | month or two until the model one-shots the problem, and
           | package that into the new release.
        
             | LiamPowell wrote:
             | That's exactly what they are doing via dataannotation.tech
             | and other services.
        
           | kopirgan wrote:
           | Any comments on how the copyright issues are handled in
           | corporate settings? I mean both in terms of staying clear of
           | lawsuit+ ensuring what we produce remains safe from copying
        
         | bakugo wrote:
         | I've been hearing this for several years. How much longer is
         | "it won't be long"?
        
           | bluGill wrote:
           | I've heard the same "it won't be long" from UML and 4GL -
           | until the industry finally gave up. Both of those are still
           | used a lot in industry and they do well in their place, but
           | nobody pretends they will ever be everything to everyone
           | anymore.
        
         | symfrog wrote:
         | The closer you get to releasing software, the less useful LLMs
         | become. They tend to go into loops of 'Fixed it!' without
         | having fixed anything.
         | 
         | In my opinion, attempting to hold the hand of the LLM via
         | prompts in English for the 'last mile' to production ready code
         | runs into the fundamental problem of ambiguity of natural
         | languages.
         | 
         | From my experience, those developers that believe LLMs are good
         | enough for production are either building systems that are not
         | critical (e.g. 80% is correct enough), or they do not have the
         | experience to be able to detect how LLM generated code would
         | fail in production beyond the 'happy path'.
        
           | empath75 wrote:
           | This is not my experience with claude code. It does forget
           | big picture things but if you scope your changes well it's
           | fine.
        
             | symfrog wrote:
             | I would estimate that out of every 200 lines of code that
             | Claude Code produces, I notice at least 1 issue that would
             | cause severe problems in production.
             | 
             | In my opinion these discussions should include MREs
             | (minimal reproducible examples) in the form of prompts to
             | ground the discussion.
             | 
             | For example, take this prompt and put it into Claude Code,
             | can you see the problematic ways it is handling
             | transactions?
             | 
             | ---
             | 
             | The invoicing system is being merged into the core system
             | that uses Postgres as its database. The core system has a
             | table for users with columns user_id, username,
             | creation_date . The invoicing data is available in a json
             | file with columns user_id, invoice_id, amount, description.
             | 
             | The data is too big to fit in memory.
             | 
             | Your role is to create a Python program that creates a
             | table for the invoices in Postgres and then inserts the
             | data from the json file. Users will be accessing the system
             | while the invoices are being inserted.
             | 
             | ---
        
               | edgyquant wrote:
               | What he's saying is split this up into multiple tasks to
               | create the table, insert the data etc
        
               | cmiles74 wrote:
               | Isn't that the hard part? If the tasks are small enough
               | and well defined, where's the win over just writing the
               | code right there and then?
        
               | empath75 wrote:
               | Well claude can also refine it into smaller tasks and
               | that's where you can fix those major problems in
               | production issues.
        
               | flagos10 wrote:
               | You can use an LLM to generate that list of tasks.
        
               | snackerblues wrote:
               | And how does a new grad that's never actually programmed
               | know whether that list of tasks makes sense?
        
               | zozbot234 wrote:
               | And that's why you ask for a high level plan for
               | something like that _before_ you let the agent write any
               | code. Then you review the plan for flaws, revise it, and
               | prompt the system to fill out more details for each step.
               | Repeat as necessary. Yes it 's slow, but it's the best
               | way of using this "glorified autocomplete" to ease and
               | speed up real work.
        
               | snackerblues wrote:
               | People that have never written their own code won't know
               | what the flaws are.
        
             | ajshahH wrote:
             | Yes, but knowing how to scope your changes requires a lot
             | of expertise.
        
           | Tanjreeve wrote:
           | The amount of "apps" I've had dumped on my team that are
           | everything from un-releasable to deployed on some random
           | shit-cloud we haven't approved (vercel comes up a lot). If
           | you needed hand holding to release things or had to throw
           | software over the fence to others to "productionise" etc then
           | you probably don't know what you're talking about.
        
         | geraneum wrote:
         | > poor adherence to high-level design principles and
         | consistency. This can be solved with expert guardrails, I
         | believe.
         | 
         | That's a bit... handwavy...!
        
         | cmiles74 wrote:
         | I can take a verbal description from a meeting with five to ten
         | people and put together something they can interact with in two
         | weeks. That is _a lot_ slower than Claude Code! Yet everywhere
         | I've worked, this is more than fast enough.
         | 
         | Over two more weeks I can work with those same five to ten
         | people (who often disagree or have different goals) and get a
         | first draft of a feature or small, targeted product together.
         | In those latter two weeks, writing code isn't what takes time;
         | working through what people think they mean verses what they
         | are actually saying, mediating one group of them to another
         | when they disagree (or mostly agree) is the work. And then,
         | after that, we introduce a customer. Along the way I learn to
         | become something of an expert in whatever the thing is and
         | continue to grow the product, handing chunks of responsibility
         | to other developers at which point it turns into a real thing.
         | 
         | I work with AI tooling and leverage AI as part of products,
         | where it makes sense. There are parts of this cycle where it is
         | helpful and time saving, but it certainly can't replace me. It
         | can speed up coding in the first version but, today, I end up
         | going back and rewriting chunks and, so far, that eats up the
         | wins. The middle bit it clearly can't do, and even at the end
         | when changes are more directed it tends toward weirdly
         | complicated solutions that aren't really practical.
        
       | Havoc wrote:
       | History reviews is not a great way to approach ground breaking
       | tech
        
         | forgetfreeman wrote:
         | We have yet to invent ground breaking tech that transcends
         | either human nature or the banal depravity that stems from the
         | profit motive at scale. Prior history of major tech innovations
         | therefore may have some insight to offer regarding expected
         | outcomes of the current hype wave around AI. The notion that
         | technology so cleanly breaks from underlying social paradigms
         | as to be wholly unpredictable is one of the tech industries
         | most persistently naive and destructive mythologies.
        
         | elcapitan wrote:
         | "Not learning from history because the present is the present"
         | is a pretty accurate description of the world in 2026, at
         | least.
        
         | g947o wrote:
         | You are not going to stop people from reading into history,
         | ever. If anything, people need to learn more about what
         | happened in the past.
        
       | helsinkiandrew wrote:
       | I'd say that the article left out Software Reuse - talked a lot
       | more about in the late 90's early 00's than now.
       | 
       | You could argue that coding with LLM's is a form of software
       | reuse, that removes some of its disadvantages.
        
         | bluGill wrote:
         | If you have been in the industry for a few decades you will be
         | able to think of several hundred "silver bullets" that made
         | great promises - some even turned out to be great ideas, but
         | none where the 10x revolution that they promised.
         | 
         | The article is a good summary of major movements through the
         | decades without so much that whole point is lost in the
         | details. I would have put in a slightly different set of things
         | if I wanted to write that article, but the point would still
         | stand and I would leave out many things that could be put in
         | but would be too much noise.
        
         | zozbot234 wrote:
         | It's talked about a lot now, too - that's ultimately what is
         | meant by such terms as Software Bill Of Materials (SBOM).
        
           | richm44 wrote:
           | SBOMs are more an attempt to solve some of the problems
           | introduced by software reuse.
           | https://archive.fosdem.org/2025/schedule/track/sbom/ has some
           | interesting talks about the successes and failures of them.
        
       | jleyank wrote:
       | Developers are "unwanted overhead" until the customer money
       | threatens to walk out the door. They're going to damage their
       | future products and probably reduce their customer base (fewer
       | consumers) and then sit there looking like gaffed fish when the
       | budget ink turns red. "Who would have thought..."
       | 
       | Don't facilitate losing your job.
        
         | marginalia_nu wrote:
         | Funny part is we've already had this exact thing happen with
         | outsourcing. It sure _looked_ like a bargain until you got to
         | such pesky details as correctness and maintainability.
        
           | iugtmkbdfil834 wrote:
           | I am starting to think it is a part of the management cycle.
           | They new batch feels confident they can do X so they have to
           | re-learn, while inflicting ridiculous amount of pain the
           | process.
           | 
           | Two years ago, one former exec at my place was perfectly
           | happy to throw resources ( his word ) from India at a
           | problem, while unwilling to pay the vendor for the same
           | thing. I voiced my objection once, but after it was dismissed
           | I just watched the thing blow up.
           | 
           | I am not saying current situation is the same. It is not.
           | But, it is the same hubris, which means miscalculations will
           | happen ( like with Dorsey's Block mass firing ).
        
             | Bridged7756 wrote:
             | History truly repeats itself. C-suites will forever be the
             | source of stupid decisions in our profession.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | C-suites are the source of all the important decisions,
               | both the great ones and the stupid ones. The great people
               | in the C-suite have figured out how to get advice from
               | people who are below them and not "yes-men" to tell them
               | what to decide - but right or wrong the buck stops there.
        
           | Johanx64 wrote:
           | For quite a while i was thinking how we're in the phase one:
           | mountains of unmaintainable garbage code being generated...
           | and once the shit hits the fan, some maintainability ceiling
           | gets reached - "the real programmers" will be summoned to
           | clean up and deal with this shit.
           | 
           | Now I've come to realize the error in my ways, this is
           | probably not going to happen. What will happen is instead is
           | that the ones doing the "shuffling of shit" is just going to
           | also be agents themselves. Prompted by a more senior slop-
           | grammer specialized in orchestrating "shuffling of shit".
        
             | marginalia_nu wrote:
             | You still have to ship a product though.
             | 
             | This task was famously incredibly difficult back when we
             | had people producing unmaintainable mountains of millions
             | of lines of code, to the point where shipping _anything_
             | sizable in a working state on time without last minute
             | scope reductions is nearly unheard of.
             | 
             | I can't imagine using AI to add another one to two zeroes
             | to the lines of code counter would help reach the goal
             | post.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | Testing to ensure the product works as expected is more
               | than half of the product development labor if you want a
               | quality product. This includes time spends on things like
               | the mandatory "anti-harassment" training any competent HR
               | is forcing you to once in a while even though not related
               | to product delivery (or so I hope - some should be fired
               | for the problems you are causing by not living that
               | training)
               | 
               | LLMs can write a lot of code. they can even write a
               | comprehensive test suite for that code. However they
               | can't tell you if it doesn't work because of some
               | interaction with something else you didn't think about.
               | They can't tell you that all race conditions are really
               | fixed (despite being somewhat good at tracking them down
               | when known). They can't tell you that the program doesn't
               | work because it doesn't do something critical that nobody
               | thought to write into the requirements until you noticed
               | it was missing.
        
             | iugtmkbdfil834 wrote:
             | SOS.. i just got it.
        
       | kopirgan wrote:
       | Wow it mentions practically every flavour of the month technology
       | that was supposed to make it drag and drop to make useful
       | programs
       | 
       | I recall Power builder in particular it was the rage.
        
       | manoDev wrote:
       | There are two ways to look at it:
       | 
       | - Software engineering is a cost center, they are middlemen
       | between the C-level ideas and a finished product.
       | 
       | - Software engineering is about figuring out how to automate a
       | problem, exploring the domain, defining context, tradeoffs, and
       | unlocking new capabilities in the process
        
         | nz wrote:
         | Quasi-relevant excerpt from an odd essay (footnotes and
         | references omitted).
         | 
         | ``` My own eyes spent countless nights observing, with
         | curiosity and wonder and delight, the responses of a computer,
         | as I commanded it with code, like a sorcerer casting spells. I
         | could not have known, that this obedient machine, this silicon
         | golem, was also, slowly and imperceptibly, enchanting me, and
         | changing how my eyes would see.
         | 
         | At the time^21 , I was a mere fifteen years old, young enough,
         | so that the gravity of life was weak enough, and the mind
         | nimble enough, to allow me to explore without any material
         | justification.
         | 
         | The computer was the believed and I was the believer.
         | 
         | A consequence of becoming obsessed^22 with computer
         | programming, is that one starts to see new metaphors,
         | algorithmic metaphors, everywhere one looks. This new
         | metaphorical lense, belongs entirely to the third eye. Without
         | this lense, I would look at a traffic jam, and see a traffic
         | jam. With the lense, I would look at a traffic jam, and wonder
         | if, and to what extent, the latency-throughput trade-off^23 was
         | true for highways. Without the lense, I would read about social
         | theory, and simply see the words. With the lense, I would ask
         | if society was, a tree^24 , a graph^25, a tree of graphs, or a
         | graph of trees^26.
         | 
         | To generalize, the computer programmer looks at something, and
         | asks, _is this thing an algorithm, and if so, what kind_ ? The
         | entire _trade_ of com-puter programming, it revolves around
         | this question, around the discovery of metaphors that
         | fit^27[13][14].
         | 
         | It is thus little surprise, when a computer programmer asks if
         | (or sometimes asserts that) a certain kind of algorithm^28 is
         | intelligence^29 , consciousness, or both.
         | 
         | The entire ritual of computer programming, is similar to the
         | trade, in that it involves discovering metaphors, not as a
         | means to an end, but as their own end. This ritual is difficult
         | to explain to someone who has never practiced it. Imagine,
         | instead of trying to find metaphors that bridge the real to the
         | algorithmic, one tries to find metaphors that bridge the
         | algorithmic to itself.
         | 
         | It is very similar to what mathematicians do, but it requires
         | writing programs in a very principled and abstract way^30 .
         | 
         | This ritual, unlike the ritual of writing, and unlike the
         | ritual of mathemat-ics, has a dominant material component (the
         | computer) which can make your code, in addition to an
         | _imaginary_ experience, a _material_ experience^31 . This makes
         | the computer a medium -- an artificial oracle or artificial
         | hallucinogen -- that can safely imagine the unimaginable. And
         | like the oracle, the computer exists to provide insight^32.
         | 
         | Without the ritual of programming, there would be no field of
         | chaos the-ory, nor complex systems (very important for
         | economics and environmental sciences), and _certainly_ no
         | elaborate fractals. Pure mathematics could only scratch the
         | surface, because the mathematical ideas, of the mid 20th
         | century, that our imaginations could access, were insufficient
         | for exploring these sys-tems. Computers allow us, not unlike
         | microscopes and telescopes, to magnify the informational
         | dimension of nature [17].
         | 
         | Computers, and the arcane programming languages that make them
         | obey, are magic machines, that created a new interaction
         | between, two elements of the human psychic triad, the
         | immaterial and material.
         | 
         | What is this triad, and what is its third element? The concept
         | of the triad appears so frequently, in recorded human thought,
         | and in the structure of language, that it is either some kind
         | of adaptive ideal^33 , or a consequence of language itself^34,
         | if not both. Pythagoras called _three_ perfection itself. Plato
         | divided the world into three parts. And, even today, our modern
         | shamans and sages, use triads to discuss the universe.
         | 
         | Roger Penrose has a traid consisting of physical, platonic, and
         | mind. Lacan has a triad consisting of real, symbolic, and
         | imaginary. Plato has a triad of good, truth, and beauty. Of the
         | three, Lacan's naming is the most self-explanatory.
         | 
         | In this essay, the _material_ is the real, and the _immaterial_
         | is the other two.
         | 
         | The _trade_ of programming is driven by the _real_, while the
         | _ritual_ of pro-gramming is driven by the _imaginary_. A trade
         | is pursued because of real, material concerns (such as covering
         | the cost of living), while a ritual is pur-sued because of
         | imaginary concerns -- concerns that can, more precisely, be
         | called _aesthetic_. ```
        
           | ahsteele wrote:
           | Did you write this? Do you have a link to the entire essay? I
           | enjoyed the excerpt.
        
             | nz wrote:
             | Yes, I wrote this, and you can find an intro/context to the
             | _UNFINISHED_[1] essay here
             | (https://www.galacticbeyond.com/a-bridge-to-everywhere/),
             | with a link to the PDF at the bottom.
             | 
             | [1]: what you see is the first 5% of the essay, based on
             | the notes that never made it in. Many topics are untouched,
             | such as cults, caves, imagination, conspiracy, paranoia,
             | fear, wakefulness, blindness, hallucinations, altering
             | consciousness, notations, etc. And other topics are
             | mentioned but not explored deeply (taoism, buddhism,
             | prophecy, trust+belief[2], mnemonics, dreams, metaphors,
             | etc). So it's mostly setup, with planned payoffs and
             | epiphanies in the latter unwritten parts[3]. And some of
             | the transitions between topics are in need of deburring.
             | 
             | [2]: note that many languages use the same word for trust
             | and belief. In Indo-European languages, the root is the
             | same root as tree and true. Relevant to the unwritten parts
             | of the essay.
             | 
             | [3]: so you'll just have to imagine the unwritten parts,
             | until I actually get around to writing them ;)
        
               | svilen_dobrev wrote:
               | very interesting. esp. The "imagine the unwritten parts"
               | :) For a long-time not seen anything letting me such
               | freedom
               | 
               | May i suggest two/3 more/other directions to glance at?
               | 
               | - Strugatsky brothers - in "Snail on the slope" [1],
               | chapter 3, (about page 11 in original) Peretz talks about
               | _understanding_...  "Proshche poverit', chem poniat'.
               | Proshche razocharovat'sia, chem poniat'. Proshche
               | pliunut', chem poniat'. " -- in my flaky translation,
               | "it's simpler to believe than to understand. it's simpler
               | to get disappointed than to understand. it's simpler to
               | spit than to understand". Have a look
               | 
               | - Pirsig's MoQ metaphysics of quality
               | 
               | - the mean-ings of word "mean"
               | 
               | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snail_on_the_Slope
        
       | simonw wrote:
       | I recently stumbled upon this delightfully titled book from 1982,
       | "Application development without programmers":
       | https://archive.org/details/applicationdevel00mart
       | 
       | Which includes this excellent line:
       | 
       | > Unfortunately, the winds of change are sometimes irreversible.
       | The continuing drop in cost of computers has now passed the point
       | at which computers have become cheaper than people. The number of
       | programmers available _per computer_ is shrinking so fast that
       | most computers in the future will have to work at least in part
       | without programmers.
        
         | YeGoblynQueenne wrote:
         | They do. Servers, smartphones, most embedded systems, don't
         | need an "operator" as in the past. Your source was probably
         | thinking of that kind of "programmer".
        
         | wincy wrote:
         | In 1989 or so the man who later became my programming teacher
         | at community college night school was at a party and a man who
         | he knew came up to him and told him he was a programmer now
         | too!
         | 
         | This confused my teacher as he knew this guy wasn't super
         | technical, and asked him more about it. I may have the details
         | not exactly right but the man said something like "I use lotus
         | notes every day!"
         | 
         | The word programmer had a very different meaning 40 years ago.
        
           | voxl wrote:
           | What makes you think that trend won't continue? In the
           | Myspace era people constantly said "oh I know some html", now
           | we will have people saying "oh I can make LLMs generate
           | python"
           | 
           | Writing software has always been a skill with no ceiling.
           | Writing software can be literally equivalent to doing
           | research level mathematics. It can also be changing colors on
           | a webpage. This is why I have never been worried about LLMs
           | taking software jobs, but it is possible they will require
           | the level of skill to be employable to spike.
        
         | chihuahua wrote:
         | I guess the idea that a programmer can create software that
         | then runs on multiple computers would have blown their mind.
        
           | tralarpa wrote:
           | VisiCalc was published in 1979.
        
       | PeterWhittaker wrote:
       | One important and often overlooked democratization is spreadsheet
       | formulas: non-programmers began programming without knowing they
       | were, and without concern for error and edge cases. I cannot find
       | the reference right now, but I recall seeing years ago articles
       | about how mistakes in spreadsheet formulae were costing millions
       | or more.
       | 
       | I see an analog with AI-generated code: the disciplined among us
       | know we are programming and consider error and edge cases, the
       | rest don't.
       | 
       | Will the AIs get good enough so they/we won't have to? Or will
       | people realize they are programming and discipline up?
        
         | simonw wrote:
         | I often think about how the modern world genuinely does run on
         | Excel formulas, many written by amateurs, most without
         | automated tests and with version control based on
         | final_final_v2 suffixes.
         | 
         | Somehow civilization continues to function!
         | 
         | Makes me a bit less terrified that untested vibe coded slop
         | will sink the economy. It's not that different from how things
         | work already.
        
           | ryanmcl wrote:
           | There's a third category emerging that I think gets
           | overlooked in these discussions = people who couldn't program
           | at all before, who now can. Not replacing programmers, but
           | creating new ones.
           | 
           | I started coding 8 months ago at 45 with zero experience. I
           | now have a production app processing real payments. That was
           | genuinely impossible for someone like me before AI
           | assistance. Not because I lacked the ability to think through
           | problems, but because the skill floor was too high to clear
           | while also being a parent with no spare years to invest.
           | 
           | The spreadsheet analogy is apt. Most of those amateur
           | spreadsheets aren't replacing finance teams; they're solving
           | small problems that would otherwise go unsolved. That's
           | closer to what's happening with AI-assisted development, I
           | feel, than the "eliminate programmers" framing suggests.
        
             | PeterWhittaker wrote:
             | Thoroughly insightful take!
        
             | simonw wrote:
             | Congratulations. This is my favorite aspect of this whole
             | thing: LLM tooling that's helping new people break into
             | programming by lowering the friction and learning curve.
        
             | GuB-42 wrote:
             | The thing is that programming is not an end goal, it is a
             | means to a end. No one is paying you to "write code", they
             | are paying you to make a website shat serves as a
             | storefront, to make a video game, something for
             | accounting,...
             | 
             | It turns out that in many of these cases, code is an
             | effective way of doing it, but there may be other options.
             | For a storefront, there are website builders that let you
             | do it very effectively if your needs match one of their
             | templates, there are game engines that require no code, and
             | a lot of accounting can be done in Excel.
             | 
             | What I wanted to say is that maybe you could have done
             | without code, but thanks to LLMs making code a viable
             | option even for beginners, that's what you went for. In
             | fact, vibe coding is barely even coding in the strictest
             | sense of writing something in a programming language, since
             | you are using natural language and code is just an
             | intermediate step that you can see.
             | 
             | The reason programmers use programming languages is not
             | gatekeeping, unlike what many people who want to "eliminate
             | programmers" think. It is that programming languages are
             | very good at what they do, they are precise, unambiguous,
             | concise and expressive. Alternatives like natural languages
             | or graphical tools lack some of these attributes and
             | therefore may not work as well. Like with many advanced
             | tools, there is a learning curve, but once you reach a
             | certain point, like when you intend to make it your job, it
             | is worth it.
        
               | intelVISA wrote:
               | Good lord, thank you. I'm a huge fan of LLMs, they've
               | replaced enormous amounts of toil for me but they are not
               | 'my job'.
               | 
               | If you walk to the kitchen and fry up an egg are you now
               | a master chef? What's the difference between a surgeon
               | and a butcher ...they both cut things?
               | 
               | Most shops never really needed development expertise in-
               | house as there's no shortage of many decent tools equally
               | suitable as code for getting machines to do most business
               | things.
               | 
               | In some ways this is worse because while it's
               | functionally the same black box intermediary as the
               | alternative-to-code tools there's an illusion of control
               | and more sunk cost. Do you want your sales team selling
               | or learning JavaScript churning out goofy knock-offs for
               | a well-solved problem?
        
           | guitarbill wrote:
           | One counter-example is the Horizon IT scandal. Obviously, you
           | didn't say this directly, but "only a few people died/were
           | affected, somehow civilization continues to function" maybe
           | isn't the best argument.
        
             | simonw wrote:
             | Sure, that scandal was horrific. I don't think the root
             | cause was amateurs with bad spreadsheets.
             | 
             | It was an institutional failure, and the software involved
             | had hundreds of millions of pounds spent on it and was
             | built by supposed professionals.
        
               | guitarbill wrote:
               | Sure, we can ignore that specific example, and that
               | software has an effect on the world, and that people have
               | been trained to expect software to be deterministic and
               | accurate.
               | 
               | Or if you want compare vibe coding with any technology,
               | like electricity. Sure, that one person got electrocuted
               | or their house burned down. But it's just so useful, and
               | "somehow civilization continues to function". I guess
               | they should've known better.
               | 
               | I'm personally not comfortable hyping up the benefits
               | whilst ignoring the risks, especially for lay people.
        
               | krisoft wrote:
               | > we can ignore that specific example
               | 
               | We are not ignoring it. It is just not an example of a
               | load bearing excel sheet.
        
               | richm44 wrote:
               | Try this https://theconversation.com/the-reinhart-rogoff-
               | error-or-how...
        
           | SteveNuts wrote:
           | > Makes me a bit less terrified that untested vibe coded slop
           | will sink the economy.
           | 
           | The difference is those spreadsheets were buried on a company
           | internal fileshare and the blast radius would be contained to
           | that organization.
           | 
           | Today vibe coders can type a prompt, click a button, and
           | their thing is exposed directly to the internet and ready to
           | suck up any data someone uploads.
        
         | hearsathought wrote:
         | > non-programmers began programming without knowing they were
         | 
         | Using excel in the traditional sense isn't the same as
         | programming. Unless they were doing some VBA or something like
         | that which the vast majority of excel/spreadsheet users don't.
         | 
         | > spreadsheet formulae
         | 
         | formulas. We aren't speaking latin here.
         | 
         | > I see an analog with AI-generated code: the disciplined among
         | us know we are programming and consider error and edge cases,
         | the rest don't.
         | 
         | Programming isn't really about edge cases or errors.
        
           | SoftTalker wrote:
           | Excel was the biggest example of a "4GL" that actually
           | succeeded. They mentioned Access but Excel was by far more
           | widely used. Excel enabled analysts to do so much on their
           | own that they used to have to ask programmers in their IT
           | department to do. Other spreadsheets too, at first, but Excel
           | ended up dominating.
        
           | PeterWhittaker wrote:
           | > formulas. We aren't speaking latin here.
           | 
           | Define "here", please! Perhaps your "here" and mine differ,
           | but the view from my here is that while all three plurals are
           | generally acceptable, formulae is the correcter double plus
           | good spelling for this context.
        
         | nurettin wrote:
         | > began programming without knowing they were
         | 
         | Worse, they were doing functional programming just by chaining
         | formulas without side effects, surpassing the skills of most
         | self-proclaimed programmers out there.
        
         | analog31 wrote:
         | I have a feeling that the cost of bad / inefficient / late
         | software runs into at least the billions. The biggest risks are
         | unavoidably attached to the most costly software projects, that
         | are probably the most likely to be conducted in the most
         | sophisticated and professional fashion with the latest silver
         | bullet methodologies.
         | 
         |  _The Mythical Man Month_ is just over half a century old, yet
         | still reads like it was written yesterday.
        
       | shiandow wrote:
       | LLMs seem quite successful when considered something like a
       | natural langiage interface, but expecting intelligence seems a
       | step too far. For one they do not learn, at least not online, and
       | that is a somewhat important requirement for truly intelligent
       | behaviour.
       | 
       | Arguably programming is as much learning as it is writing code.
       | This is part of the reason some people copy an entire API and
       | don't realise they're not so much building useful code as
       | building an understanding.
        
         | nz wrote:
         | In some sense, programming is about figuring out which
         | algorithms are a fitting metaphor for business problems. By
         | programming, you are building a model of the business problem
         | and a model of its solution. Most of the non-programmers who
         | are in positions of authority (managers, CEOs, even some CTOs),
         | do not understand that this is what programmers do. From their
         | point of view, the authorities come up with a "strategy", after
         | dozens of meetings, and give the programmers vague instructions
         | based on the strategy, and programmers turn those instructions
         | into code that does something somewhere, usually after finding
         | ways to avoid bad or unfeasible ideas, while still complying
         | with the instructions.
         | 
         | To them, an LLM is indistinguishable from a programmer. From
         | the point of view of authority, progress happens one meeting at
         | a time. The reality is that there is a pyramid of experts
         | beneath the authorities, that keep everything running smoothly,
         | in spite of the best attempts of the authorities to demolish
         | the foundation of the pyramid by "helping".
         | 
         | EDIT: to end on a positive note, it does not have to be this
         | way. We just have to be willing to understand _how_ the
         | organization we are a part of actually functions. And that
         | means actually being curious instead of merely authoritative. I
         | understand that curiosity is hard to maintain when you swim
         | with sharks, so maybe don't swim with sharks.
        
       | hnlmorg wrote:
       | I remember being in my early 20s, learning C and Pascal, and
       | having this one kid telling me I was learning dead languages and
       | he'd earn 3 times more than me leaning 4GL as well as himself
       | being 3 times smarter than everyone else too.
       | 
       | The only reason I remember this encounter so clearly was because
       | he got rather annoyed, to the point of being aggressive, when I
       | pointed out that most of the computing landscape was built on C
       | and this wasn't going to change any time soon.
       | 
       | Multiple decades later, and C-derived languages still rule the
       | world. I do sometimes wonder if his opinion mellowed with time.
        
       | pixelsort wrote:
       | > There is every reason to believe that those who invest in deep
       | understanding will continue to be valuable, regardless of what
       | tools emerge.
       | 
       | I don't take issue with this, except that it's a false comfort
       | when when you consider the demand will naturally ebb and
       | individual workload will naturally escalate. In that light, I
       | find it downright dishonest because the rewards for attaining
       | deep knowledge will continue to evaporate; necessitating AI-
       | assistance.
       | 
       | The reason is it different this time around is because the
       | capabilities of LLMs have incentivized the professional class to
       | betray the institutions that enabled their specializations. I am
       | talking about the amazing minds at Adobe, Figma, and the FAANGS
       | who are bridging agentic reasoners and diffusion models with
       | domain-specific needs of their respective professional users.
       | 
       | Humans are class of beings, and the humans accelerating the
       | advance of AI in creative tools are the reason that things are
       | different this time. We have class traitors among us this time,
       | and they're "just doing their jobs". For most, willful disbelief
       | isn't even a factor. They think they're helping while each PR
       | just brings them closer to unemployment.
        
         | nz wrote:
         | Most of these "class traitors" live in high cost of living
         | areas, and for them, the choice is "become unemployed within
         | two weeks for not complying", or "become unemployed within a
         | few years for complying". They are being betrayed by the
         | shareholder class, and they in turn are betraying their
         | customers and their species.
         | 
         | The only thing that we can do is to not make it worth their
         | time in the long run. Don't let greed and fear slide. Don't
         | hate someone for choosing their family and comfort over your
         | own, hate the system that forces them to make that choice. Hold
         | them accountable, but attack the system, instead of its
         | hostages and victims.
        
           | pixelsort wrote:
           | The level of compliance and enthusiasm varies. Some believe
           | they are making the world a better place. Some feel they're
           | adding value but suspect they are trapped within a cycle they
           | refuse to examine. Some are more connected to the truth, and
           | comply willingly but resentfully.
           | 
           | Where you fall depends on where you work and what you work
           | on.
           | 
           | You make a great points about the chain of accountability.
           | But, in my opinion, working professionals are the only agents
           | in the system with the potential to realize their own
           | culpability and divert their actions.
           | 
           | Perhaps, it isn't fair to point to them and call them
           | traitors. Still, they are the only ones with enough agency to
           | potentially organize and collectively push for the kind of
           | ethics that could save us all.
        
         | zozbot234 wrote:
         | Bridging software with domain-specific needs of its
         | professional users is nothing new: that _is_ how domain-
         | specific professional software gets built. What is new is that
         | the people doing this are being referred to hysterically as
         | "class traitors", when the improvements they're working on will
         | bring massive and widely available benefits to professionals
         | the world over.
        
           | pixelsort wrote:
           | While the desire is not new, advancements in LLMs and
           | diffusion models have made this sort of bridging effective
           | and attractive to an unprecedented degree.
           | 
           | Those massively and widely available benefits will continue
           | to deflate the value of human intelligence until even most of
           | innovators currently working on them lose their seats at the
           | table too.
        
       | manithree wrote:
       | I remember sitting in a senior seminar class in 1989 full of CS
       | students. We were solemnly informed by a very earnest IBM
       | employee that we would regret having majored in computer science
       | because IBM's CASE tools were going to kill job market. That aged
       | like milk.
       | 
       | Will something come along some day that will actually drastically
       | reduce the need for programmers/developers/software engineers?
       | Maybe. Are we there yet? My LLM experience makes me seriously
       | doubt it.
        
         | aNoob7000 wrote:
         | LOL... I was in the same position. I graduated from high school
         | in 88 and got my first job a couple of years later, working at
         | a small insurance company running IBM AS/400. I had just gotten
         | my job as an operator with a dream of becoming a programmer,
         | and here comes IBM with its CASE tool. I truly thought the
         | world was going to end.
         | 
         | A couple of years later, Microsoft came out with Visual Basic,
         | and I thought, OMG, I'm toast. Secretaries are going to be
         | writing code. I was a developer by this time, writing code in
         | FoxPro and getting into PowerBuilder.
         | 
         | All this to say, "I've been in IT for many years, and companies
         | promise a lot but rarely deliver completely on their promises."
         | Do programmers and others in the tech field need to adapt? Yes.
         | Is AI going to be disruptive to some extent? Yes. Are all jobs
         | going away? No.
        
         | bluGill wrote:
         | A good LLM is a great tool for those who know what they are
         | doing. They can follow some very tedious code paths (if thread
         | 1 is doing this, while thread 4 while thread 2...). However
         | they also can write some really really bad code. They sometimes
         | propose bad solutions/architecture. You need someone knowledge
         | to guide them and keep them on a good path.
         | 
         | Back in the 80's there were ads for tools to "dinosaurs" who
         | everyone looked to when their 4GL language failed to solve the
         | problem.
        
         | antonvs wrote:
         | I attended a CASE tools conference in the 1990s, which of
         | course included a vendor exhibition. The vendors all had demos
         | of creating an application using their tool. At multiple vendor
         | stands I asked to see the code generated by their CASE tool.
         | Invariably, the salespeople would start waffling about how the
         | code was no longer important (sound familiar?), how you didn't
         | need to examine the engine of a car while driving it, and so
         | on. It had a very "pay no attention to the man behind the
         | curtain" feel to it. It convinced me that I didn't need to pay
         | any attention to CASE tools, and history confirmed that.
        
           | SoftTalker wrote:
           | Was a "to do" list the example they used at that time also?
        
       | getnormality wrote:
       | I find it so fundamentally unhinged that people think things will
       | get fully automated to the point that humans no longer matter. We
       | are centuries into the deep automation of certain things, like
       | looms, but people with deep understanding of those things are
       | still needed to guide the automation and keep it working to meet
       | human needs.
       | 
       | To ignore that pattern and say everything's going to be automated
       | and humanity will be irrelevant seems to me to be... more of a
       | death wish against human agency, than a prediction based on
       | reality.
        
         | debo_ wrote:
         | I think people feel that once the pool of humans required to do
         | a thing diminishes to the point that their occupation is rare
         | enough to be invisible, that is essentially the same as "fully
         | automating" it.
         | 
         | I have certainly never met anyone who works in "loom
         | engineering" in my entire life.
        
           | mjevans wrote:
           | Are they a rare artisan rather than a commodity? Maybe a
           | subtype or cross-trained variation of some other wider job
           | role?
        
           | rented_mule wrote:
           | Randomly, I spent an afternoon with a team of loom engineers
           | long ago. In 1989, I took a month-long trip to the USSR.
           | Trips for Americans back then were guided / chaperoned by the
           | Soviet government, with the clear intention of showing off
           | what the Soviet system was capable of. To see their
           | manufacturing prowess, we spent an entire afternoon touring
           | an automated bed-sheet factory and talking with the team that
           | designed and maintained the machines. I don't remember much
           | other than the intense noise and the large number of machines
           | with white cotton sheets coming out.
           | 
           | All the sheets we saw in that factory, and in our hotels,
           | were noticeably thicker and stiffer than American sheets,
           | somewhere between American sheets and denim. When we asked
           | about that, they seemed to feel sorry that we only had thin,
           | flimsy sheets.
        
         | ekidd wrote:
         | > _We are centuries into the deep automation of certain things,
         | like looms, but people with deep understanding of those things
         | are still needed to guide the automation and keep it working to
         | meet human needs._
         | 
         | The difference this time is that the thing they're trying to
         | automate is _intelligence_. The goal is a machine that 's as
         | smart as a Nobel Prize winner or a good CEO, across all fields
         | of human intellectual endeavor, and which works for dollars an
         | hour. The goal is also for this machine to be infinitely
         | copyable for the cost of some GPUs and hard drives.
         | 
         | The next goal after that will be to give that machine _hands_ ,
         | so that it can do any physical labor or troubleshooting a human
         | can do. And again, the goal is for the hands to be cheaper to
         | produce and cheaper to automate than humans.
         | 
         | You may ask yourself, who would need humans in a future where
         | all intellectual and physical tasks can be done better and
         | cheaper by a machine? You may also ask yourself, who would
         | control the machines? You may ask yourself, what leverage would
         | ordinary humans have in a future that no longer needed them for
         | anything? Or perhaps you would not ask those questions.
         | 
         | But this is the future investors are dreaming of, and the
         | future that they're investing trillions of dollars to reach.
         | That's the dream.
        
           | getnormality wrote:
           | This author is pointing out that the fraction of the tech
           | dream du jour that is actually realized is consistently about
           | 1%, so taking tech dreams du jour seriously is guaranteed to
           | give you a false world model. Which is unhelpful and
           | maladaptive, unless perhaps your goal is to make money off of
           | other people with that false world model.
           | 
           | I believe that full automation of the mundanities of human
           | life is coming in the fullness of time. But for that insight
           | to be helpful to me, I have to get the timing right, and the
           | data suggests I should be extremely skeptical about excitable
           | tech guys predicting big things in short time frames.
        
           | benj111 wrote:
           | Talking heads reference?
           | 
           | Part of me thinks that we're already reaching peak
           | stuff/employment/the current system.
           | 
           | We are currently churning out graduates who work in coffee
           | shops. More and more employment is make work. The issue is
           | can we carry on requiring work, making it a moral
           | requirement.
           | 
           | I suspect it'll be like the industrial revolution, when the
           | average labourer moved to a factory in the city living in a
           | slum, they were worse off. It took time for the conditions of
           | the working class to improve.
           | 
           | Basic income is touted as the solution, but then
           | globalisation means workers are moving much more and I'm not
           | sure the 2 are compatible. Not that I have a better idea.
           | 
           | I do think we need a cultural change decoupling work from
           | self worth. It's becoming less and less defensible to require
           | everyone to work to be 'deserving'.
           | 
           | All that being said, there will still be jobs, there will
           | always be demand for hand made, or something that isn't
           | soulless corporatism. Although I'm starting to sound like
           | Star Treks view of the future, which may not achievable
        
             | georgemcbay wrote:
             | > Although I'm starting to sound like Star Treks view of
             | the future, which may not achievable
             | 
             | Also worth noting that even in Star Trek, which is viewed
             | as a utopian vision of the future, the sort of societal
             | changes you are talking about only came after humanity
             | almost wiped itself out in a third world war (which
             | coincidentally happened to start in 2026)
        
             | SoftTalker wrote:
             | > like the industrial revolution, when the average labourer
             | moved to a factory in the city living in a slum, they were
             | worse off.
             | 
             | They actually were better off, which illustrates how bad
             | rural poverty was at that time.
        
       | debo_ wrote:
       | I like the arrogance present in the title. "Eternal promise" in a
       | discipline that was conceived about a century ago.
        
       | antonvs wrote:
       | This topic always reminds me of "The Last One",
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Last_One_(software) :
       | 
       | > "The name derived from the idea that The Last One was the last
       | program that would ever need writing, as it could be used to
       | generate all subsequent software."
       | 
       | That was released in 1981. Spoiler alert: it was not, in fact,
       | the last one.
        
       | bluGill wrote:
       | Something else that really should be mentioned:
       | 
       | Every recession where there was mass lay-offs on programmers (not
       | every recession hits programmers hard), there were many articles
       | saying that whatever that latest thing [see article] was the
       | cause of this and industry is getting rid of programmers they
       | will never need again.
       | 
       | In every case of course "it is the economy stupid". The tools
       | made little difference in the need for programmers. The tools
       | that worked actually increased the need because things you
       | wouldn't even attempt without the tools were now worth hiring
       | extra people to do.
        
       | miljanm wrote:
       | what's wrong with eliminating programmers?
        
       | sfblah wrote:
       | I generally agree that it's difficult and counterproductive to
       | try to eliminate talented programmers who put together the core
       | of systems and set up the patterns that things like LLMs can
       | emulate.
       | 
       | But, the modal programmer at this point is some person who
       | attended a front-end coding bootcamp for a few months and
       | basically just knows how to chain together CSS selectors and
       | React components. I do think these people are in big trouble.
       | 
       | So, while the core, say, 10% of people I think should remain in
       | the system. This 90% periphery of pretty bad programmers will
       | probably need to move on to other jobs.
        
         | designerarvid wrote:
         | During the 90's economic crisis all drafters drawing building
         | blueprints by hand disappeared from the Swedish construction
         | industry. Engineers started using CAD instead
         | 
         | Just one example of how this has happened again and again.
        
         | iugtmkbdfil834 wrote:
         | Oh:D I have a feeling that the bad programmers won't move
         | anywhere. There is one reason for it. Code part is probably the
         | smallest piece while most of the stuff is in getting actual
         | business requirements that worth a lick.
        
           | getnormality wrote:
           | So are you saying that bad programmers play a dual role of
           | attending meetings to get business requirements, in a way
           | that AI cannot do?
        
             | iugtmkbdfil834 wrote:
             | I am saying, having seen stuff implemented that simply does
             | not make sense to anyone with an understanding of the
             | actual situation on the ground, yes. And the funny thing
             | is, it is not even an llm issue. This is a very, very human
             | issue.
        
               | getnormality wrote:
               | So is the actual work of programming is mostly just
               | sitting in meetings where business people and programmers
               | slowly muddle through requirements?
        
               | iugtmkbdfil834 wrote:
               | The actual work happens in the head. I suspect you know
               | this. Now, there is a clear benefit to being able to
               | flatten some of the issues related to coding, but do you
               | _really_ think, any of it can be done without those
               | meetings and muddling through those requirements? At the
               | very least, there needs to be one person that understands
               | what is actually needed.
               | 
               | I mean.. I am ok with you saying saying yes. In a sense,
               | I half expect it. I will be very subtle, I don't believe
               | the issue lies with the tooling ( AI or not ).
        
               | getnormality wrote:
               | I spend an unusually small proportion of my life in
               | meetings, probably an idiosyncratic feature of my job.
               | 
               | My impression is that the main reason most people have so
               | many meetings is because meetings are equated to work. If
               | you are in a meeting, you are at work and you need to
               | work. This is because, in a meeting, everyone is looking
               | at everyone else with the expectation that they are
               | working. But if you are not in a meeting, this
               | expectation doesn't exist, so you are basically not at
               | work and you don't need to work.
               | 
               | In particular, thinking only occurs during meetings. And
               | if it didn't happen during a meeting, it didn't happen.
               | 
               | Call me cynical, but it explains immediately why the vast
               | majority of companies don't tolerate remote work unless
               | they're forced to by a pandemic. Office work means
               | someone could be watching you outside meetings, which
               | causes some work to happen outside of meetings and raises
               | productivity.
        
       | BobBagwill wrote:
       | The potentially cool thing about LLM's is bootstrapping. No
       | matter how much COBOL you wrote, COBOL didn't get better. LLM's
       | can be used to make LLM's (and other software stuff) better.
       | LLM's could be used to create their successor(s).
       | 
       | Of course, in the end, it won't do us humans any good, because
       | when the Singularity AKA Rapture comes, we'll all be converted to
       | Computronium. :-)
        
       | bdcravens wrote:
       | The market however has done a pretty good job of it, especially
       | when it's a developer bull market that suddenly shifts
       | directions. Case in point: late 90s, the mad rush to put warm
       | bodies in chairs for those who could even spell HTML. A few years
       | later, many had left and gone back to selling cars or whatever
       | they did before.
        
       | BobBagwill wrote:
       | If most programming is <em>ShitWork &reg;</em> and most
       | programmers are performing ShitWork and LLM's are good at
       | ShitWork, then most programmers are out of a job. If those
       | programmers can pivot to another non-ShitWork or programming-
       | adjacent function, they can remain employed.
       | 
       | There are bookoo other things people could be doing besides
       | coding YASW [Yet Another Stupid Website].
        
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