[HN Gopher] NASA announces overhaul of Artemis program amid safe...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       NASA announces overhaul of Artemis program amid safety concerns,
       delays
        
       Author : voxadam
       Score  : 166 points
       Date   : 2026-02-27 16:33 UTC (6 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.cbsnews.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.cbsnews.com)
        
       | kwertyoowiyop wrote:
       | Every new story about Artemis gives me even more respect for the
       | Apollo engineers.
        
         | cratermoon wrote:
         | More frequent launches with less ambitious progress per launch
         | makes good sense, and follows the old-school approach used
         | through Apollo to mitigate risk. Having a lunar lander test in
         | earth orbit, for example, is roughly the same mission as Apollo
         | 9, is a good call. Validating everything works together has
         | been a sort of sore spot for the Artemis program.
        
           | mandevil wrote:
           | And even the Apollo 10 mission which went 99.99% of the way
           | from the Earth to the moon, just 15km from the surface (but
           | couldn't have landed on the moon- LM structure was too heavy)
           | was incredibly important step. The sort of thing that people
           | today would want to skip, it doesn't seem flashy or
           | necessary. Why take all the risk of going into lunar orbit
           | and separating the modules (requiring the very first
           | rendezvous not in in Earth orbit) but not actually land on
           | the Moon? It was about getting all of the ground crew proved
           | and worked out, and proving that the rendezvous would work
           | and they could get home, so that the actual landing mission
           | could focus their efforts on just working out the last 15km,
           | confident that all of the other problems were already dealt
           | with. Trying to do all of that in one mission would have been
           | a gigantic mess- A11 crew felt a lack of training time as it
           | was.
        
             | lukeschlather wrote:
             | Orion doesn't seem operationally or financially capable of
             | launching more than once a year. It's not that they don't
             | want to do test flights, it's that they can barely do
             | anything.
        
               | mandevil wrote:
               | Which goes back to the Pork-on-a-stick requirement that
               | everything be about keeping the workers still employed.
        
         | bamboozled wrote:
         | I'd say we'll look back in a few decades and recognise the
         | Apollo programs as the peak of the USA. Those people did truly
         | amazing things. I recommend "Space Rocket History" podcast if
         | you like Apollo. It's a wonderful and highly detailed podcast
         | and covers the US and Soviet space race in great detail.
        
         | elteto wrote:
         | I think the main difference was political: for Apollo you had
         | the most powerful nation in history throw their economic and
         | political will into pushing a project forward.
         | 
         | NASA programs today are mainly about creating/maintaining jobs
         | and keeping private industry contractors busy. They lost the
         | political agency and freedom to move fast that they had in the
         | 60s.
        
         | vonneumannstan wrote:
         | Well to be fair Nasa isn't nearly as good as it once was. The
         | quality of engineer during the Apollo era was far better and
         | more like what can be found at Spacex
        
         | GorbachevyChase wrote:
         | You meant cinematographers, right?
        
         | dirasieb wrote:
         | to be fair they had way less requirements on making the CGI
         | look good
         | 
         | back then TVs weren't that popular and those that had one were
         | stuck with very low definition video, today our 2k and 4k
         | screens would be able to spot their flaws easily
        
       | TheChaplain wrote:
       | If you visit US, I really recommend a detour to the Kennedy Space
       | Center if you can, there's a ton of interesting stuff especially
       | about the Apollo program.
        
         | cucumber3732842 wrote:
         | Make sure you look at ALL the stuff in the rocket garden and
         | make sure you take the bus to the Apollo center and make sure
         | you do them in that order.
         | 
         | If you've never seen a gator then looking in the ditches by the
         | road during the bus tour is a good bed.
        
         | iancmceachern wrote:
         | Yes! I just got to go there earlier this month for the first
         | time. They even have the lectern from the Kennedy speech (and
         | the speech itself)!
        
         | qingcharles wrote:
         | Especially if you can time your visit to Florida with a launch.
         | Seeing the Shuttle launch in real life made me realize what a
         | poor medium television is to actually show you reality.
         | 
         | (I don't know what the current policies are but you used to be
         | able to apply in advance for VIP tickets, or buy them on the
         | secondary market, which gives you much closer viewing of the
         | launch)
        
         | bregma wrote:
         | Went to Florida some years ago when my kids were all teens and
         | pre-teens. Did Disney World, Universal Studios, Sea World, the
         | works.
         | 
         | We unanimously agreed KSC was by far the best of all. If you
         | only do one thing in Florida, that would be it.
        
           | bamboozled wrote:
           | Been once as a kid and once as an adult. Wonderful place. The
           | rocket garden is wonderful.
        
       | Rooster61 wrote:
       | I'm very, very concerned for the astronauts piloting this
       | upcoming trans-lunar flight. Given that Boeing, well, does Boeing
       | things, the current state of NASA in this political climate, and
       | the fact that problems keep arising with this current stack, it
       | makes me feel that there is a significant chance of issues mid-
       | flight.
       | 
       | Godspeed to them, hopefully I'm being overly dour.
        
         | unethical_ban wrote:
         | Sadly, the worst thing I'm worried about is the current
         | president pushing for a landing before he leaves office in
         | order to have that feather in his cap. Isaacman seems competent
         | and this article shows they are responding to the concerns of
         | the plan and are "shortening the steps in the staircase" to a
         | landing.
        
           | lukeschlather wrote:
           | So far, Isaacman's competence has mostly consisted of
           | (rightfully) throwing is predecessors under the bus. The real
           | test will be if there are problems on his watch, but also it
           | seems likely the result of having backbone will not be good
           | for Isaacman and sycophants will end up running the agency
           | again.
        
           | drstewart wrote:
           | Wow, in the past no presidents pushed for NASA to launch
           | under deadlines. Imagine telling them they need to get to the
           | moon before the end of the decade. Unprecedented.
           | 
           | Good thing we have a large number of CRUD SaaS experts to
           | tell us what's wrong with the space program
        
             | unethical_ban wrote:
             | Re: JFK and the 60s, I think the experts were in charge and
             | had the final say on launch decisions with buy-in from all
             | parties. Space exploration is certainly not risk-free.
             | 
             | Then you had Challenger, when experts were not listened to,
             | and people died when they shouldn't have.
             | 
             | I don't understand the hostility.
        
               | cosmic_cheese wrote:
               | NASA was also far better funded back then and didn't have
               | to fight congresspeople and the aerospace giants lobbying
               | them. Things move a lot more quickly when money isn't a
               | concern and you're not having to scatter R&D and
               | manufacturing across the four corners of the earth to get
               | congress on board with you.
        
               | mikkupikku wrote:
               | NASA got astronauts killed during Apollo, for some reason
               | people forget about that or think it doesn't count
               | because they weren't flying when it happened. After that
               | they pumped the brakes and reevaluated their approaches,
               | but the whole program remained extremely risky.
        
             | blackjack_ wrote:
             | As someone who worked on Orion I find this comment section
             | hilarious.
        
               | Rooster61 wrote:
               | How so? Hearing from someone who has worked in this
               | environment would be enlightening.
        
               | unethical_ban wrote:
               | We're just going off what we read in the news. I'm sure
               | that informed commentary from someone with first-hand
               | knowledge would be interesting.
        
             | georgemcbay wrote:
             | JFK set a goal that NASA managed to meet, but it is kind of
             | difficult to see it as a hard deadline considering JFK was
             | dead for years before any of the Apollo launches took
             | place.
             | 
             | But even assuming we do view it as a deadline, the Apollo 1
             | losses are a pretty good argument that maybe we shouldn't
             | repeat that.
        
             | cloche wrote:
             | JFK set the goal 8 years out, not less than three to align
             | with his presidential term to try to make himself look
             | good. He also got a lot of feedback from NASA on the
             | timelines of what was possible so the goal wasn't pulled
             | out of thin air.
        
             | XorNot wrote:
             | Challenger was pretty directly caused by the Reagan admin
             | pressuring NASA to launch it too, so yes?
             | 
             | Politicians have pressured NASA for launches previously and
             | it has killed astronauts.
        
         | kilroy123 wrote:
         | Sadly, I feel the same way. Here's a great video of Starliner:
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L96asfTvJ_A
        
         | russellbeattie wrote:
         | You summarized my concerns almost perfectly. My only addition
         | is that you didn't stress enough how much this anti-science
         | administration has destabilized NASA, both directly and
         | indirectly. The institutional decision making has definitely
         | been compromised.
         | 
         | Artemis II is a disaster in progress.
        
       | michael_pica wrote:
       | I'm glad this is getting overhauled, the existing plan was a bit
       | of a mess and NASA can't afford mistakes on a program of this
       | scale. Hopefully we get safer and more effective result out of
       | this.
        
       | daymanstep wrote:
       | Relevant: https://idlewords.com/2024/5/the_lunacy_of_artemis.htm
        
         | disillusioned wrote:
         | I knew a lot of this, and had a good idea of how bad this whole
         | thing was but... damn, how comprehensively horrible a parade of
         | bad, multi-decade decisions this is turning out to be.
        
       | bhouston wrote:
       | On the surface, the changes appear logical.
       | 
       | The difference in philosophy between NASA's current approach and
       | SpaceX is quite stark. SpaceX has launched 11 Starships in the
       | two and a bit years, with a lot of them blowing up. Where as
       | Artemis is trying to get it near perfect on each run.
       | 
       | I wonder if NASA could start to adopt SpaceX like approaches?
       | Where one doesn't try to get everything correct before acting?
       | 
       | I wonder which approach is more capital efficient? Which is more
       | time efficient?
       | 
       | (It seems that Artemis cost is $92B, where as SpaceX's Starship
       | costs are less than $10B so far, give or take. So it seems that
       | SpaceX is a more efficient approach.)
        
         | 2OEH8eoCRo0 wrote:
         | They've blown up 11 Starships without any of them making it to
         | orbit. Artemis I flew around the moon and came back already.
         | 
         | And don't compare costs because Starship does not and may never
         | work so I dont care how much cheaper it is. If we are comparing
         | fictional rockets I have a $1 rocket that can fly to Jupiter.
        
           | bhouston wrote:
           | > They've blown up 11 Starships without any of them making it
           | to orbit.
           | 
           | They purposely were not trying for orbit from my
           | understanding. The last one did orbit the earth at suborbital
           | heights and release satellites. It did seem to do what they
           | wanted it to do, it wasn't a failure.
        
             | delichon wrote:
             | Not only were they not trying to reach orbit, they are
             | specifically trying to do risky things that they can learn
             | from. It's not exactly destructive testing because they
             | hope to succeed, but it's close.
        
               | UltraSane wrote:
               | That just seems like a huge waste of money
        
               | qingcharles wrote:
               | Elon Musk's net worth now (sadly) near a trillion
               | dollars... :/
        
               | delichon wrote:
               | It wouldn't if you were scheduled to fly on it.
        
               | elictronic wrote:
               | Each Expendable Starship Super Heavy launched costs less
               | than a single engine on the Artemis program.
               | 
               | Every time you see a Starship launch what you aren't
               | seeing is manufacturing processes corrected, issues in
               | launch protocols and field issues resolved. All the
               | little things that build up to make your system reliable.
               | Do you want the doctor who has done a hundred successful
               | surgeries, or the one who has done one or two but spent a
               | long time in school watching videos.
               | 
               | The big difference is in the end, Starship gets built
               | faster, costs much less, and can do more. It's not even
               | close.
        
               | 2OEH8eoCRo0 wrote:
               | You can't compare costs for a rocket that doesn't work
               | yet. It's fictional. As I said in my post, if we are
               | comparing fictional rockets then I have a $1 rocket that
               | can fly to Jupiter.
        
               | signatoremo wrote:
               | Of course you can. It wasn't fictional when Superheavy
               | flew back and was caught, was it? It costed real money,
               | not fictional. What kind of mental gymnastics are you
               | doing?
        
               | UltraSane wrote:
               | Until it actually works every dollar is waste.
        
             | verzali wrote:
             | I doubt they set out to launch eleven times without
             | reaching orbit.
        
               | ThrowawayTestr wrote:
               | They very explicitly were not setting out for orbit for
               | most of them.
        
               | verzali wrote:
               | Yes, but if you asked someone at SpaceX before flight 1
               | where they would be by flight 11, I doubt they would have
               | been happy about the reality.
        
               | ThrowawayTestr wrote:
               | And?
        
               | bpodgursky wrote:
               | Not a single one of them had reaching stable orbit in the
               | flight plan.
        
             | freejazz wrote:
             | Easy not to fail when you are purposefully not trying to
             | succeed
        
           | ThrowawayTestr wrote:
           | This is why NASA can never adopt the SpaceX philosophy.
           | People don't understand the concept of test fight.
        
         | shiandow wrote:
         | The real question is which is more likely to avoid catastrophic
         | failures in practice.
         | 
         | And we 'tried until it didn't blow up immediately' is not a
         | great sign.
        
           | phkahler wrote:
           | >> And we 'tried until it didn't blow up immediately' is not
           | a great sign.
           | 
           | But everything that didn't blow up has been tested 11 times
           | already. Things that did fail have had more than one design
           | iteration tested. One approach has gains more real-world test
           | experience.
        
             | bigyabai wrote:
             | NASA is constrained by the triple-whammy of taxpayer
             | dollars, an administration that hates public science, and a
             | market that rewards private enterprise more than them.
             | 
             | JPL would blow up a rocket every week, if the budget had
             | room for it. Alas, we don't see that testing pace outside
             | defense procurement.
        
               | dash2 wrote:
               | So is Artemis cheaper than Starship then?
        
               | bigyabai wrote:
               | Are you familiar with the definition of the word
               | "constrained"?
        
               | dash2 wrote:
               | I was referring to the quote "JPL would blow up a rocket
               | every week, if the budget had room for it." That makes it
               | sound as if JPL can't afford to follow the SpaceX
               | strategy, hence my question.
        
         | riffic wrote:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociotechnical_system
         | 
         | NASA and SpaceX are fundamentally incomparable, considering how
         | these two organizations are established and the motivations
         | that drive all the actors within. Sure, NASA could _start_ to
         | adopt certain approaches but I don 't imagine it to work in a
         | way anyone else would imagine it to.
        
         | schiffern wrote:
         | Also interesting to hear what the NASA people assigned to work
         | with SpaceX say:
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MxIiiwD9C0E&t=1440s
        
         | connoronthejob wrote:
         | Neither craft have achieved their missions so it's a bit early
         | to make that call.
        
           | verzali wrote:
           | Well the SLS has already sent a capsule around the Moon. And
           | it has kept a lot of people employed. That's pretty much what
           | it was intended to do.
        
             | readthenotes1 wrote:
             | Only the latter achievement was a real intention. The
             | former is just the malarkey useful to sell it
        
         | kdheiwns wrote:
         | NASA is beholden to politicians and voters who get easily
         | ruffled when politicians can point to explosions and say "those
         | are you tax dollars." NASA needs to be perfect and impress
         | people or they get their budget cut even further.
        
         | DSMan195276 wrote:
         | I think the public funding aspect complicates this, NASA is
         | probably not in a position where it can blow up a bunch of
         | rockets and still get funding for the next year.
        
           | kevin_thibedeau wrote:
           | They used to depend on the Army to blow up the rockets for
           | them.
        
         | mikkupikku wrote:
         | Congress is fickle enough without rockets blowing up, even if
         | NASA explains up front that it's going to happen. There is much
         | which is suboptimal about NASA, not just their attitude towards
         | perfection, which is downstream of the political reality they
         | have to deal with. For instance, a project that could be done
         | in one year given adaquate funding will instead be spread out
         | over ten years or more, to spread out the costs and keep NASA's
         | monetary requirements as smooth and predictable as possible,
         | for the sake of Congress.
        
         | renewiltord wrote:
         | NASA did have SpaceX like approach. Much more aggressive as a
         | matter of fact. They cooked the occupants of Apollo 1 and they
         | sent another mission out broken so they had to fix it live in
         | space.
         | 
         | The question is whether _you_ have the appetite for killing
         | three astronauts on a test run like the Apollo team did.
         | 
         | EDIT: Fine, I'll clarify. By "SpaceX like approach" I mean
         | iterative design. By "more aggressive" I mean risk tolerance
         | much greater than SpaceX to the degree that they do things that
         | SpaceX wouldn't do.
        
           | freejazz wrote:
           | Insane that this is getting downvoted.
        
           | schiffern wrote:
           | This is ignoring the massive distinction between manned
           | flight (where failure is not an option) and unmanned tests.
           | NASA and SpaceX both know this well.
           | 
           | Calling it a "SpaceX like approach" and connecting to Apollo
           | 1 is a neat trick, but SpaceX wouldn't (and doesn't) adopt
           | that risky approach during manned flights.
           | 
           | It's all about "the _right_ risk for the job. " You can't be
           | risky with human safety, but you also don't want to be overly
           | timid and failure-averse during safely managed R&D tests, or
           | your R&D grinds to a halt.
        
         | MSKJ wrote:
         | If I were to bet, even with no information. I would wager that
         | the private company is more capital efficient than the
         | government ran one
        
           | XorNot wrote:
           | Maybe go read the report on Starliner before making that
           | call? Boeing is a private company too and no one is this
           | deferential about it.
        
         | lstodd wrote:
         | Boris Chertok's memoir[0] on early Soviet space program is
         | essential reading.
         | 
         | inexact quote: "You know, we're throwing towns into the sky"
         | related to the early mishaps of R-7 program development, but
         | they kept doing it. After that R-7 derivatives became the most
         | reliable launch vehicle.
         | 
         | [0] https://www.nasa.gov/history/history-publications-and-
         | resour...
        
           | ptero wrote:
           | > inexact quote: "You know, we're throwing towns into the
           | sky" related to the early mishaps of R-7 program development
           | 
           | I have not looked at the source (in Russian) for several
           | years; now that I am curious I will check at home tonight.
           | But as far as I remember "we are shooting towns into the sky"
           | remark was _not_ in reference to the R-7, but in reference to
           | N1-L3, a hellishly expensive competitor to the Apollo manned
           | Moon mission rocket. The meaning of the phrase was that each
           | and every test should be taken extremely seriously as the
           | cost of each flight is comparable to the cost of building a
           | new city.
           | 
           | R-7 was developed much earlier when Korolev and his team at
           | OKB-1 were iterating rapidly on much cheaper models that were
           | primarily funded as rockets for strategic thermonuclear
           | strike warheads. The civilian (Sputnik and later Gagarin)
           | flights were an offshoot of that and were small enough that
           | it happened as a side project. R-7 was a comparatively simple
           | and cheap design, which may be why that family became a
           | workhorse from the late 50s to carrying crews to the ISS. And
           | the super expensive N1-L3 was a stillborn.
           | 
           | That's my recollection, need to recheck the sources.
        
             | lstodd wrote:
             | I read it last some years ago too but I think it was in
             | relation to many early moonshot failures - first half of
             | Luna program and also early attempts at Mars and Venus.
             | 
             | Have to reread it too.
             | 
             | Still, while R-7 was initially funded as ballistic missile
             | system, that was abandoned quite early, since it was very
             | unwieldy, basically unusable.
             | 
             | Ballistic program in OKB-1 continued separately resulting
             | in superchilled-LOX R-9.
             | 
             | N1 failure is attributed mostly to Korolev - Glushko
             | rivalry that resulted in N1 lacking engines in time. It is
             | widely belived that Kuznetsov bureau delivered just a bit
             | too late - Korolev died, Moon race was lost and N1 project
             | was literally buried.
             | 
             | EDIT: Mishin (OKB-1 head after Korolev) had no
             | administrative push, and Glushko ended up heading it and
             | building Energia-Buran. It's all a sad story of unchecked
             | emotions leading to monumental waste.
        
               | ptero wrote:
               | > N1 failure is attributed mostly to Korolev - Glushko
               | rivalry that resulted in N1 lacking engines in time.
               | 
               | That is a viable version. But I think this was one of the
               | problems and there were plenty of others. While Chertok
               | does point to the engines as a major problem, he also
               | admits that the whole system became way too complex to
               | succeed.
               | 
               | His description of electrical components (for which IIRC
               | he was the chief engineer) and checkouts is telling. He
               | also describes the feeling of "good envy" as the Russian
               | engineers were listening in on comms between the Earth
               | and the Apollo 13 during its mission. Which drove home
               | the point of how much advantage US had, at least in
               | electronic, and how powerful it was for its successful
               | lunar program.
               | 
               | > It's all a sad story of unchecked emotions leading to
               | monumental waste.
               | 
               | I have a softer view. Both Korolev and Glushko wanted
               | their own leadership, which is normal. Korolev ran his
               | shop in a dictatorial fashion, as that was the only way
               | he could operate efficiently. Which is also fine and can
               | produce spectacular results (and it did early on). But it
               | comes with its own risks, including motivating strong
               | leaders to branch out. I would not call it unchecked
               | emotions that Glushko, _after many years at OKB-1_ went
               | to run his own projects.
               | 
               | Living in a someone's shadow while under his dictatorial
               | control is not for everyone. I can see the arguments for
               | both sides. My 2c.
        
             | ghaff wrote:
             | "For all Mankind" is a great alternate history show that
             | imagines the N1 succeeding.
        
         | chasd00 wrote:
         | > I wonder if NASA could start to adopt SpaceX like approaches?
         | Where one doesn't try to get everything correct before acting?
         | 
         | that would be such a culture change you'd have to disband NASA
         | and start it over.
        
           | kunai wrote:
           | Yeah there is no way they do that with THREE LOCVs in their
           | history. The fire, Challenger, and Columbia.
           | 
           | It's a risk-averse culture for a reason.
        
             | NetMageSCW wrote:
             | Tell that to the Starliner crew and the Artemis II crew.
        
         | freejazz wrote:
         | > I wonder if NASA could start to adopt SpaceX like approaches?
         | Where one doesn't try to get everything correct before acting?
         | 
         | This seems so ridiculous in the abstract. Like, what is that
         | exactly supposed to entail in the context of launching rockets?
        
           | RandallBrown wrote:
           | When SpaceX launches a rocket, they think it will work. When
           | NASA launches a rocket they _know_ it will work.
           | 
           | The cost of going from "I think this will work" to "I know
           | this will work" is really expensive. It might be
           | cheaper/faster to fail a few times and fix those problems
           | than it would be to verify everything up front.
        
             | freejazz wrote:
             | Again, that is put so vaguely as to be actionably useless.
        
               | ThrowawayTestr wrote:
               | SpaceX is willing to blow up a rocket, even if it
               | exploding is fully planned and expected. That's it,
               | really not hard to comprehend.
        
               | RandallBrown wrote:
               | So let's say you want to check something like a new fuel
               | nozzle.
               | 
               | SpaceX might design and build the nozzle, then put it in
               | the rocket and launch it. It might work how they
               | intended, or it might not, but they'll find out
               | immediately. They'll make changes, build a new nozzle,
               | launch another rocket, and continue until it works like
               | they want.
               | 
               | NASA will do a lot more testing, simulation, redesigning,
               | etc. until they KNOW that the nozzle will perform
               | perfectly on the first try.
               | 
               | On the surface, NASA's approach sounds cheaper because
               | you aren't wasting rockets. In reality it looks like
               | SpaceX's approach might be better.
        
               | elteto wrote:
               | You don't test the nozzle on _launch day_, what kind of
               | ridiculous statement is that? You think the Air Force is
               | paying SpaceX so they can test things the day it flies?
               | 
               | All components go through several test campaigns on the
               | ground, while iterating on the design to address issues.
               | These campaigns take months/years. That's why changes are
               | stacked into "blocks", which are the equivalent of rocket
               | versions. Each block must be certified by the Air Force
               | and NASA to be deemed worthy of flying their payloads.
        
             | kakapo5672 wrote:
             | Columbia. Challenger.
        
             | elteto wrote:
             | > When SpaceX launches a rocket, they think it will work.
             | When NASA launches a rocket they know it will work.
             | 
             | That is such an ignorant thing to say. You think Falcon 9
             | has had 500+ successful launches because they _think_ it
             | will work?
             | 
             | The difference is that SpaceX is a private company that has
             | the ability to iterate fast. NASA is a jobs program and
             | Artemis/SLS a barrel of pork, simple as that.
        
         | tsimionescu wrote:
         | Given that SLS is the part of Artemis that has actually shown
         | it works, and Starship is the part that is nowhere near
         | schedule, and doesn't work, it's very funny to suggest that
         | NASA should learn from SpaceX and not the other way around.
         | 
         | SpaceX hasn't even had the confidence to put Starship in LEO
         | yet, and has not carried 1kg of real payload (and barely a few
         | kg of test payloads) - while SLS did an orbit of the Moon, with
         | real payload satellites.
        
           | 0xffff2 wrote:
           | It's not like SLS is on schedule either, and it is absurdly
           | more expensive than Starship. It's very likely that Starship
           | will eventually be operational with lower total costs by any
           | accounting measure. (And I say this as a current NASA
           | contractor and current anti-fan of Musk)
        
             | tsimionescu wrote:
             | I agree that SLS is not an efficient project by any stretch
             | of the imagination, and they have their own problems. I
             | don't really see a reason to believe that Starship will
             | ever achieve the goals that were declared for it. In
             | particular, their plan for how to achieve the Moon mission,
             | requiring an unclear number of missions to fuel a single
             | flight in orbit.
        
               | brandonagr2 wrote:
               | You don't have long to wait to see an obvious reason, the
               | first v3 starship is in preflight testing right now.
        
               | tsimionescu wrote:
               | And do you think the this next launch will deploy actual
               | satellites in orbit around the Moon? If not, I still
               | don't see why you'd compare it to SLS's current success.
               | Or do you think this will deploy 100 tons to orbit for
               | less than $10/ton, or fly to Mars, since these are the
               | stated goals for Starship?
        
               | NetMageSCW wrote:
               | Do you think perhaps you should give SpaceX as much time
               | as NASA has had for SLS to fail at its goals before
               | complaining that SpaceX's system in testing isn't
               | accomplishing all of its goals?
        
               | pfdietz wrote:
               | Even if Starship completely fails, SLS is a pointless and
               | ludicrously expensive dead end. Terminating it is the
               | only logical thing to do.
        
               | kunai wrote:
               | Might as well get some ROI out of it though.
               | 
               | IMO the Blue Origin hate was overhyped. They're clearly
               | the only ones who know what they're doing. NASA and
               | SpaceX both are way in over their heads.
        
               | luke5441 wrote:
               | The whole moon thing is a pointless and ludicrously
               | expensive dead end. But if one wants to do it, one should
               | choose between the working approaches.
        
               | lukeschlather wrote:
               | Orion is actually pointless, I don't understand why the
               | mission goals are valuable. Partial success would be
               | meaningless. Success is meaningless.
               | 
               | Starship in contrast has a variety of meaningful
               | objectives. Even if Starship only achieves proving that
               | cryogenic fuel transfer in LEO is possible that's a
               | valuable mission goal in and of itself.
               | 
               | If you really think "the whole moon thing is pointless"
               | NASA is pointless.
        
               | pfdietz wrote:
               | NASA does not seem to be constituted to be able to engage
               | in a coherent manned space program of actual value. It's
               | a long standing systemic issue.
               | 
               | They are great at pretending to deliver value, but
               | there's no "there" there.
        
               | avmich wrote:
               | > I don't really see a reason to believe that Starship
               | will ever achieve the goals that were declared for it.
               | 
               | If you consider declared goals for Starship to be too
               | hard (I assume not impossible), what aspect makes them
               | that hard?
               | 
               | And since we talk about the Moon here, not stated goals
               | of using Starships for Mars flights - what part of the
               | Starship design makes it hard to believe that Starships
               | may in next few years be regularly used for flights to
               | the Moon?
               | 
               | I'm curious what it is which makes it so hard to believe.
        
             | bparsons wrote:
             | We have no idea what starship has cost. It's a private
             | company.
        
               | 0xffff2 wrote:
               | I don't think "no idea" is fair. We don't have exact
               | numbers, but there are various statements out there that
               | give clues. Even the highest estimates I can put together
               | put Starship far cheaper than SLS.
        
               | tsimionescu wrote:
               | You have to consider that Starship has not reached
               | anywhere near the operational goals for Artemis, and
               | there is no realistic time line for when it might. So we
               | really do have no idea how much it might cost by the time
               | it reaches the milestone SLS has already cleared
               | (successful flight in lunar orbit, with a full payload
               | that it successfully deploys).
        
               | NetMageSCW wrote:
               | You also have to consider that SpaceX has the fastest,
               | most reliable, most cost efficient launch service in
               | operation ever, and are using the same methodology to
               | develop the most advanced launch system ever attempted.
        
               | nine_k wrote:
               | Even if a Starship needs to be scrapped after landing,
               | the Super Heavy booster works, returns nominally to the
               | launch site, and can be reused. This alone should make
               | the whole thing cheaper than SLS.
        
               | tsimionescu wrote:
               | Only if the SuperHeavy booster can achieve the same
               | performance as the SLS (payload to orbit), with similar
               | levels of operational complexity.
               | 
               | The SLS has already proven it can fly to lunar orbit and
               | back on one single launch. In contrast, even if
               | everything goes according to plan, Starship requires at
               | least a dozen re-fueling flights while it hangs in orbit
               | around the Earth to be able to then fly to the Moon.
               | 
               | Will one Starship launch, when it eventually works, be
               | cheaper than SLS? Very likely. Will 12+ Starship launches
               | + the time in orbit be cheaper than a single SLS launch?
               | Much, much less likely.
        
               | NetMageSCW wrote:
               | Actually, we already know that with booster reuse
               | disposing of 12 tanker starships will cost less than an
               | SLS launch and actually be able to get to the moon, which
               | SLS with Orion can't actually do.
        
           | cheschire wrote:
           | Isn't SLS still costing like $4 b's per launch?
        
             | PearlRiver wrote:
             | This is why I do not believe in America setting up a
             | permanent lunar base.
             | 
             | The Chinese are basically going to launch a few astronauts
             | up there with a modern Saturn 5. But for them that would be
             | a success because it is their first time.
             | 
             | You only get to land on the moon once before people stop
             | giving a shit.
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | > You only get to land on the moon once before people
               | stop giving a shit.
               | 
               | Depends on what happens once on the moon. If all you do
               | is send 2 people at a time to collect rocks, then it does
               | get boring to the general public. If each landing
               | assembles the next section of a moon habitat, then I
               | think the interest sticks around longer.
        
               | echelon wrote:
               | > You only get to land on the moon once before people
               | stop giving a shit.
               | 
               | If America (or China) says the best spots on the moon
               | belong to America (or China), suddenly it's Space Race
               | 2.0 and everyone cares.
               | 
               | This is what will happen once any building actually
               | starts happening.
        
           | margalabargala wrote:
           | I think it's actually a reasonable comparison.
           | 
           | To OP's point, Artemis has cost $92 billion over 14 years.
           | This has produced exactly one launch.
           | 
           | It's hard to put an exact timeline on Starship since a lot of
           | its development overlaps with Falcon 9 using the same
           | components, but it's inarguable that it has cost one tenth
           | Artemis so far.
           | 
           | I agree that Starship has been plagued by delays and the
           | capabilities are so far mostly just talk. However, it has
           | flown a number of times, and I would be willing to make a
           | strong bet that it will orbit the moon with real payload long
           | before it catches up to Artemis in budget.
        
             | tsimionescu wrote:
             | Starship has not yet flown even a fraction of what SLS has,
             | so I think the comparison is premature. If it takes another
             | ten years to get to a point that it can successfully
             | achieve its Artemis objectives, I doubt it will remain
             | cheaper than SLS. And given that it has already been
             | delayed way beyond the first estimates for when it might be
             | ready (it was supposed to have flown to Mars with
             | astronauts on board by 2022, I believe), I don't see why
             | another 10 years is any worse an estimate than others.
        
               | margalabargala wrote:
               | SLS has flown once. What are you talking about?
        
             | timhh wrote:
             | > the capabilities are so far mostly just talk
             | 
             | lol what? They've caught and successfully reflown the super
             | heavy booster, and they've mostly successfully done a soft
             | landing of Starship in the sea. How is that remotely "just
             | talk"?
        
         | gwbas1c wrote:
         | The Artemis mission is _manned._ I assume the Starships are
         | _unmanned._
         | 
         | The risk profile is very different.
        
         | Arthurian wrote:
         | 2cents from a kid who grew up in a NASA family during the
         | shuttle years - As others have commented, NASA's baseline
         | objective is to not kill astronauts. My understanding of their
         | ethos growing up was that there was absolutely no excuse not to
         | pursue excellence and prioritize safety when people's lives
         | were on the line. One would have to think that goal is
         | fundamentally incompatible with SpaceX's way of doing things
         | (see the many exploding rockets - who wants to get in that?).
         | And from what I've read and heard through the grapevine,
         | working with SpaceX as a contractor on Artemis has certainly
         | had pain points related to these mismatched priorities.
        
           | zardo wrote:
           | The shuttle lost two crews. Maybe pushing its limits in
           | unmanned testing would have prevented those incidents.
        
             | mikkupikku wrote:
             | They very nearly lost the first shuttle they launched.
             | Jumping straight into manned testing was quite reckless,
             | but _politically_ necessary. If they had tested the shuttle
             | without crew, that would have gotten people thinking that
             | crews probably aren 't necessary for a lot of shuttle
             | missions, in particular launching satellites. It also would
             | have prompted people to compare the cost of shuttle
             | launches to other unmanned rocket launches, in particular
             | for commercial satellite launches (which they were doing
             | until the Challenger disaster.) These are comparisons that
             | would have been very problematic for NASA as a political
             | entity.
        
               | HerbManic wrote:
               | The lesson is that people can be irrational even it the
               | logic is sound.
        
               | pdonis wrote:
               | _> They very nearly lost the first shuttle they
               | launched._
               | 
               | Which mission are you referring to?
               | 
               | If it's STS-1, AFAIK there were no close call incidents
               | during the actual flight, but the mission commander, John
               | Young, did have to veto a suggestion to make that mission
               | an RTLS abort instead of an actual orbital flight. Doing
               | that would have been reckless, yes: Young's reason for
               | not doing it was "Let's not practice Russian roulette."
        
               | mikkupikku wrote:
               | The overpressure caused by the SRB ignitions exceeded
               | predictions due to the geometry of the launch pad. This
               | overpressure forced the orbiter's bodyflap away, beyond
               | the design limits of the hydraulic system that controls
               | it. John Young said that if he had known this, he would
               | have ejected, which would have caused the loss of the
               | shuttle.
        
               | pdonis wrote:
               | Ah, I see. But in fact the body flap was not inoperative,
               | and the Shuttle landed safely. So this looks to me like a
               | case where Mission Control turned out to be justified in
               | not telling the crew what had happened.
               | 
               | One thing I wonder about is whether it would have been
               | possible to test the flap while in orbit, to see if the
               | hydraulic lines were actually ruptured or not.
        
             | pdonis wrote:
             | I don't think so, because both losses were due to bad
             | management decisions under irrational political pressure,
             | not any lack of engineering knowledge that more unmanned
             | testing could have provided.
             | 
             | Challenger was lost because NASA ignored a critical flight
             | risk with the SRB joint O-rings. And by "ignored", I mean
             | "documented that the risk existed, that it could result in
             | loss of vehicle and loss of lives of the crew, and then
             | waived the risk so the Shuttle could keep flying instead of
             | being grounded until the issue was fixed". They didn't need
             | more unmanned testing to find the issue; they needed to
             | stop ignoring it. But that was politically unacceptable
             | since it would have meant grounding the Shuttle until the
             | issue was fixed.
             | 
             | Columbia was lost because NASA ignored the risks of tile
             | damage due to their belief that it couldn't be fixed anyway
             | once the Shuttle was in orbit. But that meant NASA also
             | devoted no effort to eliminating the risk of tile damage by
             | fixing the issue that caused it. Which again would have
             | been politically unacceptable since it would have meant
             | grounding the Shuttle until the issue was fixed.
        
               | MaulingMonkey wrote:
               | > They didn't need more unmanned testing to find the
               | issue; they needed to stop ignoring it.
               | 
               |  _Should_ such testing have been needed? No.
               | 
               |  _Was_ such testing needed, given NASA 's political
               | pressures and management? Maybe. Unmanned testing in
               | similar conditions before putting humans on it might've
               | resulted in a nice explosion without loss of life that
               | would've been much harder to ignore than "the
               | hypothesizing of those worrywart engineers," and might've
               | provided the necessary ammunition to resist said
               | political pressures.
        
               | pdonis wrote:
               | _> Unmanned testing in similar conditions before putting
               | humans on it might 've resulted in a nice explosion
               | without loss of life that would've been much harder to
               | ignore_
               | 
               | The loss of the Challenger was the 25th manned orbital
               | mission. So we can expect that it might have taken 25
               | unmanned missions to cause a similar loss of vehicle. But
               | what would those 25 unmanned missions have been doing?
               | There just wasn't 25 unmanned missions' worth of things
               | to find out. That's also far more unmanned missions than
               | were flown on any previous NASA space program before
               | manned flights began.
               | 
               | Even leaving the above aside, if it would have been
               | politically possible to even fly that many unmanned
               | missions, it would have been politically possible to
               | ground the Shuttle even after manned missions started
               | based on the obvious signs of problems with the SRB joint
               | O-rings. There were, IIRC, at least a dozen previous
               | manned flights which showed issues. There were also good
               | critiques of the design available at the time--which, in
               | the kind of political environment you're imagining, would
               | have been listened to. That design might not even have
               | made it into the final Shuttle when it was flown.
               | 
               | In short, I don't see your alternative scenario as
               | plausible, because the very things that would have been
               | required to make it possible would also have made it
               | unnecessary.
        
               | zardo wrote:
               | > So we can expect that it might have taken 25 unmanned
               | missions to cause a similar loss of vehicle.
               | 
               | That doesn't follow. If those were unmanned test flights
               | pushing the vehicle limits you can't just assume they
               | would have gone as they actually did.
        
             | PopePompus wrote:
             | Testing wasn't really the issue with the loss of the two
             | shuttles. In both cases, it was mostly a management issue.
             | For Challenger NASA had seen o-ring erosion in earlier
             | launches, and decided it was not a big risk to the crew.
             | Then they launched Challenger against the recommendations
             | of the engineers in charge of o-ring seals. For Columbia,
             | they has seen foam strikes in earlier launches, but since
             | they had not caused catastrophe in the past, they decided
             | that foam strikes were acceptable. Even when it was clear
             | that a large foam strike had occurred on the launch of
             | Columbia, management wasn't concerned enough to try to get
             | ground-based images of the shuttle to check for damage.
             | Could Columbia's crew have been saved had they known the
             | extent of the damage? No one can say of course, but not
             | even trying to do everything possible was inexcusable.
        
             | NetMageSCW wrote:
             | The problem there is the Shuttle was deliberately designed
             | so it couldn't be flown unmanned, which risked lives and
             | wasted money for lots of simple satellite launches.
        
           | elictronic wrote:
           | You risk it when there are no people on board to find the
           | issues. Fix issues, rinse repeat.
           | 
           | NASA/Congress pushes the armchair quarterback approach.
           | Analyze forever, fail because analysis isn't the same thing
           | as real world experience, get stuck using 50 year old rocket
           | technology. Each engine on SLS cost more than the entire
           | Starship super heavy launch vehicle.
           | 
           | By weight the RS-25 engines cost about 70% of that of
           | building their 7000lb mass dry mass out of gold. That's
           | insane.
        
           | ggreer wrote:
           | SpaceX has the most reliable orbital launch vehicle ever
           | made. Falcon 9 block 5 has had 550 successful launches out of
           | 551 attempts, giving it a 99.8% success rate. For comparison,
           | Soyuz-2's success rate is 97%, Ariane 5 is 95.7%, and the
           | Space Shuttle was 98.5%. All of these are worse than Falcon
           | 9's block 5's _landing_ success rate of 98.9% (552 out of 558
           | attempts[1]).
           | 
           | The current Starship launches are part of a development and
           | testing program. They expect quite a few failures (though
           | probably not as many as they've experienced). But since each
           | Starship launch is only 1/25th the cost of an SLS launch,
           | SpaceX can afford to blow up a lot of them. And they won't
           | put people on them until they have a track record of safe
           | operation. Falcon 9 didn't have crew on it until the 85th
           | launch.
           | 
           | 1. The number of landing attempts is higher than the number
           | of launches because Falcon Heavy results in multiple landings
           | per launch.
        
           | NetMageSCW wrote:
           | NASA says its baseline is to not kill astronauts and yet it
           | is currently planning to send astronauts on a mission in
           | space with an Environmental Control System on its first space
           | flight in a capsule that has flown in space once, and was
           | different on that one flight, and had unexpected heat shield
           | problems with another different heat shield and on a untested
           | return path that is guessed to fix the issues. Actions speak
           | louder than words.
        
         | bregma wrote:
         | If NASA switches to the Space X approach of just blowing up its
         | rockets it would soon need to change its name to "Need Another
         | Seven Astronauts".
        
         | jvanderbot wrote:
         | NASA should not do what businesses do, because by definition
         | their job is to do what businesses cannot or will not do.
         | 
         | They should not adopt spacex practices, they should adopt
         | spacex lift vehicles (once proven).
        
         | leonflexo wrote:
         | Systemic inefficiencies aside. I wonder how much of that is a
         | public funding feedback loop? The cost gets higher, because the
         | standards, requirements, and processes are stricter, because
         | there is the need to validate the use of public funds,
         | exacerbated by being higher, increasing the
         | standards/requirements etc etc... Especially in a political
         | environment where there is no shortage of sniping funding for
         | points.
         | 
         | Regardless, first thing it reminded me of was that interview
         | quote about how if nasa had SpaceX track record they would have
         | lost funding long ago. Is there a US political landscape, even
         | back to 2008-2016, where that isn't the case?
        
           | alwa wrote:
           | I wonder how much is a cost-plus billing issue, too... and a
           | contrast between primes with a single customer in mind and a
           | commercial firm chasing a bigger pie than the immediate
           | program at hand
           | 
           | https://www.thespacereview.com/article/4498/1
        
         | tokyobreakfast wrote:
         | SpaceX's move-fast-and-break-things approach was lauded and
         | NASA panned as being stuck in the past until <checks notes> the
         | zeitgeist turned against Musk at which point the drones and
         | tech blogs they read and write now view SpaceX as dangerous and
         | wasteful at all costs. When a mere few years ago they couldn't
         | shower them with enough praise.
         | 
         | I have no skin in this game other than to say the old school
         | methods resulted in a janky ship that stranded two astronauts
         | in space for months until they could catch a ride home on a
         | SpaceX ship.
        
           | XorNot wrote:
           | Starship is starting to be a very long and not so cheap
           | project though that doesn't seem to be making significant
           | iterative improvements - Rockets are still exploding
           | regularly where you'd expect them to have moved beyond that
           | phase.
        
             | nine_k wrote:
             | Sorry, what? Starship 11 proceeded with a totally nominal
             | ascent, orbit, descent, and powered landing that would end
             | up with it standing on the ground, were it not deliberately
             | landed into water.
             | 
             | What SLS currently has achieved had been achieved by
             | Falcons and Dragons years ago, only way more cheaply and
             | successfully.
             | 
             | No matter what we may think about Mr Musk, SLS is dead end.
        
         | tencentshill wrote:
         | SpaceX doesn't have investors itching to take AWAY money from
         | their programs. they are obligated to be perfect on the first
         | run. Public vs. private.
        
         | dyukqu wrote:
         | This reminds me of my all-time-favourite HN comment[0] (and a
         | life lesson too):
         | 
         |  _This idea is captured nicely in the book "Art and Fear" with
         | the following anecdote: "The ceramics teacher announced on
         | opening day that he was dividing the class into two groups. All
         | those on the left side of the studio, he said, would be graded
         | solely on the quantity of work they produced, all those on the
         | right solely on its quality.
         | 
         | His procedure was simple: on the final day of class he would
         | bring in his bathroom scales and weigh the work of the
         | "quantity" group: fifty pound of pots rated an "A", forty
         | pounds a "B", and so on. Those being graded on "quality",
         | however, needed to produce only one pot - albeit a perfect one
         | - to get an "A".
         | 
         | Well, came grading time and a curious fact emerged: the works
         | of highest quality were all produced by the group being graded
         | for quantity. It seems that while the "quantity" group was
         | busily churning out piles of work - and learning from their
         | mistakes - the "quality" group had sat theorizing about
         | perfection, and in the end had little more to show for their
         | efforts than grandiose theories and a pile of dead clay."_
         | 
         | [0]https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=22105478
        
           | nixpulvis wrote:
           | This works if there's no cost of failure in the meantime.
           | 
           | If we're putting humans into rockets into space, I'd like to
           | think we adopt a balanced approach.
        
             | distortionfield wrote:
             | Isn't this a non-sequitur though? Artemis presumably
             | doesn't have to actually load up humans on the rockets to
             | flight test them.
        
             | danw1979 wrote:
             | It works perfectly well when you've got deep pockets and
             | unmanned test vehicles though.
        
               | nixpulvis wrote:
               | Those deep pockets are funded by the same pot we all feed
               | from.
        
             | taeric wrote:
             | No. This works if you are able to tell a work of fiction
             | and don't have to provide evidence.
             | 
             | And it works because we all know that repetition and
             | practice are, in fact, important. So it feels believable
             | that having people just repeat something over and over is
             | the answer.
             | 
             | Similarly, people can be swayed by the master coming in and
             | producing a single artifact that blows away everyone. You
             | see this archetype story as often as the student that
             | learns by just repeating a motion over and over.
             | (Indeed.... this is literally the Karate Kid plot...)
             | 
             | The truth is far more mundane. Yes, you have to repeat
             | things. But also yes, you have to give thought to what you
             | are doing. This is why actual art classes aren't just "lets
             | build things", but also "lets learn how to critique things
             | that you build."
        
           | ahoka wrote:
           | Now tell the fake story about the moneys and the ladder too.
        
           | gamblor956 wrote:
           | The actual real world result is the opposite. When you score
           | on quantity you get James Patterson, not F Scott Fitzgerald.
        
             | NetMageSCW wrote:
             | And F Scott Fitzgerald died in poverty essentially unknown,
             | while James Patterson is worth over $800 million.
        
         | numpad0 wrote:
         | I think we're all misunderstanding SpaceX. I think it's more of
         | an engine factory disguised as a general space company that
         | managed to borrow the dad's card.
         | 
         | The only thing SpaceX truly has an edge is its engines.
         | 
         | They have perfected the engine for a ship like a giant Mars
         | class rockets. And that engine has been in full scale series
         | production for years, while the actual Starship keeps blowing
         | up. The reason they developed their hoverslam landing
         | technology, also, was because they wanted their precious
         | engines back.
         | 
         | It's as if they handed groups of gamers a credit card and they
         | went onto plunder stocks of RTX cards from 20 miles around with
         | some Roombas bought on reward points. It's just inches below
         | the threshold for typical BS detector if it weren't
         | specifically tuned for the relevant topics.
         | 
         | All makes sense if everything was an elaborate ploy to get
         | someone to pay for specifically the engines.
        
         | baggachipz wrote:
         | NASA has been directed by Congress to use the remaining Space
         | Shuttle RS25 engines on SLS. There aren't that many RS25's
         | left, so Artemis requires that they make the most of each
         | launch. Getting more RS25's produced is one of those "nobody's
         | made them in a long time and it would be terribly expensive and
         | time-consuming to do so" type of situations.
         | 
         |  _correction_ : there are 16 RS25's left, but production has
         | begun on more for the Artemis V mission. However, production is
         | slow so they can't just yeet SLS's into space and test rapidly.
        
         | JumpCrisscross wrote:
         | My suspicion is ULA can't manufacture SLS quickly enough, at
         | high enough quality, to meet multiple, gradual tests.
        
           | carabiner wrote:
           | It's everything. NASA doesn't have the money, brainpower,
           | efficiency etc. to implement SpaceX development method. They
           | can't fab it fast enough, nor can they iterate on the
           | engineering fast enough, nor are they will to sustain the
           | optics of a "government rocket blowing up" like Musk is. They
           | don't have the caliber of engineering talent available or a
           | workflow setup (high autonomy, long hours, better pay).
        
           | NetMageSCW wrote:
           | ULA has nothing to do with SLS.
        
         | palmotea wrote:
         | > The difference in philosophy between NASA's current approach
         | and SpaceX is quite stark. SpaceX has launched 11 Starships in
         | the two and a bit years, with a lot of them blowing up. Where
         | as Artemis is trying to get it near perfect on each run.
         | 
         | > I wonder if NASA could start to adopt SpaceX like approaches?
         | Where one doesn't try to get everything correct before acting?
         | 
         | My understanding is the difference is politics. The US
         | political system is dysfunctional, and so riven by anti-
         | government factions, that there's too much pressure to _not
         | fail_.
         | 
         | If NASA tried the SpaceX approach, after the second rocket blew
         | up NASA's administrator would have been hauled in front of
         | Congress and interrogated over the "waste of taxpayer money"
         | and then the program may get canceled.
        
         | Galxeagle wrote:
         | I had a lightbulb moment when someone said 'the point of
         | iterative approaches is not to find bugs, it's to do something
         | (small) successfully and build confidence+learn'. There's a
         | subtle but important difference between the iterative approach
         | that SpaceX takes and 'debugging through exhaustive retries',
         | and I'm worried NASA would look like the latter (and
         | admittedly, some of the more recent starship launches look that
         | way too).
         | 
         | The ability to pick a small-but-well-defined goal as an interim
         | milestone - _and stay focused on it_ - is a key skill, and too
         | often I 've seen waterfall-like companies slowly scope-creep
         | their first MVP until it's a lumbering mess. You almost always
         | need someone with a strong personality to push team to 'get it
         | done', and that level of ownership is really hard to come by in
         | an organization historically built around ass-covering.
         | 
         | I think Commercial Crew is the right model for NASA. Pick the
         | design objectives, provide some level of scaffolding regulation
         | (i.e loss-of-crew calculations), and then contract out to
         | private sector to actually 'get it done'. (Yes Starliner was a
         | failure, but Dragon is definitely a success. A 50% hit rate and
         | success of the program overall is better than Artemis)
        
       | kiratp wrote:
       | Same contractors (Beoing) who built Starliner...
       | 
       | Explaining Why NASA's Starliner Report Is So Bad >
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L96asfTvJ_A
        
       | tiahura wrote:
       | Did we ever get clarification as to how the Dragon 8 crew member
       | got hurt and why SpaceX got warned?
       | https://www.popsci.com/science/nasa-spacex-safety/#:~:text=%...
        
       | dyauspitr wrote:
       | Why does it seem like we can't do shit anymore? Was it always
       | like this and there was no news coverage of all the failures? If
       | not what is the main cause of failure right now? Is it onerous
       | regulations and bureaucracy? Stressed work environments?
        
         | ericmay wrote:
         | We're doing really complicated stuff. And think about it
         | though, in the 60s/70s we had one organization - NASA. That was
         | it. Today, we have RocketLab, SpaceX, Blue Origin, _and_ NASA,
         | plus Boeing I guess.
        
         | michaelsshaw wrote:
         | Essentially, neoliberalism. The goal of everyone on the project
         | is now higher and higher profits. Delivering a working product
         | doesnt necessarily mean best profits anymore. Spacex would
         | rather drag the project along with ships that dont work than to
         | just make something that works. The government has privatized
         | so much of their workload into so few specialized companies
         | that they really can't stop them from doing this.
        
         | tibbydudeza wrote:
         | Way more safety and rigid testing procedures and a better
         | understanding - the Apollo program was all done by the seat of
         | the pants engineering that somehow worked all based on the
         | ideas of the team that built the German V2.
         | 
         | Each F1 rocket engine was hand tuned by drilling holes into the
         | "plate" so it would not cause the combustion mixture to vibrate
         | the engine into smithereens.
         | 
         | Such an approach would never be tolerated today by NASA.
        
           | XorNot wrote:
           | That doesn't imply that it was faster though. It just implies
           | they didn't have the technology to simulate it, nor CNC
           | machining to do it another way.
           | 
           | I mean does it _sound_ like that was faster then what we can
           | do today?
        
         | briandw wrote:
         | I feel the same. The Golden Gate Bridge took 3 years to build,
         | start to finish. It was the biggest suspension to have ever
         | been built at the time. Compare that to any modern public works
         | project of today. There are countless examples of how we used
         | to be able to build things before 1970.
        
           | jcranmer wrote:
           | Per Wikipedia, the Golden Gate Bridge was proposed in 1917,
           | approved by the state for design in 1923, funded in 1930,
           | started construction in 1933, and completed in 1937.
           | 
           | The reason modern projects take so long is that so many of
           | them are stuck in design or awaiting funding stage for what
           | feels like interminable ages; once the construction phase
           | starts, they tend to go fairly quickly. But if you look at
           | projects 100 years ago, well, they also seem to have fairly
           | lengthy pre-construction timelines. It's just that we
           | conveniently forget about those when we look back on them
           | nowadays.
        
           | dyauspitr wrote:
           | 11 people died during the construction of the Golden Gate
           | Bridge. We have onerous safety requirements and red tape
           | which is why everything is so slow. Very few people die on
           | construction sites now. Do we want 11 dead people or do we
           | want things done extremely slow? I guess as a society we have
           | answered that question.
        
             | thereisnospork wrote:
             | We've probably answered wrongly. Even money aside, how many
             | more people die in traffic accidents due to the extra miles
             | driven because of delays in construction?
             | 
             | Some regs are worth it, certainly, but being overly
             | cautious is in itself unsafe.
        
               | XorNot wrote:
               | Sure and sometimes you just need to actually issue safety
               | equipment and install a fall net.
               | 
               | The historical comparisons are complete BS: they wind up
               | at "if we sacrifice enough people to the industrial god
               | he will reward us" rather then discussing anything real.
        
               | dyauspitr wrote:
               | What is it then? What is real? It has to be environmental
               | and safety regulations, long running environmental
               | studies, general bureaucracy and NIMBYism holding
               | construction and infrastructure back right? That's what
               | held up the high speed rail in California (along with
               | funding factors). We've always had unions so that
               | shouldn't be it.
        
               | thereisnospork wrote:
               | Things are so bad that we can't even seem to manage to
               | install a fall net[0] in a timely manner.
               | 
               | [0]https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2019-12-12/go
               | lden-g...
        
         | mmustapic wrote:
         | The Apollo program budget was immensely large, and the
         | objective was clear: put people on the moon before the Soviet
         | Union.
         | 
         | Artemis objectives are less well defined, more ambitious and
         | with way less money. The big budget is being allocated to
         | brutes killing people in the streets and a decadent ballroom
         | for the emperor. The difference in importance between the two
         | is the cause of all the failures.
        
           | Robdel12 wrote:
           | And we can't forget the nationalism at the time. Everyone was
           | rallied behind the program and wanting to beat the Soviet
           | Union. I mean, sputnik scared the hell out of everyone.
           | 
           | I think that's probably important framing for how things were
           | reported back then. But also, I'm wrong like 99.9999999% of
           | the time. So!
        
         | grvbck wrote:
         | I think the narrative is more difficult now, as is visibility
         | of goals. "Land a man on the Moon and return him safely" is a
         | clear objective, while "decarbonize the global economy" or
         | "make AI safe and useful" are fuzzier, and don't give you a
         | single flag-planting moment.
         | 
         | But there's no lack of huge achievements. The Mars rovers are
         | amazing: super-sonic parachutes, retro rockets, deploying a
         | little helicopter with no real-time control is huge. So is
         | planting JWST at the L2 point and unfolding it a million miles
         | from earth.
         | 
         | Also, the NASA budget in the 1960's was 10 times higher.
        
         | wat10000 wrote:
         | Basically because we don't feel like it.
         | 
         | If you look at the unmanned side of NASA, that's going great.
         | NASA can get amazing stuff done.
         | 
         | The manned side gets political attention, and the nature of
         | current politics makes it a bad kind of attention. Results are
         | essentially irrelevant. Jobs and cronyism are the point.
         | 
         | The overall design of the Space Launch System makes very little
         | sense. We know all too well that solid rockets are a bad idea
         | for crewed spaceflight. Hydrogen is a bad fuel for a first
         | stage. It's horrendously wasteful to use expensive, complicated
         | engines designed to be reused, and then throw them away on
         | every launch. Early estimates were over $2 billion per launch,
         | which in the current age is total clownshoes. The actual costs
         | will be much higher still.
         | 
         | So why are they doing it? Because using all this old, rather
         | inappropriate tech allows them to keep paying the contractors
         | for it. If you gave NASA a pile of money and told them to build
         | a moon program, they wouldn't build this. But it's not their
         | choice.
        
         | dirasieb wrote:
         | it's because we "destroyed the technology" :^)
        
         | jjk166 wrote:
         | Artemis was never a "return to the moon" program. NASA had one
         | of those; congress killed it and replaced it with a "keep
         | shuttle jobs going" program. There has always been and will
         | always be pork spending, but in this case keeping the gravy
         | train going has been the primary if not sole driver, as opposed
         | to programs like Apollo where it was a means to an end. People
         | have known it was a problem from day one and probably most
         | people thought it would get cancelled and replaced by something
         | more sound long before this point.
        
       | GMoromisato wrote:
       | This is a good change. To summarize for those not following
       | closely:
       | 
       | SLS, a rocket derived from Shuttle tech, takes astronauts on the
       | Orion spacecraft to the vicinity of the moon. From there, a
       | lander built by either SpaceX or Blue Origin will take the
       | astronauts to the surface and then back to Orion. The astronauts
       | will then return to Earth in Orion.
       | 
       | Artemis I flew a couple of years ago and took an uncrewed Orion
       | spacecraft around the moon and back to Earth.
       | 
       | Artemis II, which should hopefully fly in April, will take 4
       | astronauts around the moon--the first time humans have been that
       | far in space in 50+ years.
       | 
       | Artemis III was going to be a crewed moon landing, planned around
       | 2028, but between delays in the lander development and the
       | complexity of this mission, no one expected it to happen on time.
       | 
       | The major change that NASA has announced is to launch SLS more
       | often--ideally once every 10 months. There are two major
       | advantages to this:
       | 
       | 1. More frequent launches will improve reliability because the
       | team/engineers will understand the system better. There will be
       | more commonality between launches.
       | 
       | 2. With more launches before the end of the decade deadline there
       | are more opportunities for intermediate milestones. In
       | particular, Artemis III will turn into an Earth-orbit mission in
       | which Orion will dock with one or both of the landers. This will
       | test out the system before heading to the moon. Moreover, NASA
       | plans to have at least two lunar landing attempts in 2028, which
       | means that even if the first attempt is scrubbed, they will still
       | have a chance to land before the end of the decade.
        
       | trothamel wrote:
       | A couple of new posts by Nasa Administrator Isaacman:
       | 
       | Launch cadence across NASA programs:
       | 
       | https://x.com/NASAAdmin/status/2027456699175497741
       | 
       | An infographic showing the new architectures:
       | 
       | https://x.com/NASAAdmin/status/2027456713507356713
       | 
       | It's interesting how Artemis III (the new one) will try to prove
       | out both HLS landers in one LEO mission.
        
       | t1234s wrote:
       | I made sure to watch the first SLS launch in person as I'm not
       | confident they will be able to launch again.
        
       | Robdel12 wrote:
       | They're getting slightly bullied into following their own rocket
       | certification process. Wild they're going right to human flight
       | without their three unmanned certification flights, etc. NASA
       | themselves will not allow mission critical payloads on rockets
       | that don't meet that process. But they're (trying) to skip it
       | with Artemis.
        
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