[HN Gopher] Court finds Fourth Amendment doesn't support broad s...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Court finds Fourth Amendment doesn't support broad search of
       protesters' devices
        
       Author : hn_acker
       Score  : 444 points
       Date   : 2026-02-27 15:09 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.eff.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.eff.org)
        
       | hn_acker wrote:
       | The original title is:
       | 
       | > Victory! Tenth Circuit Finds Fourth Amendment Doesn't Support
       | Broad Search of Protesters' Devices and Digital Data
        
       | mothballed wrote:
       | It's an awesome victory. But until the penalty for violating
       | rights under color of law is something real (like serious jail +
       | restitution, barred from further public employment, etc) they
       | will keep doing it.
        
         | patrickmay wrote:
         | A good start would be requiring police officers to carry
         | individual liability insurance so that municipalities aren't
         | paying for these lawsuits. If someone can't get insurance, they
         | can no longer be a cop.
        
           | sneak wrote:
           | I don't disagree, but can we really claim to have the rule of
           | law if there is a class of people who can flagrantly violate
           | criminal law and court orders and suffer zero criminal
           | consequences?
        
             | Zigurd wrote:
             | Mayors, prosecutors, merchants, and local press get co-
             | opted by police. This leads to systemic failures that,
             | unfortunately, make dealing with this in criminal law less
             | workable. Sometimes you gotta do what works.
        
           | SoftTalker wrote:
           | It's going to be cheaper for municipalites to have group
           | insurance for this (or self-insure) than to have to pay the
           | police enough that they can afford their own insurance.
        
             | mothballed wrote:
             | Ultimately it's the civil authorities and upper brass that
             | want these intrusions. The insurance issue is easily worked
             | around by hiring green recruits at a very high "bonus" to
             | be used as basically burner employees to burn through their
             | insurance and do the illegal stuff under their identity.
             | 
             | It has to be a criminal thing because the top brass and
             | civil servants need RICO like prosecution and tossed in
             | jail along with the guy who gets the insurance ding.
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | It's already a (very real) crime to do a Conspiracy to
               | deprive someone of their civil rights, which is what
               | you're talking about. Occasionally someone gets sued
               | under it, but it's rare.
        
             | JoshTriplett wrote:
             | The whole point of requiring individual insurance is
             | precisely that insurance will be _too expensive_ for people
             | who are demonstrably high risk in that role, and less
             | expensive for people who are low risk.
        
               | pinkmuffinere wrote:
               | Some of the additional expense would be due to an
               | individual risk profile, and some of the expense would be
               | due to lack of bargaining power. The expense due to
               | individual risk profile is a feature. The expense due to
               | lack of bargaining power is not.
        
               | noosphr wrote:
               | Police have unions.
        
               | direwolf20 wrote:
               | Then the department can pay for each officer's insurance.
        
             | Zigurd wrote:
             | If it's uninsurable in the private market, that's a hint.
             | Maybe they could pledge the pension fund.
        
           | UncleMeat wrote:
           | Before that we need a vast overhaul of qualified immunity for
           | state officials and expansion of Section 1983 to cover
           | federal officials. It is incredibly difficult to sue state
           | officials for violating your rights because of how qualified
           | immunity works and Bivens is even weaker when it comes to
           | suing federal officials.
        
         | jimt1234 wrote:
         | Yes, an awesome victory. But I believe a tech solution is gonna
         | be superior to any legal solution. Any data considered "private
         | and sensitive" should be accessible only by the person who owns
         | it. Full stop.
        
           | curt15 wrote:
           | Tech solutions are toothless without laws to prevent
           | authorities from detaining people indefinitely until they
           | surrender access to their data. Efforts to prevent
           | authoritarianism need to think more from the perspective of
           | autocrats.
        
       | jmward01 wrote:
       | I think the top (tech) stories of the decade are likely: Privacy,
       | AI and the energy transition.
       | 
       | I hope that as a society we are starting to learn, and protect,
       | the value of, and right to, privacy.
        
         | sneak wrote:
         | Germans have mass surveillance and they are perhaps the most
         | privacy-conscious society in the world, because of their
         | (relatively recent) authoritarian catastrophe.
         | 
         | I doubt anyone else will learn the lesson without something
         | similar happening. Even some Germans are forgetting it already.
        
         | jfengel wrote:
         | They may be the top stories, but they have never appeared on
         | any list of voters' top concerns. It's always crime, jobs, the
         | economy, inflation, and health care.
         | 
         | People can say whatever they want to journalists, but they say
         | different things to the politicians. Standing up for privacy
         | does not get you elected and so we will continue to get anti-
         | privacy laws and Attorneys General who won't enforce what we do
         | have.
         | 
         | The best you can hope for is a judge deciding how they want the
         | Constitution to read, and that's far from the slam dunk you'd
         | expect.
        
           | Propelloni wrote:
           | Then how did we get the laws we have now? How did we get the
           | constitution and the amendments?
        
             | johnnyanmac wrote:
             | By near definition, the lawmaking process mostly works on
             | account of interested parties. There aren't a lot of issues
             | that can get enough support merely by sheer mainstream
             | pushback. That's why organizations spend time spreading
             | awareness and lobbying (as well as coporate billionaire
             | companies).
             | 
             | It'd be much nicer if privacy was one of those mainstream
             | topics. But that's not the case thus far. It's mostly
             | propped into legislature by smaller organizations.
        
             | jfengel wrote:
             | A bunch of rich white slave-owners wrote the rules over the
             | space of a few months in Philadelphia.
             | 
             | One of the rules is that it's damn near impossible to amend
             | the rules. It hasn't been done in a half century. (Setting
             | aside one oddball originally written by those rich white
             | guys but left in a drawer by accident.)
        
           | johnnyanmac wrote:
           | I wonder if this will shift over the next decade as
           | Millenials start to become the voting bloc to appeal to, a
           | generation that grew up with the internet (or at worst,
           | started picking up the internet late in college/early in the
           | workforce)?
           | 
           | Among other factors, boomers grew up in a time where it
           | wasn't unusual to announce your home address during a
           | televised interview. Their ideas of privacy and locality is
           | so fundamentally different from a generation that was the
           | test bed for factors like cyberbullying, doxxing, mass
           | trolling/harassment for users all around the world.
           | 
           | And you know, spending your 30's/40's seeing blatant
           | government overreach to harrass minorities and political
           | opponents will help. Doubly so for Gen Z seeing this in their
           | early adult years.
        
           | chatmasta wrote:
           | > crime, jobs, the economy, inflation, and health care
           | 
           | These are the post-facto rationalizations voters cite to
           | explain or defend their vote. But the actual decision is made
           | much earlier than voting time, and it's one driven primarily
           | by emotion and social influence. The "issues" are a
           | convenient alignment mechanism but not the primary motivator.
           | 
           | This should be obvious by the fact voters must choose between
           | two viable candidates - the choice has been made for them,
           | long before they get the luxury of sorting through which
           | issues are most important to their vote.
        
         | dmitrygr wrote:
         | > I hope that as a society we are starting to learn, and
         | protect, the value of, and right to, privacy.
         | 
         | I wish... but nope... see CA's and CO's requirements that OSs
         | check ID
        
         | runlevel1 wrote:
         | If faith in the fairness and belief in the protection of the
         | rule of law collapses much further, I suspect people will
         | learn.
         | 
         | The question is whether they'll learn in time to do anything
         | about it.
        
       | JohnTHaller wrote:
       | The Republican administration will ignore this court order as
       | well
        
         | RajT88 wrote:
         | Indeed. Who holds the government accountable to its own laws?
        
           | garciasn wrote:
           | Congress < Supreme Court < The People
           | 
           | We've had a significant breakdown in process here. Congress
           | is deadlocked. The Supreme Court is corrupt. The only thing
           | left are The People (protest / vote < civil disobedience <
           | escalation beyond).
        
             | lemoncucumber wrote:
             | You've got the first two backwards. The real accountability
             | mechanism in the constitution for a rogue
             | president/administration is impeachment by congress (which
             | is a proxy for the people in theory). Unfortunately neither
             | enough of congress nor enough of the electorate cares if
             | the administration breaks the law.
        
               | johnnyanmac wrote:
               | In theory, yes. Any supreme court interpretation can be
               | overruled by a congress that is truly in lockstep.
               | 
               | Reality, is disappointing. Where we have a dealocked
               | congress we try to switch around every 2 years while 9
               | people in the courts can re-interpret how they wish with
               | basically zero reprecussions, for life.
               | 
               | Maybe the SCOTUS also needs terms limits thanks to modern
               | medical advances. I don't think the founding fathers
               | intended for courts to remain the same people for decades
               | on end. It can be a very long term like the Federal
               | Reserve, but we definitely need something.
        
               | rnxrx wrote:
               | How about we just start with SCOTUS having transparent
               | (and enforced) ethics and corruption policies?
        
               | johnnyanmac wrote:
               | The issue lies in who enforces it. In theory, that's
               | congress with the ability to impeach and convict members
               | of SCOTUS.
               | 
               | I've also thrown around ideas in my head of state SC's
               | chief justices having a channel to court marshal a SCOTUS
               | and eject them with a supermajority ruling. Or a band of
               | federal judges. But there's so much more involved there I
               | haven't begun to consider.
        
           | thewebguyd wrote:
           | The people, using the 4 boxes of liberty: Soap Box, Ballot
           | Box, Jury Box, and lastly, the Ammo box.
        
             | nilamo wrote:
             | Are you suggesting people take up arms against police? Has
             | that ever gone well for anyone, except as a quick way to
             | die?
        
               | warkdarrior wrote:
               | Well, the other option is to live while bending the knee.
               | Who needs rights anyway??
        
               | mothballed wrote:
               | I'm not suggesting it, but taking a look at history, a
               | couple notables are the Battle of Athens and Cliven Bundy
               | standoff. Bundy is still grazing his cattle on that land
               | to this day.
        
               | wahern wrote:
               | Recent article on the younger Bundy, "Ammon Bundy Is All
               | Alone. The anti-government militia leader can't make
               | sense of his allies' support for ICE violence."
               | https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/2026/02/ammon-bundy-
               | trump-...
        
               | mothballed wrote:
               | Ammon Bundy has held relatively libertarian opinions on
               | immigration for a long long time. Since at least the days
               | of the standoffs. His political ideals are closer to the
               | old time westy _classical_ liberalism (something like
               | founding era anti-federalists with a view of the law that
               | essentially mirrors Bastiat) than they are to neo-
               | conservatism.
        
               | thewebguyd wrote:
               | As a last resort when all other options have failed?
               | Yeah, if you value democracy and don't want to bend the
               | knee and live under an authoritarian state. Ammo box is
               | listed last for a reason, of course, all other avenues
               | should be pursued first.
               | 
               | But that doesn't change the fact that the government
               | isn't going to stop itself from overstepping the
               | constitution, that duty falls with the people via
               | protest, voting, lawsuits, and as a last resort, use of
               | force.
        
               | tomalbrc wrote:
               | How is this not the exact reasoning MAGA uses for Jan. 6
        
         | stebalien wrote:
         | The case was filed in 2023.
        
         | delfinom wrote:
         | Eh? They can, but it makes any cases based on evidence gathered
         | from the declared unconstitutional searches basically dead and
         | easily tossed in courts.
        
           | harimau777 wrote:
           | I don't know if that applies if you get a Trump judge.
        
       | fusslo wrote:
       | > The warrants included a search through all of her photos,
       | videos, emails, text messages, and location data over a two-month
       | period, as well as a time-unlimited search for 26 keywords,
       | including words as broad as "bike," "assault," "celebration," and
       | "right," that allowed police to comb through years of
       | Armendariz's private and sensitive data--all supposedly to look
       | for evidence related to the alleged simple assault.
       | 
       | That's an insane overreaction and overreach. There's some quotes
       | from officers during the protests that are particularly
       | troubling, too.
       | 
       | The article links directly to the ruling:
       | https://www.ca10.uscourts.gov/sites/ca10/files/opinions/0101...
       | 
       | I wonder how the Sargent and Judge who approved these searches
       | feel. If they take their jobs seriously, I do hope that they are
       | more critical of search warrant applications in the future.
        
         | stronglikedan wrote:
         | > I wonder how the Sargent and Judge who approved these
         | searches feel. If they take their jobs seriously, I do hope
         | that they are more critical of search warrant applications in
         | the future.
         | 
         | I guarantee they feel like they've been slighted _because_ they
         | take their jobs seriously, and from their perspective they
         | should have been allowed to do what they did. Power corrupts
         | the mind as much as the bank account.
        
           | cogman10 wrote:
           | Yup. To see this mentality on full display you just have to
           | pull up videos of cops getting DUIs.
           | 
           | They all act like it's the most insulting thing in the world
           | that they get pulled over. They all use their status as cops
           | to try and get out of the ticket. The cops that pull them
           | over always treat them in the softest and most deferential
           | way imaginable. And I'm sure more times than there are videos
           | for, these cops get away with DUI which is why they are so
           | incensed when the arresting cop doesn't play along.
        
             | bitexploder wrote:
             | The injury to their ego is tremendous. The ones that allow
             | their authority to become their identity cannot mentally
             | separate a challenge to this authority from a direct attack
             | on themselves. To them it is quite literally the same thing
             | and it is incredibly dangerous. It is how the authoritarian
             | mind works, because to them it feels like survival.
        
               | collabs wrote:
               | Especially in the city of New York, I sincerely believe a
               | police officer butting a reflective vest on the front
               | dashboard of their illegally parked car is enough grounds
               | for immediate dismissal/firing from the job and all
               | retirement seized with no recourse. I don't know how we
               | would make it legal but this is the kind of visible,
               | petty corruption that makes people lose their respect for
               | the system.
        
               | ifh-hn wrote:
               | That seems a little over the top of a parking
               | infraction... Maybe they should be summarily shot too.
        
             | 0x3f wrote:
             | I don't think this is particularly unique to cops. When
             | you're trapped and cornered, you desperately resort to any
             | possible approach to get out of it. Acting incredulous or
             | indignant when you know you've messed up, with the small
             | hope it will get you out of it, is a very common human
             | thing.
        
               | cogman10 wrote:
               | > with the small hope it will get you out of it
               | 
               | That's the thing, with how much cops will put on the kids
               | gloves if it's an officer I'm certain the hope isn't
               | small that they'll get out of it. The videos you see of
               | cops getting arrested they are almost always completely
               | blasted.
        
             | runlevel1 wrote:
             | Just last week, two NYPD cops were indicted for evidence
             | tampering for doing exactly that.
             | 
             | The indicted cops responded to an off-duty cop's DUI crash.
             | They texted each other on their personal phones so as not
             | to create a record. They positioned their bodycams so as
             | not to capture the incident. At one point, one of the cops
             | held the other's to make it look as if he was still
             | standing there while he secretly called their supervisor.
             | They then let the drunk cop drive away. Hours later,
             | another officer found the car parked on the sidewalk. That
             | officer did finally arrest him.
             | 
             | "These police officers did their job. We should not be here
             | today," said union president Patrick Hendry, who accused
             | the DA of targeting the officers. "He needs to support
             | officers instead of going after them. Enough is enough."
             | 
             | To their credit, these charges came based on a referral
             | from NYPD's Internal Affairs Bureau, though it was 4 years
             | later.
             | 
             | Article: https://www.nytimes.com/2026/02/20/nyregion/nypd-
             | dui-coverup...
        
           | formerly_proven wrote:
           | I doubt it, judges don't read warrant applications.
        
         | radicaldreamer wrote:
         | If you think judges actually read warrants they sign, you're
         | very mistaken. Some judges are signing dozens of these a day in
         | between other things on their docket.
        
           | hirvi74 wrote:
           | _" Ninety-eight percent of warrant reviews eventually result
           | in an approval, and over 93% are approved on first
           | submission. Further, we find that the median time for review
           | is only three minutes, and that one out of every ten warrants
           | is opened, reviewed, and approved in sixty seconds or less.
           | [1]"_
           | 
           | Mind you, this data only represents the state of Utah's
           | electronic "e-Warrant" system. It would not surprise me is
           | results were not too different across other states.
           | 
           | [1] https://harvardlawreview.org/print/vol-138/unwarranted-
           | warra...
        
             | UncleMeat wrote:
             | FISA warrants were even more incredible, with well below 1%
             | rejection rates.
             | 
             | And then hilariously people would say that this is just
             | evidence that the warrants are all written extremely
             | carefully and conservatively.
        
         | onlyrealcuzzo wrote:
         | With enough data, you could _appear_ guilty of almost anything.
        
           | koolba wrote:
           | Particularly if you filter out the context when presenting
           | the filtered data:
           | 
           | "Wish I could be there. _I'd kill for such an opportunity._
           | All the best and see you next time."
        
           | seanw444 wrote:
           | "Show me the man, I'll show you the crime."
        
           | syntheticnature wrote:
           | https://www.amazon.com/Three-Felonies-Day-Target-
           | Innocent/dp...
        
           | NoSalt wrote:
           | > _" If you give me six lines written by the hand of the most
           | honest of men, I will find something in them which will hang
           | him."_
           | 
           | ~ Cardinal Richelieu (Cardinal and former Secretary of State
           | for Foreign Affairs of France)
        
             | snowwrestler wrote:
             | This apocryphal quote was a statement about his
             | overwhelming power (strong enough to hang people who have
             | done no wrong), not on the mutability of the law. It is
             | frequently mis-applied.
        
               | wredcoll wrote:
               | Why would he need _any_ lines then?
        
               | Joker_vD wrote:
               | The quote is indeed about the law being a nose of wax, to
               | borrow an old English phrase, and how with sympathetic
               | enough courts almost any decision could be upheld. But
               | it's nothing new, precisely the same crime can yield
               | drastically different judgements depending on e.g. the
               | defensive attorney's experience.
        
               | onlyrealcuzzo wrote:
               | > e.g. the defensive attorney's experience.
               | 
               | Which is another way of saying the defense's wealth.
        
               | snowwrestler wrote:
               | He was powerful enough to hang someone on a flimsy
               | excuse, but not so powerful that he did not need a flimsy
               | excuse. Right in that sweet spot.
        
         | UncleMeat wrote:
         | > I wonder how the Sargent and Judge who approved these
         | searches feel. If they take their jobs seriously, I do hope
         | that they are more critical of search warrant applications in
         | the future.
         | 
         | Cops often hate the people. They see the people as their
         | enemies. Retaliation is commonplace. Their goal is to arrest
         | people, not actually achieve peace and justice. DAs and judges
         | are often similar. We've seen cases where highly respected DAs
         | have continued to prosecute people _they knew were innocent_.
         | 
         | This sort of thing is not a case of particular cops or DAs or
         | judges not taking their job seriously. This is cops or DAs or
         | judges thinking that they have a totally different job than
         | they really should have.
        
           | cess11 wrote:
           | Cops often have the view that if they weren't allowed to be
           | special and do things that are crimes for others, then
           | society would collapse in a huge bloodbath. They tend to
           | believe they are the 'thin blue line' between civilisation
           | and barbarism, the front in a war against the unbridled
           | animalism of the uncouth masses.
        
       | ck2 wrote:
       | "constitution-free zone"
       | 
       | a phrase that should be impossible but due to wild corruption of
       | the people who write law, it does
       | 
       | all of Florida, all of Maine are in a "ha what constitution" zone
       | 
       | https://www.aclumaine.org/know-your-rights/100-mile-border-z...
       | 
       | https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2017/04/bill-rights-border-fou...
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Border_search_exception
        
       | kevin_thibedeau wrote:
       | This is in Colorado Springs. What about the 100 mile border zone
       | where the federal government pretends all rights are suspended?
        
         | antonvs wrote:
         | The current government believes in some sort of transitive
         | property of 100 mile border zones. Mathematics hasn't quite
         | caught up with this yet.
        
         | SAI_Peregrinus wrote:
         | Denver International Airport has a customs zone (as all
         | international airports do), and is only 86 miles from Colorado
         | Springs. AFAIK they've never explicitly restricted their policy
         | to land & sea borders.
        
           | direwolf20 wrote:
           | That's correct, the zone is also 100 miles around every
           | international airport.
        
           | LeifCarrotson wrote:
           | Historically, they've considered land borders with Canada and
           | Mexico, coastlines on the Pacific, Atlantic, and Gulf of
           | Mexico, as well as the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Seaway to
           | be the edges of the 100 mile "reasonable distance":
           | 
           | https://www.aclu.org/know-your-rights/border-zone
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Border_search_exception
           | 
           | This page:
           | 
           | https://www.criminallegalnews.org/news/2025/jul/1/understand.
           | ..
           | 
           | Is one of the few that includes international airports, but
           | then they go on to use the "200 million Americans within 100
           | miles of a border" statistic that's only accurate if you're
           | only counting the land, sea, and Great Lakes borders. Which
           | is still insane.
           | 
           | If you add a 100 mile circle around every international
           | airport, that's basically every major population center in
           | the country.
           | 
           | Sounds like yet another absurd misrepresentation, let's see
           | if anyone can call them on it.
        
         | pklausler wrote:
         | Having lived (or maybe more accurately "resided") in the
         | Springs for a few years, this story didn't surprise me at all.
        
       | jandrese wrote:
       | Is this going to be appealed up to the Supreme Court? They are
       | usually pretty eager to expand the power of qualified immunity so
       | this judgement may be short lived.
        
         | nickff wrote:
         | Interestingly (at least to me), the Tenth Circuit doesn't get
         | appealed very often, and holds up fairly well on appeal, with a
         | 50% reversal rate on appeals that are heard.
         | https://reason.com/volokh/2024/07/02/which-circuit-had-the-h...
        
         | stvltvs wrote:
         | They probably won't because they don't want a nationwide
         | precedent if it's upheld by SCOTUS.
        
       | shevy-java wrote:
       | So, this is not surprising in that many courts have found a
       | similar result. That is, the amendments usually protect the
       | freedoms; sometimes regular folks extend it to far (e. g.
       | government having zero possibilities which is also not true - see
       | Audit the Audit channel and others). But one thing that is
       | interesting is that these public departments, be it cops or some
       | civil institution (but usually police departments), still try it.
       | The idea is that many people will comply rather than dare resist.
       | I think this is an institutionalized level of abuse. A common
       | person should expect these government representatives to KNOW the
       | law. The only reason these representatives still try to it to go
       | to court, is because they WANT to break the law. This should
       | become illegal. It wastes time, money, resources, by public
       | representatives. The court system should change; the assumption
       | that everyone is a legal body, SHOULD NOT BE POSSIBLE WHEN A
       | GOVERNMENT REPRESENTATIVE KNOWS THAT SOMETHING IS AGAINST THE LAW
       | and they still try to go for a court proceeding. That is
       | deliberate abuse. Why do taxpayers have to pay for that?
        
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