[HN Gopher] Denver dumps Flock, awards contract to Axon
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       Denver dumps Flock, awards contract to Axon
        
       Author : therobots927
       Score  : 106 points
       Date   : 2026-02-24 17:16 UTC (5 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.9news.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.9news.com)
        
       | downrightmike wrote:
       | Anti-Pinkerton Fed act: Gov't may not buy services that it is not
       | legally allowed to do themselves.
        
         | josefritzishere wrote:
         | citation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-
         | Pinkerton_Act_of_1893
        
         | tptacek wrote:
         | Municipal governments are extremely allowed to track license
         | plates within their borders and have been doing so for
         | generations.
        
           | samrus wrote:
           | But do they not need a warrant to track someones movements?
           | 
           | Alot of these tech vendors have been a way to launder data
           | gathering to avoid neeidng to get warrants
        
             | tptacek wrote:
             | They need a warrant to physically alter or attach things to
             | private property to track them. They don't need a warrant
             | to post monitors and record what they see in plain view in
             | public spaces with no expectation of privacy. The entire
             | concept of a license plate, universal around the world,
             | works against the idea that the state can't monitor your
             | car.
             | 
             | I'm not saying ALPRs don't pose new privacy problems and,
             | in the long term, depending on how they're used, even
             | constitutional problems. But clearly the Anti-Pinkerton Act
             | doesn't get you anywhere here.
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | > They don't need a warrant to post monitors and record
               | what they see in plain view in public spaces with no
               | expectation of privacy.
               | 
               | They do if it's done to the point where you can track
               | individuals around the city.
               | 
               | https://www.ca4.uscourts.gov/opinions/201495A.P.pdf
               | 
               | > The AIR program uses aerial photography to track
               | movements related to serious crimes. Multiple planes fly
               | distinct orbits above Baltimore, equipped with PSS's
               | camera technology known as the "Hawkeye Wide Area Imaging
               | System." The cameras capture roughly 32 square miles per
               | image per second. The planes fly at least 40 hours a
               | week, obtaining an estimated twelve hours of coverage of
               | around 90% of the city each day, 5 weather permitting.
               | The PSA limits collection to daylight hours and limits
               | the photographic resolution to one pixel per person or
               | vehicle, though neither restriction is required by the
               | technology. In other words, any single AIR image--
               | captured once per second--includes around 32 square miles
               | of Baltimore and can be magnified to a point where people
               | and cars are individually visible, but only as blurred
               | dots or blobs.
               | 
               | > On the merits, because the AIR program enables police
               | to deduce from the whole of individuals' movements, we
               | hold that accessing its data is a search, and its
               | warrantless operation violates the Fourth Amendment
        
               | tptacek wrote:
               | The decision you're citing explicitly cites precedent for
               | the constitutionality of warrantless mounted pole
               | cameras.
               | 
               | Anyways, I'm not that interested in the broader long-term
               | constitutional debate. I'm just interested in shutting
               | down the glib Anti-Pinkerton cite.
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | > The decision you're citing explicitly cites precedent
               | for the constitutionality of warrantless mounted pole
               | cameras.
               | 
               | And explicity notes that it's the relative scarcity of
               | them that matters.
               | 
               | > Decades later, in United States v. Jones, 565 U.S. 400
               | (2012), location-tracking technology crossed the line
               | from merely augmenting to impermissibly enhancing. There,
               | police used a GPS-tracking device to remotely monitor and
               | record a vehicle's movements over 28 days. Id. at 402-04.
               | Although the case was ultimately decided on trespass
               | principles, five Justices agreed that "longer term GPS
               | monitoring . . . impinges on expectations of privacy."
               | See id. at 430 (Alito, J., concurring); id. at 415
               | (Sotomayor, J., concurring). Based on "[t]raditional
               | surveillance" capacity "[i]n the precomputer age," the
               | Justices reasoned that "society's expectation" was that
               | police would not "secretly monitor and catalogue every
               | single movement of an individual's car for a very long
               | period."
               | 
               | > Thus, Carpenter solidified the line between short-term
               | tracking of public movements--akin to what law
               | enforcement could do "[p]rior to the digital age"--and
               | prolonged tracking that can reveal intimate details
               | through habits and patterns.
               | 
               | Put enough of them up, and the software to track between
               | them, and you're in "enables police to deduce from the
               | whole of individuals' movements" territory.
        
               | tptacek wrote:
               | Maybe! I'm skeptical. Either way: Anti-Pinkerton doesn't
               | come into it.
               | 
               | I'll tell you what's not going to happen, with certainty:
               | we're not going to get to a point with ALPRs where it
               | becomes so abusive that the Supreme Court decides
               | municipalities can't track cars at all.
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | > we're not going to get to a point with ALPRs where it
               | becomes so abusive that the Supreme Court decides
               | municipalities can't track cars at all
               | 
               | Sure. But they may get _restricted_ somewhat, as they are
               | if they want to demolish my house without my consent.
        
             | mminer237 wrote:
             | It depends on how. The Fourth Amendment prohibits
             | warrantless searches, not any information itself. The
             | police can always just have an officer tail you 24/7, and
             | it's perfectly legal. Placing a GPS tracker on your car
             | physically invades your property and therefore counts as a
             | search though. Generally any public photography is not a
             | search, so they're free to record and keep records however
             | they legally can.
             | 
             | Though at some point, even SCOTUS just does whatever feels
             | right, regardless of what the law says. In _Carpenter_ ,
             | SCOTUS ruled 5-4 that your cellular company voluntarily
             | handing over historical cell data also counts as a
             | government search. An appellate court has held that if
             | photography is extensive enough, it becomes a search.
             | SCOTUS has held before that uncommon photographic equipment
             | can constitute a search. That logic honestly doesn't really
             | make sense, but it is what it is now. I wouldn't be
             | surprised that the courts rule against it, but that's not
             | what the law really says.
        
           | ceejayoz wrote:
           | That may change as they get more widely deployed; scale
           | matters.
           | 
           | https://courthousenews.com/judge-holds-norfolks-license-
           | plat...
           | 
           | > "Because rapid technological advances, such as the rise of
           | artificial intelligence, make it impossible to predict how
           | police surveillance will evolve, the Fourth Amendment
           | analysis must remain nimble even as it remains grounded in
           | founding-era traditions," the George W. Bush appointee wrote
           | in a 51-page opinion. _" Plaintiffs are unable to demonstrate
           | that defendants' ALPR system is capable of tracking the whole
           | of a person's movements."_
           | 
           | > Davis drew distinctions from two significant precedents in
           | determining that the pair's Fourth Amendment challenge lacked
           | merit. In Carpenter v. United States, the Supreme Court held
           | that the government violates the Fourth Amendment when it
           | accesses a suspect's historical cell site location
           | information without a warrant. The Fourth Circuit ruled in
           | Leaders of a Beautiful Struggle v. Baltimore Police
           | Department that the department's surveillance program, which
           | captured and stored aerial images of nearly the entire city,
           | violated the Fourth Amendment.
           | 
           | > Davis ruled that, unlike in cases where the government
           | tracked people's movements through cellphone data and aerial
           | photos, the collection of Flock data does not capture enough
           | information to catalogue citizens' movements in their
           | entirety. Davis reasoned that the 176 cameras, located in 75
           | clusters across the city, do not constitute a search.
        
       | tptacek wrote:
       | This is going to happen in a lot of places that aren't large
       | enough to make news: people dumping Flock over bad publicity, and
       | simply installing ALPR cameras from vendors smart enough not to
       | get themselves embroiled in politics.
        
         | fusslo wrote:
         | AXON seems to be really good about not pushing things too far.
         | I don't know if they lobby/amplify the need for police body
         | cameras, however. Even that, IMO, doesn't have the stench of
         | evil
         | 
         | They must be making huge profits, assuming every bodycam needs
         | some kind of recurring revenue (for evidence.com, maintenance,
         | replacements). BUT as far as I can tell, they are also taking
         | the judicial requirements very seriously. Unlike Flock, I
         | haven't heard anything about AXON providing tools to circumvent
         | the 4th amendment. In fact, AXON makes tools that make it
         | easier to comply with the law. For example, record requests for
         | bodycam videos are (again, afaik) easy to satisfy with their
         | tech.
         | 
         | I don't know what ownership they have of videos stored on their
         | services. Can they use it for LLM training? can they sell
         | anonymized data? do they? no idea, but trust in Flock is at
         | about a 0 out of 10.
        
           | reactordev wrote:
           | AXON wrote the book that Flock put into practice. They have
           | really great lobbyists that shield them from any news.
        
             | tptacek wrote:
             | And yet you can see on this thread people saying this is a
             | good thing, because Axon is the good kind of ALPR company
             | and Flock is the bad kind. This is just WWF rooting
             | interests, not public policy.
        
           | kylehotchkiss wrote:
           | Standardized bodycam implementation nationwide was a
           | fantastic improvement to policing post-2020. Axon seems to be
           | king of that coast to coast. Watching bodycam video on
           | YouTube has improved my perception of the police from "often
           | unethical jerks" to "wow, I can't believe the nonsense these
           | people have to deal with". Asshole cops now have to justify
           | their behavior before judges and their bosses in a way maybe
           | they didn't before.
           | 
           | Freedom of Information requests to axon seem to be given our
           | somewhat freely given how large the bodycam genre on Youtube
           | is.
        
       | xnx wrote:
       | Seems like a good move. Lots of value to ALPR systems responsibly
       | managed. Flock is just an ass of a company.
        
       | fundad wrote:
       | I thought Flock and Axon were affiliated.
        
         | terrabitz wrote:
         | No, two completely separate players. There was a partnership
         | agreement a while ago, but that got severed a while back
         | 
         | https://www.flocksafety.com/blog/axon-plans-to-sever-apis-wi...
        
       | thaumaturgy wrote:
       | Here in Oregon, I very nearly managed to get some decent
       | legislation drafted that would have required a number of strong
       | data protections from ALPR vendors.
       | 
       | Axon interfered _heavily_ with that process and -- after the
       | legislative workgroup had well concluded and just a couple of
       | hours before the Senate committee was to vote on it -- managed to
       | neuter one of the key protections in the bill.
       | 
       | Axon is not "better" than Flock, they are just slightly less
       | transparent about some aspects and slightly less radioactive.
       | 
       | Community groups that have formed and activated against Flock
       | should continue to harass local governments that immediately
       | switch to Axon as a replacement.
        
         | therobots927 wrote:
         | That's good to know. I agree the cameras are the root problem.
         | Flock exacerbated that problem and I think it's good for them
         | to get some negative publicity.
         | 
         | You could say similar things about Palantir - that it's just a
         | figurehead and that the NSA / TIA has similar capabilities but
         | it's still important to use the figurehead as an example to
         | others.
         | 
         | But yes in general I think it's important to not let this stop
         | here. Denver needs to be pressured to remove the cameras
         | entirely. This is a defensive move on Denver's part and it
         | shows they're on their back foot.
        
         | helterskelter wrote:
         | Fellow Oregonian here. Have you got any local resources? I've
         | been writing to my reps, framing ALPR's and cameras as a tool
         | the feds will coopt, but I'm pretty sure nobody reads anything
         | anymore.
        
           | thaumaturgy wrote:
           | We've got lots of local resources! I've been in the capitol
           | about half of the last two weeks, my partner is there right
           | now, we've been working closely with ACLU Oregon _and_
           | National, a couple of other legal firms are keeping a close
           | eye on this, and we 've built a grassroots network with
           | people from Eugene, Springfield, Portland, Bend, Florence,
           | and more.
           | 
           | Also, your Reps _do_ read your correspondence, and there 's a
           | critical moment coming up in this bill.
           | 
           | Drop me a line at contact@eyesoffeugene.org and I'll reply
           | with a Signal link and we can talk more.
        
             | helterskelter wrote:
             | Sorry, I don't like mixing my on- and offline identities,
             | but your site is a great resource and exactly what I was
             | looking for. I'll definitely be reaching out to my reps
             | about SB1516.
             | 
             | If you don't mind, what's the current situation with Flock
             | in Eugene? Last I heard was that EPD was ending their
             | relationship but it wasn't clear if the cameras were
             | actually going to be removed. I believe Springfield has
             | already gotten rid of theirs, and Florence voted to keep
             | them.
             | 
             | (By the way, thank you, you guys are doing invaluable work)
        
         | nxobject wrote:
         | Which legislator were you working with? (I'm not going to look
         | the bill up up on OLIS, if that's going to dox you.)
         | 
         | Funnily enough, Portland (apart from big box parking lots)
         | seems to be empty of those. I remember them trying to push
         | ShotSpotter and being slapped down by the city's progressive
         | wing.
        
           | thaumaturgy wrote:
           | I think at this point getting doxed is an inevitability. ;-)
           | 
           | I worked most closely with Senator Floyd Prozanski. He's my
           | local senator, and was in many ways an ideal fit for this.
           | After we successfully kicked Flock out of Eugene,
           | Springfield, and Lane County, he reached out to form a
           | legislative workgroup. Over a few months of effort, we
           | developed SB1516: https://olis.oregonlegislature.gov/liz/2026
           | R1/Measures/Overv...
           | 
           | Depending on where you fall on the spectrum of opinions on
           | ALPRs, this is either a sort of okay bill or a pretty
           | terrible bill.
        
             | philips wrote:
             | Do you have a delta on the bill after Axon intervened?
        
               | thaumaturgy wrote:
               | -12 is what was queued up for the vote up until 2:30 pm
               | that afternoon: https://olis.oregonlegislature.gov/liz/20
               | 26R1/Downloads/Prop...
               | 
               | -14 materialized, Prozanski called for a vote on -12,
               | Senator Braodman voted with Republicans against -12, and
               | then they unanimously voted in -14: https://olis.oregonle
               | gislature.gov/liz/2026R1/Downloads/Prop...
               | 
               | The sole difference between the two is that -14 removes
               | the following language: "'End-to-end encryption' means a
               | method of data encryption that ensures only the law
               | enforcement agency that owns the captured license plate
               | data possesses the capability to decrypt, access or grant
               | access to the captured license plate data."
               | 
               | This was just the latest move in a long, long series of
               | behind-the-scenes work by Axon to undermine the entire
               | bill throughout its development.
               | 
               | There's a lot more I'm eager to say about that process,
               | but we have some work to do before it all can be made
               | public.
        
         | anigbrowl wrote:
         | _Axon interfered heavily with that process and -- after the
         | legislative workgroup had well concluded and just a couple of
         | hours before the Senate committee was to vote on it -- managed
         | to neuter one of the key protections in the bill._
         | 
         | This is why I'm increasingly jaded with 'get involved with your
         | local legislative process!' proponents. If you don't have the
         | ability to lobby around the clock and make campaign or in-kind
         | political donations (and know how to communicate your
         | willingness to do that), then you're at a massive disadvantage.
         | As well, the process itself is highly corruptible, eg altering
         | the text of a bill just before a scheduled vote.
         | 
         | As a general matter, I'm increasingly disgusted with the
         | prevalence of tactics like holding votes in the dead of night
         | or in closed sessions. Politicians engage in a lot of tricks to
         | evade scrutiny from their constituents, relying on the fact
         | that once a piece of legislation is passed people might be
         | angry but the politician can often get away with saying 'there
         | was no other choice, we have to work within the process' or
         | some similar empty truism.
        
           | thaumaturgy wrote:
           | We need more good people getting involved to be able to
           | change the way this all works. And, in less than a year,
           | we've developed a ton of political capital and we're still
           | gaining ground. So, I would sincerely encourage anyone to
           | join this effort, or similar efforts in their area, and just
           | do whatever you can tolerate.
           | 
           | But also, having just been through this process (for my first
           | time!): however terrible you think the political process is,
           | it's _worse_.
        
             | SlightlyLeftPad wrote:
             | This is something I would LOVE to get involved with to
             | support. At the end of the day though, it's not something I
             | have a lot of extra unbillable time for and that's really
             | what the problem is.
        
         | helpfulclippy wrote:
         | I was aware of your bill and had some activity related to it.
         | Kudos to you and EOE for doing great work! Sorry your bill got
         | fucked. :(
         | 
         | I was seethed by what happened to it, and sadly unsurprised by
         | the attitude LE took. I want restraint, but I felt like so many
         | concessions had already been made to get it into work session.
         | E2EE was important, but we're still left with two ends that are
         | deeply untrustworthy, and a bunch of regulations about data
         | governance that I don't trust the state to be able to
         | meaningfully oversee... especially among a patchwork of LEAs
         | across the state. When lapses inevitably happen, I think
         | they're going to mostly undetected, and those that are will be
         | quietly swept under the rug without consequence to anyone.
        
       | officeplant wrote:
       | Evil Corp B has been demoted, Evil Corp A to take up the mantle.
        
       | psadauskas wrote:
       | Axon, the taser company? They're not any better, ethically
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Yd9nLQx3qQ
       | 
       | How about Denver just doesn't surveil its citizens, at all?
        
       | parineum wrote:
       | The service that Flock provides is the problem, not Flock.
       | Switching to another company to perform the same task makes no
       | difference.
        
       | baggachipz wrote:
       | How about... and hear me out, here... no ALPRs? Perhaps we
       | shouldn't be violating the Bill of Rights in the name of
       | "safety"?
        
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