[HN Gopher] ASML unveils EUV light source advance that could yie...
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       ASML unveils EUV light source advance that could yield 50% more
       chips by 2030
        
       Author : pieterr
       Score  : 197 points
       Date   : 2026-02-23 17:18 UTC (5 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.reuters.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.reuters.com)
        
       | throw0101a wrote:
       | So how small are individual components (e.g., transistors)
       | nowadays? Presumably there's a lower limit: once you're a few
       | atoms across, it seems that you can't go any smaller (?).
        
         | whazor wrote:
         | This is about increasing output per machine via upgrades.
        
         | ranger_danger wrote:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_nm_process
        
           | hinkley wrote:
           | I still think we should have gone with average gates per
           | square mm as a new yardstick. It would also make sense to the
           | Numbers Go Up people.
        
           | itopaloglu83 wrote:
           | It's going to be quite funny if they can go below 40nm in
           | gate pitch size, because they'll need to call it 0nm.
        
             | dogma1138 wrote:
             | They are moving to angstroms, hence 18A for example.
        
         | ahazred8ta wrote:
         | Gates are about 30-50 nm wide, even though they're called '3nm'
         | for marketing reasons.
        
           | phkahler wrote:
           | Metal pitch is 26nm. That means parallel wires can be placed
           | 2 wavelengths apart with 13.5nm light.
        
           | penguin_booze wrote:
           | Like free range chicken.
        
             | kakacik wrote:
             | You only need to live in reasonable place for that phrase
             | to have a proper meaning, across whole market from cheapest
             | to most expensive.
        
         | cyptus wrote:
         | some gates are only 10-14 nm wide, thats about 50 silicon
         | atoms!
        
       | et1337 wrote:
       | This video is a really cool dive into EUV for the uninitiated
       | (me) https://youtu.be/MiUHjLxm3V0?si=kEPSicC2WXYhcQ6L
        
         | hinkley wrote:
         | The whole "exploding tiny drops of metal" in the middle of this
         | is just Loony Toons. This machine is literally insane and two
         | of the companies I am long-long on would be completely fucked
         | without it.
        
           | patmorgan23 wrote:
           | You forgot WITH LASERS, and IN A VACUUM
        
           | atonse wrote:
           | Yes it was crazy when I first heard about it "wait what? they
           | shoot it in mid-air?" and that was before I found out they
           | did that like 30k times a second.
           | 
           | But now 100k times a second apparently. Humans are amazing.
        
             | hinkley wrote:
             | You have a machine that's basically a clean room inside and
             | one of the parts is essentially electrosputtering tin but
             | then throwing all the tin away and using the EM pulse from
             | the sputter to do work.
             | 
             | Oh and can you build it so it can run hundreds or thousands
             | of hours before being cleaned? Thanks byyyyyyyyeeeeee!
        
               | lelandbatey wrote:
               | The inside of those machines are far, far cleaner than
               | the inside of any clean room ever entered by a human.
               | They have to be _molecularly_ clean.
        
               | b3orn wrote:
               | Which isn't easy considering they explode tin droplets in
               | the machine. I think that's the point the other commenter
               | wanted to make.
        
             | flowerthoughts wrote:
             | > We are going to spray expensive stuff in an extremely
             | fine and precise line. Then we're going to shoot a laser at
             | each droplet.
             | 
             | < Why?!
             | 
             | > To make a better laser.
             | 
             | < Yes, of course you are.
             | 
             | > 100,000 times per second.
             | 
             | < [AFK, buying shares.]
        
               | hinkley wrote:
               | I have shares in one of their biggest customers, and one
               | of their customer's biggest customers.
               | 
               | We are quickly leaving the realm of dependent variables
               | still looking anything like diversification.
        
         | culi wrote:
         | Here's your link without the surveillance
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MiUHjLxm3V0
        
           | skrebbel wrote:
           | With _slightly less_ surveillance
        
             | lencastre wrote:
             | try duck player
        
         | hinkley wrote:
         | Okay this is weird.
         | 
         | > The key advancements in Monday's disclosure involved doubling
         | the number of tin drops to about 100,000 every second, and
         | shaping them into plasma using two smaller laser bursts, as
         | opposed to today's machines that use a single shaping burst.
         | 
         | This is covered in that video. Did they let him leak their Q1
         | plans?
        
           | hobofan wrote:
           | That has been covered before in other videos[0] that this is
           | their roadmap to higher power, so I'm also not sure what they
           | have announced now that wasn't previously announced.
           | 
           | [0]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MXnrzS3aGeM
        
         | eddyg wrote:
         | Or this video, which came out _before_ Veritasium 's
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B2482h_TNwg
        
           | Hikikomori wrote:
           | https://youtu.be/NGFhc8R_uO4
           | 
           | Or this presentation which came out way long ago.
        
             | kristjansson wrote:
             | This is worth the (re)watch every time it comes up.
        
           | EnPissant wrote:
           | I thought this video was a lot better than the Veritasium
           | video. The Veritasium video was awkward. I think they tried
           | to follow the formula from the (excellent) blue led video
           | that performed so well, but it just didn't work.
        
         | seanalltogether wrote:
         | The thing I didn't understand after watching that video was why
         | you need such an exotic solution to produce EUV light. We can
         | make lights no problem in the visible spectrum, we can make
         | xray machines easily enough that every doctors office can
         | afford one, what is it specifically about those wavelengths
         | that are so tricky.
        
           | on_the_train wrote:
           | It really is the specific wavelength. Higher or lower is
           | easier. But euv has tricky properties which make it feasible
           | for Lithography (although just barely it you have a look at
           | the optics) but hard to produce with high intensities.
        
             | YetAnotherNick wrote:
             | Any source to this? I am hearing this for the first time.
        
               | s0rce wrote:
               | ITs easy to make X-rays, you just hit a metal target with
               | electrons: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_tube
        
             | formerly_proven wrote:
             | Specifically, what makes x-rays easy to generate are these:
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Characteristic_X-ray In
             | essence, smashing electrons into atoms allows you to ionize
             | the _inner shell_ of an atom and when an electron drops
             | down from an outer shell, the excess energy is shed as
             | high-energy photons. This constrains the energy range of
             | X-ray tubes ( "smash electron into metal") to wavelengths
             | well below 13.5nm.
             | 
             | (These emission lines are also what is being used in x-ray
             | spectroscopy to identify elements)
        
               | s0rce wrote:
               | You can also generate broad spectrum bremsstrahlung
               | radiation easily, this is widely used for medical X-rays.
        
           | zozbot234 wrote:
           | There is such a thing as X-ray lithography, but it comes with
           | significant challenges that make it not really worth it
           | compared to EUV.
        
             | bpavuk wrote:
             | I'd like to hear more about these challenges
        
               | magicalhippo wrote:
               | As I understand it, primarly because due to the high
               | energy level of x-rays, light x-ray interacts very
               | differently with materials[1]. Primarily they get
               | absorbed, so very difficult to make mirrors or lenses,
               | which are crucial for litography to redirect and focus
               | the light on a specific miniscule point on the wafer.
               | 
               | The primary method is to rely grazing angle reflection,
               | but that per definition only allows you a tiny deflection
               | at a time, nothing like a parabolic mirror or whatnot.
               | 
               | [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_optics
        
               | newswasboring wrote:
               | All of these problems or equivalent still exist in EUV.
               | Litho industry had to kind of rethink the source and
               | scanner because it went from all lenses to all mirrors in
               | EUV. This is also why low NA and high NA EUV scanners
               | were different phases.
               | 
               | As I hear it, the decision had large economic component
               | related to Masks and even OPC.
        
       | on_the_train wrote:
       | This is a steep increase of power to get out of a vacuum system
       | that is highly sensitive to temperature changes.
        
       | onjectic wrote:
       | > SAN DIEGO, California
       | 
       | > to help retain the Dutch company's edge over emerging U.S. and
       | Chinese rivals
       | 
       | Great news, but what a strange attempt to equate the U.S. and
       | China in this and build a narrative. Cymer was founded in San
       | Diego.
        
         | petcat wrote:
         | Yeah it's an interesting angle in the article. The EUV light
         | source technology is completely designed, developed, and
         | manufactured by Cymer in California, which is a US company that
         | ASML acquired in 2013. If export control agreements were not in
         | place then ASML would have never been permitted to acquire
         | Cymer. And if they are not enforced then the US would almost
         | certainly require ASML to sell Cymer back to US ownership,
         | TikTok-style.
         | 
         | The reality is that it's American technology that is used in
         | ASML machines so I don't know why the article tries to frame it
         | like it's a competition.
        
           | ahartmetz wrote:
           | Which American rival would that be anyway? I have not heard
           | of any.
        
             | petcat wrote:
             | xLight is the promising new US competitor to Cymer. Lots of
             | funding from the US CHIPS And Science Act. Founded by Dept.
             | of Energy engineers who formerly worked on large-scale
             | X-Ray systems and particle accelerators.
        
               | ahartmetz wrote:
               | Oh, alright. I was thinking of full lithography machines.
        
           | merb wrote:
           | Your take is also a bad one. No what asml builds is not
           | American technology. Why asml succeeded is because they got
           | tons of company's and people to help them advance the
           | technology of the chip industry. Yes it wouldn't be possible
           | without the Americans. But it would also not be possible
           | without the Europeans, the Koreans, etc... what asml did was
           | basically ask the technology leaders in each field to build
           | their best product so that they can take their parts and
           | assembly this awesome piece of technology.
        
           | adrian_b wrote:
           | There is much more in an ASML machine, besides the UV source.
           | 
           | So the ASML machines combine technologies developed in
           | various places, not only in USA, even if the UV source is
           | indeed a critical component. While an ASML machine would not
           | work without the UV source, it would also not work without
           | many other critical optical and mechanical components.
           | 
           | If it were so easy to make a lithography machine when you
           | have a UV source, Cymer would have remained an independent
           | company or it would have been bought by a US company. Cymer
           | has been bought by their only customer.
           | 
           | The same happens when you look at a PC, it is likely that it
           | contains something essential that comes from USA, i.e. the
           | CPU logic may be designed by AMD, but the manufacturing
           | technology is designed in Taiwan, the memories may be
           | designed and made in Korea, other chips may be designed and
           | made in Taiwan, other components come from Japan, the PCB may
           | have been designed in Taiwan, but actually made in China, and
           | so on.
           | 
           | So yes, it has some important US technology in it, but there
           | is a very long way from a CPU logic design to a physical
           | computer and most of that rarely has anything to do with USA.
           | 
           | The same happens with an ASML machine.
        
         | christkv wrote:
         | I think the Japanese are also working on potentially competing
         | technology
        
       | xnx wrote:
       | > The company's researchers have found a way to boost the power
       | of the EUV light source to 1,000 watts from 600 watts now.
       | 
       | > "We see a reasonably clear path toward 1,500 watts, and no
       | fundamental reason why we couldn't get to 2,000 watts."
        
       | tromp wrote:
       | The light power increase is even more impressive at 67%:
       | 
       | > The company's researchers have found a way to boost the power
       | of the EUV light source to 1,000 watts from 600 watts now.
       | 
       | with more on the horizon:
       | 
       | > We see a reasonably clear path toward 1,500 watts, and no
       | fundamental reason why we couldn't get to 2,000 watts.
        
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       (page generated 2026-02-23 23:00 UTC)