[HN Gopher] Show HN: AI Timeline - 171 LLMs from Transformer (20...
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       Show HN: AI Timeline - 171 LLMs from Transformer (2017) to GPT-5.3
       (2026)
        
       Interactive timeline of every major Large Language Model.
       Filterable by open/closed source, searchable, 54 organizations
       tracked.
        
       Author : ai_bot
       Score  : 123 points
       Date   : 2026-02-23 09:07 UTC (13 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (llm-timeline.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (llm-timeline.com)
        
       | NitpickLawyer wrote:
       | Misses a few interesting early models: GPT-J (by Eleuther, using
       | gpt2 arch) was the first-ish model runnable on consumer hardware.
       | I actually had a thing running for a while in prod with real
       | users on this. And GPT-NeoX was their attempt to scale to gpt3
       | levels. It was 20b and was maybe the first glimpse that local
       | models might someday be usable (although local at the time was
       | questionable, quantisation wasn't as widely used, etc).
        
         | ai_bot wrote:
         | Great catches -- just added GPT-Neo (2.7B, Mar 2021), GPT-J
         | (6B, Jun 2021), and GPT-NeoX (20B, Apr 2022). Thanks!
        
         | pu_pe wrote:
         | GPT-J was the one that made me really interested in LLMs, as I
         | could run it on a 3090.
         | 
         | Some details on the timeline are not quite precise, and would
         | benefit from linking to a source so that everyone can verify
         | it. For example, HyperClOVA is listed as 204B parameters, but
         | it seems it used 560B parameters
         | (https://aclanthology.org/2021.emnlp-main.274/).
        
           | ai_bot wrote:
           | Great idea! Thanks
        
       | Maro wrote:
       | This would be interesting if each of them had a high-level
       | picture of the NN, "to scale", perhaps color coding the
       | components somehow. OnMouseScroll it would scroll through the
       | models, and you could see the networks become deeper, wider,
       | colors change, almost animated. That'd be cool.
        
       | jvillasante wrote:
       | Why is it hard in the times where AI itself can do it to add a
       | light mode to those blacks websites!? There are people that just
       | can't read dark mode!
        
         | ai_bot wrote:
         | Thank you! Sorry for the inconvenience. I'll add it a bit later
        
         | Lerc wrote:
         | Visual presentation has been a weak point of AI generation for
         | me. There isn't a lot of support for them seeing how a
         | potential presentation might appear to a human.
         | 
         | Models that take visual input seem more focused on identifying
         | what is in the image compared to what a human might perceive is
         | in an image, and most interfaces lack any form of automated
         | feedback mechanism for them to look at what it has made.
         | 
         | In short, I have made some fun things with AI but I still end
         | up doing CSS by hand.
        
       | varispeed wrote:
       | The models used for apps like Codex, are they designed to mimic
       | human behaviour - as in they deliberately create errors in code
       | that then you have to spend time debugging and fixing or it is
       | natural flaw and that humans also do it is a coincidence?
       | 
       | This keeps bothering me, why they need several iterations to
       | arrive at correct solution instead of doing it first time. The
       | prompts like "repeat solving it until it is correct" don't help.
        
         | embedding-shape wrote:
         | > as in they deliberately create errors in code that then you
         | have to spend time debugging and fixing
         | 
         | No, all the models are designed to be "helpful", but different
         | companies see that as different things.
         | 
         | If you're seeing the model deliberately creating errors so you
         | have something to fix, then that sounds like something is
         | fundamentally wrong in your prompt.
         | 
         | Besides that, I'm guessing "repeat solving it until it is
         | correct" is a concise version of your actual prompt, or is that
         | verbatim what you prompt the model? If so, you need to give it
         | more details to actually be able to execute something like
         | that.
        
           | koakuma-chan wrote:
           | > If you're seeing the model deliberately creating errors so
           | you have something to fix, then that sounds like something is
           | fundamentally wrong in your prompt.
           | 
           | No, all these models are just bad for anything that they
           | weren't RLed for, and decent for things they were. Decent,
           | because people who evaluate them aren't experts.
        
             | embedding-shape wrote:
             | > No, all these models are just bad for anything that they
             | weren't RLed for, and decent for things they were
             | 
             | Are you claiming that the models are RLed to intentionally
             | adding errors to our programs when you use them, or what's
             | the argument you're trying to make here? Otherwise I don't
             | see how it's relevant to how I said.
        
               | koakuma-chan wrote:
               | No, I am making the argument that models have poor
               | capabilities outside of tasks they are RLed for, and
               | their capabilities inside those tasks are only as good as
               | capabilities of people evaluating their responses, i.e.
               | not great. Even if you instruct the model "don't do X" or
               | "do X this way"--you cannot rely on the model following
               | that instruction. This means that there is nothing you
               | can do if model makes "errors."
               | 
               | Not necessarily relevant, but fun, I had the ChatGPT
               | model correct itself mid-response when checking my math
               | work. It started by saying that I was wrong, then it
               | proceeded to solve the problem and at the end it realized
               | that I was correct.
        
               | embedding-shape wrote:
               | > Even if you instruct the model "don't do X" or "do X
               | this way"--you cannot rely on the model following that
               | instruction.
               | 
               | Why not? I can definitively fire of two prompts to the
               | same model and harness, and one include "don't do X" and
               | the other doesn't, and I get what I expect, one didn't
               | try to avoid doing X, and the other did. Is that not your
               | experience using LLMs?
        
               | koakuma-chan wrote:
               | It depends on the instruction, and how many other
               | instructions there are. Models converge on doing things
               | the way that emerged from their training, and with every
               | turn the model cares less and less about your
               | instructions. In practice, this means that after you had
               | the model plan and execute the plan, you almost always
               | end up having to iterate on the output because during the
               | process of outputting the output the model began to
               | derail and ignore instructions. You get things like "In a
               | real app, we would do X, for now, just return null" or
               | various subtle bugs.
               | 
               | It makes sense if you remember that it just predicts,
               | what should probably be the next piece of text?
        
               | embedding-shape wrote:
               | I understand how they work, as I do work with them
               | everyday and been doing so for two years or so. What I
               | don't understand, is how what you're saying is in any way
               | related to the whole "deliberately create errors in code"
               | part, which is where I jumped into the discussion.
               | 
               | Maybe I'm missing some bigger picture you're trying to
               | paint here? I understand (and see) them making "mistakes"
               | all the time, and I guess you could argue it's deliberate
               | in some way, because it's simply how they work and
               | adjusting the prompt and redoing usually solves the
               | problem. But I'm afraid I don't see how it's connected,
               | at least yet.
        
               | koakuma-chan wrote:
               | Nope, no bigger picture. That's all I meant.
        
           | varispeed wrote:
           | > then that sounds like something is fundamentally wrong in
           | your prompt.
           | 
           | I am holding it wrong?
        
             | embedding-shape wrote:
             | Some things take a bit of skill to use, yes. Like not
             | everyone can play music with a guitar, you need to train a
             | bit before it sounds OK.
        
       | hmokiguess wrote:
       | Would be nice to see some charts and perhaps an average of the
       | cycles with a prediction of the next one based on it
        
       | YetAnotherNick wrote:
       | It misses almost every milestones, and lists Llama 3.1 as
       | milestone. T5 was much bigger milestone than almost everything in
       | the list.
        
         | embedding-shape wrote:
         | > T5 was much bigger milestone than almost everything in the
         | list.
         | 
         | It's in the timeline though? Or are you saying that one should
         | somehow be highlighted, even though none of the other ones are?
         | Seems it's just chronological order, with no one being more or
         | less visible than others, as far as I can see.
        
           | YetAnotherNick wrote:
           | Some are highlighted and listed as milestones.
        
         | ai_bot wrote:
         | Fair point on T5 -- just marked it as a milestone. On Llama
         | 3.1: it's there as a milestone because it was the first open
         | model to match GPT-4 at 405B, which felt like a genuine
         | inflection point. Happy to debate the milestone criteria though
         | -- what would you add?
        
           | YetAnotherNick wrote:
           | That was llama 3, which is marked as milestone already.
           | 
           | Also I would say add apple/DCLM-7B(not as milestone imo) as
           | it was kind of the first fully open model which was at least
           | somewhat competitive with closed data model.
        
       | EpicIvo wrote:
       | Great site! I noticed a minor visual glitch where the tooltips
       | seem to be rendering below their container on the z-axis,
       | possibly getting clipped or hidden.
        
         | ai_bot wrote:
         | Thanks for the feedback! I'll fix it asap.
        
       | adt wrote:
       | 750+ here:
       | 
       | https://lifearchitect.ai/models-table/
        
         | ai_bot wrote:
         | Great resource -- Dr. Thompson's table is exhaustive. llm-
         | timeline.com takes a different angle: visual timeline format,
         | focused on base/foundation models only, filterable by
         | open/closed source. Different tools for different needs.
        
       | wobblywobbegong wrote:
       | Calling this "The complete history of AI" seems wrong. LLM's are
       | not all AI there is, and it has existed for way longer than
       | people realize.
        
         | nubg wrote:
         | Most of "AI" before ChatGPT was just researchers wasting public
         | grant money, eg BLOOM.
        
           | gordonhart wrote:
           | Easy to forget but there was a ton of industry+investor
           | excitement around computer vision from ~2015-2021, to the
           | extent that the "MLops" niche sprung up around it. This was
           | called AI at the time, and mostly went out the window when
           | general-pupose pretrained models arrived.
        
             | stuxnet79 wrote:
             | I would place the beginning of the computer vision hype at
             | 2012 or so when the AlexNet paper came out.
             | 
             | Also an aside, it is mind boggling to me how pre-2021 ML is
             | now ancient history.
        
           | bigstrat2003 wrote:
           | And now it's private companies wasting investor money. Not
           | sure there's much difference between the two.
        
           | _verandaguy wrote:
           | This is ignoring ML which has existed for decades.
           | 
           | Neural networks, computer vision, sentiment analysis, all of
           | these and more have provided an unspeakable amount of value
           | over the years.
        
         | ai_bot wrote:
         | Fair point -- updated the tagline to 'The complete history of
         | LLMs'. AI as a field goes back decades; this is specifically
         | tracking the transformer/LLM era from 2017 onward
        
       | jcims wrote:
       | I was born in 1973. My grandson was born in 2022. He won't know a
       | world without 'AI' much like my kids didn't know a world without
       | the Internet and I didn't know a world without refrigerators.
       | 
       | One thing I regret to say that I learned very late in my
       | children's development was the value of boredom and difficult
       | challenges. However I think I've successfully passed these
       | lessons on to my kids as they raise their own. I have no idea
       | what to say about 'AI' and the rapid reconfiguration of our
       | relationship with the world that's going to happen as a result.
       | All I can tell them is that we're in this together and we'll try
       | to figure it out as we go.
       | 
       | Good luck everybody!
        
         | roegerle wrote:
         | I feel so old now
        
           | NoOn3 wrote:
           | You know a world without refrigerators? :)
        
         | tadfisher wrote:
         | I would think your parents thought about television more than
         | refrigerators. That's one technology that really set the world
         | on a new trajectory. Imagine if Nixon won the presidency in
         | 1960, if we didn't have real-time video of the Apollo landings,
         | or if America stayed in Vietnam for another ten years.
        
           | HPsquared wrote:
           | Television and radio set the parameters for the "single-
           | stream culture" that emerged in the 20th century. Mostly a
           | result of the limited bandwidth of early broadcast
           | technology, so everyone had to watch the same few channels.
           | 
           | Web 2.0 broke this into millions of creators. Generative AI
           | produces everything on-demand, but again there is a small
           | number of (polymorphic) models producing the content.
        
       | badsectoracula wrote:
       | Interesting site, though it does seem to miss some of Mistral's
       | stuff - specifically, Mistral Small 3 which was released under
       | Apache 2.0 (which AFAIK was the first in the Mistral Small series
       | to use a fully open license - previous Mistral Small releases
       | were under their own non-commercial research license) and its
       | derivatives (e.g. Devstral -aka Devstral Small 1- which is
       | derived from Mistral Small 3.1). It is also missing Devstral 2
       | (which is not really open source but more of a "MIT unless you
       | have lot of money") and Devstral Small 2 (which is under Apache
       | 2.0 and the successor to Devstral [Small] - and interestingly
       | also derived from Mistral Small 3.1 instead of 3.2).
        
         | ai_bot wrote:
         | Good catches -- just added Devstral Small 1 (May 2025, Apache
         | 2.0), Devstral 2 (Dec 2025, modified MIT), and Devstral Small 2
         | (Dec 2025, Apache 2.0). Thanks for the feedback!
        
       | Panoramix wrote:
       | Nice overview. Some of the descriptions are quite thin on
       | details, like "new model by x", or "latest model by y". Well of
       | course it was new at the time but that doesn't really add
       | information.
        
       | Sajarin wrote:
       | Shameless plug but made a similar tree here:
       | https://sajarin.com/blog/modeltree/
        
         | l-p wrote:
         | Thanks, that's way more useful to me.
         | 
         | Allow me to contribute:
         | 
         | > Magistral: Magist(rate) + stral? Mag(nificent) + stral?
         | Nobody knows.
         | 
         | That's just French for "masterful" or a way to describe
         | lectures. There's a sense of greatness in that word that
         | contrasts with the Mini in Ministral which is in turn might be
         | a pun on "menestrel" (minstrel), "ministre" (minister), or made
         | to sound like Minitel (or all of the above).
        
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       (page generated 2026-02-23 23:01 UTC)