[HN Gopher] America vs. Singapore: You can't save your way out o...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       America vs. Singapore: You can't save your way out of economic
       shocks
        
       Author : guardianbob
       Score  : 186 points
       Date   : 2026-02-19 14:52 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.governance.fyi)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.governance.fyi)
        
       | rayiner wrote:
       | A confounding factor here is that savings behavior is cultural
       | rooted: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6135367/.
       | Studies show that people within a country can have substantially
       | different savings behaviors, robustly correlated with their
       | origin countries, even among people who are third generation
       | immigrants. It's a mistake to treat either the U.S. or Singapore
       | as homogenous populations for purposes of this analysis.
        
         | guardianbob wrote:
         | Both sides see declines when hit with economic shocks
         | 
         | We are talking about material impacts, not culture
        
         | janalsncm wrote:
         | 75% of Singaporeans are ethnically Chinese so based on what you
         | are saying it would be worth comparing SG Chinese to Chinese CN
         | on regret since China has a much less robust safety net.
        
       | mothballed wrote:
       | Singapore has a _regressive_ shock absorber model where something
       | like half the country are immigrants that are ineligible for,
       | say, public housing which even the better off citizens take
       | advantage of in Singapore (maybe even disproportionately so since
       | there can be a long wait to get in, you are older and more
       | settled at that point). Immigrants that get milked dry and go
       | broke and jobless during a shock are booted from the country
       | before they can be polled.
       | 
       | ------ re: below due to throttling -------------
       | 
       | Vs say US, where immigrants and those funding public housing are
       | generally _better off_ than the people getting subsidized
       | housing. Public housing is more a progressive than regressive tax
       | in the US, so quite dissimilar. Immigrants in US are on average
       | far better off than those on public housing. Asking  "but how is
       | this any different" (after I already answered it, lol) over and
       | over doesn't negate this, nor the fact that immigrants are like
       | half of workers in Singapore vs only 10% in the US so the funding
       | dynamic and dependency is far different.
        
         | dangus wrote:
         | That sounds quite similar to the US.
        
         | joe_mamba wrote:
         | _> Singapore has a regressive shock absorber model where
         | something like half the country are immigrants that are
         | ineligible for, say, public housing which even the better off
         | citizens take advantage of in Singapore_
         | 
         | It's similar in Vienna where only native Viennese are
         | immediately eligible for social housing, but outsiders will end
         | up paying into the system without being eligible.
        
           | erichocean wrote:
           | > _outsiders will end up paying into the system_
           | 
           | By definition, outsiders don't have to pay into the system
           | since they already have a gov't somewhere else that is
           | dedicated to them, just like the Viennese do.
        
             | joe_mamba wrote:
             | _> By definition, outsiders don't have to pay into the
             | system_
             | 
             | They absolutely do pay into the system when they move to
             | and work in Vienna. By outsiders in this context I meant
             | foreign workers. I assumed that was clear from the context
             | of the discussion.
        
               | erichocean wrote:
               | > _I meant foreign workers_
               | 
               | So did I. Being foreign, they can work at home and not
               | pay into a system they have no part of. Problem solved.
        
               | joe_mamba wrote:
               | When you move to live and work in Vienna you become part
               | of the system since you pay income + other taxes, just
               | like the locals, except unlike the locals, you don't get
               | social housing.
               | 
               | Unless of course ... your comment was just an anti
               | immigration dogwhsitle from the start, in which case you
               | should just said THAT instead, and not waste people's
               | time with cumbersome allegories masquerading as
               | arguments.
        
         | eunos wrote:
         | I think you can buy if youre PR and married (or old enough). If
         | you are lucky you can receive your PR in 1 year.
        
           | kccqzy wrote:
           | The Singapore PR system is purposefully racist. If you are
           | white, your probability of getting a PR and citizenship is
           | way lower than someone of the Chinese race. The government
           | does not want significant changes to the country's racial
           | composition.
        
         | finolex1 wrote:
         | How is that different from the US? Immigrants also get booted
         | here if they lose their job. They also pay social security,
         | Medicare, and other taxes but usually don't get the benefits
         | unless they stay here for long enough and get a green card.
        
           | paxys wrote:
           | The difference is the number. Workers on temporary visas make
           | up ~1% of the labor force in the US. And a large chunk of
           | them will eventually get citizenship or permanent residency
           | and qualify for benefits later in life.
           | 
           | Countries like Singapore and all of the Middle East meanwhile
           | rely on a revolving door of cheap immigrant labor. In the
           | extreme cases like Qatar 95% of the working population are on
           | short term visas. Most of these countries don't have a
           | pathway to citizenship at all for this worker class. You
           | could live there, work and pay taxes for 10 or 20 or 50
           | years, but the day you "retire" you need to pack up and
           | leave.
        
             | temp8830 wrote:
             | The US also has a huge pool of undocumented immigrants who
             | don't get any benefits, don't pay into the social security
             | system, and can be paid below minimum wage (because
             | officially they don't exist). Any time this labor supply is
             | threatened, the construction and agriculture industries
             | rise up (and probably sponsor all those massive protests
             | you see in the news).
        
               | u8vov8 wrote:
               | No one is paying protesters, people like us in
               | Minneapolis actually do organically hate the current
               | regime and its apologists (you?) that much.
        
               | u8vov8 wrote:
               | And undocumented immigrants pay around 25 billion dollars
               | annually into social security
        
               | janalsncm wrote:
               | > probably sponsor all those massive protests you see in
               | the news
               | 
               | Most Americans do not need to be paid to dislike fascism.
        
       | Aperocky wrote:
       | This article seem to be confounding external impact with internal
       | motivation.
       | 
       | Yes the jobloss impact caused the people to be unable to save and
       | in turn they wished they have saved more.. but ignored is whether
       | they _could_ to begin with.
       | 
       | Of course external impact had little to do with internal
       | procrastination.
        
         | dangus wrote:
         | Maybe I read the article too fast but I didn't get that
         | takeaway at all?
         | 
         | It's basically just saying that the uninsured catastrophic
         | event risk in America magnifies shock events.
         | 
         | E.g., if you have a major hospital visit in America you're way
         | more likely to regret not saving enough, but in Singapore
         | there's basically no effect since hospital stays don't drain
         | your savings account.
        
           | guardianbob wrote:
           | That's what I also got from this article
           | 
           | Not just healthcare stuff, but also apparently Singaporeans
           | tend to have a lower unemployment rate, so they be able to
           | recover from stuff faster
        
         | ebiester wrote:
         | It's not confounding at all. It's making the point that
         | internal motivation, according to the study, has no major
         | factor in savings regret.
         | 
         | It says that understanding risk (as operationalized by
         | understanding probability) has a larger effect.
         | 
         | But it is also saying that the more external impact someone
         | has, the more they regret saving more -- in the United States
         | but not Singapore.
         | 
         | The study is explicitly saying that internal motivation does
         | not seem to matter. And the article is arguing the reason why.
        
       | hnthrow0287345 wrote:
       | >They're failing to save because the world is rough, and their
       | institutions don't do enough to help them weather it.
       | 
       | Well, America is rough. It turned on hardcore capitalism mode for
       | itself because a significant portion of its population wants to
       | try and solo socioeconomic hardships and hates any one who
       | doesn't want the same challenge.
       | 
       | But not to just blame the voter, lots of money is spent for
       | setting up systems to be amenable to acquiring more money. The
       | very richest have correctly made a bet that uprisings to displace
       | the wealthy and politicians just don't occur here these days, and
       | therefore there is no real threat or need to change the way
       | things have been going for the last 25 years or so.
        
         | vladms wrote:
         | Isn't it more a cultural issue though? As a European, I think
         | many Americans take pride and love to succeed "on their own"
         | and accept they could "die trying" (exaggerating a bit, hence
         | the quotes, but the feeling holds).
         | 
         | Yes, the systems are amenable to acquiring more money, but I
         | would claim that all that the richest need to do is to push the
         | idea that "anyone can make it" - which was probably (more) true
         | 50 years ago, but is probably an illusion today (some comments
         | at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socioeconomic_mobility_in_the
         | _...).
         | 
         | Edit: I do not claim one model is better than the other; just
         | that the culture influences the outcome more than other
         | aspects.
        
           | irishcoffee wrote:
           | Most Americans I know in my middling years are counting on
           | the government to support them in their old age, quite the
           | opposite that you're exposed to via online manipulation
           | hitpeices.
        
             | bluGill wrote:
             | And the government will - sortof. It is enough to eat and
             | keep the heat on. However if you want anything other than a
             | basic simple life (travel, hobbies...) it is easy to run
             | out of money.
        
             | nozzlegear wrote:
             | Depends on which cohort of Americans you're talking about,
             | but it's less that they see it as the government supporting
             | them and more that they see it as the government "giving
             | back what they owe." Social Security and Medicare have
             | always been framed as something you pay into now and get
             | back later in life, like you're lending money to the
             | government. That's why most Americans don't view it as
             | government support in the way Europeans do, and why they
             | see no hypocrisy in spitting venom at "government handouts"
             | while cashing their Social Security check and Medicare
             | coverage.
        
             | vladms wrote:
             | I was talking mostly about Americans I met. What might be
             | true though is that probably I met the well off ones and
             | between 30 and 40, which might like the idea of "we are
             | great because we made it". But they all seemed (to me) that
             | they were extremely focused on work (like: no particular
             | hobbies, no knowledge of fields outside their work).
             | 
             | Some of my impression seems to be confirmed by data, for
             | example (did not check in detail but I have seen similar
             | ideas): "Even so, the average 40-hour-per-week employee in
             | the U.S. is working 400 more hours annually -- the
             | equivalent of 10 more weeks -- than employees in Germany."
             | https://money.com/americans-work-hours-vs-europe-china/
        
           | jorblumesea wrote:
           | if by "culture" you mean rampant corporate propagandized
           | media then yes. the US has historically been pretty close to
           | europe over the last 100 years on many aspects. In the 70s
           | there was legitimate debate about college being free. Now the
           | debate is how much debt someone should take on. The overton
           | window has shifted significantly since the 80s. We're now
           | more like Russia with an entrenched oligarchy.
        
           | eli_gottlieb wrote:
           | > Isn't it more a cultural issue though?
           | 
           | No. Culture is downstream of institutions.
        
           | boelboel wrote:
           | A large part of it is originally rooted in racism if you look
           | how the US implemented its welfare state. Many benefits were
           | skewed towards white americans (GI Bill, right to claim land,
           | redlining and social security). I'm sure most Americans
           | aren't nearly as racist right now as back then but the being
           | 'on their own' is linked to the 'don't want 'lazy' african
           | americans to get benefits'.
        
             | CamperBob2 wrote:
             | How were Social Security and the GI Bill skewed towards
             | white Americans, exactly? I haven't heard that before.
        
         | arolihas wrote:
         | Like half of our budget goes to welfare (Social Security,
         | Medicare, Medicaid, Income Security, etc).
         | https://www.usaspending.gov/explorer/budget_function
        
           | phkahler wrote:
           | Social Security is a separate tax in a separate fund
           | (invested in T-bonds). If you split that out of the budget,
           | the budget looks even worse. The boomers retiring is just
           | going to be bonds maturing without the holder (social
           | security) reinvesting the money.
        
             | arolihas wrote:
             | Boomers are getting way more than they ever put in.
        
           | danny_codes wrote:
           | And yet that GINI keeps rising and cost of living outpaces
           | inflation over the past 40 years in housing, healthcare, and
           | education. If you are bottom quintile, maybe bottom 2, you
           | are poorer now than 40 years ago on average. Recent policy
           | changes seek to drop the third quintile as well.
           | 
           | America is designed for rich people
        
             | arolihas wrote:
             | The bottom quintile gets everything handed to them and it's
             | still not enough. We all live at the mercy of them and
             | their dysfunction.
        
               | bubblewand wrote:
               | Seeing an actual "Lucky Ducky!" in the wild is always a
               | trip.
        
           | Herring wrote:
           | Yes, the US spends by far the most on healthcare per capita,
           | and still gets the worst outcomes. It's not about throwing
           | money at problems. You have to actually solve them (and want
           | to solve them).
        
           | yoyohello13 wrote:
           | What annoys me the most about this is I'm like 80% sure none
           | of those programs will exist by the time I retire.
        
             | lotsofpulp wrote:
             | The programs will exist, the purchasing power (or
             | quantity/quality of the benefits) will not.
        
             | supertrope wrote:
             | https://www.whitecoatinvestor.com/social-security-is-not-
             | goi...
        
       | InkCanon wrote:
       | Singapore's economic policies are complicated and often
       | misdirecting. I'll break down the misconceptions.
       | 
       | The primary purpose of CPF is not a pension scheme. It is
       | structured as a massive _forced bond purchase scheme_ by
       | citizens. Financially what happens is the 37% of citizen income
       | buys a long term bond (till retirement age, on average decades)
       | at rock bottom interest rates (it 's pegged to the overnight rate
       | or a minimum of 2.6%). The returns are specifically decoupled
       | from the real long term returns. This has historical roots in the
       | government needing vast capital financing. They make enormous
       | amounts of the delta between the short term interest rate and
       | long term capital gains. Singapore has no oil or natural
       | resources, but it's sovereign wealth fund has AUM in the regions
       | of countries like Norway which do for this reason. It is not a
       | shock absorber like the article suggests. The withdrawal terms
       | are strict - housing, a significant medical expense and
       | retirement are the only real ways to get money out of it.
       | 
       | "Trying to keep people employed" is a goal, not a policy. In fact
       | the Singapore government maintains a large worker supply through
       | immigration. The foreign worker population, ~30%. The main goal
       | of the government is to maximize the absolute number of people
       | working.
       | 
       | The reason it raising the retirement age is effective in
       | workforce participation is because most people have no choice.
       | Retirement only pays out after the age. The working life of an
       | average Singaporean has seen 37% gone to CPF, maybe another 10%
       | to income taxes, another 5% to GST, road tax, property tax, etc.
       | After all this there's the astronomical cost of living. This is
       | also intentional, to raise the number of employees.
        
         | ecshafer wrote:
         | The CPF sounds pretty clever. It covers a major individual cost
         | and need (retirement, medical, housing) instead of just
         | throwing it into a tax. It makes the government money. This
         | sounds like a win win kind of policy.
        
           | foxyv wrote:
           | Why does the government get to decide when we retire?
        
             | paxys wrote:
             | You can retire whenever you want. The government decides
             | when to start funding it.
             | 
             | As for why - the same reason why they get to decide what
             | side of the road you drive on and what laws you follow.
             | They rule the patch of land you were born on, and if you
             | don't like it you can either participate in the system
             | (assuming it's a democracy) or leave.
        
               | foxyv wrote:
               | This boils down to a "Might makes right" claim. It
               | doesn't answer the question why. Only how.
        
               | paxys wrote:
               | What question do you want answered exactly? Why we have
               | governments and not anarchy?
        
               | foxyv wrote:
               | Why does the government get to decide when we retire?
        
               | paxys wrote:
               | Like I said, they don't. You can retire today. They
               | decide when you get access to a national retirement plan.
               | Citizens of the country vote for that plan and how it is
               | implemented.
        
               | foxyv wrote:
               | I personally could retire today. Most people can't. There
               | is no referendum I remember where we decided to raise the
               | retirement age. It seems like our government just kind of
               | decided to do so.
        
               | seanmcdirmid wrote:
               | Couldn't you say the same thing about social security or
               | pensions? There is a lot of economic forces that direct
               | people to work until a certain age, the government
               | controlling a benefit is only one of them. As to why,
               | you'll need to dissect representative democracies in
               | Singapore's case.
        
               | rayiner wrote:
               | You can retire whenever you want, but you specifically
               | would probably die in the wilderness.
        
               | foxyv wrote:
               | You apparently know very little about me.
               | 
               | Edit: Although, when my time comes as it inevitably will,
               | I think the wilderness would be a nice place to do it.
               | Maybe in a tree.
        
               | jonahx wrote:
               | It _definitely_ answers why. You are asking for an appeal
               | to some _moral_ justification. But there isn 't one, and
               | it doesn't matter. _That 's_ the whole point of "might
               | makes right".
        
               | foxyv wrote:
               | In an attempt to steelman, you are saying:
               | 
               | "There is no moral justification for the government
               | setting a retirement age, but they are able to. So it
               | doesn't matter."
        
               | philwelch wrote:
               | The government doesn't set the retirement age. You can
               | retire whenever you want. There are no laws against a 50
               | year old retiring and living off his own savings, nor
               | against a 70 year old continuing to work.
               | 
               | There is a minimum age to collect old age benefits from
               | the government. The justification for that should be
               | obvious.
        
               | mothballed wrote:
               | But the CPF isn't represented as benefits from the
               | government. It's represented and claimed to be your own
               | savings that you have set aside. At gamed bond rates
               | where the government skims off the top.
        
               | foxyv wrote:
               | The choice between working and starving to death is not a
               | choice. If your savings have been taken by the
               | government, then you don't have a choice.
               | 
               | The justification is to force people to work until they
               | are too old to do so. Then steal whatever they have left
               | with medical bills and price hikes on necessities.
        
               | philwelch wrote:
               | And if I was emperor, I would abolish payroll taxes and
               | phase out Social Security. Unfortunately, we live in a
               | democracy.
        
               | mothballed wrote:
               | Social security was sold to the populace for purposes of
               | voting as "insurance." Lawmakers _straight up admitted_
               | they purposefully wrote the law in a confusing way[] --
               | resulting in evasion of democratic scrutiny and the
               | scrutiny of the constitution. Then they briefly switched
               | to not calling it insurance just for the purpose of
               | scrutiny of the courts.
               | 
               | Social Security constitutionality was ruled on just
               | months after the 'switch in time that saved 9' associated
               | with a threatening to pack the courts and evade the
               | checks and balances built into our "democracy." They
               | ruled it was covered under 'general welfare' in a way
               | that was totally historically inaccurate.
               | 
               | Furthermore, FDR and congress purposefully had it
               | packaged in an omnibus style bill to evade democratic
               | scrutiny over the individual portions, by purposefully
               | torpedoing other aid to needy individuals if SS didn't
               | pass, so that lawmakers wouldn't be able to vote on
               | democratic view of SS but rather being damned in a
               | catch-22 where they'd be accused of not helping out the
               | needy in other ways.
               | 
               | Basically the whole thing was designed to not only evade
               | democracy but also the constitution.
               | 
               | [] Recollections of the New Deal, by Thomas H. Eliot, pp.
               | 102-115 (Northeastern University Press, Boston, 1991).
        
               | jcranmer wrote:
               | > The justification is to force people to work until they
               | are too old to do so.
               | 
               | Actually, the justification is to _prevent_ old people
               | from having to work. Retirement didn 't really exist
               | until the creation of pension systems in the late 19th
               | century, and the modern social security system was a
               | poverty alleviation measure introduced in the 1930s.
               | Hell, social security was initially _resented_ by older
               | workers because of the cover it gave employers for firing
               | them for being too old.
        
               | jonahx wrote:
               | I'm just saying it _is_ the answer.
               | 
               | To make an overly dramatic analogy, if you were kidnapped
               | and asked why the kidnapper was able to hold you against
               | your will, the answer is because they've chained you up
               | and they have the gun, and so on. That's literally the
               | answer to _why_. The fact that what they 're doing is
               | morally wrong is completely irrelevant.
        
               | foxyv wrote:
               | I know why they are able, what I want people to think
               | about is "Why." The kidnapper has a reason.
        
               | mothballed wrote:
               | CPF makes a moral justification by arguing it is a
               | "savings and pension plan" under the auspices of a moral
               | justification of helping citizens set aside their own
               | money. The very first thing you are greeted with on their
               | website is that it's savings and an overview represents
               | it as "setting aside" your own funds.
               | 
               | The government makes a _moral justification_ of a savings
               | plan but then when we dig down to it it 's all ether and
               | really just a scheme for bond rate arbitrage for the
               | government.
               | 
               | The point isn't that might makes right is false, it's
               | that the moral justification is a facade.
        
               | forshaper wrote:
               | When are moral justifications not facades?
        
             | ecshafer wrote:
             | The government decides when we can retire and they help us
             | out. You can stop working today if you want, Government
             | shouldn't pay you for it for no reason. Your _duty_ as a
             | citizen is to work and build your nation, eventually the
             | government pays back that service with benefits.
        
               | foxyv wrote:
               | This isn't something the government gives you. It is
               | something they have confiscated and held on to.
               | 
               | > Your duty as a citizen is to work and build your nation
               | 
               | What about the duty of the trust fund babies and idle
               | wealthy? What about the duty of the capital owners? Why
               | is the retirement age going up instead of down as
               | productivity increases?
        
               | sam1714 wrote:
               | Not for the majority of retirement savings in the US,
               | where Social Security makes up only about 25%.
               | 
               | In the case of 401(k)s/DC plans and private pensions/DB
               | plans, the government allowed savings without
               | "confiscation," i.e. immediate taxation. They gave us the
               | benefit of deferred taxation if you wait until retirement
               | age.
        
               | foxyv wrote:
               | What about the people who do not make enough to save and
               | all their money goes to inflated living expenses? When do
               | they get to retire?
        
               | scottyah wrote:
               | because lifespans are increasing much more, people are
               | outliving what they used to and are using a lot more
               | money in retirement than they used to. Old people used to
               | sit in houses and watch grandkids, now they're flying to
               | foreign countries for fun.
        
               | goolz wrote:
               | These days I wonder about that duty I have. It sure felt
               | obligatory some time ago. I thought of myself as a
               | patriot and that the rule of law was something we we
               | should be proud of. A country whose own anthem spoke of
               | "liberty and justice for all".
               | 
               | The current trajectory makes my question a lot of things,
               | including this whole "government pays back that service
               | with benefits" as it will be some time before I ever see
               | a penny of SSI.
               | 
               | A lot of our taxes in this country seem like a giant
               | waste or are grossly inefficient at best.
        
               | autoexec wrote:
               | > A lot of our taxes in this country seem like a giant
               | waste or are grossly inefficient at best.
               | 
               | It's our duty to elect people who use tax dollars wisely
               | and to vote out officials who neglect their
               | responsibility to the people and use tax money to enrich
               | themselves and anyone else willing to bribe them. Our
               | government is filled with grifters because we've failed
               | to hold them meaningfully accountable for robbing us and
               | failing to provide the benefits we're funding.
               | 
               | Many of the grifters in government have been working hard
               | to make it difficult to hold them accountable. They
               | disenfranchise voters, they keep us afraid and our
               | futures uncertain, they collude against efforts to reform
               | the system they've established for their own benefit.
               | 
               | Government was never going to just let us have "liberty
               | and justice for all" the job was always on "we the
               | people" to insist on it. We can't just pay taxes and
               | expect everything to work out. We have to use the
               | democracy we have to force the government to work for us
               | and not just for themselves. If we've reached a point
               | where that's no longer possible then it's our duty to
               | "refresh the tree of liberty" until we have a government
               | that works for us.
        
               | c22 wrote:
               | Psychologically the deterioration of _we the people_ 's
               | power happens at an even more basic level when children
               | are taught to resolve their conflicts by seeking out an
               | adult.
        
               | foxyv wrote:
               | I wouldn't mind taxes if everyone paid their fair share
               | and it went to improving the lives of everyone instead of
               | the wealthy few. We live in the most productive times per
               | capita that have ever existed. Why do we need to scrimp
               | and save to buy food while the number of billionaires
               | continues to climb?
        
               | throwway120385 wrote:
               | Because we're failing to hold those billionaires
               | accountable to the system that allows them to accumulate
               | their wealth.
        
               | foxyv wrote:
               | Bingo!
        
               | carlosjobim wrote:
               | There is no "we" and has never been. Anybody who talks to
               | you about "we" or "us" or your "duty" is just seeking to
               | exploit you, hoping that you're dumb enough to fall for
               | it.
        
               | foxyv wrote:
               | There is in fact a we. It's just not based on race,
               | religion, ethnicity, language, gender, or sexuality. "We"
               | are the ones who create and work for a living instead of
               | living off the backs of others. "They" are immensely
               | wealthy oligarchs that exploit us using their ownership
               | of land, buildings, communication networks and machines
               | we need to survive.
        
               | scottyah wrote:
               | I live off your back yet am nowhere close to immensely
               | wealthy. I know it's en-vogue to hate on shiny
               | billionaires but reality is a lot less glamorous. It's
               | just lazy gov workers not getting much done, then hiring
               | more people to try to cover their work. By the millions.
        
               | foxyv wrote:
               | Your reality sounds suspiciously similar to the lies told
               | on the media platforms owned by the shiny billionaires.
        
               | scottyah wrote:
               | Haha and yours sounds like the lies spread by
               | communists/unions/etc attempting to wrest power from
               | anyone who has it now. Your view leaves a lot of gaps. My
               | view is easily verifiable by almost anyone working
               | (barely) and getting paid by taxes. Or second and third
               | parties getting that sweet, easy gov $$. It's also
               | inclusive of your billionaires- many get money from the
               | gov or gov policies too.
               | 
               | Your media platforms may be owned by the shiny
               | billionaires, but the laws they adhere to are created and
               | enforced by mobs of average 10-4 workers.
        
               | throwway120385 wrote:
               | A lot of that here in the US is because we've lost the
               | will to participate in the systems that establish these
               | things. We leave that to other people, and those other
               | people represent our interests poorly. The people in a
               | democracy take a really long time to effect change. It
               | can be a life's work for some people. But the premise is
               | that if we can find common ground we can eventually see
               | some of our ideas take shape. That does still work here,
               | but we have to actually have real conversations with each
               | other that respect each others' differences to get
               | anywhere.
        
               | scottyah wrote:
               | After a bit it just comes down to motivation. Who wants
               | to win more: 1. Someone who has everyone's best interests
               | at heart so is unwilling to really run against anyone and
               | is trying to balance out support for multiple conflicting
               | groups all while learning the landscape and job or 2.
               | Someone who knows they can use the position to get tens
               | of millions of dollars, and are supported by a few large
               | groups similarly motivated? This is how you get people
               | like Va Lecia Adams Kellum and Karen Bass.
        
             | coldtea wrote:
             | It doesn't (you can retire early), but it does decide part
             | of what you will need to be saving and how.
             | 
             | And the reason it decides that, apart from "because it
             | can", is because many societies have seen what happens when
             | it's left to individuals to take care of this, and they
             | fuck it up in massive numbers, and the outcome of that then
             | fucks up society.
        
               | foxyv wrote:
               | It is really easy to "Fuck it up" when greedy assholes
               | jack up the price of necessities like food, shelter, and
               | medical care. 66% of bankruptcies are due to medical
               | costs. We should just socialize necessities like food,
               | shelter, and medical care so there is no chance of
               | "Fucking it up." That would cover the possibility of
               | disability as well.
               | 
               | It sounds to me like we have built a system to exploit
               | people as much as possible. Treating them like farm
               | animals.
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | >We should just socialize necessities like food, shelter,
               | and medical care so there is no chance of "Fucking it
               | up."
               | 
               | How does socializing work if there are insufficient
               | workers relative to non workers? I.e. the supply of
               | food/shelter/medical care is insufficient to meet the
               | demand?
        
               | foxyv wrote:
               | Why would there be insufficient workers relative to non-
               | workers? Socializing health care, shelter, and food does
               | not lead to a worker shortage. In fact, having a
               | healthier and taken care of population leads to
               | prosperity in general. In addition, it leads to reduced
               | costs. Countries with socialized medicine pay a fraction
               | of what America does for better health outcomes.
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | >Why would there be insufficient workers relative to non-
               | workers?
               | 
               | The total fertility rate and the trends of that rate of
               | basically every country, especially the ones with
               | socialized medicine.
               | 
               | https://www.populationpyramid.net/norway/2025/
        
               | foxyv wrote:
               | Fertility rates? The world population is growing.
        
               | raw_anon_1111 wrote:
               | Yes let's have "5 Year Plans" with centralized control
               | instead of the free market, what could possibly go wrong?
               | If only we had a large country that tried that and failed
               | miserably to see what could go wrong.
        
               | foxyv wrote:
               | Or, hear me out, we could socialize health care and tax
               | the rich rapists that are currently running the country
               | to end poverty in the richest country in the world.
        
               | krapp wrote:
               | We don't have the free market. We've never had the free
               | market. Every economy has always been under some degree
               | of regulation and centralized control simply by virtue of
               | existing within the context of a society and government
               | that enforces laws and levies taxes.
        
               | raw_anon_1111 wrote:
               | The government has never controlled the means of
               | production for the most part except for "natural
               | monopolies" like utilities, cable etc where everyone
               | should be served and it doesn't make sense to try to have
               | two companies building out infrastructure
        
             | stackbutterflow wrote:
             | This question cannot be asked in good faith on a user
             | board. It requires an 800 pages book on politics, history,
             | philosophy, economics to be properly answerered and it
             | would barely scratch the surface.
             | 
             | You might as well ask similar questions about most basic
             | laws and concepts behind how western societies work.
        
               | foxyv wrote:
               | Yes, you should be asking similar questions about most
               | basic laws and concepts behind how western society works.
        
               | stackbutterflow wrote:
               | We should each ask ourselves such questions and review
               | our view on them from time to time during our life
               | because they're important, but mostly by doing our own
               | research and self study. But asking point-blank strangers
               | such a vague question is putting an unfair burden on
               | them.
               | 
               | There's maybe a few hundred people worldwide who could
               | casually drop a proper answer to your question while
               | casually browsing hn.
               | 
               | I believe it'd be more fair to start answering your own
               | question to show how far you are in your intellectual
               | journey on that topic.
        
               | foxyv wrote:
               | My own answer is this. We have created a system of
               | exploitation where we extract value from people's labor
               | and transfer it to an oligarchicy that is slowly
               | increasing in power. Governments are captured by that
               | ruling class and are unwilling to do anything that
               | threatens them. In addition, they are slowly reducing the
               | rights and social mobility of the middle and lower class
               | in order to expand the power and capital of the
               | oligarchy.
               | 
               | Any money that is possessed by the working classes is
               | then taxed in the form of increased living expenses or
               | directly by the government until they can barely afford
               | the necessities that allow them to continue working. Once
               | they are no longer able to do so, they are discarded and
               | allowed to die of preventable illness, starvation, drug
               | use or exposure.
        
             | jcranmer wrote:
             | The government doesn't decide when you retire. The
             | government decides when it is willing to pay you to be
             | retired.
        
               | foxyv wrote:
               | Social security is an entitlement. They have taken money
               | from your paycheck to fund it. In fact, they have taken
               | more from your paycheck than they will pay back to you in
               | order to pay for an aging population. The extra goes to
               | bonds which the government then uses to reduce inflation
               | when they decide to invade random countries or bail out a
               | bank.
               | 
               | Now, why does the government get to decide when I retire
               | with my own money?
        
               | jcranmer wrote:
               | If you don't like it, join the Amish and file a Form
               | 4029.
        
               | foxyv wrote:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergo_decedo
        
           | drivebyhooting wrote:
           | Except for the part where citizens get low returns and are
           | forced to work their whole lives accruing minimal benefit.
           | 
           | How is being a serf win win?
        
             | butterbomb wrote:
             | People don't believe me when I tell them that there's a
             | large portion of even the American population that will
             | happily accept the simplicity and safety of serfdom.
        
             | 3rodents wrote:
             | I can't speak for Singaporeans and every government has
             | their detractors but the Singaporeans I've known loved
             | their system and hated the western systems they were
             | exposed to. They would laugh if you tried to describe their
             | life as serfdom when compared to a life in the U.S. or
             | Europe.
        
               | InkCanon wrote:
               | I'll be blunt and say most Singaporeans have a very poor
               | idea of how these policies work. Another major one -
               | virtually all Singaporeans believe they own their houses,
               | and it is a point of pride and financial security. Most
               | houses are on 99 year leases, but the idea that is deeply
               | lodged is that this is longer than you can live so this
               | is inconsequential. While this is true if they only cared
               | about living in it, houses have huge financial/investment
               | value to Singaporeans. Despite the iron mathematical law
               | that these houses must depreciate their lease value, most
               | Singaporeans believe house prices will continue to rise
               | based on historical trends. The math just doesn't work
               | out.
        
               | delta_p_delta_x wrote:
               | I think Singaporeans have a decent idea, and given their
               | quality of lives, they have no problems with the trade-
               | offs. If they do, they leave. And many go back, because
               | the trade-offs in the West are even worse.
               | 
               | > Despite the iron mathematical law that these houses
               | must depreciate their lease value
               | 
               | SERS means that houses slated to be torn down are resold
               | back to the government at near-market rates excluding the
               | effect of the 99-year leasehold.
               | 
               | In Singapore, the government owns _everything_ , even
               | ostensibly 'freehold' land. If they want to run an MRT
               | line under your house, and they need to tear your house
               | down to get to it, they will force you to sell your house
               | and your land to them. Has happened before, will
               | absolutely happen again. It's an island city-state
               | smaller than London. There is literally no space anywhere
               | else.
        
               | zozbot234 wrote:
               | > If they want to run an MRT line under your house, and
               | they need to tear your house down to get to it, they will
               | force you to sell your house and your land to them.
               | 
               | Eminent domain exists in the U.S. and other developed
               | countries too. The point of it is largely to prevent any
               | single owner from "holding up" a non-trivial project like
               | an MRT line.
        
               | InkCanon wrote:
               | I think whether houses should be sold on a 99 year lease
               | vs property is a large and separate question. The vast
               | misunderstanding of it still remains - the idea that a
               | house is owned, not rented. Selective properties might be
               | bought back. But the fundamental invariant of this whole
               | situation is that all 99 year leases will worth 0
               | eventually. Any rise in prices now only increases the
               | eventual depreciation. And add on that massive loans are
               | taken out on depreciating assets, so it's not an
               | investment, it's a liability. And the significant
               | majority of Singaporeans bears this liability on their
               | books.
        
               | delta_p_delta_x wrote:
               | > 99 year leases will worth 0 eventually.
               | 
               | That's not how it works. The flats aren't valued for
               | their space in the sky; they are valued for the land they
               | are attached to, and their proximity and connections to
               | other communities and infrastructure. I've already said
               | that flats slated for SERS are _bought back_ by the
               | government at market rates well in advance of their
               | leases expiring.
               | 
               | > The vast misunderstanding of it still remains - the
               | idea that a house is owned, not rented.
               | 
               | What _you_ seem to greatly misunderstand is that land in
               | Singapore is at an extreme premium, the likes of which is
               | hitherto unseen anywhere else. With this context in hand,
               | the idea of traditional  'home ownership' is
               | fundamentally flawed in the first place, because unlike
               | much larger countries, there isn't a large suburban or
               | rural zone in which a new city can just be sprouted up.
               | 750 square kilometres is all you have, and if you have to
               | recycle existing land to maximise its use, so be it, and
               | if it means 99-year leases, then that is the cost.
               | 
               | Given average human lifespans, the Western concept of a
               | 'freehold' doesn't really make that much sense anyway,
               | unless you want monarchies, oligarchies, or corporate
               | dynasties monopolising prime land and settling into an
               | even more predatory outright rental economy, which is
               | already seen in most large cities elsewhere.
        
               | zozbot234 wrote:
               | 99 year leases make complete sense. Much of the value of
               | a 'house' in an urban area like Singapore is actually in
               | the land, and the value is being created by the community
               | on a day-to-day basis. It makes no sense for that value
               | to be captured for all future time by a single owner,
               | that just encourages pointless speculation and makes it
               | harder to allocate real estate towards its highest and
               | most valuable use.
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | > It makes no sense for that value to be captured for all
               | future time by a single owner, that just encourages
               | pointless speculation and makes it harder to allocate
               | real estate towards its highest and most valuable use.
               | 
               | How do 99 year leases fix the problem? Do people actually
               | get kicked out at 99 years, or does the government renew
               | it for a nominal fee?
        
               | zozbot234 wrote:
               | If the lease gets renewed at market value then there's no
               | point in speculating about what that land might be worth
               | in the farther future. It's a key difference from a
               | system where all of the future value must be captured at
               | once by a single owner.
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | Doesn't that just turn into a property tax of 1% per
               | year, without a massive tax bill every 99 years? 99 years
               | is long enough that there's going to be at least 2
               | owners, which means all sorts of strategizing required on
               | how to plan for the renewal of the lease.
        
               | delta_p_delta_x wrote:
               | The overwhelming majority of homes in Singapore are HDB
               | flats built by the government. These are torn down and
               | new, taller buildings fitting more people built in their
               | place. It's called the Selective En-Block Redevelopment
               | Scheme, or SERS[1]. People sell their flats to the
               | government and are given new flats in other
               | neighbourhoods, while their old homes are torn down and
               | new ones rebuilt. So, yes, in some way, they are 'kicked
               | out'.
               | 
               | [1]: https://www.hdb.gov.sg/residential/living-in-an-hdb-
               | flat/ser...
        
               | autoexec wrote:
               | > virtually all Singaporeans believe they own their
               | houses, and it is a point of pride and financial
               | security. Most houses are on 99 year leases
               | 
               | It's not as if the US fairs any better. Here you never
               | own your home, you have to pay property taxes your whole
               | life (basically rent) or it will be taken from you.
               | Eminent domain means that they can take your property
               | from you at any time even if you've kept paying them.
               | 
               | Singapore has a home ownership rate of ~90% vs 65% in the
               | US and prices are so unaffordable that on average people
               | buying their first starter homes in the US are in their
               | 40s! Most Americans, if they're lucky will get maybe get
               | 30 years of their life in a home they own while they are
               | still young and healthy enough to enjoy it.
               | 
               | Last I heard Singapore only had about 1,000 homeless.
               | Whatever they're doing with housing could probably be
               | improved on, but they seem to be doing a lot better than
               | we are.
        
             | nosianu wrote:
             | Unless we scale back our lives significantly, and are fine
             | with a lot less stuff and vacations and devices and
             | modernized living (houses and transit today are vastly more
             | complex systems than a few decades ago), there simply is no
             | way to let a large number of people live like rich people.
             | 
             | I grew up in East Germany, and while it was a total
             | failure, they got at least one idea correct in the workers
             | paradise: We need to _work_. _(Never mind the
             | implementation, I already said it was a total failure,
             | okay? It 's about problem recognition, not about the
             | quality of the solution.)_
             | 
             | And you know what? I'm actually like my grandfather, who
             | without any need whatsoever continued to work well past
             | retirement, privately, painting a house here, doing some
             | paint shop there, designing and installing a sun dial
             | somewhere. He only got off the scaffolding on a house's
             | paint job a week before he died.
             | 
             | I too would hate to just laze around. I LOVE doing useful
             | stuff. I worked and made money many times as a child
             | already, and it was always fun!
             | 
             | What stopped the fun was the coming of The West (which I
             | too went to the streets for and wanted, still, _" side
             | effects may apply"_). While I studied CS I took a job in a
             | chocolate factory, not because I needed the money, but
             | because that's what I always did and was used to. Being in
             | the production of stuff is actually FUN! Except then came
             | some western management idiot to make it clear fun is over.
             | I had just setup a machine to work as efficiently and as
             | well as possible (because that's fun!), so now I had to
             | wait a few minutes for it to finish. Just a few minutes, no
             | time to start something else. So I briefly sat next to it
             | and waited for it to finish. In comes the management idiot,
             | immediately jumping on me, why am I lazing around??? That's
             | not what they pay me for!
             | 
             | Just an anecdote, and of course it is much better in
             | knowledge jobs, but that, and the fact that the money
             | accumulates towards the top is what I think is a HUGE
             | problem in today's capitalism. No wonder they have to make
             | live as miserable as possible for the working majority,
             | because there is no fun. The managers and owners think we
             | don't want to work, and treat us accordingly. But it is
             | THEM who are responsible for much of that.
        
               | temp8830 wrote:
               | You get lots of vacations? And fancy transit systems?
               | Where do you live and work?
        
               | drivebyhooting wrote:
               | Working as a painter for lack of imagination of what else
               | to do is not fun. It reminds me of being
               | "institutionalized" from Shawshank's redemption.
        
               | bubblewand wrote:
               | Adult coloring books are a thing. I could definitely see
               | a person enjoying a version of that, that also had a
               | purpose beyond killing time.
        
             | spyckie2 wrote:
             | You mean the US, right? Especially with the part 2?
             | 
             | I know this may sound like a shock because you are
             | privileged but 7% yoy return on capital is NOT the norm for
             | the rest of the world. Just look at any other index not
             | called the S&P or the Dow. Look up US exceptionalism.
             | 
             | The US policy for retirement savings shackles the younger
             | generation with a ticking time bomb. Forcing your own
             | citizens to save money for themselves is a lot better than
             | forcing your own citizens to pay for others. Which one is
             | more morally cruel?
             | 
             | HK has a similar forced savings, but that ROI is like 1 or
             | 2% and the options to invest are paltry.
             | 
             | Some perspective is necessary. Yes it's not great but
             | compared to the rest of the world it's stellar.
        
               | drivebyhooting wrote:
               | If ROI is lower than inflation then what's the point of
               | saving? So you can have an even worse standard of living
               | after you retire?
               | 
               | Forced investment in low ROI vehicles is just a tax by
               | another name.
        
               | spyckie2 wrote:
               | Well, would you have a better standard of living with $0
               | or $1000 when you retire?
               | 
               | Even if that $1000 used to be worth $10000, that $0 is
               | still worth $0.
        
             | delta_p_delta_x wrote:
             | Singapore is one of the last countries one will be a 'serf'
             | in.
             | 
             | The parent contributor has conveniently left out the fact
             | that the 37% of CPF contributions is split 20-17 in terms
             | of employee-employer contributions[1], and has a ceiling of
             | S$8000[2], so if one earns more than that, every additional
             | dollar goes entirely to them, which is also taxed at
             | globally low income tax rates[3]. One can put all one's
             | post-tax money into any stocks/bonds/funds, and there is
             | also no capital gains tax[4].
             | 
             | [1]: https://www.cpf.gov.sg/employer/employer-
             | obligations/how-muc...
             | 
             | [2]: https://www.cpf.gov.sg/employer/infohub/news/cpf-
             | related-ann...
             | 
             | [3]: https://www.iras.gov.sg/taxes/individual-income-
             | tax/basics-o...
             | 
             | [4]: https://www.iras.gov.sg/taxes/individual-income-
             | tax/basics-o...
        
               | dmoy wrote:
               | $8000 is considerably above median income, no?
        
               | InkCanon wrote:
               | Yes. Bluntly put, the government maximizes residence of
               | high net worth individuals, and a 37% forced purchase of
               | low interest bonds would be outrageous to them.
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | >The parent contributor has conveniently left out the
               | fact that the 37% of CPF contributions is split 20-17 in
               | terms of employee-employer contributions[1]
               | 
               | This point is a shell game, because the employer's share
               | is still effectively being taken from the employee. It's
               | equivalent of "tariffs are paid by foreigners!" that's
               | trotted out for supporting tariffs.
        
               | kaashif wrote:
               | I almost feel like the employee/employer distinction is
               | actually worse than tariff fakery because at least
               | tariffs are somewhat confusing to the average person, so
               | you almost see why they get fooled.
               | 
               | But I feel like no-one would be fooled if you changed an
               | e to an r on payslips (employee contribution to employer)
               | - it's just obviously the same.
        
           | ww520 wrote:
           | It's not a win win policy. The citizens lose massive amount
           | of their money to government on the bond yield delta. It
           | preys on people not knowing the effect of long term compound
           | interest.
           | 
           | Edit: in fact interest delta is how banks make their huge
           | profits except the government here does it by force.
        
             | cm2012 wrote:
             | The average person does not make meaningful interest or
             | investment income, its not practical to on individual small
             | salaries.
        
               | Aurornis wrote:
               | In this case the citizens are forced to save, but the
               | interest they're given is less than what they would have
               | earned by saving the same amount on their own.
               | 
               | Also, the average person in the United States does have
               | meaningful investments toward retirement age.
        
           | Aurornis wrote:
           | > instead of just throwing it into a tax. It makes the
           | government money
           | 
           | It is a tax, but with extra steps.
           | 
           | The reason it makes the government money is because they're
           | collecting the extra interest that citizens would have earned
           | if they were free to invest it on their own.
        
           | everforward wrote:
           | To me it sounds like a tax structured in a strange way so it
           | doesn't obviously read as a tax.
           | 
           | It's essentially a forced loan to the government at subpar
           | rates. The "tax" is the delta between what the government
           | pays out for the bonds vs what a bond of equivalent risk in
           | the free market would have paid.
           | 
           | The magnitude of the investment also probably makes it
           | impractical for anyone but the very wealthy to retire before
           | that starts paying out. Most other countries have lower rates
           | on their retirement schemes, which makes it feasible for more
           | people to live on their savings for a few years before the
           | government retirement scheme kicks in. E.g. in the US it's
           | pretty feasible for the upper middle/lower upper classes to
           | retire a few years before Social Security kicks in,
           | especially if they're willing to live frugally.
        
             | gruez wrote:
             | >It's essentially a forced loan to the government at subpar
             | rates. The "tax" is the delta between what the government
             | pays out for the bonds vs what a bond of equivalent risk in
             | the free market would have paid.
             | 
             | Yeah there's even a term for it:
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial_repression
        
             | raw_anon_1111 wrote:
             | It's almost impossible for an upper middle class couple to
             | retire in the US before their 65 unless they have some type
             | of government provided or private company provided health
             | insurance like teachers, police officers, military etc.
             | 
             | It's about $25K a year for a decent plan which is doable.
             | But you have to hope that Republicans - and yes this is a
             | political issue - don't successfully kill the ACA and make
             | it impossible to get insurance at any cost if you have a
             | pre-existing condition. If you are old - you will develop a
             | pre-existing condition.
             | 
             | My parents are 83 and 81 and retired at 57/55. But my mom
             | was a teacher who still gets benefits through the
             | government and my dad gets benefits from the one factory
             | that didn't shut down in our hometown.
             | 
             | I'm 51 and even if I could retire early financially, I
             | wouldn't do it _and_ stay in the US. Play the smallest
             | fiddle for us. I "retired my wife" at 44 in 2020 8 years
             | into our marriage when I did a slight transition to an
             | industry where remote work with travel is the norm (cloud
             | consulting + app dev) and we have traveled a lot including
             | doing stints as "digital nomads".
             | 
             | We are staying in one of the countries that we might retire
             | to as a Plan B for six weeks starting next week.
             | 
             | Even now that we moved to state tax free Florida and my
             | wife hasn't had to work in six years, she keeps a current
             | CDL because she can get a job as a school bus driver easily
             | for the benefits and _someone_ will pay me for independent
             | consulting if I lose my job.
        
               | throwway120385 wrote:
               | The other way to avoid a pre-existing condition is to
               | just avoid medical care entirely.
        
               | atomicnumber3 wrote:
               | Ah yes, the 4chan retirement plan. Die of a preventable
               | cause at age 42 while waiting for your captcha.
        
               | paulddraper wrote:
               | If you accept that cancer is a death sentence, it's not
               | absurd to "self fund" your insurance with a nest egg.
               | 
               | You can shop around quite a bit for non urgent care, and
               | get good cash discount.
        
               | raw_anon_1111 wrote:
               | How much of a nest egg do you think would let you afford
               | a major operation like heart surgery or cancer care?
        
               | watwut wrote:
               | Even a minor one.
        
               | paulddraper wrote:
               | Read the qualifier.
               | 
               | And heart surgery is ~$60k. [1]
               | 
               | That's <36 months of insurance premiums according to the
               | earlier poster.
               | 
               | [1] https://cost.sidecarhealth.com/ts/heart-bypass-
               | surgery-cost-...
        
               | mothballed wrote:
               | It cost $30k for a loved one just to go to the hospital
               | when their heart "felt weird" but absolutely nothing
               | turned out to be wrong and all they did was run a couple
               | quick scans and tests. I do agree with the overall idea
               | of what you're saying that usually the premiums are way
               | more than what you could get care for if you just saved
               | the money, but the numbers on the website seem very
               | wrong. I realize it's a total anecdote but from loved
               | one's bills it is $20-30k just to get in the door and
               | that is if _actually nothing is wrong and there is no
               | heart attack_ yet they 're quoting $30k for an actual
               | heart attack care.
        
               | scottyah wrote:
               | That's the pricing when you have insurance. It is cheaper
               | if you don't.
        
               | raw_anon_1111 wrote:
               | I have never in my 30 year career paid more than $10K a
               | year for health care across 10 jobs and that's including
               | working at Amazon with their shitty benefit package
        
               | greedo wrote:
               | If you accept cancer as a death sentence, you're an
               | idiot. I had cancer at age 41. If I left it untreated,
               | sure I'd be dead, probably by age 43. But I'm not an
               | idiot, I had good health insurance, I was treated, and
               | now that health event is over twenty years in the past.
               | 
               | Had I self-funded with a (non-existent) nest egg, I would
               | still be in debt over $600k. Instead, my insurance had to
               | deal with that...
        
               | mothballed wrote:
               | 600k once in 40 years is cheap compared to the total cost
               | of insurance, especially when you consider the compound
               | interest you could have made on premiums not paid, plus
               | with the freedom to get cancer care cheaper someplace
               | privately outside the US.
               | 
               | Your insurance company got the last laugh by a long shot.
               | A typical family on insurance would pay $600,000 (between
               | their take-home and the reduced wages paid by employers
               | to cover insurance) in just 25 years, and that's before
               | considering the opportunity cost of lost
               | investments/yield.
        
               | raw_anon_1111 wrote:
               | Are you really suggesting that a family should not have
               | insurance at all and save the money?
               | 
               | I have been working for 30 years and have never once paid
               | more than $10K a year for insurance across 10 jobs 15 of
               | those years were a family plan.
               | 
               | Hell one of those jobs was with Amazon - the company with
               | the shittiest benefit package in all of BigTech and even
               | then I only $12K with a family plan. Right now we pay
               | around $10K - my wife myself and my adult but under 26
               | (step)son
        
               | greedo wrote:
               | My annual premium for insurance was roughly $2400/year.
               | Since then, it's gone to about $6k per annum. Even
               | compounded at whatever the S&P500 returns for a 40 year
               | interval, I'm pretty sure I'm ahead of the game. If you
               | think I've lost $600K by having work provided insurance,
               | we're not dealing with the same level of reality.
        
               | paulddraper wrote:
               | While I won't argue insurance wasn't overall beneficial
               | in your case...
               | 
               | There is no way that $600,000 is the _cash price_ for
               | cancer treatment (especially 20 years ago, but also
               | today).
               | 
               | The average cost of cancer treatment is $150k [1], and
               | lower with cash price + shopping.
               | 
               | [1] https://treatcancer.com/blog/cost-of-cancer/
        
               | greedo wrote:
               | I stopped cataloging the invoices after it hit $1.6M.
               | Granted that's what the providers would bill my
               | insurance, and we all know those are funny numbers, and
               | while I'm sure that a concentrated effort to negotiate
               | cheaper cash prices might have been productive, there's
               | still the fact that I would have had to have $600k or so
               | readily available. HYSA yields were pretty low for most
               | of this time period, and if I had kept that kind of money
               | in a stock portfolio, taxes would have killed me.
               | 
               | And it's beside the point. 99% of Americans can't afford
               | to build a $600k nest egg just to cover medical expenses.
               | THAT'S WHAT INSURANCE IS FOR!
        
               | greedo wrote:
               | Also, I wonder if this is skewed by more affordable
               | treatments for things like basal cell carcinoma or
               | prostate cancer that doesn't require surgical
               | intervention. In my case, I had full on chemo, rad
               | treatment, surgery, and more chemo. Wouldn't wish it on
               | my worst enemy, but I'm sure as hell glad I had good
               | insurance. Dealing with the medical side was traumatic
               | enough, I don't think I or anyone in my family had the
               | bandwidth to deal with negotiating cash deals with
               | multiple providers.
        
               | glimshe wrote:
               | The FIRE community and my own personal situation prove
               | you very, very wrong. It's absolutely possible for a
               | upper middle class family to retire in their 50s, even in
               | their 40s, if they live frugally.
        
               | aprdm wrote:
               | "Live frugally" , "FIRE" , "work in tech"
               | 
               | All incompatible with 99% of the upper class, neither do
               | they want to eat ramen to retire early.
               | 
               | You're also one medical disaster away from being "very
               | very wrong"
        
               | mech998877 wrote:
               | 90%+ chance the person you are replying to has health
               | insurance that will cover them in case of medical
               | disaster.
        
               | glimshe wrote:
               | I absolutely have health insurance, the most expensive
               | available on my state. That doesn't protect me 100%, but
               | what health insurance (including the ones available at
               | most companies) does?
               | 
               | People who have poor money management skills believe that
               | FIRE=Ramen and no health insurance... In fact, it's about
               | getting a 30K car (the one I bought new 3 years ago)
               | instead a 70K car despite having the money.
        
               | mattmanser wrote:
               | 99% of people have poor money management skills? It's
               | statements like this that makes FIRE a fringe scene.
        
               | scottyah wrote:
               | you're saying 99% of people think FIRE = ramen? I doubt
               | that many even have heard of it
        
               | raw_anon_1111 wrote:
               | And what happens when the Republican Party gut the ACA
               | and you have a pre-existing condition. Do you know what
               | life was like trying to get insurance with a pre-existing
               | condition before 2012?
        
               | scottyah wrote:
               | Then they can just skip insurance. Most people don't need
               | it, especially if they already have a lot of money (which
               | is what FIRE means)
        
               | raw_anon_1111 wrote:
               | Obviously said by someone who is young and never had or
               | knew anyone that had an expensive medical procedure like
               | a friend who is 45 who I have known since 2003 and is a
               | cancer survivor and now has to have open heart surgery
        
               | scottyah wrote:
               | I don't believe your friend is most people. I have quite
               | a few who haven't been to a doctor in decades.
        
               | raw_anon_1111 wrote:
               | But do you want to take the chance that you will never
               | have major medical expenses between the time you retire
               | early and you are _65_ and eligible for Medicare? How
               | many of your friends are over 50?
        
               | supertrope wrote:
               | That plan works until it suddenly doesn't. When it
               | doesn't it's catastrophic for your finances and your
               | health.
               | 
               | If you have an extra couple million dollars above and
               | beyond your regular retirement fund you could self-insure
               | your medical costs. But then you could just buy the
               | health insurance.
        
               | scottyah wrote:
               | Medical expenses are less expensive when you don't have
               | insurance. Insurance is just for catastrophic events, if
               | you do some regular risk analysis you can come to a
               | balance that works for you. If you know a major medical
               | expense is imminent then get the insurance. Most
               | procedures don't happen immediately anyway.
        
               | snake42 wrote:
               | FIRE doesn't depend on having a tech job. Its all about
               | income to expense ratio. Planning for medical events is
               | something that gets talked to death in these communities.
        
               | raw_anon_1111 wrote:
               | How do you plan for a potential quarter million dollar
               | medical bills over a couple of years?
        
               | snake42 wrote:
               | The same way that an employed person would plan for this.
               | Catastrophic insurance plans put a cap on how much your
               | medical bills can be.
        
               | raw_anon_1111 wrote:
               | An employed person since the ACA hasn't had to worry
               | about lifetime caps...
               | 
               | Oh and catastrophic insurance plans only have to cover
               | pre-existing conditions since the ACA - which one party
               | is actively trying to kill.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | Good insurance is one aspect including long term
               | disability coverage if you haven't retired.
               | 
               | That's the thing medical expenses when young are unlikely
               | enough insurance is a viable strategy. Long term it's
               | worthwhile to move to a country with a less expensive
               | medical system. You can move basically anywhere in
               | retirement and be better off.
        
               | raw_anon_1111 wrote:
               | Again like I have been saying, good insurance is
               | predicated on the open market and ACA being around and
               | not being killed by Republicans. Even if they don't
               | outright kill it, they are trying to put in a "death
               | spiral" where only sick people use it and insurance
               | companies don't want to participate.
               | 
               | LTC not discriminating against pre-existing conditions is
               | also post ACA.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | In a hypothetical universe with different laws people
               | would make different decisions, like abandoning the US.
               | But you're asking about medical conditions which rarely
               | apply and laws that don't exist. That's not a failing of
               | FIRE for the vast majority of people.
               | 
               | Further FIRE doesn't mean crap if you get something
               | serious and die at 23, that's just the reality of human
               | existence.
        
               | raw_anon_1111 wrote:
               | People didn't abandoned the US before the ACA was the law
               | in 2011-2012. And if there were an influx of US citizens
               | to foreign countries, I can guarantee you other countries
               | wouldn't be as welcoming.
               | 
               | There are plenty of conditions where the difference
               | between life and death is being able to get health care
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | Some did. The US expat community has been quite large for
               | decades.
               | 
               | Most people didn't do FIRE style early retirement while
               | dealing with pre existing medical conditions. There
               | however was plenty of expats pre ACA who very much left
               | the country for early retirement.
               | 
               | US healthcare is ruinously expensive but on average it's
               | not particularly good if you're in the income bracket
               | where 1/4 million over a few years is a serious issue.
        
               | raw_anon_1111 wrote:
               | There is absolutely no significant number of Americans
               | who left without ties to other countries. I find it rich
               | that Americans who leave the US call themselves "ex-pats"
               | instead of "immigrants"
        
               | jandrewrogers wrote:
               | I know several people with normie jobs (not tech related
               | or government) and normie lifestyles that saved up enough
               | money to never need to work again by 50 while still
               | maintaining their lifestyle. Most still work because they
               | have no idea what to do with their time even though they
               | don't need to work anymore.
               | 
               | You can easily derive that this is possible from the
               | median household finance statistics published by BLS,
               | never mind the upper class. It isn't that hard if you
               | care to do it.
        
               | raw_anon_1111 wrote:
               | No one is doubting that it is possible to save enough to
               | retire by the time you're 50 - as long as the ACA and the
               | open market is viable.
        
               | raw_anon_1111 wrote:
               | And health insurance as soon as the ACA is gutted and you
               | have a pre existing condition? Sure I could retire to
               | Costa Rica or Panama. One of those are a plan B and we
               | will be in CR for six weeks and we are both learning
               | Spanish - I am. _decent_ at it.
               | 
               | I bet you also your idea of upper middle class is not
               | statistically valid.
               | 
               | https://dqydj.com/household-income-percentile-calculator/
        
               | glimshe wrote:
               | I didn't get where I am by taking random bets, but I'll
               | say you'd lose your money here.
        
               | raw_anon_1111 wrote:
               | Were you around and trying to get health insurance before
               | 2012? I was. The startup I worked for shut down and while
               | I had a well paying contract lined up literally the next
               | week, I couldn't get health insurance at any price
               | because of a pre-existing condition even though at the
               | time, I was a part time fitness instructor and I had just
               | gotten through running my first (and last) two half
               | marathons.
               | 
               | If you are betting on the stability of the US health care
               | system outside of employer funded health care, that is a
               | monumentally stupid bet with one party actively trying to
               | kill the ACA.
        
               | Jach wrote:
               | So what did you do? Clearly you didn't die. Did you just
               | have no insurance for the week before the new job
               | started, or what?
               | 
               | This also happened to you while you were working and
               | slightly between jobs. So it's not really a FIRE concern
               | if the concern is the US messing up the health care
               | system even more in that it would effect everyone whether
               | working or not. Generally speaking, an answer to
               | mitigating a lot of types of risk with a FIRE model is:
               | you just go back to work for a while. This is easier the
               | younger you are.
               | 
               | Edit: Also I thought COBRA would have been a more recent
               | thing but it was Regan era. So did you not have employer-
               | sponsored coverage with the startup?
        
               | raw_anon_1111 wrote:
               | No, my then fiance/now wife and I canceled our wedding we
               | had planned, and went to the courthouse and got married
               | six months earlier so I could get on her insurance.
               | 
               | Also, just so happen I did end up in the hospital three
               | weeks later because _something_ happened that affected my
               | breathing for an entire year.
               | 
               | And how do you "go back to work" if the entire reason you
               | need to go back to work is that you have a health
               | condition?
               | 
               | If you haven't checked, jobs aren't that easy to come by
               | quickly in 2026 in tech like they use to be. Sure I could
               | find someone to give me a contract if not hire me full
               | time - but we are still back to not having insurance .
               | 
               | The US messing up insurance on the _open market_ is the
               | concern and it being back like it was pre ACA. That only
               | affects the unemployed under 65.
               | 
               | As far as being between jobs - usually you can get COBRA
               | for a limited amount of time - not an option for FIRE.
               | 
               | Oh yeah, that brings up another point, I did pay for
               | COBRA for two months back then. The contract I had paid
               | more than enough to afford it. Then the acquiring company
               | shut down their insurance plan and COBRA wasn't even an
               | option
        
               | scottyah wrote:
               | You do know you can have a wedding even if you're already
               | on-paper married? The ceremony really has nothing to do
               | with the legal act.
        
               | raw_anon_1111 wrote:
               | So wouldn't it go against everything that FIRE stood for
               | to spend money on a wedding after you lost your job?
        
               | scottyah wrote:
               | Nope, it's just mindful capital allocation. There are
               | plenty of ways to spend money wisely on a wedding. It's
               | just a big party, and maybe a traditional ceremony. It's
               | whatever you want it to be.
        
               | chasd00 wrote:
               | Costa Rica is on my retirement shortlist. I really like
               | it there and have taken the family for vacation a couple
               | times. I've driven the whole country pretty much North to
               | South. Puerto Jimenez is one of my favorite places but
               | it's very rural. There's some nice areas an hour or two
               | North of San Jose as well. I've met a handful of US
               | families that, when the pandemic hit, just sold
               | everything they owned and moved to Costa Rica. As far as
               | central america goes Costa Rica is a bright spot of
               | stability and like a functioning government. I live in
               | Dallas so pretty much have to know a little Spanish but
               | there isn't much of a language barrier at all. You could
               | do a lot worse than Costa Rica.
        
               | carlosjobim wrote:
               | Thanks for living frugally. Since you now have some spare
               | money, I decided it's time for a rent increase. And a tax
               | increase.
        
               | bjourne wrote:
               | Statistics! Can a person below the median income afford
               | to retire early? The answer is a resounding no. Can a
               | person the top 10th percentile (upper middle class)
               | afford to retire early? Yes.
        
               | raw_anon_1111 wrote:
               | https://dqydj.com/household-income-percentile-calculator/
               | 
               | So the top 10% is a household income of $250K and most of
               | those couples didn't reach that until their 40s. They
               | aren't making $225K as an L5 at 25 years old like a
               | former intern/new grad I mentored when I was at BigTech
               | 
               | Most software developers won't even see above $160K
               | inflation adjusted during their career. Most work in
               | second tier cities in the "enterprise"z.
        
               | apercu wrote:
               | So Texas also doesn't have income tax but my siblings
               | house (assessed at a lower value than mine) is assessed
               | property tax almost triple wha mine is, dwarfing my state
               | income tax plus property tax. Not sure about Florida -
               | YMMV.
        
               | raw_anon_1111 wrote:
               | My property taxes are $3000 a year. They were around $7K
               | a year before we moved. We also downsized to a two
               | bedroom condo -1200 square feet - from a 3500 square foot
               | house in the most expensive county in GA (Forsyth) after
               | my step son graduated in 2020 and after Covid. We sold
               | our house for twice what we had it built for 8 years
               | earlier and bought our condo for the same price as we
               | paid for our house in 2016.
               | 
               | Florida - especially when you live in the same county as
               | DisneyWorld - is heavily subsidized by tourism
        
               | kelvinjps10 wrote:
               | https://mrmoneymustache.com/blog/ Read this story and
               | more in the fire community, it's not impossible
        
               | raw_anon_1111 wrote:
               | Does that answer the question about what happens when the
               | ACA is gutted and you can't get insurance at any price
               | with a pre-existing condition?
               | 
               | That happened to me right before the ACA went into
               | affect. I was engaged to my now wife and we moved our
               | marriage up early so I could get on her insurance.
        
               | kelvinjps10 wrote:
               | https://mrmoneymustache.com/2020/11/09/direct-primary-
               | care/
               | 
               | https://mrmoneymustache.com/2017/11/05/when-your-shitty-
               | heal... Regarding ACA >My family's monthly health
               | insurance premium, which had already more than doubled in
               | the last few years to $674 per month, was going up a
               | further 44% for the coming year. For no good reason,
               | other than perhaps the the current government's attempts
               | to kill off the Affordable Care Act. (By cutting various
               | parts of the structure, the insurance market becomes less
               | stable and predictable, and thus more expensive).
               | 
               | Also besides that there is also the solution of barista
               | fire that's working part time just to get insurance.
               | https://www.reddit.com/r/baristafire/
        
               | kelvinjps10 wrote:
               | With health marketplace you can get insurance, or you can
               | get a PPA service, or save money into a HSA, like there
               | is multiple ways to do it.
        
               | raw_anon_1111 wrote:
               | Until the Republican Party finally succeeds at gutting
               | the ACA or make it so bad that insurers wing cover it.
               | 
               | Let's say you maxed out your HSA for 20 years and have
               | $200K - that can be wiped out with one uncovered major
               | medical incident the HSA max is relatively low.
        
               | everforward wrote:
               | Without digging into this too far, I do think it's
               | possible but it does require starting early and sticking
               | to the plan. I'm not one of those people, but I know
               | people who are.
               | 
               | The mean household income for the 4th quintile is 115k a
               | year. The mean of the middle quintile is 70k. There's a
               | theoretical 45k a year spread if you earn like the 4th
               | quintile and spend like the 3rd (evidently possible since
               | a lot of people live in the 3rd quintile).
               | 
               | Even ignoring compound interest, if you can hit that 4th
               | quintile at 30 and you lose half the spread to taxes, by
               | 55 you have 25 years of saving 22.5k/year for 562.5k in
               | savings.
               | 
               | It's probably not the most fun thing, but I do think it's
               | doable.
        
               | raw_anon_1111 wrote:
               | Here are the numbers for context:
               | 
               | https://dqydj.com/household-income-percentiles/
               | 
               | The median household income doesn't earn the median wage
               | every year from when they started working. That's just a
               | snapshot and it's highly correlated with age. I'm 51, I
               | damn sure couldn't afford to max out my 401K. That means
               | I was 25 in 1999. I definitely could afford to max out my
               | 401K - which was then $10K a year - when I was making
               | $35K a year.
               | 
               | Especially when new grads are coming out now with student
               | loan debt.
        
               | telotortium wrote:
               | For curiosity's sake, what exactly do you think
               | Republicans will do to "kill the ACA"? I doubt they're
               | going to introduce a bill that revokes the ACA in its
               | entirety. They killed the mandate almost a decade ago and
               | the marketplace healthcare plans have continued to limp
               | along, depending on the state. What's next?
        
             | alistairSH wrote:
             | That's not all that different than US Social Security. SS
             | has a much lower required contribution/tax rate, but the
             | overall scheme seems similar (lower than market returns,
             | etc) and naming (despite SS actually being called a tax,
             | many residents think of it as a required personal
             | retirement savings account).
        
               | everforward wrote:
               | SS is different mostly in that you're not really loaning
               | money to the government. The money coming in today mostly
               | goes right back out as payments.
               | 
               | There's also an upper limit on SS taxable income. I
               | forget what it is, but basically the entirety of the top
               | quintile isn't paying SS on their entire income. I want
               | to say it's like 90k, but it's been a while since I
               | looked.
        
               | raw_anon_1111 wrote:
               | The top social security taxable income hasn't been as low
               | as $90K since around 2005. It's currently $184500. 93% of
               | income earners earn less than that
               | 
               | https://dqydj.com/income-percentile-calculator/
        
               | alistairSH wrote:
               | SS is forced to invest unspent funds in T-bonds... That's
               | sort of a loan to Uncle Sam.
               | 
               | And yeah, income over $185k isn't taxed by SS (silly law
               | - fixing that would mostly fix the fund depletion that's
               | likely to happen right about the time I retire).
        
             | danans wrote:
             | > The "tax" is the delta between what the government pays
             | out for the bonds vs what a bond of equivalent risk in the
             | free market would have paid.
             | 
             | It also robs the individual's freedom to gamble with their
             | retirement funds while expecting/demanding a bailout when
             | shit hits the fan.
             | 
             | In the USA we have thoughtful policies that allow people
             | over a certain amount of wealth invested in key industries
             | to do that.
        
             | skrtskrt wrote:
             | > The magnitude of the investment also probably makes it
             | impractical for anyone but the very wealthy to retire
             | before that starts paying out...
             | 
             | But they can pull out for housing right? That's an enormous
             | portion of most people's expenses. If I didn't have to
             | worry about housing, I could be living large on less than
             | half of my salary, I would certainly semi-retire at least.
        
               | everforward wrote:
               | Sort of. So far as I can tell, you can withdraw to buy
               | housing but I don't think you can pay rent out of it.
               | 
               | The loans are also 75% max loan-to-value so I think until
               | you can get 25% of the purchase price in your account you
               | have to pay CPF and rent (or live with family).
               | 
               | Also, not an economist, but I suspect the forced savings
               | has a wildly inflationary effect on housing prices. You
               | can't do much else with the money until you retire, so I
               | would guess the price of housing rises up to match the
               | forced savings rate.
        
           | zozbot234 wrote:
           | > It covers a major individual cost and need (retirement,
           | medical, housing) instead of just throwing it into a tax.
           | 
           | Forced saving makes it a tax. It's essentially no different
           | than payroll taxes in the U.S. that fund Social Security.
           | Buying government bonds is still marginally better accounting
           | than a complete Ponzi scam like Social Security in the U.S.,
           | but even that ultimately amounts to the same thing - the
           | government is paying itself, so it's a wash.
        
             | philwelch wrote:
             | The social security trust fund does buy government bonds.
        
               | f33d5173 wrote:
               | Social security is not a savings account and is currently
               | underfunded.
        
           | paulddraper wrote:
           | It's analogous to the US, where you put money into social
           | security and then withdraw later.
           | 
           | The only question is whether the fund is running at a surplus
           | or not.
           | 
           | The US has raided its fund to finance other government
           | programs, and then will have to pay it back via tax revenues.
        
         | DaedalusII wrote:
         | > It is structured as a massive forced bond purchase scheme by
         | citizens
         | 
         | the UK effectively does the same thing with DB schemes forced
         | to buy Gilts
        
         | philwelch wrote:
         | > The primary purpose of CPF is not a pension scheme. It is
         | structured as a massive forced bond purchase scheme by
         | citizens. Financially what happens is the 37% of citizen income
         | buys a long term bond (till retirement age, on average decades)
         | at rock bottom interest rates (it's pegged to the overnight
         | rate or a minimum of 2.6%).
         | 
         | Social Security is effectively the same thing. Payroll taxes
         | are collected and placed in the social security trust fund,
         | which invests them in federal bonds.
        
           | zozbot234 wrote:
           | Payroll taxes actually pay for current Social Security
           | benefits, the trust fund was tacked on with separate
           | government funding in order to make it a bit less of a
           | complete Ponzi scheme.
        
             | drdec wrote:
             | The trust fund is funded by the overage of collected Social
             | Security taxes compared to Social Security payouts. It is
             | not "tacked on" and does not use "separate government
             | funding".
             | 
             | Currently there are more payouts than taxes so the trust
             | fund is being used to make up the difference.
             | 
             | When the trust fund is depleted (barring any changes, this
             | happens at some point in the next decade if I'm not
             | mistaken) then there will be a reckoning. If no action is
             | taken by Congress the result is that payouts will be cut by
             | the necessary percentage to match the taxes.
        
               | zozbot234 wrote:
               | > does not use "separate government funding".
               | 
               | Yes, it does. The Obama administration explicitly
               | appropriated general government funds to try and make up
               | a developing shortfall in the 'fund'. There is no money
               | being accumulated because there _are_ more payouts than
               | taxes - but even if that wasn 't the case, these are not
               | actual "bonds" that have been bought on any market,
               | they're just non-market government obligations.
        
           | InkCanon wrote:
           | The main difference is SS bonds are bought at market rates.
           | CPF bonds are not.
        
         | Terr_ wrote:
         | > Singapore's economic policies are complicated and often
         | misdirecting. [...] it's sovereign wealth
         | 
         | Tangentially, I've had a similar gripe around how some US folks
         | discuss Singapore's similar old-rival Hong Kong. They'll
         | advocate "Hong Kong shows policy X works, we should do X here
         | too", while ignoring the _other half_ of the system required to
         | make it work, policies the same advocates would never want to
         | adopt.
         | 
         | In particular, celebrating HK's "tax freedom" while glossing
         | over how the government _does_ fund expenditures. It 's the
         | ultimate landlord, deliberately constraining supply (with high
         | subsidies to the poor to prevent revolt), and draws from its
         | huge [0] sovereign-wealth fund.
         | 
         | [0] Huge by any US standards, even if far smaller than
         | Singapore or Norway. To put the _per-capita_ amounts in
         | context, if the US is 1x, then HK=80x, Singapore=356x,
         | Norway=379x.
        
         | ggm wrote:
         | Like Dubai, many of the migrant workers are ineligible for post
         | retirement life in Singapore and so despite any mandatory
         | savings of any kind will not represent any kind of burden on
         | the state.
         | 
         | So they are functionally productive and net positive to any
         | scheme about post work funding for the community.
        
       | mark_l_watson wrote:
       | I had the privilege of getting a working gig in Singapore for a
       | small AI startup: such a well run country! There is a sense of
       | community for helping by employing people who need jobs, the
       | police were friendly and I felt very safe there (I like to take
       | long walks either early in the morning or late at night and I
       | felt very secure.)
       | 
       | Amazing what the people and government have achieved since the
       | end of WW2. 100% respect for them.
       | 
       | A side comment: I enjoy listening to English language news from
       | many countries around the world to get different viewpoints. News
       | media from Singapore is very interesting, indeed!
        
         | malshe wrote:
         | I spent years in Singapore and loved it there. Never had to
         | face road rage (which so many of us experience daily several
         | times driving in Texas! NextDoor is full of these stories) or
         | aggressive behavior by anyone in authority including police and
         | immigration officers. I know many people find Singapore boring
         | after a while but it didn't bother me much. On the flip side,
         | the cost of living is high as a foreigner and traveling to the
         | US is very tiring due to the long distance.
        
         | SV_BubbleTime wrote:
         | I worked with a guy from sg. He gave me tips for when I went to
         | visit. He hooked me up with a family member that showed me the
         | backend a bit.
         | 
         | The country effectively runs on a slave class. You must drive a
         | new vehicle under 5 years old, and the license just to buy a
         | car was $90,000 or so. This means an entire class of people
         | that will be taking the bus to do your laundry and clean your
         | house for the rest of their lives and likely their kids lives.
         | 
         | The guy took me around to construction sites. The Indonesian
         | and Malaysian workers were some of the most brave or stupid
         | workers I've ever seen. I saw a guy install a window in a three
         | story building by effectively free climbing from the outside
         | half a flight up starting on the third floor, from the outside
         | of the building. No harness, no ropes, just him out there
         | hanging and pushing against a nook with his work boots. The SG
         | contractor had helmet, hi-vis, steel toed, carhart, radio,
         | clipboards etc.
         | 
         | Singapore is an amazing place. It's like, a dog whistle kind
         | of. Like everyone sees something different there.
         | 
         | I noticed things that trip. However... I was able to enjoy the
         | botanical gardens and Marina Bay Sands rooftop like the other
         | tourists... fond memories, but they have a backdrop that
         | reality is only thinly hidden there.
        
           | supertrope wrote:
           | With the MRT not having a car is not bad. Paying $100K USD
           | for a Certificate of Entitlement (10 year car registration)
           | is definitely a rich person move. Good point on the
           | underclass and labor conditions.
        
           | FredFS456 wrote:
           | I agree with you that the migrant workers are effectively a
           | serf class. However, I think it's fine that the SG government
           | severely discourages owning a car. It's a small island with
           | lots of people, there would be gridlock if everyone wanted
           | their own car. The public transportation system is amazing
           | and works well.
        
       | bluGill wrote:
       | You know who they didn't interview: those who regret saving so
       | much. Many of those people are dead and so the regret is
       | something we can only apply on assumption that they would. I've
       | known a few people who unexpectedly died before they hit
       | retirement age. I've know a few people who retired and died
       | suddenly. The vast majority of people in a "first world" country
       | have an expected lifespan of about 80 - but there is a
       | statistical curve and people start dieing in significant numbers
       | at 65, while you are not an outlier until you make it to near 100
       | (though some exist).
       | 
       | You need to have some emergency savings. You should save for
       | retirement somehow. If you can structure the above as insurance -
       | and you can trust the insurance - (I know a few cases where the
       | insurance type system went bankrupt and those with a "policy got
       | nothing") that is best.
       | 
       | Once the above is taken care of though, you can't take it with
       | you (at least in most religions) so spend it. Save enough, but
       | not too much.
        
         | 3rodents wrote:
         | People who save a lot are typically people comforted by sitting
         | on a big nest egg. Saving a lot for retirement and then dying
         | the day before retirement isn't necessarily going to be a
         | source of regret, because they had 30 years of warm fuzzy
         | feelings about eventually hatching their nest egg. They could
         | have spent it all instead, and had a life full of anxiety.
         | 
         | You're looking for people who didn't want to save but
         | begrudgingly saved at the expense of their pre-retirement life
         | and then died before they could enjoy retirement. That's a much
         | smaller group.
        
           | bluGill wrote:
           | I'm not sure. There is a warm fuzzy from knowing you are okay
           | if things go bad of course, but how many of those who saved
           | for the feeling would have saved less - they still would want
           | a good amount saved for things going wrong of course but not
           | that much.
        
         | bombcar wrote:
         | This is more fleshed out in the book "Die with Zero" which may
         | be a bit too extreme.
         | 
         | But in general you have three things to spend in your life:
         | time, money, and effort.
         | 
         | You don't want to spend all your time saving money because
         | you'll run out of time eventually, but you also don't want to
         | spend all your money saving time because you'll run out of
         | money.
         | 
         | It's all about balance and thoughtfully understanding what you
         | actually want and how to get it.
        
           | philwelch wrote:
           | Money can be passed down to your children and grandchildren
           | though.
        
             | bubblewand wrote:
             | If you follow the fairly common path of "various expensive,
             | intermittent medical problems for a couple decades, a
             | handful of years of very-bad medical problems, nursing
             | home, then hospice care" in the US, and you don't have _a
             | shitload of money_ , you don't really have a savings of
             | your own, you're just temporarily taking care of the
             | medical and end-of-life-care industries' money. There's not
             | going to be much to pass down.
             | 
             | This becomes more true by the year, as those costs keep
             | rising faster than broader inflation.
        
             | carlosjobim wrote:
             | You can do it before you die if you want to do that.
             | They're not much helped by you sitting on it until you die.
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | That's one of the biggest takeaways - if you're an
               | average American with average retirement, you will die in
               | your 70s and 80s and your children will inherit ... just
               | before their retirement, likely.
               | 
               | So instead of waiting to die, give it earlier when it
               | helps more; or give to grandchildren.
        
               | philwelch wrote:
               | Of course, but it's best to do both if possible.
        
             | robocat wrote:
             | You won't be able to in the future unless you are very
             | wealthy.
             | 
             | Countries cannot afford the benefits and healthcare
             | promised to retirees. So governments are getting more
             | grabby. That pattern seems to be occurring in many
             | countries.
             | 
             | New Zealand example: when you are in nursing or elderly
             | care you must spend all your savings and sell your home.
             | The retirement age also needs to increase - one fund
             | suggested to 70+
             | https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/business/586737/retirement-age-
             | wi...
             | 
             | Netherlands example: new capital tax 36% rate. A capital
             | growth tax (vermogensaanwasbelasting) applies to stocks,
             | bonds, savings, and cryptocurrencies. A separate capital
             | gains tax applies to real estate and startup shares, taxing
             | only upon sale.
             | 
             | US: see medical debts.
             | 
             | Articles usually talk about savings as though you can bank
             | some funds while working, earn interest, and withdraw the
             | savings later.
             | 
             | Don't deceive yourself thinking like that.
             | 
             | "Savings" cannot work in the future due to demographic
             | issues (especially due to people living longer) even if you
             | saw it work in the past.
             | 
             | Look at how many workers support one retiree. In New
             | Zealand it used to be 7 workers to one retiree, and in the
             | future it looks like 2 workers to 1 retiree.
             | 
             | This is a core issue for anyone below retirement age. Not
             | only do we deceive ourselves about solutions, we are
             | deceived by articles and history.
        
               | philwelch wrote:
               | I have no intention of spending my childrens' inheritance
               | selfishly extending my own life, and I'm grateful to live
               | somewhere I still have that choice. The people of New
               | Zealand and the Netherlands have my sympathy and I hope
               | they one day have the same freedom of choice.
        
         | throw-the-towel wrote:
         | As someone who used to save too much, I agree.
        
         | yoyohello13 wrote:
         | > Once the above is taken care of though, you can't take it
         | with you (at least in most religions) so spend it. Save enough,
         | but not too much.
         | 
         | I get it to a certain extent, don't live in poverty if you
         | don't have too, but I am a major saver. I rarely buy new things
         | if an old thing is working fine. If I die early at least my
         | family will will be set.
         | 
         | Really the social safety nets in the US are basically non-
         | existent so having a big savings buffer makes me feel a bit
         | safer. Honestly dying early doesn't worry me too much, I'll be
         | dead so doesn't bother me. What does worry me is the economy
         | tanks and all my saving become worthless. Then I would have
         | some regrets...
        
           | sigbottle wrote:
           | I save out of a combination of buying into minimalism as a
           | kid (though obviously it's nuanced) but also out of laziness,
           | lol.
        
         | ericmcer wrote:
         | You just get taken in by life though, it isn't even about
         | saving for some idealized retirement to me. As you age and your
         | parents get old and you have kids and a spouse you just live
         | less and less for yourself. You have to adopt a mental state
         | where you feel gratification in sacrificing for others, if you
         | constantly regret the things you can't do because people depend
         | on you, you will drive yourself nuts. That sort of "I am a
         | reliable provider and helper" mentality lends itself to
         | obsessively building up a "safety net" because you can feel
         | good about how stable and safe you make your loved ones.
        
         | dsign wrote:
         | Indeed. In fact, I would go further and say than, more than
         | saving money, one should make preparations for a dignified
         | passing should one's time come early. Living happy, dying
         | before a gruesome disease completely erases that treasure. And,
         | if destiny has it that one gets old enough, and one does so
         | with little more than a camping tent, leaving this world
         | because the night was too cold and one succumbed to hypothermia
         | beats what most people get at the end.
        
         | lelanthran wrote:
         | > you can't take it with you (at least in most religions) so
         | spend it.
         | 
         | I don't understand this PoV at all.
         | 
         | I can't take it with me, sure, but I'm happy anyway if I leave
         | it behind to my kids.
         | 
         | This PoV that you _need_ to spend, spend, spend to get the most
         | value for your money is very primitive - my kids will do better
         | if I die before touching my nest egg, and if I don 't at least
         | I'll have a longer runway to live without working.
         | 
         | There is no downside here, other than the artificial one that
         | dictates you spend it all and leave nothing behind.
        
           | bluGill wrote:
           | Why are you working to earn that money - take unpaid time off
           | to spend with the kids.
           | 
           | i get what you are saying, but leaving money to the kids
           | isn't the answer. (Other than collage money)
        
       | readthenotes1 wrote:
       | "In Singapore, people who report never putting off difficult
       | things are more likely to express saving regret than those who
       | sometimes do."
       | 
       | That seems like what they should have been looking at re
       | procrastination--conscientiousness.
       | 
       | I am not at all surprised that people who Take Care of Business
       | lament not doing a better job (saving) and people who YOLO don't
       | as much.
        
       | Noumenon72 wrote:
       | "Saving regret" ought to also refer to when you have saved too
       | much. The shocks in that case would be things like "inflation ate
       | away all my savings before I got to use them" or "the government
       | confiscated my savings via wealth taxes" or just generally "the
       | government made me spend 37% of my income on saving when I wanted
       | to use it to raise kids."
        
         | kdheiwns wrote:
         | Raising kids in a society where people hate their community and
         | don't want to contribute through things like taxes generally
         | isn't a society that is good for kids and their development.
        
         | kaibee wrote:
         | > "the government made me spend 37% of my income on saving when
         | I wanted to use it to raise kids."
         | 
         | This is a particularly funny one tbh. A nation's kids _are_ the
         | retirement plan. It doesn't matter how many numbers you put in
         | spreadsheets dated for 20-40 years into the future, if in said
         | future, there isn't actually anyone to accept those numbers in
         | exchange for labor.
        
         | nancyminusone wrote:
         | That seems like it causes a different category of problems than
         | "I wish I had saved more but I didn't and now I have nothing"
        
       | Sytten wrote:
       | Forced savings like done in Quebec, Canada is likely the best
       | model for most people even though I dont like it as an individual
       | that knows how to manage its portfolio. It also has the benefit
       | of creating a sovereign wealth fund that can invest locally and
       | be an economic driver but independent from the government.
        
         | nick__m wrote:
         | I actually like the forced saving of Quebec. I also have a
         | defined benefit pension plan, a TFSA and RRSP but I am happy to
         | be forced to contribute the RRQ for the general welfare of the
         | province even though I know how manage my portfolio.
         | 
         | Considering that they also have to consider economic
         | development in their investment decisions, the RRQ funds are
         | well managed by the CDPQ.
        
       | janalsncm wrote:
       | Numeracy questions are on page 20 here
       | https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/working_papers/WR...
       | 
       | People who score well on probability numeracy are likely better
       | educated and better paid and have more in automatic savings
       | plans. So if someone is maxing out their 401k they don't feel
       | they need to save more.
       | 
       | The article shows that in the US there is a 25 point gap between
       | high and low income on savings regret, and a 14 point gap between
       | high and low numeracy scores.
       | 
       | In Singapore where savings are more automatic numeracy is a more
       | powerful predictor.
        
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