[HN Gopher] Brookhaven Lab's RHIC concludes 25-year run with fin...
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       Brookhaven Lab's RHIC concludes 25-year run with final collisions
        
       Author : gnufx
       Score  : 94 points
       Date   : 2026-02-07 19:07 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.hpcwire.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.hpcwire.com)
        
       | davrosthedalek wrote:
       | This is in preparation for starting construction work on the
       | Electron-Ion-Collider (EIC) which will use the same tunnel and
       | experiment locations.
        
         | gnufx wrote:
         | As I recall, RHIC itself replaced some cancelled project. I
         | remember the tunnel being at least partly there in the mid-80s,
         | with a plan to trundle ions from the tandem lab through a crazy
         | long beamline across the site and stop nuclear structure
         | research there as a result.
        
           | phongn wrote:
           | ISABELLE, which was a cancelled proton-proton collider. Major
           | delays with its magnet design meant that it was overtaken by
           | existing programs at CERN and Fermilab. RHIC reused its hall.
        
       | webdevver wrote:
       | as a layperson, it seems the whole collider stuff has not been a
       | very fruitful scientific direction so far (has there been any
       | discovery made with the help of a collider that found its way
       | into an industrial product?)
       | 
       | maybe we are trying to 'jump' the tech tree too much - perhaps
       | the first step was to create a much smarter entity than
       | ourselves, and then letting _it_ have a look at the collider
       | data.
        
         | pfdietz wrote:
         | Look at it this way: they are investigating phenomena that
         | require a collider-sized object to see. So unless your
         | application involves a collider sized object, it won't use any
         | effect they discover.
         | 
         | The problem is that fundamental physics has moved too far
         | beyond the scales where we operate.
        
           | tehnub wrote:
           | I don't think that argument holds up. See quantum mechanics.
        
             | pfdietz wrote:
             | Quantum mechanics is demonstrable on a lab bench (or
             | smaller), so your counterargument is completely wrong.
             | 
             |  _Any_ useful consequence of a physical effect is, in
             | effect, an experiment that could test that effect. So if
             | the smallest test is with a machine the size of a small
             | country, no device using the effect can be smaller.
        
               | tehnub wrote:
               | They're using big things to do experiments. Maybe they
               | discover some new physical effect. How do you know that
               | that effect couldn't be demonstrated in some smaller
               | scale experiment after it's understood better?
        
               | pfdietz wrote:
               | Can you tell me of an example where that has happened? I
               | can't think of any.
        
               | T-A wrote:
               | Effective field theory
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effective_field_theory
               | 
               | demonstrably works up to the electroweak scale, which
               | requires an LHC-sized machine to probe.
        
               | lefra wrote:
               | The first working transistor was centimeter-scale, now
               | billions of them fit in that space.
               | 
               | The first useful internal combustion engines were room-
               | sized, now they fit on a moped.
               | 
               | The truck-sized hole in your argument is talking about
               | "the smallest test". First discoveries/demonstrations of
               | interesting phenomenons don't typically happen at the
               | smallest scale (why would they?).
        
               | T-A wrote:
               | The first working transistors and engines were of the
               | size which happened to be most convenient to work with.
               | They could then be shrunk because fundamental physical
               | limits to their size were far below human scale. Their
               | inventors were neither constrained by nor interested in
               | those fundamental physical limits. They were _inventors_
               | , not scientists.
               | 
               | In contrast, a particle accelerator like the LHC is
               | designed from the outset to explore physics at a given
               | energy scale at the lowest possible cost. Shrink it any
               | further and it will no longer work. Despite decades of
               | attempts to come up with alternative designs, when time
               | comes to draw up plans for a successor capable of pushing
               | to even higher energy, it's just more of the same:
               | 
               | https://home.cern/science/accelerators/future-circular-
               | colli...
        
               | pfdietz wrote:
               | Because if it were possible to (say) find the Higgs boson
               | at a smaller scale, they would have done that.
        
           | mmooss wrote:
           | You're in an IT forum and can't imagine implementations of
           | both the smallest and largest scales? ICs are built at
           | nanoscale and have to deal with quantum effects. PNT systems
           | are so large that they have to deal with the speed of light
           | and relativistic effects.
           | 
           | Many things humanity builds are on the scale of colliders.
           | 
           | > The problem is that fundamental physics
           | 
           | I didn't know there was a problem. It seems like one of
           | humanity's greatest successes.
        
             | pfdietz wrote:
             | You are mistating my argument. An honest reading, where you
             | try to read what I wrote in the way that makes the most
             | sense, would have concluded I was talking about large
             | scale, not small scale.
        
               | mmooss wrote:
               | Maybe it's not dishonesty; maybe people can disagree
               | genuinely; maybe others add their own points, and
               | communication is difficult; maybe you even
               | miscommunicated - such certainty and judgement is always
               | a signal of not seeing other people's perspectives.
               | Maybe, on a large scale, the world doesn't revolve around
               | what you intend to say.
               | 
               | As an example, I talked about both large and small scale.
        
         | AIorNot wrote:
         | I hate to be harsh but this mentality is part of the decline of
         | this country
         | 
         | (that is so evident with loss of manufacturing, open and free
         | science and tech robber barons oligarchs that have taken over
         | our national discourse)
         | 
         | Brookhaven was instrumental to Nobel winning discoveries and
         | Stony Brook was a great science minded university
         | 
         | I'm not opposed to investing in AI but its not a zero sum game
         | and we are not a country of data centers alone
        
           | pfdietz wrote:
           | At some point physics entitlement has to end -- why not here?
           | We can't just keep scaling up the size and cost of
           | fundamental physics experiments. Eventually the cost becomes
           | so large that platitudinous arguments for them don't work.
        
             | micromacrofoot wrote:
             | We absolutely can, and I reckon we will... this is like a
             | fraction of a percent of science funding which is a
             | fraction of a percent of GDP, we spend more on maintaining
             | warheads we can't use
             | 
             | 10% of the US military budget _for one year_ could build a
             | 100km collider, RHIC is 4km
        
             | Izikiel43 wrote:
             | It's not a question of "can", it's a question of "should".
             | No one knows what discoveries can happen and what the
             | spillover from them could be in the future. In essence,
             | it's a bet, a moonshot.
        
             | mmooss wrote:
             | How can you look at current and recent US science and call
             | it 'entitlement'? Have there been larger cuts anywhere in
             | modern history?
        
           | Insanity wrote:
           | Nit: saying "this country" without context on where the
           | parent poster is from or where you are from is kinda useless.
           | 
           | From context, you probably mean USA. And I'd agree, however
           | the US was always more technology minded than scientifically
           | minded, and the parent poster lines up with that centuries
           | old ideology. So I don't think this is per se a new thing.
        
           | davrosthedalek wrote:
           | Why past tense? BNL will host the EIC, and SBU is going full
           | steam.
        
           | DetroitThrow wrote:
           | FYI the lab isn't shutting down. Glad you appreciate it's
           | achievements though!
        
           | mindslight wrote:
           | You were not nearly harsh enough.
        
         | Keyframe wrote:
         | this particular collider or particle accelerators in general?
         | Cyclotrons are rather useful, for example.
        
         | GreyZephyr wrote:
         | The web would be one of the more well known technologies to
         | come out of running collider experiments. More directly a whole
         | lot of medical imaging including PET is only possible because
         | of either isotopes manufactured through colliders or sensors
         | developed in colliders.
        
         | gnufx wrote:
         | Since when were industrial products the purpose? Why do you
         | think my colleagues can't analyse LHC data and discover the
         | Higgs particle? The article says RHIC was a considerable
         | scientific success.
        
         | atoav wrote:
         | Yeah, one of them is used by you right now. The Internet.
        
         | WJW wrote:
         | https://physicsworld.com/a/what-have-particle-accelerators-e...
        
         | juanjmanfredi wrote:
         | Particle physicists working on collider experiments were among
         | the first people that needed to deal with large quantities of
         | digitally stored data. As a result, advances in the particle
         | and nuclear physics have fed advances in computing, and vice
         | versa [0]. The World Wide Web was invented at CERN, the largest
         | particle physics and accelerator laboratory in the world [1].
         | Another example more relevant to this post is when a few
         | physicists developed a CouchDB-based solution to handle the
         | large amounts of data generated by their RHIC and CERN
         | experiments. They spun that out into Cloudant, which was one of
         | the pioneers for DBaaS [2].
         | 
         | [0] https://www.symmetrymagazine.org/article/the-coevolution-
         | of-...
         | 
         | [1] https://home.cern/science/computing/birth-web/short-
         | history-...
         | 
         | [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloudant
        
         | JumpCrisscross wrote:
         | > _has there been any discovery made with the help of a
         | collider that found its way into an industrial product?_
         | 
         | Yes. SLAC has an excellent public-lecture series that touches
         | on industrial uses of particle colliders [1].
         | 
         | If you want a concrete example, "four basic technologies have
         | been developed to generate EUV light sources:" (1) synchrotron
         | radiation, (2) discharge-produced plasma, (3) free-elecron
         | lasers (FELs) and (4) laser-produced plasma [2]. Synchrotrons
         | are circular colliders. FELs came out of linear colliders [3].
         | (China has them too [4].)
         | 
         | We have modern semiconductors because we built colliders.
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_M6sjEYCE2I&list=PLFDBBAE492...
         | 
         | [2]
         | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S270947232...
         | 
         | [3] https://lcls.slac.stanford.edu
         | 
         | [4]
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai_Synchrotron_Radiation...
        
           | gnufx wrote:
           | In the context of the article "collider" means intersecting
           | particle beams, like in RHIC and LHC, which obviously
           | involves rather low probability interactions, as opposed to
           | accelerators which slam a beam into a dense target (like the
           | SLAC accelerator). In a synchrotron light source you want the
           | beam to circulate and specifically not collide with anything;
           | they were developed from particle physics accelerators, of
           | course.
        
             | slashdave wrote:
             | SLAC had a collider
        
         | mgibbs63 wrote:
         | I think there's a strong argument that the most useful product
         | from collider science is the synchrotron light source.
         | Researchers using collider rings realized that the x-ray
         | synchrotron light these rings emit (an inconvenience to
         | collider physics people) was a fantastic tool for structural
         | biology and materials science. Eventually, they built dedicated
         | electron storage rings that don't do collisions at all - the
         | main goal is producing bright X-ray beams.
         | 
         | Synchrotron light sources have had wide-ranging, concrete
         | impacts on "industrial products" that you probably use every
         | day via studies in: - Drug discovery (Tamiflu and Paxlovid are
         | good examples) - Battery technology (X-ray studies of how/why
         | batteries degrade over time has lead to better designs) - EUV
         | photolithography techniques - Giant Magetoresistance (Important
         | for high capacity spinning-disk hard drives)
        
           | gnufx wrote:
           | Indeed. The first dedicated light -- for various values of
           | "light" -- source[1] repurposed the tunnel and various bits
           | and techniques from the particle physics accelerator it
           | replaced, and on which parasitic "light" measurements were
           | made previously. See also [2].
           | 
           | 1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synchrotron_Radiation_Source
           | 
           | 2. https://www.ukri.org/publications/new-light-on-science-
           | socio...
        
         | magicalhippo wrote:
         | > has there been any discovery made with the help of a collider
         | that found its way into an industrial product?
         | 
         | Accelerators and colliders have had a profound impact on
         | medical sciences. Nuclear isotopes used for nuclear medicine[1]
         | is often produced by cyclotrons[2], the accelerator component
         | of circular colliders. The detectors[3] used in things like PET
         | scanners are based on detectors used in collision
         | experiments[4]. Using protons to treat cancer was an idea that
         | came directly from work on cyclotrons[5]. Using the tools
         | developed to simulate how the collision fallout interact with
         | the detectors at LHC[6] has been incorporated into radiotherapy
         | to more accurately compute required doses[7][8].
         | 
         | > perhaps the first step was to create a much smarter entity
         | than ourselves, and then letting it have a look at the collider
         | data
         | 
         | We are actually data starved, we have lots of good ideas but no
         | way to test them.
         | 
         | [1]:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_medicine#Sources_of_ra...
         | 
         | [2]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclotron
         | 
         | [3]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_camera
         | 
         | [4]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scintigraphy#Process
         | 
         | [5]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton_therapy#History
         | 
         | [6]: https://kt.cern/technologies/geant4
         | 
         | [7]: https://aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/mp.17678
         | 
         | [8]:
         | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S240542832...
        
         | whatshisface wrote:
         | Colliders have been the source of almost everything we know
         | about the fundamental nature of reality. That makes them a
         | fruitful scientific direction.
        
           | mmooss wrote:
           | Very much yes: Knowledge is valuable itself. We're
           | discovering the secrets of the universe.
           | 
           | The owners of capital have created an amazing, self-serving
           | ideology in the US (and elsehwere): If something doesn't help
           | them make money, it's worthless. People seem to think that's
           | part of the US - in the Declaration of Independence and
           | Constitution.
           | 
           | Even more amazing is that I hear scholars in non-profitable
           | fields parrot those ideas. I think capitalism - and
           | especially free markets - work well in many ways, but it's a
           | means to an end, not a religion. Capitalism serves us, not
           | vice-versa.
        
             | thesmtsolver2 wrote:
             | This is not a capitalism issue. During the communist
             | revolution, scientists were persecuted if their work was
             | too "intellectual" and didn't have immediate use.
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stinking_Old_Ninth
             | 
             | https://www.culturalrevolutionceramics.com/object-
             | details/do...
        
               | mmooss wrote:
               | The Church of Capitalism (as opposed to small-c
               | capitalism) is the ideology of here and now; that's what
               | I was talking about. The capitalist-communist dichotomy -
               | a favorite of ideologues in both groups - is not
               | something I was referring to.
        
               | direwolf20 wrote:
               | There can be more than one religion with similar beliefs.
        
         | phongn wrote:
         | Tevatron's construction program built up a lot of industrial
         | capacity for superconducting magnets. This was by design, in
         | the hopes that it would drive induced demand for them. One of
         | the first beneficiaries were MRI machines, which became a lot
         | more affordable to produce.
         | 
         | The DOE hoped to repeat that success in the 1990s with the much
         | larger SSC, but it was cancelled.
        
         | slashdave wrote:
         | > has there been any discovery made with the help of a collider
         | that found its way into an industrial product?
         | 
         | That's not why they were built
         | 
         | > then letting it have a look at the collider data.
         | 
         | I don't think you understand how collider data is analyzed
        
         | direwolf20 wrote:
         | What would that entity do exactly?
        
       | tahoeskibum wrote:
       | How time passes! I remember touring the RHIC tunnels back in 1999
       | when it was being made.
        
       | syntaxing wrote:
       | I worked at BNL during college days through the SULI program!
       | Some of my peers from college is working there full time now too.
       | I got to work on some really cool stuff but unfortunately a lot
       | of the tenured researcher I knew have seem to left. I heard a lot
       | of researchers left during Trump's first term.
        
       | ephimetheus wrote:
       | sPHENIX uses software that we've worked on at CERN to do some of
       | their reconstruction!
        
       | frob wrote:
       | I spent days and days inside the STAR control room in grad
       | school, often during the 12:30am-7:30am graveyard shift. We
       | needed to run 24/7 for efficiency reasons during the experimental
       | season. Getting superconductors down to temp is costly, so once
       | you get it there, it is go time all the time.
       | 
       | You had to stay on top of all the detectors and triggers, since
       | every minute of beam time cost around $1k. You often sat around
       | doing little, probably working on other research, and then would
       | need to drop everything to reboot a detector so we could get back
       | to collecting data.
       | 
       | RHIC is dead. Long live eRHIC.
        
         | divbzero wrote:
         | Thanks for contributing to research.
         | 
         | What was the "experimental season"? Why was there an
         | experimental season vs. running RHIC all year?
        
           | awjlogan wrote:
           | Maintainance and upgrades. These big shared facilities they
           | are shutdown regularly and researchers work flat out while
           | they're up.
        
             | scheme271 wrote:
             | Doesn't power costs also affect shutdown periods? I know
             | that CERN would shutdown in winter due to increased power
             | costs and power demands around then. I suppose something
             | similar may affect accelerators in the US.
        
           | fyredge wrote:
           | Cost of electricity. Accelerators consume huge amounts of
           | power and require the appropriate infrastructure. For example
           | in RIKEN, Japan, agreement is made beforehand with electric
           | companies to provide power to the accelerator during specific
           | spring and fall months, where demand for air conditioner and
           | heaters are at the lowest.
        
           | wildzzz wrote:
           | NSRL is like $7k/hr and required over a dozen physicists when
           | running the beam. The point is to get the most amount of
           | experiments performed while everyone is available to do so.
           | We would work like a 12 hour day when running tests at NSRL
           | without any days off until we were done.
        
       | vvpan wrote:
       | My father worked on PHOENIX for over a decade and I got to watch
       | all the equipment being assembled as a teen, unforgettable to
       | have spent time so close to "big science". During budget cuts Jim
       | Simons paid to keep the accelerator running.
        
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