[HN Gopher] The AI boom is causing shortages everywhere else
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       The AI boom is causing shortages everywhere else
        
       Author : 1vuio0pswjnm7
       Score  : 387 points
       Date   : 2026-02-07 11:21 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.washingtonpost.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.washingtonpost.com)
        
       | lordnacho wrote:
       | The real question is whether the boom is, economically, a
       | mistake.
       | 
       | If AI is here to stay, as a thing that permanently increases
       | productivity, then AI buying up all the electricians and network
       | engineers is a (correct) signal. People will take courses in
       | those things and try to get a piece of the winnings. Same with
       | those memory chips that they are gobbling up, it just tells
       | everyone where to make a living.
       | 
       | If it's a flash in a pan, and it turns out to be empty promises,
       | then all those people are wasting their time.
       | 
       | What we really want to ask ourselves is whether our economy is
       | set up to mostly get things right, or it is wastefully searching.
        
         | jleyank wrote:
         | They still gotta figure out how their consumers will get the
         | cash to consume. Toss all the developers and a largish cohort
         | of well-paid people head towards the dole.
        
           | oblio wrote:
           | At some point rich people stop caring about money and only
           | care about power.
        
             | willis936 wrote:
             | It's a fun thought, but you know what we call those people?
             | Poor. The people who light their own money on fire today
             | are ceding power. The two are the same.
        
               | catlifeonmars wrote:
               | 1. Some people can afford to light a lot of their money
               | on fire and still remain rich.
               | 
               | 2. The trick is to burn other people's money. Which is a
               | lot more akin to what is going on here. Then, at least in
               | the US, if you're too big to fail, the fed will just give
               | you more cash effectively diminishing everyone else's
               | buying power.
        
               | willis936 wrote:
               | In regards to 2: it's as simple as not letting it be your
               | money being set on fire. Every fiscally responsible
               | individual is making sure they have low exposure to the
               | mag 7.
        
               | oblio wrote:
               | At the end the day a medieval lord was poor but he lived
               | a better life than the peasants.
        
               | WarOnPrivacy wrote:
               | > At the end the day a medieval lord was poor but he
               | lived a better life than the peasants.
               | 
               | As measured in knowledge utilized during basic living:
               | The lives of lords were much less complex than that of
               | modern poor people.
        
           | rybosworld wrote:
           | Yeah I don't think this get's enough attention. It still
           | requires a technical person to use these things effectively.
           | Building coherent systems that solve a business problem is an
           | iterative process. I have a hard time seeing how an LLM could
           | climb that mountain on it's own.
           | 
           | I don't think there's a way to solve the issue of: one-
           | shotted apps will increasingly look more convincing, in the
           | same way that the image generation looks more convincing. But
           | when you peel back the curtain, that output isn't quite
           | correct enough to deploy to production. You could try brute-
           | force vibe iterating until it's exactly what you wanted, but
           | that rarely works for anything that isn't a CRUD app.
           | 
           | Ask any of the image generators to build you a sprite sheet
           | for a 2d character with multiple animation frames. I have
           | never gotten one to do this successfully in one prompt.
           | Sometimes the background will be the checkerboard png
           | transparency layer. Except, the checkers aren't all one color
           | (#000000, #ffffff), instead it's a million variations of off-
           | white and off-black. The legs in walking frames are almost
           | never correct, etc.
           | 
           | And even if they get close - as soon as you try to iterate on
           | the first output, you enter a game of whack-a-mole. Okay we
           | fixed the background but now the legs don't look right, let's
           | fix those. Okay great legs are fixed but now the faces are
           | different in every frame let's fix those. Oh no fixing the
           | faces broke the legs again, Etc.
           | 
           | We are in a weird place where companies are shedding the
           | engineers that know how to use these things. And some of
           | those engineers will become solo-devs. As a solo-dev, funds
           | won't be infinite. So it doesn't seem likely that they can
           | jack up the prices on the consumer plans. But if companies
           | keep firing developers, then who will actually steer the
           | agents on the enterprise plans?
        
             | KellyCriterion wrote:
             | esp when it comes down to integration with the rest of the
             | business processes & people aroud this "single apps" :-)
        
             | throwaw12 wrote:
             | > But when you peel back the curtain, that output isn't
             | quite correct enough to deploy to production
             | 
             | What if, we change current production environments to fit
             | that blackbox and make it run somehow with 99% availability
             | and good security?
        
             | mc-0 wrote:
             | > It still requires a technical person to use these things
             | effectively.
             | 
             | I feel like few people critically think about how technical
             | skill gets acquired in the age of LLMs. Statements like
             | this kind of ignore that those who are the most productive
             | already have experience & technical expertise. It's almost
             | like there is a belief that technical people just grow on
             | trees or that every LLM response somehow imparts knowledge
             | when you use these things.
             | 
             | I can vibe code things that would take me a large time
             | investment to learn and build. But I don't know how or why
             | anything works. If I get asked to review it to ensure it's
             | accurate, it would take me a considerable amount of time
             | where it would otherwise just be easier for me to actually
             | learn the thing. Feels like those most adamant about being
             | more productive in the age of AI/LLMs don't consider any of
             | the side effects of its use.
        
               | IsTom wrote:
               | That's not something that will affect the next quarter,
               | so for US companies it might as well be something that
               | happens in Narnia.
        
           | mylifeandtimes wrote:
           | Why do we need people to consume when we have the government?
           | 
           | Serious question. As in, we built the last 100 years on "the
           | american consumer", the idea that it would be the people
           | buying everything. There is no reason that needs to or
           | necessarily will continue-- don't get me wrong, I kind of
           | hope it does, but my hopes don't always predict what actually
           | happens.
           | 
           | What if the next 100 is the government buying everything, and
           | the vast bulk of the people are effectively serfs. Who HAVE
           | to stay in line otherwise they go to debt prison or tax
           | prison where they become slaves (yes, the US has a fairly
           | large population of prison laborers who are forced to work
           | for 15-50 cents/hour. The lucky ones can earn as much as
           | $1.50/hour.
           | https://www.prisonpolicy.org/blog/2017/04/10/wages/
        
             | smegger001 wrote:
             | where will the government get the money to buy anything if
             | the billionaires and their mega corps have it all and spend
             | sufficient amounts to keep the government from taxing. we
             | have a k shape economy where the capital class is
             | extracting all of the value from the working class who are
             | headed to subsistence levels of income and the low class
             | dies in the ditch.
        
           | nosianu wrote:
           | Like before - debt!
           | 
           | This prevents the consumers from slacking off and enjoying
           | life, instead they have to continue to work work work. They
           | get to consume a little, and work _much_ more (after all,
           | they also have to pay interest, and for consumer credits and
           | credits that the masses get that adds up to a lot).
           | 
           | In this scenario, it does not even matter that many are
           | unable to pay off all that debt. As long as the amount of
           | work that is extracted from them significantly exceeds the
           | amount of consumption allowed to them all is fine.
           | 
           | The chains that bind used to be metal, but we progressed and
           | became a civilized society. Now it's the financial system and
           | the laws. "The law, in its majestic equality, forbids rich
           | and poor alike to sleep under bridges, to beg in the streets,
           | and to steal their bread." (Anatole France)
        
         | forinti wrote:
         | I know that all investments have risk, but this is one risky
         | gamble.
         | 
         | US$700 billion could build a lot of infrastructure, housing, or
         | manufacturing capacity.
        
           | unsupp0rted wrote:
           | What $700 billion can't do is cure cancers, Parkinsons, etc.
           | We know because we've tried and that's barely a sliver of
           | what it's cost so far, for middling results.
           | 
           | Whereas $700 billion in AI might actually do that.
        
             | wolfram74 wrote:
             | Your name is well earned! "can't cure cancers" is
             | impressively counterfactual [0] as 5 year survival of
             | cancer diagnosis is up over almost all categories. Despite
             | every cancer being a unique species trying to kill you,
             | we're getting better and better at dealing with them.
             | 
             | [0]https://www.cancer.org/research/acs-research-
             | news/people-are...
        
               | unsupp0rted wrote:
               | Yes, we're getting better at treating cancers, but still
               | if a person gets cancer, chances are good the thing
               | they'll die of is cancer. Middling results.
               | 
               | Because we're not good at curing cancers, we're just good
               | at making people survive better for longer until the
               | cancer gets them. 5 year survival is a lousy metric but
               | it's the best we can manage and measure.
               | 
               | I'm perfectly happy investing roughly 98% of my savings
               | into the thing that has a solid shot at curing cancers,
               | autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases. I don't
               | understand why all billionaires aren't doing this.
        
               | beepbooptheory wrote:
               | Maybe it should give you pause then, that not everyone
               | else is investing 98% of their savings?
        
               | unsupp0rted wrote:
               | It gives me pause that most people drive cars or are
               | willing to sit in one for more than 20 minutes a week.
               | 
               | But people accept the status quo and are afraid to take a
               | moment's look into the face of their own impending
               | injury, senescence and death: that's how our brains are
               | wired to survive and it used to make sense evolutionarily
               | until about 5 minutes ago.
        
               | minifridge wrote:
               | How AI will cure neurodegenerative diseases and cancer?
        
               | unsupp0rted wrote:
               | If we knew that we probably wouldn't need AI to tell us.
               | 
               | But realistically: perhaps by noticing patterns we've
               | failed to notice and by generating likely molecules or
               | pathways to treatment that we hadn't explored.
               | 
               | We don't really know what causes most diseases anyway.
               | Why does the Shingles vaccine seem to defend against
               | dementia? Why does picking your nose a lot seem to
               | increase risk of Alzheimer's?
               | 
               | That's the point of building something smarter than us:
               | it can get to places we can't get on our own, at least
               | much faster than we could without it.
        
               | catlifeonmars wrote:
               | I don't think that lack of intelligence is the
               | bottleneck. It might be in some places, but
               | categorically, across the board, our bottlenecks are much
               | more pragmatic and mundane.
               | 
               | Consider another devastating disease: tuberculosis. It's
               | largely eradicated in the 1st world but is still a major
               | cause of death basically everywhere else. We know how to
               | treat it, lack of knowledge isn't the bottleneck. I'd say
               | effectively we do not have a cure for TB because we have
               | not made that cure accessible to enough humans.
        
               | alex43578 wrote:
               | That's a weird way to frame it. It's like saying we don't
               | know how to fly because everyone doesn't own a personal
               | plane.
               | 
               | We have treatments (cures) for TB: antibiotics. Even XDR-
               | TB.
               | 
               | What we don't have is a cure for most types of cancer.
        
               | catlifeonmars wrote:
               | Flying is a bad example because airlines are a thing and
               | make flying relatively accessible.
               | 
               | I get your point, but I don't think it really matters. If
               | a cure for most (or all) cancers is known but it's not
               | accessible to most people then it is effectively
               | nonexistent. E.g it will be like TB.
               | 
               | > We have treatments (cures) for TB
               | 
               | TB is still one of the top 10 causes of death globally.
        
               | alex43578 wrote:
               | Things like antibiotics are plenty accessible - 3rd world
               | countries are literally overusing and misusing
               | antibiotics to the point of causing drug resistance in
               | TB. "Effectively we do not have [thing] because we have
               | not made that [thing] accessible to enough humans" is an
               | exercise in goal-post moving.
               | 
               | About 15% of people over the age of 15 are illiterate,
               | but it'd be silly to say "effectively we don't have
               | literacy", even in a global context. Depending on the
               | stat, 1 in 10 don't have access to electricity, but
               | electricity has been in 50% of American homes for over
               | 100 years.
               | 
               | The reality is that the future is unevenly distributed.
               | AI and more broadly technology as a whole, will only
               | exacerbate that uneven distribution. That's just the
               | reality of progress: we didn't stall electrifying homes
               | in NYC because they didn't get electricity in Papua New
               | Guinea.
               | 
               | If AI discovers a cure for cancer, it may be incredibly
               | unevenly distributed. Imagine it's some amp'd-up form of
               | CAR-T, requiring huge resources and expenses, but
               | offering an actual cure for that individual. It'd be
               | absurd to say we couldn't consider cancer cured just
               | because the approach doesn't scale to a $1 pill.
        
               | catlifeonmars wrote:
               | > As an example, in the UK in 2013 the cost of standard
               | TB treatment was estimated at PS5,000 while the cost of
               | treating MDR-TB was estimated to be more than 10 times
               | greater, ranging from PS50,000 to PS70,000 per case.
               | 
               | I pulled this from Wikipedia. It does not look like TB
               | treatment is "plenty affordable".
               | 
               | If the issue is with the semantics of the word "cure"
               | that's not a hill I'll die on, but can you see how
               | knowing how to cure something and actually curing
               | something are two vastly different things?
        
               | tim333 wrote:
               | Maybe along the lines of alphafold 3
               | https://blog.google/innovation-and-ai/products/google-
               | deepmi...
        
               | danaris wrote:
               | Ah, yes: "well, _we_ can 't cure cancer or autoimmune and
               | neurodegenerative diseases, but I'm willing to invest
               | basically all my money into a thing that's...trained on
               | the things we know how to do already, and isn't actually
               | very good at doing any of them."
               | 
               | ...Meanwhile, we are developing techniques to yes, _cure_
               | some kinds of cancer, as in every time they check back it
               | 's _completely gone_ , without harming healthy tissue.
               | 
               | We are developing "anti-vaccines" for autoimmune
               | diseases, that can teach our bodies to stop attacking
               | themselves.
               | 
               | We are learning where some of the origins of the
               | neurodegenerative diseases are, in ways that makes
               | treating them much more feasible.
               | 
               | So you're 100% wrong about the things _we_ can 't do, and
               | your confidence in what "AI" can do is ludicrously
               | unfounded.
        
               | unsupp0rted wrote:
               | Every doctor and researcher in the world is trained on
               | things we already know how to do already.
               | 
               | I'm not claiming we haven't made a dent. I'm claiming I'm
               | in roughly as much danger from these things right now as
               | any human ever has been: middling results.
               | 
               | If we can speed up the cures by even 1%, that's
               | cumulatively billions of hours of human life saved by the
               | time we're done.
        
               | danaris wrote:
               | But what they can do, that AI can't, is try new things in
               | measured, effective, and ethical ways.
               | 
               | And that _hypothetical_ "billions of hours of human life
               | saved" has to be measured against the _actual_ damage
               | being done right now.
               | 
               | Real damage to economy, environment, politics, social
               | cohesion, and people's lives now
               | 
               | vs
               | 
               | Maybe, someday, we improve the speed of finding cures for
               | diseases? In an unknown way, at an unknown time, for an
               | unknown cost, and by an unknown amount.
               | 
               | Who knows, maybe they'll give everyone a pony while
               | they're at it! It seems just as likely as what you're
               | proposing.
        
               | catlifeonmars wrote:
               | > I don't understand why all billionaires aren't doing
               | this.
               | 
               | I know, shocking isn't it?
        
               | XCSme wrote:
               | Treating cancer is not the same as curing it. Currently,
               | no doctor would ever tell you you are "cured", just that
               | you are in remission.
        
               | kmbfjr wrote:
               | Cancer is approaching being a managed chronic disease.
               | That isn't remission.
        
               | XCSme wrote:
               | In my experience, most people with cancer that I know
               | simply oscillate between having life-threatening active
               | cancer/tumors and remission.
               | 
               | I don't know any case where people have detectable cancer
               | and it's just being managed, I think that's more the
               | exception than the rule.
               | 
               | For my girlfriend, when she was in her last stages they
               | had to do that (try to slow down/manage the cancer
               | instead of remove it), but that was already palliative
               | care and she died soon after. Also, the only reason they
               | didn't try removing the tumor is because the specific
               | location in the brain (pons) is inoperable.
        
           | tomjen3 wrote:
           | There is no shortage of money to build housing. There is an
           | abundance of regulatory burdens in places that are desirable
           | to live in.
           | 
           | Its not due to a lack of money that housing in SF is
           | extremely expensive.
        
             | ajam1507 wrote:
             | SF is not the only place where housing is expensive. There
             | are plenty of cities where they could build more housing
             | and they don't because it isn't profitable or because they
             | don't have the workers to build more, not because the
             | government is telling them they can't.
        
               | WillPostForFood wrote:
               | Which cities, for example?
        
               | loeg wrote:
               | It is expensive in those other places for similar reasons
               | as SF -- the government either tells them they can't
               | (through zoning), or makes it very expensive (through
               | regulation, like IZ / "affordable" housing), or limit
               | profitability (rent control), or some combination of the
               | above. All of these reduce the supply of new housing.
        
               | zeroonetwothree wrote:
               | Generally the cities where housing is expensive are
               | exactly the ones where the government is telling people
               | they can't build (or making it very expensive to get
               | approval). Do you have a specific example of a city such
               | as you claim?
        
           | throwaw12 wrote:
           | > US$700 billion could build a lot of infrastructure,
           | housing, or manufacturing capacity.
           | 
           | I am now 100% convinced, that the US has power to build those
           | things, but it will not, because it means lives of ordinary
           | people will be elevated even more, this is not what brutal
           | capitalism wants.
           | 
           | If it can make top 1% richer in 10 year span vs good for
           | everyone in 20 years, it will go with former
        
         | 112233 wrote:
         | "If X is here to stay, as a thing that permanently increases
         | productivity" - matches a lot of different X. Maintaining
         | persons health increases productivity. Good education increases
         | productivity. What is playing out now is completely different -
         | it is both irresistible lust for omniscient power provided by
         | this technology ("mirror mirror on the wall, who has recently
         | thought bad things about me?"), and the dread of someone else
         | wielding it.
         | 
         | Plus, it makes natural moat against masses of normal (i.e.
         | poor) people, because requires a spaceship to run. Finally
         | intelligence can also be controlled by capital the way it was
         | meant to, joining information, creativity, means of production,
         | communication and such things
        
           | mattgreenrocks wrote:
           | > Plus, it makes natural moat against masses of normal (i.e.
           | poor) people, because requires a spaceship to run. Finally
           | intelligence can also be controlled by capital the way it was
           | meant to, joining information, creativity, means of
           | production, communication and such things
           | 
           | I'd put intelligence in quotes there, but it doesn't detract
           | from the point.
           | 
           | It is astounding to me how willfully ignorant people are
           | being about the massive aggregation of power that's going on
           | here. In retrospect, I don't think they're ignorant, they
           | just haven't had to think about it much in the past. But this
           | is a real problem with very real consequences. Sovereignty
           | must be occasionally be asserted, or someone will infringe
           | upon it.
           | 
           | That's exactly what's happening here.
        
             | fennecbutt wrote:
             | >massive aggregation of power that's going on here
             | 
             | Which has been happening since what at least the bad old
             | IBM days and nobody's done a thing about it?
             | 
             | I've given up tbh. It's like the apathetic masses want the
             | billionaires to become trillionaires as long as they get
             | their tiktok fix.
        
               | luqtas wrote:
               | > It's like the apathetic masses want the billionaires to
               | become trillionaires as long as they get their tiktok
               | fix.
               | 
               | it's much worse. a great demographic of hacker news love
               | gen. AI.. these are usually highly educated people
               | showing their true faces on the plethora of problems this
               | technology violates and generates
        
               | int_19h wrote:
               | There's nothing wrong with generative AI as a technology.
               | 
               | The problem is that it's in the hands of sociopaths. But
               | that is a general problem with our socioeconomic system,
               | not with AI.
        
               | zenmac wrote:
               | >I've given up tbh. It's like the apathetic masses want
               | the billionaires to become trillionaires as long as they
               | get their tiktok fix.
               | 
               | Especially at cost of diverting power and water for
               | farmers and humans who need them. And the benefit of the
               | AI seems quite limited from recent Signal post here on
               | HN.
        
               | pixl97 wrote:
               | Water for farmers is its own pile of bullshit. Beef uses
               | a stupid amount of water. Same with almonds. If you're
               | actually worried about feeding people and not just
               | producing an expensive economic product you're not going
               | to make them.
               | 
               | Same goes for people living in deserts where we have to
               | ship water thousands of miles.
               | 
               | Give me a break.
        
               | tormeh wrote:
               | Very important. There is more than just 1 bullshit line
               | of business.
        
               | datsci_est_2015 wrote:
               | And one of my favorites, alfalfa in Arizona for Saudi
               | Arabian horses.
               | 
               | Water usage must be taxed according to its use,
               | unfortunately.
        
           | strken wrote:
           | The difference is that we've more or less hit a stable Pareto
           | front in education and healthcare. Gains are small and
           | incremental; if you pour more money into one place and less
           | into another, you generally don't end up much better off,
           | although you can make small but meaningful improvements in
           | select areas. You can push the front forward slightly with
           | new research and innovation, but not very fast or far.
           | 
           | The current generation of AI is an opportunity for quick
           | gains that go beyond just a few months longer lifespan or a
           | 2% higher average grade. It is an unrealised and maybe
           | unrealistic opportunity, but it's not just greed and lust for
           | power that pushes people to invest, it's hope that this time
           | the next big thing will make a real difference. It's not the
           | same as investing more in schools because it's far less
           | certain but also has a far higher alleged upside.
        
             | KellyCriterion wrote:
             | > if you pour more money into one place and less into
             | another, you generally don't end up much better off,
             | although you can make small but meaningful improvements in
             | select areas
             | 
             | "Marginal cost barrier" hit, then?
        
             | 112233 wrote:
             | > The difference is that we've more or less hit a stable
             | Pareto front in education and healthcare. Gains are small
             | and incremental;
             | 
             | You probably mean gains between someone receiving healtcare
             | and education now, as compared to 10 years ago, or maybe
             | you mean year to year average across every man alive.
             | 
             | You certainly do not mean that person receiving appropriate
             | healthcare is only 2% better off than one not receiving it,
             | or educated person is noly 2% better of than an uneducated
             | one?
             | 
             | Because I find such notion highly unlikely. So, here you
             | have vast amounts of people you can mine for productivity
             | increase, simply by providing things that exist already and
             | are available in unlimited supply to anyone who can produce
             | money at will. Instead, let's build warehouses and fill
             | them with obsolete tech, power it all up using tiny Sun and
             | .. what exactly?
             | 
             | This seems like a thinly disguised act of an obsessed
             | person that will stop at nothing to satisfy their
             | fantasies.
        
             | ZoomZoomZoom wrote:
             | > The difference is that we've more or less hit a stable
             | Pareto front in education and healthcare.
             | 
             | Not even close. So many parts of the world need to be
             | pumped with target fund infusions ASAP. Only forcing higher
             | levels of education and healthcare at the places where it
             | lags is a viable step towards securing peaceful and
             | prosperous nearest future.
        
               | pixl97 wrote:
               | Then why didn't that happen before GenAI was a thing?
               | 
               | I think some people may have to face the fact that money
               | was never going to go there under any circumstances.
        
               | mattnewton wrote:
               | > Then why didn't that happen before GenAI was a thing?
               | 
               | Because there was no easy way for the people directing
               | capital to those endeavors to make themselves richer.
        
             | lazyasciiart wrote:
             | Pareto is irrelevant, because they are talking about how to
             | use all of this money not currently used in healthcare or
             | education.
        
               | hunterpayne wrote:
               | Also throwing money at problems doesn't necessarily solve
               | them. Sometimes problems get worse when you throw more
               | money at them. No matter how much money you throw at
               | education, if you don't use Phonics to teach them, kids
               | won't be able to read. Guess what we use?
        
               | lazyasciiart wrote:
               | Ok, this is mostly irrelevant - education is not one of
               | those problems that money can't at least massively
               | improve. And lack of direct phonics instruction will
               | leave behind _some_ kids. And if you use phonics without
               | the rest of learning to read, some of them still won't
               | manage it. One of the reasons that teaching American kids
               | how to read varies is that somewhere between 30 and 60%
               | of kids will figure it out if you just read to them
               | enough. The others have a wide variety of gaps, ranging
               | from hearing or sight difficulties to short term memory
               | issues to _not speaking English_. Phonics helps a subset
               | of them, but is not enough by itself - and I don't know
               | who "we" is, but most American schools do and have always
               | taught phonics. The debate is really over the length of
               | time and level of focus it gets, and whether to make 100%
               | of kids sit through it when maybe half of them don't need
               | it. I'm sure there are teachers out there who just don't
               | teach phonics but I haven't seen them.
        
           | gom_jabbar wrote:
           | > Finally intelligence can also be controlled by capital
           | 
           | The relationship between capital and AI is a fascinating
           | topic. The contemporary philosopher who has thought most
           | intensely about this is probably Nick Land (who is heavily
           | inspired by Eugen von Bohm-Bawerk and Friedrich Hayek). For
           | Land, intelligence has always been immanent in capitalism and
           | capitalism is actively producing it. As we get closer to the
           | realization of capitalism's telos/attractor (technological
           | singularity), this becomes more and more obvious
           | (intelligible).
        
         | somewhereoutth wrote:
         | I suspect a lot of this is due to large amounts of liquidity
         | sloshing around looking for returns. We are still dealing with
         | the consequences of the ZIRP (Zero Interest Rate Policy) and QE
         | (Quantitative Easing) where money to support the economy
         | through the Great Financial Crisis and Covid was largely
         | funneled in to the top, causing the 'everything bubble'. The
         | rich got (a lot) richer, and now have to find something to do
         | with that wealth. The immeasurable returns promised by LLMs (in
         | return for biblical amounts of investment) fits that bill very
         | well.
        
         | mcphage wrote:
         | > What we really want to ask ourselves is whether our economy
         | is set up to mostly get things right, or it is wastefully
         | searching.
         | 
         | I can't speak to the economy as a whole, but the tech economy
         | has a long history of bubbles and scams. Some huge successes,
         | too--but gets it wrong more often than it gets it right.
        
         | Archelaos wrote:
         | In 2024, global GDP was $111 trillion.[1] Investing 1 or 2 % of
         | that to improve global productivity via AI does not seem
         | exaggerated to me.
         | 
         | [1] https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD
        
           | throwaw12 wrote:
           | I will put it differently,
           | 
           | Investing 1 or 2% of global GDP to increase wealth gap 50%
           | more and make top 1% unbelievable rich while everyone else
           | looking for jobs or getting 50 year mortgage, seem very bad
           | idea to me.
        
             | cheonn638 wrote:
             | >Investing 1 or 2% of global GDP to increase wealth gap 50%
             | more
             | 
             | What's your definition of wealth gap?
             | 
             | Is it how you feel when you see the name of a billionaire?
        
               | fennecbutt wrote:
               | Yes the very fact that billionaires exist mean our
               | species has failed.
               | 
               | I do not believe that there is a legitimate billionaire
               | on the planet, in that they haven't engaged in stock
               | manipulation, lobbying, insider trading, corrupt deals,
               | monopolistic practices, dark patterns, corporate tax
               | dodging, personal tax dodging.
               | 
               | You could for example say that the latter are technically
               | legal and therefore okay, but it's my belief that they're
               | "technically legal/loopholes" because we have reached a
               | point where the rich are so powerful that they bend the
               | laws to their own ends.
               | 
               | Our species is a bit of a disappointment. People would
               | rather focus on trivial tribal issues than on anything
               | that impacts the majority of the members of our species.
               | We are well and truly animals.
        
               | mjamesaustin wrote:
               | It's easy to access statistics about wealth and income
               | inequality. It is worse than it has ever been, and
               | continuing to get worse.
               | 
               | https://www.pewresearch.org/social-
               | trends/2020/01/09/trends-...
        
             | simianwords wrote:
             | It can be both? Both that inequality increases but also
             | prosperity for the lower class? I don't mind that trade
             | off.
             | 
             | If some one were to say to you - you can have 10,000 more
             | iPhones to play with but your friends would get 100,000
             | iPhones, would you reject the deal?
        
               | techblueberry wrote:
               | I think you inadvertently stepped in the point -- Yes,
               | what the fuck do I need 10,000 iPhones for? Also part of
               | the problem is which resources end up in abundance. What
               | am I going to do with more compute when housing and land
               | are a limited resource.
               | 
               | Gary's Economics talks about this but in many cases
               | inequality _is_ the problem. More billionaires means more
               | people investing in limited resources(housing) driving up
               | prices.
               | 
               | Maybe plebes get more money too, but not enough to spend
               | on the things that matter.
        
               | simianwords wrote:
               | It's just a proxy for wealth using concrete things.
               | 
               | If you were given 10,000 dollars but your friends were
               | also 100,000 dollars as well, would you take the deal?
               | 
               | Land and housing can get costlier while other things get
               | cheaper, making you overall more prosperous. This is what
               | happened in the USA and most of the world. Would you take
               | this deal?
        
               | techblueberry wrote:
               | You're missing the point. It's not about jealousy it's
               | basic economics - supply and demand. No I would not take
               | the deal if it raised the demand in something central to
               | my happiness (housing) driving the price up for something
               | previously affordable and make it unaffordable.
               | 
               | I would not trade my house for a better iPhone with
               | higher quality YouTube videos, and slightly more
               | fashionable athleisure.
               | 
               | I don't care how many yacht's Elon Musk has, I care how
               | many governments.
        
               | simianwords wrote:
               | What if you could buy the same house as before, buy the
               | same iPhone as before and still have more money
               | remaining? But your house cost way way more
               | proportionally.
        
               | techblueberry wrote:
               | If you're asking me if I'm an idiot who doesn't
               | understand basic economics / capitalism, the answer is
               | no. If you're asking me if I think that in the real world
               | there are negative externalities of inequality in and of
               | itself that makes it more complicated than "everyone gets
               | more but billionaires get more more" than the answer is
               | yes.
        
               | majormajor wrote:
               | If you want to claim that that's a realistic outcome you
               | should look at how people lived in the 50s or 80s vs
               | today, now that we've driven up income inequality by
               | dramatically lowering top-end tax rates and reduced
               | barriers to rich people buying up more and more real
               | property.
               | 
               | What we got is actually: you can't buy the same house as
               | before. You can buy an iPhone that didn't exist then, but
               | your boss can use it to request you do more work after-
               | hours whenever they want. You have less money remaining.
               | You have less free time remaining.
        
               | simianwords wrote:
               | Do you have source for your claim? I have source that
               | supports what I have said - look at disposable income
               | data from BLS
        
               | majormajor wrote:
               | I wouldn't be able to hang out with them as much (they'd
               | go do a lot of higher-cost things that I couldn't afford
               | anymore).
               | 
               | I'd have a shittier apartment (they'd drive up the price
               | of the nicer ones, if we're talking about a significant
               | sized group; if it's truly just immediate friends, then
               | instead it's just "they'd all move further away to a
               | nicer area").
               | 
               | So I'd have some more toys but would have a big loss in
               | quality of my social life. Pass.
               | 
               | (If you promised me that those cracks wouldn't happen,
               | sure, it would be great for them. But in practice, having
               | seen this before, it's not really realistic to hold the
               | social fabric together when economic inequality increases
               | rapidly and dramatically.)
        
               | simianwords wrote:
               | No you would have the same house or better. That's part
               | of the condition.
        
               | jancsika wrote:
               | More to the point, what does research into notions of
               | fairness among primates tell us about the risks of a vast
               | number of participants deciding to take this deal?
               | 
               | You have to tell us the answer so we can resolve your
               | nickname "simianwords" with regard to Poe's Law.
        
               | simianwords wrote:
               | haha perhaps we are better than primates.
        
               | WarOnPrivacy wrote:
               | > If you were given 10,000 dollars but your friends were
               | also 100,000 dollars as well, would you take the deal?
               | 
               | This boldly assumes the 10k actually reaches me.
               | Meanwhile 100k payouts endlessly land as expected.
               | 
               | usa sources: me+kids+decade of hunger level poverty. no
               | medical coverage for decades. homeless retirement still
               | on the table.
        
               | lordnacho wrote:
               | I don't know how nobody has mentioned this before:
               | 
               | The guy with 100k will end up rewriting the rules so that
               | in the next round, he gets 105k and you get 5k.
               | 
               | And people like you will say "well, I'm still better off"
               | 
               | In future rounds, you will try to say "oh, I can't lose
               | 5k for you to get 115k" and when you try to vote, you
               | won't be able to vote, because the guy who has been
               | making 23x what you make has spent his money on making
               | sure it's rigged.
        
               | BobbyJo wrote:
               | It can be, but there are lots of reasons to believe it
               | will not be. Knowledge work was the ladder between lower
               | and upper classes. If that goes away, it doesn't really
               | matter if electricians make 50% more.
        
               | simianwords wrote:
               | I guess I don't believe knowledge work will completely go
               | away.
        
               | BobbyJo wrote:
               | Its not really a matter of some great shift. Millennials
               | are the most educated generation by a wide margin, yet
               | their wealth by middle age is trailing prior generations.
               | The ladder is being pulled up inch by inch and I don't
               | see AI doing anything other than speeding up that process
               | at the moment.
        
               | thatcat wrote:
               | I don't think that is scalable to infinite iphones since
               | the input materials are finite. If your all your friends
               | get 100,000 iphones and then you need an ev battery and
               | that now costs 20,000 iphones now and you're down 5k
               | iphones if the previous battery cost was 5k iphones. On
               | the other hand if you already had a good battery, then
               | you're up 20k iphones or so in equity. Also, since
               | everyone has so many iphones the net utility drops and
               | they become worth less than the materials so everyone
               | would have to scrap their iphones to liquidate at the
               | cost of the recycled metals.
        
               | majormajor wrote:
               | A century ago people in the US started to tax the rich
               | much more heavily than we do now. They didn't believe
               | that increasing inequality was necessary - or even
               | actually that helpful - for improving their real
               | livelihood.
               | 
               | Don't be shocked if that comes back. (And that was the
               | mild sort of reaction.)
               | 
               | If you have billions and all the power associated with
               | it, why are you shooting for personal trillions instead
               | of _actually_ , _directly_ improving the day to day for
               | everyone else _without even losing your status as an
               | elite_ , just diminishing it by a little bit of marginal
               | utility? Especially if you read history about when people
               | make that same decision?
        
               | doodlebugging wrote:
               | >Both that inequality increases but also prosperity for
               | the lower class? I don't mind that trade off.
               | 
               | This sounds like it is written from the perspective of
               | someone who sees their own prosperity increase
               | dramatically so that they end up on the prosperous side
               | of the worsening inequality gap. The fact that those on
               | the other side of the gap see marginal gains in
               | prosperity makes them feel that it all worked out okay
               | for everyone.
               | 
               | I think this is greed typical of the current players in
               | the AI/tech economy. You all saw others getting abundant
               | wealth by landing high-paying jobs with tech companies
               | and you want to not only to do the same, but to one-up
               | your peers. It's really a shame that so much tech-bro
               | identity revolves around personal wealth with zero
               | accountability for the tools that you are building to set
               | yourselves in control of lives of those you have chosen
               | to either leave behind or to wield as tools for further
               | wealth creation through alternate income SaaS
               | subscription streams or other bullshit scams.
               | 
               | There really is not much difference between tech-bros,
               | prosperity gospel grifters or other religious nuts whose
               | only goal is to be more wealthy today than yesterday.
               | It's created a generation of greedy, selfish narcissists
               | who feel that in order to succeed in their industry, they
               | need to be high-functioning autists so they take the path
               | of self-diagnosis and become, as a group, resistant to
               | peer review since anyone who would challenge their
               | bullshit is doing the same thing and unlikely to want too
               | much light shed on their own shady shit. It is funny to
               | me that many of these tech-bros have no problem admitting
               | their drug experimentation since they need to maintain an
               | aura of enlightenment amongst their peers.
               | 
               | It's gonna be a really shitty world when the dopeheads
               | run everything. As someone who grew up back in the day
               | when smoking dope was something hidden and paranoia was a
               | survival instinct for those who chose that path I can see
               | lots of problems for society in the pipeline.
        
               | int_19h wrote:
               | > If some one were to say to you - you can have 10,000
               | more iPhones to play with but your friends would get
               | 100,000 iPhones, would you reject the deal?
               | 
               | I'd think about how many elections he can buy with those
               | iPhones, for starters.
        
               | throwaw12 wrote:
               | Not when one party owns half of the city real estate and
               | another million people are looking for affordable house.
               | 
               | At the end of the day, couple of owners of those
               | companies each have at least net worth of $2-4B, what do
               | they do that money?
               | 
               | You can say they build more houses, but who benefits from
               | it? Again, themselves?
               | 
               | Isn't this a broken system?
        
             | Anon1096 wrote:
             | Just being born in the US already makes you a top 10% and
             | very likely top 5-1% in terms of global wealth. The top 1%
             | you're harping about is very likely yourself.
        
               | whstl wrote:
               | So what? If that's the case, they clearly mean the
               | 0.0001% or whatever number, which is way worse.
        
               | majormajor wrote:
               | And so many people in the US are already miserable before
               | yet another round of "become more efficient and
               | productive for essentially the same pay or less as
               | before!!"
               | 
               | So maybe income equality + disposable material goods _is
               | not_ a good path towards people being happier and better
               | off.
               | 
               | It's our job to build a system that will work well for
               | ourselves. If there's a point where incentivizing a few
               | to hoard even more resources to themselves _starts to
               | break down_ in terms of overall quality of life, we have
               | a responsibility to each other to change the system.
               | 
               | Look at how many miserable-ass unhappy toxic asshole
               | billionaires there are. We'll be helping their own mental
               | health too.
        
               | fatherwavelet wrote:
               | It is not really obvious to me that happiness should be
               | part of the social contract.
               | 
               | Happiness is very slippery even in your own life. It
               | seems absurd to me that you should care about my
               | happiness.
               | 
               | So much of happiness is the change from the previous
               | state to the present. I am happy right now because 2026
               | has started off great for me while 2025 was a bad year.
               | 
               | I would imagine there was never a happier American
               | society than the year's after WW2.
               | 
               | I imagine some of the most happy human societies were the
               | ones during the years after the black plague. No one
               | though today gains happiness because of the absence of
               | black plague.
               | 
               | To believe a society can be built around happiness seems
               | completely delusional to me.
        
               | accrual wrote:
               | Agree targeting happiness is the wrong approach.
               | Happiness comes and goes. We should raise the baseline,
               | not the ceiling.
        
               | WarOnPrivacy wrote:
               | > Just being born in the US already makes you a top 10%
               | 
               | Our family learned how long-term hunger (via poverty) is
               | worse in the US because there was no social support
               | network we could tap into (for resource sharing).
               | 
               | Families not in crisis don't need a network. Families in
               | crisis have insufficient resources to launch one. They
               | are widely scattered and their days are consumed with
               | trying to scrape up rent (then transpo, then utilities,
               | then food - in that order).
        
             | Archelaos wrote:
             | This problem is not specific to AI, but a matter of social
             | policy.
             | 
             | For example here in Germany, the Gini index, an indicator
             | of equality/inequality has been oszillating about 29.75
             | +/-1.45 since 2011.[1] In other words, the wealth
             | distribution was more or less stable in the last 15 years,
             | and is less extrem than in the USA, where it was 41.8 in
             | 2023.[2]
             | 
             | [1] https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/1184266/
             | 
             | [2] https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/SIPOVGINIUSA
        
           | catlifeonmars wrote:
           | It's implied you mean that the ROI will be positive. Spending
           | 1-2% of global GDP with negative ROI could be disastrous.
           | 
           | I think this is where most of the disagreement is. We don't
           | all agree on the expected ROI of that investment, especially
           | when taking into account the opportunity cost.
        
           | mitthrowaway2 wrote:
           | 2% is a lot! There's only fifty things you can invest 2% of
           | GDP in before you occupy the entire economy. But the list of
           | services people need, from food, water, shelter, heating,
           | transportation, education, healthcare, communications,
           | entertainment, mining, materials, construction, research,
           | maintenance, legal services... there's a lot of things on
           | that list. To allocate each one 1% or 2% of the economy may
           | seem small, but pretty quickly you hit 100%.
        
             | Archelaos wrote:
             | Most of you have mentioned is not investment, but
             | consumption. Investments means to use money to make more
             | money in the future. Global investment rates are around 25
             | % of global GDP. Avarage return on investement ist about
             | 10% per year. In other words: using 1% or 2% of GDP if its
             | leads to an improvement in GDP of more than 0.1% or 0.2%
             | next year would count as a success. I think to expect a
             | productivity gain on this scale due to AI is not
             | unrealistic for 2026.
        
               | simoncion wrote:
               | > Most of you have mentioned is not investment, but
               | consumption.
               | 
               | It's _ongoing_ investment in the infrastructure of civil
               | society. These sorts of investments usually give you
               | _indirect_ returns... which is why it 's usually only
               | done by governments.
        
             | tim333 wrote:
             | AI is a big deal though.
        
               | Lionga wrote:
               | Is it? I am using AI daily, but would rank it dead last
               | compared to food, water, shelter, heating,
               | transportation, education, healthcare, communications
        
         | hackable_sand wrote:
         | Your comment doesn't say anything
        
         | thefz wrote:
         | > If AI is here to stay, as a thing that permanently increases
         | productivity,
         | 
         | Thing is, I am still waiting to see where it increases
         | productivity aside from some extremely small niches like speech
         | to text and summarizing some small text very fast.
        
           | sigseg1v wrote:
           | Serious question, but have you not used it to implement
           | anything at your job? Admittedly I was very skeptical but
           | last sprint in 2 days I got 12 pull requests up for review by
           | running 8 agents on my computer in parallel and about 10 more
           | on cloud VMs. The PRs are all double reviewed and QA'd and
           | merged. The ones that don't have PRs are larger refactors,
           | one 40K loc and the other 30k loc and I just need actual time
           | to go through every line myself and self-test appropriately,
           | otherwise it would have been more stuff finished. These are
           | all items tied to money in our backlog. It would have taken
           | me about 5 times as long to close those items out without
           | this tooling. I also would have not had as much time to
           | produce and verify as many unit tests as I did. Is this not
           | increased productivity?
        
             | thefz wrote:
             | So you roll a dice and call yourself a software engineer,
             | basically.
        
           | throwaw12 wrote:
           | Are you doctor or a farmer?
           | 
           | If you are a software engineer you are missing out a lot,
           | literally a lot!
        
             | bopbopbop7 wrote:
             | What is he missing? Do you have anything quantitative other
             | than an AI marketing blog or an anecdote?
        
               | throwaw12 wrote:
               | Claude Code, Codex, Antigravity?
               | 
               | My experience is different than others, but what I am
               | seeing, people around me, building software with 99% AI
               | written code.
               | 
               | They do review it, but the code, exploration primarily
               | done by AI and debugging is done together (e.g. XYZ is
               | not compiling what do I do,...)
        
           | cheema33 wrote:
           | > I am still waiting to see where it increases
           | productivity...
           | 
           | If you are a software engineer, and you are not using using
           | AI to help with software development, then you are missing
           | out. Like many other technologies, using AI agents for
           | software dev work takes time to learn and master. You are not
           | likely to get good results if you try it half-heartedly as a
           | skeptic.
           | 
           | And no, nobody can teach you these skills in a comment in an
           | online forum. This requires trial and error on your part. If
           | well known devs like Linus Torvalds are saying there is value
           | here, and you are not seeing it, then then the issue is not
           | with the tool.
        
             | thefz wrote:
             | These are definitely skills I don't want to have, don't
             | worry.
        
         | TheDong wrote:
         | There's one additional question we could have here, which is
         | "is AI here to stay and is it net-positive, or does it have
         | significant negative externalities"
         | 
         | > What we really want to ask ourselves is whether our economy
         | is set up to mostly get things right, or it is wastefully
         | searching.
         | 
         | We've so far found two ways in recent memory that our economy
         | massively fails when it comes to externalities.
         | 
         | Global Warming continues to get worse, and we cannot globally
         | coordinate to stop it when the markets keep saying "no, produce
         | more oil, make more CO2, it makes _our_ stock go up until the
         | planet eventually dies, but our current stock value is more
         | important than the nebulous entire planet's CO2".
         | 
         | Ads and addiction to gambling games, tiktok, etc also are a
         | negative externality where the company doing the advertising or
         | making the gambling game gains profit, but at the expense of
         | effectively robbing money from those with worse impulse control
         | and gambling problems.
         | 
         | Even if the market votes that AI will successfully extract
         | enough money to be "here to stay", I think that doesn't
         | necessarily mean the market is getting things right nor that it
         | necessarily increases productivity.
         | 
         | Gambling doesn't increase productivity, but the market around
         | kalshi and sports betting sure indicates it's on the rise
         | lately.
        
         | mschuster91 wrote:
         | > People will take courses in those things and try to get a
         | piece of the winnings.
         | 
         | The problem is boom-bust cycles. Electricians will always be in
         | demand but it takes about 3 years to properly train even a
         | "normal" residential electrician - add easily 2-3 years on top
         | to work on the really nasty stuff aka 50 kV and above.
         | 
         | No matter what, the growth of AI is too rapid and cannot be
         | sustained. Even if the supposed benefits of AI all come true -
         | the level of growth cannot be upheld because everything else
         | suffers.
        
           | marcosdumay wrote:
           | > it takes about 3 years to properly train even a "normal"
           | residential electrician
           | 
           | To pass ordinary wire with predefined dimensions in exposed
           | conduits? No way it takes more than a few weeks.
        
             | mschuster91 wrote:
             | I'm talking about proper German training, not the kind of
             | shit that leads to what Cy Porter (the home inspector
             | legend) exposes on Youtube.
             | 
             | Shoddy wiring can hold up for a looong time in homes
             | because outside of electrical car chargers and baking ovens
             | nothing consumes high current over long time and as long as
             | no device develops a ground fault, even a lack of a GFCI
             | isn't noticeable. But a data center? Even smaller ones
             | routinely rack up megawatts of power here, large
             | hyperscaler deployments hundreds of megawatts. Sustained,
             | not peak. That is putting _a lot_ of stress on everything
             | involved: air conditioning, power, communications.
             | 
             | And for that to hold up, your neighbor Joe who does all
             | kinds of trades as long as he's getting paid in cash won't
             | cut it.
        
             | chasd00 wrote:
             | It's protected by requiring many hours (years) of
             | apprenticeship. These kinds of heavily unionized jobs only
             | reward seniority. Gotta pay your dues buddy!
        
         | HardCodedBias wrote:
         | "The real question is whether the boom is, economically, a
         | mistake."
         | 
         | The answer to this is two part:
         | 
         | 1. Have we seen an increase in capability over the last couple
         | of years? The answer here is clearly yes.
         | 
         | 2. Do we think that this increase will continue? This is
         | unknown. It seems so, but we don't know and these firms are
         | clearly betting that it will.
         | 
         | 1a. Do we think that with existing capability that there is
         | tremendous latent demand? If so the buildout is still rational
         | if progress stops.
        
         | majormajor wrote:
         | AI could be here to stay _and_ "chase a career as an
         | electrician helping build datacenters" could _also_ be a
         | mistake. The construction level could plateau or decline
         | without a bubble popping.
         | 
         | That's why it can't just be a market signal "go become an
         | electrician" when the feedback loop is so slow. It's a
         | social/governmental issue. If you make careers require
         | expensive up-front investment largely shouldered by the
         | individuals, you not only will be slow to react but you'll also
         | end up with scores of people who "correctly" followed the
         | signals right up until the signals went away.
        
           | throwaway0123_5 wrote:
           | > you'll also end up with scores of people who "correctly"
           | followed the signals right up until the signals went away.
           | 
           | I think this is where we're headed, very quickly, and I'm
           | worried about it from a social stability perspective (as well
           | as personal financial security of course). There's probably
           | not a single white-collar job that I'd feel comfortable
           | spending 4+ years training for right now (even assuming I
           | don't have to pay or take out debt for the training). Many
           | people are having skills they spent years building made
           | worthless overnight, without an obvious or realistic pivot
           | available.
           | 
           | Lots and lots of people who did or will do "all the right
           | things," with no benefit earned from it. Even if
           | hypothetically there is something new you can reskill into
           | every five years, how is that sustainable? If you're young
           | and without children, maybe it is possible. Certainly doesn't
           | sound fun, and I say this as someone who joined tech in part
           | because of how fast-paced it was.
        
             | zozbot234 wrote:
             | > Many people are having skills they spent years building
             | made worthless overnight, without an obvious or realistic
             | pivot available.
             | 
             | I'd like to see real examples of this, beyond trivial ones
             | like low-quality copywriting (i.e. the "slop" before there
             | was slop) that just turns into copyediting. Current AI's
             | are a huge force multiplier for most white-collar skills,
             | including software development.
        
         | dfedbeef wrote:
         | If
        
       | singingwolfboy wrote:
       | https://archive.ph/J8pg5
        
         | mrjay42 wrote:
         | This does not work for me.
         | 
         | It's a loop of captcha which never ends
        
           | esseph wrote:
           | You have some extension issues going on, maybe. Seems to work
           | fine in FF and chrome.
        
           | b00ty4breakfast wrote:
           | I was having this problem earlier with different URLs I was
           | searching for but the link above actually worked for me.
        
           | bookofjoe wrote:
           | Try this: https://wapo.st/4qqatnA
        
           | quinncom wrote:
           | When this happens to me, it's either because I'm connected to
           | a VPN, or I'm using Cloudflare's public DNS server.
        
           | diogenes_atx wrote:
           | This may be a DNS issue. I had the same problem with NextDNS.
           | After switching my DNS servers to Cloud Flare DNS (1.1.1.1,
           | 1.0.0.1), it works fine.
        
             | LoganDark wrote:
             | It's always DNS!
        
             | Zanfa wrote:
             | It's not. They've blocked some countries entirely.
        
               | stevekemp wrote:
               | Yeah here in Finland the archive site seems to come and
               | go on a monthly basis.
        
             | Thorrez wrote:
             | Switching to Cloudflare DNS solves archive.today problems?
             | That's strange. archive.today is known for having problems
             | with Cloudflare DNS[1]. Switching to Google DNS should
             | solve it. (This isn't because of a bug in Cloudflare DNS,
             | but rather that archive.today dislikes that Cloudflare DNS
             | doesn't support EDNS.)
             | 
             | Disclosure: I work at Google, but not on the DNS team.
             | 
             | [1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=39925822
        
           | YeGoblynQueenne wrote:
           | I bet all the downvoting helped with that.
        
           | tempodox wrote:
           | Anecdata: When it happens to me, disabling the VPN helps.
        
           | EasyMark wrote:
           | are you using a VPN? that happens often to me. might be a
           | combo of that and ublock origin. I'm guessing archive gets a
           | ton of attacks from VPN so they probably just have rules to
           | captcha any VPN address. I have a local proxy on rpi setup
           | and then a container in firefox that lets me use that to
           | quickly swap to a proxy that uses my real IP. very handy for
           | shit like this.
        
           | polski-g wrote:
           | Yeah never use Cloudflare DNS. They refuse to fix this issue.
           | Use quad9 or Google DNS.
        
           | nostrademons wrote:
           | Archive blocks VPNs. If you're on one, that could be why.
           | 
           | I've also found that archive.ph is significantly less
           | accessible than archive.is despite hosting the same content.
           | Pausing my VPN for a few minutes and then changing the .ph to
           | .is fixed a similar captcha loop for me, though I still did
           | need to solve a captcha for it.
        
       | bm3719 wrote:
       | This is the trade-off to connectivity and removing frictional
       | barriers (i.e., globalism). This is the economic equivalent of
       | what Nick Land and Spandrell called the "IQ shredder". Spandrell
       | said of Singapore:                 Singapore is an IQ shredder.
       | It is an economically productive metropolis that       sucks in
       | bright and productive minds with opportunities and amusements at
       | the       cost of having a demographically unsustainable family
       | unit.
       | 
       | Basically, if you're a productive person, you want to maximize
       | your return. So, you go where the action is. So does every other
       | smart person. Often that place is a tech hub, which is now
       | overflowing with smart guys. Those smart guys build adware (or
       | whatever) and fail to reproduce (combined, these forces "shred"
       | the IQ). Meanwhile every small town is brain-drained. You
       | hometown's mayor is 105 IQ because he's the smartest guy in town.
       | Things don't work that great, and there's a general stagnation to
       | the place.
       | 
       | Right now, AI is a "capital shredder". In the past, there were
       | barriers everywhere, and we've worked hard to tear those down. It
       | used to be that the further the distance (physically, but also in
       | other senses too, like currencies, language, culture, etc.), the
       | greater the friction to capital flows. The local rich guy would
       | start a business in his town. Now he sends it to one of the
       | latest global capital attractors, which have optimized for
       | capital inflow. This mechanism works whether the attractor can
       | efficiently use that capital or not. That resource inflow might
       | be so lucrative, that managing inflow is the main thing it does.
       | Right now that's AI, but as long as present structure continues,
       | this is how the machine of the global economy will work.
        
         | dyauspitr wrote:
         | What's the alternative. Keep the smart physically separated,
         | can never collaborate to make anything paradigm shifting and we
         | just prod along with small town paper mills and marginally
         | better local government?
        
           | WillAdams wrote:
           | California had a great mechanism for this in their land grant
           | colleges, which back before the protests of the Vietnam War
           | were required to offer the valedictorian of nearby high
           | schools (or the person with the highest GPA who accepted)
           | full tuition and room and board --- then Governor Ronald
           | Reagan shut down this program when the students had the
           | temerity to protest the Vietnam War --- it was also grade
           | inflation to keep students above the threshold necessary for
           | a draft deferment which began the downward spiral of American
           | education.
        
           | HPsquared wrote:
           | A little less min-maxing, perhaps.
        
           | bm3719 wrote:
           | Within the Landian system, I suspect he'd say the answer is
           | economic "territorialization", the economic equivalent to the
           | mechanism originally defined by Deleuze+Guattari in _A
           | Thousand Plateaus_ based on the territoriality of earlier
           | work.
           | 
           | It's the process where social, political, or cultural meaning
           | is rooted in some context. It's a state of stability and
           | boundaries. For just the economic, the geographic would
           | likely be the centroid of that, but the other vectors are not
           | irrelevant.
           | 
           | One could argue that we suffer to the degree we are
           | deterritorialized, because the effects thereof are
           | alienating. So, we need structure that aligns both our
           | economic and psychological needs. What we have is
           | subordination to the machine, which will do what it's
           | designed to: optimize for its own desire, which is machinic
           | production.
           | 
           | Note that none of this is inherently good/bad. Like anything,
           | a choice has trade-offs. We definitely get more production
           | within the current structure. The cost is born by the
           | individual, aggregating into the social ills that are now
           | endemic.
        
             | gom_jabbar wrote:
             | Land himself has suggested a very anti-human solution to
             | the problem of "IQ shredders":
             | 
             | "The most hard-core capitalist response to this [IQ
             | shredders] is to double-down on the antihumanist
             | accelerationism. _This genetic burn-rate is obviously
             | unsustainable, so we need to convert the human species into
             | auto-intelligenic robotized capital [a]s fast as possible,
             | before the whole process goes down in flames._ " [0]
             | 
             | [0] Nick Land (2014). _IQ Shredders_ in Xenosystems Blog.
             | Retrieved from github.com /cyborg-nomade/reignition
        
               | bm3719 wrote:
               | Thanks, been awhile since I read it.
               | 
               | I think the only solution is territorialization if you
               | want to preserve the human. If you don't care about that
               | (or think that it's not possible anyway), then yes,
               | accelerate.
        
               | AndrewKemendo wrote:
               | Glad there's other fellow travelers here
        
             | dyauspitr wrote:
             | We've had 50 years of genetic engineering and it's about
             | time we started using it. I wish someone with more central
             | authority like China starts doing experiments of
             | genetically altering humans to start making super humans.
             | We have the technology, it's only ethics holding us back.
             | So what if a few thousand people (preferably volunteers)
             | die in experiments, we should just make sure they're
             | condemned (like death row or terminally ill) and carry on.
        
           | raincole wrote:
           | Yeah, more separated would be ideal. Local government (and
           | churches or other organizations) should have strong
           | incentives to keep talents in their hometowns, or at least
           | their home countries. Imagine how much stronger
           | technologically the EU would be now if their skilled workers
           | didn't get brain-drained to the US for decades.
        
         | malfist wrote:
         | This is hogwash. It's incel and eugenic reasoning wrapped up
         | all together.
         | 
         | Not every smart person (or even most) are engineers, and of the
         | ones that are they don't all move to tech hubs, and the ones
         | that do not all of them can't get laid.
         | 
         | And I'll give you a great reason why it's hogwash, the
         | "brilliant" engineers that can't get laid in Singapore are the
         | same "brilliant" engineers that can't get laid in their home
         | town
        
           | Forgeties79 wrote:
           | It's the same nonsense as people going "Idiocracy is a
           | documentary." Of course none of them think they're the
           | idiots.
        
             | NegativeK wrote:
             | I was going to comment the same. Complaining about how
             | there are too many dumb people is a trollish red flag I've
             | learned to disengage from.
             | 
             | Also, stop blaming your damn users.
        
           | 9dev wrote:
           | ...not to mention they are completely ignoring the existence
           | of smart _girls_ as well
        
             | raincole wrote:
             | Higher education is strongly associated to lower fertility
             | rates. Especially for women, but for men too. So no the
             | argument doesn't ignore the existence of smart women. Smart
             | women (and men) just far less likely to reproduce,
             | statistically speaking.
        
               | 9dev wrote:
               | > [...] overflowing with smart guys. [...] smart guys
               | build [...] he's the smartest guy [...] local rich guy
               | would start a business [...]
               | 
               | It's pretty clear this entire crude theory is based on a
               | thinking system that has little place for women in active
               | positions.
               | 
               | And if your immediate reaction to that is annoyance
               | because it seems like an insignificant detail, maybe
               | reflect on that for a moment.
        
               | newsclues wrote:
               | Are you upset about biology or the logic that follows the
               | reality of human biology?
        
               | 9dev wrote:
               | What now, human biology dictates men lead and women bear
               | children? I'm upset some people carry that pathetic incel
               | narrative over to HN.
        
               | newsclues wrote:
               | I'm going to ignore the stupidity and point out the
               | problem of time.
               | 
               | If you spend your time educating yourself and working,
               | you don't have time to reproduce and raise children. Thus
               | declining birth rates
               | 
               | Reality isn't an incentive narrative. Go research
               | declining birth rates and female education attainment and
               | you will find charts that make it clear
        
               | 9dev wrote:
               | If your answer to that problem is less women should
               | attain higher education and take care of raising children
               | instead, we just fundamentally disagree. Women have an
               | equal right to education and working as men do.
               | 
               | The charts you refer to show an environment where the
               | responsibility for care work is heavily skewed to the
               | detriment of women. If men took up a bigger part of
               | raising children, it would be easier for couples to do
               | that. But the vast majority of men don't.
        
           | bm3719 wrote:
           | We can blame the individual for the cost we've outsourced
           | into him. When he collapses under that load, we can attribute
           | it to personal shortcomings. Some people survive, even
           | thrive, in the current environment, after all. We've
           | coalesced a plurality of games into a single one, and in a
           | sense, it works great. We have our smartphones, AI, online
           | shopping, and targeted advertising.
           | 
           | Notepad now has Copilot built right into it, after all. That
           | wasn't going to happen by now if we took the human psyche as
           | a given and built around that.
        
           | g8oz wrote:
           | >>It's incel and eugenic reasoning wrapped up all together.
           | 
           | More like French post-structuralism.
        
           | dauertewigkeit wrote:
           | I agree with you that STEM don't hold a monopoly on
           | intelligence.
           | 
           | > engineers that can't get laid in Singapore are the same
           | "brilliant" engineers that can't get laid in their home town
           | 
           | Maybe so, but not for the same reasons. Back in their home
           | town, they cannot vibe with anyone because the few who might
           | be compatible have long since left. In a STEM hotspot, they
           | go to an event and meet compatible people, but it's 11 guys
           | for every 3 girls, so unless they are top dog in that room,
           | they aren't going to score.
        
             | malfist wrote:
             | And yet, the population of Singapore isn't 79% male.
        
               | dauertewigkeit wrote:
               | IDK the dating scene in Singapore. I frankly didn't even
               | know that Singapore was considered a tech hub. I was
               | using it as a synonym for a tech hub because that is what
               | I assumed the author was doing.
        
           | internet_points wrote:
           | > can't get laid
           | 
           | huh, I thought it was talking about how expensive extra
           | bedrooms are in big cities so people _choose_ not to have (as
           | many) kids there
        
         | wodenokoto wrote:
         | What amazes me about this theory is that being the 115 IQ guy
         | in a town where the next guy is 105 isn't better than being the
         | 115 IQ guy in and office averaging 120.
         | 
         | Or put more plainly, being a big fish in a small pond is not
         | better than being a small fish.
        
           | moomoo11 wrote:
           | Why not just not compare to others because it's easy to game
           | anything?
           | 
           | Just look for patterns and then act out of self interest.
           | Nobody is coming to save you.
           | 
           | I'm no high IQ person but if I can figure out how to get a
           | STEM job without STEM degree, make money by getting lucky at
           | a unicorn, invest and sell for profit and invest again (only
           | losers HODL so others can take profits), then there's really
           | no excuse why someone else can't.
           | 
           | And I'm originally from a country that has like 70 IQ
           | nationally or so it is said. So I'm not a genius, maybe the
           | only quality I have that makes me different is I don't know
           | how to quit until I meet my goal.
           | 
           | More people should stop crying and be a man. Our ancestors
           | literally survived against nature and each other so we could
           | post here on HN. I don't mean being able to lift 500lbs like
           | a caveman either.
           | 
           | Exercise your brain, it gets stronger too because I have a
           | hard time understanding concepts sometimes, but taking steps
           | to break it down and digest it in pieces helps me. Takes a
           | bit longer but hopefully you have tomorrow.
        
             | Synthetic7346 wrote:
             | I can't tell if this is satire
        
               | nubg wrote:
               | MENA slop
        
               | moomoo11 wrote:
               | Whatever you need to tell yourself to cope!
               | 
               | I tried to help, but maybe I should have given you two a
               | tissue box instead.
        
         | simianwords wrote:
         | Apologies but either I don't understand your post or it is
         | nonsensical.
         | 
         | What relevance does AI have to being an IQ shredder if the
         | talent has gone into (productively) developing capable AI?
         | 
         | If anything, AI completely disproves your notion of IQ shredder
         | because this is an instance of lack of barriers actually
         | hastening progress. Look at all the AI talent. Very few are
         | American or ethnic Americans.
        
           | bm3719 wrote:
           | AI is an attractor. In general, attractors absent barriers
           | have the potential to act as a resource shredder in the
           | context of an ecosystem where stability was predicated on
           | said barriers being present.
           | 
           | I called AI a "capital shredder" because I'm asserting that
           | it is one (of many) by comparison to a more even distribution
           | of capital investment. The non-attractor small town where the
           | capital that would have gone into a self-reinforcing progress
           | cycle has it redirected into an external context. If you
           | don't care about that and just want more AI, then no worries,
           | because that's what we're optimizing for.
           | 
           | I was trying to limit my point to something clear with linear
           | reasoning, but AI is indeed also an IQ shredder in both the
           | immediate and transitive sense. For the former, it's an
           | aggregator of talent. From the perspective of the small town
           | (both domestic and foreign), its best human resources have
           | been extracted.
           | 
           | Relation with production is irrelevant for the purposes of
           | being a shredder, but this system does generally serve for
           | increased production of a sort. That's why we ended up with
           | it. The small town doesn't get its factories, local
           | governance doesn't get good programmers, etc. Those resources
           | are being redirected into getting us to wherever AI is going
           | to go because that's what the global economic machine desires
           | right now. Likewise in the past for NFTs, crypto, cloud, etc.
           | 
           | To personalize this: I was drawn to an attractor and rode one
           | of those waves myself, and, at least economically, it worked
           | out great for me as it probably has for others here. However,
           | this system isn't a free lunch.
        
             | simianwords wrote:
             | It looks like it's working as expected then? This is what I
             | would have done with AI if I had complete authority to
             | decide where money flows and what people should do.
             | 
             | What's the alternative
        
           | hunterpayne wrote:
           | > Very few are American or ethnic Americans
           | 
           | Maybe you should look into why that is. Or specifically look
           | at the scores and grades of students applying to grad school
           | in the US vs who is admitted (this isn't a recent thing
           | either) by country. If anything, we are probably behind where
           | we should be because we don't admit the best into the best
           | schools. We admit those that don't need grants (usually
           | because their government pays instead).
        
         | sjjsjdk wrote:
         | this is genius
        
         | oblio wrote:
         | > Singapore is an IQ shredder.
         | 
         | Heh, I've just realized about 2 years ago that it's worse.
         | 
         | Cities are people shredders. Based on the information I've
         | found, cities have lower fertility rates than rural areas and
         | this has been the case ever since they were created.
         | 
         | I absolutely love cities, but with ever increasing urbanization
         | and unless we make HUGE changes to facilitate people easily
         | having kids in cities (and I'm talking HUGE, stuff like having
         | stay at home parents for the first 6-7 years of their
         | childhood, free access to communal areas that offer all the
         | services required to take care of kids of any age, free
         | education, etc), humanity will probably not be able to sustain
         | a population of more than say, 1 billion people. Probably much
         | fewer.
         | 
         | Which I guess, could work, but we will be in totally uncharted
         | territory.
         | 
         | And then AI comes in and things become... very interesting.
         | 
         | https://asimov.fandom.com/wiki/Solaria
        
       | bix6 wrote:
       | RIP Washington Post.
        
       | dev1ycan wrote:
       | I don't think these companies buying realize how much animosity
       | they're creating with literally everyone until it explodes on
       | their face.
        
         | deadbabe wrote:
         | These companies play a long game. Eventually generations of
         | people just grow up with this being the new normal, no reason
         | to be angry.
         | 
         | The people who are angry are the ones who had their cheese
         | moved.
        
       | stego-tech wrote:
       | This is another facet of the fierce opposition to AI by a swath
       | of the population: it's quite literally destroying the last bit
       | of enjoyment we could wring from existence in the form of hobbies
       | funded through normal employment.
       | 
       | Think of the PC gamers, who first dealt with COVID supply shocks,
       | followed by crypto making GPUs scarce and untenable, then GPU
       | makers raising prices and narrowing inventory to only the
       | highest-end SKUs, only to outright abandon them entirely for AI -
       | which then also consumed their RAM and SSDs. A hobby that used to
       | be enjoyed by folks on even a modest budget is now a theft risk
       | given the insane resale priced of parts on the second-hand market
       | due to scarcity.
       | 
       | And that extends to others as well. The swaths of folks who made
       | freelance or commission artistry work through Patreons and
       | conventions and the like are suddenly struggling as customers and
       | companies spew out AI slop using their work and without
       | compensation. Tech workers, previously the wealthy patron of
       | artisans and communities, are now being laid off en masse for AI
       | CapEx buildouts and share pumps as investors get cold feet about
       | what these systems are actually doing to the economy at large
       | (definite bad, questionable good, uncertain futures).
       | 
       | Late stage capitalism's sole respite was consumerism, and we
       | can't even do that anymore thanks to AI gobbling up all the
       | resources and capital. It's no wonder people are pissed at AI
       | boosters trying to say this is a miracle technology that'll lift
       | everyone up: it's already kicking people down, and nobody
       | actually wants to admit or address that lest their investments be
       | disrupted to protect humans.
        
         | 9dev wrote:
         | I think this started a lot earlier actually. A few generations
         | back, many people played an instrument, or at least could sing.
         | It didn't matter that none of them was a Mozart, because they
         | didn't had to be. For making music or singing together in a
         | family or a friend group, it was wholly sufficient to be just
         | good, not necessarily great.
         | 
         | But when everyone has access to recordings of the world's best
         | musicians at all times, why listen to uncle Harry's shoddy
         | guitar play? Why sing Christmas songs together when you can put
         | on the Sinatra Christmas jazz playlist on Spotify?
        
           | stego-tech wrote:
           | That's definitely part of it as well, this sort of general
           | distillation into a smaller and smaller pool of content or
           | objects or goods that cost ever more money.
           | 
           | Like how most of the royalties Spotify pays out are for older
           | catalogue stuff from "classic" artists, rather than new
           | bands. Or how historical libraries of movies and films are
           | constantly either up for grabs (for prestige) or being pushed
           | off platforms due to their older/more costly royalty
           | agreements.
           | 
           | With AI though, it's the actual, tangible consumption of
           | physical goods being threatened, which many companies
           | involved in AI may argue is exactly the point: that everyone
           | should be renters rather than consumers, and by making
           | ownership expensive through cost and scarcity alike, you
           | naturally drive more folks towards subscriptions for what
           | used to be commodities (music, movies, games, compute,
           | vehicles, creativity tools, TCGs, you name it).
           | 
           | It's damn depressing.
        
           | ThrowawayR2 wrote:
           | " _Comparison is the thief of joy_ " as they say. Some dude
           | has the world's highest score in Pac-Man in the Guinness Book
           | Of World Records. It doesn't mean that I can't play Pac-Man
           | to beat my own personal high score and enjoy the process
           | because the game is fun in it's own right.
        
             | 9dev wrote:
             | That's sure true in theory, but given the prevalence of
             | status symbols, many people thrive on comparing themselves
             | to others. I'd argue society was better off when the only
             | people you could reasonably compare yourself to were the
             | three neighbours down the street (out of which only one
             | would be into Pac-Man), not the world's ten thousand best
             | players showing off only their best streaks on your
             | Instagram feed all day.
        
           | KellyCriterion wrote:
           | THIS! Instrument-playing capability of a social environment:
           | By today, I know only of one person playing a piano regularly
           | in his club, he is the only one I know. When I was young, you
           | had some basic instrument introduction in music classes at
           | school - I do not know if these still exist today.
           | 
           | Regarding singing - I do not know a single perso who can
           | "somehow" sing at least a little bit.
           | 
           | The society is loosing these capacities.
        
           | wiether wrote:
           | > why listen to uncle Harry's shoddy guitar play?
           | 
           | Uncle Harry is not playing guitar:
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VXzz8o1m5bM
        
         | WillPostForFood wrote:
         | _Think of the PC gamers_
         | 
         | The battlecry of the new revolution?
        
           | stego-tech wrote:
           | I mean, what was once an accessible hobby that taught folks
           | how computers worked to a degree is now an RGB-lit target for
           | thieves who know they can flip that memory and GPU for a
           | grand or so pretty easily.
           | 
           | That's a pretty big turnabout that could get some more folks
           | thinking about and discussing the impacts of AI on non-AI
           | systems or markets.
        
         | simianwords wrote:
         | Apologies for being glib but I never thought I'd see a sincere
         | "think of the gamers" comment.
         | 
         | Your whole post is a bit vague and naive. If people enjoyed
         | real art more than AI art, then the market will decide it. If
         | they don't then we should not be making people enjoy what they
         | don't.
        
           | vaylian wrote:
           | The market might not be able to tell the difference. It takes
           | effort to count fingers and toes in art. Part of the problem
           | is also: So many companies are doing it now, that it doesn't
           | seem effective to call people/companies out for the use of AI
           | slop.
           | 
           | A big part of the problem is also: AI art is usually not
           | labelled as such. The market can not make an informed
           | decision.
        
             | simianwords wrote:
             | If people can't tell the difference, perhaps it doesn't
             | matter
        
               | socialcommenter wrote:
               | We're discussing an article about the human externalities
               | of AI progress. It absolutely matters in this context.
        
           | stego-tech wrote:
           | The free market is not some universal force of balance. It is
           | a system of systems that is routinely influenced, disrupted,
           | damaged, manipulated, and controlled overwhelmingly by a
           | small cadre of wealth and asset-owners with disproportionate
           | influence after a century of government policies against
           | market intervention or regulation.
           | 
           | C'mon, be better than some "lol free market" quip.
        
         | dehrmann wrote:
         | > PC gamers
         | 
         | There's a pretty deep back catalog of PC games that will run on
         | integrated GPUs.
         | 
         | > The swaths of folks who made freelance or commission
         | artistry...
         | 
         | Those are people turning their hobby into a side hustle. If
         | it's a hustle they depend on, this sucks. If it's actually a
         | hobby, meh. You're drawing for you. Who cares if AI can also do
         | it.
        
           | stego-tech wrote:
           | The fact you're nitpicking specific details instead of
           | actually absorbing and discussing the core argument (that AI
           | is having negative impacts on multiple systems, sectors, and
           | markets beyond narrow verticals like programming, and that
           | this is something worth acknowledging and discussing) really
           | reveals that you're not here to discuss things seriously and
           | are just looking to feel right about your personal positions.
           | 
           | Be better.
        
         | zozbot234 wrote:
         | This is all temporary scarcity. GPUs becoming scarce and
         | expensive today is exactly what we want to make future GPUs
         | (and other electronics) cheap and abundant tomorrow. This is
         | what happens when any capital intensive industry runs into a
         | capacity ceiling it needs to push through.
        
       | Kon5ole wrote:
       | It's hard to comprehend the scale of these investments. Comparing
       | them to notable industrial projects, it's almost unbelievable.
       | 
       | Every week in 2026 Google will pay for the cost of a Burj
       | Khalifa. Amazon for a Wembley Stadium.
       | 
       | Facebook will spend a France-England tunnel every month.
        
         | bogzz wrote:
         | Haters will say Sora wasn't worth it.
        
           | jsheard wrote:
           | Incredible how quickly that moment passed. Four months on
           | it's barely clinging to the App Store top 100, below killer
           | apps such as _Gossip Harbor(r): Merge & Story._
        
           | mimischi wrote:
           | Ok I'll bite. Was it worth it? What have people missed that
           | haven't used it.
        
           | askl wrote:
           | What is Sora?
        
             | ge96 wrote:
             | If you see a video of a cat running away from a police
             | traffic stop
        
             | cogman10 wrote:
             | One of many AI video generators that are filling up all
             | video social media with rage bate garbage.
        
         | peterlk wrote:
         | I have been having this conversation more and more with
         | friends. As a research topic, modern AI is a miracle, and I
         | absolutely love learning about it. As an economic endeavor, it
         | just feels insane. How many hospitals, roads, houses, machine
         | shops, biomanufacturing facilities, parks, forests,
         | laboratories, etc. could we build with the money we're spending
         | on pretraining models that we throw away next quarter?
        
           | uejfiweun wrote:
           | There is a certain logic to it though. If the scaling
           | approaches DO get us to AGI, that's basically going to change
           | everything, forever. And if you assume this is the case, then
           | "our side" has to get there before our geopolitical
           | adversaries do. Because in the long run the expected "hit"
           | from a hostile nation developing AGI and using it to bully
           | "our side" probably really dwarfs the "hit" we take from not
           | developing the infrastructure you mentioned.
        
             | mylifeandtimes wrote:
             | Here's hoping you are chinese, then.
        
               | thesmtsolver2 wrote:
               | Why?
        
               | uejfiweun wrote:
               | Well, I tried to specifically frame it in a neutral way,
               | to outline the thinking that pretty much all the major
               | nations / companies currently have on this topic.
        
             | A_D_E_P_T wrote:
             | Any serious LLM user will tell you that there's no way to
             | get from LLM to AGI.
             | 
             | These models are vast and, in many ways, clearly
             | superhuman. But they can't venture outside their training
             | data, not even if you hold their hand and guide them.
             | 
             | Try getting Suno to write a song in a new genre. Even if
             | you tell it EXACTLY what you want, and provide it with
             | clear examples, it won't be able to do it.
             | 
             | This is also why there have been zero-to-very-few new
             | scientific discoveries made by LLM.
        
               | uejfiweun wrote:
               | I mean yeah, but that's why there are far more research
               | avenues these days than just pure LLMs, for instance
               | world models. The thinking is that if LLMs can achieve
               | near-human performance in the language domain then we
               | must be very close to achieving human performance in the
               | "general" domain - that's the main thesis of the current
               | AI financial bubble (see articles like AI 2027). And if
               | that is the case, you still want as much compute as
               | possible, both to accelerate research and to achieve
               | greater performance on other architectures that benefit
               | from scaling.
        
               | pixl97 wrote:
               | The other thing here is we know the human brain learns on
               | far less samples than LLMs in their current form. If
               | there is any kind of learning breakthrough then the
               | amount of compute used for learning could explode
               | overnight
        
               | rishabhaiover wrote:
               | How does scaling compute does not go hand-in-hand with
               | energy generation? To me, scaling one and not the other
               | puts a different set of constraints on overall growth.
               | And the energy industry works at a different pace than
               | these hyperscalars scaling compute.
        
               | pixl97 wrote:
               | Can most people venture outside their training data?
        
               | nosianu wrote:
               | Are you seriously comparing chips running AI models and
               | human brains now???
               | 
               | Last time I checked the chips are not rewiring themselves
               | like the brain does, nor does even the software rewrite
               | itself, or the model recalibrate itself - anything that
               | could be called "learning", normal daily work for a human
               | brain.
               | 
               | Also, the models are not models of the world, but of our
               | text communication only.
               | 
               | Human brains start by building a model of the physical
               | world, from age zero. Much later, on top of that
               | foundation, more abstract ideas emerge, including
               | language. Text, even later. And all of it on a deep layer
               | of a physical world model.
               | 
               | The LLM has none of that! It has zero depth behind the
               | words it learned. It's like a human learning some strange
               | symbols and the rules governing their appearance. The
               | human will be able to reproduce valid chains of symbols
               | following the learned rules, but they will never have any
               | understanding of those symbols. In the human case,
               | somebody would have to connect those symbols to their
               | world model by telling them the "meaning" in a way they
               | can already use. For the LLM that is not possible, since
               | it doesn't habe such a model to begin with.
               | 
               | How anyone can even entertain the idea of "AGI" based on
               | uncomprehending symbol manipulation, where every symbol
               | has zero depth of a physical world model, only
               | connections to other symbols, is beyond me TBH.
        
               | throw4847285 wrote:
               | Watch out, you're getting suspiciously close to the
               | Chinese Room argument. And people on here really don't
               | like that argument.
        
               | int_19h wrote:
               | Speaking as someone who thinks the Chinese Room argument
               | is an obvious case of begging the question, GP isn't
               | about that. They're not saying that LLMs don't have world
               | models - they're saying that those world models are not
               | based in physical world and thus cannot properly
               | understand what they talk about.
               | 
               | I don't think that's true anymore, though. All the SOTA
               | models are multimodal now, meaning that they are trained
               | on images and videos as well, not just text; and they do
               | that is precisely because it improves the _text_ output
               | as well, for this exact reason. Already, I don 't have to
               | waste time explaining to Claude or Codex what I want on a
               | webpage - I can just sketch a mock-up, or when there's a
               | bug, I take a screenshot and circle the bits that are
               | wrong. But this extends into the ability to reason about
               | real world, as well.
        
               | nosianu wrote:
               | I would argue that is still just symbols. A physical
               | model requires a lot more. For example, the way babies
               | and toddlers learn is heavy on interaction with objects
               | and the world. We know those who have less of that kind
               | of experience in early childhood will do less well later.
               | We know that many of today's children, kept quiet and
               | sedated with interactive screens, are at a disadvantage.
               | What if you made this even more extreme, a brain without
               | ability to interact with anything, trained entirely
               | passively? Even our much more complex brains have trouble
               | creating a good model in these cases.
               | 
               | You also need more than one simple brain structure
               | simulation repeated a lot. Our brains have many different
               | parts and structures, not just a single type.
               | 
               | However, just like our airplanes do not resemble bird
               | flight as the early dreamers of human flight dreamed of,
               | with flapping wings, I also do not see a need for our
               | technology to fully reproduce the original.
               | 
               | We are better off following our own tech path and seeing
               | where it will lead. It will be something else, and that's
               | fine, because anyone can create a new human brain without
               | education and tools, with just some sex, and let it self-
               | assemble.
               | 
               | Biology is great and all but also pretty limited,
               | extremely path-dependent. Just look at all the materials
               | we already managed to create that nature would never
               | make. Going off the already trodden bio-path should be
               | good, we can create a lot of very different things. Those
               | won't be brains like ours that "Feel" like ours, if that
               | word will ever even apply. and that's fine and good. Our
               | creations should explore entirely new paths. All these
               | comparisons to the human experience make me sad, let's
               | evaluate our products on their own merit.
               | 
               | One important point:
               | 
               | If you truly want a copy, partial or full, in tech, of
               | the human experience, you need to look at the physics.
               | Not at some meta stuff like "text"!!
               | 
               | The physical structure and the electrical signals in the
               | brain. THAT is us. And electrical signals and what they
               | represent in chips are so completely and utterly
               | different from what can be found in the brain, THAT is
               | the much more important argument against silly human
               | "AGI" comparisons. We don't have a CPU and RAM. We have
               | massively parallel waves of electrical signals in a very
               | complex structure.
               | 
               | Humans are hung up on words. We even have fantasy stories
               | hat are all about it. You say some word, magic happens.
               | You know somebody's "true name", you control them.
               | 
               | But the brain works on a much lower deeply physical
               | level. We don't even need language. A human without
               | language and "inner voice" still is a human with the same
               | complex brain, just much worse at communication.
               | 
               | The LLMs are all about the surface layer of that
               | particular human ability though. And again, that is fine,
               | but it has nothing to do with how our brains work. We
               | looked at nature and were inspired, and went and created
               | something else. As always.
        
               | bigstrat2003 wrote:
               | Yes, they can.
        
               | allarm wrote:
               | Ever heard of creativity?
        
               | falloutx wrote:
               | In some ways no, because to learn something you have to
               | LEARN that then thats in the training data. But humans
               | can do it continuously and sometimes randomly, and also
               | being without prompted.
        
               | A_D_E_P_T wrote:
               | If you're a scientist -- and in many cases if you're an
               | engineer, or a philosopher, or even perhaps a theologian
               | -- your job is quite literally to add to humanity's
               | training data.
               | 
               | I'd add that fiction is much more complicated. LLMs can
               | clearly write original fiction, even if they are, as yet,
               | not very good at it. There's an idea (often attributed to
               | John Gardner or Leo Tolstoy) that all stories boil down
               | to one of two scenarios:
               | 
               | > _" A stranger comes to town."_
               | 
               | > _" A person goes on a journey."_
               | 
               | Christopher Booker wrote that there are seven:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Seven_Basic_Plots
               | 
               | So I'd tentatively expect tomorrow's LLMs to write good
               | fiction along those well-trodden paths. I'm less sanguine
               | about their applications in scientific invention and in
               | producing original music.
        
               | icedchai wrote:
               | Most humans aren't making new scientific discoveries
               | either, are they? Does that mean they don't have AGI?
               | 
               | Intelligence is _mostly_ about pattern recognition. All
               | those model weights represent patterns, compressed and
               | encoded. If you can find a similar pattern in a new
               | place, perhaps you can make a new discovery.
               | 
               | One problem is the patterns are static. Sooner or later,
               | someone is going to figure out a way to give LLMs "real"
               | memory. I'm not talking about keeping a long term
               | context, extending it with markdown files, RAG, etc. like
               | we do today for an individual user, but updating the
               | underlying model weights incrementally, basically
               | resulting in a learning, collective memory.
        
               | A_D_E_P_T wrote:
               | Virtually all humans of average intelligence are capable
               | of making scientific discoveries -- admittedly minor ones
               | -- if they devote themselves to a field, work at its
               | frontiers, and apply themselves. They are also capable of
               | originality in other domains, in other ways.
               | 
               | I am not at all sure that the same thing is even
               | theoretically possible for LLMs.
               | 
               | Not to be facetious, but you need to spend more time
               | playing with Suno. It really drives home how limited
               | these models are. With text, there's a vast conceptual
               | space that's hard to probe; it's much easier when the
               | same structure is ported to music. The number of things
               | it _can 't_ do absolutely outweighs the number of things
               | it _can_ do. Within days, even mere hours, you 'll become
               | aware of its peculiar rigidity.
        
             | samrus wrote:
             | Scaling alone wont get us to AGI. We are in the latter half
             | of this AI summer where the real research has slowed down
             | and even stopped and the MBAs and moguls are doing stupid
             | things
             | 
             | For us to take the next step towards AGI, we need an AI
             | winter to hit and the next AI summer to start, the first
             | half of which will produce the advancement we actually need
        
           | Kon5ole wrote:
           | I have to admit I'm flip-flopping on the topic, back and
           | forth from skeptic to scared enthusiast.
           | 
           | I just made a LLM recreate a decent approximation of the file
           | system browser from the movie Hackers (similar to the SGI one
           | from Jurassic park) in about 10 minutes. At work I've had it
           | do useful features and bug fixes daily for a solid week.
           | 
           | Something happened around newyears 2026. The clients, the
           | skills, the mcps, the tools and models reached some new level
           | of usefulness. Or maybe I've been lucky for a week.
           | 
           | If it can do things like what I saw last week reliably, then
           | every tool, widget, utility and library currently making
           | money for a single dev or small team of devs is about to get
           | eaten. Maybe even applications like jira, slack, or even
           | salesforce or SAP can be made in-house by even small
           | companies. "Make me a basic CRM".
           | 
           | Just a few months ago I found it mostly frustrating to use
           | LLM's and I thought the whole thing was little more than a
           | slight improvement over googling info for myself. But the
           | past week has been mind-blowing.
           | 
           | Is it the beginning of the star trek ship computer? If so, it
           | is as big as the smartphone, the internet, or even the
           | invention of the microchip. And then the investments make
           | sense in a way.
           | 
           | The problem might end up being that the value created by LLMs
           | will have no customers when everyone is unemployed.
        
             | bojan wrote:
             | I agree with you, and share the experience. Something
             | changed recently for me as well, where I found the mode to
             | actually get value from these things. I find it refreshing
             | that I don't have to write boilerplate myself or think
             | about the exact syntax of the framework I use. I get to
             | think about the part that adds value.
             | 
             | I also have the same experience where we rejected a SAP
             | offering with the idea to build the same thing in-house.
             | 
             | But... aside from the obvious fact that building a thing is
             | easier than using and maintaining the thing, the question
             | arose if we even need what SAP offered, or if we get agents
             | to do it.
             | 
             | In your example, do you actually need that simple CRM or
             | maybe you can get agents to do the thing without any other
             | additional software?
             | 
             | I don't know what this means for our jobs. I do know that,
             | if making software becomes so trivial for everyone,
             | companies will have to find another way to differentiate
             | and compete. And hopefully that's where knowledge workers
             | come in again.
        
               | r_lee wrote:
               | Exactly. I hear this "wow finally I can just let Claude
               | work on a ticket while I get coffee!" stuff and it makes
               | me wonder why none of these people feel threatened in any
               | way?
               | 
               | And if you can be so productive, then where exactly do we
               | need this surplus productivity in software right now when
               | were no longer in the "digital transformation" phase?
        
               | dasil003 wrote:
               | I don't feel threatened because no matter how tools,
               | platforms and languages improved, no matter how much
               | faster I could produce and distribute working
               | applications, there has never been a shortage of higher
               | level problems to solve.
               | 
               | Now if the only thing I was doing was writing code to a
               | specification written by someone else, then I would be
               | scared, but in my quarter century career that has never
               | been the case. Even at my first job as a junior web
               | developer before graduating college, there was always a
               | conversation with stakeholders and I always had input on
               | what was being built. I get that not every programmer had
               | that experience, but to me that's always been the
               | majority of the value that software developers bring, the
               | code itself is just an implementation detail.
               | 
               | I can't say that I won't miss hand-crafting all the code,
               | there certainly was something meditative about it, but
               | I'm sure some of the original ENIAC programmers felt the
               | same way about plugging in cables to make circuits. The
               | world of tech moves fast, and nostalgia doesn't pay the
               | bills.
        
               | bossyTeacher wrote:
               | > there has never been a shortage of higher level
               | problems to solve.
               | 
               | True, but whether all those problems are SEEN worth
               | chasing business wise is another matter. Short term is
               | what matters most for individuals currently in the field,
               | and short term is less devs needed which leads to drop in
               | salaries and higher competition. You will have a job but
               | if you explore the job market you will find it much
               | harder to get a job you want at the salary you want
               | without facing huge competition. At the same time, your
               | current employer might be less likely to give you salary
               | raises because they know you bargaining power has
               | decreased due to the job market conditions.
               | 
               | Maybe in 40 years time, new problems will change the job
               | market dynamics but you will likely be near retirement by
               | then
        
               | vitaflo wrote:
               | Smart devs know this is the beginning of the end of high
               | paying dev work. Once the LLM's get really good, most dev
               | work will go to the lowest bidder. Just like factory work
               | did 30 years ago.
        
               | falloutx wrote:
               | Then whats the smart dev plan, sit on the vibe coding
               | casino until the bossman calls you into the office?
        
               | democracy wrote:
               | Exactly, it will be a CodeUber, we just pick the task
               | from the app and deliver the results ))
        
               | falloutx wrote:
               | I thought AI would already automate that part, I expect
               | to actually just drive an actual uber
        
               | vitaflo wrote:
               | Make as much money as you can while you still can before
               | the bottom falls out. Or go work for one of the AI
               | companies on AI. Always better to sell picks and shovels
               | than dig for gold. Eventually the gold runs out where you
               | are.
        
               | username223 wrote:
               | Become a plutocrat, or be useful to plutocrats. I don't
               | have the moral flexibility for the former, but plutes
               | tend to care about their images, legacies, and mewling
               | broods. A clever person can find a way to be the latter.
        
               | chasd00 wrote:
               | I think it's the end of low paying dev work. If I was in
               | one of the coding sweatshops I would be thinking hard.
        
               | WarmWash wrote:
               | Not even factory work, classic engineering jobs in
               | general. SWE sucked all the air out of the engineering
               | room, because the pay/benefits/job prospects were just
               | head and shoulders better.
               | 
               | We had a fresh out of school EE hire who left our company
               | for an SWE position 6 months into his job with us, for a
               | position that paid the same (plus full remote with a food
               | stipend) as our Director of Engineering. A 23 yr old
               | getting on offer above what a 54 yr old with 30 years
               | experience was making.
               | 
               | For a few years there, you had to be an idi...making sub-
               | optimal decisions, to choose anything other than becoming
               | an techy.
        
               | democracy wrote:
               | Lots of dreamers here, yet Vanguard reports 4x job and
               | wages growth in the 100 jobs most exposed to AI
        
               | bossyTeacher wrote:
               | Bit naive to think that positive pattern will hold for
               | the next ten years or so or whatever time is left between
               | now and your retirement. And arguably, the later that
               | positive pattern changes is worse for you because
               | retraining as an older person has its own challenges.
        
               | democracy wrote:
               | Oh please, SAP doesn't exist only because writing
               | software is not free or cheap
        
             | gtech1 wrote:
             | My team of 6 people has been building a software to compete
             | with an already established piece of software written by a
             | major software corporation. I'm not saying we'll succeed,
             | I'm not saying we'll be better nor that we will cover every
             | corner case they do and that they learned over the past 30
             | years. But 6 senior devs are getting stuff done at an
             | insane pace. And if we can _attempt_ to do this, which
             | would have been unthinkable 2 years ago, I can only wonder
             | what will happen next.
        
               | josephg wrote:
               | Yeah I'm curious how much the moat of big software
               | companies will shrink over the next few years. How long
               | before I can ask a chatbot to build me a windows-like OS
               | from scratch (complete with an office suite) and it can
               | do a reasonable job?
               | 
               | And what happens then? Will we stop using each others
               | code?
        
               | bossyTeacher wrote:
               | > My team of 6 people has been building a software to
               | compete with an already established piece of software
               | written by a major software corporation.
               | 
               | How long until that the devs at that major corporation
               | start using an LLM? You think your smaller team can still
               | compare to their huge team?
        
               | dpe82 wrote:
               | If the goal is to simply undercut the incumbent with
               | roughly the same product than it doesn't really matter if
               | the incumbent starts using LLMs too as their cost
               | structure, margin expectations, etc. are already
               | relatively set.
        
               | henry2023 wrote:
               | Of course they can. if you've ever stepped a foot inside
               | big tech you'll know the bottle neck is not dev output.
        
               | YZF wrote:
               | 100%- which is what I'm telling everyone. I am in big
               | tech and it doesn't matter that I can write what I used
               | to in 1 week in 5 minutes. Meetings, reviews, design
               | docs, politics, etc. etc. mean how much code is written
               | is irrelevant. Productivity in big tech is pretty low
               | because of organizational overhead. You just can't get
               | anything done. Being able to get more work done with less
               | people is the real game changer because less people don't
               | suffer from those "coordination headwinds".
        
               | gtech1 wrote:
               | Bingo. Most of my employees come from big tech (not
               | faang, but big corps ) where they felt they couldn't
               | really deliver what they wanted and what they're capable
               | of. These guys love to not just code, but to create and
               | deliver stuff.
        
             | josephg wrote:
             | Yeah I'm having a similar experience. I've been wanting a
             | standard test suite for JMAP email servers, so we can make
             | sure all created jmap servers implement the (somewhat
             | complex) spec in a consistent manner. I spent a single day
             | prompting Claude code on Friday, and walked away with about
             | 9000 lines of code, containing 300 unit tests for jmap
             | servers. And a web interface showing the results. It would
             | have taken me at least a week or two to make something
             | similar by hand.
             | 
             | There's some quality issues - I think some of the tests are
             | slightly wrong. We went back and forth on some ambiguities
             | Claude found in the spec, and how we should actually
             | interpret what the jmap spec is asking. But after just a
             | day, it's nearly there. And it's already very useful to see
             | where existing implementations diverge on their output,
             | even if the tests are sometimes not correctly identifying
             | which implementation is wrong. Some of the test failures
             | are 100% correct - it found real bugs in production
             | implementations.
             | 
             | Using an AI to do weeks of work in a single day is the
             | biggest change in what software development looks like that
             | I've seen in my 30+ year career. I don't know why I would
             | hire a junior developer to write code any more. (But I
             | would hire someone who was smart enough to wrangle the AI).
             | I just don't know how long "ai prompter" will remain a
             | valuable skill. The AIs are getting much better at
             | operating independently. It won't be long before us humans
             | aren't needed to babysit them.
        
               | wasmainiac wrote:
               | Was this written by llm?
        
               | josephg wrote:
               | No.
        
               | wasmainiac wrote:
               | Sorry just asking. I used to review CVs part time. It
               | used to be pretty clear who was embellishing their CV
               | with AI and who was not. There was also a writing style
               | that came with using AI.
               | 
               | My spider sense is tingling!
        
               | josephg wrote:
               | :( I get this from time to time, where people think my
               | writing is at least partially AI generated. I wonder if
               | it's worth trying to change my writing style to avoid the
               | stigma. If I hand wrote a CV, it would suck to be dumped
               | in with AI generated slop. More small pithy sentences? or
               | throw in some spelling and grammar mistakes? Bleh.
        
               | salawat wrote:
               | So what'd your prompt look like, out of curiosity? I hear
               | about all these things that sound quite impressive, but
               | no one ever seems to want share any info on the prompts
               | to learn or gain insight from.
        
               | josephg wrote:
               | It was nothing special. I can't seem to pull up the
               | initial prompt, but it was something like this:
               | 
               | > Build a thorough test suite for JMAP in this directory.
               | The test suite will be run against multiple JMAP servers,
               | to ensure each server implements the JMAP spec
               | consistently and correctly. In this directory are two
               | files - rfc8620.txt and rfc8621.txt. These files
               | containing the JMAP core and JMAP email specs. Read these
               | files. Then make a list of all aspects of the
               | specifications. For each, create a set of tests which
               | thoroughly tests all aspects of a JMAP server's behaviour
               | specified by the RFCs, including error behaviour. The
               | test suite should be configurable to point at a jmap
               | server & email account. The account will contain an empty
               | mailbox (error if its not empty). The test suite starts
               | by adding a known set of test emails to the account, then
               | run your tests and clear the inbox again. Write the test
               | suite in typescript. The test runner should output the
               | report into a JSON file. Start with a project plan.
               | 
               | If you haven't tried claude code or openai's codex, just
               | dive in there and give it a go. Writing a prompt isn't
               | rocket science. Just succinctly say the same things you'd
               | say to a very competent junior engineer when you want to
               | brief them on some work.
        
             | raegis wrote:
             | > The problem might end up being that the value created by
             | LLMs will have no customers when everyone is unemployed.
             | 
             | I'm not a professional programmer, but I am the I.T.
             | department for my wife's small office. I used ChatGPT
             | recently (as a search engine) to help create a web
             | interface for some files on our intranet. I'm sure no one
             | in the office has the time or skills to vibe code this in a
             | reasonable amount of time. So I'm confident that my "job"
             | is secure :)
        
               | falloutx wrote:
               | > Im sure no one in the office has the time or skills to
               | vibe code.
               | 
               | the thing you are describing can be vibe coded by anyone.
               | Its not that teachers or nurses are gonna start
               | vibecoding tmrw, but the risk comes from other
               | programmers outworking you to show off to the boss. Or
               | companies pitting devs against each other, or them
               | mistakenly assuming they require very few programmers, or
               | PMs suddenly start vibe coding when threatened for their
               | jobs.
        
             | chasd00 wrote:
             | I have to admit the last 6-8 weeks have been different.
             | Maybe it's just me realizing the value in some of these
             | tools...
        
             | simoncion wrote:
             | It seems like every quarter or two, I hear a story just
             | like yours (including the <<Wow! We've quietly passed an
             | inflection point!>> part).
             | 
             | What does that tell me?
             | 
             | It tells me that I shouldn't waste my time with a tool
             | that's going to fundamentally change in three to six
             | months; that I should wait until I _stop_ hearing stories
             | like this for a good, long while.  "But you're going to be
             | left behind!", yeah, maybe. But. I've been primarily a
             | maintenance programmer for a very long time. The "bleeding
             | edge" is where I am very, very rarely... and it seems to
             | work out fine.
             | 
             | New tools that are useful are nice. Switching to a
             | radically different tool every quarter or two? Not nice.
             | I've got shit to do.
        
               | srdjanr wrote:
               | I don't see the interface changing much in 3-6 months,
               | and definitely not fundamentally.
               | 
               | Sure, there will probably be some changes around MCP,
               | skills, AGENTS.md and similar, but I don't see them as
               | big changes, and you can use the tools now without those
               | things.
        
             | wasmainiac wrote:
             | I have not had the success you mention with programming...
             | I still feel like I have to hold its hand all the way.
             | 
             | Regardless..
             | 
             | > The problem might end up being that the value created by
             | LLMs will have no customers when everyone is unemployed.
             | 
             | This mentality is why investors are scrambling right now.
             | It's a scare tactic.
        
           | mike_hearn wrote:
           | FWIW the models aren't thrown away. The weights are used to
           | preinit the next foundation model training run. It helps to
           | reuse weights rather than randomize them even if the model
           | has a somewhat different architecture.
           | 
           | As for the rest, constraint on hospital capacity (at least in
           | some countries, not sure about the USA) isn't money for
           | capex, it's doctors unions that restrict training slots.
        
           | qaq wrote:
           | Not many. Money is not a perfect abstraction. The raw
           | materials used to produce 100B worth of Nvidia chips will not
           | yield you many hospitals. AI researcher with 100M singup
           | bonus from Meta ain't gonna lay you much brick.
        
             | thwarted wrote:
             | It's not about the consumption of raw materials or
             | repurposing of the raw materials used for chips. peterlk
             | said:
             | 
             | > _How many hospitals, roads, houses, machine shops,
             | biomanufacturing facilities, parks, forests, laboratories,
             | etc. could we build with the money we're spending on
             | pretraining models that we throw away next quarter?_
             | 
             | It's about using _the money_ for to build things that we
             | actually need and that have more long term utility. No one
             | expects someone with a 100M signing bonus at Meta to lay
             | bricks, but that 100M could be used to buy a lot of bricks
             | and pay a lot of brick layers to build hospitals.
        
               | OGEnthusiast wrote:
               | Seems like the main issue is that taxes in America are
               | far too low.
        
               | qaq wrote:
               | Again people confuse paper wealth and material assets. If
               | you take half of money of 0.001% people imagine there
               | will be material change in world of atoms but thats not
               | true. You can't take 8 mil Richard Mille watch and build
               | an apartment building. We are mostly resource
               | constrained. There are no material assets to convert all
               | the paper wealth into. Telsa's physical assets are like
               | 5% of Tesla's market cap the rest is cultish belief in
               | Elon. You can't convert that into a hospital. It's
               | trivial to observe on AI side there is unlimited amount
               | of $ available and yet companies are supplied constrained
               | on the atoms side from gas turbines having 3-4 year lead
               | times to ASML running 24/7 prod cycle and yet unable to
               | meet demand.
        
               | ponector wrote:
               | You can tax wealth, assets and paper wealth as well. Some
               | countries like Switzerland does it. Annual tax is
               | 0.05-0.3% and that what should billionaires pay to the
               | society.
        
               | qaq wrote:
               | You can and Pollock paintings will go for 80 mil instead
               | of 110 and luxury assets will drop in price but will
               | still be owned by same people. Switzerland is tiny so not
               | very constrained. There is some elasticity for converting
               | paper wealth into physical things but it is miniscule. I
               | think COVID should've being a pretty strong lesson there.
        
               | scoofy wrote:
               | I mean, you're just talking about _spending_ money.
               | Google isn 't trying to build data centers for fun. These
               | massive outlays are only there because the folks making
               | them think they will _make much more money than they
               | spend._
        
               | AYBABTME wrote:
               | I think it's a mistake to believe that this money would
               | exist if it was to be spent on these things. The
               | existence of money is largely derived from society scale
               | intention, excitement or urgency. These hospitals,
               | machine shops, etc, could not manifest the same amount of
               | money unless packaged as an exciting society scale
               | project by a charismatic and credible character. But AI,
               | as an aggregate, has this pull and there are a few clear
               | investment channels in which to pour this money. The
               | money didn't need to exist yesterday, it can be created
               | by pulling a loan from (ultimately) the Fed.
        
               | int_19h wrote:
               | Those companies were each sitting ~$50-100B in cash even
               | before the AI boom.
        
           | johnvanommen wrote:
           | > How many hospitals, roads, houses, machine shops,
           | biomanufacturing facilities, parks, forests, laboratories,
           | etc. could we build
           | 
           | "We?"
           | 
           | This isn't "our" money.
           | 
           | If you buy shares, you get a voice.
        
           | YZF wrote:
           | It's not a zero sum game. We could build hospitals and data
           | centers. The reason we are not building hospitals or parks or
           | machine shops have nothing to do with AI. We weren't building
           | them 2 years ago either.
        
             | eviks wrote:
             | Indeed not zero sum, but a negative sum game to waste money
             | instead of even doing nothing, let alone building something
             | useful.
        
           | lII1lIlI11ll wrote:
           | >As a research topic, modern AI is a miracle, and I
           | absolutely love learning about it. As an economic endeavor,
           | it just feels insane. How many hospitals, roads, houses,
           | machine shops, biomanufacturing facilities, parks, forests,
           | laboratories, etc. could we build with the money we're
           | spending on pretraining models that we throw away next
           | quarter?
           | 
           | This is a wrong way to look at it. The right way is to
           | consider that AI investments generate (taxable) economic
           | activity that your government can use to build "hospitals,
           | roads, houses, machine shops, biomanufacturing facilities,
           | parks, forests, laboratories".
        
             | anon7000 wrote:
             | Not so much when there's a race to the bottom for which
             | municipalities, and states can offer the most tax breaks.
        
               | lII1lIlI11ll wrote:
               | People working on those facilities still pay income tax
               | to the municipality no matter how much of a discount the
               | business gets. People buying AI tokes/subscriptions pay
               | VAT to the municipality where they reside.
        
             | efficax wrote:
             | they pay very little tax and most of the cash is going into
             | datacenters and electricity which provide very little long
             | term employment. llms can do some amazing things but at the
             | same time they're setting mountains of cash on fire to
             | nudify random women on twitter and generate more spam than
             | we could've ever imagined possible
        
           | polski-g wrote:
           | Google has zero expected build outs of "forests". They've
           | never mentioned this in their 10k ever. There is no
           | misallocation of Google's money from "forests" to
           | datacenters.
        
         | baq wrote:
         | Inflation adjusted?
        
           | Symbiote wrote:
           | Seems to be.
           | 
           | Facebook's investment is to be $135bn [1]. The Channel Tunnel
           | was "in 1985 prices, PS4.65 billion", which is PS15.34bn in
           | December 2025 [3], or $20.5bn at current exchange rate.
           | 
           | That is staggering.
           | 
           | (I didn't check the other figures.)
           | 
           | [1] https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cn8jkyk78gno
           | 
           | [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_Tunnel
           | 
           | [3] https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/monetary-
           | policy/inflation/in...
        
         | ttoinou wrote:
         | So, now you understand you can't compare things with how much
         | they cost
        
         | fogzen wrote:
         | It's incredibly sad and depressing. We could be building green
         | energy, parks, public transit, education, healthcare.
        
           | renewiltord wrote:
           | We could, but perhaps people want AI data centers more than
           | one more month of healthcare spending. Though it's a tough
           | thing choosing between 3.5 rail lines between SF and LA and
           | LLMs.
        
             | don_esteban wrote:
             | The thing is that is is not the 'people' who decide these
             | things. Its the uber rich, who prefer investing to get uber
             | richer (although I am not sure how will that work in this
             | case) to investing in improving the health of the plebs.
        
           | hunterpayne wrote:
           | > building green energy
           | 
           | Fun fact, we have already spent about $10T on renewables and
           | it still provides a very tiny amount of global energy. Learn
           | about why before complaining about it in public. While you
           | are at it, perhaps learn why health insurance is so expensive
           | while also increasing the cost of healthcare. In many matters
           | of public policy, lack of money isn't the problem. Its
           | ignorance of what makes good policy that is missing and that
           | isn't fixed by throwing money at problems.
        
         | jaccola wrote:
         | Not really your point but I think the skills to create these
         | things are much slower to train than producing chips and data
         | centres.
         | 
         | So they couldn't really build any of these projects weekly
         | since the cost of construction materials / design engineers /
         | construction workers would inflate rapidly.
         | 
         | Worth keeping in mind when people say "we could have built 52
         | hospitals instead!" or similar. Yes, but not really... since
         | the other constraints would quickly reveal themselves
        
         | mtrovo wrote:
         | Remember the good old days of complaining about Bitcoin taking
         | the energy output of a whole town.
        
           | mjevans wrote:
           | It has never _not_ been time to build all the power plants we
           | can environmentally afford.
           | 
           | More power enables higher quality of living and more advanced
           | civilization. It will be put to use doing something useful,
           | or at the very worst it'll make doing existing useful things
           | less expensive opening them up to more who would like those
           | things.
        
             | WarOnPrivacy wrote:
             | > It has never _not_ been time to build all the power
             | plants we can environmentally afford.
             | 
             | The US' challenge is that new energy sources are waiting
             | 3-5 years before they can connect to the grid.
             | 
             | refs: https://kagi.com/search?q=how+long+are+new+energy+sou
             | rces+wa...
        
         | saalaa wrote:
         | I'm a simple man, I just want these companies to pay taxes
         | where they make money.
        
           | WarOnPrivacy wrote:
           | > I'm a simple man, I just want these companies to pay taxes
           | where they make money.
           | 
           | The folks who bankroll elections work tirelessly to insure
           | this doesn't happen.
        
           | int_19h wrote:
           | Especially when they make money off the free work of all the
           | people who contributed to those training sets.
           | 
           | There really needs to be some kind of "commons tax" for that
           | kind of thing.
        
           | speleding wrote:
           | Profits = revenue - costs. Costs include depreciations and
           | write offs of investments, and capital costs (what they pay
           | to service debt), before you get to a taxable profit for
           | accounting purposes. It's going to be many years before they
           | pay taxes, if ever.
           | 
           | They do have to pay Value Added Tax on their sales in many
           | countries (all of the EU), but not in most of the US. (The
           | basis for Trump's claim that the EU is robbing the US. Sigh.)
        
         | jsemrau wrote:
         | Its like we are transcending to a new state of the world.
        
         | jiggawatts wrote:
         | Sure, but the end-state of this isn't just chat bots! Bipedal
         | robots are the real target application for this technology, and
         | at least three big players have invested many billions each
         | into base model training. The "GPT 2 moment" for robotics will
         | happen likely later this year, next year at the latest. Then,
         | the company that scales up from there to the equivalent of GPT
         | 3.5 -- the first properly useful model -- can start selling
         | androids by the _tens of millions_.
         | 
         | It'll be the next automobile, every well-to-do household will
         | want one eventually. Every hospital, to assist/replace nurses.
         | Every retirement home for the same reason.
         | 
         | Japan and China alone, with their ageing populations in dire
         | need of nursing, will easily pay for the investment with that
         | one use-case.
        
       | kkfx wrote:
       | Is there really for the ML boom, or is it just a way to make
       | computers more and more expensive to push people towards mobile?
       | Because looking around, that's the effect I'm seeing, regardless
       | of the causes.
       | 
       | I see a future where most people will buy tablets to save money
       | and the desktop will be for only a few, a very few, just when
       | self-hosting is becoming trendy and people are saying "it's time
       | for GNU/Linux to take Windows' place"...
        
       | mystraline wrote:
       | The current LLMs are not constantly learning. They're static
       | models that require megatons of coal to retrain.
       | 
       | Now if the LLMs could modify their own nets, and improve
       | themselves, then that would be immensely valuable for the world.
       | 
       | But as of now, its a billionaires wet dream to threaten all
       | workers as a way to replace labor.
        
         | throwaw12 wrote:
         | > if the LLMs could modify their own nets ... then that would
         | be immensely valuable for the world.
         | 
         | Not sure :)
         | 
         | I expect different things, don't think Wall Street allows good
         | things to happen to ordinary people
        
         | simianwords wrote:
         | How would you have done it differently? It's clear that even if
         | this builds up more billionaire wealth, it still benefits
         | everyone. Just like any other technology?
         | 
         | So would you rather stop billionaires from doing it?
        
           | bigstrat2003 wrote:
           | > It's clear that even if this builds up more billionaire
           | wealth, it still benefits everyone.
           | 
           | That is by _no means_ clear. I have yet to see any benefit
           | from AI. I have no doubt in my mind that I 'm not alone. So
           | how is "everyone" benefiting from this trend?
        
         | reducesuffering wrote:
         | Think bigger, think of the entire system outside of just the
         | single LLM: the interplay of capital, human engineering, and
         | continual improvement of LLMs. First gen LLM used 100% human
         | coding. Previous gen were ~50% human coding. Current gen are
         | ~10% human coding (practically all OpenAI/Anthropic engineers
         | admit they're entirely using Claude Code / Codex for code).
         | What happens when we're at 1% human coding, then 0%? The
         | recursive self-improvement is happening, it's just indirectly
         | for now.
        
           | mystraline wrote:
           | And if everybody could thrive, then I say go for it.
           | 
           | But thats nowhere near the system we have. Instead, this is
           | serving to take all intellectual and artistic labor, and
           | lower everyone into the 'ditch digger and garbage man' class,
           | aka the low wage class.
           | 
           | LLMs was never about building upwards. Its about corporate
           | plundering from the folks who get paid well - the developers,
           | the artists, the engineers, you name it. And its a way to
           | devalue everyone with a pretend that they can be replaced
           | with the biggest plagiarism machine ever created.
           | 
           | https://www.reddit.com/r/economicCollapse/comments/1hspiym/t.
           | ..
           | 
           | is correct in their take. Why else would we see a circular
           | economy of shoving AI everywhere? Because it serves to
           | eliminate wages, paid to humans.
           | 
           | This stratification and cementing social classes nearly
           | permanently is a way to have our race of humanity die. But
           | hey, shareholder value was at an all time high for a while.
        
         | vixen99 wrote:
         | Is this actually true? Anyone care to comment on the claim
         | (from some quarters) that offering free access to ChatGPT
         | allows OpenAI to 'collect a gold mine of real-world interaction
         | data to improve the underlying language model. Every
         | conversation users have with ChatGPT - every question asked and
         | every task requested - provides valuable training data for
         | refining' the model.
         | 
         | If false, I'm thinking - there's me, thinking I'm doing my bit
         | to help . . .
        
           | mystraline wrote:
           | Corporate LLMs also are going to be the absolute biggest rug-
           | pull.
           | 
           | The billionaire companies responsible for this claim they can
           | bed used for intellectual and artistic labor. Sure, they're
           | the biggest piracy and plagariam engines.
           | 
           | Once people start losing the abilities of what LLMs were
           | trained on, will be the next phase. And thats to ratchet up
           | prices to replace what they would have paid to humans.
           | 
           | It will be the biggest wealth transfer we will have ever
           | seen.
           | 
           | This whole socio-econic equasion would be different if we all
           | did actually gain. Raising tides raise all ships, but sinking
           | ships get gobbled faster and faster.
        
       | lvl155 wrote:
       | Sign me up to be an electrician. The line for that is pretty long
       | and gatekept.
        
         | ares623 wrote:
         | You and 100,000 other software engineers will make that line
         | pretty short in no time I bet!
         | 
         | It's amazing how South Park has better economic sense than HN
         | (or maybe not actually)
        
           | grumple wrote:
           | There's a shortage of over 500,000 tradesmen in the US right
           | now, expected to reach a shortage of 2 million by 2030. And
           | if you've ever tried to get somebody out for a repair: it's
           | hard. They are expensive, and the tradesmen are often not
           | good, and often pretty dumb, even about their own field. Add
           | to that the regulatory gatekeeping, where it takes 5 years
           | minimum of working under someone else to be able to work
           | independently in some fields, and the low initial pay and
           | poor treatment causing people to drop out... there's going to
           | be a shortage for a long time. And even if their wasn't - the
           | people in those fields now would be relatively easy to
           | outcompete imo.
        
           | lvl155 wrote:
           | Electricians make more money than an average developer. A
           | commercial one will be like being a staff level dev. This is
           | why it is gatekept in most municipalities. To be fair, being
           | a good electrician is not easy.
        
       | mandeepj wrote:
       | It's definitely not causing shortages of people, with tens of
       | thousands and more getting laid off every month!
       | 
       | The AI boom is just like a conference- where new and shiny seems
       | to do wonders, but when you come back to workplace, none of that
       | seem to work or fit in!
        
         | erikerikson wrote:
         | The article was specific about where the jobs shortages are.
         | Electricians, construction, mathematicians (?)(wasn't aware the
         | was a lot of dedicated math work in a data center design and
         | build). Lay offs have been in software, design, and elsewhere.
        
         | roysting wrote:
         | Yes, because the bigger issue is that the whole American system
         | has been so dominated by the rapacious and parasitic mindset of
         | the blob that may be grouped as the PE/investor class (which I
         | also belong to and have benefited from, even though it's been
         | deliberately secondarily), which has been extracting/monetizing
         | value and cutting real, human, long term investment in lieu of
         | short term, quick, unsustainable outsourcing and resource
         | extracting methods for so many decades now that it has now left
         | America in a tight spot.
         | 
         | Unfortunately, though it has left mostly the Europeans, but all
         | American vassals in an even worse position as the vampiric fake
         | American ruling class, devours America like Saturn devouring
         | his son, as famously depicted by Goya. The parasitic American
         | empire is in a bit of a panic and it is pulling out all the
         | stops to make everyone else pay for its failures, evil, and
         | detrimental activities. That comes in the form of extracting
         | value from Europe and damaging their economy in order to make
         | them even more dependent vassals who still think they can rebel
         | like a toddler threading to run away from home, and dominating
         | the Americas that are effectively helpless in the face of
         | Americas overwhelming position over them.
         | 
         | The anxiety and panic among the American ruling class is
         | palpable among the clubhouse chatter. The empire is in a bit of
         | a panic to sustain itself, just as much as it is also trying to
         | devour what little value is left among the American pension
         | funds and people to save itself; Saturn devouring his son for
         | fear of the prophesy that his child would overthrow him.
        
           | dmix wrote:
           | It is a downside of being the world center of finance is that
           | you have way too many well paid finance guys sitting in rooms
           | trying to squeeze the juice out of everything on the market.
           | 
           | The opposite end of that is that this AI boom wouldn't have
           | existed in America without the insane amount of capital these
           | guys can put together.
        
       | mschuster91 wrote:
       | It's time that societies act against this cancer. When everything
       | else suffers because the cancer is stealing all sorts of
       | resources, a human would go to a doctor and have the cancer
       | killed chemically or excised.
        
         | jopsen wrote:
         | Relax, before you drafted regulation and rolled it out this
         | bubble will have peaked.
         | 
         | Unless your rolling out dumb reactionary regulation like forbid
         | AI or crypto coins, etc.
         | 
         | It's annoying right now, but on a timescale of 5-10 years
         | ram/gpu prices will be back to normal.
         | 
         | Could we regulate investors reduce risk of bubbles maybe, but
         | it's hard. Probably easier to limit the impact of bubbles on
         | humans with a social safety net.
        
       | drnick1 wrote:
       | > Smartphones are expected to get pricier for potentially years
       | to come.
       | 
       | "Smart" phones have ceased to be smart years ago. They are now
       | instruments of mass surveillance, and the tech industry has
       | convinced people that 1) you need one not to be a social outcast,
       | 2) you need to upgrade it every year, 3) not having root access
       | is for your own good.
       | 
       | I'll stick to my Pixel 9a running Graphene for the forseeable
       | future.
        
         | goalieca wrote:
         | Well, the article touched on how smaller phone makers and
         | middle tier startups, are being squeezed out. Big tech and
         | their surveillance economy is only going to tighten their grip
         | now.
        
       | utopiah wrote:
       | Good thing that I don't need a :
       | 
       | - bigger TV, my "old" not even 4K video projector is enough
       | 
       | - faster phone with more memory or better camera, my current one
       | as "just" 5G, is enough
       | 
       | - faster laptop/desktop, I can work on the laptop, game on
       | desktop
       | 
       | - higher resolution VR headsets (but I'll still get a Steam Frame
       | because it's more free)
       | 
       | - denser smart watch, I'm not even using the ones I have
       | 
       | ... so, the situation is bad, yes, and yet I don't really care.
       | The hardware I have is good enough and in fact regardless of AI
       | I've been arguing we've reached "peak" IT few years ago already.
       | Of course I wouldn't mind "better" everything (higher resolution,
       | faster refresh rate, faster CPU/GPU, more memory, more risk,
       | etc). What I'm arguing for though is that most "normal" users
       | (please, don't tell me you're a video editor for National
       | Geographic who MUST edit 360 videos in 8K! That's great for you,
       | honestly, love that, but that's NOT a "normal" user!) who bough
       | high end hardware during the last few year matches most of their
       | capabilities.
       | 
       | All that being said, yes, pop that damn bubble, still invest in
       | AI R&D and datacenters, still invest in AI public research for
       | energy, medicine, etc BUT not the LLM/GenAI tulip commercial
       | craze.
        
         | benjiro wrote:
         | Your forgetting a little detail ... While you do not need a lot
         | of new stuff, companies need buyers. A lot of companies work on
         | rather thing margins and losing potentially 10 a 20% sales can
         | result in people getting fired, or companies shutting down.
         | 
         | Remember, its not just about "O, X big brands sells less, they
         | can deal with it". But a lot of brands have suppliers who feed
         | that system. Or PC component makers like ... heatsinks, Fans,
         | Cases ... seeing a 20% less sales because people buy less new
         | PCs.
         | 
         | People do not realize how much is linked in the industry.
         | Smaller GPU card makers are literally saying that they may be
         | forced to leave the industry because of drops in sales and the
         | memory prices making the products too expensive.
         | 
         | We can live a long time on old hardware but hardware also
         | limits. Hey, the wife's laptop is from 2019, just before Covid
         | (2020 when a lot of people bought new laptops). The battery is
         | barely holding on. Replacement? None (reputable) ... So in a
         | year that laptop is dead.
         | 
         | How about phones? Same issue ... battery is the build in
         | obsolete maker.
         | 
         | You see the issue. It goes beyond what what most people
         | realize.
         | 
         | Wait when a recession hits when the whole AI bubble bursts and
         | cascades down the already weakened industry. Unlike previous
         | bubbles, the hardware being build is so specialized, that
         | little will hit the normal consumer market. So there will not
         | be a flood of cheap GPUs or memory being dumped on the market.
        
           | kykat wrote:
           | Yeah, some hardware vendors that sell things like pc cases or
           | coolers have definitely noticed that people are really
           | building way less PCs
        
           | utopiah wrote:
           | I'm honestly not worried. My laptop battery is at ~70%
           | health, same for phone. It's not great but it's enough to be
           | useful.
           | 
           | Hopefully current companies failing, and yes closing down,
           | might in fact be the opportunity for new companies focusing
           | precisely on different dimension, namely repairability rather
           | than top specs. I have in mind MNT, Pine64, Librem,
           | FairPhone, or projects like LiFePO4wered/Pi+ or battery
           | adapters.
           | 
           | There are new actors that are not computer manufacturers but
           | precisely reconsider the value chain instead of solely
           | focusing on higher specs.
        
       | techblueberry wrote:
       | Bezos must have forgot to censor this post before it published.
        
       | vaxman wrote:
       | Almost positive 'ol Bessent has by now warned Trump that there is
       | an issue with the AI queens breaking 1930s securities reform
       | laws. Last week's stock market and crypto moves have all but
       | sealed the fate of the Bozo No Bozos. They will take down the
       | people involved with the funky purchase orders quietly, except
       | inside of the closed door meetings where they get handled.
       | https://youtu.be/y_z9W_N5Drg
        
       | loeg wrote:
       | > Good luck finding an electrician
       | 
       | My local (urban) residential electricians aren't even busy --
       | they are booking less than a week out. By contrast, just last
       | year they were booking six weeks out. The fall in EV
       | infrastructure demand due to eliminated incentives might be
       | impacting them more than additional data center demand.
        
       | mixologic wrote:
       | It's caused a massive shortage of interesting content that isn't
       | related to AI.
        
         | dmix wrote:
         | The best part is every single thread on HN now has someone
         | accusing the author of using AI.
        
         | cheschire wrote:
         | Remember when AI were closer to just purpose-built neural
         | networks and not always LLMs?
         | 
         | I miss reading about that kind of "AI"
        
         | journal wrote:
         | many users here are not willing to try anything new that might
         | give it a chance. even if i show someone a better alternative,
         | they still wont use it because no one else is using it. people
         | need to be told what to do. initiative has been beaten out of
         | you all.
        
       | macguyv3r wrote:
       | Good.
       | 
       | Gen pop can diversify its skillset, become more independently
       | self sufficient as a result, rely on/require less money overall,
       | and realize they don't really need to listen to rich tech CEOs
       | which will implode their value politically.
       | 
       | SaaS jobs were about little more than agency control and now
       | they're losing that control.
        
       | dehrmann wrote:
       | Does anyone know the high-level breakdown of where the money's
       | going and how long that part (energy production, energy
       | transmission, network, datacenter, servers/GPUs) lasts?
        
       | rossdavidh wrote:
       | "JPMorgan calculated last fall that the tech industry must
       | collect an extra $650 billion in revenue every year -- three
       | times the annual revenue of AI chip giant Nvidia -- to earn a
       | reasonable investment return. That marker is probably even higher
       | now because AI spending has increased."
       | 
       | That pretty much tells you how this will end, right there.
        
         | robotnikman wrote:
         | The future is not looking bright at all....
         | 
         | I only have a meme to describe what we are facing
         | https://imgur.com/a/xYbhzTj
        
           | butterlettuce wrote:
           | I was expecting to see Mark Baum on the phone saying "hey,
           | we're in a bubble".
        
           | dmix wrote:
           | > The future is not looking bright at all....
           | 
           | The tech industry going through a boom and settling back down
           | at a higher place than before isn't the end of the world.
           | They all start merging together soon.
        
             | dijit wrote:
             | There has never been an industry that does that
             | consistently (that wasn't government subsidised at least).
             | 
             | We got lucky with the dotcom bubble.
             | 
             | There's no guarantee of anything, and it's totally possible
             | for the industry to collapse and stay that way.
        
               | cootsnuck wrote:
               | They got the current administration to ban state level
               | regulation for them. Not to mention various defense
               | contracts. They are government subsidized.
        
             | marcyb5st wrote:
             | I am more afraid if AI will actually deliver what CEOs are
             | touting. People that are now working will be unemployable
             | and will have to pivot to something else, overcrowding
             | these other sectors and driving wages down.
             | 
             | If that comes to pass you will work the same or more for
             | less money than now.
             | 
             | Basically jump back to a true plutocracy since only a few
             | people will syphon the wealth generated by AI and that
             | wealth will give them substantial temporal power.
        
               | monkaiju wrote:
               | I mean, I just dont see any evidence of that happening.
               | TBF I'm a SWE so I can only speak to that segment, but
               | its literally worse than useless for working with
               | anything software related thats non-trivial...
        
               | anonzzzies wrote:
               | I see that sentiment here all the time and I don't
               | understand what you must be doing; our projects are far
               | from non trivial and we get a lot of benefit from it in
               | the SWE teams. Our software infra was alway (almost 30
               | years) made to work well with outsourcing teams, so maybe
               | that is it, but I cannot understand how you can have
               | quite that bad results.
        
               | yallpendantools wrote:
               | Butting in here but as I have the same sentiment as
               | monkaiju: I'm working on a legacy (I can't emphasize this
               | enough) Java 8 app that's doing all sorts of weird things
               | with class loaders and dynamic entities which, among
               | others, is holding it in Java 8. It has over ten years of
               | development cruft all over it, code coverage of maybe
               | 30-40% depending on when you measure it in the 6+ years
               | I've been working with it.
               | 
               | This shit was legacy when I was a wee new hire.
               | 
               | Github Copilot has been great in getting that code
               | coverage up marginally but ass otherwise. I could write
               | you a litany of my grievances with it but the main one is
               | how it keeps inventing methods when writing feature code.
               | For example, in a given context, it might suggest
               | `customer.getDeliveryAddress()` when it should be `custom
               | er.getOrderInfo().getDeliveryInfo().getDeliveryAddress()`
               | . It's basically a dice roll if it will remember this the
               | next time I need a delivery address (but perhaps no
               | surprises there). I noticed if I needed a different
               | address in the interim (like a billing address), it's
               | more likely to get confused between getting a delivery
               | address and a billing address. Sometimes it would even
               | think the address is in the request arguments (so it
               | would suggest something like
               | `req.getParam('deliveryAddress')`) and this happens even
               | when the request is properly typed!
               | 
               | I can't believe I'm saying this but IntelliSense is loads
               | better at completing my code for me as I don't have to
               | backtrack what it generated to correct it. I could type
               | `CustomerAddress deliveryAddress = customer` let it hang
               | there for a while and in a couple of seconds it would
               | suggest to `.getOrderInfo()` and then
               | `.getDeliveryInfo()` until we get to
               | `.getDeliveryAddress()`. And it would get the right
               | suggestions if I name the variable `billingAddress` too.
               | 
               | "Of course you have to provide it with the correct
               | context/just use a larger context window" If I knew the
               | exact context Copilot would need to generate working
               | code, that eliminates more than half of what I need an AI
               | copilot in this project for. Also if I have to add more
               | than three or four class files as context for a given
               | prompt, that's not really more convenient than figuring
               | it out by myself.
               | 
               | Our AI guy recently suggested a tool that would take in
               | the whole repository as context. Kind of like sourcebot
               | ---maybe it was sourcebot(?)---but the exact name escapes
               | me atm. Because it failed. Either there were still too
               | many tokens to process or, more likely, the project was
               | too complex for it still. The thing with this project is
               | although it's a monorepo, it still relies on a whole
               | fleet of external services and libraries to do some
               | things. Some of these services we have the source code
               | for but most not so even in the best case "hunting for
               | files to add in the context window" just becomes "hunting
               | for repos to add in the context window". Scaling!
               | 
               | As an aside, I tried to greenfield some apps with LLMs. I
               | asked Codex to develop a minimal single-page app for a
               | simple internal lookup tool. I emphasized minimalism and
               | code clarity in my prompt. I told it not to use external
               | libraries and rely on standard web APIs.
               | 
               | What it spewed forth is the most polished single-page
               | internal tool I have ever seen. It is, frankly,
               | impressive. But it only managed to do so because it
               | basically spat out the most common Bootstrap classes and
               | recreated the W3Schools AJAX tutorial and put it all in
               | one HTML file. I have no words and I don't know if I must
               | scream. It would be interesting to see how token costs
               | evolve over time for a 100% vibe-coded project.
        
               | stackbutterflow wrote:
               | Copilot is notoriously bad. Have you tried (paid plans)
               | codex, Claude or even Gemini on your legacy project?
               | That's the bare minimum before debating the usefulness of
               | AI tools.
        
               | yallpendantools wrote:
               | > Copilot is notoriously bad.
               | 
               | "notoriously bad" is news to me. I find no indication
               | from online sources that would warrant the label
               | "notoriously bad".
               | 
               | https://arxiv.org/html/2409.19922v1#S6 from 2024
               | concludes it has the highest success rate in easy and
               | medium coding problems (with no clear winner for hard)
               | and that it produces "slightly better runtime performance
               | overall".
               | 
               | https://research.aimultiple.com/ai-coding-benchmark/ from
               | 2025 has Copilot in a three-way tie for third above
               | Gemini.
               | 
               | > Have you tried (paid plans) codex, Claude or even
               | Gemini on your legacy project?
               | 
               | This is usually the part of the pitch where you tell me
               | _why_ I should even bother especially as one would
               | require me to fork up cash upfront. Why will they succeed
               | where Copilot has failed? I 'm not asking anyone to do my
               | homework for me on a legacy codebase that, in this
               | conversation, only I can access---that's outright unfair.
               | I'm just asking for a heuristic, a sign, that the grass
               | might indeed be greener on that side. How could they
               | (probably) improve my life? And no, "so that you pass the
               | bare minimum to debate the usefulness of AI tools" is not
               | the reason because, frankly, the less of these
               | discussions I have, the better.
        
               | stackbutterflow wrote:
               | I'm saying this to help you. Whether you give it a shot
               | makes no difference to me. This topic is being discussed
               | endlessly everyday on all major platforms and for the
               | past year or so the consensus is strongly against using
               | copilot.
               | 
               | If you want to see if your project and your work can
               | benefit from AI you must use codex, Claude code or Gemini
               | (which wasn't a contender until recently).
        
               | yallpendantools wrote:
               | > This topic is being discussed endlessly everyday on all
               | major platforms and for the past year or so the consensus
               | is strongly against using copilot.
               | 
               | So it would be easy to link me to something that shows
               | this consensus, right? It would help me see what the
               | "consensus" has to say about the known limitations of
               | Copilot too. It would help me see the "why" that you seem
               | allergic to even hint at.
               | 
               | Look, I'm trying to not be close-minded about LLMs hence
               | why I'm taking time out of my Sunday to see what I might
               | be missing. Hence my comment that I don't want to invest
               | time/money in yet-another-LLM just for the "privilege" of
               | debating the merits of LLMs in software engineering. If
               | I'm to invest time/money in another coding LLM, I need a
               | signal, a reason, to _why_ it might be better than
               | Copilot for helping me do my job. Either tell me where
               | Copilot is lacking or where your  "contenders" have the
               | upper-hand. _Why_ is it a  "must" to use
               | Codex/Claude/Gemini other than trustmebro?
        
               | rsynnott wrote:
               | > our projects are far from non trivial
               | 
               | Well, there you go; as they say, it's okay for trivial
               | stuff.
        
               | int_19h wrote:
               | What products and what models have you tried?
        
               | monkaiju wrote:
               | I couldn't tell you because I've kept it at arms length
               | but over the last year our most enthusiastic "AI guy" (as
               | well as another AI-user on the team) has churned through
               | quite a few, usually saying something like "$NEW_MODEL is
               | much better!" before littering garbage PRs all over the
               | project.
        
               | dmix wrote:
               | This is basically just a standard cliche doomer
               | prediction about any new development.
        
           | palmotea wrote:
           | > I only have a meme to describe what we are facing
           | https://imgur.com/a/xYbhzTj
           | 
           | I don't recognize that cartoon and there's no audio. I'm
           | going to need help with that one.
        
             | falloutx wrote:
             | Smiling Friends
        
             | robotnikman wrote:
             | Make sure you click the unmute button, imgur mutes by
             | default it seems.
        
           | weavie wrote:
           | As someone in the UK for whom that link is blocked, I wonder
           | if that meme is doubly apt.
        
             | cedws wrote:
             | Children successfully protected. Nevermind the child
             | groomers on Roblox.
        
         | kryogen1c wrote:
         | The question is not "is it a bubble". Bubbles are a desirable
         | feature of the American experiment. The question is "will this
         | bubble lay the foundation for growth and destroy some value
         | when it pops, or will it only destroy value"
         | 
         | https://www.oaktreecapital.com/insights/memo/is-it-a-bubble
        
           | toomuchtodo wrote:
           | What can we use fields of GPUs for next?
        
             | dragontamer wrote:
             | We can use the GPUs for research (64-bit scientific
             | compute), 3d graphics, a few other things. We programmers
             | will reconfigure them to something useful.
             | 
             | At least, the GPUs that are currently plugged in. A lot of
             | this bullshit bubble crap is because most of those GPUs
             | (and RAM) is sitting unplugged in a warehouse, because we
             | don't even have enough power to turn all of them on.
             | 
             | So if your question is how to use a GPU... I got plenty of
             | useful non-AI related ideas. But only if we can plug them
             | in.
             | 
             | I wouldn't be surprised if many of those GPUs are just
             | e-waste, never to turn on due to lack of power.
        
               | cogman10 wrote:
               | > I wouldn't be surprised if many of those GPUs are just
               | e-waste, never to turn on due to lack of power.
               | 
               | That's my fear.
               | 
               | The problem is these GPUs are specifically made for
               | datacenters, So it's not like your average consumer is
               | going to grab one to put into their gaming PCs.
               | 
               | I also worry about what the pop ends up doing to consumer
               | electronics. We'll have a bunch of manufacturers that
               | have a bunch of capacity that they can no longer use to
               | create products which people want to buy and a huge
               | backstop of second hand goods that these liquidated AI
               | companies will want to unload. That will put chip
               | manufactures in a place where they'll need to get their
               | money primarily from consumers if they want to stay in
               | business. That's not the business model that they've
               | operated on up until this point.
               | 
               | We are looking at a situation where we have a bunch of
               | oil derricks ready to pump, but shut off because it's too
               | expensive to run the equipment making it not worth the
               | energy.
        
               | dragontamer wrote:
               | That's fine. Server is where we programmers are best at
               | repurposing things. Just a bunch of always on boxes doing
               | random crap in the background.
               | 
               | Servers can (and do!!) use 10+ year old hardware.
               | Consumers are kind of the weird the ones who are so
               | impatient they need the latest and greatest.
        
               | themafia wrote:
               | The government is going to use them.
               | 
               | The flock cameras are going to be fed into them.
               | 
               | The bitcoin network will be crashed.
               | 
               | A technological arms race just occurred in front of your
               | eyes for the past 5 years and you think they're going to
               | let the stockpile fall into civilian hands?
        
               | dragontamer wrote:
               | In 2 years the next generation chips will be released and
               | th se chips will be obsolete.
               | 
               | That's truly e-waste. Now in practice, we programmers
               | find uses of 10+ year old hardware as cheap webhosta,
               | compiler/build boxes, Bamboo, unit tests, fuzzers and
               | whatever. So as long as we can turn them on we
               | programmers can and will find a use.
               | 
               | But because we are power constrained, when the more
               | efficient 1.8nm or 1.5nm chips get released (and when
               | those chips use 30% or less power), no one will give a
               | shit about the obsolete stockpile.
        
               | zozbot234 wrote:
               | I assume even really out of date cards and racks will
               | readily find some use, when the present-day alternative
               | costs ~$100k for a single card. Just have to run them on
               | a low-enough basis that power use is not a significant
               | portion of the overall cost of ownership.
        
               | themafia wrote:
               | > will be obsolete.
               | 
               | In what sense? Not competitive for chat bot providers to
               | use? Is that a metric that matters?
               | 
               | > when the more efficient 1.8nm or 1.5nm chips get
               | released
               | 
               | What if they don't get released? You don't have a broad
               | and competitive set of players providing products in this
               | realm. How hard would it be to stop this?
               | 
               | > no one will give a shit about the obsolete stockpile.
               | 
               | You have lived your life with ready access to cutting
               | edge resources. You ever wonder how long that trend could
               | _possibly_ last?
        
               | jdiez17 wrote:
               | I predict there's going to be a niche opening up for
               | companies to recycle the expensive parts of all these
               | compute hardware that AI companies are currently buying
               | and will probably be obsolete/depreciated/replaced in the
               | next 2-5 years. The easiest example is RAM chips. There
               | will be people desoldering those ICs and putting them on
               | DDR5 sticks to resell to the general consumer market.
        
               | throwaway0123_5 wrote:
               | > 3d graphics
               | 
               | Seems like the G in GPU is very obsolete now:
               | 
               | https://www.tomshardware.com/news/nvidia-h100-benchmarked
               | in-...
               | 
               | > As it turns out Nvidia's H100, a card that costs over
               | $30,000 performs worse than integrated GPUs in such
               | benchmarks as 3DMark and Red Dead Redemption 2
        
               | bee_rider wrote:
               | It'll be interesting to see what people come up with to
               | get conventional scientific computing workloads to work
               | on 16 bit or smaller data types. I think there's some
               | hope but it will require work.
        
               | saati wrote:
               | These AI optimized GPUs are criminally bad at 64bit, so
               | no you won't use them for that.
        
             | irishcoffee wrote:
             | It's too bad they're all concentrated in buildings, having
             | been hovered up by the billionaire class.
             | 
             | I would love to live in the world where everyone joins a
             | pool for inference or training, and as such gets the open
             | source weights and models for free.
             | 
             | We could call it: FOSS
        
             | greenchair wrote:
             | cloud gaming?
        
             | mike_hearn wrote:
             | AI, obviously! A bubble doesn't mean demand vanishes
             | overnight. There is - at current price points - much more
             | demand than supply. That means the market can tolerate
             | price hikes whilst keeping the accelerators busy. It seems
             | likely that we're still just at the start of AI demand as
             | most companies are still finding their feet with it, lots
             | of devs still aren't using it at all, lots of business
             | workflows that could be automated with it aren't and so on.
             | So there is scope for raising prices a lot as the high
             | value use cases float to the top, maybe even auctioning
             | tokens.
             | 
             | Let's say tomorrow OpenAI and Anthropic have a huge down
             | round, or whatever event people think would mark the end of
             | the bubble. That doesn't mean suddenly nobody is using AI.
             | It means they have to rapidly reduce burn e.g. not doing
             | new model versions, laying off staff and reducing the comp
             | of those that remain, hiking prices a lot, getting more
             | serious about ads and other monetized features. They will
             | still be selling plenty of inferencing.
             | 
             | In practice the action is mostly taking place out of public
             | markets. We won't necessarily know what's happening at the
             | most exposed companies until it's in the rear view mirror.
             | Bubbles are a public markets phenomenon. See how "ride
             | sharing"/taxi apps played out. Market dumping for long
             | periods to buy market share, followed by a relatively easy
             | transition to annual profitability without ever going
             | public. Some investors probably got wiped along the way but
             | we don't know who exactly or by how much.
             | 
             | Most likely outcome: AI bubble will deflate steadily rather
             | than suddenly burst. Resources are diverted from training
             | to inferencing, new features slow down, new models are
             | weaker and more expensive than new models and the old
             | models are turned off anyway. That sort of thing. People
             | will call it enshittification but it'll really just be the
             | end of aggressive dumping.
        
               | dickersnoodle wrote:
               | "much more demand than supply"? Demand from who?
        
               | joe_fishfish wrote:
               | The demand from middle managers trying to replace their
               | dev teams with Claude Code, mainly.
        
               | DrewADesign wrote:
               | There may not be _that much_ demand at a price that
               | yields profit. Demand at current heavily subsidized "the
               | first dose is always free" prices is not a great
               | indicator unless they find some way to make themselves
               | indispensable for a _lot_ of tasks for a _lot_ of people.
               | So far, they haven't.
        
               | mike_hearn wrote:
               | Yes if/when prices rise there'll be demand destruction
               | but I think demand will keep rising for the foreseeable
               | future anyway even incorporating that. Lower value use
               | cases like vibe coding hobby apps might fall by the
               | wayside because they become uneconomic but the tokens
               | will be soaked up by bigger enterprises that have found
               | ways to properly integrate it at scale into their
               | businesses. I don't mean Copilot style Office plugins but
               | more business-specific stuff that yields competitive
               | advantage.
        
               | DrewADesign wrote:
               | You're just repeating their predictions. Investors are
               | starting to get nervous that there's no real proof these
               | things could justify burning a Mt. Everest sized pile of
               | $100 bills to achieve.
        
               | mike_hearn wrote:
               | Yes it's only a prediction based on what I'm seeing. And
               | I'm not disagreeing with the investors that there's
               | overinvestment right now. Prices need to rise, spending
               | on R&D needs to fall for this stuff to make economic
               | sense. I'm only arguing that there's plenty of demand,
               | and assuming price rises happen smoothly over not _too_
               | short of a period, any demand destruction at the lower
               | levels will be quickly counter-balanced by demand
               | creation at higher value-add levels.
               | 
               | It's also possible non-tech industries just have a
               | collective imagination failure and can't find use cases
               | for AI, but I doubt it.
        
               | DrewADesign wrote:
               | I know there is demand -- I even know a few people in
               | high-level dev roles, one easily in the 99th percentile
               | for pay, that were taken from their regular, important
               | dev tasks to make agents for paying clients.
               | 
               | I'm not worried about the _technology flourishing._ I'm
               | worried about my _fucking retirement,_ know what I mean?
               | The question isn't whether there is demand, it's how much
               | demand there is, because they're betting on having _all_
               | the demand. I don't have a ton of money. People getting
               | this wrong in a way my financial advisor can't
               | outmaneuver is an existential threat to my ability to not
               | live in crumbling public housing in a few decades.
               | 
               | We're talking about this needing to meaningfully move
               | towards making _whole digit percentages of the US GDP_ ,
               | soon. Not only are these initiatives largely
               | unprofitable, they're increasing their expenses based on
               | hopes and vibes. I think a whole lot of people are so
               | focused on short-term gains and being king of the hill
               | that sustainability is a distant afterthought -- just
               | like it was in the .com era. I have zero faith in the
               | current cohort of tech leaders to get this right.
        
               | Krei-se wrote:
               | I find myseld using dumber free models more as they reply
               | instantly and keep me learning.
               | 
               | Some local models run well already too and do the job.
               | Not sure if i would pay any money when a discarded mac
               | can run these just fine already.
               | 
               | This may turn out like trying to make people game over
               | streaming.
        
               | blks wrote:
               | Please respect other users of hacker news and don't
               | generate your replies with LLM
        
               | zozbot234 wrote:
               | FWIW, GP doesn't look like clanker speak to me. It's a
               | bit too smooth and on-point for that.
        
               | mike_hearn wrote:
               | I never use LLMs to write for me (except code).
        
               | blks wrote:
               | Sorry for the false acquisition. Your reply, and your
               | other replies all felt suspicious to me.
        
             | narrator wrote:
             | Anyone who regularly tries to rent GPUs on VPS providers
             | knows that they often sell out. This isn't a market with
             | lots of capacity nobody needs. In the dot.com bubble there
             | was lots of dark fiber nobody was using. In this bubble,
             | almost every high-end GPU is being used fully by someone.
        
             | thefounder wrote:
             | Whatever happened to crypto/blockchain ASICs
        
               | dijit wrote:
               | Nothing happened to them, they're still around; just
               | consolidated into industrial operations.
               | 
               | The "twist" is they rot as e-waste every 18 months when
               | newer models arrive, generating roughly 30,000 metric
               | tonnes of eWaste annually[0] with no recycling programmes
               | from manufacturers (like Bitmain)... which is comparable
               | to the entire country of the Netherlands.
               | 
               | Turns out the decentralised currency for the people is
               | also an environmental disaster built on planned
               | obsolescence. Who knew.
               | 
               | [0]: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pi
               | i/S09213...
        
               | SJC_Hacker wrote:
               | > urns out the decentralised currency for the people is
               | also an environmental disaster built on planned
               | obsolescence. Who knew.
               | 
               | Only proof of work systems, such as Bitcoin. Proof of
               | stake such as Ethereum is a lot less energy intensive
        
               | dijit wrote:
               | ethereum has a similar ewaste problem
        
               | SJC_Hacker wrote:
               | > ethereum has a similar ewaste problem
               | 
               | Is it any worse now than say, the NYSE ?
               | 
               | This reference says energy usage was 0.0026 TWh (2.6 GWh,
               | or 2600 MWh) in a year
               | 
               | https://ethereum.org/energy-consumption
               | 
               | If the power was used over the whole year (and not just
               | one hour)
               | 
               | (2600 MWh / year) / (24 * 365 h/year) = 0.29 MWh = 296
               | kWh. Thats like hair dryer levels of power consumption
               | (if the hair dryver was left on all the time)
        
               | dijit wrote:
               | Why are you even trying to argue energy consumption when
               | the topic is eWaste due to bitcoin ASICs?
               | 
               | Even if we continue down this route, its something like
               | 15% of global stock transactions going through NYSE, per
               | transaction its extremely efficient when compared to
               | Ethereum; but thats not the argument anyway- its that the
               | hardware used for mining is barely useful outside of that
               | use-case, and the shelf-life is very low to boot.
               | 
               | If there was a use-case, we'd have found it by now, since
               | 30,000 Tonnes a year of it ends up in landfills, surely
               | someone would dig it out or buy it if it had utility.
        
             | ornornor wrote:
             | Heating!
        
             | zozbot234 wrote:
             | Can they run Crysis?
        
               | nighthawk454 wrote:
               | Ironically, no
        
           | themafia wrote:
           | > Bubbles are a desirable feature of the American experiment
           | 
           | Wild speculation detached from reality which destroys
           | personal fortunes are not "a desirable feature."
           | 
           | It's only a "desirable feature" to the nihilistic maniacs
           | that run the markets as it's only beneficial to them.
        
             | jdiez17 wrote:
             | > It's only a "desirable feature" to the nihilistic maniacs
             | that run the markets as it's only beneficial to them.
             | 
             | ... and which forces do you think are the core concept of
             | "the American experiment"?
        
             | zozbot234 wrote:
             | The trouble is, you can only tell what was "detached from
             | reality" after the fact. Real-world bubbles must be
             | credible by definition, or else they would deflate smoothly
             | rather than growing out of control and then popping
             | suddenly when the original expectations are dashed by
             | reality.
        
             | kryogen1c wrote:
             | > Wild speculation detached from reality which destroys
             | personal fortunes are not "a desirable feature."
             | 
             | This is not the definition of a bubble, and is specifically
             | contrary to what i said.
             | 
             | A good bubble, like the automobile industry in the example
             | I linked, paves the way for a whole new economic modalit -
             | but value was still destroyed when that bubble popped and
             | the market corrected.
             | 
             | You may think its better to not have bubbles and limit the
             | maximum economic rate of change (and you may be right), but
             | the current system is not obviously wrong and has benefits.
        
           | rubenflamshep wrote:
           | Pretty good article until the bizarre post-script where they
           | fall back on the tired "people derive meaning from their
           | work" for why UBI is bad.
        
             | WalterBright wrote:
             | Meaning or not, UBI doesn't work because the math doesn't
             | work.
             | 
             | > bizarre
             | 
             | It isn't bizarre at all. Without work people devolve into
             | playing video games and smoking pot in their mom's
             | basement.
             | 
             | I remember summer vacations from school. It was great for a
             | while, but soon I was looking forward to getting back to
             | school.
        
               | krapp wrote:
               | >Without work people devolve into playing video games and
               | smoking pot in their mom's basement.
               | 
               | Some people might, others wouldn't. Not everyone is a
               | pot-smoking teenager.
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | People like ice cream, too. But not everyone.
        
               | mlrtime wrote:
               | Yup, there are adults and alcohol too.
        
               | olyjohn wrote:
               | I have been off work for over 6 months now. I have been
               | doing so many projects, and exploring so many places,
               | working out, eating healthy, learning, and spending very
               | little money doing so. I actually even quit smoking pot
               | after doing it daily for 10 years. It's been amazing, and
               | I'd rather never go back to work. I don't get how people
               | can get so bored. There's so much to do and see.
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | Best wishes to you! I'm retired myself, but I work full
               | time (on D). Yale is hosting a symposium on D in April,
               | and I'll be a speaker at it.
        
               | keybored wrote:
               | > Best wishes to you! I'm retired myself, but I work full
               | time (on D).
               | 
               | Why aren't you smoking pot in your basement?
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | I don't like being high.
        
               | tayo42 wrote:
               | I generally agree, but I think for some of the most
               | interesting problems in computer science you need
               | resources that only companies can provide and thats
               | basically work.
        
               | fraserphysics wrote:
               | After free UNIX and Linux became available on affordable
               | home computers, I found it was no longer necessary to be
               | at a company to do interesting projects. That was before
               | 1995.
        
               | mlrtime wrote:
               | What projects? You are starting from a completely
               | different baseline than the average hypothetical UBI
               | recipient.
               | 
               | I think UBI advocates may have a point once you're 2-3
               | generations into some sort of UBI system. But
               | bootstrapping that system is not possible, most people
               | will revert to do nothing of value to society, no
               | projects, nothing.
        
               | phil21 wrote:
               | From my lived experience you are an outlier. Potentially
               | an extreme one at that.
               | 
               | Where I grew up the people who didn't work almost
               | universally turned into consumers of everything and
               | creators of basically nothing. The exceptions were
               | retirees who had a lifetime if work experience prior to
               | their idle years. For those folks it was gardening and
               | other similar hobbies that provided meaning but not much
               | output for society as a whole.
               | 
               | I think if you offered the entire population the ability
               | to do no work other than what they felt like doing,
               | exceedingly few people would be motivated to do the
               | needful. A few more would be motivated to do things like
               | create art and otherwise contribute back to other people
               | but I am thinking along the lines of the 80/20 rule here.
               | 
               | I think our future if we ever figured out automation and
               | UBI looks a lot like Wall-E vs some sort of utopia. In
               | fact I believe that sort of setup is as close to a
               | utopian society as I can imagine being realistic.
               | 
               | I did apartment maintenance for a place where about half
               | the recipients had paid for rent, utilities, and bare
               | necessities provided by the government. It was easy to
               | play the odds and know which apartment was which the
               | moment you stepped foot into one. It's not a perfect
               | correlation to what UBI would look like for many reasons,
               | but it's closer than the average upper middle class
               | suburbanite imagines people will act like if given the
               | opportunity.
        
               | rubenflamshep wrote:
               | > Without work people devolve into playing video games
               | and smoking pot in their mom's basement.
               | 
               | I have no problem finding fulfilling and meaningful
               | projects outside of my work! There are many people like
               | me :)
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | > There are many people like me
               | 
               | I'm sure there are. Doesn't mean most people are like
               | that. Consider retirees. Some find meaningful activities,
               | many just rot away out of not having a purpose.
               | 
               | What percentage of people currently living off of welfare
               | are doing meaningful work?
        
               | danparsonson wrote:
               | > What percentage of people currently living off of
               | welfare are doing meaningful work?
               | 
               | Do you have that number? Do you have any numbers to back
               | up your claims or are you just talking about what works
               | for you?
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | According to google: "Some reports indicate that 26.8% to
               | 28.6% of households on welfare have earned income, which
               | sometimes reflects a focus on households with no work-
               | eligible adults (elderly, disabled)."
        
               | mlrtime wrote:
               | This is human nature, most of humans will revert to a
               | baseline of doing the bare minimum to survive. The rest
               | cannot support that system.
        
               | direwolf20 wrote:
               | Do you do the bare minimum to survive, or do you have
               | excess money left after paying rent and groceries?
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | According to google, "approximately 57% to 67% of
               | American adults are living paycheck to paycheck."
               | 
               | This doesn't mean they are poor. As their income goes up,
               | so does their spending.
               | 
               | Also according to google, "Approximately 60% to 80% of
               | professional athletes face severe financial distress or
               | go broke within a few years of retirement, particularly
               | in the NFL and NBA. Data suggests 78% of NFL players
               | experience financial hardship within two years of
               | retirement, while about 60% of NBA players are broke
               | within five years."
               | 
               | and:
               | 
               | "though often debated, statistic suggests that up to 70%
               | of lottery winners go broke or face financial distress
               | within three to five years, more conservative estimates
               | indicate about one-third (roughly 33%) declare
               | bankruptcy."
               | 
               | Personally, I think that high schools should have a
               | required course in finance and accounting.
        
               | eli_gottlieb wrote:
               | > What percentage of people currently living off of
               | welfare are doing meaningful work?
               | 
               | Most of them, since the vast majority of "welfare"
               | programs exclusively assist people who are in work.
        
               | devmor wrote:
               | Your anecdote is not compliant with reality. Every test
               | of UBI so far shows that people continue to work.
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | I suspect it was because the UBI wasn't enough to live
               | on.
        
               | devmor wrote:
               | So you believe that the entire driving factor of the
               | consumer goods market would mysteriously disappear if
               | people had enough money to not worry about missing rent?
        
               | direwolf20 wrote:
               | Rent is defined as unearned income attracted by a
               | dominant market position. If we wanted people to afford
               | rent it'd be more efficient to set rent to zero by fiat.
        
               | devmor wrote:
               | I agree, but UBI is far more likely to come to fruition
               | than eliminating the majority of the US's largest asset-
               | based speculative market.
        
               | BuyMyBitcoins wrote:
               | There's no way to test UBI without implementing it fully.
               | Any experiment that gives people a no-strings-attached
               | stipend isn't accounting for the fact that the money has
               | a negligible impact on the economy and produces no
               | meaningful change in the workforce. Plus, all of these
               | experiments are time-bound. Participants know the
               | payments will stop.
               | 
               | I also get the feeling that such experiments just prove
               | that giving people money makes them happier. But there's
               | nothing to account for the fact that prices in the market
               | haven't changed, the tax structure hasn't changed, and no
               | goods or services experienced any shortages.
        
               | lII1lIlI11ll wrote:
               | > Every test of UBI so far shows that people continue to
               | work.
               | 
               | I'm not aware of any _realistic_ UBI tests. Could you
               | point me to any?
               | 
               | The ones I'm aware of were either or both:
               | 
               | 1. Time limited, so participants were aware that they
               | needed to still have a job or at least be employable
               | after the experiment has concluded.
               | 
               | 2. Were funded externally, so participants only reaped
               | the benefits of UBI but didn't incur the drawbacks (i.e.
               | didn't have to fund the program by much higher income
               | taxes) which could have discourage them from working.
               | 
               | It was basically a supplementary source of income - money
               | for nothing for a limited time period, not an actual UBI
               | program.
        
               | mlrtime wrote:
               | A test of UBI is not UBI. It's not possible to show how
               | UBI works in a isolated test.
        
               | watwut wrote:
               | Hard working billionaires famous for succesdully working
               | devolved into abuse island, real saltiness over anyone
               | saying sexual harrasment is wrong and basically
               | conspiracy to end democracy.
               | 
               | UBI guy playing games in moms basement comes accross as
               | harmless in comparison.
        
               | keybored wrote:
               | Always such glowing recommendations of human kind from
               | techies.
               | 
               | People devolve like that when they have no purpose or
               | opportunities. Which I'm sure would happen with the real
               | goal of UBI: barely subsistence support in order to grow
               | a larger pool of reserve labor while the rich (who are
               | not degenerate at all[1]) live large.
               | 
               | [1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=46929869
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | America offers a free education for all. People are free
               | to move to anyplace in the country. Historically, people
               | migrated to where the opportunities were. Americans are
               | free to start a business any time.
               | 
               | Purpose, though, comes from within.
        
               | Marazan wrote:
               | > Without work people devolve into playing video games
               | and smoking pot in their mom's basement.
               | 
               | Skill issue
        
               | direwolf20 wrote:
               | It's universal basic income, not universal extensive
               | income. If someone is a minimal drain on society, so
               | what? We have lots of stuff.
        
             | falloutx wrote:
             | governments will collapse before we are at a moment where
             | UBI is needed. Billionaires and companies hardly pay any
             | tax and if white collar jobs die down, there is no
             | guarantee that government will even have money to wipe
             | their butt.
        
             | api wrote:
             | UBI doesn't mean people don't work. It means work is
             | partially decoupled from basic needs.
             | 
             | People would work for two reasons. One is to make extra
             | money and afford a lifestyle beyond what UBI provides. The
             | second is to... do things that are meaningful. If people
             | derive meaning from work then that's why they'll work.
             | 
             | Some people will just sit around on UBI. Those are the same
             | people who sit around today on welfare or dead end bullshit
             | jobs that don't really produce much value.
             | 
             | I'm not totally sold on UBI but there's a lot of shallow
             | bad arguments against it that are pretty easy to dismiss.
        
           | eli_gottlieb wrote:
           | > Bubbles are a desirable feature of the American experiment.
           | 
           | No they're not. You don't get to decide what other people
           | desire.
        
         | zeroonetwothree wrote:
         | Total US GDP is ~31 trillion, so that's only like 5%. I think
         | it's conceivable that AI could result in ~5% of GDP in
         | additional revenue. Not saying it's guaranteed, but it's hardly
         | an implausible figure. And of course it's even less considering
         | global GDP.
        
           | mykowebhn wrote:
           | Have you ever seen US GDP go up 5% yearly for several years?
        
             | matthewaveryusa wrote:
             | That's the bet! last time we had that growth was for a few
             | years during the dotcom, followed by a lost decade of
             | growth in tech stocks
        
             | dkasper wrote:
             | China did it. It's not inconceivable.
        
               | eatsyourtacos wrote:
               | Yeah but China actively works in the best interest of
               | their entire population.
        
               | brutalc wrote:
               | Huh? No they don't.
        
               | direwolf20 wrote:
               | In what way? Bring some substance instead of a vague
               | rebuttal
        
               | b00ty4breakfast wrote:
               | They're for those within the population that are willing
               | to submit themselves to the whim of the state and whose
               | prosperity in some way directly benefits the oligarchs
               | that run the state.
               | 
               | Certainly, as just a few examples, they are not for the
               | well-being of the Uyghar population or pro-democracy
               | activists or journalists investigating human rights
               | violation or supporters of Tibetan independence.
        
               | irishcoffee wrote:
               | Oh and Covid, don't forget Covid.
        
               | direwolf20 wrote:
               | The population's best interest is to never get COVID
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | China's GDP per capita fell for the first 40 years of CCP
               | rule, making it way easier to have constant growth after
               | that period. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_histo
               | ry_of_China_(191...
               | 
               | Developed countries have slow growth because they need to
               | invent the improvements not just copy what works from
               | other countries.
        
               | paulorlando wrote:
               | The chart you listed is for the years before the CCP won
               | the civil war in 1949. But agreed that many of the
               | problems overcome were also problems that were created
               | after the war.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communist-
               | controlled_China_(19...
               | 
               | Starting at 1949 is overly generous IMO, but yes the
               | purges that followed didn't help.
        
               | woooooo wrote:
               | Japan controlled much more of China than the communists
               | did before 1945. And having half your country occupied is
               | bad for GDP. You made a mistake and believed some
               | propaganda here.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | 1945 is before 1949.
               | 
               | Chinese GDP was higher during WWII than over the next
               | several years, the actual minimum 1959 to 1961 was well
               | into communist rule. Literally CCP rule was worse than
               | the anarchy of civically war, it's right up there with
               | the insanity of Pol Pot.
        
               | maxglute wrote:
               | This so historically stupid claim, it's not even wrong
               | tier.
               | 
               | There was no GDP data under KMT - it wasn't even formally
               | calculated.
               | 
               | CCP started GDP calculations, but using soviet MPS GDP
               | accounting system that basically omitted services and
               | lowballed production prices.
               | 
               | The only GDP data we have that is pseudo normalized are
               | via estimates like Maddison project. Even they don't
               | bother to recompose China/KMT data during WW2. The TLDR
               | is prewar peak 1939 data (right before JP invasion)
               | around 288B, PRC took over in 1949, GDP was 245B in 1950,
               | grew to 306B by 1952. GLF tanked GDP from 460b to 350B...
               | i.e. the worst case scenario of GLF floor was still 40%
               | larger than 1950.
               | 
               | E: Note wiki data links to ourworldindata that pulls from
               | Maddison and in table form KMT/WW2 data is not available
               | and only pulling from closest data point 1938/1950 and
               | naively extrapolating per capita. Because KMT data
               | doesn't exist.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | GDP isn't just some arbitrary abstraction it's the amount
               | of goods and services produced by an economy.
               | 
               | At the low end of economic output starvation or the lack
               | thereof is a strong indication of GDP. You do need to
               | adjust for exports and imports but you don't need to have
               | a particularly deep insight into the economy beyond that.
        
               | maxglute wrote:
               | Of course GDP is an arbitrary abstraction, it's literally
               | derived from arbitrary systems of measurement, i.e. why
               | soviet had mps system and west had sna, and each get to
               | decide what to value and how much... arbitrarily... and
               | even when they calculate, a lot of it is guestimate
               | because no one has perfect or even good data, especially
               | 80 years ago in developing countries.
               | 
               | > starvation or the lack thereof is a strong indication
               | of GDP
               | 
               | No that's just an indicator that some cohort starved due
               | to distribution failure. And to be blunt... that cohort
               | was rural / peasants doing mostly subsistence agriculture
               | tier production that do not count much towards GDP. An
               | urban worker in industry can generate 10x GDP surplus
               | than farmers in a commune.
               | 
               | Hence starvation (mostly in rural) has disproportionately
               | less GDP weight vs urban worker productivity. An economy
               | losing millions of peasants while still
               | modernizing/industrializing can easily maintain higher
               | total GDP than peaceful agrarian society. AKA CCP speed
               | running first 5 year plan post WW2 raised the GDP floor
               | so much that they can unalive 10s of millions of peasants
               | and still have higher GDP vs pre/post war which, was
               | incidentally also not peaceful agrarian society, but even
               | messier interregnum shitshow with significantly shit
               | state capacity than relatively unified postwar PRC under
               | CCP. Republican Era KMT (during anarchy/civil war) simply
               | couldn't organize fragmented China to be as productive as
               | PRC under CCP, who can lose millions of peasants with
               | marginal productivity of labour near zero and still do
               | massively better in gdp/economic terms.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | _Between 1954 and 1959, China supplied 160,000 tons of
               | tungsten ore, 110,000 tons of copper, 30,000 tons of
               | antimony, and 90,000 tons of rubber to the Soviet Union._
               | That's how they repaid a loan not through industrial
               | production because their economy wasn't producing
               | significant high value output from raw materials, they
               | couldn't even smelt ore efficiently.
               | 
               | Re-education camps don't generate value. They didn't have
               | a surplus of urban workers instead Mow just destroyed the
               | economy. Killing off the educated doctors etc isn't a
               | free action, it has negative consequences.
               | 
               | China literally had net migration out of cities, so no
               | this wasn't over investment in industry or a distribution
               | issue this was just abject failure and total economic
               | collapse. Total Anarchy would have been better for the
               | economy than Mao.
        
               | woooooo wrote:
               | Both the Soviet and Chinese first few five year plans
               | accomplished the following:
               | 
               | 1. Mass starvation at a few points due to central
               | planning errors
               | 
               | 2. Horrifying purges and paranoia that cannot be excused
               | as "errors"
               | 
               | 3. Achieving mass literacy and a partially industrial
               | economy in a single generation, from a medeival starting
               | point.
               | 
               | Most good Americans who paid attention in civics class
               | learned 1 and 2 very well without truly appreciating 3.
               | 
               | You have to understand that they were coming from a
               | peasant economy where nobody could even read. It's an
               | accomplishment despite Mao's shortcomings and awful
               | deeds. And look at the scoreboard today. Highest GDP by
               | purchasing power parity in the world. Xiaomi cars are
               | nicer than Teslas, only non-American tech industry, high
               | speed rail, etc etc.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | Your 3 is really conflating two different things.
               | 
               | There's a long list of countries that industrialized
               | _more quickly_ without suffering such internal economic
               | issues. The USSR and China suffered because of poor
               | governance not industrialization.
               | 
               | Second, Mass literacy occurs via teaching kids. It has
               | little to do with what the wider economy as seen by both
               | modern and historic literacy rates.
               | 
               | It's been 65 years since the Chinese famine, what
               | actually fixed the country was economic reforms. MAO's
               | death helped but the system simply didn't work so they
               | tried something else.
        
               | maxglute wrote:
               | Not only would total anarchy been worse for economy than
               | Mao, you would struggle to find another developmental
               | model that did as well as Mao. Especially the only
               | comparable size peer, India who objectively did worse,
               | under most developmental metrics.
               | 
               | Between 1954/ 1959 PRC exchanged material for capita
               | goods and Soviet training speed run industrialization.
               | AKA they were turning surplus rocks they couldn't process
               | into machines so they can process non export into capita
               | stock. You know, developing. This economic/history 101.
               | 
               | Mao even including GLF engineered one of the greatest
               | most condensed human uplift effort. World Bank summary of
               | CCP progress from postwar to 70s, i.e. under Mao noted
               | how PRC, relative to developing pears was significantly
               | more industrialized, like 40% vs low income avg 25% share
               | of economy. With matching proxy indicators like 3x energy
               | consumption per capita vs India, 2x literacy, 1/3 infant
               | mortality rate. aka Mao speedrun PRC to middle income
               | industrial levels - GLF one step back, 5 step forward
               | success. State provided services were also assessed to be
               | far more effective in meeting basic needs vs low income
               | peers. Life expectancy 65yrs vs 50yrs (India) for low
               | income... "outstandingly high" in WB remark. WB concludes
               | CCP efforts by late 70s... again Mao's doing left "low-
               | income groups far better off in terms of basic needs than
               | their counterparts in most other poor countries"... "most
               | remarkable achievement during the past three decades".
               | 
               | All the subsequent snowballing from Deng, not possible
               | without Mao building a captive, mobile, diciplined rural
               | workforce with high industrial experience, reeducating
               | masses to be fungible workers for migrant economy.
               | 
               | In retrospect, GLF in fact, close to free action. Post
               | WW2 PRC was so devoid of talent that Mao could depopulate
               | cities and slap doctors around with trivial long term
               | penalty option. Starting proper industrialization, mass
               | mobilizing low end barefoot doctors alone out state
               | capacities GLF/CR missteps and saved more lives than it
               | bled. i.e. even in terms of mortality vs death averted,
               | Mao comes out massively ahead. That +15 years above
               | baseline life expectancy x 1000 billion new births is
               | about ~200m lives worth. This not accounting averted
               | deaths of countries who started similarly but did not
               | poverty / malnutrition alleviate early enough, i.e. India
               | generating GLF deaths every few years over decades. That
               | averted another 200m deaths. Most of this attributed to
               | Mao speedrunning nation building did actually solve
               | famine after GLF via all the infra built. Something that
               | historically every Chinese polity had to worry about.
               | 
               | Any leader who improved HDI for as much people in as
               | short of a time as Mao would have been given a Nobel
               | Economics Prize and Nobel Peace Prize. Fixating on spike
               | of deaths at PRC scale is boring libtard innumeracy, i.e.
               | ~4% which plenty of leaders of matched/exceeded. Not nice
               | but completely valid to treat human resources as resource
               | and trade for long term gains. Mao increased PRC
               | industrial output by like 30x, from macro economic
               | utilitarian, HDI trend line goes up, PRC brrrting growth,
               | dead peasants and sad elites simply doesn't fucking
               | matter, it's minor shock to overall system capacity which
               | Mao built so much in so fast that it raised aggregate
               | Chinese HDI above most peers even if it also broke a few
               | millions of eggs.
        
               | csomar wrote:
               | GDP _is_ an arbitrary abstraction:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imputed_rent
               | 
               | We could have simply _not_ calculated imputed rent (or
               | all of rents).
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | Even in a society of 1 person that person would prefer to
               | live in a mud hut than outside getting rained on.
               | Ignoring imputed rent ignores that value and therefore is
               | objectively wrong.
        
               | fatherwavelet wrote:
               | In 1979, median income in China was $100 USD a year.
               | 
               | In 1979, median income in the US was $16,530 USD a year.
               | 
               | Not exactly an apples to apples comparison.
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | Did China really do it though? We can clearly see that
               | China has achieved huge economic growth since Deng
               | Xiaoping took control. But the specific numbers can't be
               | attempted to be believed. Communist Party officials at
               | every level heavily manipulate the official economic data
               | to meet their annual goals and no independent auditing is
               | allowed.
        
               | hyperbovine wrote:
               | By pulling ten million people a year from farms into
               | factories and ploughing 40% of GDP into infrastructure
               | and education. Sounds like a sound analogy to me.
        
             | geysersam wrote:
             | Doesn't have to go up. It's also fine if they replace other
             | parts of the economy.
        
               | johnvanommen wrote:
               | exactly.
        
               | mwwaters wrote:
               | In the expenditures for the economy making up GDP, not a
               | lot of it screams "AI-able." Page 9 here breaks down GDP
               | on expenditure basis.
               | 
               | https://www.bea.gov/sites/default/files/2026-01/gdp3q25-u
               | pda...
               | 
               | Given how much of the spending is hard goods and simply
               | not AI-able (rent, most of housing new construction, most
               | of other goods, most health care, much of other
               | services), the replacement theory would require a massive
               | displacement.
        
             | crazygringo wrote:
             | The quote is about a one-time increase in growth of 5
             | percentage points. Not multiple years or forever.
             | 
             | Or obviously it can be spread out, e.g. ~1% additional
             | increase over 5 years.
        
               | blks wrote:
               | It cannot be sustained with just one-time growth. Capital
               | always has to grow, or it will decrease. If this bubble
               | actually manages to deliver interest, this will lead to
               | the bubble growing even larger, driving even more
               | interest.
        
           | lowbloodsugar wrote:
           | You're saying that the entire increase in US GDP goes into
           | the pockets of like 5 companies.
        
             | johnvanommen wrote:
             | Or we're seeing a world where corporations dwarf countries.
             | 
             | Apple will be around in a hundred years.
             | 
             | Will the USA?
        
               | whattheheckheck wrote:
               | Is like the transition from monarchies to nation states.
               | 
               | By the 19th century, the rise of nation-states
               | accelerated due to the spread of nationalism, the decline
               | of feudal structures, and the unification of countries
               | like Germany (1871) and Italy (1861). Centralized
               | governments, uniform laws, national education systems,
               | and a sense of collective identity became defining
               | features. The French Revolution (1789) played a pivotal
               | role by promoting citizenship, legal equality, and
               | national sovereignty over dynastic rule
               | 
               | Maybe in 2300 they'll say something similar about
               | nationalism
        
               | johnvanommen wrote:
               | Yes!
               | 
               | The world is changing fast.
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | Tech companies never last. Apple will miss a disruptive
               | innovation or make a key strategic error causing them to
               | lose their dominant spot. Look at the top tech companies
               | 50 years ago: how are they doing today?
        
               | bdangubic wrote:
               | There is exactly 0.00% chance Apple will be around in 50
               | years let alone 100.
        
           | crazygringo wrote:
           | Yup. If you follow the links to the original JP Morgan quote,
           | it's not crazy:
           | 
           | > _Big picture, to drive a 10% return on our modeled AI
           | investments through 2030 would require ~$650 billion of
           | annual revenue into perpetuity, which is an astonishingly
           | large number. But for context, that equates to 58bp of global
           | GDP, or $34.72 /month from every current iPhone user..._
        
             | doodlebugging wrote:
             | > or $34.72/month from every current iPhone user...
             | 
             | As a current iPhone user, I'm not signing up for that
             | especially if it is on top of the monthly cell service fee.
             | 
             | I do realize though that you were trying to provide useful
             | context.
        
               | manwe150 wrote:
               | But think about it this way: something simple like Slack
               | charges $9/month/person and companies already pay that on
               | many behalf. How hard would it be to imagine all those
               | same companies (and lots more) would pay
               | $30/month/employee for something something AI? Generating
               | an extra $400 per year in value, per employee, isn't that
               | much extra.
        
               | zozbot234 wrote:
               | That AI will have to be significantly preferable to the
               | baseline of open models running on cheap third-party
               | inference providers, or even on-prem. This is a bit of a
               | challenge for the big proprietary firms.
        
               | johnvanommen wrote:
               | > the baseline of open models running on cheap third-
               | party inference providers, or even on-prem. This is a bit
               | of a challenge for the big proprietary firms.
               | 
               | It's not a challenge at all.
               | 
               | To win, all you need is to starve your competitors of
               | RAM.
               | 
               | RAM is the lifeblood of AI, without RAM, AI doesn't work.
        
               | ndriscoll wrote:
               | Assuming high bandwidth flash works out, RAM requirements
               | should be drastically reduced as you'd keep the weights
               | in much higher capacity flash.
               | 
               | > Sample HBF modules are expected in the second half of
               | 2026, with the first AI inference hardware integrating
               | the tech anticipated in early 2027.
               | 
               | https://www.tomshardware.com/tech-industry/sandisk-and-
               | sk-hy...
        
               | fc417fc802 wrote:
               | How does HBF compare to the discontinued 3D XPoint?
        
               | zozbot234 wrote:
               | HBF is NAND and integrated in-package like HBM. 3D XPoint
               | or Optane would be extremely valuable today as part of
               | the overall system architecture, but they were power-
               | intensive enough that this particular use probably
               | wouldn't be feasible.
               | 
               | (Though maybe it ends up being better if you're doing
               | lots of random tiny 4k reads. It's hard to tell because
               | the technology is discontinued as GP said, whereas NAND
               | has kept progressing.)
        
               | doodlebugging wrote:
               | Most people in the economy do not use Slack. That tool
               | may be most beneficial to those people who stand to lose
               | jobs to AI displacement. Maybe after everyone is pink-
               | slipped for an LLM or AI chatbot tool the total cost to
               | the employer is reduced enough that they are willing to
               | spend part of the money they saved eliminating warm
               | bodies on AI tools and willing to pay a higher per
               | employee price.
               | 
               | I think with a smaller employee pool though it is
               | unlikely that it all evens out without the AI providers
               | holding the users hostage for quarterly profits' sake.
        
               | johnvanommen wrote:
               | > Generating an extra $400 per year in value, per
               | employee, isn't that much extra.
               | 
               | I agree, and would add that it's contributing to
               | inflation in hard assets.
               | 
               | Basically:
               | 
               | * it's a safe bet that labor will have lower value in
               | 2031 than it has today
               | 
               | * if you have a billion to spend, and you agree, you will
               | be inclined to put your wealth into hard assets, because
               | AI depends on them
               | 
               | In a really abstract way, the world is not responsible
               | for feeding a new class of workers: robots.
               | 
               | And robots consume electricity, water, space, and
               | generate heat.
               | 
               | Which is why those sectors are feeling the affects of
               | supply and demand.
        
               | whattheheckheck wrote:
               | The world IS responsible for handling the people. Thats
               | the whole fucking reason we made society to take care of
               | children. Nothing is inevitable. It serves the interests
               | of the few.
        
               | tjwebbnorfolk wrote:
               | "The world" isn't responsible for anything. The world
               | simply exists, and owes you nothing.
        
               | samrus wrote:
               | What your describing is a low trust society. If you
               | disregard the social contract like that, then people wont
               | owe the "the world" anythign either. Collaboration and
               | civics goes out the window. If you want to look at what
               | kind of a shithole that libertarian nonsense leads to,
               | then try taking a stroll in SF at night
        
               | tjwebbnorfolk wrote:
               | You get out of society what you put into it. If I want a
               | seamless web of deserved trust, then of course I need to
               | contribute to that.
               | 
               | I don't consider that to be saying that society "owes" me
               | something. I regard it mutually beneficial, not some kind
               | of debt/debtor relationship.
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | This is an important framing - we talk so much of
               | "rights" but if you have a right to something, that means
               | someone or someones have a _duty_ to provide it.
        
               | _DeadFred_ wrote:
               | Man I am on the wrong tech site.
               | 
               | Where are all the geeks that grew up on Trek and want to
               | create a better future where society provides for it's
               | citizens?
        
               | direwolf20 wrote:
               | Hacker News is a system for marketing and finding new
               | hires for Y Combinator
        
               | svnt wrote:
               | They are here, following the prime directive.
        
               | latexr wrote:
               | No, no it does not. If we say everyone has a right to
               | clean air and water, no one else has a duty to provide
               | it. Those are given to us _for free_ by the planet. The
               | issue is that rich assholes (and poor assholes who only
               | think of getting rich) take that away from everyone else
               | by polluting what is common to everyone.
        
               | gspr wrote:
               | > I don't consider that to be saying that society "owes"
               | me something. I regard it mutually beneficial, not some
               | kind of debt/debtor relationship.
               | 
               | You know, in phrases like "you owe it to your
               | spouse/sibling/friend/self to...", people aren't talking
               | about formal debt. Please try to keep that kind of
               | meaning in mind when people say that society owes its
               | people.
        
               | blueone wrote:
               | I think they meant "society." Society does, in fact, owe
               | the people something, especially if we, the people, are
               | expected to live by the rules, social norms, and
               | expectations imposed by society.
        
               | tjwebbnorfolk wrote:
               | Yea, like anything, you get out what you put into it. I
               | wouldn't describe that as society "owes" me something.
        
               | CrimsonCape wrote:
               | "No taxation without representation" is a perfectly
               | reasonable stance.
        
               | gspr wrote:
               | What's society for then?
        
               | svnt wrote:
               | Parent was talking about children (npi) -- they don't get
               | out of society what they put into it. Society owes them
               | care for bringing them into it, and if society defaults
               | on this debt then society ends.
        
               | johnvanommen wrote:
               | > Society owes them care for bringing them into it, and
               | if society defaults on this debt then society ends.
               | 
               | Society owes you nothing.
               | 
               | Your premise is false.
        
               | eli_gottlieb wrote:
               | Oh man you're _not_ gonna like how we all treat you after
               | internalizing that kinda talk.
        
               | mahirsaid wrote:
               | humans collectively are responsible for the end results
               | of innovations and achievements , otherwise who are you
               | doing all this for. Wars are a extreme form of
               | disagreements amongst a large body of opposing opinions
               | or perspective IMHO. Earth (world!) simply exists, with
               | or without you. You as Byorganism/Byproduct of this
               | planet you have an obligation to this planet in good
               | deeds. Have you not watched Star-Wars?
        
               | YokoZar wrote:
               | > * it's a safe bet that labor will have lower value in
               | 2031 than it has today
               | 
               | If AI makes workers more productive, labor will have
               | higher value than it has today. Which specific workers
               | are winning in that scenario may vary tremendously, of
               | course, but I don't think anyone is seriously claiming AI
               | will make everyone less productive.
        
               | z2 wrote:
               | The value of labor i.e. wages depend on labor demand (the
               | marginal product of labor) and bargaining power, not
               | output per worker. If AI is a substitute for many tasks,
               | the marginal value of an additional worker, and what a
               | company is willing to pay for their work can fall even if
               | each remaining worker is more productive.
        
               | YokoZar wrote:
               | What you're forecasting is a scenario where total output
               | has substantially increased but no one's hiring or able
               | to start their own business. Instant massive recession is
               | by no means a "sure bet" with technological improvements,
               | especially those that make more kinds of work possible
               | than before.
        
               | z2 wrote:
               | I'm not forecasting that, and it's a virtual strawman in
               | the face of my much narrower claim: that wages depend on
               | marginal labor demand and bargaining power, not average
               | output per worker. If AI substitutes for labor, the
               | marginal value of adding another worker in many roles can
               | fall. That can mean fewer hires or lower wages in some
               | categories, not 'no hiring' or an instant massive
               | recession. I have no idea what the addressable market or
               | demand for our more productive economy is, but for the
               | record I do hope it's high to support new businesses and
               | a bigger pie in general!
        
               | YokoZar wrote:
               | Forgive me, I was responding to the original claim that
               | "it's a safe bet that labor will have lower value in 2031
               | than it has today".
        
               | johnvanommen wrote:
               | It will - and z2 explained why, in response to my post
        
               | johnvanommen wrote:
               | > What you're forecasting is a scenario where total
               | output has substantially increased but no one's hiring or
               | able to start their own business.
               | 
               | I said labor would have "lower value" after AI progresses
               | further and further.
               | 
               | My statement reflects that increased productivity means
               | that fewer people are required to generate the same
               | amount of economic output.
               | 
               | You twisted my statement and said "nobody is hiring."
               | 
               |  _Which isn't what I said._
        
               | jopsen wrote:
               | > My statement reflects that increased productivity means
               | that fewer people are required to generate the same
               | amount of economic output.
               | 
               | People have been singing that since the industrial
               | revolution started.
               | 
               | What makes you think it's different this time? Other
               | times increased productivity yielded fewer people doing
               | what a machine suddenly can do. But never fewer people
               | employed or smaller overall economy.
               | 
               | You can argue that our populations are older than ever
               | before. There aren't enough kids, and consumers are
               | saturated with consumption opportunities.
               | 
               | That's maybe never happened before during the industrial
               | revolution. But it's orthogonal to AI.
        
               | johnvanommen wrote:
               | That's a perfect summary of what I was getting at, thank
               | you
        
               | keybored wrote:
               | > If AI makes workers more productive, labor will have
               | higher value than it has today.
               | 
               | Workers being more productive does not necessarily
               | translate to workers getting more leverage or a larger
               | piece of the pie.
        
               | _DeadFred_ wrote:
               | Tech Company: At long last, we have created Manna from
               | classic sci-fi novel Don't Create Manna
               | 
               | https://marshallbrain.com/manna1
        
               | steveBK123 wrote:
               | $35/iPhone user is not "per corporate white collar
               | worker".
               | 
               | Think outside the coastal high paid SWE bubble and
               | realize vast swathes of people use 5 year old phones on a
               | $25/phone family mobile plan.
               | 
               | Retirees, youth, blue collar, lots of people who don't
               | want/need AI or wouldn't fork out $140 for their family
               | of 4 to access it.
               | 
               | $35/head is a pretty high bar if you compare to per
               | capita total streaming subscriptions across music and
               | movies across all providers for example.
        
               | csomar wrote:
               | $35/head is possible but it has to provide _tangible_
               | value to the user (beyond coding) which many pro-AI
               | people will fail to recognize. People pay a lot for other
               | stuff (ie: like their phone plan). Being digital or
               | physical is not the issue here but the value perceived by
               | the user.
        
               | SoftTalker wrote:
               | They will pay it but lay off the number of employees
               | needed to balance it out, and just expect the remaining
               | ones to make up for it with their new AI subscriptions.
        
               | creative_name3 wrote:
               | A lot of iPhone users will be given a subscription via
               | their job. If they still have a job at that point.
        
               | doodlebugging wrote:
               | This is true though I think even if the employer provides
               | all this on a per employee basis, the number of eligible
               | employees, after everyone who stands to lose a job
               | because of a shift to AI tools, will be low enough that
               | each employee will need to add a lot of value for this to
               | be worth it to an employer so the stated number is
               | probably way too low. Ordinary people may just migrate
               | from Apple products to something that is more affordable
               | or, in the extreme case, walk away from the whole
               | surveillance economy. Those people would not buy into any
               | of this.
        
               | watwut wrote:
               | Why are they not getting the iPhones paid by employers
               | now?
        
               | DrProtic wrote:
               | Why you even said you wouldn't subscribe? It's not
               | relevant in the slightest.
        
               | scotty79 wrote:
               | It could be priced into your appstore purchases like
               | apple 30% cut is and you wouldn't notice.
        
               | doodlebugging wrote:
               | This is true but unfortunately for Apple I don't buy
               | anything from the app store except for a minimal iCloud
               | subscription for temporary photo storage. I am in the
               | process of unwinding that subscription in favor of local
               | storage and periodic sync. I haven't been diligent about
               | syncing things in the past so I did buy a subscription
               | for photo storage to avoid losing photos. I know that
               | lots of people buy apps for all kinds of things. I'm not
               | one of those people though.
        
               | nomercy400 wrote:
               | That's about an extra iPhone every 3-4 years.
        
             | theptip wrote:
             | Personally I would be astonished if LLMs percolating
             | through the global economy doesn't give a 50bp bump from
             | here on out.
             | 
             | Even if scaling hit a wall, commoditizing what we have now
             | would do it. We have so much scaffolding and organizational
             | overhang with the current models, it's crazy.
        
               | SamPatt wrote:
               | Agreed. Applying the intelligence we already have more
               | broadly will have a huge impact. That's been true for a
               | while now, and it keeps getting more true as models keep
               | getting better.
        
             | bunnie wrote:
             | $650bb / ($34.72 * 12 months) = 1.56 billion users.
             | 
             | That's far larger than the population of the USA (unclear
             | to me if that 650bb number is global or USA only) but by
             | sheer scale this is assuming that these companies can
             | collect that fee from a global customer base - including
             | users in developing economies, EU, China, etc. and after
             | the middleman fees are accounted for.
             | 
             | The comments in this thread seem to be thinking within the
             | context of 'the poorest in their nation'. This calculation
             | assumes collecting this fee from among 'the poorest in the
             | world'.
             | 
             | Sure, 1.56bb users could also be interpreted as 'the
             | wealthiest 20% of the world'. But the tail is especially
             | long on this curve given how wealth is concentrated in a
             | small percentage of the global population (1% of users have
             | 50% of wealth).
        
               | nerdix wrote:
               | Microsoft, Google, Apple, Amazon, Nvidia, etc have been
               | able to collect large amounts of revenue from a global
               | customer base so I don't think the assumption was that
               | unreasonable.
               | 
               | Obviously, China will protect its homegrown AI industry.
               | Current geopolitics trending towards US decoupling in
               | Europe might slow it. But under the old status quo, US AI
               | would have been rapidly adopted in the EU (and it still
               | might. It depends greatly on how much of the Trump
               | Doctrine outlasts the current administration).
               | 
               | Developing countries eventually adopt new technologies.
               | First they adopted personal computers and became
               | customers of Microsoft, then they adopted the Internet
               | and became customers of Google, they adopted smartphones
               | and became customers of Apple. Eventually they will adopt
               | AI and become customers of someone. The question is
               | whether it will be US tech or Chinese tech.
        
           | blks wrote:
           | So for that GDP gotta show growth of over 5% extra to other
           | growth sources (so total yearly growth will be pretty high).
           | I doubt this will materialise
        
           | direwolf20 wrote:
           | It's conceivable to us working in white collar knowledge jobs
           | where our input and output is language. Will it also make 5%
           | more homes built by a carpenter?
        
             | bee_rider wrote:
             | It might provide cover to lay off more than 5% of us (the
             | LLM can create a work-like text product that, as far as
             | upper management can tell, is indistinguishable from the
             | real thing!), then we will have to go find jobs swinging
             | hammers to build houses. Well, somebody's got to do it.
        
               | stinkbeetle wrote:
               | The idea that companies need "cover" to perform layoffs
               | (particularly in the US) doesn't make sense to me. Tech
               | companies, all companies lay people off regularly. (To a
               | first order approximation) if a worker is a net positive
               | to a company then the company will want to keep them, and
               | if they are not then the company will want to get rid of
               | them. AI or no AI.
        
               | maigret wrote:
               | I've seen many essential people being laid off for stupid
               | reasons, the gp reason above being part of the story for
               | some. Finance runs the world not tech. Tech is only
               | welcome when it helps finance else it is marginalized.
        
               | direwolf20 wrote:
               | Seems like the cover might be for investors. If a company
               | is shrinking but you don't want investors to know it's
               | shrinking, you can say you're improving productivity with
               | AI.
        
               | stinkbeetle wrote:
               | If a company is shrinking wouldn't investors just see it
               | was shrinking from their financial statements?
        
             | roenxi wrote:
             | That seems pretty reasonable, yes. That is like asking if
             | putting a low-cost Ops Research specialist in every company
             | could make a 5% difference in operations - yes it could.
             | Making resource-efficient decisions is not something that
             | comes naturally to humans and having a system that
             | consistently makes high quality game-theoretic
             | recommendations would be huge.
             | 
             | Bunch of tiny companies would love to hire a mathematician
             | to optimise what they are doing to get a 5-10% improvement.
             | Unfortunately a 5-10% improvement in a small business can't
             | justify the cost of hiring another person, and good
             | mathematicians with business sense and empathy are a rare
             | commodity.
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | If that seems reasonable to you then you don't know
               | anything about residential construction. The problems
               | that homebuilders face aren't amenable to mathematical
               | solutions. They have to deal with permitting issues,
               | corrupt / incompetent government officials, supplier
               | delays, bad weather, flakey workers, etc. The notion of a
               | 5% improvement from LLM is ludicrously naive.
        
               | roenxi wrote:
               | The first 2 are very LLM amenable, the last 3 are very
               | mathematical-solution amenable (optimising around issues
               | like that is basically what Ops Research does). I don't
               | see what your argument is here.
               | 
               | The list of people claiming that maths won't work who
               | then get bulldozed by mathematicians is long.
        
               | direwolf20 wrote:
               | How will the LLM bypass the corrupt government official?
        
               | roenxi wrote:
               | Because they make it much easier to audit what decisions
               | are being made and how reasonable they were. Corruption
               | relies on not being too well known - once people can
               | start pointing to specific decisions rather than a
               | general "we know there is corruption here somewhere" it
               | is hard to sustain.
        
               | hattmall wrote:
               | It's not like people don't know who they are though? It's
               | not some secret formula of who is corrupt. It's everyone
               | that's been in position for any length of time. If you
               | don't yield to the corruption you won't be in your job
               | long. The degree of corruption is variable and perhaps
               | the LLM could find the most efficient wheel to grease and
               | person to lean on but then you just have the next company
               | doing more of the same.
        
               | maigret wrote:
               | LOL are you looking at the news lately. Everything is
               | blatantly in the open now.
        
               | jopsen wrote:
               | Even if you ignore the red tape.
               | 
               | At some point you're stacking bricks and hitting nails.
               | 
               | AI just won't make you stack bricks much faster :)
        
               | jopsen wrote:
               | Lots of jobs like daycare, teachers, cleaning, the
               | material costs are near zero and your ability to increase
               | productivity using technology is very low.
               | 
               | You can reduce quality of cleaning. But it's very hard to
               | clean faster and better at the same time.
               | 
               | These industries are not going to be optimized by an AI.
               | The only optimization is lower overhead or lower
               | salaries.
               | 
               | Sure, we could have robots in daycare, but I don't think
               | lack of AI is why my wife would have concerns :)
        
               | cman1444 wrote:
               | Of course there's jobs that don't have a productivity
               | boost from AI. The question is whether across the entire
               | economy there will be a 5% GDP boost.
               | 
               | Teachers, cleaners, and daycare workers may see 0% gains,
               | but don't be surprised if that is made up for by 10%
               | gains the productivity of tech, law, marketing,
               | advertising, manufacturing, government, etc. (okay maybe
               | not government).
        
               | amunozo wrote:
               | How can advertising and marketing become more profitable
               | from this? It's a genuine question, but I don't see how
               | making advertising and marketing easier for everybody and
               | hence flooding the already flooded market would result in
               | increased productivity.
        
           | turtlesdown11 wrote:
           | I love HN, you can't get stuff like this anywhere else, the
           | DKE from posters here - you can't get it anywhere else!
        
           | pier25 wrote:
           | It's plausible 5-10 years from now. I believe the entire AI
           | revenue in 2025 was like $50B. It's not going to 10x in a
           | year or two.
        
           | nativeit wrote:
           | I'm sorry, but 5% of GDP is an absurd figure. You're saying
           | $1 out of every $20 that does anything in our economy should
           | be on AI? That seems insane to me.
        
             | eviks wrote:
             | No, GDP is not revenue, it's lower
        
           | eviks wrote:
           | It is not a hardly implausible figure given the wide range of
           | human economic activity, that's a common flaw in economic
           | thinking when small percentages of huge numbers seem
           | realistic ("my business plan is modest and will achieve a
           | tiny 0.01% of the global market to become one of the biggest
           | companies in the world, very plausible")
        
         | onion2k wrote:
         | Nvidia invests $100bn in OpenAI, who buy $100bn of Nvidia
         | chips, who invest the $100bn revenue in OpenAI, who buy $100bn
         | in Nvidia chips, and round it goes. That's an easy $600bn
         | increase in tech industry revenue right there.
        
           | dickersnoodle wrote:
           | Someone in management read and misunderstood "The Velocity of
           | Money" (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velocity_of_money)?
        
             | collingreen wrote:
             | Or understood way too well. I promise it isn't Altman that
             | will be left destroyed or jobless if this crashes.
        
           | wiseowise wrote:
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=37395566
        
             | sssilver wrote:
             | An important thing that this joke misses is that both
             | economists now also owe federal income tax and social
             | security tax.
        
               | TedDoesntTalk wrote:
               | Were the payments considered income?
        
               | direwolf20 wrote:
               | Yes, but they just didn't tell the IRS and nobody was any
               | the wiser
        
               | jermaustin1 wrote:
               | Yes, but they were under the 1099 reporting limits, while
               | they both owe taxes on them, neither were required to
               | report it to the IRS... assuming this is the one and only
               | time they paid each other for services rendered.
        
               | RobotToaster wrote:
               | If they routed the payments through a shell company it
               | would be written off as business entertainment expenses.
        
             | satvikpendem wrote:
             | The replies explain all there is to explain in that
             | example. If each economist thinks that eating shit is worth
             | $100 then, well, that's what it's worth.
        
               | latexr wrote:
               | It is fascinating that someone can tell an obvious joke
               | with an obvious point, where the characters themselves
               | spell out what's wrong, and yet we can be certain someone
               | will genuinely believe and defend that "no no, actually
               | eating a random pile of shit you found on the floor makes
               | sense and is worth it".
               | 
               | Has it occurred to you, especially since one of the
               | economists in the joke admits they feel they ate shit for
               | nothing, that they actually do not feel the exercise was
               | worth it? Have you never spent money on something,
               | _thinking_ it would be worth it, then afterwards realised
               | it was a waste of money? Have you also never taken a job
               | and then realised "I didn't charge enough for the
               | trouble"?
               | 
               | I'm reminded of a bit of news I heard a while back, where
               | one teenager challenged a friend to eat rat shit they
               | found on the street. The eater died shortly after,
               | because the poop contained rat poison. I doubt any of
               | them found it worth it.
        
               | charcircuit wrote:
               | It's not an obvious joke. It seems closer to a puzzle in
               | that the reader must discover that the $100 was for
               | entertainment. This is a common class of puzzle where
               | money changes hands between two people and results in a
               | surprising conclusion.
        
               | wiseowise wrote:
               | Bro, there's something really wrong with your head if you
               | seriously believe that the gist of the story is "eating
               | shit is entertainment".
        
               | charcircuit wrote:
               | A better gist may be the value of entertainment is
               | temporary.
               | 
               | If instead it was just one person and they went to a
               | movie theater. If you ignore the entertainment value it
               | may just look like the person through away the admission
               | cost.
        
               | fauigerzigerk wrote:
               | It's a political joke that uses a rhetorical sledge
               | hammer to make it impossible to defend a particular
               | principle. Is it so surprising that someone will still
               | defend the principle?
        
           | nosuchthing wrote:
           | Mass layoffs and the wellness camp industry will easily
           | account for $600+ billion a year in contracts, for at least a
           | few years.
           | 
           | https://www.teenvogue.com/story/rfk-wellness-farms-us-
           | disabi...
        
           | scotty79 wrote:
           | Either Nvidia eventually runs out of chips for OpenAI to buy
           | or OpenAI runs out of equity Nvidia can buy.
        
             | RobotToaster wrote:
             | The chips OPEN AI is buying don't even exist, they're
             | hypothetical chips that will potentially exist at some
             | point in the future.
        
               | scotty79 wrote:
               | Even future chips might run out. But I think OpenAI will
               | run out of equity to sell first. Even tough they can
               | print it, it gets dilluted.
        
           | rogerthis wrote:
           | Smells like "Banco Master" (Brazil) scandal.
        
           | suhputt wrote:
           | investment is not revenue tho... this is equivalent to nvidia
           | buying its own chips...
        
             | 9rx wrote:
             | It is equivalent under scrutiny, but casually looking the
             | books and seeing Nvida making a sale to Nvida sticks out
             | like a sore thumb a lot more than Nvida making a sale to
             | OpenAI. The latter is much more likely to pass as revenue.
        
           | DavidPiper wrote:
           | The classic "Where's the $20 you owe me?" sketch:
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s-ycvJC-qIQ
        
             | knose wrote:
             | am i wrong to think that this sketch isn't at all
             | applicable (besides the surface level joke of money being
             | passed around) to the ai bubble or ""modern banking"" as
             | mentioned in the youtube comments? i keep seeing it
             | referenced like it is an explanation of some crazy
             | conspiracy thing, so i don't know if i just don't get it.
        
               | theyjbfjvuncf wrote:
               | No it's actually perfect.
               | 
               | GDP measures exchange of money with the assumption that
               | this is a proxy for actual economic output... except
               | cases like this where monetary exchanges like this which
               | accomplish nothing.
        
               | knose wrote:
               | i assume the joke is that the three stooges are too
               | stupid to realize that because they all owe each other
               | $20 there is no debt, and they show this by accident by
               | passing a $10 dollar bill around until it ends up back
               | with larry. it says nothing about GDP.
        
         | mullingitover wrote:
         | I read "Devil Take the Hindmost: A History of Financial
         | Speculation" last year, and the current AI bubble is like
         | getting a front row seat to the next edition being written.
         | 
         | The _really_ stupid bubbles end up getting themselves
         | metastasized into the public retirement system, I 'm just
         | waiting for that to start any day now.
        
           | chasd00 wrote:
           | > The really stupid bubbles end up getting themselves
           | metastasized into the public retirement system, I'm just
           | waiting for that to start any day now.
           | 
           | Not sure what you mean exactly but every single 401k is tied
           | into this.
        
         | rishabhaiover wrote:
         | > "must collect an extra $650 billion in revenue every year"
         | paired with the idea that automating knowledge work can cause a
         | short-term disruption in the economy doesn't seem logical to
         | me.
         | 
         | I find it funny that Microsoft is scaling compute like crazy
         | and their own products like Copilot are being dwarfed by the
         | very models they wish to serve on that compute.
        
         | belter wrote:
         | I run the numbers on hyperscaler AI capex and the math is not
         | going to work out.
         | 
         | With these assumptions:
         | 
         | - Big 4 keep spending at current pace for 3 more years
         | 
         | - Returns only start showing after aprox 2 years
         | 
         | - Heavy competition with around 20% operating margin on AI and
         | Cloud
         | 
         | - Use of 9% cost of capital
         | 
         | This is the current reality:
         | 
         | AWS aprox $142B/yr
         | 
         | Azure aprox $132B/yr
         | 
         | Google Cloud around $71B/yr
         | 
         | Combined its about $330B to $340B annual cloud revenue today
         | 
         | And lets says Global public cloud market of $700B total today.
         | 
         | To justify the current capex trajectory under those
         | assumptions, by year 3 the big hyperscalers would need roughly
         | $800B to $900B in new annual revenue just to earn a normal
         | return on the capital being deployed.
         | 
         | That implies combined hyperscaler cloud and AI revenue going
         | from: $330B today to $1.2T within 3 years :-))
         | 
         | In other words...Cloud would need to roughly do 4x in a very
         | short window, and the incremental revenue alone would exceed
         | the entire current global cloud market.
         | 
         | So for the investment wave to make financial sense, at least
         | one of these must be true:
         | 
         | 1 Cloud/AI spending globally explodes far beyond all prior
         | forecasts
         | 
         | 2 AI massively increases revenue/profit in ads, software,
         | commerce and not just cloud
         | 
         | 3 A winner takes all outcome where only 1 or 2 players earn
         | real returns
         | 
         | 4 Or a large share of this capex never earns an economic return
         | and is defensive
         | 
         | People keep modeling this like normal cloud growth. But what we
         | have is insanity
        
           | johnvanommen wrote:
           | > That implies combined hyperscaler cloud and AI revenue
           | going from: $330B today to $1.2T within 3 years :-))
           | 
           | You're ignoring the fact that gaming is going to the cloud.
           | 
           | That industry is bigger than Hollywood.
           | 
           | Desktop computers will invariably follow.
           | 
           | The RAM shortage will drive the transition.
           | 
           | For instance, my wife uses her personal laptop about four
           | days a year.
           | 
           | People like that won't be buying personal desktops or
           | laptops, five years from now. The RAM shortage will drive a
           | transition into thin clients.
           | 
           | I already see it with our kids. They use an iPhone, unless
           | they need to type. Then they use an iPad with a BT keyboard.
        
             | kg wrote:
             | Even if gaming goes to the cloud, how are they going to run
             | the massive existing library of video games on the
             | dedicated AI inference hardware that everyone is buying
             | right now? Seems like that pivot would require even more
             | spending.
        
               | devmor wrote:
               | And how are they going to get sub-5ms round trip latency
               | into the average consumer's home to avoid people
               | continuing to see cloud gaming as a janky gimmick that
               | feels bad to use?
        
             | turtlesdown11 wrote:
             | What amount of the gaming industry do you think will go to
             | AI providers and not game developers?
             | 
             | You think we'll replace gaming and desktop computers into
             | the cloud in the timeline of the poster above (2-4 years?)
             | 
             | Just not realistic.
        
             | qwertycrackers wrote:
             | Cloud gaming is crap and any actual gamer will tell you
             | that. The niche of gamers casual enough to not care about
             | playing over network latency but serious enough to pay real
             | money for cloud gaming is microscopic.
        
               | toephu2 wrote:
               | It's not 2023 anymore. Have you tried cloud gaming in
               | 2026? I can barely tell it's connected to the cloud.
        
               | amlib wrote:
               | Yes, it's amazing because it's streaming directly from a
               | computer in the room behind me. :)
        
               | johnvanommen wrote:
               | And the increases in network speed are one of the last
               | bastions of Moores Law.
        
               | SJC_Hacker wrote:
               | > nd the increases in network speed are one of the last
               | bastions of Moores Law.
               | 
               | Throughput has increased but latency hasn't changed much
               | 
               | Latency hasn't decreased substantially since the late 90s
               | when I remember getting sub 50 ms ping in Quake III from
               | my dorm room in college
        
               | jkrejcha wrote:
               | I'm not surprised; you need a lot more servers and even
               | so, there are a lot of places where something low ping
               | times is difficult. While there is a lot of room for
               | latency to go down, 1 lightmillisecond is ~300 km (~186
               | mi). This means that if a computer is 150 km away, 1 ms
               | is the minimum ping allowed by physics, if I am talking
               | directly to it.
               | 
               | By that yardstick, we've actually done very well in a lot
               | of cases. :)
        
               | flyinglizard wrote:
               | Speed of light doesn't adhere to Moore's law :) and it's
               | made worse by the fact most everyone connects via WiFi
               | these days and it alone adds a few ms more.
        
               | WarmWash wrote:
               | >The niche of gamers casual enough to not care about
               | playing over network latency
               | 
               | In the saddest way possible, the niche of gamers are
               | people playing on desktops with ethernet connections.
               | 
               | The majority of gamers are buying booster packs on mobile
               | games.
        
               | int_19h wrote:
               | Yes, but that majority doesn't need cloud gaming
               | precisely because those games run just fine on their
               | phone - there's no benefit in putting them in the cloud,
               | that was supposed to be for fancy stuff where you need a
               | beefy GPU for the eye candy.
        
             | api wrote:
             | The RAM shortage is extremely temporary. It'll last as long
             | as it takes for new capacity to come online. RAM shortages
             | and price spikes have happened many times before.
             | 
             | Eventually China will catch up in EUV fabrication and flood
             | the market with cheap silicon. When that happens a terabyte
             | of RAM will cost what 128gb costs now.
        
             | kmbfjr wrote:
             | That may be true, but all of this can be done today without
             | the massive capex and without "AI".
        
           | coffeemug wrote:
           | Azure revenue is growing at 39% year over year. If Microsoft
           | can sustain this growth, in four years Azure will be ~3.73x
           | its current size. This is of course very difficult, but you
           | really don't need a deus ex machina to hit 4x growth under
           | your assumptions.
        
             | mwwaters wrote:
             | The issue in the late-90s was all the investment created a
             | lot of real revenue for telecoms and other companies. Even
             | though there were a lot of shenanigans with revenue, a lot
             | of real money was spent on fiber and tech generally.
             | 
             | But the real money was investment that didn't see a return
             | for the investor. The investments needed to have higher
             | final consumption (such as through better productivity or
             | through displacing other costs) to pay back the investment.
        
         | kristianp wrote:
         | If 1 or 2 of the 5 big spenders starts having big losses,
         | things will be interesting. Their market caps will be a
         | fraction of the current overinflated values.
         | 
         | Meanwhile Apple is only spending 1 billion a year to use
         | Google's models.
        
         | mahirsaid wrote:
         | It's crazy to me how many flags are being thrown in this
         | investment spree. Repeating the same mistakes as before (2000).
         | Big companies will be hit hard when they can't show for what
         | they spent shareholders money on. The run will be large and
         | impactful.
        
           | mahirsaid wrote:
           | If you analyze what's happening right now in the tech
           | industry, you can't help but to think of something deeper
           | than what's being talked about in plain sight. There is a
           | clear panic amongst the large tech firms. the root cause of
           | the panic is still unclear, simply saying these companies
           | want to be the first in this new revolution isn't enough to
           | draw conclusion. Amongst the top tech firms there still sits
           | the original founders whom as we all know changed the way we
           | live life today. Saying they are misunderstanding what's
           | happening right now and they're are foolish, is to simple of
           | an understatement. They of all people in the world would know
           | it's a bad idea to go all in, in this manner. The underlying
           | competing nature of this whether it has to do with China or
           | other competing markets are not being talked about, and not
           | just that " what exactly is the strategy here?"
        
             | devmor wrote:
             | > They of all people in the world would know it's a bad
             | idea to go all in, in this manner.
             | 
             | Or this kind of financial crash is exactly what they want.
             | If they can drive the markets to failure, only the largest
             | companies can hold on - and acquire more of the failing
             | companies in the process.
        
               | mahirsaid wrote:
               | Day-by-day it seeming this way. They seem to want to
               | flush out the remaining competitors. dedicators are old
               | news, umbrella corporation(tm) is the new form of
               | totalitarian/authoritarianism.
        
           | antonvs wrote:
           | > Repeating the same mistakes as before (2000).
           | 
           | The issue is that every company in a position to do so is
           | trying to stake a claim in a new market. Not every company
           | will win. No-one has a surefire way of identifying "mistakes"
           | ahead of time.
           | 
           | What alternative do you think would work better, short of
           | central planning?
        
             | RicoElectrico wrote:
             | Interest rates have been comically low for way too long.
             | This alone would change a lot, favoring labor over capital
             | and more sustainable growth.
        
               | Cheezmeister wrote:
               | Had been**. Still low, but we aren't laughing anymore.
               | https://www.macrotrends.net/2015/fed-funds-rate-
               | historical-c...
               | 
               | Do high interest rates not, by definition, favor capital
               | over labor?
        
         | WarmWash wrote:
         | It tells you that 500 million people will be paying $60-$80/mo
         | for AI. Something they find as indispensable as a cell phone or
         | internet bill.
         | 
         | The numbers actually work really well, (un)fortunately.
        
           | anonymous908213 wrote:
           | I don't know how you can write down those numbers and come to
           | the conclusion they sound reasonable at all. Corporations
           | literally can't give this trash away for free without
           | consumers being unhappy about it (eg. the Copilot malware
           | infesting every aspect of Windows). ChatGPT had 800m MAU at
           | one report, but that's a chat interface and free. Do you
           | really believe over half of those users are going to convert
           | from "free" to paying $60/mo for access to the chat
           | interface, when all potential applications for actually
           | improving their lives are failing badly? I think you are out
           | of touch with the finances of non-tech-indsutry workers if
           | you think they will.
        
             | jgalt212 wrote:
             | > ChatGPT had 800m MAU at one report, but that's a chat
             | interface and free. Do you really believe over half of
             | those users are going to convert from "free" to paying
             | $60/mo for access to the chat
             | 
             | Even if these things worked great for everyone, the percent
             | of free uses who convert to paid users is low single digits
             | per cent. For OpenAI to have any chance of breaking even in
             | the consumer space, they need to develop an ad biz that
             | makes around 20-25% of G does. That's a tall order in that
             | G doesn't make good dough from search anymore as SERP page
             | clicks are down 80% with AI summaries being good enough for
             | most.
        
               | lopis wrote:
               | And let's not forget that for the bubble to sustain
               | itself, people would currently use different LLMs would
               | need to create a separate account in each one. There's
               | absolutely no way most people will be paying more than
               | one LLM unless they have a lot of disposable income.
        
             | WarmWash wrote:
             | I don't know a single person in my (non-tech!) life that
             | doesn't use AI, shy of toddlers and geriatric people.
             | 
             | The famous MIT study (95% of AI initiatives fail, remember
             | that one?) actually found that pretty much every worker was
             | using AI almost daily, but used their personal accounts
             | (hence the corporate ones not being used).
             | 
             | If you are brand new to the tech world, and this is your
             | first new product cycle, the way it works is that there is
             | a free-cool-we're-awesomely-generous phase, and then when
             | you are hooked and they are entrenched, the real price
             | comes to fruition. See...pretty much every tech start-up
             | burning runway cash.
             | 
             | Right now they are getting us hooked, and like the
             | dumbasses consumers are, they will become totally dependent
             | and think it will stay this cheap.
        
               | enraged_camel wrote:
               | A good way to think about it is that ChatGPT is well on
               | its way to becoming a verb like Google did. Doesn't roll
               | off the tongue as easily but in terms of brand awareness
               | it feels ubiquitous.
        
               | hattmall wrote:
               | I use AI frequently. I am frequently let down.
               | Occasionally satisfied and very rarely impressed. My
               | results seem typical for everyone else I know. It's a
               | free and widely promoted tool that has the potential to
               | be useful, of course people will use it. The features I
               | find most useful, is not providing me new knowledge. It's
               | formalizing something I wrote or summarizing some other
               | text, that I am going to read anyway or can at least
               | reference as needed and confirm the output. This is also
               | where the local models Excel.
               | 
               | I also often see people post AI generated advice and
               | answers that are simply incorrect in Facebook groups and
               | get roasted with 100s of people chiming in on how you can
               | trust ChatGPT.
               | 
               | I just can't see regular people are going to pay more
               | than (NetFlix + HBO + Prime + WM+) for an AI
               | subscription. I think you would see tons of competitors
               | pop up if that were at all viable.
        
               | hunterpayne wrote:
               | > actually found that pretty much every worker was using
               | AI almost daily
               | 
               | What they found is that people search the Internet for
               | things and an AI bot is right there. What they didn't
               | find is people using Vibe coded apps, learning from AI or
               | buying AI services. They did find companies buying AI
               | services, but as an experiment. Also, blaming AI is easy
               | when someone messes up and costs a customer or sale. The
               | more that happens, the sooner the company stops
               | experimenting. If that happens in a widespread way, then
               | this bubble collapses.
        
               | hackable_sand wrote:
               | You sound very naive.
        
               | jasonfarnon wrote:
               | "If you are brand new to the tech world, and this is your
               | first new product cycle, the way it works is that there
               | is a free-cool-we're-awesomely-generous phase, and then
               | when you are hooked and they are entrenched, the real
               | price comes to fruition. See...pretty much every tech
               | start-up burning runway cash."
               | 
               | That has indeed been the strategy, but it's not like it
               | always or even usually works out. We've seen plenty of
               | companies that try to raise their prices and people
               | aren't hooked. (Though I am almost certain in this case
               | at least professionals if not the general public will
               | indeed be hooked.)
        
               | rossdavidh wrote:
               | If you really don't know a single such person, you live
               | in a very odd bubble. I know lots of people who used
               | ChatGPT a lot when it first came out, found it funny and
               | occasionally useful, then changed their mind to just
               | finding it funny occasionally, and then eventually
               | stopped because it wasn't that useful and was no longer
               | funny.
               | 
               | None of them ever considered getting a paid account, nor
               | would they have. I'm not saying nobody will, but if you
               | actually don't know any such people then there is
               | something unusual about the crowd you run with.
        
             | keybored wrote:
             | > I don't know how you can write down those numbers and
             | come to the conclusion they sound reasonable at all.
             | 
             | Half this board is in the most hyped echo chamber I've ever
             | seen.
        
           | jgalt212 wrote:
           | fair enough, but the consumer is already stretched. So where
           | is this $60-80 per month X 500MM consumers coming from?
        
             | WarmWash wrote:
             | Consumer spending is strong and growing, don't listen to
             | dregs milking upvotes on the internet, people will easily
             | come up with 4-5 hours of minimum wage pay in a month to
             | cover the cost of the thing they use many times a day.
        
               | SoftTalker wrote:
               | I don't use AI for anything in my private life, only at
               | work. And I can't really imagine what it could do for me.
               | In no scenario am I paying a monthly subscription for it.
        
               | WarmWash wrote:
               | I know someone who doesn't have a smart phone
        
               | superb_dev wrote:
               | I don't know how this can be true when almost everyone I
               | know is struggling right now
        
               | ddtaylor wrote:
               | Two tier economy
        
           | wasmainiac wrote:
           | Wait how? Show your work. I still see at least a $600bn gap.
           | 
           | > Something they find as indispensable as a cell phone or
           | internet bill.
           | 
           | Source?
        
             | wasmainiac wrote:
             | Why not reply than just downvote? Seems cowardly.
        
           | ranguna wrote:
           | 500,000,000*80=40,000,000,000
           | 40,000,000,000/650,000,000,000=0.06
           | 
           | If I understood you correctly and my math is correct, your
           | suggestions only cover 6% of 650 billion, the news is
           | suggesting AI companies need more than 10x more. So either
           | it's 5 billion people paying 60-80, or 500 million people
           | paying 600-800/month, or something in between + a little
           | extra.
        
             | richrichardsson wrote:
             | Isn't the 650 billion required per year, so the monthly
             | cost is automatically 12x
        
             | WarmWash wrote:
             | The payback period would be 5-10 years at those
             | prices($60-$80/mo), which is pretty normal.
        
           | 9cb14c1ec0 wrote:
           | No, they won't be. Inference costs will continue to drop, and
           | subscription prices will follow as AI is increasingly
           | commoditized. There are 6 different providers in the top 10
           | models on openrouter. In a commoditized market, there will be
           | no $60/month subscriptions.
        
         | raincole wrote:
         | It sounds about right. Coffee's global revenue is $500b/yr. I
         | can totally imagine AI brings twice or more than that.
        
           | mrweasel wrote:
           | That's not unreasonable, but if you can't do it without
           | losing money then there's going be a problem.
           | 
           | The problem isn't that AI/LLMs can't be useful or generate
           | revenue, the problem is still the cost. We're no where near
           | production ready AI, it can sort of do coding and some
           | medical stuff, but we're not at a level of technology where
           | the potential is fully realized. How much are investors
           | willing to pour into more research?
           | 
           | We looking at OpenAI contemplating ads and erotic chatbots.
           | That's not a successful business who have those ideas for
           | profit generation.
           | 
           | Revenue is pointless without eventual profit.
        
         | throw_llm wrote:
         | On the other hand many who work on AI refer to it as 'building
         | God' so all things taken together, it's all reasonable.
        
           | glouwbug wrote:
           | God was a dream of good government
        
         | echelon wrote:
         | > JPMorgan calculated last fall that the tech industry must
         | collect an extra $650 billion in revenue every year
         | 
         | If you take half the software engineers in the US and replace
         | them with AI, you're halfway there. And why stop with software?
         | 
         | There's a reason for the fervor and excitement of these
         | companies.
         | 
         | The positive outlook is that you don't fire folks - they have
         | even more work to do. But we'll see how it pans out in
         | practice.
        
           | sensanaty wrote:
           | But who's going to be buying any of these products if
           | everyone is out of a job? Other rich people?
           | 
           | Sure I assume there's a good market there, luxury yachts
           | exist after all, but what is a company like Netflix going to
           | do when people are too poor to even afford the streaming
           | services that cost 10 bucks a month?
           | 
           | Not to get conspiratorial, but the only logical thing for me
           | here is that They want as many of the plebs dead as possible
           | so that the remainder of us are beholden to them and their
           | money, once they own all the AI factories.
        
         | tempodox wrote:
         | > That pretty much tells you how this will end, right there.
         | 
         | It seems so blatantly obvious, yet nobody wants to listen, and
         | practically everyone knows better. We live in interesting
         | times.
        
         | tototrains wrote:
         | The question is, how much are they willing to pay for the kind
         | of surveillance and control that they hope this data processing
         | will get them?
         | 
         | The economics are not all in profit.
        
       | croes wrote:
       | If AI can what it promises most of its big customers become
       | useless but who else could pay enough to make them profitable?
        
       | 1vuio0pswjnm7 wrote:
       | Alternative to archive.ph, no Javascript, no CAPTCHAs:
       | x=www.washingtonpost.com         {         printf 'GET
       | /technology/2026/02/07/ai-spending-economy-shortages/
       | HTTP/1.1\r\n'        printf 'Host: '$x'\r\n'        printf 'User-
       | Agent: Chrome/115.0.5790.171 Mobile Safari/537.36 (compatible ;
       | Googlebot/2.1 ; +http://www.google.com/bot.html)\r\n'
       | printf 'X-Forwarded-For: 66.249.66.1\r\n\r\n'        }|busybox
       | ssl_client -n $x $x > 1.htm        firefox ./1.htm
        
         | WarOnPrivacy wrote:
         | > Alternative to archive.ph, no Javascript, no CAPTCHAs:
         | 
         | The other tld have been kinder to me (no captcha).
         | 
         | https://archive.md/J8pg5
         | 
         | https://archive.fo/J8pg5
        
         | 1vuio0pswjnm7 wrote:
         | Anonymous middleman that could potentiallly collect browsing
         | histories, serves CAPTCHAS, requires Javascript, maybe in
         | crosshairs of authorities, unreliable according to some
         | commenters (YMMV). NB. Nothing about "honeypot", just
         | observations (cf. "accusations")
         | 
         | Someone recently noticed an apparent DDOS attempt on some
         | blogger using Javascript fetch function
         | 
         | The site used to include a tracking pixel containing the
         | visitor's IP address
         | 
         | Also used to ping mail.ru
         | 
         | Would need to look at the page source again to see what it
         | contains today
         | 
         | It's a crowd favorite
         | 
         | People love it
        
           | dmix wrote:
           | Are you accusing archive.today of being a honeypot for the
           | feds because they use Cloudflare? That's a bit much don't you
           | think?
        
             | MallocVoidstar wrote:
             | Archive.today don't use Cloudflare, the admin mimics their
             | captcha page because he hates them. He also used to
             | captcha-loop anyone using Cloudflare's DNS resolver because
             | they don't send the IP subnet of clients to upstreams.
             | 
             | I don't think it's a honeypot, though, it's not like he's
             | learning much about me other than I like not paying for
             | news sites.
        
           | gruez wrote:
           | >Anonymous middleman that could potentiallly collect browsing
           | histories
           | 
           | So literally any site? What's the alternative, using
           | something like bypass paywalls clean, and allow it to access
           | your browsing history AND steal your cookies?
           | 
           | >serves CAPTCHAS
           | 
           | I don't like it, but it's understandable given the load from
           | AI scrapers. Do you also get upset at kernel.org for putting
           | up Anubis?
           | 
           | >requires Javascript
           | 
           | So most sites?
           | 
           | >The site used to include a tracking pixel containing the
           | visitor's IP address
           | 
           | ???
           | 
           | They couldn't get visitor IP through logs?
        
           | 1vuio0pswjnm7 wrote:
           | Third party anonymous middleman that can observe what site(s)
           | a user wants to read
           | 
           | Keywords: anonymous, third party
           | 
           | The websites with the webpages that a user seeks to read,
           | e.g., some page on www.washingtonpost.com, are not third
           | party websites. They are "first party" websites
           | 
           | Other archives are third parties but are generally not run by
           | anonymous operators that keep shifting between different IP
           | addresses and domain names
           | 
           | Other archives generally do not serve CAPTCHAs or require
           | Javascript
           | 
           | Will provide examples if requested
           | 
           | No Anubis:                  {        printf 'GET /
           | HTTP/1.0\r\n'        printf 'Host: www.kernel.org\r\n\r\n'
           | }|busybox ssl_client 146.75.109.55
           | 
           | NB. Replace 205.1.1.1 with user's IP address, replace cc with
           | country code, replace 123456789 with some 9-digit number
           | 
           | </script></div></div><img style="position:absolute" width="1"
           | height="1" src="https://205.1.1.1.cc.VSY1.123456789.pixel.arc
           | hive.md/x.gif"><script type="text/javascript">
           | 
           | This is from December 2024. May have changed since then
        
           | 1vuio0pswjnm7 wrote:
           | Is the tracking pixel a hack to get around absence of EDNS
           | subnet
        
           | 1vuio0pswjnm7 wrote:
           | A "Firefox app" could "access browsing history", "steal
           | cookies", whatever unless (a) the user removes the app's
           | ability to "phone home" from the source code then compiles
           | the app themselves and (b) the user controls the servers to
           | which the app is allowed to connect
           | 
           | For example, Firefox app by default, without any input from
           | the user, tries to make connections to Mozilla servers such
           | as                  content-signature-2.cdn.mozilla.net
           | firebaseremoteconfig.googleapis.com
           | firefox.settings.services.allizom.org
           | firefox.settings.services.mozilla.com
           | services.addons.mozilla.org        detectportal.firefox.com
           | contile.services.mozilla.com
           | 
           | The opportunities for Mozilla app developers to send data,
           | e.g., browsing history, cookies, usage statistics, crash
           | reports, empty requests (pings), whatever, to Mozilla or to
           | any third party are without limit unless (a) and (b) are
           | addressed
           | 
           | Even uBlock Origin tries to connect to ublockorigin.pages.dev
           | by default, i.e., without any input from the user
           | 
           | The user might want this connection to occur but because it
           | is a default the user might also not even know the connection
           | is being made. These connections are a developer choice not a
           | user choice. The user might agree with the choice
        
       | themafia wrote:
       | AI "boom?"
       | 
       | Where's the "boom?" Doesn't that imply a bunch of people are
       | getting rich off of new business?
       | 
       | Where are those?
        
       | luxuryballs wrote:
       | So where is the electrician? Busy at an AI data center being
       | built?
        
       | alecco wrote:
       | What a low quality article with zero new information or insights.
       | WaPo is dead.
        
         | xantronix wrote:
         | https://www.nytimes.com/2026/02/04/business/media/washington...
        
       | hedayet wrote:
       | A bubble doesn't necessarily imply the underlying technology is
       | useless.
       | 
       | It implies that expectations and capital allocation have
       | significantly outpaced realistic returns, leading to painful
       | corrections for bulls.
       | 
       | And with AI, a classic bubble signal is emerging: widespread
       | exit-timing instead of deep, long-term conviction.
        
         | an0malous wrote:
         | The greatest critics of the AI boom like Gary Marcus and
         | Michael Burry aren't even saying it's useless, that's a
         | strawman no one is arguing for
        
         | bdangubic wrote:
         | > widespread exit-timing instead of deep, long-term conviction.
         | 
         | $500+bn _in one year_ capex from largest and most profitable
         | companies ever known to mankind seems like a deep and long-term
         | conviction, no? you and I may not have conviction, the largest
         | and most profitable companies on earth that have been carrying
         | most of global economy do
        
           | Lionga wrote:
           | Do they have conviction or FOMO?
        
             | bdangubic wrote:
             | I would bet against the Mag7 FOMO'ing around
        
       | baby-yoda wrote:
       | The token maximizer is a thought experiment illustrating AI
       | alignment risks. Imagine an AI given the simple goal of
       | maximizing token production. If it became sufficiently powerful,
       | it might convert all available resources -- including humans and
       | the Earth -- into tokens or token-producing infrastructure, not
       | out of malice, but because its objective function values nothing
       | else. The scenario shows how even a trivial goal, paired with
       | enough intelligence, can lead to catastrophic outcomes if the
       | AI's objectives aren't carefully aligned with human values.
       | 
       | *written by AI, of course
        
         | cheschire wrote:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Paperclips
        
       | cyanydeez wrote:
       | I don't think that's the AI Boom. It's the de rigor Republican
       | policies.
        
       | lo_zamoyski wrote:
       | Give it a couple years. Pursuit of trades among Gen Z has gone up
       | 1500%.
       | 
       | The big loser is the modern university.
        
       | jongjong wrote:
       | That's what you get when you have a centrally planned economy.
       | 
       | This is just like communism. The software industry has been like
       | this for over a decade and the effect started spreading to other
       | industries. I've been warning of this for years.
       | 
       | It has been a very painful decade for some. At least now millions
       | of others are starting to feel the pain. More broadly distributed
       | pain creates incentives for change which did not exist before.
       | Pain is hope. Being on the frontline has been an excruciating and
       | isolating experience.
        
       | geetee wrote:
       | All this disruption to every facet of society. For what? So you
       | can roleplay as the next billionaire startup founder with your
       | weekend project? All while the actual tech billionaires have a
       | giant dick measuring contest.
        
       | exabrial wrote:
       | This is ok, let macroeconomics happen, and instead, enforce
       | monopoly laws. The effect in 2-3 years will be a wider base of
       | suppliers, cheaper goods, and solid supply chains.
        
       | coldtea wrote:
       | I wouldn't call inflating a bubble a "boom".
        
       | shmerl wrote:
       | Shortages and price hikes. So much "benefit to society".
        
       | wnc3141 wrote:
       | We're disappointed that WaPo is flailing. Meanwhile we all post
       | workarounds for the paywall
        
       | atleastoptimal wrote:
       | I feel like I'm caught in between two schizophrenically myopic
       | perspectives on AI.
       | 
       | One being:
       | 
       | >Generative AI is a product of VC-funding enabled hype, enormous
       | subsidies and fraudulent results. No AI code "really" works or
       | contributes to productivity, and soon the bubble will burst,
       | returning Real Software Engineers to their former peerless
       | ascendency.
       | 
       | And the other perspective:
       | 
       | >The AI boom will be the last chance to make money, after which
       | point your socioeconomic status circa 2028 will be the permanent
       | station of all your progeny, who will enjoy a heavenly post-
       | scarcity experience with luxury amenities scaled by your PageRank
       | equivalent of social connections to employees at leading AI labs.
        
       | ricardobayes wrote:
       | Why does almost every thread have 200+, sometimes 500+ comments
       | now? Back a few months or a year ago, most threads were sitting
       | at 10-20 comments max.
        
         | consp wrote:
         | They stay on the front page longer. I've seen more stayin there
         | for hours upto days.
        
       | int0x29 wrote:
       | The article is primarily about how wild unrestrained AI spending
       | is causing problems. For example it is hard to get an
       | electrician, anything with memory in it is either significantly
       | more expensive or unobtainable, and building of homes, factories,
       | and hospitals is being depressed pushing down supply (Housing
       | supply being potentially depressed by AI is both serious and
       | alarming). The HN conversation about this article seems to
       | instead be will Google, OpenAI, etc break even? The degree of
       | disconnect in Silicon Valley between the tech industry and
       | everyone else's problems is alarming.
        
         | zozbot234 wrote:
         | These are the best kinds of problems to have, an economic
         | recession would be far worse.
        
       | wundersam wrote:
       | The railway comparison is apt, but the pace is striking. JPMorgan
       | calculates tech needs 650B in new annual revenue just to break
       | even on ROI. That's an extraordinary bet.The shortage effects are
       | real and measurable. But capital doesn't easily substitute -- you
       | can't just redirect 700B into infrastructure without immediately
       | hitting bottlenecks in skilled labor and materials.I use LLMs
       | daily for coding. They're helpful for scaffolding. But the gap
       | between "useful tool" and "justify restructuring the entire
       | economy" is massive. If this is a bubble, the legacy won't just
       | be stranded GPUs -- it'll be years of diverted resources and
       | accelerated power consolidation. The railway boom left railways.
       | What does an AI boom leave if the returns don't materialize?
        
       | ranguna wrote:
       | If this will pop sooner or later, where should I put my money on?
       | 
       | All IT companies will go red
       | 
       | The US economy will go red because IT companies will go red
       | 
       | Banks will follow because their investments depended on the IT
       | market
       | 
       | Gold pumped but is falling now (maybe a good time to buy?)
       | 
       | Crypto is crypto so no one knows (although we are close to the
       | pump season where everything 10x in value, but it's still a bet)
       | 
       | Europe is detaching itself from the US, so maybe there's
       | something there?
       | 
       | Maybe we can just buy non perishable essencial products now,
       | because everything is going to blow up in prices? Still if I buy
       | a 2PS can of beans, later sell it at 10PS because its market
       | value increased to 15, I'm still losing. Not losing as much, but
       | still losing, not to mention I need to find a buyer.
       | 
       | I could buy a house and sell it, but the housing market is a
       | micro bubble where I live that it might pop as well by the time I
       | sell.
       | 
       | So where do I put my money now, knowing that everything's going
       | to blow up?
        
         | mentalgear wrote:
         | I think a lot of investors are looking at Europe/EU as a safe
         | heaven, because it actually has strong democratic institutions
         | that hold up the rule of law, and not some maddening kind that
         | can tank your investments on his mere whim and a tech/fin
         | oligarchy, eager to please and profit him while keeping the
         | pyramid scheme going (while they build doomsday bunkers in New
         | Zealand), until it all blows in the public's face.
        
           | superze wrote:
           | The rule of law only applies to the peasants here in the EU
           | as well .
        
           | DavidPiper wrote:
           | At the risk of calling you on a deep-cut 2-step pun from your
           | username, I think you meant "safe haven", not "safe heaven"
           | :-)
        
         | aurareturn wrote:
         | So where do I put my money now, knowing that everything's going
         | to blow up?
         | 
         | Isn't it obvious? Cash. Maybe treasuries getting a 3-4% yield.
         | Maybe some Euros. Maybe some GBP. Maybe some Yuan. Maybe some
         | Yen.
         | 
         | Then you deploy the cash into equities if/when it does crash so
         | you can buy at an inevitable discount.
         | 
         | Personally, I think we are just at the beginning of the boom.
        
           | lazide wrote:
           | That is why the current admin keeps talking about (and trying
           | to push) printing more money. Because the obvious plan is to
           | inflate out of the mess. Which they have been a little.
           | 
           | The big question is, will they succeed at accelerating it or
           | not?
           | 
           | Either way, cash won't be worth as much.
        
             | luke5441 wrote:
             | This won't work if you are on the shorter end of the yield
             | curve. Obviously when investors say "cash" they mean money
             | market fund at least.
             | 
             | Now people holding actual cash will have problems.
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | Considering most folks feel like actual inflation is >
               | anything they can get from a money market account (and
               | hard to argue with them!), that is why we have the
               | problem we have.
        
               | csense wrote:
               | If actual inflation > IR you can get for safe
               | investments, it means inflation is working as designed.
               | Mainstream economists make the argument that anyone who
               | saves money is selfishly hoarding resources that could be
               | spent or invested. The Fed is supposed to print money to
               | purposely cause inflation, precisely to "tax" this
               | unsocial behavior and incentivize consumption, riskier
               | investments, and debt.
               | 
               | I don't personally agree with this argument. But everyone
               | should be aware that the argument exists, many economists
               | endorse it, and it is used to guide policy in many
               | countries.
        
             | aurareturn wrote:
             | The person I'm responding to thinks everything is going to
             | blow up. That means he expects equities to worth a lot less
             | than now. The obvious thing to do is to hold cash.
        
         | iamthemonster wrote:
         | Sadly international diversification is far less effective
         | during downturns, which is exactly when you need it. It really
         | turns out that the old adage "when the US sneezes the whole
         | world catches a cold" is borne out by the evidence:
         | https://earlyretirementnow.com/2017/08/23/how-useful-is-inte...
         | 
         | I started getting concerned about the US stock market being
         | overvalued in about 2019. If I'd followed my gut and ditched
         | the US entirely I'd have missed out enormously.
         | 
         | Unfortunately the "guys, it's getting a bit frothy" stage can
         | last for years and years. If you pull out of the stock market
         | whenever everything's looking irrationally overvalued you're
         | probably going to fall behind the unthinking approach of
         | continually investing the same amount every month.
         | 
         | Although I don't think investments are easy to "bubble-proof" I
         | feel like your career choices can make you more resistant to
         | catastrophe. The strongest strategy of all (if it's practical
         | in your lifestyle) is to be nationally and internationally
         | mobile so that your job search can cover the entire world, and
         | you pick whichever employer is most desperate to find someone.
         | After that, you can sometimes transfer internally to teams that
         | are more robust (in my industry we have teams that design new
         | facilities and teams that run existing facilities - the ones
         | that design new facilities are far more vulnerable to ups and
         | downs as projects get cancelled). Finally, you can make lots of
         | casual contacts in your industry (we sometimes get together for
         | coffee or beer with other people in our city who do a similar
         | job at other companies) - then when you're made redundant,
         | you've got the inside information of where new roles might come
         | from.
         | 
         | On the cost side of the equation, your choices of "how big a
         | house & car can I afford?" should learn towards being more
         | pessimistic, but often there's not huge scope for choice there
         | in the short term.
         | 
         | Long story short, the glib answer to your question "where do I
         | put my money now, knowing that everything's going to blow up?"
         | is "leave it in the S&P 500 and be aware that one day it will
         | blow up"
        
         | Bombthecat wrote:
         | What if it won't pop and just keep getting better?
         | 
         | Replacing more and more jobs as it goes?
        
           | ed_mercer wrote:
           | Is this really a valid outcome, given the facts in the
           | article?
        
         | bko wrote:
         | Is it really a bubble? The AI boom is often compared to dot com
         | bubble but was that a bubble? Sure if you bought immediately
         | before the crash and sold after you lost a lot of money. But if
         | you were just consistently investing in web based companies
         | from lates 1990s to 2010, how did you do? Probably pretty well.
         | Web did change the world and create an immense amount of wealth
         | in the world and markets. You're just focused on a short time
         | frame.
         | 
         | Even the real estate bubble in 2008. If you bought a home in
         | 2005 and sold in 2009, sure you lost a lot, but if you just
         | invested in real estate from mid 2000s and kept it for 10
         | years, you prob did pretty well. Even the great depression had
         | a sharp readjustment, but look at pretty much any 10-year
         | windows, including great depression, you'll see ~10% nominal
         | and ~5-7% real annualized equity returns.
         | 
         | I think AI will be similar. It's a paradigm shift. Some of
         | todays companies will go under and stocks will crash but over
         | 10+ years, I think it will be a great investment and the
         | industry will flourish, much like the tech or real estate
         | bubble.
        
       | jamesjolliffe wrote:
       | Another serious flaw with the modern American economy is that too
       | much of our money is spent betting on whatever lottery ticket
       | dream we are sold will grant the highest returns. For too long,
       | we have been investing in software companies like Meta hoping for
       | unicorn returns, paying no attention to the fact that many of
       | these companies do little to materially improve the real world we
       | live in, while our communities and infrastructure fall into
       | disrepair. Who wants to invest in a lower-margin construction
       | company, when there is a chance company some tech company X might
       | come up with an addictive imaginary widget on our phone that has
       | a marginal cost of almost nothing after the first one is built.
       | 
       | Now, all this new hardware we're building is powering AI that is
       | only proven to improve the quality of our software, and will
       | likely displace many of the middle class "white collar" jobs we
       | have left. Buckle up boys, we are in for a bumpy ride.
        
       | weare138 wrote:
       | A 'boom' would imply AI is actually profitable.
        
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       (page generated 2026-02-08 23:01 UTC)