[HN Gopher] Show HN: If you lose your memory, how to regain acce...
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       Show HN: If you lose your memory, how to regain access to your
       computer?
        
       Due to bike-induced concussions, I've been worried for a while
       about losing my memory and not being able to log back in.  I
       combined shamir secret sharing (hashicorp vault's implementation)
       with age-encryption, and packaged it using WASM for a neat in-
       browser offline UX.  The idea is that if something happens to me,
       my friends and family would help me get back access to the data
       that matters most to me. 5 out of 7 friends need to agree for the
       vault to unlock.  Try out the demo in the website, it runs entirely
       in your browser!
        
       Author : eljojo
       Score  : 360 points
       Date   : 2026-02-06 18:51 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (eljojo.github.io)
 (TXT) w3m dump (eljojo.github.io)
        
       | moltymolt wrote:
       | That's an interesting idea. It's a good solution to the problem
       | of sharing all your passwords with your loved ones posthumously.
       | Typically that'd involve keeping everything in a vault which will
       | automatically be released to your person of choice if you failed
       | to reset it. The annoying part is having to reset it
       | indefinitely. I like your idea where you share it with multiple
       | people in advance but they would have to collectively decide to
       | unlock it.
        
         | eljojo wrote:
         | exactly! my hope is to offload some trust to the collective of
         | my friends
        
       | ddtaylor wrote:
       | I suffered a traumatic brain injury (TBI) related to an e-bike
       | accident two years ago. I woke up in the ICU after a short coma-
       | like thing and the nurses/doctors asking me questions and it was
       | clear I was answering for the 10th time or more, like we had all
       | done this before, but I couldn't remember anything.
       | 
       | Thankfully my very long password I use for an encrypted
       | Borgbackup I have was somewhere deep or untouched, but, otherwise
       | I would have been fucked. Also, the backup codes Google told me
       | they would always accept failed and it wasn't until I found a
       | random unused Android device in a drawer that had been unused for
       | a year was I able to get access back to my Google account of ~25
       | years.
        
         | ericbarrett wrote:
         | I also had old Google backup codes fail a few years ago.
         | Anybody who hasn't regenerated them in a year or two, I
         | recommend you do so.
        
           | lucenet wrote:
           | Well, this is disturbing news.
        
             | Zambyte wrote:
             | Google services are best treated as a liability.
        
             | tencentshill wrote:
             | Make Google Takeouts a part of your backup routine.
        
             | bornfreddy wrote:
             | I have (had?) a Google account tied to my email (which is
             | on a domain I own). Not sure if I ever gave them my phone
             | number, initially. Tried to login a few years back, correct
             | password, but they insisted on me entering my phone.
             | Finally I did - and they can't let me in because my
             | "provider is not supported" and they can't send an SMS with
             | the code, so I'm locked out. Tried every few months since
             | then, no go. Fortunately I didn't lose much (except some
             | family photos), but it is annoying as hell. I wouldn't
             | trust Google with anything important. And yes, I tried with
             | an brand new number on a new phone, unrelated provider. No
             | dice. According to reddit I'm far from alone in this. So if
             | you rely on a Google account for anything... Well, good
             | luck!
        
           | rektlessness wrote:
           | Long-term access recovery typically requires rituals like
           | annual check-ins, media rotation, and human drills. We
           | already do this with annual fire-drills.
        
             | lucb1e wrote:
             | My password manager has, *checks*, precisely 900 entries.
             | Say that I care about maybe ten percent, that's still doing
             | a "drill" on every single weekend day of the year
             | 
             | Security aspects of software should just work properly.
             | Google should test this and, imo, people should make
             | backups of data they care about. Google might ban you for
             | any reason, no matter if the recovery drill worked 2 hours
             | ago it might not work anymore now. Seems like a fool's
             | errand to keep chasing it instead of making routine (or
             | automated) backups of data when you update it
        
         | eljojo wrote:
         | my stomach turned into a knot just reading your story. I know
         | that feel of waking up surrounded by nurses not knowing what
         | happened. I'm so glad you had proper backups!!!!!!!!!!
         | 
         | this exact story is why i built my app, thank you so much for
         | sharing.
         | 
         | my hope is to basically make a next version of your plan that's
         | distributed among friends.
        
         | lucb1e wrote:
         | Wow, it both surprises me but also makes me feel justified in
         | that I keep telling people to make backups of things they care
         | about _including_ something like a Spotify account (if your
         | song lists are dear to them, at least the titles and other
         | metadata that they could rebuild from) and other  "cloud" or
         | SaaS services. Anything one cares about, back it up! (Not to
         | you but as a PSA)
         | 
         | Still, it's weird that Google doesn't accept a recovery code.
         | Then again, I had a similar issue where I had nothing set up
         | but a recovery email address and password (back when 2FA was
         | rare), and after confirming both, Google said "well, we still
         | think it's suspicious, why don't you use a device where you're
         | already logged in" (my account had no active sessions that I
         | knew of, besides that I was traveling). Luckily I didn't need
         | it for anything as I had my email moved away already at that
         | time. I still can't access that account today and I switched to
         | throwaway accounts for things like youtube comments or app
         | downloads from the play store (need to download that government
         | authentication software somehow...)
         | 
         | Did Google specifically reject the recovery code as invalid, or
         | did it accept all entries and then their algorithm rejected the
         | login outright?
        
           | ddtaylor wrote:
           | It accepted the backup code and my correct password and then
           | wanted to verify more stuff, which there was nothing, and
           | just said "Sorry, we can't give you access to your account
           | right now".
        
             | lucb1e wrote:
             | Ah, yes okay that sounds precisely like my situation as
             | well. Not so much the backup codes not working as Google's
             | auth gatekeeper being moody, the last thing you want from a
             | login system
        
               | ddtaylor wrote:
               | I understand how it plays out, but these are backup codes
               | that I put into a backup strategy for serious life events
               | and both times I needed them they failed to accomplish
               | what they are for =(
               | 
               | Had I followed Googles own advice and relied entirely on
               | these codes (which I thought I was doing) I would still
               | be locked out of all those accounts, purchase history,
               | Google Play Developer, etc.
        
       | modeless wrote:
       | For this purpose Google offers "Inactive Account Manager" AKA a
       | dead man's switch.
        
         | couchdive wrote:
         | 3 months of non-use is the lowest term available before it will
         | enact. That's too long for most situations except maybe probate
         | court
        
         | eljojo wrote:
         | I don't use Google :(
        
           | bsza wrote:
           | Set up a Github action to send out the secret if you don't
           | commit to a repo every x days? You could even combine it with
           | secret sharing to make sure your friends can't access it
           | unless you're really in trouble.
        
           | sowbug wrote:
           | You don't need to use Google day-to-day. Create a single-
           | purpose Gmail account and set up Inactive Account Manager to
           | provide Google Drive access to your trusted contacts at the
           | designated time. Put a single document in the drive that
           | contains whatever your recovery instructions are, and encrypt
           | it with the secret that is unlocked with your M-of-N Shamir
           | shares.
           | 
           | Now you don't have to trust your M of N friends as much,
           | because they can conspire to unlock the secret early, but
           | they won't get access to the document that the secret unlocks
           | until after your demise.
           | 
           | There are non-fatal problems with this approach -- your N
           | friends have to recognize the email they receive from a
           | strange Gmail address 3 months after you're gone. You might
           | lose the password to the Gmail account and be unable to get
           | in there yourself, causing it to declare you dead when you're
           | not. All these issues can be mitigated with extra care.
        
       | bitexploder wrote:
       | Low tech: I put my secret manager password in a physical journal
       | that is locked in a fire proof, water proof vault and hidden
       | somewhere only my partner and myself know where it is. I use a
       | password manager. Everything else goes in the password manager.
        
         | rcxdude wrote:
         | In general whatever kind of backup plan you have for when you
         | die could also work in this scenario, you may just need to
         | think harder about anything that you do not want have revealed
         | when you die.
        
         | munk-a wrote:
         | Alternative - my partner and I (and also two other close
         | contacts) have password managers that contain each of the other
         | one's secret. This was less an effort to help with the memory
         | loss scenario and more of an effort to deal with death and
         | access to services (especially to cease subscriptions and the
         | like).
         | 
         | In a lower trust scenario you could probably use a lawyer as a
         | broker of the secret (potentially even as part of a will).
        
           | rcxdude wrote:
           | Password managers like bitwarden also have emergency access
           | features which can do this, with the caveat of trusting them
           | to enforce the requirement of access only being granted after
           | a notification to the account holder is not denied in some
           | time period (but unlike the lawyer you're not trusting them
           | with the secret directly)
        
             | spockz wrote:
             | Apple has this thing called Legacy Contact which allows the
             | same but then built in to the whole Apple account. This
             | includes devices as well as the iCloud ~~and attached
             | keychains. Granted, it is another hoop to jump through
             | compared to presharing keys with each other.~~
             | 
             | It would be nice if your Apple account could be unlocked
             | with some other keys as well apart from the primary one,
             | but I guess that is what Apple calls the "Legacy Contact
             | Key".
             | 
             | Edit: okay so the keychain is excluded from this. So back
             | to storing each others passwords in eachothers keychain...
        
             | eljojo wrote:
             | I didn't know about bit warden doing this until today! I
             | definitely have to look closer into it, been using
             | 1password for more than a decade and I keep being
             | disappointed. I'd definitely like off-sourcing this to
             | someone instead of building it myself
        
           | eljojo wrote:
           | this is honestly a very pragmatic solution. the amount of
           | life-long relationships i've seen vanish overnight has got me
           | to reconsider my choices when it comes to single points of
           | failure.
           | 
           | I like the idea of the lawyer, unlike normal people, they
           | like sticking to their promises.
        
           | kwanbix wrote:
           | So if you and your partner die, whoever is part of your
           | family is fck.
        
             | wafflemaker wrote:
             | Bitwarden allows a quite large number of emergency
             | contacts.
             | 
             | There are two rules: 1. You need to be a paying customer
             | when setting up. 2. The other person needs to have a
             | Bitwarden account.
        
         | maurycyz wrote:
         | This. A physical safe provides something that you can't do
         | digitally: It's hard, but not impossible to get in without
         | credentials.
         | 
         | On the internet, it's either: Public for anyone in the whole
         | world, or impossible to recover if anything goes wrong.
        
           | kylehotchkiss wrote:
           | I've broken into Physical Safes using nothing more than a
           | drill with a half inch bit (I was young and didn't want to
           | drag myself to harbor freight to sacrifice a more suitable
           | tool). Enough boreholes and I had access.
           | 
           | In hindsight, looking harder for the key would probably have
           | been fruitful.
        
             | 0cf8612b2e1e wrote:
             | Nothing says you cannot trivially encode the paper
             | password. Those in the know understand that you need to
             | append "BoomShakalaka", replace "A" with "Q", or some other
             | super simple modification to what is recorded.
             | 
             | Maybe the NSA would be willing to brute force the infinite
             | variations from that starting seed, but it is still
             | effectively locked for mortals.
        
               | mathstuf wrote:
               | I've thought about making a "word search" and embedding
               | the passphrase in it using a pattern (e.g., a subset of a
               | Knight's tour, a space-filling curve overlay, or some
               | other sampling algorithm).
        
               | unsnap_biceps wrote:
               | https://www.passwordcard.org/en
               | 
               | I used to keep a password card in my wallet and had a
               | pattern I would use.
        
               | Dylan16807 wrote:
               | If you add an explicit reminder to check the email where
               | you explained the modification, then the idea seems
               | solid. Tough at that point put half the password on paper
               | and send the other half to a whole bunch of trusted
               | people.
        
         | repiret wrote:
         | This is what I do too, but be warned about "fire proof" - a
         | fire that results in the total loss of your house will create
         | enough heat for enough time that fireproof gun safes and
         | smaller fireproof lockboxes will be destroyed, or even if not,
         | their contents will get hot enough to combust anyway.
         | 
         | A bank safe deposit box offers a different security profile
         | that's probably more robust against fire because banks burn
         | less often than houses.
         | 
         | It's probably not practical to really be robust against fire
         | without being buried several feet deep.
        
           | eljojo wrote:
           | do you store stuff in a bank? could you tell me more about
           | it? my account gives me access to one for free and been
           | meaning to put a yubikey there for a while but never have
        
             | cyberax wrote:
             | I do. I have a small safe deposit box in my local branch
             | for about $1 a year.
             | 
             | It's great if you want to store some documents. But don't
             | expect _real_ security. It's guarded by a minimum-wage
             | employee, and the keys are usually laughably insecure.
             | Banks know this, so they cap their liability for the loss
             | of the deposit box at around $1000.
             | 
             | So don't even think about storing gold bars there, like
             | they do in movies.
             | 
             | There _are_ companies that provide safe storage for high-
             | value items, but they are pretty exotic.
        
               | eljojo wrote:
               | that's... a really good perspective to have, thanks for
               | sharing!
        
             | nightshift1 wrote:
             | Safe deposit boxes are not safe. There are many stories of
             | peoples stuff going missing.
             | 
             | ex: https://www.cbc.ca/news/safety-deposit-box-
             | protection-1.7338...
             | 
             | https://archive.is/www.nytimes.com/2019/07/19/business/safe
             | -...
        
               | jerezzprime wrote:
               | Maybe not safe for valuables. What about stuff that has
               | no value to anyone else? I'm not a villain from Ocean's
               | Eleven, no one is stealing my passwords to break into my
               | elaborate safe.
        
               | saulpw wrote:
               | What I found out when I was burgled, was that they don't
               | care. I had nothing valuable in my firesafe but they
               | still took it wholesale. I found some papers from it
               | drifting around outside afterwards like they had dumped
               | it out. But not my passport or SSN card. The lock was
               | even broken so they could have just opened it to see that
               | and saved themselves the lift. But again, they don't
               | care.
        
               | MiddleEndian wrote:
               | What if you RAID01 it, so you have four safety deposit
               | boxes, two with the first half of your password, two with
               | the second half of your password? Then no snoop at a
               | particular bank would be able to get your password, but
               | also if one or two go missing, the password won't be
               | lost. And you just check all four boxes once or twice a
               | year to make sure everything is good.
        
               | direwolf20 wrote:
               | Better do Shamir's Secret Sharing instead, set threshold
               | to 2/4, and regenerate all parts if any part goes
               | missing.
        
               | whartung wrote:
               | My (large) bank is yanking their safety deposit boxes
               | out. They let subscribers know that they have, like, 1 or
               | 2 years to go. They're doing it across the branches. They
               | basically feel it's not worth the liability any more, and
               | the way it was presented to me, it's not just them, but
               | other banks are also doing (or at least considering)
               | this.
               | 
               | Things we take for granted. When my father passed, I was
               | digging stuff out of SDBs that he had for decades.
        
           | ses1984 wrote:
           | Another solution is to engrave your secret on something
           | that's stable up to household fire temperatures.
        
             | 0cf8612b2e1e wrote:
             | A real innovation from the Bitcoin world! There are several
             | physical password store systems that they have suggested
             | for this kind of use case. The simplest is basically using
             | a nail to punch out a password onto a piece of sheet metal.
        
               | echoangle wrote:
               | Just make sure that the metal you use has a high enough
               | melting point.
        
               | Wistar wrote:
               | Tungsten, perhaps.
        
               | direwolf20 wrote:
               | Do people usually find big pools of metal on the ground
               | in burned houses, or is everyday metal fine?
               | 
               | Especially inside a fireproof safe.
               | 
               | Wouldn't trust aluminium, solder, Wood's metal, gallium,
               | or mercury, but apart from that...
        
               | wtetzner wrote:
               | Maybe a clay tablet (assuming it's safe from water)?
        
               | rustyhancock wrote:
               | Additionally hardware wallets which can use a seed to
               | generate huge variety of keys.
               | 
               | Including AGE keys (so you can encrypt arbitrary data),
               | SSH keys, FIDO2 and passkeys.
               | 
               | Additionally you might want to store a hardware wallet in
               | a deposit box instead of the seed (if you trust the
               | security model).
        
               | Terr_ wrote:
               | And so we return to our programming-roots with
               | punchcards. :p
        
               | amenghra wrote:
               | Articles such as https://blog.lopp.net/metal-bitcoin-
               | seed-storage-stress-test... will help you pick among the
               | various seed stores out there.
        
           | Eduard wrote:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Gelsenkirchen_heist
           | 
           | In December 2025, items worth an estimated EUR30 million were
           | stolen from a Sparkasse bank in the Gelsenkirchen suburb of
           | Buer, Germany. The thieves used a large drill to break into
           | the bank's underground vault and proceeded to crack over
           | 3,000 safe deposit boxes.
        
             | nerdsniper wrote:
             | Don't need events that extreme. Regular branch banks have
             | stuff go missing from the safety deposit boxes shockingly
             | regularly. The locks aren't particularly secure and various
             | people are able to access them. It can be hard to find
             | articles about them because they don't make the news like
             | the more remarkable incidents do. Examples of boring
             | security box failures (but that were noteworthy in other
             | ways so they did make the news): Jennifer Morsch, Roberta
             | Glassman, Lianna Sarabekyan (multiple customers affected),
             | Philip Poniz, Wells Fargo in Cape Coral FL, Wells Fargo
             | Katy TX (many customers affected, blamed on road
             | construction down the street), lots of individual stories
             | where banks just totally stopped following their own
             | procedures on ID checking and logging.
             | 
             | The vast majority of these don't make the news because
             | there's no proof there was even anything inside the box in
             | the first place so anyone could be lying.
             | 
             | > Mr. Pluard, who tracks legal filings and news reports,
             | estimates that around 33,000 boxes a year are harmed by
             | accidents, natural disasters and thefts.
             | 
             | > Oddly, the bank returned to him five watches that weren't
             | his. "They were the wrong color, the wrong size -- totally
             | different than what I had," Mr. Poniz said. "I had no idea
             | where they came from."
             | 
             | https://archive.is/j8e6x
        
               | Stratoscope wrote:
               | > Regular branch banks have stuff go missing from the
               | safety deposit boxes shockingly regularly. The locks
               | aren't particularly secure and various people are able to
               | access them.
               | 
               | My late wife had a safe deposit box in the Almaden Valley
               | (San Jose) branch of US Bank. Her key to the box was
               | nowhere to be found. So I had to get the box drilled
               | open.
               | 
               | This would normally require a hefty fee. But the branch
               | was moving to a new location, so they invited customers
               | to make an appointment to show up a Saturday with proper
               | ID for a lock drilling party.
               | 
               | I showed my ID and the death certificate, and we went
               | into the safe to have the lock drilled.
               | 
               | But there was no real drilling involved. The locksmith
               | had a little handheld gadget that she pushed into the
               | lock, gave it a little twist, and the door came right
               | open.
               | 
               | The ironic part? All that was in there were a few pieces
               | of costume jewelry, worth maybe $50 in total.
               | 
               | She was paying more than that per year for the box
               | rental, and if I'd had to pay for the "drilling" it would
               | probably be more than that.
        
               | rationalist wrote:
               | I was with my mother when she went to close her safe
               | deposit box. Her key did not work, so after checking her
               | ID (could be fake), they used a tool that very quickly
               | removed the lock. We were then left alone in the camera-
               | less room with all of the other boxes and the tool...
        
           | willmadden wrote:
           | Floor safes do better than above-ground safes.
        
           | paulgerhardt wrote:
           | Just went through this. Sample size one:
           | 
           | While the fire resulted in the total loss of the house it was
           | actually the water from the fire department not the heat that
           | did proportionally more damage.
           | 
           | As a mental model you shouldn't think of it as "what if my
           | house burns down?" so much as "what if nice strangers roll up
           | to my windows and chainsaw through my roof and spray 50,000
           | gallons of water in here?"
           | 
           | Yes everything in the mechanical room melted but everything
           | in the rest of the house got hot, smoky, soaked and then
           | moldy.
           | 
           | For root of trust materiel like social security cards, cash,
           | passports put in a ziplock bag in a fireproof, waterproof
           | safe. But for other storage I use clear "Ezy Storage" brand
           | stackable 50L tubs labeled with Homebox QR codes. In the US,
           | Target and Home Depot frequently stock them. I am very anti
           | black and yellow tubs.
           | 
           | The majority of work post-fire goes to itemizing your house
           | inventory for insurance. Even cataloging all your bathroom's
           | soaps by brand name rather than generic can make $100
           | difference. Multiply that by 500x different things.
           | 
           | From a threat model perspective I look at rooms from a "what
           | would be salvageable in here if I emptied a swimming pool's
           | worth of water from some fire sprinklers". Furniture and TVs
           | are easy to replace. Other stuff less so.
        
             | alsetmusic wrote:
             | This is very interesting and will inform changes in how I
             | secure some items. Thanks for the new perspective.
        
             | Loughla wrote:
             | We did that with major hail damage a few years ago. I
             | learned that in a disaster, you should count on everything
             | being junk, and you're lucky if you can salvage anything.
             | We also learned the value of itemized lists.
             | 
             | 1500/piece for 20 junk windows I was building a greenhouse
             | with that I dug out of the trash the year before. $250 for
             | a bird feeder because they couldn't find one outside of
             | specialty stores. $40k instead of 10k for a new roof on the
             | shed because it was heavier gauge metal than standard.
             | 
             | Exact replacements can be expensive, but you need to make
             | sure your insurance has 100% replacement instead of
             | adjusted for age or like-kind replacements.
             | 
             | After that experience, we itemized EVERYTHING in the house
             | with make, model, serial number, and color. It was a bitch
             | to get set up, but took the value of our home contents from
             | around 75k to over 250k for exact replacements.
             | 
             | Copies of these records along with our master password for
             | our keepass database are in two bank deposit boxes about 45
             | minutes apart. For $50/year we can sleep easy.
        
               | eastbound wrote:
               | How do you open the bank vault? Key? Passcode?
        
               | tgsovlerkhgsel wrote:
               | In general, identity (the bank checking who you are) is
               | often involved in regular unlocking and there will be an
               | identity-only recovery procedure that will work even if
               | you lose your usual credential (key, passcode, card,
               | whatever). This may involve drilling a lock and the bill
               | for that.
        
               | ThePowerOfFuet wrote:
               | If you can prove your identity to the bank and have lost
               | your key, they will drill the lock to get you into your
               | box. For a fee, of course.
        
               | TacticalCoder wrote:
               | Bank vault can be key+combination (eg three letters) or
               | dual key or others. For example in a dual key: one key
               | from the bank and one key being your own key.
               | 
               | If a key is lost, you go and prove your identity (easier
               | if any bank employee is familiar with you) and ask for a
               | new key. A date is set and a locksmith shall come, you
               | are next to him and next to the bank employee while he
               | uses the bank's key and lockpicks your lock. Then he
               | configures it for a new key (or replace the lock).
               | 
               | It's cost you something like $300 or whatever.
               | 
               | Source: been next to locksmith opening a bank vault,
               | _twice_ , in two different countries. Once for a bank
               | belonging to a deceased family member (we had the key but
               | not the three-letters combination) and once not because I
               | lost my key but because the bank's lock (on my vault)
               | went defective.
               | 
               | So it's not "my key from the my vault at the bank melted
               | during a housefire, so I can never access my vault at the
               | bank anymore" nor is it _" I forgot my three-letters
               | combination, so until the end of the universe that bank
               | vault shall stay locked"_.
        
               | Loughla wrote:
               | We have keys. In the event those are lost or destroyed,
               | they will provide access to an approved list of
               | individuals and drill the lock for $40.
               | 
               | Also they're small town banks, so that makes it easier as
               | well. We don't really need to worry about providing ID,
               | but if we did and couldn't access ID or something like
               | that, we have four other people listed with access, one
               | of which lives hours away in case of a disaster impacting
               | everyone else on the list. They don't have keys but could
               | get into it for us. So for a few hundred dollars, we're
               | set and insured for the declared value of the contents of
               | the boxes (250k max for another $15/year) if the banks
               | are both destroyed as well!
        
             | tmoertel wrote:
             | > I am very anti black and yellow tubs.
             | 
             | Would you mind sharing more about these tubs and why you
             | are against them?
        
               | DonHopkins wrote:
               | I've seen Breaking Bad. They're a hell of a lot better
               | than a porcelain bathtub for dissolving bodies!
        
               | fragmede wrote:
               | https://www.homedepot.com/p/HDX-27-Gal-Tough-Storage-
               | Tote-in...
               | 
               | As to why they're against them, I don't know their
               | reason, but there used to be only one size of tote. There
               | there was big and small. And then, for some fxcking
               | reason, they decided to make ones that were roughly as
               | big as the big ones. Just enough that you have to take
               | half a second to re-eyeball-ruler measure them. But in
               | isolation, if you've got one in front of you, you can't
               | know if it'll tetris properly with another one until
               | they're side-by-side and it turns out they're not.
               | 
               | Dumbest decision ever.
               | 
               | At least they come in transparent now though
        
             | repiret wrote:
             | My insurance agent has recommended that once a year or so I
             | carefully walk through the house with a video recorder,
             | opening every cabinet and drawer and tool box and so on.
             | It's easier than constructing a detailed inventory, but
             | gives you the raw data you need to construct one in the
             | unlikely even that you need it.
        
               | j1elo wrote:
               | I gues the key here is where do you store that video!
        
               | direwolf20 wrote:
               | Apple iCloud, because most people are not using secure
               | tech.
        
             | ThePowerOfFuet wrote:
             | >put in a ziplock bag in a fireproof, waterproof safe
             | 
             | In the event of a fire, the bag will melt and coat
             | everything in plastic. This may be undesirable.
        
           | heavyset_go wrote:
           | That inventory will be available for seizure by court order
           | for any variety of reasons, and you won't ever know about it
           | until it's too late.
           | 
           | Something you keep in your home that no one knows about won't
           | be inventoried.
        
           | syntaxing wrote:
           | I know there's metal plates you can self stamp for crypto
           | wallets. I'm sure you can do the same for this purpose.
        
           | 8n4vidtmkvmk wrote:
           | Yes but your house has to burn down _and_ you have to
           | simultaneously lose your memory.
           | 
           | If your house and PC burn, restore from online backup.
           | 
           | If your brain burns, spouse restores from vault.
        
             | qwertfisch wrote:
             | This assumes having a spouse.
        
               | hdjrudni wrote:
               | Sure... if you don't have a spouse, leave it with a
               | sibling. I put my Bitcoin key in my brother's safe. And
               | if you don't have a sibling or parent or best friend, you
               | can usually rent a locker at a bank.
        
               | kmoser wrote:
               | s/spouse/executor/
        
           | Spooky23 wrote:
           | Only thing about safe deposit boxes - make sure that things
           | needed in the event of your death, especially your will, are
           | not there.
           | 
           | The bank will seal the box as soon as they discover you are
           | dead, and require a court order. Without a will, the executor
           | will be whatever statutory person your state calls for.
        
           | victorbjorklund wrote:
           | Yea, bankbox is probably the best choice. In the extremely
           | unlikely case the bank box gets robbed you will find out
           | about it and can rotate the key.
        
           | duskdozer wrote:
           | >robust
           | 
           | Is there a better class of safe one could use that might be
           | more successful even if not a guarantee? F/e even with a safe
           | deposit box, one might still have some lower-tier items that
           | would be impractical to store in one but you might want to do
           | better than just out in the open.
        
         | eljojo wrote:
         | sometimes simpler is the best. I am always on the move so
         | vaults don't jive well with me. my concern would be for
         | something to still happen to it, too. I'm trying to go by the
         | principle of not putting all my eggs on one basket.
        
         | tempestn wrote:
         | I'd advise sharing that knowledge with one trusted person
         | outside your household too, especially if you and your partner
         | have dependants.
        
       | lucenet wrote:
       | Write down the password, print out recovery codes. Store them in
       | separate buildings.
       | 
       | Tell someone you trust about where you left these pieces of
       | paper.
        
         | notepad0x90 wrote:
         | a safe-deposit box at a bank works ok too.
        
       | registeredcorn wrote:
       | I explicitly make it so I _cannot_ regain access to my computer
       | in the event that my memory becomes faulty.
       | 
       | I would be in an impaired state, and cannot function in way that
       | would be conducive to either work or pleasure in terms of
       | computer use.
       | 
       | That is to say, the entire reason why I have password security at
       | all is to keep out people who do not know the password. If
       | someone does not know the password, they should not be able to
       | access the system. That obviously and clearly applies to myself
       | as much as any other person. "If you do not know it, then you do
       | not need it."
        
         | esafak wrote:
         | No family, eh?
        
           | seb1204 wrote:
           | Maybe but does not want to share the pics or tax return.
        
         | catlifeonmars wrote:
         | What if you forgot your password but retained all other
         | memories?
        
           | eljojo wrote:
           | asking the real questions here
        
           | wavemode wrote:
           | Well see, that's why I keep my "password" memory stored
           | snugly next to "breathing" and other such. If I'm walking
           | around conscious, then I must still know my password.
        
             | fragmede wrote:
             | I must have missed that option in the character creation
             | part of being born (along with choosing my parents). For
             | the record, human memory doesn't actually work in practice.
             | It's unbelievably uncommon, but TBI have weird effects.
        
         | saltcured wrote:
         | I agree in broad strokes. If I am incapacitated, that is when
         | things like durable power-of-attorney, medical advance
         | directives, and living trusts come into play.
         | 
         | The important thing is to ensuring your computer is not a
         | single point of failure. Instead of losing a password, you
         | could have theft, flood, fire, etc. Or for online accounts, you
         | are one vendor move away from losing things. None of these
         | should be precious and impossible to replace. I've been on the
         | other side of this, and I think the better flow is to terminate
         | or transfer accounts, and wipe and recycle personal devices.
         | 
         | A better use of your time is to set up a disaster-recovery plan
         | you can write down and share with people you trust. Distribute
         | copies of important data to make a resilient archive. This
         | could include confidential records, but shouldn't really need
         | to include authentication "secrets".
         | 
         | Don't expect others to "impersonate" you. Delegate them proper
         | access via technical and/or legal methods, as appropriate. Get
         | some basic legal advice and put your affairs in order. Write
         | down instructions for your wishes and the "treasure map" to
         | help your survivors or caregivers figure out how to use the
         | properly delegated authority.
        
       | BoredPositron wrote:
       | Yubikey
        
       | nippoo wrote:
       | This kind of thing, widely implemented, would be a game-changer
       | for dealing with assets after someone's death! I maintain my
       | family's IT infrastructure (Google Enterprise admin, webserver
       | etc) and I've been tempted to write down 1/4 of my password
       | manager root password and give it to each of my family members -
       | but then we run into the problem where if any one of them loses
       | their shard, it's unrecoverable. Some kind of ECC would be great
       | - ideally where I could print it out onto various bits of paper
       | with a user-definable redundancy, or better still, some kind of
       | reciprocal system where (say) 8/10 members of a trusted friend
       | group/family ring could unlock any other member's password...
        
         | rcxdude wrote:
         | Shamir secret sharing is the cryptographic thing that you want.
         | You can can configure any M of N to be needed to recover the
         | underlying secret.
         | 
         | (If you have a trusted third party, you can also enforce a
         | cooling off period: e.g. that any attempt to access results in
         | a notification to the account holder that if not denied within
         | some time period, access is granted)
        
         | nandomrumber wrote:
         | You can give your password, or part of it, to your estate
         | lawyer to attach to your will.
         | 
         | This is obviously more cumbersome, and probably costly, if you
         | intend on changing your password. I guess you could change the
         | part of it you don't store with them.
        
         | eljojo wrote:
         | yes! I am starting to do some planning on that myself, that's
         | why I'm in that kind of mindset. If you know more people in
         | this space, please share this with them! would love to get
         | feedback
        
           | cyphar wrote:
           | I wrote a project to do this a few years ago[1], it's mainly
           | missing an automated mechanism to scan the PDFs and a GUI.
           | Maybe you'll find it interesting.
           | 
           | [1]: https://github.com/cyphar/paperback
        
             | eljojo wrote:
             | hey, this is a great idea! I'll link into your app from my
             | readme. I really like that the PDF contains the entire
             | dataset, not just the keys. I see lots of little details
             | around organizing the PDFs, like document hashes, etc, very
             | nice job!
             | 
             | Since you wrote it in Rust, I'd suggest compiling it to
             | wasm and releasing a browser-based version
        
               | cyphar wrote:
               | > Since you wrote it in Rust, I'd suggest compiling it to
               | wasm and releasing a browser-based version
               | 
               | That was my eventual plan for having a single GUI for
               | everything, the only problem is that there isn't a really
               | obvious way to support scanning a PDF you upload --
               | basically you need a pure-Rust PDF renderer and there
               | isn't one up to the task as far as I could tell. On
               | mobile you could scan each QR code separately (though
               | doing this from a webapp is probably going to be a fairly
               | awful UX and most people would prefer to photograph the
               | whole document and get everything scanned automatically).
        
         | tmpfs wrote:
         | We care about this porblem and are actively working on it, like
         | the OP we also settled on shamirs secret sharing with a time
         | lock mechanism.
         | 
         | However, there is still the issue of the service provider going
         | offline or out of business which we don't have a solution for
         | yet.
         | 
         | We have started with a good password manager and will be adding
         | digital inheritance/social recovery soon! [0]
         | 
         | Take a look, thoughts and feedback welcome.
         | 
         | [0]: https://saveoursecrets.com
        
           | eljojo wrote:
           | services going offline is a big concern for me! that's why my
           | solution is offline first, I like the idea of the encrypted
           | backup living in my friend's email inbox and working entirely
           | without internet. a true hard copy.
           | 
           | for the time lock mechanism, how do you go about it? I'm
           | interested in exploring using drand time lock, but that also
           | relies on the service continuing to run (which is admittedly
           | very likely) https://github.com/drand/tlock
        
         | ezwoodland wrote:
         | Something along the lines of reed-solomon codes could work for
         | you:
         | 
         | If you want to share your password with M family members such
         | that you only need N to agree to recover the original:
         | 
         | Split your password into ordered chunks.
         | 
         | Make a polynomial p, of power N where the p(1) = chunk1, p(2) =
         | chunk2, ...
         | 
         | Evaluate the polynomial at M other points: p(N+1),p(N+2)...
         | 
         | Gives those M new points to your family along with their index
         | (+1,+2,...).
         | 
         | If less than N family members get together, they will not be
         | able to figure out the password much better than guessing. If N
         | get together, they can interpolate their points to form the
         | unique polynomial which will match p. Then evaluate p at
         | p(1),p(2),... to get your original password.
         | 
         | If you put the whole password into 1 chunk, and pad the
         | polynomial with random extra coefficients or points to make the
         | polynomial of sufficient degree, then they get literally no
         | information on the password without having at least N
         | cooperate. If you make multiple chunks then they can do a
         | little correlation between the chunks without knowing the whole
         | thing.
         | 
         | This is sufficiently simple you can even work this out by hand
         | without a computer, though it would be somewhat tedious.
        
           | octoberfranklin wrote:
           | Reed-Solomon is error correction, not encryption.
        
         | gomox wrote:
         | Don't worry even if your heirs have the password, it's
         | extremely likely that Google will find the login attempts
         | "suspicious" and try to verify your identity by sending SMS
         | codes to a phone number you last had in 2005, despite your best
         | attempts to prevent it.
        
         | lucb1e wrote:
         | A quarter of your password manager's password means it needs to
         | be really long for it to not be bruteforceable if one or two
         | quarters are recovered (on the order of at least 24 completely
         | random alphanumeric characters)
         | 
         | Shamir's secret sharing scheme does not allow anyone to
         | bruteforce it, no matter if they have 99 out of the 100
         | required pieces that unlock a 10-character password. If you
         | want to do this sort of thing, I would recommend using a secret
         | sharing scheme instead
        
         | cyphar wrote:
         | There are much better systems for splitting data than just
         | chunking it into N chunks, the most common is Shamir Secret
         | Sharing[1] (the main benefit being that you can construct an
         | M-of-N scheme easily _and_ having N-1 shards provides you zero
         | information about the secret). One word of caution -- a lot of
         | software developers get enamored by the idea of information-
         | theoretic security when they first run into it, but you
         | eventually realise that useful applications of tools like SSS
         | are actually quite rare.
         | 
         | Shameless plug: I wrote a project a few years ago to create
         | PDF-based backups with sharded keys which would do exactly what
         | I suspect you want[2], unfortunately I got stuck at the "make a
         | nice UI for it" stage (everything works but it's just a CLI
         | tool at the moment). I guess I should take a look at using an
         | LLM for that these days... (I used this to store my password
         | manager root password and necessary keys to pull and decrypt
         | the encrypted backups of my server.)
         | 
         | [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shamir%27s_secret_sharing
         | [2]: https://github.com/cyphar/paperback/
        
       | JTbane wrote:
       | master password on paper hard copy
        
         | eljojo wrote:
         | that's so scary though! what if someone has access to it? or it
         | gets lost when you need it?
        
           | seb1204 wrote:
           | I think this is when you need to evaluate your thread
           | scenario. A) self-made crypto accessible through web or
           | browser that any cracker can find through www and use machine
           | clusters to run on or AI to work on etc. B) physical home
           | invasion that are interested in one of your A4 papers with
           | some random words that have only meaning to you and few
           | trustees.
        
           | 9x39 wrote:
           | Well, there's power of attorney, which centralizes massive
           | authority over your life with someone else, and yet people do
           | so because when you pick right, it's a useful system.
           | 
           | I'm trying to think of how this survives friends (who come
           | and go in your life) having to coordinate. Then again, some
           | people really did have PGP key signing parties...
        
       | rawgabbit wrote:
       | For my personal passwords, I use Apple's password manager. It
       | lets me share passwords with my family. I also created a folder
       | on Apple's iCloud that I share.
       | 
       | https://support.apple.com/guide/iphone/share-passwords-iphe6...
       | 
       | https://support.apple.com/guide/icloud/share-files-and-folde...
        
         | politelemon wrote:
         | Despite the convenience factor, it isn't great to use a manager
         | tied into your own ecosystem. It should exist outside, with the
         | minor factor of lesser convenience.
        
         | eljojo wrote:
         | I've been so tempted to try out the apple password manager, I'm
         | fully vested in their ecosystem, but the lock in is too big for
         | me to feel comfortable with.
         | 
         | This is the sort of stuff that terrifies me
         | https://hey.paris/posts/appleid/
        
           | rawgabbit wrote:
           | It also terrifies me. The best solution I can come up is to
           | export out my passwords to a thumb drive every few months.
        
       | croisillon wrote:
       | i thought 3M had already invented the best password safe ;)
        
         | ddtaylor wrote:
         | I think 3M also sells a $5 wrench.
        
         | eljojo wrote:
         | lol i'm so neurodivergent i had to read this 5 times to
         | understand 3M didn't just get into the encryption business
        
           | lucb1e wrote:
           | Want to clue a brother in?
           | 
           | Edit: wait, sticky notes maybe? I thought they were a tape
           | company (I'm not sure they're active in my country) but it
           | just occurred to me that maybe they sell other office
           | supplies as well
        
             | croisillon wrote:
             | Yes, Post-It(tm), where people famously write passwords
             | down
        
       | cbabraham wrote:
       | aw, friend of mine built this way back in the day
       | 
       | https://michael-solomon.net/keybearer
       | 
       | https://github.com/msolomon/keybearer
        
         | eljojo wrote:
         | no way!!!! I searched for a long time for a solution like this,
         | many could encrypt using shamir but none took an actual file
         | with browser upload and easy UX. and like, 14 years ago? my
         | hats down to you my friend.
         | 
         | my zip bundles are 1-2 megabytes due to all the wasm, and you
         | achieved this on so little. impressive job!
         | 
         | I'd love to hear what you think about mine, one of the
         | differences is that it creates a ZIP file containing the
         | recovery app in it, as well as a PDF with instructions for non-
         | technical friends. Overall trying to make the recovery
         | experience as smooth as possible.
         | 
         | but cheers, your version is the only one that I found that does
         | basically what mine does, all the others fall short one way or
         | another!
        
           | thephyber wrote:
           | I wonder how many thousands or millions of useful projects
           | are so well hidden that they are effectively nonexistent.
        
             | eljojo wrote:
             | you know, I've always thought that "If I know I have
             | something... somewhere, but I don't know where that thing
             | is is, I have effectively lost it"
        
               | mohn wrote:
               | I agree with the sentiment, and the specific wording of
               | your comment made me want to link to the classic bash.org
               | quote[0] which has consistently been in the top 5 for a
               | long time, but I just learned that we lost bash.org... :(
               | 
               | [0] https://web.archive.org/web/20230610235249/http://bas
               | h.org/?...
        
               | eljojo wrote:
               | ayyyyyyyyyyyy lmao 100%
               | 
               | also RIP bash.org found out thru you :(
        
       | econ wrote:
       | I like it. Perhaps you can use a weird idea of mine.
       | 
       | You can discard/modify part of a password before sending it to
       | your backend. Then, when you log in the server has to brute force
       | the missing part.
       | 
       | One could extend this with security questions like how many
       | children pets and cars you own. What color was your car in 2024.
       | Use that data to aid brute forcing.
       | 
       | The goal would be to be able to decrypt with fewer than 5 shards
       | but make it as computation heavy as you like. If no one remembers
       | the pink car it will take x hours longer.
        
         | eljojo wrote:
         | ohhhh that's brutal haha! for context my app runs entirely
         | clientside, but I get it, it's an interesting idea...
        
           | econ wrote:
           | I wonder if they even need a file. They could pick some
           | question and type their secret into the app, something like
           | the name of their first date etc
           | 
           | If you are to hand out files maybe it is wonderful to write
           | them a letter that serves as their shard? They might actually
           | store it some place safe and it wouldn't scream I'M A SECRET!
        
         | ImPostingOnHN wrote:
         | That is a neat take on "key strengthening", or "peppering":
         | 
         | https://crypto.stackexchange.com/questions/20578/definition-...
        
         | lucb1e wrote:
         | That sounds like a roundabout way of doing security
         | questions...
         | https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/186297/do-secur...
        
         | digiown wrote:
         | This makes little sense, IMO. Information is information. There
         | is no difference between this and just having a short/simple
         | passphrase with the PKBDF iterations turned very high. You
         | might as well shard secrets using Shamir and encode it via a
         | modified version of BIP32 words.
        
           | econ wrote:
           | I'm no crypto expert, just fooling around.
           | 
           | The security questions are like extra shares of lower value.
           | 
           | My mental model is something like burying the password in
           | your 100x100 yard. You give one friend the X and a different
           | friend the Y coordinates both rounded down to a multiple of
           | 10 meters. The security questions can be added to the X and Y
           | coordinates.
           | 
           | X = 30 + 2 + 3 + 1
           | 
           | Y = ?? + 3 + 5 + 1
           | 
           | You only have to dig 9 holes now.
        
       | cedws wrote:
       | I also gave this problem some thought:
       | https://github.com/cedws/amnesia
        
         | eljojo wrote:
         | oh hey, nice timing! good name too, I see we're both on the
         | same wavelength there. I'll link you from my readme!
        
       | gingerlime wrote:
       | Other than passwords though, I also have stuff installed at home
       | on a Synology NAS, a mail server, a VPS running some websites (my
       | own, family, my wife's), Home Assistant, Family photos with
       | backups etc etc.
       | 
       | I wonder who would not only have the passwords, but the know-how
       | to manage the whole thing, at least to transition it to more
       | managed services...
        
         | thephyber wrote:
         | Don't assume that anyone can.
         | 
         | If you want someone to be able to access it after you're gone,
         | either put 1000 BTC in it or leave instructions. Paper
         | instructions in a physical fireproof safe is way easier to deal
         | with than any digital encryption with no hints.
        
         | eljojo wrote:
         | you're completely right! the app actually guides you on some of
         | that, it generates a readme that gives you advise on what to
         | document, but I agree you can't be too careful here, the
         | passwords IS NOT ENOUGH.
         | 
         | You need to give people "a map" of where things are:
         | https://github.com/eljojo/rememory/blob/main/internal/projec...
        
         | reddalo wrote:
         | Me too. I'm starting to self-host more and more services for
         | both me and my family, and I wonder what would happen should I
         | meet a bus in a front-facing way.
        
         | Terr_ wrote:
         | I think that boils down to having a checklist addendum to go
         | with your will, an outline of accounts and data to rescue.
        
       | rkagerer wrote:
       | Nice! Good to see some tooling in this space explicitly designed
       | for simplicity and user-friendliness.
       | 
       | One practical problem to consider is the risk of those
       | distributed bundles all ending up on one or two major cloud
       | provider's infra because your friends happened to store them
       | someplace that got scooped up by OneDrive, GDrive, etc. Then
       | instead of the assumed _< threshold>_ friends being required for
       | recovery, your posture is subtley degraded to some smaller number
       | of hacked cloud providers.
       | 
       | Someone using your tool can obviously mitigate by distributing on
       | fixed media like USB keys (possibly multiple keys to each
       | individual as consumer-grade units are notorious for becoming
       | corrupted or failing after a time) along with custodial
       | instructions. Some thought into longevity is helpful here - eg.
       | rotating media out over the years as technology migrates (when
       | USB drives become the new floppy disks) and testing new browsers
       | still load up and correctly run your tool (WASM is still
       | relatively new).
       | 
       | Some protocol for confirming from time to time that your friends
       | haven't lost their shares is also prudent. I always advise any
       | disaster recovery plan that doesn't include semi-regular drills
       | isn't a plan it's just hope. There's a reason militaries, first
       | responders, disaster response agencies, etc. are always doing
       | drills.
       | 
       | I once designed something like this using sealed paper cards in
       | identified sequence - think something like the nuclear codes you
       | see in movies. Annually you call each custodian and get them to
       | break open the next one and read out the code, which attests
       | their share hasn't been lost or damaged. The routine also keeps
       | them tuned in so they don't just stuff your stuff in an attic and
       | forget about it, unable to find their piece when the time comes.
       | In this context, it also happens to be a great way to dedicate
       | some time once a year to catch up (eg. take the opportunity to
       | really focus on your friend in an intentioned way, ask about
       | what's going on in their life, etc).
       | 
       | The rest of my comments are overkill but maybe fun to discuss
       | from an academic perspective.
       | 
       | Another edge case risk is of a flawed Shamir implementation. i.e.
       | Some years from now, a bug or exploit is discovered affecting the
       | library you're using to provide that algorithm. More
       | sophisticated users who want to mitigate against that risk can
       | further silo their sensitive info - eg. only include a master
       | password and instructions in the Shamir-protected content. Put
       | the data those gain access to somewhere else (obviously with
       | redundancy) protected by different safeguards. Comes at the cost
       | of added complexity (both for maintenance and recovery).
       | 
       | Auditing to detect collusion is also something to think about in
       | schemes like these (eg. somehow watermark the decrypted output to
       | indicate which friends' shares were utilized for a particular
       | recovery - but probably only useful if the watermarked stuff is
       | likely to be conveyed outside the group of colluders). And
       | timelocks to make wrench attacks less practical (likely requires
       | some external process).
       | 
       | Finally, who conducted your Security Audit? It looks to me as if
       | someone internal (possibly with the help of AI?) basically put
       | together a bunch of checks you can run on the source code using
       | command line tools. There's definitely a ton of benefit to that
       | (often the individuals closest to a system are best positioned to
       | find weaknesses if given the time to do so) and it's nice that
       | the commands are constructed in a way other developers are likely
       | to understand if they want to perform their own review. But might
       | be a little misleading to call it an "audit", a term typically
       | taken to mean some outside professional agency is conducting an
       | independent and thorough review and formally signing off on their
       | findings.
       | 
       | Also those audit steps look pretty Linux-centric (eg. Verify
       | Share Permissions / 0600, symlink handling). Is it intended
       | development only take place on that platform?
       | 
       | Again, thanks for sharing and best of luck with your project!
        
       | 2color wrote:
       | I like that more people are thinking solving some of the problems
       | of digital inheritance we face. These are problems that are so
       | important now that so much of our lives are digital and tapping
       | into ones actual social circle seems the best way to do this.
       | 
       | Also, kudos for packaging it as a static web app. That's the one
       | platform I'm willing to bet will still function in 10 years.
        
         | lucb1e wrote:
         | As someone who still plays Windows games from 30 years ago and
         | Flash games from ~20 years ago, I'd not be so pessimistic about
         | other platforms, at least when there is no negative sentiment
         | towards it and a good track record of stability. Not to say
         | that the web is not among the best choices
        
       | mikkupikku wrote:
       | I'm a firm believer in passwords on sticky notes.
       | 
       |  _(At home of course, people get pissy if you do this at work!)_
        
       | Yodel0914 wrote:
       | We use Vaultwarden and Bitwarden to share passwords with the
       | family. My wife has my master password and I have hers.
       | 
       | The bigger issue if I drop dead is all the nontrivial tech crap I
       | have set up (self hosted Vaultwarden included...).
        
         | karussell wrote:
         | Honest question: what is the benefit of such a specialized
         | service compared to just an encrypted file with all your
         | passwords that you share via some common file sharing service
         | (hosted or self-hosted)
        
           | mawax wrote:
           | A few years ago I switched from KeePass, with the database
           | stored in Dropbox, to a SaaS password manager. My primary
           | reasons where:
           | 
           | - No more sync conflicts when using multiple devices
           | 
           | - Backups are taken care off
           | 
           | - It's harder to steal the database
           | 
           | - Slightly better browser and mobile extensions for auto-
           | filling passwords
        
       | rektlessness wrote:
       | As our identities get more fragmented across devices, clouds, and
       | cranial volatility, I expect digital wills that withstand real-
       | world decay to become the norm.
        
       | kzalesak wrote:
       | Thank you for this tool. We have been looking at shamir schemes
       | in our org for encrypting backup, and decided against it for the
       | reasons of being too complicated. Maybe it is time to revisit it
       | again.
        
       | Terr_ wrote:
       | The "lost my memory" scenario differs a bit from death/succession
       | planning in that you can use biometrics... but IMO it's better to
       | jump straight to the latter and concuss two birds with one stone.
        
       | octoberfranklin wrote:
       | Shamir Secret Sharing is _notoriously_ difficult to implement
       | correctly, and even the smallest most subtle bugs result in total
       | compromise.
       | 
       | Consider whether you really need this.
       | 
       | Doing 7-choose-5 separate multiparty encryptions is way harder to
       | screw up. Is having to produce 42 ciphertexts really a
       | dealbreaker?
        
         | kortex wrote:
         | They are using the Hashicorp Vault implementation, and it's
         | been around for years. I think we can safely say they know what
         | they are doing.
        
       | aforwardslash wrote:
       | 5 out of 7 means you cannot be in an eg. car accident with more
       | than 2 of them at a time, if there is the possibility of all of
       | them present in the car not surviving.
       | 
       | Im also quite more practical - there are responsabilities that
       | may go beyond a simple memory loss - eg. If one is in a coma or
       | just hospitalized for a long period of time; trusted third
       | parties may require access to your accounts even for simple stuff
       | like paying bills/rent/cloud services.
        
       | Joel_Mckay wrote:
       | Dead man's switch doesn't necessarily mean the operator has
       | expired
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_man's_switch
       | 
       | They are an important feature in autonomous systems, critical
       | equipment, and deterrents. =3
        
       | mhb wrote:
       | Step 1. Get 7 friends
        
       | ShrootBuck wrote:
       | I have to say, this is a very cool project, and I love how
       | everything you need is packaged up nicely for distribution
        
       | crazygringo wrote:
       | TouchID is a good starting point... though it does confirm your
       | password weekly.
       | 
       | Somewhat tongue-in-cheek, but if I lose my memory, how am I
       | supposed to remember the 7 (or 5) friends who have my
       | password...?
       | 
       | Somewhat less tongue-in-cheek, if you _really_ wanted to be
       | serious about your friends not being able to produce your
       | password _now_ for the lolz, then you 'd actually want to ensure
       | they were merely acquaintances who didn't know each other and
       | couldn't find each other, e.g. not all Facebook friends. In which
       | case the list of friends becomes essentially as important as the
       | password, and then how do you remember where you've stored that
       | list?
       | 
       | In reality, hopefully you can just entrust your master password
       | with your closest family (spouse, parent, adult children),
       | assuming they're not going to drain your bank account or read
       | your private digital journal.
        
       | unbad505 wrote:
       | I just keep my password manager password hidden in a journal
        
       | 0gs wrote:
       | sorry if i missed this question. how do you remember you have
       | this vault?
        
         | eljojo wrote:
         | i tell my friends about it, so they remind me in case I lose my
         | memory
        
       | 0gs wrote:
       | sorry if i missed this elsewhere: how do you remind yourself this
       | vault exists? do you have to explain the whole thing to your 7
       | lifelines?
        
       | Brajeshwar wrote:
       | Start treating the Future-You like a Stranger. Write for that
       | stranger, your Future-You will thank you. We think we will
       | remember, but we won't. So, don't be too harsh on yourself and
       | make it easier for your future-you. If that stranger finds it
       | easier, it will also be for others; your relatives, kids, etc.
       | 
       | Unless your work and life need to be very secretive, or involve
       | matters of national or international importance, I personally
       | think a simpler printed/written format that works without
       | electronics/Internet would be a better option. Of course, the
       | printed details can have simple encryption, which your
       | family/friends can break using day-to-day quirks you shared, such
       | as the family secret codes, the name of that pet in the town you
       | grew up in, or the middle name from the story of your great-
       | grandfather, etc.
       | 
       | Some time ago, my mother-in-law (erstwhile teacher) and my
       | godmother-aunty (businesswoman) began to forget many things.
       | Their kids have tried quite a few phone apps and whatnot with
       | electronics. Finally, I have suggested enforcing just two things:
       | a lot of Valet bowls around the house (at common places in all
       | the rooms) and pocket notebooks with pens attached. They just
       | write anything and everything, from money to kitchen items to
       | anything they want. If they forgot something, refer to the
       | notebooks. If a key is lost, try the Valet Bowl. Now, my plan is
       | to train their muscle memory to drop/pick from the bowl (don't
       | try to remember) and write things down.
       | 
       | The idea of Valet Bowls comes from something someone mentioned on
       | Hacker News.
        
         | cyode wrote:
         | This comment right?
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41220059
         | 
         | (Funny how I can remember this comment from many months ago
         | after never implementing the bowls, but I currently can't
         | remember where my car keys are. Should have implemented the
         | bowls...)
        
           | Brajeshwar wrote:
           | Oh God, Yes. Now, in my favorited posts and comments.
           | 
           | For keys, there is only one place: the Keyholder wall-mounted
           | near the main door, while still visible from the main Hall.
           | Not easy to pick and go by "guests" without being seen by
           | someone, but easy for residents to just walk out with one. I
           | got the exact same ones from Amazon and wall-mounted them in
           | all the homes where I serve as Printer-Repair Guy. 10+ years,
           | I kinda have trained every family member's muscle memory,
           | "Keys go there and only there." ;-)
           | 
           | Add/Edit: I also have a sticker I printed stuck to the
           | Keyholder, in Monica's words from Friends, "Got the Keys?"
        
             | thebruce87m wrote:
             | "A place for everything and everything in its place"
        
         | hoppp wrote:
         | I talk to future me in code comments all the time and future me
         | really appreciates past me for doing that.
         | 
         | Thank you past me for thinking about future me. Present me
         | happy.
        
           | EvanAnderson wrote:
           | I consider learning the joy of receiving gifts from my past
           | self to be a major point of career and life development.
        
       | seized wrote:
       | Look at Bitwardens Emergency Access:
       | 
       | https://bitwarden.com/help/emergency-access/
       | 
       | Would also cover banking details or whatever else you want to put
       | in there.
        
         | csullivannet wrote:
         | > Trusted emergency contacts must be existing Bitwarden users
         | 
         | While the motivation is similar this basically kills the
         | feature. It requires that your friends not only use but
         | continue to maintain their accounts.
         | 
         | From my understanding of OP's implementation, being completely
         | offline they can basically just keep the key on a USB or file
         | store of any kind.
         | 
         | Personally I think the most robust solution is single key
         | access (a la emergency kit), distributed in one or more secure
         | bank vaults for redundancy (many still do offer these for free
         | or cheaply for small boxes). Put instructions in your (living)
         | will and done.
        
           | hypeatei wrote:
           | > just keep the key on a USB or file store of any kind
           | 
           | Similar arguments could be made against this too: trusted
           | contacts need to make sure the USB isn't damaged or lost and
           | that the files haven't been corrupted. At the end of the day,
           | these types of recovery flows require some level of
           | engagement which in itself is an issue since human beings are
           | very flawed.
        
       | KevinChasse wrote:
       | Interesting approach. I like that this is explicit about human
       | recovery rather than pretending crypto alone solves catastrophe.
       | That said, this design and fully stateless systems like mine
       | (deterministic derivation, no escrow) are solving opposite
       | failure modes. Shamir-based social recovery assumes: trusted
       | third parties remain reachable, they are willing and able to
       | cooperate, and that recovery is an exceptional event. Stateless
       | systems assume the inverse: no one can be relied on, recovery is
       | impossible by design, and the primary threat is silent compromise
       | rather than lockout. Neither is "better" universally; they're
       | value judgments. What I appreciate here is that the tradeoffs are
       | made explicit instead of buried behind UX. One open question I'd
       | be curious about: how you reason about coercion risk over time
       | (friends change, incentives change), and whether you see this as
       | something users should periodically re-shard as relationships
       | evolve.
        
         | eljojo wrote:
         | thanks for your thorough review and congrats on your launch!
         | for my personal use case, I'm not worried about coercion, but
         | many have highlighted it as a real risk. my answer to that is
         | to do what you suggest: update my contact list yearly, send new
         | ZIP files with bundles, and ask them to delete the previous
         | ones.
        
       | joeframbach wrote:
       | See also: Horcrux. https://github.com/jefdaj/horcrux
        
       | Waterluvian wrote:
       | I still remember regions!
       | 
       | https://www.folklore.org/I_Still_Remember_Regions.html
        
         | eljojo wrote:
         | great story :')
        
       | utopiah wrote:
       | Ah, I actually did something similar years ago. I basically
       | hashed individual pages of my wiki and I think I published the
       | hash of hashes on the Blockchain. Anyway I didn't need it and
       | stop maintaining that system but definitely interesting
       | explorations.
       | 
       | To clarify the hashing was to verify that the pages were indeed
       | modified by me, to prevent tempering.
       | 
       | Damn, found it back, was in 2011!
       | 
       | in English https://fabien.benetou.fr/Slideshows/MemoryLoss
       | 
       | in French https://fabien.benetou.fr/Slideshows/MemoryLossPES
        
         | utopiah wrote:
         | FWIW as I commented just earlier if you have to verify without
         | relying on memory nor a public note (e.g. sticker on screen)
         | that others could use to pollute your data then use a biometric
         | mechanism, e.g. YubiKey Bio.
        
       | procaryote wrote:
       | A lower tech version would be to pick a very long recovery
       | passphrase, cut it in two or three and give it to two or three
       | friends. It doesn't give you N out of M, but it will be good
       | enough for a lot of real world scenarios
        
         | konha wrote:
         | I don't know. Depending on how much time passes between now and
         | the moment you try to recover the key I bet at least one of
         | your friends will have misplaced or lost that piece of paper.
        
       | sjducb wrote:
       | This could be a useful tool for putting self hosted Bitcoin in a
       | will.
       | 
       | If you self host then die no one can access your coins. Lawyers
       | don't want to be trusted with copies of secret phrases because of
       | liability if the bitcoin gets stolen. If you encrypt the bitcoin
       | recovery info across several files you can give part to the
       | lawyer and part to different beneficiaries.
        
       | nesk_ wrote:
       | I've been searching for a solution to let my wife have access to
       | my master password if I die someday. This is definitely something
       | that could work, thank you!
        
       | trueismywork wrote:
       | Very cool, but I must say the best way is still a paper with
       | master password in a bank locker. May be distributed it if needed
       | gor additional security.
        
       | yieldcrv wrote:
       | > 5 out of 7
       | 
       | too high
        
       | mjanx123 wrote:
       | A sticker with your password to the monitor, like everybody else
        
         | fragmede wrote:
         | That's stupid! I put mine under the keyboard. Way more secure
         | :p
        
           | ninalanyon wrote:
           | I know that you and the person you are responding to are
           | joking (probably) but this does in fact seem like a much
           | simpler way of solving the problem and really not much less
           | secure if we are talking about a home computer.
        
         | utopiah wrote:
         | At least if you go that route use a biometric authentication
         | mechanism, e.g. YubiKey Bio.
        
       | generic92034 wrote:
       | I personally do not really care if my relatives are able to
       | access everything I was able to access once I am dead or forget
       | everything. But they should be able to access anything of
       | monetary worth.
       | 
       | So, without any crypto my belongings are either real estate or
       | depots and accounts at banks. Both can easily be discovered in
       | case of my death. I think there is a similar discovery process if
       | I am subject to guardianship (permanently).
        
         | scaradim wrote:
         | goal for the rest of your life: prepare and leave after your
         | death more that real estate and bank accounts to your relatives
         | and friends.
        
           | generic92034 wrote:
           | I am already doing this with our shared experiences and
           | memories. But why do I need to add my online activities to
           | that? I see no good reason.
        
       | kunley wrote:
       | The idea is very noble.
       | 
       | In am just thinking about the number of 5, who these times has
       | really five trustable friends not just acquaintances or people
       | bound by some specific activity perishing over time. I am afraid,
       | for most people in the digital era this number is much lower (and
       | I am certainly not speaking for myself now).
        
         | eljojo wrote:
         | "who has five friends?" has been the number one comment I've
         | received on this, by far. a bubble just popped for me
        
           | kortex wrote:
           | You should add a feature where you can select the
           | shares/threshold, with 3/5 being the default.
           | 
           | edit: d'oh! you do, I didn't get that far into using it yet
           | cause I was on mobile.
        
       | fruitworks wrote:
       | What technique did you use for the timelock encryption?
        
         | eljojo wrote:
         | I don't have timelock encryption, but have been looking into
         | integrating https://docs.drand.love/docs/timelock-
         | encryption/#use-cases
        
       | commandersaki wrote:
       | We need a standard or reference for an SSS combined encryption
       | mechanism. It definitely has value, but I don't think anyone will
       | trust a single lonesome implementation no matter how good it is.
        
       | meander_water wrote:
       | Seems similar to a Show HN from 5 years ago:
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=26256726
       | 
       | I gotta say Horcrux is a catchier name ;)
        
         | nmstoker wrote:
         | Definitely catchier name!
        
         | kortex wrote:
         | Until you get sued by JK Rowling. Unlikely? sure, but I wanted
         | to decouple for other reasons.
         | 
         | That's why i went with PassCrux for mine. Can't argue that it's
         | too close, since "crux" is just latin for cross, as in "crux of
         | the matter" (JK likely invented horcrux as a portmanteau of
         | horror + crux).
         | 
         | https://github.com/xkortex/passcrux
        
       | nubinetwork wrote:
       | If you're not encrypting your hard drive, cracking a local
       | Windows password is easy... Linux is even easier, but you just
       | need a livecd to get back in either way...
       | 
       | Online accounts on the other hand... I hope you used something
       | like lastpass. :)
       | 
       | Honestly, anything more than this is completely overkill.
        
         | graemep wrote:
         | That is why you should be encrypting your hard drive. You do
         | not want it to be that easy.
        
       | mdavid626 wrote:
       | Sticky notes?
        
       | vladde wrote:
       | then your friends conspire together against you and gain access
       | to your system on their own /j
        
       | giantfrog wrote:
       | This system introduces a fun question: What's more likely, that
       | you suffer total spontaneous memory loss or your best friends
       | betray you?
        
         | Schmerika wrote:
         | I think you'd have to plot a curve based on the potential
         | reward of betrayal... I suspect that many Americans* would have
         | their 5th closest friends committed or worse for low 6 figures.
         | If in ~dire straits, as about half all Americans are, that
         | number could get much lower.
         | 
         | * If my use of the word 'Americans' above is triggering, feel
         | free to substitute it with 'people'.
        
           | whycombinetor wrote:
           | Yea, this project gives less "my contract partners will
           | benevolently read my diary after I die" than "enabling and
           | incentivizing my closest friends to hold a vote to
           | redistribute all my assets amongst themselves"
        
       | ck2 wrote:
       | not just illness but age too will "bitrot" your brain
       | 
       | fifteen years ago I decided to fiddle around one winter and learn
       | a newfangled thing called "bitcoin" and setup my computer to run
       | 24/7 and heat my apartment as a benefit
       | 
       | after mining a dozen coins which were worth next to nothing then,
       | I gave up and took apart the PC and put it away
       | 
       | fast-forward to 2020 and covid/long-covid has now rotted my
       | brain, swiss-cheesed my mind to the point I cannot remember the
       | password for the life of me
       | 
       | I was too clever then for future me, and used a long passphrase
       | that made funny sense then but beyond me now
       | 
       | (they are worth over a million dollars at times now)
       | 
       | In hindsight:
       | 
       | go find a book in your library and pick a random page and write
       | the password or a significant hint to the password on that page
       | and then put it away (don't put any other indication on that
       | paper)
        
         | vulcan01 wrote:
         | Libraries get rid of books in poor condition and loan books to
         | other libraries, and patrons regularly fail to return books.
        
       | knifeinhead wrote:
       | Unfortunately, for this to work, you need friends...
        
       | notesinthefield wrote:
       | Things like biometrics and hardware keys make this an easy fix -
       | were they a consideration?
        
       | kube-system wrote:
       | If you are preparing for accidents where memory loss might be an
       | issue you might also want to consider that you could quickly be
       | in a situation where:
       | 
       | * you forget that you have a clever password scheme
       | 
       | * you forget that you have data to decrypt
       | 
       | * your mental capacities are deteriorated enough that someone
       | else takes over decisions making for you. This person may not
       | know you or your data protection scheme.
       | 
       | * you are physically injured where biometrics are non functional.
       | Or a biometric system with a limit on tries may have been tripped
       | by those trying to help you.
       | 
       | * you were in an incident that your friends/family were also
       | affected by
       | 
       | In my opinion, the best way to protect against these is simply
       | write stuff down in plaintext somewhere that relies on physical
       | security, like with documents in your home. Also notate what they
       | are and why someone would need to access them and how.
        
         | kortex wrote:
         | That's why you have a public-ish recovery guide for all the
         | other steps.
        
       | rodolphoarruda wrote:
       | My family members know of my physical "red notebook" and its
       | location. It has instructions on how to access my digital life on
       | detail.
        
       | kortex wrote:
       | Glad to see this idea getting traction!
       | 
       | Had the same idea years ago (same hashicorp lib too) but lost
       | motivation to polish it to the point I felt confident enough to
       | Show HN. https://github.com/xkortex/passcrux
       | 
       | But given recent events, I want to restart work on it.
       | 
       | My use-case revolved more around preserving a master password
       | e.g. to a password manager. I also wanted to support self-hosted
       | backup, like hiding shares and giving directions to the parts to
       | trusted friends. The shamir sharing part was straightforward but
       | i really want to add forward error-correction to protect against
       | partial data loss.
        
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