[HN Gopher] The Waymo World Model
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       The Waymo World Model
        
       Author : xnx
       Score  : 1107 points
       Date   : 2026-02-06 16:20 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (waymo.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (waymo.com)
        
       | xnx wrote:
       | > The Waymo World Model can convert those kinds of videos, or any
       | taken with a regular camera, into a multimodal simulation--
       | showing how the Waymo Driver would see that exact scene.
       | 
       | Subtle brag that Waymo could drive in camera-only mode if they
       | chose to. They've stated as much previously, but that doesn't
       | seem widely known.
        
         | bonsai_spool wrote:
         | I think I'm misunderstanding - they're converting video into
         | their representation which was bootstrapped with LIDAR, video
         | and other sensors. I feel you're alluding to Tesla, but Tesla
         | could never have this outcome since they never had a LIDAR
         | phase.
         | 
         | (edit - I'm referring to deployed Tesla vehicles, I don't know
         | what their research fleet comprises, but other commenters
         | explain that this fleet does collect LIDAR)
        
           | yakz wrote:
           | Tesla does collect LIDAR data (people have seen them doing
           | it, it's just not on all of the cars) and they do generate
           | depth maps from sensor data, but from the examples I've seen
           | it is much lower resolution than these Waymo examples.
        
             | justapassenger wrote:
             | Tesla does it to map the areas to come up with high def
             | maps for areas where their cars try to operate.
        
               | vardump wrote:
               | Tesla uses lidar to train their models to generate depth
               | data out of camera input. I don't think they have any
               | high definition maps.
        
           | smallmancontrov wrote:
           | They can and they do.
           | 
           | https://youtu.be/LFh9GAzHg1c?t=872
           | 
           | They've also built it into a full neural simulator.
           | 
           | https://youtu.be/LFh9GAzHg1c?t=1063
           | 
           | I think what we are seeing is that they both converged on the
           | correct approach, one of them decided to talk about it, and
           | it triggered disclosure all around since nobody wants to be
           | seen as lagging.
        
             | tfehring wrote:
             | I watched that video around both timestamps and didn't see
             | or hear any mention of LIDAR, only of video.
        
               | smallmancontrov wrote:
               | Exactly: they convert video into a world model
               | representation suitable for 3D exploration and simulation
               | without using LIDAR (except perhaps for scale
               | calibration).
        
               | tfehring wrote:
               | My mistake - I misinterpreted your comment, but after re-
               | reading more carefully, it's clear that the video
               | confirms exactly what you said.
        
             | IhateAI_3 wrote:
             | tesla is not impressive, I would never put my child in one
        
         | uejfiweun wrote:
         | I've always wondered... if Lidar + Cameras is always making the
         | right decision, you should theoretically be able to take the
         | output of the Lidar + Cameras model and use it as training data
         | for a Camera only model.
        
           | olex wrote:
           | That's exactly what Tesla is doing with their validation
           | vehicles, the ones with Lidar towers on top. They establish
           | the "ground truth" from Lidar and use that to train and/or
           | test the vision model. Presumably more "test", since they've
           | most often been seen in Robotaxi service expansion areas
           | shortly before fleet deployment.
        
             | bob_theslob646 wrote:
             | Is that exactly true though? Can you give a reference for
             | that?
        
               | olex wrote:
               | I don't have a specific source, no. I think it was
               | mentioned in one of their presentation a few years back,
               | that they use various techniques for "ground truth" for
               | vision training, among those was time series (depth
               | change over time should be continuous etc) and iirc also
               | "external" sources for depth data, like LiDAR. And their
               | validation cars equipped with LiDAR towers are definitely
               | being seen everywhere they are rolling out their Robotaxi
               | services.
        
               | senordevnyc wrote:
               | _are definitely being seen everywhere they are rolling
               | out their Robotaxi services_
               | 
               | So...nowhere?
        
           | __alexs wrote:
           | > you should theoretically be able to take the output of the
           | Lidar + Cameras model and use it as training data for a
           | Camera only model.
           | 
           | Why should you be able to do that exactly? Human vision is
           | frequently tricked by it's lack of depth data.
        
             | scarmig wrote:
             | "Exactly" is impossible: there are multiple Lidar samples
             | that would map to the same camera sample. But what training
             | would do is build a model that could infer the most likely
             | Lidar representation from a camera representation. There
             | would still be cases where the most likely Lidar for a
             | camera input isn't a useful/good representation of reality,
             | e.g. a scene with very high dynamic range.
        
           | etrautmann wrote:
           | Sure, but those models would never have online access to
           | information only provided in lidar data...
        
             | tfehring wrote:
             | No, but if you run a shadow or offline camera-only model in
             | parallel with a camera + LIDAR model, you can (1) measure
             | how much worse the camera-only model is so you can decide
             | when (if ever) it's safe enough to stop installing LIDAR,
             | and (2) look at the specific inputs for which the models
             | diverge and focus on improving the camera-only model in
             | those situations.
        
           | dbcurtis wrote:
           | No, I don't think that will be successful. Consider a day
           | where the temperature and humidity is just right to make tail
           | pipe exhaust form dense fog clouds. That will be opaque or
           | nearly so to a camera, transparent to a radar, and I would
           | assume something in between to a lidar. Multi-modal sensor
           | fusion is always going to be more reliable at classifying
           | some kinds of challenging scene segments. It doesn't take
           | long to imagine many other scenarios where fusing the returns
           | of multiple sensors is going to greatly increase
           | classification accuracy.
        
             | rogerrogerr wrote:
             | The goal is not to drive in all conditions; it is to drive
             | in all drivable conditions. Human eyeballs also cannot see
             | through dense fog clouds. Operating in these environments
             | is extra credit with marginal utility in real life.
        
               | fcantournet wrote:
               | But humans react to this extremely differently than a
               | self driving car. Humans take responsability, and the
               | self-driving disengages and say : WELP. Oh sorry were you
               | "enjoying your travel time to do something useful" as we
               | very explicitely marketed ? Well now your wife is dead
               | and it's your fault (legally). Kisses, Elon.
        
         | shihab wrote:
         | I think there are two steps here: converting video to sensor
         | data input, and using that sensor data to drive. Only the
         | second step will be handled by cars on road, first one is
         | purely for training.
        
         | ActorNightly wrote:
         | The purpose of lidar is to prove error correction when you need
         | it most in terms of camera accuracy loss.
         | 
         | Humans do this, just in the sense of depth perception with both
         | eyes.
        
           | dbt00 wrote:
           | (Always worth noting, human depth perception is not just
           | based on stereoscopic vision, but also with focal distance,
           | which is why so many people get simulator sickness from
           | stereoscopic 3d VR)
        
             | mikepurvis wrote:
             | My understanding is that contextual clues are a big part of
             | it too. We see a the pitcher wind up and throw a baseball
             | as us more than we stereoscopically track its progress from
             | the mound to the plate.
             | 
             | More subtly, a lot of depth information comes from how big
             | we expect things to be, since everyday life is full of
             | things we intuitively know the sizes of, frames of
             | reference in the form of people, vehicles, furniture, etc .
             | This is why the forced perspective of theme park castles is
             | so effective-- our brains want to see those upper windows
             | as full sized, so we see the thing as 2-3x bigger than it
             | actually is. And in the other direction, a lot of buildings
             | in Las Vegas are further away than they look because hotels
             | like the Bellagio have large black boxes on them that group
             | a 2x2 block of the actual room windows.
        
             | kevindamm wrote:
             | Actually the reason people experience vection in VR is not
             | focal depth but the dissonance between what their eyes are
             | telling them and what their inner ear and tactile senses
             | are telling them.
             | 
             | It's possible they get headaches from the focal length
             | issues but that's different.
        
             | wolrah wrote:
             | > Always worth noting, human depth perception is not just
             | based on stereoscopic vision, but also with focal distance
             | 
             | Also subtle head and eye movements, which is something a
             | lot of people like to ignore when discussing camera-based
             | autonomy. Your eyes are always moving around which changes
             | the perspective and gives a much better view of depth as we
             | observe parallax effects. If you need a better view in a
             | given direction you can turn or move your head. Fixed
             | cameras mounted to a car's windshield can't do either of
             | those things, so you need many more of them at higher
             | resolutions to even come close to the amount of data the
             | human eye can gather.
        
               | disillusioned wrote:
               | Easiest example I always give of this is pulling out of
               | the alley behind my house: there is a large bush that
               | occludes my view left to oncoming traffic, badly. I do
               | what every human does:
               | 
               | 1. Crane my neck forward, see if I can see around it.
               | 
               | 2. Inch forward a bit more, keep craning my neck.
               | 
               | 3. Recognize, no, I'm still occluded.
               | 
               | 4. Count on the heuristic analysis of the light filtering
               | through the bush and determine if the change in light is
               | likely movement associated with an oncoming car.
               | 
               | My Tesla's perpendicular camera is... mounted behind my
               | head on the B-pillar... fixed... and sure as hell can't
               | read the tea leaves, so to speak, to determine if that
               | slight shadow change increases the likelihood that a car
               | is about to hit us.
               | 
               | I honestly don't trust it to pull out of the alley. I
               | don't know how I can. I'd basically have to be nose-into-
               | right-lane for it to be far enough ahead to see
               | conclusively.
               | 
               | Waymo can beam the LIDAR above and around the bush, owing
               | to its height and the distance it can receive from, and
               | its camera coverage to the perpendicular is far better.
               | Vision only misses so many weird edge cases, and I hate
               | that Elon just keeps saying "well, humans have only TWO
               | cameras and THEY drive fine every day! h'yuck!"
        
             | CobrastanJorji wrote:
             | I keep wondering about the focal depth problem. It feels
             | potentially solvable, but I have no idea how. I keep
             | wondering if it could be as simple as a Magic Eye
             | Autostereogram sort of thing, but I don't think that's it.
             | 
             | There have been a few attempts at solving this, but I
             | assume that for some optical reason actual lenses need to
             | be adjusted and it can't just be a change in the image?
             | Meta had "Varifocal HMDs" being shown off for a bit, which
             | I think literally moved the screen back and forth. There
             | were a couple of "Multifocal" attempts with multiple
             | stacked displays, but that seemed crazy. Computer Generated
             | Holography sounded very promising, but I don't know if a
             | good one has ever been built. A startup called Creal
             | claimed to be able to use "digital light fields", which
             | basically project stuff right onto the retina, which sounds
             | kinda hogwashy to me but maybe it works?
        
             | FrojoS wrote:
             | In fact there are even more depth perception clues. Maybe
             | the most obvious is size (retinal versus assumed real world
             | size). Further examples include motion parallax, linear
             | perspective, occlusion, shadows, and light gradients
             | 
             | Here is a study on how these effects rank when it's comes
             | to (hand) reaching tasks in VR:
             | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29293512/
        
           | SecretDreams wrote:
           | > Humans do this, just in the sense of depth perception with
           | both eyes.
           | 
           | Humans do this with vibes and instincts, not just depth
           | perception. When I can't see the lines on the road because
           | there's too much slow, I can still interpret where they would
           | be based on my familiarity with the roads and my implicit
           | knowledge of how roads work, e.g. We do similar things for
           | heavy rain or fog, although, sometimes those situations truly
           | necessitate pulling over or slowing down and turning on your
           | 4s - lidar might genuinely given an advantage there.
        
             | pookeh wrote:
             | That's the purpose of the neural networks
        
               | array_key_first wrote:
               | Yes and no - vibes and instincts isn't just thought, it's
               | real senses. Humans have a lot of senses; dozens of them.
               | Including balance, pain, sense of passage of time, and
               | body orientation. Not all of these senses are represented
               | in autonomous vehicles, and it's not really clear how the
               | brain mashes together all these senses to make decisions.
        
           | pants2 wrote:
           | Another way humans perceive depth is by moving our heads and
           | perceiving parallax.
        
           | menaerus wrote:
           | How expensive is their lidar system?
        
             | eptcyka wrote:
             | Less than the lives it saves.
        
             | hangonhn wrote:
             | Hesai has driven the cost into the $200 to 400 range now.
             | That said I don't know what they cost for the ones needed
             | for driving. Either way we've gone from thousands or tens
             | of thousands into the hundreds dollar range now.
        
               | bragr wrote:
               | Looking at prices, I think you are wrong and automotive
               | Lidar is still in the 4 to 5 figure range. HESAI might
               | ship Lidar units that cheap, but automotive grade still
               | seems quite expensive:
               | https://www.cratustech.com/shop/lidar/
        
               | tzs wrote:
               | Those are single unit prices. The AT128 for instance,
               | which is listed at $6250 there and widely used by several
               | Chinese car companies was around $900 per unit in high
               | volume and over time they lowered that to around $400.
               | 
               | The next generation of that, the ATX, is the one they
               | have said would be half that cost. According to regulator
               | filings in China BYD will be using this on entry level
               | $10k cars.
               | 
               | Hesai got the price down for their new generation by
               | several optimizations. They are using their own designs
               | for lasers, receivers, and driver chips which reduced
               | component counts and material costs. They have stepped up
               | production to 1.5 million units a year giving them mass
               | production efficiencies.
        
               | bragr wrote:
               | That model only has a 120 degree field of view so you'd
               | need 3-4 of them per car (plus others for blind spots,
               | they sell units for that too). That puts the total system
               | cost in the low thousands, not the 200 to 400 stated by
               | GP. I'm not saying it hasn't gotten cheaper or won't keep
               | getting cheaper, it just doesn't seem that cheap yet.
        
             | xnx wrote:
             | Cheaper every year.
        
               | hijnksforall wrote:
               | Exactly.
               | 
               | Tesla told us their strategy was vertical integration and
               | scale to drive down all input costs in manufacturing
               | these vehicles...
               | 
               | ...oh, except lidar, that's going to be expensive
               | forever, for some reason?
        
             | jmux wrote:
             | Waymo does their LiDAR in-house, so unfortunately we don't
             | know the specs or the cost
        
               | nerdsniper wrote:
               | Otto and Uber and the CEO of https://pronto.ai do though
               | (tongue-in-cheek)
               | 
               | > Then, in December 2016, Waymo received evidence
               | suggesting that Otto and Uber were actually using Waymo's
               | trade secrets and patented LiDAR designs. On December 13,
               | Waymo received an email from one of its LiDAR-component
               | vendors. The email, which a Waymo employee was copied on,
               | was titled OTTO FILES and its recipients included an
               | email alias indicating that the thread was a discussion
               | among members of the vendor's "Uber" team. Attached to
               | the email was a machine drawing of what purported to be
               | an Otto circuit board (the "Replicated Board") that bore
               | a striking resemblance to - and shared several unique
               | characteristics with - Waymo's highly confidential
               | current-generation LiDAR circuit board, the design of
               | which had been downloaded by Mr. Levandowski before his
               | resignation.
               | 
               | The presiding judge, Alsup, said, "this is the biggest
               | trade secret crime I have ever seen. This was not small.
               | This was massive in scale."
               | 
               | (Pronto connection: Levandowski got pardoned by Trump and
               | is CEO of Pronto autonomous vehicles.)
               | 
               | https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2017/02/waymo-
               | googles-se...
        
               | ra7 wrote:
               | We know Waymo reduced their LiDAR price from $75,000 to
               | ~$7500 back in 2017 when they started designing them in-
               | house: https://arstechnica.com/cars/2017/01/googles-
               | waymo-invests-i...
               | 
               | That was 2 generations of hardware ago (4th gen Chrysler
               | Pacificas). They are about to introduce 6th gen hardware.
               | It's a safe bet that it's much cheaper now, given how
               | mass produced LiDARs cost ~$200.
        
           | robotresearcher wrote:
           | Human depth perception uses stereo out to only about 2 or 3
           | meters, after which the distance between your eyes is not a
           | useful baseline. Beyond 3m we use context clues and depth
           | from motion when available.
        
             | aylons wrote:
             | Thanks, saved some work.
             | 
             | And I'll add that it in practice it is not even that much
             | unless you're doing some serious training, like a
             | professional athlete. For most tasks, the accurate depth
             | perception from this fades around the length of the arms.
        
             | cyanydeez wrote:
             | ok, but a care is a few meters wide, isn't that enough for
             | driving depth perception similar to humans
        
               | robotresearcher wrote:
               | The depths you are trying to estimate are to the other
               | cars, people, turnings, obstacles, etc. Could be 100m
               | away or more on the highway.
        
               | cyanydeez wrote:
               | ok, but the point trying to be made is based on human's
               | depth perception, but a car's basic limitation is the
               | width of the vehicle, so there's missing information if
               | you're trying to figure out if a car can use cameras to
               | do what human eyes/brains do.
        
               | robotresearcher wrote:
               | The width of your own vehicle is (pretty much) a
               | constant, and trivial to know. Ford F150 is ~79.9 inches.
               | Done. No sensors needed.
               | 
               | All the shit out there in the world is another story.
        
               | cyanydeez wrote:
               | You misundestood the assignment.
               | 
               | Write a sonnet about Elon musk.
        
               | acomjean wrote:
               | Humans are very good at processing the images that come
               | into our brain. Each eye has a "blind spot" but we don't
               | notice. Our eyes adjust color (fluorescent lights are
               | weird) and the amount of light coming in. When we look
               | through a screen door or rain and just ignore it, or if
               | you look outside a moving vehicle to the side you can
               | ignore the foreground.
               | 
               | If you increase the distance of stereo cameras you
               | probably can increase depth perception.
               | 
               | But a lidar or radar sensor is just sensing distance.
        
               | robotresearcher wrote:
               | Radar has a cool property that it can sense the relative
               | velocity of objects along the beam axis too, from Doppler
               | frequency shifting. It's one sense that cars have that
               | humans don't.
        
               | disillusioned wrote:
               | To this point, one of the coolest features Teslas _used_
               | to have was the ability for it to determine and integrate
               | the speed of the car in front of you AND the speed of the
               | car in front of THAT car, even if the second car was
               | entirely visually occluded. They did this by bouncing the
               | radar beam under the car in front and determining that
               | there were multiple targets. It could even act on this: I
               | had my car AEB when the second ahead car slammed on THEIR
               | brakes before the car ahead even reacted. Absolutely
               | wild. Completely gone in vision-only.
        
               | chippiewill wrote:
               | The company I used to work for was developing a self
               | driving car with stereo depth on a wide baseline.
               | 
               | It's not all sunshine and roses to be honest - it was one
               | of the weakest links in the perception system. The video
               | had to run at way higher resolutions than it would
               | otherwise and it was incredibly sensitive to calibration
               | accuracy.
        
         | mycall wrote:
         | That is still important for safety reasons in case someone uses
         | a LiDAR jamming system to try to force you into an accident.
        
           | Jyaif wrote:
           | If somebody wants to hurt you while you are traveling in a
           | car, there are simpler ways.
        
           | etrautmann wrote:
           | It's way easier to "jam" a camera with bright light than a
           | lidar, which uses both narrow band optical filters and pulsed
           | signals with filters to detect that temporal sequence. If I
           | were an adversary, going after cameras is way way easier.
        
             | sroussey wrote:
             | Oh yeah, point a q-beam at a Tesla at night, lol.
             | Blindness!
        
         | dooglius wrote:
         | They may be trying to suggest that, that claim does not follow
         | from the quoted statement.
        
         | sschueller wrote:
         | Autonomous cars need to be significantly better than humans to
         | be fully accepted especially when an accident does happen.
         | Hence limiting yourself to only cameras is futile.
        
           | mavhc wrote:
           | Surely as soon as they're safer than humans they should be
           | deployed as fast as possible to save some of the 3000 people
           | who are killed by human drivers every day
        
             | cman1444 wrote:
             | Of course they should be, but that's not what will happen.
             | Humans are not rational, so self-driving cars must be
             | significantly safer than human drivers to avoid as much
             | political pushback as possible.
        
       | OGEnthusiast wrote:
       | What's going to happen to all the millions of drivers who will
       | lose their job overnight? In a country with 100 million guns, are
       | we really sure we've thought this through?
        
         | 0x457 wrote:
         | Yes, let's stop all progress and roll-back all automation to
         | keep hypothetical angry people with guns happy.
        
           | Phenomenit wrote:
           | Seems like a good description on current events.
        
           | runarberg wrote:
           | Autonomous private cars is not the technological progress you
           | think it is. We've had autonomous trains for decades, and
           | while it provides us with a more efficient and cost effective
           | public transit system, it didn't open the doors for the next
           | revolutionary technology.
           | 
           | Self driving cars is a dead end technology, that will
           | introduce a whole host of new problems which are already
           | solved with public transit, better urban planning, etc.
        
             | pnut wrote:
             | Nope. Humans are statistically fallible and their attention
             | is too valuable to be obliged to a mundane task like
             | executing navigation commands. Redesigning and rebuilding
             | city transportation infrastructure isn't happening, look
             | around. Also personal agency limits public transportation
             | as a solution.
        
               | runarberg wrote:
               | Unlike autonomous driving, public transit is a proven
               | solution employed in thousands of cities around the
               | world, on various scales, economies, etc.
               | 
               | > Redesigning and rebuilding city transportation
               | infrastructure isn't happening, look around.
               | 
               | We have been redesigning and rebuilding city
               | transportation infrastructure since we had cities. Where
               | I live (Seattle) they are opening a new light rail bridge
               | crossing just next month (first rail over a floting
               | bridge; which is technologically very interesting), and
               | two new rail lines are being planned. In the 1960s the
               | Bay area completely revolutionized their transit sytem
               | when they opened BART.
               | 
               | I think you are simply wrong here.
        
               | tanseydavid wrote:
               | >> In the 1960s the Bay area completely revolutionized
               | their transit sytem when they opened BART.
               | 
               | 66 years later we see California struggling terribly with
               | implementation of a high-speed rail system -- where the
               | placement/location of the infrastructure largely is
               | targeted for areas far less dense than the Bay Area.
               | 
               | I don't think there is any single reason why this is so
               | much more difficult now then it was in 1960 -- but
               | clearly things have changed quite a lot in that time.
        
               | askl wrote:
               | > Redesigning and rebuilding city transportation
               | infrastructure isn't happening, look around.
               | 
               | The US already did it once (just in the wrong direction)
               | by redesigning all cities to be unfriendly to humans and
               | only navigable by cars. It should be technically possible
               | to revert that mistake.
        
             | sekai wrote:
             | > We've had autonomous trains for decades
             | 
             | Trains need tracks, cars - already have the infrastructure
             | to drive on.
             | 
             | > Self driving cars is a dead end technology, that will
             | introduce a whole host of new problems which are already
             | solved with public transit, better urban planning, etc.
             | 
             | Self driving cars will literally become a part of public
             | transit
        
               | runarberg wrote:
               | > Self driving cars will literally become a part of
               | public transit
               | 
               | I've been hearing people say that for almost 15 years
               | now. I believe it when I see it.
        
               | tanseydavid wrote:
               | >> I believe it when I see it.
               | 
               | I'm willing to wager that you might not actually believe
               | it at that point either.
        
             | xnx wrote:
             | > Self driving cars is a dead end technology
             | 
             | I would be happy to bet on some strict definition of your
             | claim.
        
             | drewmate wrote:
             | Unfortunately, many of our urban areas have already been
             | planned (for better or worse) for cars and not the density
             | that makes public transit viable. Autonomous cars will
             | solve a host of problems for the old, young, mobility
             | limited, and just about everyone else.
             | 
             | It will prove disruptive to the driving industry, but I
             | think we've been through worse disruptions and fared the
             | better for it.
        
         | skybrian wrote:
         | If Waymo's history is any guide, it's not going to happen
         | overnight. Even in San Francisco, their market share is only
         | 20-30%.
        
         | gadflyinyoureye wrote:
         | Those are rookie numbers. The US has 400 million guns.
         | https://www.theglobalstatistics.com/united-states-gun-owners...
         | 
         | As to the revolt, America doesn't do that any more. Years of
         | education have removed both the vim and vigor of our souls.
         | People will complain. They will do a TikTok dance as protest.
         | Some will go into the streets. No meaningful uprising will
         | occur.
         | 
         | The poor and the affected will be told to go to the trades.
         | That's the new learn to program. Our tech overlords will have
         | their media tell us that everything is ok (packaging it
         | appropriately for the specific side of the aisle).
         | 
         | Ultimately the US will go down hill to become a Belgium. Not
         | terrible, but not a world dominating, hand cutting entity it
         | once was.
        
           | markvdb wrote:
           | > Ultimately the US will go down hill to become a Belgium.
           | 
           | Sharing one's opinion in a respectful way is possible. Less
           | spectacle, so less eyeballs, but worth it. Try it.
        
             | nubg wrote:
             | What's wrong with his comparison? He explained what he
             | meant by "a Belgium".
        
               | tanseydavid wrote:
               | The entire side topic of guns and revolt seems misplaced
               | in this thread.
               | 
               | The original Luddite movement arose in response to
               | automation in the textile industry.
               | 
               | They committed violence. Violence was committed against
               | them. All tragic events when viewed from a certain
               | perspective.
               | 
               | My rhetorical question is this: did any of this result in
               | any meaningful impedance of the "march of technological
               | progress"?
        
             | drysine wrote:
             | >in a respectful way
             | 
             | The irony
        
           | bonsai_spool wrote:
           | > Ultimately the US will go down hill to become a Belgium.
           | 
           | I'm curious why you say this given you start by highlighting
           | several characteristics that are not like Belgium (to wit,
           | poor education, political media capture, effective
           | oligarchy). I feel there are several other nations that may
           | be better comparators, just want to understand your
           | selection.
        
             | drnick1 wrote:
             | I think it just means "once powerful and important, but now
             | practically irrelevant." England is a better example
             | though.
        
         | paxys wrote:
         | Waymo has been operating since 2004 (22 years ago), and
         | replacing drivers on the road will take many more decades.
         | Nothing is happening "overnight".
        
         | lanthissa wrote:
         | same thing that happened during the industrial revolution, you
         | pay enough of them to 'protect the law' vs the rest.
        
         | sigspec wrote:
         | UBI or war, or both
        
         | VirusNewbie wrote:
         | I don't think Uber goes out of business. There is probably a
         | sweet spot for Waymo's steady state cars, and you STILL might
         | want 'surge' capabilities for part time workers who can
         | repurpose their cars to make a little extra money here and
         | there.
        
         | sekai wrote:
         | > What's going to happen to all the millions of drivers who
         | will lose their job overnight? In a country with 100 million
         | guns, are we really sure we've thought this through?
         | 
         | Same was said about electricity, or the internet.
        
           | password54321 wrote:
           | People keep referencing history but this really is
           | unprecedented. We are approaching singularity and many people
           | will become obsolete in all areas. There are no new
           | hypothetical jobs waiting on the horizon.
        
         | sroussey wrote:
         | Reminds me of the history or radio and the absolute uproar that
         | someone played a record on the radio rather than live
         | performances!!
        
         | 8note wrote:
         | this sounds like a major benefit.
         | 
         | i dont want my uber driver bragging anout how theyre going to
         | shoot me before i get out of the car
        
         | bdangubic wrote:
         | what did all the farmers do when the first tractors rolled into
         | the fields?
        
           | mavhc wrote:
           | They invented offices because the massive increase in
           | productivity required more organisation than "I'll take it
           | all to the market on Saturday"
        
       | add-sub-mul-div wrote:
       | "Autonomous"
       | 
       | https://cybernews.com/news/waymo-overseas-human-agents-robot...
        
         | Rebelgecko wrote:
         | My understanding is that support is basically playing an RTS
         | (point and click), not a 1P driving game. Which makes sense, if
         | they were directly controlling the vehicles they'd put support
         | in central America for better latency, like the food delivery
         | bot drivers
        
           | jonas21 wrote:
           | Yeah. Waymo described how this works a couple of years ago:
           | 
           | https://waymo.com/blog/2024/05/fleet-response/
        
             | turtlesdown11 wrote:
             | Right, I totally believe Waymo, just like I totally
             | believed Amazon's checkout-less stores.
        
               | Rebelgecko wrote:
               | What's your theory for how it works?
        
         | TulliusCicero wrote:
         | This isn't news, they've always acknowledged that they have
         | remote navigators that tell the cars what to do when they get
         | stuck or confused. It's just that they don't directly drive the
         | car.
        
         | tamimio wrote:
         | Yeah I have some videos of these drivers in action, I think the
         | sensors are as assistance and but not the whole story, so yeah
         | there's models lidars etc etc but human factor is there,
         | unfortunately this means we should see soon many cobitics are
         | teleopetated remotely from India and Philippines and the likes
         | to satisfy the greed of these companies to pay peanuts to
         | operate them.
        
       | mgaunard wrote:
       | Still needs to be trained on the final boss: dense cities with
       | narrow streets.
        
         | xnx wrote:
         | What would be an example city? Waymo just announced they're
         | ramping up in Boston: https://waymo.com/blog/?modal=short-back-
         | to-boston
         | 
         | "we're excited to continue effectively adapting to Boston's
         | cobblestones, narrow alleyways, roundabouts and turnpikes."
        
           | ginko wrote:
           | Not grandparent but I was rather thinking of medieval city
           | centers in Italy or Spain.
           | 
           | edit: Case in point:
           | 
           | https://maps.app.goo.gl/xxYQWHrzSMES8HPL8
           | 
           | This is an alley in Coimbra, Portugal. A couple years ago I
           | stayed at a hotel in this very street and took a cab from the
           | train station. The driver could have stopped in the praca
           | below and told me to walk 15m up. Instead the guy went all
           | the way up then curved through 5-10 alleys like that to drop
           | me off right right in front of my place. At a significant
           | speed as well. It was one of the craziest car rides I've ever
           | experienced.
        
             | stackedinserter wrote:
             | Do we really need FSD cars (any cars, actually) in medieval
             | city centers?
        
           | pants2 wrote:
           | Any small city in Italy is going to be 10X more challenging
           | than Boston
        
             | threetonesun wrote:
             | Depends, which is harder: a narrow street or a three lane
             | one with no obvious lane markers with people double
             | parking?
        
             | micromacrofoot wrote:
             | and the failure mode for some of them are steep drops off
             | of cliffs
        
             | chasd00 wrote:
             | the absolute chaos of Paris would also be challenging.
        
           | zhengyi13 wrote:
           | Various European cities come to mind: Narrow streets are
           | something of a trope in certain movies/genres.
        
             | jkaptur wrote:
             | To be fair, many of those films do not portray human
             | drivers in the best light.
        
         | reluctant_dev wrote:
         | San Francisco isn't uniformly dense and narrow, but it does
         | have both, and it's run remarkably well so far.
        
           | elliotec wrote:
           | Another comment mentioned the Philippines as the manifest
           | frontier. SF is not on the same plane of reality in terms of
           | density or narrow streets as PH, I would argue in comparison
           | it does not have both.
        
           | fragmede wrote:
           | On that specific count, not really. There's a skate park
           | north end of the Mission, and Stevenson St is a two way road
           | that borders it, but it's narrow enough that you need to
           | drive up on the curb to get two vehicles side by side on the
           | street. Waymo's can't handle that on a regular basis. Being
           | San Francisco and not London, you can just skip that road,
           | but if you find yourself in a Waymo on that street and are
           | unlucky to have other traffic on it, the Waymo will just have
           | to back up the entire street. Hope there's no one behind you
           | as well as in front of you!
           | 
           | Anyway, we'll see how the London rollout goes, but I get the
           | impression London's got a lot more of those kinds of roads.
        
             | rootusrootus wrote:
             | > Stevenson St is a two way road
             | 
             | That is extremely narrow, I wonder why the city has not
             | designated it as a one-way street? They've done that for
             | other similarly narrow sections of the same street farther
             | north.
        
             | mgaunard wrote:
             | I live in London. Most residential streets are two-way but
             | there is only space for one car, and driving on the curb is
             | not really an option.
             | 
             | The trick to UK streets is that parking actually happens on
             | the street itself, and when driving you must find a spot
             | when people are not parking to make way for people coming
             | the other way.
        
           | smallmancontrov wrote:
           | This is the craziest I've seen, but it was 10 months ago
           | which is ~10 years in AI years
           | 
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3DWz1TD-VZg
        
         | breckinloggins wrote:
         | I live in such an area. The route to my house involves steep
         | topography via small windy streets that are very narrow and
         | effectively one-way due to parked cars.
         | 
         | Human drivers routinely do worse than Waymo, which I take 2 or
         | 3 times a week. Is it perfect? No. Does it handle the situation
         | better than most Lyft or Uber drivers? Yes.
         | 
         | As a bonus: unlike some of those drivers the Waymo doesn't get
         | palpably angry at me for driving the route.
        
         | dandaka wrote:
         | Yes, something like Ho Chi Minh or Mumbai in a peak hour! With
         | lots of bike riders, pedestrians, and livestock at the same
         | roundabout.
        
         | seydor wrote:
         | Napoli
        
         | pja wrote:
         | Waymo cars are driving around London right now.
         | 
         | Not taking paying passengers yet though!
        
         | throwaway_20357 wrote:
         | Like London? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KvctCbVEvwQ
        
         | renewiltord wrote:
         | Does it, though? Maybe Dhaka will never get Waymo. The same way
         | you can't get advanced gene therapy there.
        
         | kylehotchkiss wrote:
         | Old Delhi is the the final boss.
        
         | chpatrick wrote:
         | They're being trialled in London right now.
        
       | NullHypothesist wrote:
       | I wonder if they can simulate the Beatles crossing the street at
       | Abbey Road in the late '60s
        
         | seanhunter wrote:
         | As a Londoner who used to have to ride up Abbey Road at least
         | once per week there are people on that crossing pretty much all
         | day every day reproducing that picture. So now Waymo are in
         | Beta in London[1] they have only to drive up there and they'll
         | get plenty of footage they could use for taht.
         | 
         | [1] I've seen a couple of them but they're not available to
         | hire yet and are still very rare.
        
           | permenant wrote:
           | Will Google finally fund Christopher Wren's post great fire
           | "wide streets" rebuild of the City?
        
             | ddalex wrote:
             | i think we might need aother great fire to widen the
             | streets at this point
        
             | seanhunter wrote:
             | Yeah it's interesting to imagine a London that had such a
             | rebuild, like Napoleon's rebuild of Paris. I personally
             | love the weird narrow streets and little alleyways of the
             | City, but that's because when I'm there I'm pretty much
             | exclusively on foot having taken the tube in.
        
       | devmor wrote:
       | Wow, interesting timing for this PR blast considering the
       | admission in the Senate Commerce Committee hearing. Not
       | transparent at all!
        
         | WarmWash wrote:
         | What was the admission? That they use cheap labor to provide
         | the waymo clarity when it is confused? That has been known for
         | a long time.
        
       | ra7 wrote:
       | The novel aspect here seems to be 3D LiDAR output from 2D video
       | using post-training. As far as I'm aware, no other video world
       | models can do this.
       | 
       | IMO, access to DeepMind and Google infra is a hugely understated
       | advantage Waymo has that no other competitor can replicate.
        
         | codexb wrote:
         | 3d from moving 2d images has been a thing for decades.
        
           | ra7 wrote:
           | This is 3D _LiDAR_ output (multimodal) from 2D images.
        
             | promiseofbeans wrote:
             | LiDAR is the technology used to do spatial capture. The
             | output is just point clouds of surfaces. So they're
             | generating surface point clouds from video
        
         | moffkalast wrote:
         | It's not unheard of, there are a handful [0] of metric
         | monodepth methods that output data that's not unlike a really
         | inaccurate 3D lidar, though theirs certainly looks SOTA.
         | 
         | [0] https://github.com/YvanYin/Metric3D
        
         | anupamchugh wrote:
         | This is the real story buried under the simulation angle. If
         | you can generate reliable 3D LiDAR from 2D video, every dashcam
         | on earth becomes training data. Every YouTube driving video,
         | every GoPro clip, every security camera feed.
         | 
         | Waymo's fleet is ~700 cars. The internet has millions of hours
         | of driving footage. This technique turns the entire internet
         | into a sensor suite. That's a bigger deal than the simulation
         | itself.
        
       | PeterStuer wrote:
       | Imagine driving in a Waymo 'out of a raging fire'.
       | 
       | Talk about edge cases.
       | 
       | But, what would you do? Trust the Waymo, or get out (or never get
       | in) at the first sign of trouble?
        
         | breckinloggins wrote:
         | Interesting question. If the Waymo was driving aggressively to
         | remove us from the situation but relatively safely I might stay
         | in it.
         | 
         | This does bring up something, though: Waymo has a "pull over"
         | feature, but it's hidden behind a couple of touch screen
         | actions involving small virtual buttons and it does not pull
         | over immediately. Instead, it "finds a spot to pull over". I
         | would very much like a big red STOP IMMEDIATELY button in these
         | vehicles.
        
           | tensor wrote:
           | Can you not just unlock and open the door? Wouldn't that
           | cause it to immediately stop? Or can you not unlock the door
           | manually? I'd be surprised if there was not an emergency door
           | release.
        
           | bragr wrote:
           | >it's hidden behind a couple of touch screen actions
           | involving small virtual buttons and it does not pull over
           | immediately
           | 
           | It was on the home screen when I've taken it, and when I
           | tested it, it seemed to pull to the first safe place. I don't
           | trust the general pubic with a stop button.
        
           | phainopepla2 wrote:
           | Imagine how many drunk/careless passengers might press it.
           | Stopping in the middle of the street or highway could be a
           | serious safety hazard.
        
           | arctic-true wrote:
           | I feel like this ends with drunk morons accidentally creating
           | Waymo barricades and totally ruining Mardi Gras
        
         | kylehotchkiss wrote:
         | I can! If the Waymo got you into one on the way home because
         | Google didn't integrate with watch duty yet, that's plausible
        
       | jimt1234 wrote:
       | This might be relevant to the timing here: https://eletric-
       | vehicles.com/waymo/waymo-exec-admits-remote-...
        
       | m0llusk wrote:
       | Seems interesting, but why is it broken. Waymo repeatedly
       | directed multiple automated vehicles into the private alley off
       | of 5th near Brannan in SF even after being told none of them have
       | any business there ever, period. If they can sense the weather
       | and stuff then maybe they could put out a virtual sign or fence
       | that notes what appears to be a road is neither a through way nor
       | open to the public? I'm really bullish on automated driving long
       | term, but now that vehicles are present for real we need to start
       | to think about potentially getting serious about finding some way
       | to get them to comply with the same laws that limit what people
       | can do.
        
         | tanseydavid wrote:
         | >> get them to comply with the same laws that limit what people
         | can do
         | 
         | I think you meant, "Attempt" to limit what people can do.
         | 
         | Driving in SF (for example) provides many opportunities to see
         | "free will" exerted in the most extreme ways -- laws be damned.
        
           | m0llusk wrote:
           | Have you ever seen a cop trying to pull over a Waymo? It
           | isn't going well.
        
       | turtlesdown11 wrote:
       | How many Filipinos, who do not have US drivers licenses, does it
       | take to drive this new model?
        
       | mellosouls wrote:
       | Deepmind's Project Genie under the hood (pun intended). Deepmind
       | & Waymo both Alphabet(Google) subsidiaries obv.
       | 
       | https://deepmind.google/blog/genie-3-a-new-frontier-for-worl...
       | 
       | Discussed here,eg.
       | 
       |  _Genie 3: A new frontier for world models (1510 points, 497
       | comments)_
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=44798166
       | 
       |  _Project Genie: Experimenting with infinite, interactive worlds
       | (673 points, 371 comments)_
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=46812933
        
         | paxys wrote:
         | Regardless of the corporate structure DeepMind is a lot more
         | than just another Alphabet subsidiary at this point considering
         | Demis Hassabis is leading all of Google AI.
        
       | Kapura wrote:
       | Interesting that this should come out right as lawmakers are
       | beginning to understand that Waymos have overseas operators
       | making major decisions.
       | 
       | [*] https://futurism.com/advanced-transport/waymos-controlled-
       | wo...
        
         | thethimble wrote:
         | Why is this relevant at all?
         | 
         | Having humans in the loop at some level is necessary for
         | handling rare edge cases safely.
        
           | mrcwinn wrote:
           | If that's true the system isn't finished. That's what
           | reasoning is for.
        
             | sroussey wrote:
             | Who ever said they were finished? You think the laid off
             | the team since everything is "done"?
        
           | AlotOfReading wrote:
           | The word "loop" here has multiple meanings. Only one is what
           | you mean and the other person responding to you has
           | understood another.
           | 
           | The first is the DDT control loop, what a human driver does.
           | Waymo's remote assistants aren't involved in that. The
           | computer always has responsibility for the safety of the
           | vehicle and decisionmaking while operating, which is why
           | Waymo's humans are remote _assistants_ and not remote
           | _drivers_. Their safety drivers _do_ participate in the DDT
           | loop, hence the name.
           | 
           | But there's also another "loop" of human involvement.
           | Sometimes the vehicle doesn't understand the scene and asks
           | humans for advice about the appropriate action to take. It's
           | vaguely similar to captchas. The human will usually confirm
           | the computer's proposed actions, but they can also suggest
           | different actions. The computer the advice as a prior to
           | continue operating instead of giving up the DDT
           | responsibility. There's very likely a closely monitored SLA
           | between a few seconds to a few minutes on how long it takes
           | humans to start looking at the scene.
           | 
           | If something causes the computer to believe the advice isn't
           | safe, it will ignore it. There have been cases where Waymos
           | have erroneously detected collisions and remote assistants
           | were unable to override that decisionmaking. When that
           | happens, a vehicle recovery team is physically sent out to
           | the location. The SLA here is likely between tens of minutes
           | and a couple hours.
        
         | FL33TW00D wrote:
         | Completely false: https://x.com/i/status/2019213765506670738
         | 
         | Listen to the statement.
         | 
         | The operators help when the Waymo is in a "difficult
         | situation".
         | 
         | Car drives itself 99% of the time, long tail of issues not yet
         | fixed have a human intervene.
         | 
         | Everyone is making out like it's an RC car, completely false.
        
           | ChadNauseam wrote:
           | Whenever something like this comes out, it's a good moment to
           | find people with no critical thinking skills who can safely
           | be ignored. Driving a waymo like an RC car from the
           | philippines? you can barely talk over zoom with someone in
           | the philippines without bitrate and lag issues.
        
             | hijnksforall wrote:
             | Hacker News has had some of the dumbest Tesla takes of all
             | time. People should be embarrassed about some of the claims
             | that were made here.
             | 
             | And apparently some people still haven't caught on.
             | 
             | Have a look if you don't believe me:
             | 
             | https://hn.algolia.com/?dateRange=custom&page=0&prefix=fals
             | e...
        
               | Hikikomori wrote:
               | Seems to be some ketamine on that boot.
        
             | anigbrowl wrote:
             | Except that's not what the original posters said, rather
             | 'operators making major decisions.' Don't strawman here, it
             | wastes everyone's time.
        
               | ChadNauseam wrote:
               | I didn't mean to insult the original poster. But I have
               | seen people who think that waymos are being driven
               | remotely by filipinos
        
           | MillionOClock wrote:
           | I haven't read anything about this but I would also suppose
           | long distance human intervention cannot be done for truly
           | critical situations where you need a very quick reaction,
           | whereas it would be more appropriate in situations where the
           | car has stopped and is stuck not knowing what to do. Probably
           | just stating the obvious here but indeed this seems like
           | something very different from an RC car kind of situation.
        
             | sroussey wrote:
             | It's not for that. It's for things like the car drove into
             | a protest area and people are surrounding the car. Or
             | police blocked off an intersection and the car is stuck
             | temporarily with people doing otherwise illegal u-turns or
             | driving the wrong way on a one way road to get out of it.
        
       | mempko wrote:
       | One interesting thing from this paper is how big of a LiDaR
       | shadow there is around the waymo car which suggests they rely on
       | cameras for anything close (maybe they have radar too?). Seems
       | LiDaR is only useful for distant objects.
        
         | xnx wrote:
         | At least 6 radar units:
         | https://support.google.com/waymo/answer/9190838?hl=en
        
       | 999900000999 wrote:
       | It doesn't look like they're going to open sources or anything,
       | but I could imagine this would be great for city planning.
       | 
       | Or the most realistic game of SimCity you could imagine.
        
       | mattlondon wrote:
       | Suddenly all this focus on world models by Deep mind starts to
       | make sense. I've never really thought of Waymo as a robot in the
       | same way as e.g. a Boston Dynamics humanoid, but of course it is
       | a robot of sorts.
       | 
       | Google/Alphabet are so vertically integrated for AI when you
       | think about it. Compare what they're doing - their own power
       | generation , their own silicon, their own data centers, search
       | Gmail YouTube Gemini workspace wallet, billions and billions of
       | Android and Chromebook users, their ads everywhere, their browser
       | everywhere, waymo, probably buy back Boston dynamics soon enough
       | (they're recently partnered together), fusion research, drugs
       | discovery.... and then look at ChatGPT's chatbot or grok's porn.
       | Pales in comparison.
        
         | smeeth wrote:
         | I always understood this to be why Tesla started working on
         | humanoid robots
        
           | ACCount37 wrote:
           | Pretty much. They banked on "if we can solve FSD, we can
           | partially solve humanoid robot autonomy, because both are
           | robots operating in poorly structured real world
           | environments".
        
           | smt88 wrote:
           | They started working on humanoid robots because Musk always
           | has to have the next moonshot, trillion-dollar idea to
           | promise "in 3 years" to keep the stock price high.
           | 
           | As soon as Waymo's massive robotaxi lead became undeniable,
           | he pivoted to from robotaxis to humanoid robots.
        
             | senordevnyc wrote:
             | Yeah, that and running Grok on a trillion GPUs in space lol
        
           | jasondigitized wrote:
           | I don't want a humanoid robot. I want a purpose built robot.
        
             | simondotau wrote:
             | Obviously both will exist and compete with each other on
             | the margins. The thing to appreciate is that our physical
             | world is already built like an API for adult humans.
             | Swinging doors, stairs, cupboards, benchtops. If you want a
             | robot to traverse the space and be useful for more than one
             | task, the humanoid form makes sense.
             | 
             | The key question is whether general purpose robots can
             | outcompete on sheer economies of scale alone.
        
             | monocasa wrote:
             | I mean, I would take a robot to handle all of my housework.
             | 
             | Purpose built, that probably takes the form of a humanoid
             | robot since all of tasks it needs to do were previously
             | designed for humanoids.
        
               | rswail wrote:
               | Vacuuming and mopping are not inherently "designed" for
               | humans.
               | 
               | Dusting with a single extensible and multiple degrees of
               | freedom arm would be much more maneuverable than a human
               | arm.
               | 
               | Loading and unloading washing machines or dryers or doign
               | the same for dishes and cutlery in a dishwasher is not
               | inherently designed for humans.
               | 
               | If anything, selling an integrated "housekeeping" system
               | that fits into an existing laundry and combines features
               | would be a much better approach.
        
             | dham wrote:
             | It's called a dishwasher, washing machine, and dryer. Plus
             | like robomowers, vaccums etc.
        
           | Fricken wrote:
           | It's so they can stick a Tesla logo on a bunch of chinese
           | tech and call it innovation.
        
           | rswail wrote:
           | The drop in demand for Tesla's clapped out model range would
           | have meant embarrassing factory closures, so now they're
           | being closed to start manufacturing a completely different
           | product. Bait and switch for Tesla investors.
           | 
           | I wonder how long they'll be closed for "modifications" and
           | whether the Optimus Prime robot factories will go into
           | production before the "Trump Kennedy Center" is reopened
           | after its "renovations".
        
         | mooktakim wrote:
         | Tesla built something like this for FSD training, they
         | presented many years ago. I never understood why they did
         | productize it. It would have made a brilliant Maps alternative,
         | which country automatically update from Tesla cars on the road.
         | Could live update with speed cameras and road conditions. Like
         | many things they've fallen behind
        
           | jellojello wrote:
           | Without Lidar + the terrible quality of tesla onboard
           | cameras.. street view would look terrible. The biggest L of
           | elon's career is the weird commitment to no-lidar. If you've
           | ever driven a Tesla, it gives daily messages "the left side
           | camera is blocked" etc.. cameras+weather don't mix either.
        
             | verelo wrote:
             | Yeah its absurd. As a Tesla driver, I have to say the
             | autopilot model really does feel like what someone who's
             | never driven a car before thinks it's like.
             | 
             | Using vision only is so ignorant of what driving is all
             | about: sound, vibration, vision, heat, cold...these are all
             | clues on road condition. If the car isn't feeling all these
             | things as part of the model, you're handicapping it. In a
             | brilliant way Lidar is the missing piece of information a
             | car needs without relying on multiple sensors, it's
             | probably superior to what a human can do, where as vision
             | only is clearly inferior.
        
               | ASalazarMX wrote:
               | Maybe vision-only can work with much better cameras, with
               | a wider spectrum (so they can see thru fog, for example),
               | and self-cleaning/zero upkeep (so you don't have to pull
               | over to wipe a speck of mud from them). Nevertheless,
               | LIDAR still seems like the best choice overall.
        
               | smallmancontrov wrote:
               | The inputs to FSD are:                   7 cameras x
               | 36fps x 5Mpx x 30s         48kHz audio         Nav maps
               | and route for next few miles         100Hz kinematics
               | (speed, IMU, odometry, etc)
               | 
               | Source: https://youtu.be/LFh9GAzHg1c?t=571
        
               | ambicapter wrote:
               | So if they're already "fusioning" all these things, why
               | would LIDAR be any different?
        
               | smallmancontrov wrote:
               | Tesla went nothing-but-nets (making fusion easy) and
               | Chinese LIDAR became cheap around 2023, but monocular
               | depth estimation was spectacularly good by 2021. By the
               | time unit cost and integration effort came down, LIDAR
               | had very little to offer a vision stack that no longer
               | struggled to perceive the 3D world around it.
               | 
               | Also, integration effort went down but it never
               | disappeared. Meanwhile, opportunity cost skyrocketed when
               | vision started working. Which layers would _you_ carve
               | resources away from to make room? How far back would
               | _you_ be willing to send the training + validation
               | schedule to accommodate the change? If you saw your
               | vision-only stack take off and blow past human
               | performance on the march of 9s, would you land the plane
               | just because red paint became available and you wanted to
               | paint it red?
               | 
               | I wouldn't completely discount ego either, but IMO
               | there's more ego in the "LIDAR is necessary" case than
               | the "LIDAR isn't necessary" at this point. FWIW, I used
               | to be an outspoken LIDAR-head before 2021 when monocular
               | depth estimation became a solved problem. It was funny
               | watching everyone around me convert in the opposite
               | direction at around the same time, probably driven by
               | politics. I get it, I hate Elon's politics too, I just
               | try very hard to keep his shitty behavior from
               | influencing my opinions on machine learning.
        
               | kanbara wrote:
               | depth estimation is but one part of the problem--
               | atmospheric and other conditions which blind optical
               | visible spectrum sensors, lack of ambient (sunlight) and
               | more. lidar simply outperforms (performs at all?) in
               | these conditions. and provides hardware back distance
               | maps, not software calculated estimation
        
               | gibolt wrote:
               | Lidar fails worse than cameras in nearly all those
               | conditions. There are plenty of videos of Tesla's vision-
               | only approach seeing obstacles far before a human
               | possibly could in all those conditions on real customer
               | cars. Many are on the old hardware with far worse cameras
        
               | Mawr wrote:
               | Interesting, got any links? Sounds completely
               | unbelievable, eyes are far superior to the shitty cameras
               | Tesla has on their cars.
        
               | jellojello wrote:
               | Yea.. not holding my breath on links to superman tesla
               | cameras performing better than eyes
        
               | dham wrote:
               | There's a misconception that what people see and what the
               | camera sees is similar. Not true at all. One day when
               | it's raining or foggy, have some record the driving,
               | through the windshield. You'll be very surprised. Even
               | what the camera displays on the screen isn't what it's
               | actually "seeing".
        
               | kranke155 wrote:
               | Always thought the case was for sensor redundancy and
               | data variety - the stuff that throws off monocular depth
               | estimation might not throw off a lidar or radar.
        
               | 7e wrote:
               | Monocular depth estimation can be fooled by adversarial
               | images, or just scenes outside of its distribution. It's
               | a validation nightmare and a joke for high reliability.
        
               | gibolt wrote:
               | It isn't monocular though. A Tesla has 2 front-facing
               | cameras, narrow and wide-angle. Beyond that, it is only
               | neural nets at this point, so depth estimation isn't
               | directly used; it is likely part of the neural net, but
               | only the useful distilled elements.
        
               | smallmancontrov wrote:
               | I never said it was. I was using it as a lower bound for
               | what was possible.
        
               | magicalist wrote:
               | > _but monocular depth estimation was spectacularly good
               | by 2021_
               | 
               | It's still rather weak and true monocular depth
               | estimation really wasn't spectacularly anything in 2021.
               | It's fundamentally ill posed and any priors you use to
               | get around that will come to bite you in the long tail of
               | things some driver will encounter on the road.
               | 
               | The way it got good is by using camera overlap in space
               | and over time while in motion to figure out metric depth
               | over the entire image. Which is, humorously enough,
               | sensor fusion.
        
               | smallmancontrov wrote:
               | It was spectacularly good before 2021, 2021 is just when
               | I noticed that it had become spectacularly good. 7.5
               | billion miles later, this appears to have been the
               | correct call.
        
               | quanto wrote:
               | What are the techniques (and the papers thereof) that you
               | consider to be spectacularly good before 2021 for depth
               | estimation, monocular or not?
               | 
               | I do some tangent work from this field for applications
               | in robotics, and I would consider (metric) depth
               | estimation (and 3D reconstruction) starting to be solved
               | only by 2025 thanks to a few select labs.
               | 
               | Car vision has some domain specificity (high similarity
               | images from adjacent timestamps, relatively simpler
               | priors, etc) that helps, indeed.
        
               | rswail wrote:
               | It doesn't solve the "Coyote paints tunnel on rock"
               | problem though.
        
               | rkomorn wrote:
               | IIRC, that was only ever a problem for the coyote,
               | though.
               | 
               | Source: not a computer vision engineer, but a childhood
               | consumer of looney toons cartoons.
        
               | rswail wrote:
               | Time for a car company to call itself "ACME" and the
               | first model the "Road Runner".
        
               | verelo wrote:
               | Better than I expected. So this was 3 days ago, is this
               | for all previously models or is there a cut off date
               | here?
        
               | ChicagoDave wrote:
               | Fog, heavy rain, heavy snow, people running between cars
               | or from an obstructed view...
               | 
               | None of these technologies can ever be 100%, so we're
               | basically accepting a level of needless death.
               | 
               | Musk has even shrugged off FSD related deaths as,
               | "progress".
        
               | smallmancontrov wrote:
               | Humans: 70 deaths in 7 billion miles
               | 
               | FSD: 2 deaths in 7 billion miles
               | 
               | Looks like FSD saves lives by a margin so fat it can
               | probably survive most statistical games.
        
               | hn_acc1 wrote:
               | Is that the official Tesla stat? I've heard of way more
               | Tesla fatalities than that..
        
               | ChicagoDave wrote:
               | This is absolutely a Musk defender. FSD and Tesla related
               | deaths are much higher.
               | 
               | https://www.tesladeaths.com/index-amp.html
        
               | smallmancontrov wrote:
               | Autopilot is the shitty lane assist. FSD is the SOTA
               | neural net.
               | 
               | Your link agrees with me:
               | 
               | > 2 fatalities involving the use of FSD
        
               | ChicagoDave wrote:
               | Tesla sales are dead across the world. Cybertruck is a
               | failure. Chinese EVs are demonstrably better.
               | 
               | No one wants these crappy cars anymore.
        
               | Fricken wrote:
               | I don't know what he's on about. Here's a better list:
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Tesla_Autopilot_cra
               | she...
        
               | smallmancontrov wrote:
               | Autopilot is the shitty lane assist. FSD is the SOTA
               | neural net.
               | 
               | Your link agrees with me:
               | 
               | > two that NHTSA's Office of Defect Investigations
               | determined as happening during the engagement of Full
               | Self-Driving (FSD) after 2022.
        
               | dham wrote:
               | Good ole Autopilot vs FSD post. You would think people on
               | Hacker News would be better informed. Autopilot is just
               | lane keep and adaptive cruise control. Basically what
               | every other car has at this point.
               | 
               | "MacOS Tahoe has these cool features". "Yea but what
               | about this wikipedia article on System 1. Look it has
               | these issues."
               | 
               | That's how you come across
        
               | simondotau wrote:
               | There are a sizeable number of deaths associated with the
               | abuse of Tesla's adaptive cruise control with lane
               | cantering (publicly marketed as "autopilot"). Such
               | features are commonplace on many new cars and it is
               | unclear whether Tesla is an outlier, because no one is
               | interested in obsessively researching cruise control
               | abuse among other brands.
               | 
               | There are two deaths associated with FSD.
        
               | elgenie wrote:
               | Isn't there a great deal of gaming going on with the car
               | disengaging FSD milliseconds before crashing? Voila, no
               | "full" "self" driving accident; just another human
               | failing [*]!
               | 
               | [*] Failing to solve the impossible situation FSD dropped
               | them into, that is.
        
               | smallmancontrov wrote:
               | Nope. NHTSA's criteria for reporting is active-
               | within-30-seconds.
               | 
               | https://www.nhtsa.gov/laws-regulations/standing-general-
               | orde...
               | 
               | If there's gamesmanship going on, I'd expect the antifan
               | site linked below to have different numbers, but it
               | agrees with the 2 deaths figure for FSD.
        
               | socialcommenter wrote:
               | How many of the 70 human accidents would be adequately
               | explained by controlling for speed, alcohol, wanton
               | inattention, etc? (The first two alone reduce it by 70%)
               | 
               | No customer would turn on FSD on an icy road, or on
               | country lanes in the UK which are one lane but run in
               | both directions; it's much harder to have a passenger
               | fatality in stop-start traffic jams in downtown US
               | cities.
               | 
               | Even if those numbers are genuine (2 vs 70) I wouldn't
               | consider it apples-for-apples.
               | 
               | Public information campaigns and proper policing have a
               | role to play in car safety, if that's the stated goal we
               | don't necessarily need to sink billions into researching
               | self driving
        
               | iknowstuff wrote:
               | Autopilot hasn't been updated in years and is nothing
               | like FSD. FSD does use all of those cues.
        
               | verelo wrote:
               | I misspoke, i'm using Hardware 3 FSD.
        
               | torginus wrote:
               | I quickly googled Lidar limitations, and this article
               | came up:
               | 
               | https://www.yellowscan.com/knowledge/how-weather-really-
               | affe...
               | 
               | Seeing how its by a lidar vendor, I don't think they're
               | biased against it. It seems Lidar is not a panacea - it
               | struggles with heavy rain, snow, much more than cameras
               | do and is affected by cold weather or any contamination
               | on the sensor.
               | 
               | So lidar will only get you so far. I'm far more
               | interested in mmwave radar, which while much worse in
               | spatial resolution, isn't affected by light conditions,
               | weather, can directly measure stuff on the thing its
               | illuminating, like material properties, the speed its
               | moving, the thickness.
               | 
               | Fun fact: mmWave based presence sensors can measure your
               | hearbeat, as the micro-movements show up as a frequency
               | component. So I'd guess it would have a very good chance
               | to detect a human.
               | 
               | I'm pretty sure even with much more rudimentary
               | processing, it'll be able to tell if its looking at a
               | living being.
               | 
               | By the way: what happened to the idea that self-driving
               | cars will be able to talk to each other and combine each
               | other's sensor data, so if there are multiple ones
               | looking at the same spot, you'd get a much improved
               | chance of not making a mistake.
        
               | dham wrote:
               | Lidar is a moot point. You can't drive with just Lidar,
               | no matter what. That's what people don't understand. The
               | most common one I hear: "What if the camera gets mud on
               | it", ok then you have to get out and clean it, or it
               | needs an auto cleaning system.
        
             | ASalazarMX wrote:
             | At first I gave him the benefit of the doubt, like that
             | weird decision of Steve Jobs banning Adobe Flash, which ran
             | most of the fun parts of the Internet back then, that ended
             | up spreading HTML5. Now I just think he refused LIDAR on
             | purely aesthetic reasons. The cost is not even that
             | significant compared to the overall cost of a Tesla.
        
               | iamtheworstdev wrote:
               | he didn't refuse it. MobileEye or whoever cut Tesla off
               | because they were using the lidar sensors in a way he
               | didn't approve. From there he got mad and said "no more
               | lidar!"
        
               | iknowstuff wrote:
               | False. Mobileye never used lidar. Lmao where do you all
               | come up with this
        
               | agildehaus wrote:
               | https://www.mobileye.com/news/mobileye-to-end-internal-
               | lidar...
               | 
               | Um, yes they did.
               | 
               | No idea if it had any relation to Tesla though.
        
               | iknowstuff wrote:
               | Did not
        
               | nerdsniper wrote:
               | I think Elon announced Tesla was ditching LIDAR in
               | 2019.[0] This was before Mobileye offered LIDAR. Mobileye
               | has used LIDAR from Luminar Technologies around
               | 2022-2025. [1][2] They were developing their own lidar,
               | but cancelled it. [3] They chose Innoviz Technologies as
               | their LIDAR partner going forward for future product
               | lines. [4]
               | 
               | 0: https://techcrunch.com/2019/04/22/anyone-relying-on-
               | lidar-is...
               | 
               | 1: https://static.mobileye.com/website/corporate/media/ra
               | dar-li...
               | 
               | 2: https://www.luminartech.com/updates/luminar-
               | accelerates-comm...
               | 
               | 3: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vvg9heQObyQ&t=48s
               | 
               | 4: https://ir.innoviz.tech/news-events/press-
               | releases/detail/13...
        
               | iknowstuff wrote:
               | Never with the product used by Tesla early on.
        
               | Fricken wrote:
               | The original Mobileye EyeQ3 devices that Tesla began
               | installing in their cars in 2013 had only a single
               | forward facing camera. They were very simple devices,
               | only intended to be used for lane keeping. Tesla hacked
               | the devices and pushed them beyond their safe design
               | constraints.
               | 
               | Then that guy got decapitated when his Model S drove
               | under a semi-truck that was crossing the highway and
               | Mobileye terminated the contract. Weirdly, the same fatal
               | edge case occurred 2 more times at least on Tesla's newer
               | hardware.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Tesla_Autopilot_cra
               | she...
        
               | nerdsniper wrote:
               | Thank you!
        
               | iknowstuff wrote:
               | They had radar too. No such incidents since going camera
               | only fyi, even on the old autopilot product
        
               | semiquaver wrote:
               | Assuming what you say is true, are they the only LIDAR
               | vendor?
        
               | smallmancontrov wrote:
               | His stated reason was that he wanted the team focused on
               | the driving problem, not sensor fusion "now you have two
               | problems" problems. People assumed cost was the real
               | reason, but it seems unfair to blame him for what people
               | assumed. Don't get me wrong, I don't like him either, but
               | that's not due to his autonomous driving leadership
               | decisions, it's because of shitting up twitter, shitting
               | up US elections with handouts, shitting up the US
               | government with DOGE, seeking Epstein's "wildest party,"
               | DARVO every day, and so much more.
        
               | jellojello wrote:
               | Sensor fusion is an issue, one that is solvable over time
               | and investment in the driving model, but sensor-
               | can't-see-anything is a show stopper.
               | 
               | Having a self-driving solution that can be totally turned
               | off with a speck of mud, heavy rain, morning dew, bright
               | sunlight at dawn and dusk.. you can't engineer your way
               | out of sensor-blindness.
               | 
               | I don't want a solution that is available to use 98% of
               | the time, I want a solution that is always-available and
               | can't be blinded by a bad lighting condition.
               | 
               | I think he did it because his solution always used the
               | crutch of "FSD Not Available, Right hand Camera is
               | Blocked" messaging and "Driver Supervision" as the
               | backstop to any failure anywhere in the stack. Waymo had
               | no choice but to solve the expensive problem of "Always
               | Available and Safe" and work backwards on price.
        
               | smallmancontrov wrote:
               | LIDAR is notoriously easy to blind, what are you on
               | about? Bonus meme: LIDAR blinds you(r iPhone camera)!
        
               | red75prime wrote:
               | > Waymo had no choice but to solve the expensive problem
               | of "Always Available and Safe"
               | 
               | And it's still not clear whether they are using a
               | fallback driving stack for a situation where one of non-
               | essential (i.e. non-camera (1)) sensors is degraded. I
               | haven't seen Waymo clearly stating capabilities of their
               | self-driving stack in this regard. On the other hand,
               | there are such things as washer fluid and high dynamic
               | range cameras.
               | 
               | (1) You can't drive in a city if you can't see the light
               | emitted by traffic lights, which neither lidar nor radar
               | can do.
        
               | jellojello wrote:
               | Hence why both together make the solution waymo chose.
               | The proof is in the pudding, Waymo's have been driving
               | millions of miles without any intervention. Tesla
               | requires safety drivers. I would never trust the FSD on
               | my model 3 to be even nearly perfect all the time.
               | 
               | Lidar also gives you the ability to see through fog and
               | as it scans, see the depth needed to nearly always
               | understand what object is in front of them.
               | 
               | My Model 3 shows "degraded" or "unavailable" about 2% of
               | the time i'm driving around populated areas. Zero chance
               | it will ever be truly FSD capable, no matter the software
               | improvements. It'll still be unavailable because the
               | cameras are blinded/blocked/unable to process the scene
               | because it can't see the scene.
               | 
               | While you're right, washer fluid works usually on the
               | windshield, it doesn't on the side cameras, and yea hdr
               | could improve things, it won't improve depth perception,
               | and this will never be installed on my model 3..
               | 
               | Lidar contributes the data most needed to handle the
               | millions of edge cases that exist. With both camera and
               | lidar contributing the data they are both the best at
               | collecting, the risk of the very worst type of accidents
               | is greatly reduced.
               | 
               | I don't see these stats https://waymo.com/safety/impact/
               | happening for tesla anytime soon.
        
               | red75prime wrote:
               | > without any intervention
               | 
               | but with occasional remote guidance (Waymo doesn't seem
               | to disclose statistics of that). In some cases remote
               | guidance includes placing waypoints[1].
               | 
               | > Lidar also gives you the ability to see through fog and
               | as it scans
               | 
               | Nah. Lidar isn't much better in fog than cameras. If I'm
               | not mistaken, fog, rain, smoke, snow scatter IR light
               | approximately the same as visible light. The lidar beam
               | needs to travel twice the distance and its power is
               | limited by eye-safety concerns.
               | 
               | > FSD on my model 3 to be even nearly perfect all the
               | time
               | 
               | It doesn't need to be perfect. It needs to not hit
               | things, cars and pedestrians too hard and too often,
               | while mostly obeying traffic rules. Waymo has quite a few
               | complains about their cars' behavior[2], but they manage
               | just fine.
               | 
               | [1] third video in https://waymo.com/blog/2024/05/fleet-
               | response
               | 
               | [2] https://www.austintexas.gov/page/autonomous-vehicles
        
               | mavhc wrote:
               | Waymo also had safety drivers for years.
               | 
               | All you really need is "drive slower if you can't see
               | (because rain, fog, or degraded cameras), or you're in an
               | area where children might run out into the road"
        
               | dham wrote:
               | Waymo had safety drivers for a long time. And still have
               | safety drivers to this day when they roll out a new city.
               | You wouldn't have known that because no one was paying
               | attention to this stuff back then.
        
               | dham wrote:
               | If you have mud on a camera, you can't drive it either
               | way. Lidar or not. The way to actually solve these issues
               | is to have way more cameras for redundancy / self
               | cleaning etc, not other sensors.
        
               | ciberado wrote:
               | That one was motivated by the need of controlling the app
               | distribution channel, just like they keep the web as a
               | second class citizen in their ecosystem nowadays.
        
               | londons_explore wrote:
               | Years ago he called lidar a crutch...
               | 
               | And I agree, it is. Clearly it is theoretically possible
               | without.
               | 
               | But when you can't walk at all, a crutch might be just
               | what you need to get going before you can do it without
               | the crutch!
        
               | mr_toad wrote:
               | > The cost is not even that significant compared to the
               | overall cost of a Tesla.
               | 
               | That's true now, but when they first debuted they would
               | have doubled the cost of the car.
        
               | GuB-42 wrote:
               | When Tesla debuted, the cost of batteries made electric
               | cars more like an expensive novelty. The Tesla roadster
               | certainly was fun, but it wasn't a practical car for day-
               | to-day use.
               | 
               | Of course, things have changed.
               | 
               | Had Tesla gone all-in on Lidar, they could have turned
               | the technology into a commodity, they are a trillion
               | dollar company producing a million cars a year. Lidar is
               | already present on cheap robot vacuum cleaners, and we
               | have time-of-flight cameras in smartphones, I don't
               | believe it would have been a problem to equip $50k cars
               | with Lidar.
        
               | rcpt wrote:
               | > purely aesthetic reasons
               | 
               | This is huge though.
               | 
               | People aren't setting them on fire during protests, and
               | if an FSD Tesla plows into a farmers market, it might not
               | even make the news.
               | 
               | People hate tech so much that self-driving companies with
               | easy-to-spot cars have had to shut down after just a few
               | mistakes.
               | 
               | Disguising Teslas as plain old regular human-driven cars
               | is a great idea and I wouldn't be surprised if they win
               | the market because of this. Even if they suck at driving.
        
               | codeka wrote:
               | People aren't setting Teslas on fire? Where do you get
               | that from?
               | 
               | https://www.forbes.com/sites/conormurray/2025/05/01/tesla
               | -pr...
        
             | 0xfaded wrote:
             | I have HW3, but FSD reliably disengages at this time of
             | year with sunrise and sunset during commute hours.
        
               | jellojello wrote:
               | Yep, and won't activate until any morning dew is off the
               | sensors.. or when it rains too hard.. or if it's blinded
               | by a shiny building/window/vehicle.
               | 
               | I will never trust 2d camera-only, it can be covered or
               | blocked physically and when it happens FSD fails.
               | 
               | As cheap as LIDAR has gotten, adding it to every new
               | tesla seems to be the best way out of this idiotic
               | position. Sadly I think Elon got bored with cars and
               | moved on.
        
               | dham wrote:
               | If the camera is covered or blocked, you can't drive
               | plain and simple, as you can't drive a car (at least on
               | Earth) with just Lidar. The roads are made for eyes.
               | Maybe on Rocky's homeworld you can have a Lidar only
               | system for traveling.
        
               | iknowstuff wrote:
               | FSD14 on hw4 does not. Its dynamic range is equivalent or
               | better than human.
        
               | DoctorOetker wrote:
               | This will considerably skew the statistics, a low sun
               | dramatically increases accident rates on humans too.
        
             | kypro wrote:
             | From the perspective of viewing FSD as an engineering
             | problem that needs solving I tend to think Elon is on to
             | something with the camera-only approach - although I would
             | agree the current hardware has problems with weather, etc.
             | 
             | The issue with lidar is that many of the difficult edge-
             | cases of FSD are all visible-light vision problems. Lidar
             | might be able to tell you there's a car up front, but it
             | can't tell you that the car has it's hazard lights on and a
             | flat tire. Lidar might see a human shaped thing in the
             | road, but it cannot tell whether it's a mannequin leaning
             | against a bin or a human about to cross the road.
             | 
             | Lidar gets you most of the way there when it comes to
             | spatial awareness on the road, but you need cameras for
             | most of the edge-cases because cameras provide the color
             | data needed to understand the world.
             | 
             | You could never have FSD with just lidar, but you could
             | have FSD with just cameras if you can overcome all of the
             | hardware and software challenges with accurate 3D
             | perception.
             | 
             | Given Lidar adds cost and complexity, and most edge cases
             | in FSD are camera problems, I think camera-only probably
             | helps to force engineers to focus their efforts in the
             | right place rather than hitting bottlenecks from over
             | depending on Lidar data. This isn't an argument for camera-
             | only FSD, but from Tesla's perspective it does down costs
             | and allows them to continue to produce appealing cars -
             | which is obviously important if you're coming at FSD from
             | the perspective of an auto marker trying to sell cars.
             | 
             | Finally, adding lidar as a redundancy once you've "solved"
             | FSD with cameras isn't impossible. I personally suspect
             | Tesla will eventually do this with their robotaxis.
             | 
             | That said, I have no real experience with self-driving
             | cars. I've only worked on vision problems and while lidar
             | is great if you need to measure distances and not hit
             | things, it's the wrong tool if you need to comprehend the
             | world around you.
        
               | senordevnyc wrote:
               | This is so wild to read when Waymo is _currently_ doing
               | like 500,000 paid rides _every week_ , all over the
               | country, with no one in the driver's seat. Meanwhile
               | Tesla seems to have a handful of robotaxis in Austin, and
               | it's unclear if any of them are actually driverless.
               | 
               | But the Tesla engineers are "in the right place rather
               | than hitting bottlenecks from over depending on Lidar
               | data"? What?
        
               | smallmancontrov wrote:
               | Tesla has driven 7.5B autonomous miles to Waymo's 0.2B,
               | but yes, Waymo looks like they are ahead when you
               | stratify the statistics according to the ass-in-driver-
               | seat variable and neglect the stratum that makes Tesla
               | look good.
               | 
               | The real question is whether doing so is smart or dumb.
               | Is Tesla hiding big show-stopper problems that will
               | prevent them from scaling without a safety driver? Or are
               | the big safety problems solved and they are just
               | finishing the Robotaxi assembly line that will crank out
               | more vertically-integrated purpose-designed cars than
               | Waymo's entire fleet every day before lunch?
        
               | hn_acc1 wrote:
               | Tesla's also been involved in WAY more accidents than
               | Waymo - and has tried to silence those people, claim FSD
               | wasn't active, etc.
               | 
               | What good is a huge fleet of Robotaxis if no one will
               | trust them? I won't ever set foot in a Robotaxi, as long
               | as Elon is involved.
        
               | kypro wrote:
               | There's more Tesla's on the road than Waymo's by several
               | orders of magnitude. Additionally the types of roads and
               | conditions Tesla's drive under is completely incomparable
               | to Waymo.
        
               | jamespo wrote:
               | Yes that was accounted for above, but this isn't
               | autonomous apples to apples
        
               | jellojello wrote:
               | waymo just hit it's first pedestrian, ever. It did it at
               | a speed of 6mph and it was estimated a human would have
               | hit the kid at 14mph (it was going 17mph when a small
               | child jumped out in front of it from behind a black suv.
               | 
               | First pedestrian struck. That's crazy.
               | 
               | Tesla just disengages fsd anytime a sensor is slightly
               | blocked/covered/blinded.. waymo out here doing fsd 100%
               | of the time and basically never hurts anyone.
               | 
               | I don't get the tesla/elon love here, i like my model 3
               | but it's never going to get real fsd, and that sucks,
               | elon also lies about the roadmap, timing, etc. I bet the
               | roadster is canceled now. Why do people like inferior
               | sensors and autistic hitler?
        
               | johnthewise wrote:
               | Waymos disengage and get tele operated too?
        
               | kube-system wrote:
               | Not really. Waymos can't be driven remotely, their remote
               | operators can give the car directions, e.g. "use this
               | lane", and then the autonomous system controls the
               | vehicle to execute those directions.
               | 
               | I'm sure latency and connectivity is too much of an risk
               | to do it any other way.
               | 
               | The only Waymos driven by a human are the ones with human
               | drivers physically in the car
        
               | jasondigitized wrote:
               | semi autonomous
        
               | kypro wrote:
               | I wasn't arguing Tesla is ahead of Waymo? Nor do I think
               | they are. All I was arguing was that it makes sense from
               | the perspective of a consumer automobile maker to not use
               | lidar.
               | 
               | I don't think Tesla is that far behind Waymo though given
               | Waymo has had a significant head start, the fact Waymo
               | has always been a taxi-first product, and given they're
               | using significantly more expensive tech than Tesla is.
               | 
               | Additionally, it's not like this is a lidar vs cameras
               | debate. Waymo also uses and needs cameras for FSD for the
               | reasons I mentioned, but they supplement their robotaxis
               | with lidar for accuracy and redundancy.
               | 
               | My guess is that Tesla will experiment with lidar on
               | their robotaxis this year because design decisions should
               | differ from those of a consumer automobile. But I could
               | be wrong because if Tesla wants FSD to work well on
               | visually appealing and affordable consumer vehicles then
               | they'll probably have to solve some of the additional
               | challenges with with a camera-only FSD system. I think it
               | will depend on how much Elon decides Tesla needs to pivot
               | into robotaxis.
               | 
               | Either way, what is undebatable is that you can't drive
               | with lidar only. If the weather is so bad that cameras
               | are useless then Waymos are also useless.
        
               | DoctorOetker wrote:
               | What causes LiDAR to fail harder than normal cameras in
               | bad weather conditions? I understand that normal LiDAR
               | algorithms assume the direct paths from light source to
               | object to camera pixel, while a mist will scatter part of
               | the light, but it would seem like this can be addressed
               | in the pixel depth estimation algorithm that combines the
               | complex amplitudes at the different LiDAR frequencies.
               | 
               | I understand that small lens sizes mean that falling
               | droplets can obstruct the view behind the droplet, while
               | larger lens sizes can more easily see beyond the droplet.
               | 
               | I seldom see discussion of the exact failure modes for
               | specific weather conditions. Even if larger lenses are
               | selected the light source should use similar lens
               | dimensions. Independent modulation of multiple light
               | sources could also dramatically increase the gained
               | information from each single LiDAR sensor.
               | 
               | Do self-driving camera systems (conventional and LiDAR)
               | use variable or fixed tilt lenses? Normal camera systems
               | have the focal plane perpendicular to the viewing
               | direction, but for roads it _might_ be more interesting
               | to have a large swath of the horizontal road in focus. At
               | least having 1 front facing camera with a horizontal road
               | in focus may prove highly beneficial.
               | 
               | To a certain extend an FSD system predicts the best
               | course of action. When different courses of action have
               | similar logits of expected fitness for the next best
               | course of action, we can speak of doubt. With RMAD we can
               | figure out which features or what facets of input or
               | which part of the view is causing the doubt.
               | 
               | A camera has motion blur (unless you can strobe the
               | illumination source, but in daytime the sun is very hard
               | to outshine), it would seem like an interesting
               | experiment to:
               | 
               | 1. identify in real time which doubts have the most
               | significant influence on the determination of best course
               | of action
               | 
               | 2. have a camera that can track an object to eliminate
               | motion blur but still enjoy optimal lighting (under the
               | sun, or at night), just like our eyes can rotate
               | 
               | 3. rerun the best course of action prediction and feed
               | back this information to the company, so it can figure
               | out the cost-benefit of adding a free tracking camera
               | dedicated to eliminating doubts caused by motion blur.
        
             | gambiting wrote:
             | >>The biggest L of elon's career is the weird commitment to
             | no-lidar.
             | 
             | I thought it was the Nazi salutes on stage and backing neo-
             | nazi groups everywhere around the world, but you know, I
             | guess the lidar thing too.
        
               | jeron wrote:
               | maybe it's better to say it was the biggest L of his
               | engineering career instead of his political career
        
           | berryg wrote:
           | No Lidar anymore on the 2026 Volvo models ES60 and EX60. See
           | for example: https://www.jalopnik.com/2032555/volvo-ends-
           | luminar-lidar-20...
        
             | senordevnyc wrote:
             | I love Volvo, am considering buying one in a couple weeks
             | actually, but they're doing nothing interesting in terms of
             | ADAS, as far as I can tell. It seems like they're limited
             | to adaptive cruise control and lane keeping, both of which
             | have been solved problems for more than a decade.
             | 
             | It sounds like they removed Lidar due to supplier issues
             | and availability, not because they're trying to build self-
             | driving cars and have determined they don't need it
             | anymore.
        
               | nfg wrote:
               | I'd suggest doing some research on software quality. Two
               | years back I was all for buying one (I was considering an
               | EX40), but I got myself into some Facebook groups for
               | owners and was shocked at the dreadful reports of quality
               | of the software and it completely put me off. I got an
               | ID4 instead. Reports about the EX90 have been dreadful. I
               | was very interested, and I still admire their look and
               | build when they drive by - but it killed my enthusiasm to
               | buy one for a few years until they get it right.
        
               | nwienert wrote:
               | Software is pretty solid as of latest release. EX90 is a
               | sleeper pick now because of the bad press being behind
               | the latest software.
        
               | ruszki wrote:
               | Is lane keeping really a solved problem? Just last year
               | one of my brand new rented cars tried to kill me a few
               | times when I tried it again, and so far not even the
               | simple lane leaving detection mechanism worked properly
               | in any of the tried cars when it was raining.
        
               | boredtofears wrote:
               | What problem is it even solving? Keeping my car straight
               | so I can be less attentive on the road?
               | 
               | I get it in the context of driverless but find it nothing
               | but annoying as a driver.
        
               | kube-system wrote:
               | Lane keep keeps your car in the lane so you can stop
               | paying attention just like cruise control keeps you going
               | the same speed so you can stop paying attention... they
               | don't.
               | 
               | They are just aids that ease fatigue on long trips.
        
               | dham wrote:
               | Lane keep is absolutely not a solved problem. Go test
               | drive any of the latest cars from Kia, Honda, Toyota,
               | Hyundai, Ford, etc. They all will literally kill you.
        
         | xnx wrote:
         | > Suddenly all this focus on world models by Deep mind starts
         | to make sense
         | 
         | Google's been thinking about world models since at least 2018:
         | https://arxiv.org/abs/1803.10122
        
           | anp wrote:
           | FWIW I understood GP to mean that it suddenly makes sense to
           | them, not that there's been a sudden focus shift at google.
        
         | sdf2erf wrote:
         | "Waymo as a robot in the same way"
         | 
         | Erm, a dishwasher, washing machine, automated vacuum can be
         | considered robots. Im confused as to this obsession of the term
         | - there are many robots that already exist. Robotics have been
         | involved in the production of cars for decades.
         | 
         | ......
        
           | ASalazarMX wrote:
           | I think the (gray) line is the degree of autonomy. My washing
           | machine makes very small, predictable decisions, while a
           | Waymo has to manage uncertainty most of the time.
        
             | sdf2erf wrote:
             | Its irrelevant. A robot is a robot.
             | 
             | Dictionary def: "a machine controlled by a computer that is
             | used to perform jobs automatically."
        
               | ASalazarMX wrote:
               | TIL fuel injectors are robots. Probably my ceiling lights
               | too.
               | 
               | Maybe we need to nitpick about what a job is exactly? Or
               | we could agree to call Waymos (semi)autonomous robots?
        
               | mattlondon wrote:
               | No one is denying that robots existed already (but I
               | would hardly call a dishwasher a robot FWIW)
               | 
               | But in my mind a waymo was always a "car with sensors",
               | but more recently (especially having recently used them a
               | bunch in California recently) I've come to think of them
               | truly as robots.
        
               | goatlover wrote:
               | In the same way people online have argued helicopters are
               | flying cars, it doesn't capture what most people mean
               | when they use the word "robot", anymore than helicopters
               | are what people have in mind when they mention flying
               | cars.
        
               | saghm wrote:
               | A robot is a robot, and a human is a creature that won't
               | necessarily agree with another human on what the
               | definition of a word is. Dictionaries are also written by
               | humans and don't necessarily reflect the current
               | consensus, especially on terms where people's
               | understanding might evolve over time as technology
               | changes.
               | 
               | Even if that definition were universally agreed on l upon
               | though, that's not really enough to understand what the
               | parent comment was saying. Being a robot "in the same
               | way" as something else is even less objective. Humans are
               | humans, but they're also mammals; is a human a mammal "in
               | the same way" as a mouse? Most humans probably have a
               | very different view of the world than most mice, and the
               | parent comment was specifically addressing the question
               | of whether it makes sense for an autonomous car to model
               | the world the same way as other robots or not. I don't
               | see how you can dismiss this as "irrelevant" because both
               | humans and mice are mammals (or even animals; there's no
               | shortage of classifications out there) unless you're
               | completely having a different conversation than the
               | person you responded to. You're not necessarily wrong
               | because of that, but you're making a pretty significant
               | misjudgment if you think that's helpful to them or to
               | anyone else involved in the ongoing conversation.
        
         | themafia wrote:
         | It's a 3500lb robot that can kill you.
         | 
         | Boston Robotics is working on a smaller robot that can kill
         | you.
         | 
         | Anduril is working on even smaller robots that can kill you.
         | 
         | The future sucks.
        
           | zzzeek wrote:
           | and they're all controlled by (poorly compensated) humans
           | anyway [1] [2]
           | 
           | [1] https://www.wsj.com/tech/personal-tech/i-tried-the-robot-
           | tha...
           | 
           | [2] https://futurism.com/advanced-transport/waymos-
           | controlled-wo...
        
             | themafia wrote:
             | They couldn't even make burger flipping robots work and are
             | paying fast food workers $20/hr in California.
             | 
             | If that doesn't make it obvious what they can and cannot do
             | then I can't respect the tranche of "hackers" who blindly
             | cheer on this unchecked corporate dystopian nightmare.
        
         | dmd wrote:
         | Which is why it's embarrassing how much worse Gemini is at
         | searching the web for grounding information, and how incredibly
         | bad gemini cli is.
        
           | xnx wrote:
           | Not my experience in either of those areas.
        
         | coffeemug wrote:
         | The vertical integration argument should apply to Grok. They
         | have Tesla driving data (probably much more data than Waymo),
         | Twitter data, plus Tesla/SpaceX manufacturing data. When/if
         | Optimus starts on the production line, they'll have that data
         | too. You could argue they haven't figured out how to take
         | advantage of it, but the potential is definitely there.
        
           | BoredPositron wrote:
           | Agreed. Should they achieve Google level integration, we will
           | all make sure they are featured in our commentary. Their true
           | potential is surely just around the corner...
        
           | jeffbee wrote:
           | "Tesla has more data than Waymo" is some of the lamest cope
           | ever. Tesla does not have more video than Google! That's
           | crazy! People who repeat this are crazy! If there was a
           | massive flow of video from Tesla cars to Tesla HQ that would
           | have observable side effects.
        
             | schiffern wrote:
             | "More video" (gigabytes) is a straw man.
             | 
             | The key metric is more _unusual situations_. That scales
             | with miles driven, not gigabytes. With onboard inference
             | the car simply logs anything  'unusual' (low confidence) to
             | selectively upload those needle-in-a-haystack rare events.
        
         | thefounder wrote:
         | But somehow google fails to execute. Gemini is useless for
         | programming and I don't think even bother to use it as chat
         | app. Claude code + gpt 5.2 xhigh for coding and gpt as chat app
         | are really the only ones that are worth it(price and time wise)
        
           | coffeemug wrote:
           | I've recently switched to Claude for chat. GPT 5.2 feels very
           | engagement-maxxed for me, like I'm reading a bad LinkedIn
           | post. Claude does a tiny bit of this too, but an order of
           | magnitude less in my experience. I never thought I'd switch
           | from ChatGPT, but there is only so much "here's the brutal
           | truth, it's not x it's y" I can take.
        
             | aschla wrote:
             | Experiencing the same. It seems Anthropic's human-focused
             | design choices are becoming a differentiator.
        
             | thechao wrote:
             | GPT likes to _argue_ , and most of its arguments are straw
             | man arguments, usually conflating priors. It's ...
             | exhausting; akin to arguing on the internet. (What am I
             | even saying, here!?) Claude's a lot less of that. I don't
             | know if tracks discussion/conversation _better_ ; but, for
             | damn sure, it's got way less verbal diarrhea than GPT.
        
               | mrlongroots wrote:
               | Yes, GPT5-series thinking models are extremely pedantic
               | and tedious. Any conversation with them is derailed
               | because they start nitpicking something random.
               | 
               | But Codex/5.2 was substantially more effective than
               | Claude at debugging complex C++ bugs until around Fall,
               | when I was writing a lot more code.
               | 
               | I find Gemini 3 useless. It has regressed on
               | hallucinations from Gemini 2.5, to the point where its
               | output is no better than a random token stream despite
               | all its benchmark outperformance. I would use Gemini 2.5
               | to help write papers and all, can't see to use Gemini 3
               | for anything. Gemini CLI also is very non-compliant and
               | crazy.
        
             | thefounder wrote:
             | To me ChatGPT seems smarter and knows more. That's why I
             | use it. Even Claude rates gpt better for knowledge answers.
             | Not sure if that itself is any indication. Claude seems
             | superficial unless you hammer it to generate a good answer.
        
           | henryfjordan wrote:
           | Gemini works well enough in Search and in Meet. And it's
           | baked into the products so it's dead simple to use.
           | 
           | I don't think Google is targeting developers with their AI,
           | they are targeting their product's users.
        
           | noelsusman wrote:
           | It is a bit mind boggling how behind they were considering
           | they invented transformers and were also sitting on the best
           | set of training data in the world, but they've caught up
           | quite a bit. They still lag behind in coding, but I've found
           | Gemini to be pretty good at more general knowledge tasks.
           | Flash 3 in particular is much better than anything of
           | comparable price and speed from OpenAI or Anthropic.
        
           | unsupp0rted wrote:
           | Gemini is by far the best UI/UX designer model. Codex seems
           | to the worst: it'll build something awkward and ugly, then
           | Gemini will take 30-60 seconds to make it look like something
           | that would have won a design award a couple years ago.
        
           | ody4242 wrote:
           | Yesterday GPT 5.2 wrote a python function for me that had the
           | import in the middle of the code, for no reason. (It was a
           | simple import of requests module in a REST client...) Claude
           | I agree is a lot better for backend,Gemini is very good for
           | frontend
        
         | phkahler wrote:
         | Google has been doing more R&D and internal deployment of AI
         | and less trying to sell it as a product. IMHO that difference
         | in focus makes a huge difference. I used to think their early
         | work on self-driving cars was primarily to support Street View
         | in thier maps.
        
           | AlfredBarnes wrote:
           | It has always felt to me that the LLM chatbots were a
           | surprise to Google, not LLMs, or machine learning in general.
        
             | raphlinus wrote:
             | Not true at all. I interacted with Meena[1] while I was
             | there, and the _publication_ was almost three years before
             | the release of ChatGPT. It was an unsettling experience,
             | felt very science fiction.
             | 
             | [1]: https://research.google/blog/towards-a-conversational-
             | agent-...
        
               | nasretdinov wrote:
               | Well, I must say ChatGPT felt much more stable than Meena
               | when I first tried it. But, as you said, it was a few
               | years before ChatGPT was publicly announced :)
        
               | hibikir wrote:
               | The surprise was not that they existed: There were
               | chatbots in Google way before ChatGPT. What surprised
               | them was the demand, despite all the problems the
               | chatbots have. The pig problem with LLMs was not that
               | they could do nothing, but how to turn them into products
               | that made good money. Even people in openAI were
               | surprised about what happened.
               | 
               | In many ways, turning tech into products that are useful,
               | good, and don't make life hell is a more interesting
               | issue of our times than the core research itself. We
               | probably want to avoid the valuing capturing platform
               | problem, as otherwise we'll end up seeing governments
               | using ham fisted tools to punish winners in ways that
               | aren't helpful either
        
               | diamondage wrote:
               | The uptake forced the bigger companies to act. With image
               | diffusion models too - no corporate lawyer would let a
               | big company release a product that allowed the customer
               | to create any image...but when stable diffusion et al
               | started to grow like they did...there was a specific
               | price of not acting...and it was high enough to change
               | boardroom decisions
        
               | bagels wrote:
               | ChatGPT really innovated on making the chat not say
               | racist things that the press could report on. Other
               | efforts before this failed for that reason.
        
               | _alternator_ wrote:
               | Right. The problem was that people under appreciated
               | 'alignment' even before the models were big. And as they
               | get bigger and smarter it becomes more of an issue.
        
             | olalonde wrote:
             | It was a surprise to OpenAI too. ChatGPT was essentially a
             | demo app to showcase their API, it was not meant to be a
             | mass consumer product. When you think about it, ChatGPT is
             | a pretty awkward product name, but they had to stick with
             | it.
        
           | brokencode wrote:
           | There was a point in time when basically every well known AI
           | researcher worked at Google. They have been at the forefront
           | of AI research and investing heavily for longer than anybody.
           | 
           | It's kind of crazy that they have been slow to create real
           | products and competitive large scale models from their
           | research.
           | 
           | But they are in full gear now that there is real competition,
           | and it'll be cool to see what they release over the next few
           | years.
        
             | hosh wrote:
             | I also think the presence of Sergey Brin has been making a
             | difference in this.
        
               | refulgentis wrote:
               | Ex-googler: I doubt it, but am curious for rationale (i
               | know there was a round of PR re: him "coming back to help
               | with AI." but just between you and me, the word on him
               | internally, over years and multiple projects, was having
               | him around caused chaos b/c he was a tourist flitting
               | between teams, just spitting out ideas, but now you have
               | unclear direction and multiple teams hearing the same
               | "you should" and doing it)
        
               | pstuart wrote:
               | That makes sense. A "secret shopper" might be a better
               | way to avoid that but wouldn't give him the strokes of
               | being the god in the room.
        
               | belter wrote:
               | He was shopping for other strokes from Google employees:
               | https://finance.yahoo.com/blogs/the-exchange/alleged-
               | affair-...
        
               | LightBug1 wrote:
               | Oh ffs, we have an external investor who behaves like
               | that. Literally set us back a year on pet nonsense
               | projects and ideas.
        
               | redanddead wrote:
               | What'd he say
        
               | refulgentis wrote:
               | That the rocket company should buy an LLM
        
               | AYBABTME wrote:
               | the rebuke is that lack of chaos makes people feel more
               | orderly and as if things are going better, but it doesn't
               | increase your luck surface area, it just maximizes cozy
               | vibes and self interested comfort.
        
               | refulgentis wrote:
               | My dynamic range of professional experience is high,
               | dropout => waiter => found startup => acquirer => Google.
               | 
               | You're making an interesting point that I somewhat agree
               | with from the perspective of someone was...clearly a
               | little more feral than his surroundings in Google, and
               | wildly succeeded and ultimately quietly failed because of
               | it.
               | 
               | The important bit is "great man" theory doesn't solve
               | lack of dynamism. It usually makes things worse. The
               | people you read about in newspapers are pretty much as
               | smart as you, for better or worse.
               | 
               | I actually disagreed with the Sergey thing along the same
               | lines, it was being used as a parable for why it was okay
               | to do ~nothing in year 3 and continue avoiding what we
               | were supposed to ship in year 1, because only VPs outside
               | my org and the design section in my org would care.
               | 
               | Not sure if all that rhymes or will make any sense to you
               | at all. But I deeply respect the point you are
               | communicating, and also mean to communicate that there's
               | another just as strong lesson: _one person_ isn 't bright
               | enough to pull that off, and the important bit there
               | isn't "oh, he isn't special", it's that it makes you even
               | _more_ careful building organizations that maintain
               | dynamism and creativity.
        
               | sdf2erf wrote:
               | Yeah people seem to be pretty poor at judging the impact
               | of 'key' people.
               | 
               | E.g. Steve Jobs was absolutely fundamental to the turn
               | around of Apple. Will Brin have this level of incremental
               | impact on the Goog/Alphabet of today? Nah.
        
               | rstuart4133 wrote:
               | The difference is: Apple had one "key person", Jobs, and
               | yes the products he drove made the company successful.
               | Now Jobs has gone I haven't seen anything new.
               | 
               | But if you look at Google, there isn't one key product.
               | There are a whole pile of products that are best in
               | class. Search (cringe, I know it's popular here to say
               | Google search sucks and perhaps it does, but what search
               | engine is far better?), YouTube, Maps, Android, Waymo,
               | GMail, Deep Mind, the cloud infrastructure, translate,
               | lens (OCR) and probably a lot of others I've forgotten.
               | Don't forget Sheets and Docs, which while they have been
               | replicated by Microsoft and others now were first done by
               | Google. Some of them, like Maps, seem to have swapped
               | entire teams - yet continued to be best in class.
               | Predicting Google won't be at the forefront on the next
               | advance seems perilous.
               | 
               | Maybe these products have key people as you call them,
               | but the magic in Alphabet doesn't seem to be them. The
               | magic seems to be Alphabet has some way to create /
               | acquire these keep people. Or perhaps Alphabet just knows
               | how to create top engineering teams that keep rolling
               | along, even when the team members are replaced.
               | 
               | Apple produced one key person, Jobs. Alphabet seems to be
               | a factory creating lots of key people moving products
               | along. But as Google even manages to replace these key
               | people (as they did for Maps) and still keep the product
               | moving, I'm not sure they are the key to Googles success.
        
               | felixg3 wrote:
               | Docs was just an acquisition of Writely, an early ,,Web
               | 2.0" document editor service, so ,,first done by google"
               | is a bit imprecise
        
               | dietr1ch wrote:
               | In Assistant having higher-ups spitting ideas and random
               | thoughts ended up in people mistakenly assume that we
               | really wanted to go/do that, meaning that chaos resulted
               | in ill and cancelled projects.
               | 
               | The worst part was figuring what happened way too late.
               | People were having trying to go for promo for a project
               | that didn't launch. Many people got angry, some left, the
               | product felt stale and leadership&management lost trust.
        
               | alwa wrote:
               | Isn't that what the parent is describing? "Ill and
               | cancelled projects" <==> "luck surface area", and "trying
               | to go for promotion" <==> "cozy vibes and self-interested
               | comfort"?
        
               | IncreasePosts wrote:
               | I'm in a similar position and generally agree with your
               | take, but the plus side to his involvement is if he
               | believed in your project or viewpoint he would act as the
               | ultimate red tape cutter.
        
               | refulgentis wrote:
               | And there is absolutely nothing more valuable at G (no
               | snark)
               | 
               | (cheers, don't read too much signal into my thoughts,
               | it's more negative than I'd intend. Just was aware it was
               | someone going off PR, and doing hero worship that I
               | myself used to do, and was disabused over 7 years there,
               | and would like other people outside to disabuse
               | themselves of. It's _a_ place, not _the_ place)
        
               | hungryhobbit wrote:
               | Please, Google was terrible about using the tech the had
               | long before Sundar, back when Brin was in charge.
               | 
               | Google Reader is a simple example: Googl had _by far_ the
               | most popular RSS reader, and they just threw it away. A
               | single intern could have kept the whole thing running,
               | and Google has literal billions, but they couldn 't see
               | the value in it.
               | 
               | I mean, it's not like being able to see what a good
               | portion of America is reading every day could have any
               | value for an AI company, right?
               | 
               | Google has always been terrible about turning tech into
               | (viable, maintained) products.
        
               | vinkelhake wrote:
               | Is there an equivalent to Godwin's law wrt threads about
               | Google and Google Reader?
               | 
               | See also: any programming thread and Rust.
        
               | scarmig wrote:
               | I'm convinced my last groan will be reading a thread
               | about Google paper clipping the world, and someone will
               | be moaning about Google Reader.
        
               | tbossanova wrote:
               | "A more elegant weapon of a civilised age."
        
               | refulgentis wrote:
               | Lol, it seems obvious in retrospect, there really,
               | really, needs to be.
               | 
               | Therefore we now have "Vinkel's Law"
        
               | wisty wrote:
               | It's far from the only example
               | https://killedbygoogle.com/
        
               | jamespo wrote:
               | Took a while but I got to the google reader post. Self
               | host tt-rss, it's much better
        
               | DiggyJohnson wrote:
               | How is this relevant? At best it's tangentially related
               | and low effort
        
               | burgreblast wrote:
               | I never get the moaning about killing Reader. It was
               | never about popularity or user experience.
               | 
               | Reader had to be killed because it [was seen as] a
               | suboptimal ad monetization engine. Page views were
               | superior.
               | 
               | Was Google going to support minimizing ads in any way?
        
               | theptip wrote:
               | Right. Reader was not a case of apathy and failure to see
               | the product's value.
               | 
               | It was Google clearly seeing the product's value, and
               | killing it because that value was detrimental to their
               | ads business.
        
               | largbae wrote:
               | Can you not vibe code it back into existence yet?
        
               | belter wrote:
               | Because after the death of Epstein he suddenly had a lot
               | of free time?
               | 
               | https://www.wsj.com/finance/jeffrey-epstein-advised-
               | sergey-b...
               | 
               | https://x.com/MarioNawfal/status/2017428928814588323
        
               | rvnx wrote:
               | If this is true, this is disappointing :/
               | 
               | On a similar topic, it is worth mentioning the
               | entrepreneurs that are forced into sex (or let's say,
               | very pushed) by VCs.
               | 
               | For those who feel safe or taking it as a joke, this
               | affects women AND men.
               | 
               | Some people are going to be disappointed about their
               | heroes.
        
               | sdf2erf wrote:
               | Dont mention the recent Eric Schmidt scandal.
               | 
               | Barely any of these jokers are clean. Makes MZ look
               | seemingly normal in comparison.
        
               | belter wrote:
               | >> If this is true, this is disappointing
               | 
               | Wait for the second set of files...
               | 
               | "...One of Mr. Epstein's former boat captains told The
               | New York Times earlier this year that he had seen Mr.
               | Brin on the island more than once..."
               | 
               | https://dnyuz.com/2026/01/31/powerful-men-who-turn-up-in-
               | the...
        
               | wslh wrote:
               | What's striking is the sheer scale of Epstein's and
               | Maxwell's scheduling and access. The source material
               | makes it hard to even imagine how two people could
               | sustain that many meetings/parties/dinners/victims,
               | across so many places, with such high-profile figures.
               | And, how those figures consistently found the time to
               | meet them.
        
               | belter wrote:
               | Ghislaine making a speech at the UN...
               | https://youtu.be/-h5K3hfaXx4?t=350
        
             | smallnix wrote:
             | > It's kind of crazy that they have been slow to create
             | real products and competitive large scale models from their
             | research.
             | 
             | I always thought they deliberately tried to contain the
             | genie in the bottle as long as they could
        
               | mullingitover wrote:
               | Their unreleased LaMDA[1] famously caused one of their
               | own engineers to have a public crashout in 2022, before
               | ChatGPT dropped. Pre-ChatGPT they also showed it off in
               | their research blog[2] and showed it doing very ChatGPT-
               | like things and they alluded to 'risks,' but those were
               | primarily around it using naughty language or spreading
               | misinformation.
               | 
               | I think they were worried that releasing a product like
               | ChatGPT only had downside risks for them, because it
               | might mess up their money printing operation over in
               | advertising by doing slurs and swears. Those sweet summer
               | children: little did they know they could run an
               | operation with a seig-heiling CEO who uses LLMs to
               | manufacture and distribute CSAM worldwide, and it
               | wouldn't make above-the-fold news.
               | 
               | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaMDA#Sentience_claims
               | 
               | [2] https://research.google/blog/lamda-towards-safe-
               | grounded-and...
        
               | xtracto wrote:
               | Attention is all you need was written by Googlers IIRC.
        
               | mullingitover wrote:
               | Indeed, none of the current AI boom would've happened
               | without Google Brain and their failure to execute on
               | their huge early lead. It's basically a Xerox Parc do-
               | over with ads instead of printers.
        
               | bhadass wrote:
               | I swear the Tay incident caused tech companies to be
               | unnecessarily risk averse with chatbots for years.
        
               | tempest_ wrote:
               | The front runner is not always the winner. If they were
               | able to keep pace with openai while letting them take all
               | the hits and miss steps, it could pay off.
               | 
               | Time will tell if LLM training becomes a race to the
               | bottom or the release of the "open source" ones proves to
               | be a spoiler. From the outside looking while ChatGPT has
               | brand recognition for the average person who could not
               | tell the difference between any two LLMs google offering
               | Gemini in android phones could perhaps supplant them.
        
             | Arainach wrote:
             | >It's kind of crazy that they have been slow to create real
             | products and competitive large scale models from their
             | research.
             | 
             | Not really. If Google released all of this first instead of
             | companies that have never made a profit and perhaps never
             | will, the case law would simply be the copyright holders
             | suing them for infringement and winning.
        
             | wslh wrote:
             | > It's kind of crazy that they have been slow to create
             | real products and competitive large scale models from their
             | research.
             | 
             | It's not that crazy. Sometimes the rational move is to wait
             | for a market to fully materialize before going after it.
             | This isn't a Xerox PARC situation, nor really the
             | innovator's dilemma, it's about timing: turning research
             | into profits when market conditions finally make it viable.
             | Even mammoths like Google are limited in their ability to
             | create entirely new markets.
        
               | DSingularity wrote:
               | This take makes even more sense when you consider the
               | costs of making a move to create the market. The
               | organizational energy and its necessary loss in focus and
               | resources limits their ability to experiment. Arguably
               | the best strategy for Google: (1) build foundational
               | depth in research and infrastructure that would be
               | impossible for competition to quickly replicate (2) wait
               | for the market to present a clear new opportunity for you
               | (3) capture it decisively by focusing and exploiting
               | every foundational advantage Google was able to build.
        
           | AbstractH24 wrote:
           | Google and OpenAI are both taking very big gambles with AI,
           | with an eye towards 2036 not 2026. As are many others, but
           | them in particular.
           | 
           | It'll be interesting to see which pays off and which becomes
           | Quibi
        
             | majormajor wrote:
             | Quibi would be if someone came in 10 years from now and
             | said "if we put a lot more money behind spitting out
             | content using characters and settings from Hollywood IP
             | than we'll obviously be way more popular than a tech
             | company can be!"
        
           | aiauthoritydev wrote:
           | Use your own sh*t is one of the best way to build excellent
           | products.
        
         | jasondigitized wrote:
         | The flywheel is starting to spin......
        
         | spiderfarmer wrote:
         | Grok/xAI is a joke at this point. A true money pit without any
         | hopes for a serious revenue stream.
         | 
         | They should be bought by a rocket company. Then they would
         | stand a chance.
        
         | uoaei wrote:
         | What an upsetting comment. I'm glad you came around but what
         | did you think was going to be effective before you came around
         | to world models?
        
         | Dig1t wrote:
         | >or grok's porn
         | 
         | I know it's gross, but I would not discount this. Remember why
         | Blu-ray won over HDDVD? I know it won for many other technical
         | reasons, but I think there are a few historical examples of
         | sexual content being a big competitive advantage.
        
         | schiffern wrote:
         | >I've never really thought of Waymo as a robot in the same way
         | as e.g. a Boston Dynamics humanoid, but of course it is a robot
         | of sorts.
         | 
         | So for the record, with this realization you're 3+ years behind
         | Tesla.
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ODSJsviD_SU&t=3594s
        
           | tapoxi wrote:
           | Aren't they still using safety drivers or safety follow cars
           | and in fewer cities? Seems Tesla is pretty far behind.
        
             | schiffern wrote:
             | What do you think I said that you're contradicting?
             | 
             | IMO the presence of safety chase vehicles is just a
             | sensible "as low as reasonably achievable" measure during
             | the early rollout. I'm not sure that can (fairly) be used
             | as a point against them.
             | 
             | I'm comfortably with Tesla sparing no expense for safety,
             | since I think we all (including Tesla) understand that this
             | isn't the ultimate implementation. In fact, I think it
             | would be a scandal if Tesla _failed_ to do exactly that.
             | 
             | Damned if you do and damned if you don't, apparently.
        
               | tapoxi wrote:
               | I don't know if Tesla claiming they're doing something
               | carries weight anymore.
        
               | schiffern wrote:
               | Setting aside the anti-Tesla bias, none of what I said
               | relies on Tesla claims. The "chase vehicle" claims are
               | all based on third-party accounts from actual rideshare
               | customers.
        
               | Mawr wrote:
               | > IMO the presence of safety chase vehicles is just a
               | sensible "as low as reasonably achievable" measure during
               | the early rollout. I'm not sure that can (fairly) be used
               | as a point against them.
               | 
               | Only if you're comparing them to another company, which
               | you seem to be. So yes, yes it can.
               | 
               | Seriously, the amount of sheer cope here is insane. Waymo
               | is doing the thing. Tesla is not. If Tesla were capable
               | of doing it, they would be. But they're not.
               | 
               | It really is as simple as that and no amount of random
               | facts you may bring up will change the reality. Waymo is
               | _doing the thing_.
        
               | schiffern wrote:
               | >Waymo is _doing the thing._
               | 
               | This worldview is overly simplistic.
               | 
               | Waymo has (very shrewdly, for prospective investors at
               | least) executed a strategy that most quickly scales to
               | 0.1% of the population. Unfortunately it doesn't scale
               | further. The cars are too costly and the mapping is too
               | costly. There is _no workable plan_ for significant scale
               | from Waymo.
               | 
               | Tesla is executing the strategy that most quickly scales
               | to 100% of the population.
        
               | ra7 wrote:
               | > _Tesla is executing the strategy that most quickly
               | scales to 100% of the population._
               | 
               | So, uh... where is this "scale" then? This "strategy" has
               | been bandied about for better part of a decade. Why are
               | they still in a tiny geofence in Austin with chase cars?
               | 
               | Waymo is doing it right now. _Half a million_ rides every
               | week, expansion to a dozen new cities. Tesla does a few
               | hundred in a tiny area.
               | 
               | Scale is assessed by looking at concrete numbers, not by
               | "strategies" that haven't materialized for a decade.
        
               | essdas wrote:
               | > most quickly scales to 0.1% of the population.
               | Unfortunately it doesn't scale further
               | 
               | Data suggests that they're already available to ~2% of
               | the US population.
        
           | numpad0 wrote:
           | Practically ALL course introductory materials that regard
           | robotics and AI that I've seen began with "you might imagine
           | a talking bipedal humanoid when you hear the word `robot`,
           | but perhaps the most commonplace robot that you have seen is
           | a vending machine", with the illustration of a typical
           | 80s-90s outdoor soda vendor with no apparent moving parts.
           | 
           | So "maybe cars are a bit of robots too" is more like 30-50
           | years behind the time.
        
         | londons_explore wrote:
         | Internal firewalls and poor management means that the vast
         | majority of integration opportunities are missed.
        
         | QuantumFunnel wrote:
         | Also known as a monopoly. This should terrify us all.
        
           | Andrex wrote:
           | No, it's known as vertical integration, which is legally
           | permitted by default.
        
           | cman1444 wrote:
           | Monopolies are essentially 100% horizontal integration.
           | Vertical integration is a completely different concept.
        
         | lagrange77 wrote:
         | > I've never really thought of Waymo as a robot in the same way
         | as e.g. a Boston Dynamics humanoid, but of course it is a robot
         | of sorts.
         | 
         | I view Tesla also more as a robot company than anything else.
        
         | rswail wrote:
         | Maybe they were focusing on a real world use that basically
         | requires AI, but not LLMs.
         | 
         | Tesla claimed that all their "real world" recording would give
         | them a moat on FSD.
         | 
         | Waymo is showing that a) you need to be able to incorporate
         | stuff that isn't "real" when training, and b) you get a lot
         | more information from alternate sensors to visible spectrum
         | only.
        
         | ericzundel wrote:
         | I just listened to a fantastic multi-hour Acquired
         | (https://www.acquired.fm/) podcast episode on Google and AI
         | that talks about the history of Google and AI and all the ways
         | they have been using it since 2012. It's really fascinating.
         | You can forgive them for not focusing on Reader or any of their
         | other properties when you realize they were pulling in hundreds
         | of billions of dollars of value by making big bets in AI and
         | incorporating it into their core business.
        
         | theptip wrote:
         | So is this a model baked into the VLLM layer? Or a scaffold
         | that the agent sits in for testing?
         | 
         | If the former then it's relevant to the broader discourse on
         | LLM generality. If the latter, then it seems less relevant to
         | chatbots and business agents.
         | 
         | Edit to add: this is not part of the model, it's in a separate
         | pillar (Simulator vs Driver). More at
         | https://waymo.com/blog/2025/12/demonstrably-safe-ai-for-
         | auto....
        
         | YeGoblynQueenne wrote:
         | >> Suddenly all this focus on world models by Deep mind starts
         | to make sense.
         | 
         | The apparent applicability to Waymo is incidental, more likely
         | because a few millions+ were spent on Genie and they have to do
         | something with it. DeepMind started to train "world models"
         | because that's the current overhyped buzzword in the industry.
         | First it was "natural language understanding" and "question
         | answering" back in the days of old BERT, then it was "agentic",
         | then "reasoning", now it's "world models", next years it's
         | going to be "emotions" or "social intelligence" or some other
         | anthropomorphic, over-drawn neologism. If you follow a few AI
         | accounts on social media you really can't miss when those
         | things suddenly start trending, then pretty much die out and
         | only a few stragglers still try to publish papers on them
         | because they failed to get the memo that we're now all running
         | behind the Next Big Thing(tm).
        
           | wiz21c wrote:
           | notice that all these buzzwords you give actually correspond
           | to real advances in the field. All of these were improvements
           | on something existing, not a big revolution for sure, but
           | definitely measurable improvements.
        
             | YeGoblynQueenne wrote:
             | Those are not "real advances in the field", which is why
             | they are constantly abandoned for the next new buzzword.
        
       | Vosporos wrote:
       | The new frontier is manifestly the Phillipines.
        
         | elliotec wrote:
         | Can you explain? I lived in PH, and my guess is that you mean
         | navigating and modeling the unending and constantly changing
         | chaos of the street systems (and lack thereof) is going to be a
         | monumental task which I completely agree with. It would be an
         | impressive feat if possible.
         | 
         | Edit: or are you talking about the allegations of workers in
         | the Philippines controlling the Waymos:
         | https://futurism.com/advanced-transport/waymos-controlled-wo...
         | I guess both are valid.
        
       | hazrmard wrote:
       | cue the bell curve meme for learning autonomy:
       | ____.----.____               ______/              \______
       | _____/                            \_____
       | ________________________________________
       | (simulations)  (real world data)  (simulations)
       | 
       | Seems like it, no?
       | 
       | We started with physics-based simulators for training policies.
       | Then put them in the real world using modular
       | perception/prediction/planning systems. Once enough data was
       | collected, we went back to making simulators. This time, they're
       | physics "informed" deep learning models.
        
         | crazygringo wrote:
         | That's a very interesting way of looking at it. Yes, you start
         | with simulating something simpler than the real world. Then you
         | use the real world. Then you need to go back to simulations for
         | real-world things that are too rare in the real world to train
         | with.
         | 
         | Seems like there ought to be a name for this, like so-and-so's
         | law.
        
           | buddhistdude wrote:
           | hazrmard's law
        
             | crazygringo wrote:
             | It is thus.
        
       | tgrowazay wrote:
       | This page crashes my browser.
       | 
       | Vivaldi 7.8.3931.63 on iOS 26.2.1 iPhone 16 pro
        
       | AndrewKemendo wrote:
       | For whatever it's worth World models is going to be the dominant
       | computing structure of the future
       | 
       | I started working heavily on realizing them in 2016 and it is
       | unquestionably (finally) the future of AI
        
       | smcl wrote:
       | The Waymo driving model: hire some guys in Philippines:
       | https://futurism.com/advanced-transport/waymos-controlled-wo...
        
         | themafia wrote:
         | Dig deep enough into any "AI" idea and you'll find the bottom
         | end of the scam looks exactly like this.
         | 
         | We've simply relabeled the "Mechanical Turk" into "AI."
         | 
         | The rest is built on stolen copyrighted data.
         | 
         | The new corporate model: "just lie the government clearly
         | doesn't give a shit anymore."
        
         | ASalazarMX wrote:
         | This is not false, but gives the wrong idea that foreigners are
         | driving them in real time.
         | 
         | > After being pressed for a breakdown on where these overseas
         | operators operate, Pena said he didn't have those stats,
         | explaining that some operators live in the US, but others live
         | much further away, including in the Philippines.
         | 
         | > "They provide guidance," he argued. "They do not remotely
         | drive the vehicles. Waymo asks for guidance in certain
         | situations and gets an input, but the Waymo vehicle is always
         | in charge of the dynamic driving tasks, so that is just one
         | additional input."
        
         | ddalex wrote:
         | Have you read the article ? The guys in the Philippines are
         | providing high level executive indications, they don't drive
         | remotely the car or have any low level control of the car.
        
         | andreyk wrote:
         | This is quite misleading... From the article:
         | 
         | "When the Waymo vehicle encounters a particular situation on
         | the road, the autonomous driver can reach out to a human fleet
         | response agent for additional information to contextualize its
         | environment," the post reads. "The Waymo Driver [software] does
         | not rely solely on the inputs it receives from the fleet
         | response agent and it is in control of the vehicle at all
         | times." [from Waymo's own blog
         | https://waymo.com/blog/2024/05/fleet-response/]
         | 
         | What's the problem with this?
        
           | creata wrote:
           | In my opinion there's nothing _wrong_ with it per se, but (a)
           | it 's still worth mentioning, because most people have the
           | impression that Waymo cars are completely unassisted, and (b)
           | it makes me wonder how feasible Waymo's operations would be
           | if it weren't for global income inequality.
        
       | ge96 wrote:
       | What is the 5/3 tiles? Cameras?
        
         | spaceywilly wrote:
         | The model generates camera and Lidar data. As if it was a Waymo
         | car that drove through the simulated scenario with its cameras
         | running. This synthetic training data can then be used to train
         | the driving models.
        
           | ge96 wrote:
           | Wonder how it'll do. The trees change shape (presumably the
           | Lidar patterns do too). I get the premise/why but it seems
           | odd to me (armchair) to use fake data. Real trees don't
           | change shape (in real time) although it can be windy.
           | 
           | It probably doesn't matter though, "this general blob over
           | there"
        
       | 01100011 wrote:
       | Nvidia has had this for years. What am I missing?
        
       | LowLevelKernel wrote:
       | Instructions to load it on WAYMAX simulator?
        
       | jrm4 wrote:
       | 1. Still hard not to think that this is a huge waste of time as
       | opposed to something that's a little more like a public transport
       | train-ish thing, i.e. integrate with established infrastructure.
       | 
       | 2. No seriously, is the filipino driver thing confirmed? It
       | really feels like they're trying to bury that.
        
         | smotched wrote:
         | America is not europe, how would public transport work for the
         | last 1/2miles
        
           | goatlover wrote:
           | Walking, bikes and scooters.
        
             | smotched wrote:
             | again, this is not europe. we don't ride bikes, and we
             | certainly don't walk.
        
               | kube-system wrote:
               | Yeah, that's the root of a lot of problems in the US.
               | 
               | But pedestrian infrastructure is a very simple problem to
               | solve, even in the US. Just look at how the market
               | responds to public transit projects in the US ---
               | developers trip over themselves to build projects in
               | response to the induced demand.
               | 
               | Likewise they also responded to the reduced demand as a
               | result of ripping out public transit infrastructure in
               | the 20th century. Which is why doughnut-shaped cities are
               | common in the US.
        
         | airstrike wrote:
         | "The Filipino driver thing" is simply that there's a manual
         | override ability when this profoundly complex and marvelously
         | novel technology gets trapped in edge cases.
         | 
         | Once it gets unstuck, it runs autonomously.
        
         | iknowstuff wrote:
         | Filipino driver is false. Filipino guidance person is true.
        
           | jrm4 wrote:
           | The difference being?
        
             | mkl wrote:
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=46918834
        
             | kube-system wrote:
             | They're like a back-seat driver instead of a driver. They
             | can say "take that turn", or "go over there", but they
             | can't operate the controls.
        
         | hiddencost wrote:
         | (2) I really don't understand why people are surprised that
         | Waymo has fallbacks? The fact that they had a team ready to
         | take over as necessary was well known. I've seen a bunch of
         | comments about this and it seems like people are confused.
        
           | anigbrowl wrote:
           | I think they're surprised to learn it's being done by a bunch
           | of people on the other side of the world because they don't
           | want to pay American wages.
        
           | jrm4 wrote:
           | I think you sort of fundamentally misunderstand the whole
           | "steak vs sizzle" thing in capitalism?
           | 
           | The technology "feels" way less cool knowing that there are
           | human backups, which would absolutely in turn make its
           | percieved value go down.
        
         | spaceywilly wrote:
         | My view on Waymo and autonomous taxis in general is they will
         | eventually make public transit obsolete. Once there is a
         | robotaxi available to pick up and drop off every passenger
         | directly from a to b, the whole system could be made to be
         | super efficient. It will take time to get there though.
         | 
         | But eventually I think we will get there. Human drivers will be
         | banned, the roads will be exclusively used by autonomous
         | vehicles that are very efficient drivers (we could totally
         | remove stoplights, for example. Only pedestrian crossing signs
         | would be needed. Robo-vehicles could plug into a city-wide
         | network that optimizes the routing of every vehicle.) At that
         | point, public transit becomes subsidized robotaxi rides. Why
         | take a subway when a car can take you door to door with an
         | optimized route?
         | 
         | So in terms of why it isn't a waste of time, it's a step along
         | the path towards this vision. We can't flip a switch and make
         | this tech exist, it will happen in gradual steps.
        
           | sagarm wrote:
           | If everyone in NYC tried to commute in a single-occupancy
           | vehicle, there would be gridlock -- AVs or no.
        
           | rootusrootus wrote:
           | > Human drivers will be banned, the roads will be exclusively
           | used by autonomous vehicles
           | 
           | I basically agree with your premise that public transit as it
           | exists today will be rendered obsolete, but I think this
           | point here is where your prediction hits a wall. I would be
           | stunned if we agreed to eliminate human drivers from the road
           | in my lifetime, or the lifetime of anyone alive today. Waymo
           | is amazing, but still just at the beginning of the long tail.
        
             | Jblx2 wrote:
             | Is that:
             | 
             | - I would be stunned if we agree to eliminate human drivers
             | from 100% of roads in the lifetime of anyone alive today.
             | 
             | or
             | 
             | - I would be stunned if we agree to eliminate human drivers
             | from 10% of roads...
             | 
             | ...or is there some other percentage to qualify this? I
             | guess I wouldn't expect there to be a decree that makes it
             | happen all at once for a country. Especially a large
             | country like the U.S.. More like, some really dense city
             | will decide to make a tiny core autonomous vehicles only,
             | and then some other cities also do years later. And then
             | maybe it expands to something larger than just the core
             | after 5 or 10 years. And so on...
        
               | rootusrootus wrote:
               | That is a fair point, since it is fairly safe to make
               | "this absolute claim will never happen." And the person I
               | replied to did say 'exclusively', which implies 100%
               | elimination of human drivers. But still, I appreciate
               | your nuance.
               | 
               | And in the spirit of that nuance, I will revise my
               | statement slightly. I think it is entirely possible we
               | will eliminate drivers on 10% of roads. We have rules
               | that are analogous to that already with limited access
               | highways. Though I would rate this still as unlikely,
               | since such roads only make up just over 1% of all the
               | roads in the US as it is. Not sure what the % is for
               | other countries, probably less.
               | 
               | > some really dense city will decide to make a tiny core
               | autonomous vehicles only
               | 
               | Agree 100%, this kind of thing I do expect to see happen.
               | We already have exclusions for cars altogether in favor
               | of pedestrians, so the precedent is set.
        
             | xnx wrote:
             | > I would be stunned if we agreed to eliminate human
             | drivers from the road in my lifetime
             | 
             | It basically happened for horses.
        
               | anigbrowl wrote:
               | Horses don't vote.
        
               | xnx wrote:
               | Neither do cars?
        
               | anigbrowl wrote:
               | Drivers, however, absolutely do. And I do not see enough
               | drivers voting away their own ability to drive any time
               | soon.
        
               | semiquaver wrote:
               | A few years ago I would have (and did) considered the
               | notion that manually programming was about to turn into a
               | quaint relic and computers would be writing 90%+ of code
               | preposterous. Once an alternative becomes obviously
               | superior things can change very fast.
        
               | xnx wrote:
               | Right, I was pointing out that at some point there was
               | probably a horse-rider constituency as there is a driver
               | constituency today.
        
               | rootusrootus wrote:
               | Did it? I did a cursory search and it seems like many
               | places still permit horse-drawn carriages, just not on
               | limited access highways. Sometimes with fairly onerous
               | licensing and operational requirements (speed limits, poo
               | management, etc), but still allowed.
        
               | xnx wrote:
               | I think that will be how human-driven cars are in 30(?)
               | years. Rare, but allowed with restrictions.
        
           | ianburrell wrote:
           | Automated taxis would still be stuck in traffic. Automation
           | gets couple times in capacity, but the induced demand and
           | extra cars looking for rides and parking will mean traffic.
           | 
           | Automation makes public transit better. There will be
           | automated minibuses that are more flexible and frequent than
           | today's buses. Automation also means that buses get a virtual
           | bus lane. Taxis solve the last mile problem, by taking taxi
           | to the station, riding train with thousands of people, and
           | then taking more transit.
           | 
           | Also, we might discover the advantage of human powered
           | transit. Ebikes are more efficient than cars and give health
           | benefits. They will be much safer than automated cars. Could
           | use the extra capacity for bike and bus lanes.
        
             | rootusrootus wrote:
             | > There will be automated minibuses that are more flexible
             | and frequent than today's buses.
             | 
             | In my sleepy metro area that has at least mid-tier
             | respectable public transit (by US standards only),
             | otherwise known as Portland, I think a lot of the routes
             | would be better served by minibuses than full size. I
             | wonder how the economics work out on that. Maybe dominated
             | by labor? Tri-met drivers have a reputation of being paid
             | handsomely as they gain seniority.
        
               | ianburrell wrote:
               | I'm also in Portland. In the US, bus costs are dominated
               | by labor. It makes sense to use full size buses if paying
               | for driver. For main routes, more automated buses would
               | be best option. But there are cross town routes that
               | should be served with minibuses. Especially ones feeding
               | MAX stops.
        
           | Mawr wrote:
           | > Once there is a robotaxi available to pick up and drop off
           | every passenger directly from a to b, the whole system could
           | be made to be super efficient.
           | 
           | Fundamentally impossible. You're moving some 2 tons of mass
           | in a 2x5m box on polluting rubber tires to move a single
           | 100kg human.
           | 
           | I can always take whatever efficiency gain you've thought up
           | and simply make the vehicle bigger, decreasing the cost and
           | space used per passenger, and maybe even put it on rails,
           | making it less polluting, and more energy efficient.
           | 
           | You can't engineer your way out of the laws of physics.
           | 
           | And don't even get me started on e-bikes.
        
           | kube-system wrote:
           | Only in lower density areas.
           | 
           | In high density regions, vehicles on surface roads can't meet
           | the passenger demand required. Even if you banned human
           | drivers, the other human users introduce too much variability
           | and delay (passengers loading and unloading, errant objects,
           | cyclists and pedestrians, etc). Roll a dumpster in the
           | street, and have a couple of jaywalkers, and the entire
           | system crawls to a stop.
           | 
           | Controlled access is required to get even medium-high
           | throughput. But these systems already exist, they are called
           | personal rapid transit systems.
        
         | jeffbee wrote:
         | They are not trying to "bury" remote assistance at all. They
         | wrote a white paper about it in 2020 and a blog post about it
         | in 2024.
         | 
         | Anyway you can think it's a waste but they're wasting their
         | money, not yours. If you want a train in your town, go get one.
         | Waymo has only spent, cumulatively, about 4 months of the
         | budgets of American transit agencies. If you had all that money
         | it wouldn't amount to anything.
        
           | jrm4 wrote:
           | "At all?"
           | 
           | Oh _come on_ -- of course they are. That 's precisely why you
           | put it in a "white paper" and not, you know, ads.
        
         | anigbrowl wrote:
         | 2. Yes, a Waymo exec described it in a Congressional hearing.
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=46918043
        
         | frenchy wrote:
         | As someone who half-learned to drive in Manila, the idea that
         | they would use Filipino drivers as backups is ironic.
         | 
         | For context, my "driver's test" was going to the back of the
         | office, and driving some old car backwards and forwards a few
         | meters.
        
         | kevincox wrote:
         | I am very pro public transit. But there is still a place for
         | cars (ideally mostly taxis). Going to more rural areas or when
         | you need to carry more stuff. I think an ideal society would
         | have both urban transit, inter-city transit and taxis for the
         | other trips and going out into the country.
        
       | ActorNightly wrote:
       | This is cool, but they are still not going about it the right
       | way.
       | 
       | Its much easier to build everything into the compressed latent
       | space of physical objects and how they move, and operate from
       | there.
       | 
       | Everyone jumped on the end-2-end bandwagon, which then locks you
       | into the input to your driving model being vision, which means
       | that you have to have things like genie to generate vision data,
       | which is wasteful.
        
         | sagarm wrote:
         | The article is about using the world model to generate
         | simulations, not for controlling the vehicle.
        
         | senordevnyc wrote:
         | _This is cool, but they are still not going about it the right
         | way._
         | 
         | This is legit hilarious to read from some random HN account.
        
       | phailhaus wrote:
       | Finally I understand the use case for Genie 3. All the talk about
       | "you can make any videogame or movie" seems to have been pure
       | distraction from real uses like this: limited, time-boxed
       | simulated footage.
        
       | fabmilo wrote:
       | Very impressive work from Waymo. The driving with a tornado in
       | the horizon example kind of struck my imagination, many people
       | actually panic in such scenarios. I wonder though the compute
       | requirements to run these simulations and producing so many data
       | points.
        
       | AceJohnny2 wrote:
       | IIUC, there's a confusion of meaning for "World Model", between
       | Waymo/Deepmind's which is something that can create a consistent
       | world (for use to train Waymo's Driver), vs Yann LeCun/Advanced
       | Machine Intelligence (AMI) which is something that can understand
       | a world.
        
         | xnx wrote:
         | I don't think there's a conflict. If you can predict the world
         | you understand it.
        
       | joshuamerrill wrote:
       | It's impressive to see simulation training for floods, tornadoes,
       | and wildfires. But it's also kind of baffling that a city full of
       | Waymos all seemed to fail simultaneously in San Francisco when
       | the power went out on Dec 22.
       | 
       | A power outage feels like a baseline scenario--orders of
       | magnitude more common than the disasters in this demo. If the
       | system can't degrade gracefully when traffic lights go dark, what
       | exactly is all that simulation buying us?
        
         | flutas wrote:
         | They've also been seen driving directly into flood waters, with
         | one driving through the middle of a flooded parking lot.
         | 
         | https://www.reddit.com/r/SelfDrivingCars/comments/1pem9ep/hm...
        
           | coolfox wrote:
           | curious what your take away from that is given the
           | announcement.
        
         | GoatOfAplomb wrote:
         | All this simulation buys a single vehicle that drives better.
         | That failure was a fleet-wide event (overloading the remote
         | assistance humans).
         | 
         | That is, both are true: this high-fidelity simulation is
         | valuable and it won't catch all failure modes. Or in other
         | words, it's still on Waymo for failing during the power outage,
         | but it's not uniquely on Waymo's simulation team.
        
       | t1234s wrote:
       | Could these world models be used to build some sort of endless
       | GranTurismo type street racing game?
        
         | crazygringo wrote:
         | It seems inevitable that they'll soon be used as the starting
         | points for developing almost all video game environments.
         | 
         | Not for the rendering (that's still way too expensive), but for
         | the initial world generation that gets iteratively refined and
         | then still ultimately gets converted into textured triangles.
        
           | creata wrote:
           | > It seems inevitable that they'll soon be used as the
           | starting points for developing almost all video game
           | environments.
           | 
           |  _Almost all_ video game environments? No way. That statement
           | really needs to be qualified with the genres of games you 're
           | considering.
        
       | nightpool wrote:
       | Interesting, but it feels like it's going to cope very poorly
       | with actually safety-critical situations. Having a world model
       | that's trained on successful driving data feels like it's going
       | to "launder" a lot of implicit assumptions that would cause a car
       | to get into a crash in real life (e.g. there's probably no
       | examples in the training data where the car is behind a stopped
       | car, and the driver pulls over to another lane and another car
       | comes from behind and crashes into the driver because it didn't
       | check its blindspot). These types of subtle biases are going to
       | make AI-simulated world models a poor fit for training safety
       | systems where failure cannot be represented in the training data,
       | since they basically give models "free reign" to do anything that
       | couldn't be represented in world model training.
        
         | 420official wrote:
         | You're forgetting that they are also training with real data
         | from the 100+ million miles they've driven on real roads with
         | riders, and using that data to train the world model AI.
         | 
         | > there's probably no examples in the training data where the
         | car is behind a stopped car, and the driver pulls over to
         | another lane and another car comes from behind and crashes into
         | the driver because it didn't check its blindspot
         | 
         | This specific scenario is in the examples:
         | https://videos.ctfassets.net/7ijaobx36mtm/3wK6IWWc8UmhFNUSyy...
         | 
         | It doesn't show the failure mode, it demonstrates the
         | successful crash avoidance.
        
         | MillionOClock wrote:
         | While there most likely is going to be some bias in the
         | training of those kinds of models, we can also hope that
         | transfer learning from other non-driving videos will at least
         | help generate something close enough to the very real but
         | unusual situations you are mentioning. We could imagine an LLM
         | serving as some kind of fuzzer to create a large variety of
         | prompts for the world model, which as we can see in the article
         | seems pretty capable at generating fictive scenarios when asked
         | to.
         | 
         | As always tho the devil lies in the details: is an LLM based
         | generation pipeline good enough? What even is the definition of
         | "good enough"? Even with good prompts will the world model
         | output something sufficiently close to reality so that it can
         | be used as a good virtual driving environment for further
         | training / testing of autonomous cars? Or do the kind of
         | limitations you mentioned still mean subtle but dangerous
         | imprecisions will slip through and cause too poor data
         | distribution to be a truly viable approach?
         | 
         | My personal feeling is that this we will land somewhere in
         | between: I think approaches like this one will be very useful,
         | but I also don't think the current state of AI models mean we
         | can have something 100% reliable with this.
         | 
         | The question is: is 100% reliability a realistic goal? Human
         | drivers are definitely not 100% reliable. If we come up with a
         | solution 10x more reliable than the best human drivers, that
         | maybe has some also some hard proof that it cannot have certain
         | classes of catastrophic failure modes (probably with verified
         | code based approaches that for instance guarantees that even if
         | the NN output is invalid the car doesn't try to make moves out
         | of a verifiably safe envelope) then I feel like the public and
         | regulators would be much more inclined to authorize full
         | autonomy.
        
       | ok_dad wrote:
       | I'd like to see Waymo have a few of their Drivers do some sim
       | racing training and then compete in some live events. It wouldn't
       | matter much to me if they were fast at all, I'd like to see them
       | go into the rookie classes in various games and see how they
       | avoid crashes from inexperienced players. I believe that it would
       | be the ultimate "shitty drivers vs. AI" test.
        
         | JBorrow wrote:
         | Racing and street driving are completely different. Racing
         | involves detailed knowledge of vehicle dynamics and grip.
         | Street driving is mainly obstacle recognition and avoidance. No
         | waymo ever operates anywhere close to the limit of grip, which
         | is where you are all the time when racing.
        
           | ok_dad wrote:
           | Sure but accident avoidance in sim racing is basically the
           | ultimate test for any driver.
           | 
           | I also said it wouldn't matter if they're fast, I don't care
           | about driving at the limit of grip here, just avoiding
           | accidents.
        
       | pcurve wrote:
       | Dumb question - Why would Waymo disclose this much information to
       | public and competitors?
        
         | wnevets wrote:
         | Maybe to distract from the story that they use remote drivers
         | after one of their cars hit a kid? [1]
         | 
         | [1] https://people.com/waymo-exec-reveals-company-uses-
         | operators...
         | 
         | edit: fixed kill -> hit
        
           | docere wrote:
           | The child did not die, and suffered only minor injuries:
           | https://abc7.com/post/california-teamsters-call-
           | suspension-w...
           | 
           | Under the same circumstances (kid suddenly emerging between
           | two parked cars and running out onto the street), it could be
           | debated that the outcome could have been worse if a human
           | were driving.
        
           | dan-g wrote:
           | It's awful a child was hit, but they only suffered minor
           | injuries [1]. Nowhere in your linked article does it say they
           | were killed.
           | 
           | [1] https://people.com/waymo-car-hits-child-walking-to-
           | school-du...
        
           | nurettin wrote:
           | I don't know about the remote driver conspiracy, but waymo
           | slowing down and that kid surviving a crash after jumping on
           | the road from behind a tall vehicle was the best PR waymo
           | could have asked for.
        
         | xnx wrote:
         | It's easier to build trust for such a safety-critical service
         | when you're more open about how it works an performs. For the
         | complete opposite approach, see Tesla.
        
         | FuckButtons wrote:
         | Given the announcement from a few days ago of google trying to
         | get external investment, this is their follow up, showing what
         | that investment is good for. Also, it's pretty light on details
         | that are of much use to competitors. "We made an accurate
         | simulation system to test our system in before deployment"
         | would be pretty mundane if you were talking about any other
         | field of engineering.
        
       | caycep wrote:
       | All this work is impressive, but I'd rather have better trains
        
         | chufucious wrote:
         | Me too but given our extensive car brain culture, Waymo is an
         | amazing step to getting less drivers & cars off the road, and
         | to further cement future generations not ever needing to drive
         | or own cars
        
         | xnx wrote:
         | Isn't a vehicle that goes from anywhere to anywhere on your own
         | schedule, safely, privately, cleanly, and without billions in
         | subsidies better?
        
           | anigbrowl wrote:
           | I don't think individual vehicles can ever achieve the same
           | envirnmental economies of scale as trains. Certainly they're
           | far more convenient (especially for short-haul journeys) but
           | I also think they're somewhat alienating, in that they're
           | engineering humans out of the loop completely which
           | contributes to social atomization.
        
             | xnx wrote:
             | > I don't think individual vehicles can ever achieve the
             | same envirnmental economies of scale as trains.
             | 
             | I think you'd be surprised. Look at the difference in cost
             | per passenger mile.
        
               | Mawr wrote:
               | I'm looking. Comes out unfavorably to cars. Obviously.
               | 
               | I guess you're comparing the total cost of trains vs a
               | subset of costs of cars, as is usual. Road use and
               | pollution are free externalities after all.
        
           | kidk wrote:
           | Billions of subsidies? Im confused you talking about cars or
           | trains.
        
             | xnx wrote:
             | No major US public transportation system is fully paid for
             | by riders.
        
               | JimmyBuckets wrote:
               | That includes cars on public roads.
        
               | semiquaver wrote:
               | Yep. https://www.transitwiki.org/TransitWiki/index.php/Fa
               | rebox_Re... is a sobering reminder that many cities'
               | public transportation would cost $20-50 per trip if paid
               | entirely by riders and thus could not exist without
               | subsidy.
        
               | caycep wrote:
               | NYC congestion pricing seems to be working quite well
               | though, and probably helps offset MTA costs.
        
               | xnx wrote:
               | NYC "congestion" pricing (actually cordon pricing) is a
               | good idea. Would be great to see more road use fees
               | proportional to use (distance, weight^3, etc.).
        
               | cleaning wrote:
               | Neither is any private transportation system?
        
               | epsylon wrote:
               | Public transportation is the backbone of a functioning
               | economy. It doesn't need to be fully paid by riders
               | precisely because the rest of society benefits from it
               | multiple times over.
        
           | g947o wrote:
           | Not necessarily, and your premise is incorrect.
        
           | appreciatorBus wrote:
           | Trains only require subsidies in a world where human & robot
           | cars are subsidized.
           | 
           | As soon as a mode of transport actually has to compete in a
           | market for scarce & valuable land to operate on, trains and
           | other forms of transit (publicly or privately owned) win
           | every time.
        
           | kentiko wrote:
           | Cars don't work in dense places.
        
             | IshKebab wrote:
             | Sure but most of the world has a density low enough that
             | cars work and trains don't really. I like trains as much as
             | the next nerd, but you're never going to be able to take a
             | train from your house to your local farm shop or whatever.
             | 
             | Where trains work they are great. Where they don't,
             | driverless electric cars seem like a great option.
        
               | epsylon wrote:
               | Most of the world's population lives in places where
               | trains and public transit works far better than cars.
               | Density doesn't move around, people do.
        
               | kube-system wrote:
               | I don't believe the data supports that claim.
               | 
               | https://csh.ac.at/news/over-half-of-global-commutes-are-
               | by-c...
        
           | Hikikomori wrote:
           | >without billions in subsidies
           | 
           | Is there a magic road wand?
        
             | xnx wrote:
             | No, but roads are paid for by road users (i.e. everyone).
        
               | 47282847 wrote:
               | Huh? Last I looked, roads are paid for by the general
               | public, not (car) road users?
        
               | generalenvelope wrote:
               | AFAICT, the majority (60%) of funding for roads doesn't
               | come from direct user charges...
               | 
               | Roads are subsidized, free parking (and generally a lot
               | of paid parking) is subsidized, and the sprawl encouraged
               | by car dependence combined with the resulting
               | infrastructure costs has and will continue to bankrupt
               | cities.
               | 
               | I don't think we should "just only have trains", but the
               | current US transit landscape is absurdly stupid and
               | inefficient.
        
               | kube-system wrote:
               | Yeah I think the single biggest red flag that the US
               | absolutely could support more public transit is the fact
               | that many cities _successfully had_ more public transit
               | in the past.
        
               | fragmede wrote:
               | Who pays for the war in Iraq?
        
               | Hikikomori wrote:
               | So its subsidized? I thought that was the problem.
        
           | takethebus wrote:
           | >cleanly >without subsidies
           | 
           | Source? The biggest source of environmental issues from EVs,
           | tire wear from a heavier vehicle, absolutely applies to AVs.
           | VC subsidizing low prices only to hike them later isn't
           | exactly "without subsidy" - we pay for it either way
        
           | sznio wrote:
           | better for the person vs better for the people
           | 
           | sure, a private vehicle is better for me, but a train is
           | better for the world
        
         | andoando wrote:
         | Ski lifts man, ski lifts all over the city
        
           | underdeserver wrote:
           | What a glorious utopia we could have
        
           | bryan_w wrote:
           | > Ski lifts man, ski lifts all over the city
           | 
           | Don't they have those somewhere in South America?
        
             | mkl wrote:
             | Quite a few places. Cable propelled transit (CPT) is the
             | term to search for.
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gondola_lift#Urban_transport
        
         | scoofy wrote:
         | As someone who lives in the Bay Area we already have trains,
         | and they're literally past the point of bankruptcy because they
         | (1) don't actually charge enough maintain the variable cost of
         | operations, (2) don't actually make people pay at all, and (3)
         | don't actually enforce any quality of life concerns short of
         | breaking up literal fights. All of this creates negative
         | synergies that pushes a huge, mostly silent segment of the
         | potential ridership away from these systems.
         | 
         | So many people advocate for public transit, but are unwilling
         | to deal with the current market tradeoffs and decisions people
         | are making on the ground. As long as that keeps happening,
         | expect modes of transit -- _like Waymo_ -- that deliver the
         | level of service that they promise to keep exceeding
         | expectations.
         | 
         | I've spent my entire adult life advocating for transportation
         | alternatives, and at every turn in America, the vast majority
         | of other transit advocates just expect people to be okay with
         | anti-social behavior going completely unenforced, and expecting
         | "good citizens" to keep paying when the expected value for any
         | rational person is to engage in freeloading. Then they point to
         | "enforcing the fare box" as a tradeoff between money to collect
         | vs cost of enforcement, when the actually tradeoff is the
         | signalling to every anti-social actor in the system that they
         | can do whatever they want without any consequences.
         | 
         | I currently only see a future in bike-share, because it's the
         | only system that actually delivers on what it promises.
        
           | caycep wrote:
           | Well then invest in those things, then. It would probably
           | cost less than the amount they're spending to make a Waymo
           | World Model.
        
             | scoofy wrote:
             | Lighting money on fire by funding an extremely expensive
             | system that _most people don 't want to use_ is not an
             | "investment." It's just a good way to make everyone much
             | poorer and worse off than if we'd done nothing. The only
             | way to change things is to convince the electorate that we
             | actually do need rules and enforcement and _a sustainable
             | transportation system_.
             | 
             | This isn't just happening in America. Train systems are in
             | rough shape in the UK and Germany too.
             | 
             | Ebike shares are a much more sustainable system with a much
             | lower cost, and achieve about 90% of the level of service
             | in temperate regions of the country. Even the ski-lift guy
             | in this thread has a much more reasonable approach to
             | public transit, because they actually have extremely low
             | cost for the level of service they provide. Their only real
             | shortcoming is they they don't handle peak demand well, and
             | are not flexible enough to handle their own success.
        
               | caycep wrote:
               | People want to use it everywhere in the world
        
               | scoofy wrote:
               | People _want_ to have their cake and eat it too.
        
               | GoatInGrey wrote:
               | > most people don't want to use
               | 
               | I'm not sure if this was intended or not, but this is a
               | common NIMBY refrain. The argument of "This thing being
               | advocated for that I'm fighting against isn't something
               | people want anyway". And like walkable neighborhood
               | architecture, extremely few Americans have access to
               | light rail. Let alone light rail that doesn't have to
               | yield to car traffic.
               | 
               | Regardless, the cost arguments fall apart once you take
               | the _total_ cost society pays for each system instead of
               | only what the government pays. Because when you get the
               | sum of road construction  & maintenance, car acquisition,
               | car maintenance, insurance, and parking, it dwarfs the
               | cost of the local transit system. Break it down on a per-
               | consumer basis and it gets even uglier. New York City is
               | a good example to dive into, especially since it's the
               | typical punching bag for "out-of-control" budgets.
               | 
               | Quick napkin math pins the annual MTA cost at $32-$33
               | billion and the total cost of the car system between $25
               | and $44 billion per year. Since the former serves
               | somewhere around 5.5 million riders, and the latter only
               | about 2 million, the MTA costs $5,300-6,600 per user
               | annually where the car system costs $12,000-$22,500 per
               | user annually.
        
               | scoofy wrote:
               | You seem to be misunderstanding my point. _I am a transit
               | alternatives advocate, and have been my entire adult
               | life._
               | 
               | I'm NOT saying "people don't want to ride trains."
               | 
               | I AM saying "people don't want ride trains that allow 5%
               | of the riders to smoke cigarettes on enclosed train
               | platforms and in enclosed train cars."
               | 
               | You might says "what? but that's not happening."
               | 
               | In Chicago, yes it is: https://resphealth.org/snuff-out-
               | smoking-on-cta/
               | 
               | People want transit _as long as that transit reasonably
               | meets their quality of life standards_. The reason why
               | automobiles have been so popular -- _even while being
               | wildly more expensive_ -- is exactly that they allow the
               | user to adjust their travel to their optimal quality of
               | life expectations.
               | 
               | Public transit advocates need to be honest with
               | themselves _that anti-social behavioral issues really
               | matter to people._ People _are willing to pay more_ to
               | have a more pleasant experience. When a transit system
               | fails to meet that standard, then you 'll suddenly find
               | yourself with a transit system _that people don 't want
               | to use._
        
               | lonjil wrote:
               | > I AM saying "people don't want ride trains that allow
               | 5% of the riders to smoke cigarettes on enclosed train
               | platforms and in enclosed train cars."
               | 
               | Just don't allow that then?
               | 
               | > Public transit advocates need to be honest with
               | themselves that anti-social behavioral issues really
               | matter to people. People are willing to pay more to have
               | a more pleasant experience. When a transit system fails
               | to meet that standard, then you'll suddenly find yourself
               | with a transit system that people don't want to use.
               | 
               | "we can't have good transit because a few people who call
               | themselves transit advocates have bad opinions" is very
               | defeatist. Weak-spined politicians find it much easier to
               | just set money on fire than actually solving problems, so
               | even though most transit advocacy groups in the US
               | emphasize quality and being less wasteful with budgets,
               | your politicians usually prefer the worse options.
        
               | scoofy wrote:
               | >> I AM saying "people don't want ride trains that allow
               | 5% of the riders to smoke cigarettes on enclosed train
               | platforms and in enclosed train cars."
               | 
               | >Just don't allow that then?
               | 
               | >"we can't have good transit because a few people who
               | call themselves transit advocates have bad opinions" is
               | very defeatist.
               | 
               | My point here is only that this is a _hard_ problem, not
               | a trivial one. When the transit advocates in my area just
               | say  "transit should be free" in response to "transit
               | pricing is a complex problem that affects system
               | fragility" and they say "stop hating homeless people" in
               | response to "quality of life concerns matter to keeping
               | the system functional long term" then we're in bad place,
               | because the non-transit advocates _literally want to get
               | rid of the system._ The last _TWO_ Muni funding bills in
               | SF failed.
               | 
               | We've built a system that can fail catastrophically, in
               | large part, because transit advocates don't want to deal
               | with the realities of running a functional transit
               | system. This is why I get grumpy when people say "all
               | this work is impressive, but I'd rather have better
               | trains" when it's very clear _why_ Waymo is succeeding as
               | Muni is failing, but it is exactly because Muni is mostly
               | disconnected from market forces that we 've got to this
               | place, and the "solution" being proposed by most transit
               | advocates is to just _completely remove all market
               | forces_ which will very obviously be worse is the long
               | run.
        
               | madeofpalk wrote:
               | By various definitions of _most people_ , most people
               | _do_ want to use public transit.
               | 
               | It's just that Cars have rotted the American mind so much
               | that to consider anything else is sacrilege.
        
           | doctoboggan wrote:
           | > they (1) don't actually charge enough maintain the variable
           | cost of operations
           | 
           | Why do you expect them to make money? Roads don't make money
           | and no one thinks to complain about that. One of the purposes
           | of government is to make investment in things that have more
           | nebulous returns. Moving more people to public transit makes
           | better cities, healthier and happier citizens, stronger
           | communities, and lets us save money on road infrastructure.
        
             | scoofy wrote:
             | >Why do you expect them to make money?
             | 
             | I don't.
             | 
             | That's why I said "variable cost of operations."
             | 
             | If a system doesn't generate enough revenue to cover the
             | variable costs of operation, then _every single new
             | passenger_ drives the system closer to bankruptcy. The more
             | "successful" the system is -- the more people _depend_ on
             | it -- the _more likely it is to fail_ if anything happens
             | to the underlying funding source, like a regular old local
             | recession. This simple policy decision can create a
             | downward economic spiral when a recession leads to service
             | cuts, which leads to people unable to get to work reliably,
             | which creates more economic pain, which leads to a bigger
             | recession... rinse /repeat. This is why a public transit
             | system should cover _variable costs_ so that a successful
             | system can grow -- _and shrink_ -- sustainably.
             | 
             | When you aren't growing sustainably, you open yourself up
             | to the whims of the business cycle literally destroying
             | your transit system. It's literally happening right now
             | with SF MUNI, where we've had so many funding problems,
             | that they've consolidated bus lines. I use the 38R, and
             | it's become extremely busy. These busses are getting so
             | packed that people don't want to use them, but the point is
             | _they can 't expand service because each expansion loses
             | them more money_, again, because the system doesn't
             | actually cover those variable costs.
             | 
             | The public should be 100% completely covering the _fixed_
             | capital costs of the system. Ideally, while there is a bit
             | of wiggle room, the ridership should be 100% be covering
             | the _variable_ capital costs. That way the system can
             | expand when it 's successful, and contract when it's less
             | popular. Right now in the Bay Area, you have the worst of
             | both worlds, you have an _underutilized_ system with
             | absolutely _spiraling_ costs, simply because there is zero
             | connection between  "people actually wanting to use the
             | system" and "where the money comes from."
        
             | fragmede wrote:
             | > Roads don't make money and no one thinks to complain
             | about that.
             | 
             | Between toll roads, and the toll lanes, they do?
        
               | stevula wrote:
               | If they paid for themselves then the DoT wouldn't have a
               | multibillion dollar highway budget, and that's not even
               | including all the state funding.
        
               | porridgeraisin wrote:
               | That is for Capex. Govt can always easily spend Capex,
               | but Opex has to be covered by the users, whether its
               | roads or trains.
        
               | fragmede wrote:
               | The claim wasn't they pay for themselves but that they
               | don't generate any income. If we want to look at
               | externalities, we'd also have to figure out how much the
               | Iraq war cost.
        
             | nunez wrote:
             | They do through taxes or tolls!
        
               | ragazzina wrote:
               | "The U.S. generates approximately $17.4 billion in annual
               | toll revenue".
               | 
               | "The total annual cost for road maintenance in the U.S.
               | is in the hundreds of billions of dollars, with estimates
               | showing over $200 billion spent yearly".
        
           | caycep wrote:
           | Maybe not BART but the new Caltrain electrification program
           | seems to be a success and ridership and revenue are up
        
             | scoofy wrote:
             | https://www.yahoo.com/news/articles/caltrain-says-could-
             | clos...
        
           | martinald wrote:
           | You're definitely right on (2) and (3). I've used many
           | transit systems across the world (including TransMilenio in
           | Bogota and other latam countries "renowned" for crime) and I
           | have never felt as unsafe as I have using transit in the
           | SFBA. Even standing at bus stops draws a lot of attention
           | from people suffering with serious addiction/mental health
           | problems.
           | 
           | 1) is a bit simplistic though. I don't know of any European
           | system that would cover even operating costs out of
           | fare/commercial revenue. Potentially the London Underground -
           | but not London buses. UK National Rail had higher success
           | rates
           | 
           | The better way to look at it imo is looking at the economic
           | loss as well of congestion/abandoned commutes. To do a
           | ridiculous hypothetical, London would collapse entirely if it
           | didn't have transit. Perhaps 30-40% of inner london could
           | commute by car (or walk/bike), so the economic benefit of
           | that variable transit cost is in the hundreds of billions a
           | year (compared to a small subsidy).
           | 
           | It's not the same in SFBA so I guess it's far easier to just
           | "write off" transit like that, it is theoretically possible
           | (though you'd probably get some quite extreme additional
           | congestion on the freeways as even that small % moving to
           | cars would have an outsized impact on additional congestion).
        
             | scoofy wrote:
             | >The better way to look at it imo is looking at the
             | economic loss as well of congestion/abandoned commutes. To
             | do a ridiculous hypothetical, London would collapse
             | entirely if it didn't have transit.
             | 
             | You're making my argument for me. Again, my concern isn't
             | the day-to-day conveniences of funding, my point is that
             | building a fragile system (a system where the funding is
             | unrelated to the usability of the service) is a system that
             | can fail catastrophically... for systems where there are
             | obviously alternatives (say, National Rail which can be
             | substituted for automobile, bus, and airplane service) are
             | less to worry about, because their failure will likely not
             | cause cascading failures. When an entire local economy is
             | dependent on that system -- when there are not viable
             | substitutes -- then you're really looking at a sudden
             | economic collapse if the funding source runs dry, or if the
             | system is ever mismanaged.
             | 
             | This is a big deal. When funding _really actually does run
             | out_ and the system fails, then if the result is an
             | economic cascade into a full blown depression, then you
             | would have been much better off just building the robust
             | system in the long term. I just really don 't think people
             | appreciate how systems can just fail. Whether it's Detroit
             | or Caracas, when the economic tides turn in a fragile
             | system people can lose everything in a matter of a few
             | years.
        
               | martinald wrote:
               | But my point is that noone has a robust system according
               | to you in Europe at least - the bar is so high to cover
               | all operating costs with fares (or is that your point -
               | if so I'm lost - I definitely would not recommend
               | replacing European transit networks with nothing?).
               | 
               | And National Rail isn't replaceable at all with
               | bus/cars/planes. You really underestimate the number of
               | people which commute >1hr into London (100km+). There is
               | just no way to do that journey by car or bus. It would
               | turn a ~1hr commute into a 3hr _each way_ and that's not
               | even considering the complete lack of parking OR the fact
               | suddenly the roads would be at (even more) gridlock with
               | many multiples of commuters.
               | 
               | That's not even getting into what you consider fixed vs
               | variable costs. Are the trains themselves a fixed cost
               | (they should last 30-40 years)? Is track maintenance a
               | fixed cost (this has to be done more often than the
               | trains themselves), etc etc. The 2nd point is very
               | important - a lot of rail operators in the UK can be made
               | profitable or not on your metric by how much the
               | government subsidises track maintenance vs the operators
               | paying for it in track access charges.
               | 
               | Equally, are signalling upgrades (for example) fixed
               | costs? But really they are only required to run more
               | frequent services. So you could argue they are a variable
               | cost?
        
               | scoofy wrote:
               | >Are the trains themselves a fixed cost (they should last
               | 30-40 years)?
               | 
               | Yes
               | 
               | >Is track maintenance a fixed cost (this has to be done
               | more often than the trains themselves)
               | 
               | Yes
               | 
               | >Equally, are signalling upgrades (for example) fixed
               | costs?
               | 
               | Yes
               | 
               | Fixed costs are the costs that don't go away when the
               | passengers go away. Variable cost, typically labor, go
               | away when you don't actually need that additional
               | marginal train. You still have to amortize that train
               | even if it's not on the tracks. You still need to _buy_
               | that marginal train when the service levels require it.
               | You still have to do track maintenance even when you 're
               | not running trains (though, yes, at the very margin there
               | could be some small rate adjustments). When you want to
               | upgrade the signals, it's basically the definition of a
               | fixed cost, because you do it once and it's done.
               | 
               | >And National Rail isn't replaceable at all with
               | bus/cars/planes. You really underestimate the number of
               | people which commute >1hr into London (100km+). There is
               | just no way to do that journey by car or bus. It would
               | turn a ~1hr commute into a 3hr _each way_ and that's not
               | even considering the complete lack of parking OR the fact
               | suddenly the roads would be at (even more) gridlock with
               | many multiples of commuters.
               | 
               | I don't want to speak to National Rail or British Rail
               | that preceded it. I want to stick to the transit system
               | that I know well.
               | 
               | My point here isn't that money shouldn't be spent on
               | "getting things back in shape" here is where I waffle on
               | the "pay for fixed capital costs and _mostly_ have the
               | marginal variable costs covered by the marginal rider. "
               | If a system needs the occasional cash infusion, I'm fine
               | with that, as long as it comes with new leadership.
               | 
               | My concern here is that, in the Bay Area, many, many
               | people are eager to pay $25 for a Waymo to pick them up
               | (they are _NOT_ cheap) while Muni costs $3 (a near 10x
               | increase in cost). When folks are willing to pay that
               | much of a premium, then something is very wrong with the
               | transit system. Muni has had zero enforcement of their
               | code of conduct for _decades_. When you have a system
               | that are large section of the populous _actively avoid_
               | when it 's perfectly convenient, then something is very
               | wrong with the system.
               | 
               | When I see BART stations that look like abandoned parking
               | lots surrounded by single family home sprawl, then it
               | doesn't surprise me that the system is not sustainable.
               | The stations that may get removed are all in areas that
               | require people to drive, to then take the train, instead
               | of the cities zoning density and retail around the train
               | stations. When I yell at the occasional people smoking in
               | BART stations and I go to tell the station attendant and
               | get a shrug back -- even when we are paying for them to
               | have their own police force -- that's why they are
               | failing. These are political choices that BART has made
               | in how they operate their service
               | 
               | These systems aren't even doing the bare minimum in
               | providing a reliable pleasant service, so people stop
               | using them, and that makes sense. The entire point is
               | that these services should be relatively inexpensive to
               | operate because of economies of scale, but when you don't
               | actually make people pay, when you don't actually ask
               | people to behave like responsible adults, when your
               | running the service like a failing business then we
               | should expect the service to fail, and when it does, when
               | bailouts are needed, they should (and often do) come with
               | strings attached. BART now has gates that stop most
               | turnstile jumping... _and they were forced to be
               | installed by the state of California as part of their
               | second bailout._ The reason I 'm harping on having
               | variable costs attached to ridership is exactly because
               | _the systems needs to be forced to respond_ when a
               | sizable amount of people no longer find the service
               | valuable.
               | 
               | This is about sustainability, because the marginal tax
               | dollar is better spend on something like providing people
               | with the healthcare they need than it is providing people
               | a bus service they're not even willing to actually use.
        
           | joshuamorton wrote:
           | It's worth noting that, at least for bart, the reason that it
           | is facing bankruptcy is precisely because it was mostly rider
           | supported and profitable, and not government supported.
           | 
           | When ridership plummeted by >50% during the pandemic, fixed
           | costs stayed the same, but income dropped. Last time I
           | checked, if Bart ridership returned to 2019 levels, with no
           | other changes, it would be profitable again.
        
             | scoofy wrote:
             | You can't say that BART "is facing bankruptcy is precisely
             | because it was mostly rider supported and profitable, and
             | not government supported" when it is _very obvious_ that
             | BART would be _in a much worse situation_ if it had had
             | more government support... because all those governments
             | are facing massive budget deficits right now.
             | 
             | BART has already been bailed out by the state, _twice_. It
             | has _already_ failed, twice. It very much _needs to reduce_
             | the level service it provides if it wants to be
             | sustainable, or seek other forms of revenues while we wait
             | to see if ridership returns. Many have suggested BART
             | explore the SE Asian model of generating revenues by
             | developing residential housing, which seems fairly
             | straightforward.
             | 
             | If ridership never returns, then we ought not continue
             | throwing good money after bad, and we ought to adjust the
             | level of service to meet the level of revenues. Obviously
             | the main problem here is that it's _literally illegal_ to
             | just build high density corridors directly adjacent to the
             | transit stations... which is what we ultimately need to
             | prioritize.
        
               | takethebus wrote:
               | The government facing a budget deficit doesn't mean BART
               | would be worse off with more subsidies.
        
               | scoofy wrote:
               | Where does the extra money come from in a deficit period?
               | 
               | > BART, Muni, Caltrain, AC Transit -- which an
               | independent analysis confirmed face annual deficits of
               | more than $800 million annually starting in fiscal year
               | 2027-28
               | 
               | https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/california/2026/01/06
               | /ba...
               | 
               | Nearly a billion dollar shortfall _per year_ going
               | forward. That's nontrivial, and the state has lost
               | patience with the systems after providing two bailouts
               | already.
        
               | takethebus wrote:
               | Taxes? The same place tons of other stuff we buy as a
               | society comes from. I expect the ballot measure this fall
               | will pass, worst case they file bankruptcy and will
               | probably need to reduce service
        
               | scoofy wrote:
               | I mean, sure? I'd prefer to have a system that has a
               | system built in that raises and lowers the level of
               | service in accordance with the number of people using the
               | system rather than having to have random elections that
               | decide whether or not we're going to effectively scrape a
               | large parts of the system.
        
               | joshuamorton wrote:
               | I think there's two important things here:
               | 
               | 1. You want to be forward looking, not backwards looking.
               | Cutting services means less ridership means less revenue
               | means cutting services means...etc. Bart is super useful
               | for me during the week because headways from SF to West
               | Oakland are often 5m. As I'm writing this (11 on a
               | Friday) I missed a train and had to wait 20 minutes.
               | Every seat on the car is also full, and while not packed,
               | it's standing room only. If my choice is to wait 20 mins
               | for the next train, other ways of getting places become a
               | lot more appealing.
               | 
               | 2. Government services should be good. This is good both
               | because it makes people interested in using them (see 1)
               | and because people who don't have other options deserve
               | good services. The point of government is, at least in
               | part, to serve those who can't serve themselves. I don't
               | expect Bart to be revenue neutral for the same reason I
               | don't expect CalFRESH to be.
        
               | scoofy wrote:
               | > Cutting services means less ridership means less
               | revenue means cutting services means...etc.
               | 
               | That's not true. If you have stations that are revenue
               | positive and stations that are net negative, then cutting
               | ridership at the net-negative stations can put the system
               | in a much better financial position. E.g. If BART didn't
               | end at Antioch, and instead continued to Rio Vista, it's
               | entirely likely that the Rio Vista station would just
               | cost more to operate than is worth operating. It takes
               | time to go back and forth, nobody will ever want to be
               | picked up there because it's car-dependent sprawl. Maybe
               | have one or two stops there during rush hour, but you'll
               | likely be better financially cutting most service.
               | 
               | >headways from SF to West Oakland are often 5m
               | 
               | Nobody is suggesting cutting service between SF and
               | Oakland. I'm sure it's a wildly profitable route.
               | Crossing the bay is the main benefit of BART.
               | 
               | >The point of government is, at least in part, to serve
               | those who can't serve themselves. I don't expect Bart to
               | be revenue neutral for the same reason I don't expect
               | CalFRESH to be.
               | 
               | I _also_ don 't expect BART to be revenue neutral. I
               | expect it to be funded -- in very large part -- by taxes.
               | I'm only arguing it should be _sustainable_. It shouldn
               | 't get to the point of _literal collapse_ during economic
               | downturns (again, it 's already been bailed out by the
               | state and feds, _twice_ , in the last six years).
               | 
               | I really don't think people realize what I'm getting at.
               | I'm saying the system _needs to be functional_ and needs
               | to function long term. Yes, I think we should subsidize
               | low-income users. Yes, I think people who can 't afford
               | it should still be able to use it. But that has to happen
               | in a way that doesn't drive away significant numbers of
               | other users. There's nothing about being low-income that
               | means anti-social. I'm talking about anti-social
               | behavior. I'm talking about people smoking cigarettes and
               | using drugs on BART platforms and in BART cars. I'm
               | talking about people who are actively bothering
               | significant numbers of people around them by their
               | behavior -- behavior that is against BART policy, but is
               | tolerated.
               | 
               | You can't sit here and tell me the current system is
               | working when BART is perpetually collapsing. I care about
               | BART. That's why I'm articulating the systemic problems
               | in the system.
        
               | joshuamorton wrote:
               | > You can't say that BART "is facing bankruptcy is
               | precisely because it was mostly rider supported and
               | profitable, and not government supported" when it is very
               | obvious that BART would be in a much worse situation if
               | it had had more government support... because all those
               | governments are facing massive budget deficits right now.
               | 
               | I don't think this follows. Government budgeting isn't
               | zero based. A hypothetical Bart with 2x the government
               | funding in 2019 would have faced cutbacks, but likely has
               | more money today than what we have now!
               | 
               | > or seek other forms of revenues while we wait to see if
               | ridership returns.
               | 
               | Yes, this is called "taxes".
               | 
               | > If ridership never returns, then we ought not continue
               | throwing good money after bad
               | 
               | Agreed if it was stagnant, but ridership is up more than
               | 10% y/y and that was also true last year. It's on track
               | to be revenue neutral again in a few years. Gutting
               | services today would be exactly opposite of what you'd do
               | for something like a startup showing clear path toward
               | profitability.
               | 
               | > Obviously the main problem here is that it's literally
               | illegal to just build high density corridors directly
               | adjacent to the transit stations... which is what we
               | ultimately need to prioritize
               | 
               | While sure it's hard, there's lots of these that exist.
               | There's new stuff in oakland basically constantly, and
               | were even seeing midrise stuff along Bart in SF, but it's
               | units being built now, so they won't be available until
               | 2027, which is when your proposed service cuts would hit.
        
               | scoofy wrote:
               | >Government budgeting isn't zero based. A hypothetical
               | Bart with 2x the government funding in 2019 would have
               | faced cutbacks, but likely has more money today than what
               | we have now!
               | 
               | A hypothetical BART with 2x the government funding
               | wouldn't have existed... because _it didn 't exist_.
               | 
               | >Agreed if it was stagnant, but ridership is up more than
               | 10% y/y and that was also true last year. It's on track
               | to be revenue neutral again in a few years. Gutting
               | services today would be exactly opposite of what you'd do
               | for something like a startup showing clear path toward
               | profitability.
               | 
               | You're mistaking what I'm saying. I want BART to
               | flourish, but I want it to be sustainable. The choice
               | isn't "keep it open" or "close it." How it is operated
               | matters significantly. I'm _very obviously_ going to vote
               | to increase funding, my point is that _it shouldn 't have
               | to come to a vote_. If service is reduced to a more
               | sustainable rate, the system could recover organically.
               | The revenue jump that has happened at stations
               | immediately after the gates were installed, for example,
               | shouldn't surprise anyone. I'm a transit advocate, BART
               | is mostly irrelevant to this discussion anyway, because
               | we're talking about situations where Waymo is a viable
               | alternative, which really doesn't apply to BART.
        
           | takethebus wrote:
           | Very few transit agencies have fares that cover services. I
           | know others said this, but I wanted to add my take as well
        
             | scoofy wrote:
             | I'm not advocating that they do. Fixed costs should be
             | fully subsidized. I'm only advocating that revenues are set
             | so that during a median year, each additional rider on
             | average, provides income that is proportional to the level
             | of service needed to move that rider through the system.
        
           | jsrozner wrote:
           | over the long term, this is solved with a wealth tax, but
           | undoing what rich ppl have done to society (i.e. making lots
           | of poor people) will unfortunately take many, many years; so
           | many years that it will never actually happen
        
             | scoofy wrote:
             | My entire point is mostly not even about the money. It's
             | about the system having to respond as a service to the fact
             | that people _don 't want to use that service_ and are
             | willing to pay a _huge_ premium for alternatives like
             | Waymo.
        
           | nunez wrote:
           | As a fellow public transit fan, you're on the money. Even the
           | shining stars of transit in the US --- NYC MTA subway and CTA
           | --- have huge qualuty of life issues. I can't fault someone
           | for not wanting to ride trains ever again when someone who
           | hasn't showered in 41 years pulls up with a cart full of
           | whatever the fuck and decides to squat the corner seat
           | closest to the car door and be a living biological weapon
           | during rush hour. Or "showtime."
           | 
           | That's before you consider how it takes 2-4x as long to get
           | somewhere by public transit outside of peak hours and/or
           | well-covered areas. A 20 minute trip from a bar in Queens to
           | Brooklyn by car takes an hour by train after 2300, not
           | including walking time. I made that trip many, many times,
           | and hated it each time.
        
             | magguzu wrote:
             | Is that a public transit problem or a societal/homelessness
             | problem?
        
           | direwolf20 wrote:
           | Trains work in every city in Europe and Asia.
        
         | servo_sausage wrote:
         | Trains need well behaved people, otherwise they are shit.
         | 
         | I don't want to hear tiktok or full volume soap operas blasting
         | at some deaf mouth breather.
         | 
         | I don't want to be near loud chewing of smelly leftovers.
         | 
         | I don't want to be begged for money, or interact with high or
         | psychotic people.
         | 
         | The current culture doesn't allow enforcement of social
         | behaviour: so public transport will always be a miserable
         | containment vessel for the least functional, and everyone with
         | sense avoids the whole thing.
        
           | neysofu wrote:
           | > some deaf mouth breather
           | 
           | I quite agree with the overall point but can we leave this
           | kind of discourse on X, please? It doesn't add much, it just
           | feels caustic for effect and engagement farming.
        
           | raincole wrote:
           | Roads (cars) need well behave people too. The only way cars
           | filter some of the out is by the price.
        
             | servo_sausage wrote:
             | Price helps a whole lot, I think more than you give it
             | credit for. Driving is also an active thing, this also
             | helps.
             | 
             | We also police driving behaviour, in a way that nobody does
             | for public behaviour.
             | 
             | And no matter what I don't have to hear or smell other
             | drivers.
        
             | scoofy wrote:
             | The vast majority of the anti-social behavior on public
             | transit not relevant in automobiles because (1) you can't
             | turnstile jump the gas tank, (2) an automobile is
             | effectively very expensive set of headphones, and (3) you
             | can inhale whatever you want in your vehicle and your
             | neighbor doesn't have to breath it.
             | 
             | Automobiles are a wildly inefficient and expensive form of
             | transportation in urban areas. At the same time, we ought
             | to be willing to ask why a significant amount of our urban
             | population still prefers to pay all that extra money to sit
             | in traffic.
        
               | kube-system wrote:
               | I think they have a point. But the anti-social behaviors
               | in a car on the road are mostly a different set of anti
               | social behaviors than you'd see on a bus or train. But
               | they certainly exist.
        
               | scoofy wrote:
               | Oh, no doubt that people can be anti-social on the road.
               | My only point is that anti-social behavior on the road is
               | different in kind.
        
           | digbybk wrote:
           | > everyone with sense avoids the whole thing
           | 
           | Or the majority of the residents of New York City on their
           | daily commute? I like to think I have sense, and I happily
           | use public transport most days. I prefer it to sitting in
           | traffic, isolated in a car. At least I can read a book. If
           | you work too hard to insulate yourself from the world, the
           | spaces you'll feel comfortable in will get more and more
           | narrow. I think that's a bad thing.
        
             | redox99 wrote:
             | NYC people uses it because the alternatives are either
             | slower or much more expensive. I'm sure they'd rather use a
             | waymo if it was as fast and cheap as the subway.
        
               | madeofpalk wrote:
               | I think the point is doubting whether it is ever possible
               | for Waymo to ever be as fast or cheap as public transport
               | in NYC.
        
             | servo_sausage wrote:
             | The cost of avoiding public transport in NYC is massive
             | compared to most cities...
             | 
             | Living there, without the means to avoid public transport
             | is something I would also consider insane.
        
         | joenot443 wrote:
         | I think future generations will resent us for bureaucratizing
         | our way out of the California HSR.
        
         | atleastoptimal wrote:
         | No matter what, people are going to still use cars because they
         | are an absolute advantage over public transportation for
         | certain use cases. It is better that the existing status quo is
         | improved to reduce death rates, than hope for a much larger
         | scale change in infrastructure (when we have already seen that
         | attempts at infrastructure overhaul in the US, like high-speed
         | rail, is just an infinitely deep money pit)
         | 
         | Even though the train system in Japan is 10x better than the US
         | as a whole, the per-capita vehicle ownership rate in Japan is
         | not much lower than the US (779 per 1000 vs 670 per 1000). It
         | would be a pipe dream for American trains/subways to be as good
         | as Japan, but even a change that significant would lead to a
         | vehicle ownership share reduced by only about 13%.
        
         | dyauspitr wrote:
         | Enough with the trains. I'm all for trains but theyre good for
         | in city or 1-3 hour journeys. Taking a train across the US
         | would take a day even with high speed trains.
         | 
         | I'd much rather have my own vehicle than share my space with a
         | bunch of people.
        
         | bsnnkv wrote:
         | Pretty much this. Wild that you can traverse most of China in
         | affordable high speed trains, yet the Amtrak from Seattle to
         | Portland barely crawls along and has to regularly stop for long
         | periods of time because the tracks get too hot in the Summer.
        
         | eddiekm wrote:
         | I'd rather be able to go wherever I want.
        
       | threethirtytwo wrote:
       | What if we put this mechanism of recording the world on people.
       | We have mics listening to people talking to us and noises we
       | hear.
       | 
       | Also we record body position actuation and self speech. As output
       | then we put this on thousands of people to get as much data as
       | Waymo gets.
       | 
       | I mean that's what we need to imitate agi right? I guess the only
       | thing missing is the memory mechanism. We train everything as if
       | it's an input and output function without accounting for memory.
        
       | anigbrowl wrote:
       | Seems relevant: Waymo exec admits remote operators in Philippines
       | help guide US Robotaxis
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=46918043
        
       | KeyBoardG wrote:
       | and I literally just saw the other headline "Waymo says its
       | robotaxis get help from remote workers in the Philippines"
        
       | cratermoon wrote:
       | Meanwhile. https://eletric-vehicles.com/waymo/waymo-exec-admits-
       | remote-...
        
       | yummypaint wrote:
       | _By leveraging Genie's immense world knowledge, it can simulate
       | exceedingly rare events--from a tornado to a casual encounter
       | with an elephant--that are almost impossible to capture at scale
       | in reality. The model's architecture offers high controllability,
       | allowing our engineers to modify simulations with simple language
       | prompts, driving inputs, and scene layouts. Notably, the Waymo
       | World Model generates high-fidelity, multi-sensor outputs that
       | include both camera and lidar data._
       | 
       | How do you know the generated outputs are correct? Especially for
       | unusual circumstances?
       | 
       | Say the scenario is a patch of road is densely covered with 5 mm
       | ball bearings. I'm sure the model will happily spit out numbers,
       | but are they reasonable? How do we know they are reasonable? Even
       | if the prediction is ok, how do we fundamentally know that the
       | prediction for 4 mm ball bearings won't be completely wrong?
       | 
       | There seems to be a lot of critical information missing.
        
         | aaaalone wrote:
         | They probably just look at the results of the generation.
         | 
         | I mean would I like a in-depth tour of this? Yes.
         | 
         | But it's a marketing blog article, what do you expect?
        
           | parliament32 wrote:
           | > just look at the results of the generation
           | 
           | And? The entire hallucination problem with text generators is
           | "plausible sounding yet incorrect", so how does a human
           | eyeballing it help at all?
        
             | inkysigma wrote:
             | I think because here there's no single correct answer that
             | the model is allowed to be fuzzier. You still mix in real
             | training data and maybe more physics based simulation of
             | course but it does seem acceptable that you synthesize
             | extremely tail evaluations since there isn't really a
             | "better" way by definition and you can evaluate the end
             | driving behavior after training.
             | 
             | You can also probably still use it for some kinds of
             | evaluation as well since you can detect if two point clouds
             | intersect presumably.
             | 
             | In much a similar way that LLMs are not perfect at
             | translation but are widely used anyway for NMT.
        
             | aaaalone wrote:
             | You should be able to see if it is generated wrong after
             | you see a car driving in it.
             | 
             | I can spot Halluzination in LLM too
        
         | fooker wrote:
         | > from a tornado to a casual encounter with an elephant
         | 
         | A sims style game with this technology will be pretty nice!
        
         | joshfee wrote:
         | Isn't that true for any scenario previously unencountered,
         | whether it is a digital simulation or a human? We can't
         | optimize for the best possible outcome in reality (since we
         | can't predict the future), but we can optimize for making the
         | best decisions given our knowledge of the world (even if it is
         | imperfect).
         | 
         | In other words it is a gradient from "my current prediction" to
         | "best prediction given my imperfect knowledge" to "best
         | prediction with perfect knowledge", and you can improve the
         | outcome by shrinking the gap between 1&2 or shrinking the gap
         | between 2&3 (or both)
        
         | ses1984 wrote:
         | You could train it in simulation and then test it in reality.
        
           | inkysigma wrote:
           | Would it actually be a good idea to operate a car near an
           | active tornado?
        
             | klysm wrote:
             | It's autonomous!
        
               | bharrison wrote:
               | The tornado?
        
               | gokuldas011011 wrote:
               | ML models doesn't have fight or flight, so we'll have to
               | show them tornado and teach to run away.
        
         | IMTDb wrote:
         | The idea is that, over time, the quality and accuracy of world-
         | model outputs will improve. That, in turn, lets autonomous
         | driving systems train on a large amount of "realistic enough"
         | synthetic data.
         | 
         | For example, we know from experience that Waymo is currently
         | good enough to drive in San Francisco. We don't yet trust it in
         | more complex environments like dense European cities or
         | Southeast Asian "hell roads." Running the stack against world
         | models can give a big head start in understanding what works,
         | and which situations are harder, without putting any humans in
         | harm's way.
         | 
         | We don't need perfect accuracy from the world model to get real
         | value. And, as usual, the more we use and validate these
         | models, the more we can improve them; creating a virtuous
         | cycle.
        
           | tantalor wrote:
           | It's a pareto principal.
           | 
           | You can get 80% of the way to "perfect" with 20% of the
           | effort.
        
             | dyauspitr wrote:
             | That's just a platitude at this point. They for all intents
             | and purposes solved the problem, atleast in the US.
        
         | jayd16 wrote:
         | I don't think you say "ok now the car is ball bearing proof."
         | 
         | Think of it more like unit tests. "In this synthetic scenario
         | does the car stop as expected, does it continue as expected."
         | You might hit some false negatives but there isn't a downside
         | to that.
         | 
         | If it turns out your model has a blind spot for albino cows in
         | a snow storm eating marshmallows, you might be able to catch
         | that synthetically and spend some extra effort to prevent it.
        
         | notatoad wrote:
         | seems like the obvious answer to that is you cover a patch of
         | road with 5mm ball bearings, and send a waymo to drive across
         | it. if the ball bearings behave the way the simulation says
         | they would, and the car behaves the way the simulation said it
         | would, then you've validated your simulation.
         | 
         | do that for enough different scenarios, and if the model is
         | consistently accurate across every scenario you validate, then
         | you can start believing that it will also be accurate for the
         | scenarios you haven't (and can't) validate.
        
         | hnburnsy wrote:
         | Looks like they need to blackouts and parades to that
         | simulator...
         | 
         | https://www.yahoo.com/news/articles/waymo-paralyzed-parade-b...
        
           | disillusioned wrote:
           | The blackouts circumstance was because they escalate
           | blinking/out of service traffic lights to a human confirmed
           | decision, and they experienced a bottleneck spike in those
           | requests for how little they were staffed. The Waymo itself
           | was fine and was prepared to make the correct decision, it
           | just needed a human in the loop.
           | 
           | In the video from the parade... there's just... people in the
           | road. Like, a lot of small children and actual people on this
           | tiny, super narrow bridge. I think that erring on the side of
           | "don't think you can make it but accidentally drag a small
           | child instead" is probably the right call, though admittedly,
           | these cases are a bit wonky.
        
             | sznio wrote:
             | >The blackouts circumstance was because they escalate
             | blinking/out of service traffic lights to a human confirmed
             | decision
             | 
             | Which isn't really a scalable solution. In my city the
             | majority of streetlights switch to blinking yellow at
             | night, with priority/yield signs instead. I can't imagine a
             | human having to approve 10 of these on any route.
        
         | YeGoblynQueenne wrote:
         | >> How do you know the generated outputs are correct?
         | Especially for unusual circumstances?
         | 
         | You know the outputs are correct because the models have many
         | billions of parameters and were trained on many years of video
         | on many hectares of server farms. Of course they'll generate
         | correct outputs!
         | 
         | I mean that's literally the justification. There aren't even
         | any benchmarks that you can beat with video generation, not
         | even any bollocks ones like for LLMs.
        
           | red75prime wrote:
           | I guess we first need to create a formal model for elephant
           | ear flapping, a goose psychosocioneural behavioral model, and
           | so on and so forth. It will take centuries, but, at least,
           | we'll be able to formally verify all those generated videos.
           | Or we can compute loss function for prediction/reality
           | discrepancy, backpropagate, and validate.
        
       | joshfee wrote:
       | It is great being able to generate a much larger universe of
       | possibilities than what they can gather from real world data
       | collection, but I'd be curious to learn how they check that the
       | generated data is a superset of the possibility-space seen in the
       | real world (e.g. confirm that their models closely match what is
       | seen in the real world too)
        
       | LightBug1 wrote:
       | Have been seeing Waymo test vehicles regularly around central
       | London recently, operating at speed.
       | 
       | For shits and giggles, I did stop randomly while crossing the
       | road and acted like a jerk.
       | 
       | The Waymo did, in fact, stop.
       | 
       | Kudos, Waymo
        
       | 0xTJ wrote:
       | Interesting, but I am very sceptical. I'd be interested in seeing
       | actual verified results of how it handles a road with heavy snow,
       | where the only lane references are the wheel tracks of other
       | vehicles, and you can't tell where the road ends and the snow-
       | filled ditch begins.
        
       | londons_explore wrote:
       | Do wayno models really use side cameras at only like 4 FPS?
        
       | SebastianSosa wrote:
       | Very concerned with this direction of training "counterfactual
       | events such as whether the Waymo Driver could have safely driven
       | more confidently instead of yielding in a particular situation."
       | Seems dicey. This could lead in the direction to a less safe
       | Waymo. Since the counterfactual will be generated, I suspect that
       | that the generations will be biased towards survivor situations
       | where most video footage in its training data will be from
       | environments where people reacted well not those that ended in
       | tragedy. Emboldening Waymo on generated best case data. THIS IS
       | DANGEROUS!!!
        
         | kevincox wrote:
         | Driving is always a balance between speed and safety. If you
         | want ultimate safety you just sit in the driveway. But
         | obviously that isn't useful. So functionally one of the most
         | important things a self-driving system will decide is "how fast
         | is it safe to drive right now". Slower is not always better and
         | it has to balance safety with productivity.
        
         | Mawr wrote:
         | Not entering a roundabout when it's clearly safe to do so is a
         | mark against you at a driving exam. So would be always driving
         | at 5mph. It's just not that simple.
        
         | ajcp wrote:
         | Not at all. It's not the counter-factual they're generating,
         | it's the "too rare to capture often enough to train a response
         | to" they're generating.
         | 
         | They're implying that without the model having knowledge, even
         | approximate, of a scene to react to, it simply doesn't react at
         | all; it simply "yields" to the situation until it passes. In my
         | experience taking Waymo's almost daily this holds.
         | 
         | I would rather not have the Waymo yield to a tornado, rising
         | flood-waters, or charging elephant...
        
       | b_brief wrote:
       | I would love to see more visibility into how this model's
       | simulation fidelity maps onto measurable safety improvements on
       | public roads, especially in unusual edge conditions like partial
       | sensor occlusion or atypical weather.
        
       | ex-aws-dude wrote:
       | I don't get how this solves the problem of edge cases with self
       | driving
       | 
       | Even if you can generate simulated training data, don't you still
       | have the problem where you don't even know what the edge cases
       | you need to simulate are in the first place?
        
         | sixo wrote:
         | Well it certainly helps,doesn't it? This system is going to
         | encounter more edge cases than a single human ever would.
         | Hopefully the lessons from known unknowns generqlise to
         | unknowns. And once they've been seen once they took can become
         | part of the corpus.
        
           | ex-aws-dude wrote:
           | Right but does this just rely on some human "brainstorming" a
           | bunch of edge cases?
           | 
           | It just strikes me as neverending edge case wack-a-mole
           | 
           | A human doesn't need to see tons of examples of tornados and
           | elephants to know to stop the car
           | 
           | Doesn't that indicate some fundamental difference between the
           | model and a human driver?
        
             | Mawr wrote:
             | Neither does the car -- it won't drive into what LIDAR sees
             | as a wall. But stopping is not good enough, it needs to be
             | able to navigate the obstacle as well.
             | 
             | Also, even if the car behaved perfectly anyway, these
             | scenarios are useful for testing -- validating that the
             | expected behavior happens.
        
             | sixo wrote:
             | It might be "never-ending", but you're going to encounter
             | edge cases in approximate proportion to the rate at which
             | they actually occur. Anyway, the hope would be to learn
             | behaviors which generalize, not to respond to each edge
             | case ad-hoc; the edge cases provide out-of-sample tests of
             | generalizability.
        
         | dyauspitr wrote:
         | I don't think coming up with novel situations is all that hard.
         | LLMs already do it in text form all the time.
        
           | ex-aws-dude wrote:
           | How big is the space of possible things a car can encounter?
           | 
           | It's practically infinite, your domain is 3D space and time
           | 
           | You can't just generate every possible scenario
           | 
           | That would be a combinatorially insane amount of data
        
       | tbmtbmtbmtbmtbm wrote:
       | so insane that this is the direction things are going, instead of
       | just reducing our reliance on cars
        
       | RivieraKid wrote:
       | The term "world model" seems almost meaningless. This is a world
       | model in the same sense as ChatGPT is a world model. Both have
       | some ability to model aspects of the real world.
        
       | andrewdb wrote:
       | So when will multiple Waymo cars communicate input data to one
       | another to avoid the blind spots?
       | 
       | This would give the ability to see things other cars cannot see
       | as well.
        
       | heohk wrote:
       | I'm curious how they simulate equipment failures, like a flat
       | tire or something
        
       | nurettin wrote:
       | > Simulation of the Waymo Driver evading a vehicle going in the
       | wrong direction.
       | 
       | It really looks like waymo is the one going in the wrong
       | direction and driving dangerously to evade traffic in this
       | simulation.
        
       | nelsondev wrote:
       | Neat! What happens when the simulated data is
       | hallucinated/incorrect?
       | 
       | In the example videos, the Golden Gate bridge with snow shows the
       | bridge as 1 road, with total of 3 lanes. But in reality, it's a
       | split highway with divider, so 2 sides both have 3 lanes, 6 total
       | lanes.
       | 
       | What happens when the car "learns" to drive on the simulated
       | incorrect 3 lane example? For example will next time it goes on
       | the real GG bridge hug to the rightmost lane?
        
         | sixo wrote:
         | Ideally it would learn a relationship between the sensor input
         | and the correct actions, even if the sensor input is not
         | realistic for the GG in reality.
        
       | seydor wrote:
       | Why don't they call it 'the Matrix' and should i prepare for the
       | plugs?
        
       | LowLevelBasket wrote:
       | Every time I'm in town I use a waymo. It's still a little weird
       | to be a passenger with no driver
        
       | uvesten wrote:
       | So the waymo driver is dreaming, testing out different scenarios,
       | basically...
        
       | crooked-v wrote:
       | I'm a little sad that they talk about counterfactuals in the
       | simulations, but then don't show any examples of even a single
       | sharknado or giant loop-de-loop.
        
       | ubixar wrote:
       | been playing around with world models for sim-to-real transfer
       | lately. the waymo approach looks solid, but curious how you're
       | handling the distribution shift between generated scenes and real
       | sensor data. any tricks for that besides the usual domain
       | randomization?
        
       | patrick451 wrote:
       | No human needs to have seen an elephant standing in the road
       | before to know that you should not drive through an elephant
       | standing in the road. These are not "long tail" events as the
       | waymo says. It's a big object in the road. You have seen that
       | hundreds of thousands of times. Calling that a long tail event is
       | an admission that your model has zero ability to generalize.
        
       | simontheowl wrote:
       | Does this model include things like how slippery the road is, or
       | head wind/ cross wind. Or is it only visual / depth model?
        
       | DiscourseFan wrote:
       | So in order to create a self driving car, you must first create
       | the universe
        
       | Zigurd wrote:
       | The amount to which supposedly engineering based rationales are
       | applied to Elon's decisions is cult like behavior. Here's what's
       | really going on:
       | 
       | That thing I called full self driving just to troll government
       | regulators? Just make it work and don't complain about what I
       | called it.
       | 
       | That rocket that's way too big for orbital payloads but can't go
       | beyond orbit without sending 20 more rockets full of fuel? Just
       | make it work. Occupy Mars!
       | 
       | The two car models that work and have a halo effect on the rest
       | of the product line? I'mma cancel that! Just make the stupid
       | truck we're keeping work!
       | 
       | We've all had a boss like that. I'm sure they salute each other.
        
       | VivaTechnics wrote:
       | Similar to Kiva Systems which was Amazon's best acquisition,
       | Waymo is simply Google's best acquisition. (We live in San
       | Francisco and it feels much safer around these Waymo cars than
       | average "drivers".)
        
         | gorfian_robot wrote:
         | those zoox cars though. watchout!
        
       | qeternity wrote:
       | Have there been any reported instances of Waymo cars being
       | stolen?
       | 
       | Disabled and then loaded into a lead-lined trailer or something.
       | 
       | I imagine the IP running locally on the cars is worth billions.
        
         | gpm wrote:
         | I doubt Waymo would publicly talk about this if it did happen.
         | 
         | I also doubt the IP is worth that much. Most of the secret
         | sauce to starting a competitor probably isn't an end model
         | tuned for a specific configuration of a car but the ability to
         | produce end models, which wouldn't be stealable from the car.
        
       | _trampeltier wrote:
       | How large is the controlled area around the car? And how high do
       | they look for objects? Like something is falling from a bridge, a
       | falling pole or more extreme an falling plane.
        
       | diamondfist25 wrote:
       | Ah the typical MDS npc comes out in the swarm, saying how FSD is
       | no better than GM solutions.
       | 
       | Time to eat pop corn, while FSD drives me for the next hour while
       | I scroll hackernews
        
       | pstuart wrote:
       | It's clear that lidar is superior to the Tesla cameras only
       | approach, but I wonder if being able to take all that data and be
       | able to better correlate what is being seen visually with what
       | the lidar is showing.
       | 
       | That said, for autonomous driving I'd like to see as many sensor
       | options as possible: lidar, radar, cameras, sonar. Belt and
       | suspenders. I imagine as pricing continues to drop all will be
       | embraced.
        
       | insuranceguru wrote:
       | as someone looking at this from a risk and liability perspective,
       | the move toward world models is pretty wild. the edge cases where
       | a model predicts a safe path that doesn't align with physics is
       | basically the final boss of insurance underwriting for autonomous
       | vehicles. curious how they actually validate for 'common sense'
       | reality vs just predicting the next frame.
        
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