[HN Gopher] When internal hostnames are leaked to the clown
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       When internal hostnames are leaked to the clown
        
       Author : zdw
       Score  : 420 points
       Date   : 2026-02-05 05:22 UTC (17 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (rachelbythebay.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (rachelbythebay.com)
        
       | ranger_danger wrote:
       | Pennywise found my hostname? We're cooked.
        
         | TeapotNotKettle wrote:
         | Misconfigured clown - bad news indeed.
        
         | defrost wrote:
         | You're IT, I'm IT, We're all IT.
        
           | bonesss wrote:
           | We all use floats down here.
        
             | ahoka wrote:
             | For representing monetary values.
        
       | dcrazy wrote:
       | Slightly surprised that this blog seems to have succumbed to
       | inbound traffic.
        
         | that_lurker wrote:
         | Opens fine for me
        
           | urbandw311er wrote:
           | "Works on my machine"
        
         | unsnap_biceps wrote:
         | If you're on an apple device, disable private relay. It appears
         | the blog has tar pitted private relay traffic.
        
           | bhaney wrote:
           | It's tar pitting my normal unproxied residential traffic too
        
             | computerfriend wrote:
             | Same, plus my VPN connection.
        
               | alyandon wrote:
               | Same here too. Ironically, the blog is accessible over
               | TOR for me.
        
         | daveoc64 wrote:
         | Rachel has blogged quite a bit about blocking badly behaved RSS
         | Clients in recent years.
         | 
         | I'd link you to one of the articles if I wasn't blocked too,
         | and my VPN wasn't also blocked!
        
           | lapcat wrote:
           | > Rachel has blogged quite a bit about blocking badly behaved
           | RSS Clients in recent years.
           | 
           | Unfortunately that blocking is buggy and overzealous.
           | 
           | I just gave up eventually and unsubscribed from the RSS feed.
        
       | stingraycharles wrote:
       | I don't understand. How could a GCP server access the private
       | NAS?
       | 
       | I agree the web UI should never be monitored using sentry. I can
       | see why they would want it, but at the very least should be opt
       | in.
        
         | throwaway290 wrote:
         | It said knocking, not accessing
         | 
         | also
         | 
         | > you notice that you've started getting requests coming to
         | your server on the "outside world" with that same hostname.
        
         | minitech wrote:
         | It couldn't, but it tried.
        
           | copperx wrote:
           | A for effort, F for firewall.
        
       | fragmede wrote:
       | This highlights a huge problem with LetsEncrypt and CT logs.
       | Which is that the Internet is a bad place, with bad people
       | looking to take advantage of you. If you use LetsEncrypt for ssl
       | certs (which you should), that hostname gets published to the
       | world, and that server immediately gets pummeled by requests for
       | all sorts of fresh install pages, like wp-admin or phpmyadmin,
       | from attackers.
        
         | Spivak wrote:
         | I like only getting *.domain for this reason. No expectation of
         | hiding the domain but if they want to figure out where other
         | things are hosted they'll have to guess.
        
           | ttoinou wrote:
           | So how do you get this ?
        
             | rossy wrote:
             | Let's Encrypt can issue wildcard certs too
        
           | hsbauauvhabzb wrote:
           | That's really not a great fix. If those hostnames leak, they
           | leak forever. I'd be surprised if AV solutions and/or windows
           | aren't logging these things.
        
         | thakoppno wrote:
         | > the Internet is a bad place
         | 
         | FWIW - it's made of people
        
           | TZubiri wrote:
           | No, it's made by systems made by people, systems which might
           | have grown and mutated so many times that the original
           | purpose and ethics might be unrecognizable to the system
           | designers. This can be decades in the case of tech like SMTP,
           | HTTP, JS, but now it can be days in the era of Moltbots and
           | vibecoding.
        
         | jesterson wrote:
         | > If you use LetsEncrypt for ssl certs (which you should)
         | 
         | You meant you shouldn't right? Partially exactly for the
         | reasons you stated later in the same sentence.
        
           | josh3736 wrote:
           | Let's Encrypt has nothing to do with this problem (of
           | Certificate Transparency logs leaking domain names).
           | 
           | CA/B Forum policy requires _every_ CA to publish every issued
           | certificate in the CT logs.
           | 
           | So if you want a TLS certificate that's trusted by browsers,
           | the domain name has to be published to the world, and it
           | doesn't matter where you got your certificate, you are going
           | to start getting requests from automated vulnerability
           | scanners looking to exploit poorly configured or un-updated
           | software.
           | 
           | Wildcards are used to work around this, since what gets
           | published is *.example.com instead of nas.example.com, super-
           | secret-docs.example.com, etc -- but as this article shows,
           | there are other ways that your domain name can leak.
           | 
           | So yes, you _should_ use Let 's Encrypt, since paying for a
           | cert from some other CA does nothing useful.
        
             | jesterson wrote:
             | Statistically amount of parasite scanning on LE "secured"
             | domains is way more compared to purchased certficates. And
             | yes, this is without voluntary publishing on LE side.
             | 
             | I am not entirely aware what LE does differently, but we
             | had very clear observation in the past about it.
        
             | tialaramex wrote:
             | Another big way you get scooped up, having worked in that
             | industry among other things - is that anybody - internal
             | staff, customers, that one sales guy who insists on using
             | his personal iPhone to demo the product and everybody turns
             | a blind eye because he made $14M in sales last year - calls
             | some public DNS resolver and the public DNS server sells
             | those names --- even though the name didn't "work" because
             | it wasn't public.
             | 
             | They don't sell _who_ asked because that 's a regulatory
             | nightmare they don't want, but they sell the list of names
             | because it's valuable.
             | 
             | You might buy this because you're a bad guy (reputable
             | sellers won't sell to you but that's easy to circumvent),
             | because you're a more-or-less legit outfit looking for
             | problems you can sell back to the person who has the
             | problem, or even just for market research. Yes, some
             | customers who own example.com and are using ZQF brand HR
             | software won't name the server zqf.example.com but a _lot_
             | of them will and so you can measure that.
        
         | krautsauer wrote:
         | That may be related, but it's not what happened here. Wildcard-
         | cert and all.
        
         | ale42 wrote:
         | It's not just Let's Encrypt, right? CT is a requirement for all
         | Certificate Authorities nowadays. You can just look at the
         | certificate of www.google.com and see that it has been
         | published to two CT logs (Google's and Sectigo's)
        
           | tialaramex wrote:
           | Technically logging certificates is not a Requirement of the
           | trust stores, but most web browsers won't accept a
           | certificate which isn't presented with a proof of logging,
           | typically (but not always) baked inside the certificates.
           | 
           | The reason for this distinction is that failing to meet a
           | Requirement for issued certificates would mean the trust
           | stores might remove your CA, but several CAs today do issue
           | unlogged certificates - and if you wanted to use those on a
           | web server you would need to go log them and staple the
           | proofs to your certs in the server configuration.
           | 
           | Most of the rules (the "Baseline Requirements" or BRs) are
           | requirements and must be followed for all issued
           | certificates, but the rule about logging deliberately doesn't
           | work that way. The BRs do require that a CA can show us - if
           | asked - everything about the certificates they issued, and
           | these days for most CAs that's easiest accomplished by just
           | providing links to the logs e.g. via crt.sh -- but that
           | requirement could also be fulfilled by handing over a PDF or
           | an Excel sheet or something.
        
           | nottorp wrote:
           | Now I get why they want to reduce certificate validity to 20
           | minutes. The logs will become so spammy then that the bad
           | guys won't be able to scan all hosts in them any more...
        
         | prmoustache wrote:
         | Why would you care that your hostname on a local only domain is
         | published to the world if it is not reachable from outside?
         | Publicly available hosts are alread published to the world
         | anyway through DNS.
         | 
         | LetsEncrypt doesn't make a difference at all.
        
         | Gigachad wrote:
         | Unsecured fresh install states that rely on you signing in
         | before an attacker does were always a horrible idea. It's been
         | a welcome change on the Linux side where Linux distros can
         | install with your SSH key and details preloaded so password
         | login is always disabled.
         | 
         | These PHP apps need to change so you first boot the app with
         | credentials so the app is secured at all moments.
        
       | NitpickLawyer wrote:
       | Not sure why they made the connection to sentry.io and not with
       | CT logs. My first thought was that "*.some-subdomain." got added
       | to the CT logs and someone is scanning *. with well known hosts,
       | of which "nas" would be one. Curious if they have more insights
       | into sentry.io leaking and where does it leak to...
        
         | jraph wrote:
         | That hypothesis seems less likely and more complicated than the
         | sentry one.
         | 
         | Scanning wildcards for well-known subdomains seems both quite
         | specific and rather costly for unclear benefits.
        
           | flexagoon wrote:
           | Bots regularly try to bruteforce domain paths to find things
           | like /wp-admin, bruteforcing subdomains isn't any more
           | complicated
        
             | jraph wrote:
             | > Bots regularly try to bruteforce domain paths to find
             | things like /wp-admin
             | 
             | Sure, when WordPress powers 45% of all websites, your odds
             | to reach something by hitting /wp-admin are high.
             | 
             | The space of all the possible unknown subdomains is way
             | bigger than a few well known paths you can attack.
        
         | rawling wrote:
         | I feel like the author would have noticed and said so if she
         | was getting logs for more than just the one host.
        
         | A1kmm wrote:
         | But she mentioned: 1) it isn't in DNS only /etc/hosts and 2)
         | they are making a connection to it. So they'd need to get the
         | IP address to connect to from somewhere as well.
        
           | bardsore wrote:
           | Unless she hosts her own cert authority or is using a self-
           | signed cert, the wildcard cert she mentions is visible to the
           | public on sites such as https://crt.sh/.
        
             | heipei wrote:
             | Yes, the wildcard cert, but not the actual hostname under
             | that wildcard.
        
           | jeroenhd wrote:
           | From the article:
           | 
           | > You're able to see this because you set up a wildcard DNS
           | entry for the whole " _.nothing-special.whatever.example.com
           | " space pointing at a machine you control just in case
           | something leaks. And, well, something _did* leak.
           | 
           | They don't need the IP address itself, it sounds like they're
           | not even connecting to the same host.
        
         | imtringued wrote:
         | Because sentry.io is a commercial application monitoring tool
         | which has zero incentive to any kind of application monitoring
         | on non-paying customers. That's just costs without benefits.
         | 
         | You now have to argue that a random third party is using and
         | therefore paying sentry.io to do monitoring of random
         | subdomains for the dubious benefit of knowing that the domain
         | exists even though they are paying for something that is way
         | more expensive.
         | 
         | It's far more likely that the NAS vendor integrated sentry.io
         | into the web interface and sentry.io is simply trying to
         | communicate with monitoring endpoints that are part of said
         | integration.
         | 
         | From the perspective of the NAS vendor, the benefits of
         | analytics are obvious. Since there is no central NAS server
         | where all the logs are gathered, they would have to ask users
         | to send the error logs manually which is unreliable. Instead of
         | waiting for users to report errors, the NAS vendor decided to
         | be proactive and send error logs to a central service.
        
       | notsylver wrote:
       | I think people are misunderstanding. This isn't CT logs, its a
       | wildcard certificate so it wouldn't leak the "nas" part. It's
       | sentry catching client-side traces and calling home with them,
       | and then picking out the hostname from the request that sent them
       | (ie, "nas.nothing-special.whatever.example.com") and trying to
       | poll it for whatever reason, which is going to a separate server
       | that is catching the wildcard domain and being rejected.
        
         | spondyl wrote:
         | My first thought was perhaps they're trying to fetch a favicon
         | for rendering against the traces in the UI?
        
           | n0w wrote:
           | They're likely trying to retrieve source maps
        
         | hsbauauvhabzb wrote:
         | Sounds like a great way to get sentry to fire off arbitrary
         | requests to IPs you don't own.
         | 
         | sure hope nobody does that targeting ips (like that blacklist
         | in masscan) that will auto report you to your isp/ans/whatever
         | for your abusive traffic. Repeatedly.
        
           | leoc wrote:
           | Obligatory Bruce Scneier: https://www.schneier.com/blog/archi
           | ves/2008/03/the_security_...
        
             | ralferoo wrote:
             | Hehe, just reading that.
             | 
             | > The poster described how she was able to retrieve her car
             | after service just by giving the attendant her last name.
             | Now any normal car owner would be happy about how easy it
             | was to get her car back, but someone with a security
             | mindset immediately thinks: "Can I really get a car just by
             | knowing the last name of someone whose car is being
             | serviced?"
             | 
             | Just a couple of hours ago, I picked my car up from having
             | its obligatory annual vehicle check. I walked past it and
             | went into their office, saying "I'm here to pick up my
             | car". "Which one is it?" "The Golf" "Oh, the $MODEL?" (it
             | was the only Golf in their car park) "Yeah". And then after
             | payment of PS30, the keys were handed over without checking
             | of anything, not even a confirmation of my surname. This
             | was a different guy to the one who was in there an hour
             | earlier when I dropped the car off.
        
               | duxup wrote:
               | I feel like that car security situation also is sort of
               | setup to tell us about how folks with a security mindset
               | can go overboard?
               | 
               | Some car dealership who never had a car stolen hires a
               | consultant and they identify this pickup situation as a
               | problem. Then they implement some wild security and now
               | customers who just dropped off their car, just talked to
               | the same customer service person about the weather ...
               | have to go through some extra security to impersonally
               | prove who they are, because someone imagined a problem
               | that has never occurred (or nearly never). But here we go
               | doing the security dance because someone imagined a
               | problem that really has nothing to do with how people
               | actually steal cars...
               | 
               | Computers and the internet are different of course, the
               | volume of possibilities / bad actors you could be exposed
               | to are seemingly endless. Yet even there security mindset
               | can go overboard.
               | 
               | I'm currently trying to recover/move some developer
               | accounts for some services because we had someone leave
               | the company less than gracefully. Often I have my own
               | account, it's part of an organization ... but moving
               | ownership is an arduous and bizarrely different process
               | for each company. I get it, you wouldn't want someone to
               | take over our no name organization, but the process all
               | seem to involve extra steps piled on "for security". The
               | fact that I'm already a customer, have an account in good
               | standing, part of the organization, the organization
               | account holder has been inactive ... doesn't seem to
               | matter at all, I may as well be a stranger from the
               | outside, presumably because of "security".
        
               | RcouF1uZ4gsC wrote:
               | And then some person realizes that government ids can be
               | faked, so they set up a system of doing a retinal scan of
               | the person dropping off the car and then comparing it to
               | the retinal scan of the person picking it up.
               | 
               | Then they realize that one person may be bribed so they
               | require at least two people to verify at pickup and drop
               | off.
               | 
               | Meanwhile, a car has never ever been stolen this way.
        
               | duxup wrote:
               | Yup, it's taking me probably 10x longer gathering
               | legitimate documents to send to these companies.
               | 
               | Meanwhile I could fake them all in a fairly short amount
               | of time...
        
               | tracker1 wrote:
               | And when I need my wife to pickup my car for me because I
               | took hers to work and she's taking an Uber to get my
               | car...?
               | 
               | Definitely over the top issue.
        
               | ryandrake wrote:
               | It certainly _feels_ that way here in 2026. It seems like
               | I 'm spending so much time "verifying" and
               | "authenticating" and clicking somewhere so that the
               | service can send me a code in E-mail. And more and more
               | services are getting super aggressive. Biometrics, 2FA,
               | uploading government ID, uploading face scans... Good
               | grief!
               | 
               | I can imagine being in info-sec is a rough life. When you
               | get breached, they're blamed. So they spend all their
               | time red-teaming and coming up with outlandish ways that
               | their systems can be compromised, and equally outlandish
               | hoops for users to jump through just to use their
               | product. So the product gets all these hoops. And then an
               | attacker gets even more creative, breaches you again, and
               | now your product has horrible UX + you're still getting
               | breached.
        
               | tracker1 wrote:
               | On the flip side... I can't tell you how many times I've
               | had to explain how public/private key crypto works do
               | developers and IT security staff working in government
               | projects. And this is just for one-way trust of JWTs for
               | SSO integrations.
               | 
               | I mean, I don't mind if the same dev public-keys are used
               | nearly everywhere in internal dev and testing
               | environments... but JFC, don't deploy them to client
               | infrastructure for our apps.
               | 
               | FWIW, aside... for about the last decade, I generally
               | separate auth from the application I'm working with,
               | relying on a limited set of established roles and RSA
               | signed JWTs, allowing for the configuration of one or
               | more issuers. This allows for a "devauth" that you can
               | run locally for a whoever you want usage. While more
               | easily integrating into other SSO systems and bridges
               | with other auth services/systems in differing production
               | environments. Even with firm SSO/Ouath, etc services,
               | it's still the gist of configuration.
        
               | xp84 wrote:
               | The way so-called '2fa' has been implemented on 90% of
               | the things I interact with as a consumer is an absolute
               | farce. Control of a SIM is nearly 100% of the time
               | sufficient to get absolute control of any account, and
               | showing a $50 fake ID to a teenager at a cell phone store
               | has probably a 99% success rate. Only sites for nerds,
               | plus Google and Microsoft, support TOTP or passkeys.
               | Everywhere else uses the sms BS for 2fa or often
               | effectively 1fa if it can be used to reset the first
               | factor. And these same idiots lecture you for your
               | 100-character password for not containing "at least one
               | of these SIX "special characters", an upper, a lower, and
               | a digit. `Password1!` is a suitable password to these
               | systems.
        
               | Spooky23 wrote:
               | It's a risk/reward scenario, and an example of security
               | minded people chasing ghosts.
               | 
               | The likelihood of conmen stealing VW Golfs from repair
               | shops is a really low risk/high impact event. So they
               | could demand your passport and piss you off or have you
               | leave a happy customer.
               | 
               | In the remote chance the con artist strikes, it's a
               | general liability covered by insurance.
        
               | Wowfunhappy wrote:
               | Aren't there easier ways to steal cars? Like, go to an
               | open parking lot, pick the lock, and start the car by
               | connecting the right wires.
               | 
               | It's risky, sure. But the garage situation also seems
               | risky.
        
               | MisterTea wrote:
               | It's even easier than that. A lot of older ignition locks
               | could be defeated by a screwdriver so you just smash the
               | window, jimmy the ignition lock with the screw driver and
               | off you go! There was a specific model of jeep that was
               | stolen a lot because the rear lock could be popped out
               | easily with pliers, a matching key made, and you return
               | later with the key to steal the car.
        
               | koverstreet wrote:
               | You'd have to be stupid and desperate to steal from a
               | garage.
               | 
               | The people who work there aren't office workers; you've
               | got blue collar workers who spend all day working
               | together and hanging out using heavy equipment right in
               | the back. And they're going to be well acquainted with
               | the local tow truck drivers and the local police - so
               | unless you're somewhere like Detroit, you better be on
               | your way across state lines the moment you're out of
               | there. And you're not conning a typical corporate drone
               | who sees 100 faces a day; they'll be able to give a good
               | description.
               | 
               | And then what? You're either stuck filing off VINs and
               | faking a bunch of paperwork, or you have to sell it to a
               | chop shop. The only way it'd plausibly have a decent
               | enough payoff is if you're scouting for unique vehicles
               | with some value (say, a mint condition 3000GT), but
               | that's an even worse proposition for social engineering -
               | people working in a garage are car guys, when someone
               | brings in a cool vehicle everyone's talking about it and
               | the guy who brought it in. Good luck with that :)
               | 
               | Dealership? Even worse proposition, they're actual
               | targets so they know how to track down missing vehicles.
               | 
               | If you really want to steal a car via social engineering,
               | hit a car rental place, give them fake documentation,
               | then drive to a different state to unload it - you still
               | have to fake all the paperwork, and strip anything that
               | identifies it as a rental, and you won't be able to sell
               | to anyone reputable so it'll be a slow process, and
               | you'll need to disguise your appearance differently both
               | times so descriptions don't match later. IOW - if you're
               | doing it right so it has a chance in hell of working,
               | that office job starts to sound a whole lot less tedious.
               | 
               | Way easier to just write code :)
        
               | SR2Z wrote:
               | Stolen cars are often sold for low amounts of money -
               | like $50 - and then used to commit crimes that are not
               | traceable from their plates. It hasn't really been
               | possible to steal and resell a car in the United States
               | for many years, barring a few carefully watched loopholes
               | (Vermont out-of-state registrations is one example that
               | was recently closed).
               | 
               | When Kia and Hyundai were recently selling models without
               | real keys or ignition interlocks, that was the main thing
               | folks did when they stole them.
        
               | koverstreet wrote:
               | Yeah, the only way to do it would be a cash transaction
               | where you'd have to forge a legitimate looking
               | title/registration and pass it off to a naive buyer. So
               | it's still technically possible, but not in any kind of
               | remotely scalable way.
        
               | foldor wrote:
               | In Canada there's been a big problem with stolen cars
               | lately. Mostly trucks, and other high value vehicles
               | though. Selling them locally isn't feasible, but there's
               | a criminal organization that's gotten very good at
               | getting them on container ships and out to countries that
               | don't care if the vehicles are stolen. So even with
               | tracking, there's nothing people can do. Stopping it at
               | the port is the obvious fix, but somehow that's not what
               | is being done. Probably bribery to look the other way.
        
               | b00ty4breakfast wrote:
               | I reckon it is infinitely riskier to be caught attempting
               | to break into a car than it is to just walk in to a
               | service garage and pretending you own the Vdub in the
               | parking lot. There is still a bit of deniability in the
               | 2nd option but good luck explaining to the police why you
               | are using a set of tools specifically for picking vehicle
               | locks (because you can't just use regular pick and
               | tension wrenches) to break into a vehicle that you don't
               | own.
        
               | RajT88 wrote:
               | The fact that so many things in the world work like this
               | is the reason for the continued appeal of heist movies.
               | Those always contain clever bits of social engineering
               | and confidence scams which move the plot along - and they
               | are as believable today as they always were.
        
               | Nextgrid wrote:
               | The difference is that car theft is still prosecuted by
               | police, where as cybercrime is not (unless you embarrass
               | a huge corporation).
               | 
               | So the garage can have lower security because even
               | potential thieves do a risk/reward calculation and the
               | vast majority choose not to proceed with it.
               | 
               | Online, the risk/reward calculation is different (what
               | risk?), so more people will be tempted to try (even for
               | the lolz - not every act of cybercrime is done for
               | monetary purposes).
        
             | fc417fc802 wrote:
             | Good read, but:
             | 
             | > This kind of thinking is not natural for most people.
             | It's not natural for engineers. Good engineering involves
             | ...
             | 
             | I have to disagree in the strongest terms. It doesn't
             | matter what it is, the only way to do a good job designing
             | something is to imagine the ways in which things could go
             | wrong. You have to poke holes in your own design and then
             | fix them rather than leaving it to the real world to tear
             | your project to shreds after the fact.
             | 
             | The same thing applies to science. Any even half decent
             | scientist is constantly attempting to tear his own theories
             | apart.
             | 
             | I think Schneier is correct about that sort of thinking not
             | being natural for your typical person. But it _is_ natural
             | (or rather a prerequisite) for truly competent engineers
             | and scientists.
        
               | bratwurst3000 wrote:
               | hmmm I am 50% with you. Imho to be an amazing engineer is
               | to see a problem and find a good(whatever good means)
               | solution. Beeing a good scientist is asking precise
               | questions and finding experiments validating them.
               | 
               | I think its more the nuanced difference between safety
               | and security. Engineers build things so they run safe.
               | For example building a roof that doesnt collapse is a
               | safe roof. Is the roof secure? Maybe I can put thermites
               | in the wood...
               | 
               | this is the difference. Safety is no harm done from the
               | thing itself Engineers build and security is securing the
               | thing from harm from outside.
        
               | klaff wrote:
               | Now I'm scared at the idea of termites with thermite!
        
               | fc417fc802 wrote:
               | That is true, but security is similarly subject to the
               | need to constrain threat models to those that are
               | relevant. The scientist doesn't need to worry about mass
               | production, the engineer (in most cases) doesn't need to
               | worry about someone taking a chain saw to it.
               | 
               | Security will have a wider scope by default (unlike
               | natural phenomena, attacks are motivated and can get
               | pretty creative after all) but there will still be some
               | boundary outside of which "not my problem" applies.
               | Regardless, it's the same fundamental thought pattern in
               | use. Repeatedly asking "what did I overlook, what
               | unintended assumptions did I make, how could this break".
               | 
               | That said, admittedly by the time you make it to the
               | scale of Google or Microsoft and are seriously
               | considering intelligence agencies as adversaries the sky
               | is the limit. But then the same sort of "every last
               | detail is always your problem" mentality also applies to
               | the engineers and software developers building things
               | that go to space (for example).
        
               | atroon wrote:
               | It wasn't typical in 2008, I think, is the upshot.
        
               | dh2022 wrote:
               | I agree. A good engineer would think about all possible
               | corner cases ( _). Security is another set of corner
               | cases.
               | 
               | (_) Just yesterday I had to correct a PR because the
               | engineer did not think of some corner cases. All sorts of
               | corner cases happen in real life.
        
         | doctorpangloss wrote:
         | people are misunderstanding because the blog post is really
         | confusing and poorly written haha
        
       | b1temy wrote:
       | Is "clown GCP Host" a technical term I am unaware of, or is the
       | author just voicing their discontent?
       | 
       | Seems to me that the problem is the NAS's web interface using
       | sentry for logging/monitoring, and part of what was logged were
       | internal hostnames (which might be named in a way that has
       | sensitive info, e.g, the corp-and-other-corp-merger example they
       | gave. So it wouldn't matter that it's inaccessible in a private
       | network, the name itself is sensitive information.).
       | 
       | In that case, I would personally replace the operating system of
       | the NAS with one that is free/open source that I trust and does
       | not phone home. I suppose some form of adblocking ala PiHole or
       | some other DNS configuration that blocks sentry calls would work
       | too, but I would just go with using an operating system I trust.
        
         | jraph wrote:
         | > Is "clown GCP Host" a technical term I am unaware of, or is
         | the author just voicing their discontent?
         | 
         | Clown is Rachel's word for (Big Tech's) cloud.
        
           | senectus1 wrote:
           | amusingly its a term used by my co-workers to describe anyone
           | thats not them.
        
             | jraph wrote:
             | Oh well... I suppose humility is your coworker's defining
             | quality? :-)
        
               | senectus1 wrote:
               | oh the answer to this is definitive. :-P
        
             | jrflowers wrote:
             | Your coworkers call you a clown?
        
               | senectus1 wrote:
               | I didnt call them workmates.
        
               | jrflowers wrote:
               | Hire somebody to make balloon animals in the office for a
               | couple hours, pay in cash, tell the balloonist that your
               | name is [coworker's name]
        
             | NoGravitas wrote:
             | "When you became Denise, I told all of your colleagues,
             | those clown comics, to fix their hearts or die."
        
             | JackFr wrote:
             | "What clown wrote this ... [ runs git blame ]
             | ...erm...never mind."
        
           | dehrmann wrote:
           | She was (or is) at Facebook, and "clowntown" and "clowny" are
           | words you see there.
        
             | mintplant wrote:
             | "Clownshoes" is common as an adjective at Mozilla.
        
             | jraph wrote:
             | > She was (or is) at Facebook
             | 
             | was (and she worked at Google too)
             | 
             | > "clowntown" and "clowny" are words you see there.
             | 
             | Didn't know this, interesting!
        
             | iwontberude wrote:
             | [flagged]
        
               | Anon1096 wrote:
               | No it's because lots of stuff is duct taped together and
               | then you have tons of scripts or tooling that was
               | someone's weekend project (to make their oncall burden
               | easier) that they shared around. Usually there'll be a
               | flag like --clowntown or --clowny-xyz when it's obvious
               | to all parties involved that it's destined to destroy
               | everything one day but YOLO (also a common one).
        
               | robby_w_g wrote:
               | Maybe the AI hype is a misdirect so we will blame LLMs
               | for future tech failures instead of the engineers who
               | built up these services
        
               | dang wrote:
               | Could you please stop posting unsubstantive comments and
               | flamebait? You've unfortunately been doing it repeatedly.
               | It's not what this site is for, and destroys what it is
               | for.
               | 
               | You may not owe clown-resemblers better, but you owe this
               | community better if you're participating in it.
               | 
               | We ban accounts that keep posting in this sort of
               | pattern, as yours has, so if you'd please review
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html and
               | stick to the rules when posting here, we'd appreciate it.
        
               | iwontberude wrote:
               | As long as you and I both agree on the truth, I am
               | willing to go along with your moderation.
        
           | baxtr wrote:
           | Anyone know how she come up with the word or why she chose
           | it?
        
             | kadoban wrote:
             | Probably just because it looks/sounds a little like cloud
             | and has the connotations she wants.
             | 
             | It feels pretty hacker jargon-ish, it has some "hysterical
             | raisins" type wordplay vibes.
        
             | oniony wrote:
             | Maybe she's a juggalo.
        
             | rwmj wrote:
             | Maybe from JWZ? https://cdn.jwz.org/images/2016/clown-
             | computing.png
        
               | yborg wrote:
               | Huh. How did you link to jwz without getting THAT image?
        
               | jraph wrote:
               | It's another domain, jwz probably didn't set up that
               | redirection on this one.
        
           | hk1337 wrote:
           | So, it's basically like Cloud2Butt but with a different word.
        
         | rausr wrote:
         | > Is "clown GCP Host" a technical term I am unaware of, or is
         | the author just voicing their discontent?
         | 
         | The term has been in use for quite some time; It is voicing
         | sarcastic discontent with the hyperscaler platforms _and_ their
         | users (the idea being that the platform is "someone else's
         | computer" or - more up to date - "a landlord for your data").
         | I'm not sure if she coined it, but if she did then good on her!
         | 
         | Not everyone believes using "the cloud" is a good idea, and for
         | those of us who have run their own infrastructure "on-premises"
         | or co-located, the clown is considered suitably patronising.
         | Just saying ;)
        
           | b1temy wrote:
           | > the idea being that the platform is "someone else's
           | computer"
           | 
           | I have a vague memory of once having a userscript or browser
           | extension that replaced every instance of the word "cloud"
           | with "other peoples' computers". (iirc while funny, it was
           | not practical, and I removed it).
           | 
           | fwiw I agree and I do not believe using "the cloud" for
           | everything is a good idea either, I've just never heard of
           | the word "clown" being used in this way before now.
        
             | masto wrote:
             | "Cloud to butt" was popular in the early cloud days. It
             | went around Google internally, and caused some...
             | interesting issues.
        
               | ryandrake wrote:
               | I remember ridiculing "cloud computing" by calling it
               | "clown computing" decades ago. It's pretty old and well
               | established snark-jargon, like spelling Micro$oft with a
               | dollar sign.
        
         | seethishat wrote:
         | Also, sometimes, we use the term 'weenie' rather than 'clown'.
         | They are interchangeable.
        
         | user_of_the_wek wrote:
         | The circus left town, but the clowns are still here.
        
         | m463 wrote:
         | with clown=cloud, GCP must mean google clown platform
        
         | 1vuio0pswjnm7 wrote:
         | I remember the term "clown computing" to describe "cloud
         | computing" from IRC earlier than 2016
         | 
         | I use a localhost TLS forward proxy for all TCP and HTTP over
         | the LAN
         | 
         | There is no access to remote DNS, only local DNS. I use stored
         | DNS data periodically gathered in bulk from various sources. As
         | such, HTTP and other traffic over TCP that use hostnames cannot
         | reach hosts on the internet unless I allow it in local DNS or
         | the proxy config
         | 
         | For me, "WebPKI" has proven useful for blocking attempts to
         | phone home. Attempts to phone home that try to use TLS will
         | fail
         | 
         | I also like adding CSP response header that effectively blocks
         | certain Javascript
         | 
         | It sounds like the blog author gave the NAS direct access to
         | the internet
         | 
         | Every user is different, not everyone has the same preferences
        
           | simoncion wrote:
           | > It sounds like the blog author gave the NAS direct access
           | to the internet
           | 
           | FTFA:                 Every time you load up the NAS [in your
           | browser], you get some clown GCP host knocking on your door,
           | presenting a SNI hostname of that thing you buried deep
           | inside your infrastructure. Hope you didn't name it anything
           | sensitive, like "mycorp-and-othercorp-planned-merger-
           | storage", or something.              Around this time, you
           | realize that the web interface for this thing has some stuff
           | that phones home, and part of what it does is to send stack
           | traces back to sentry.io. Yep, your browser is calling back
           | to them, and it's telling them the hostname you use for your
           | internal storage box. Then for some reason, they're making a
           | TLS connection back to it, but they don't ever request
           | anything. Curious, right?              This is when you fire
           | up Little Snitch, block the whole domain for any app on the
           | machine, and go on with life.
           | 
           | I disagree with your conclusion. The post speaks specifically
           | about interactions with the NAS through a browser being the
           | source of the problem and the use of an OSX application
           | firewall program called Little Snitch to resolve the problem.
           | [0] The author's ~fifteen years of posts demonstrate that she
           | is a significantly accomplished and knowledgeable system
           | administrator who has configured and debugged much trickier
           | things than what's described in the article.
           | 
           | It's not impossible that the source of the problem has been
           | misidentified... but it's extremely unlikely. Having said
           | that, one thing I _do_ find likely is that the NAS in
           | question is isolated from the Internet; that 's just a smart
           | thing that a savvy sysadmin would do.
           | 
           | [0] I find it... unlikely that the NAS in question is running
           | OSX, so Little Snitch is almost certainly running on a client
           | PC, rather than the NAS.
        
       | TZubiri wrote:
       | >Hope you didn't name it anything sensitive, like "mycorp-and-
       | othercorp-planned-merger-storage", or something.
       | 
       | So, no one competent is going to do this, domains are not
       | encrypted by HTTPS, any sensitive info is pushed to the URL Path.
       | 
       | I think being controlling of domain names is a sign of a good
       | sysadmin, it's also a bit schizophrenic, but you gotta be a
       | little schizophrenic to be the type of sysadmin that never gets
       | hacked.
       | 
       | That said, domains not leaking is one of those "clean sheet"
       | features that you go for no reason at all, and it feels nice, but
       | if you don't get it, it's not consequential at all. It's like
       | driving at exactly 50mph, like having a green streak on github.
       | You are never going to rely on that secrecy if only because some
       | ISP might see that, but it's 100% achievable that no one will
       | start pinging your internal host and start polluting your hosts
       | (if you do domain name filtering).
       | 
       | So what I'm saying is, I appreciate this type of effort, but it's
       | a bit dramatic. Definitely uninstall whatever junk leaked your
       | domain though, but it's really nothing.
        
         | jraph wrote:
         | > any sensitive info is pushed to the URL Path
         | 
         | This too is not ideal. It gets saved in the browser history,
         | and if the url is sent by message (email or IM), the provider
         | may visit it.
         | 
         | > Definitely uninstall whatever junk leaked your domain though,
         | but it's really nothing.
         | 
         | We are used to the tracking being everywhere but it is
         | scandalous and should be considered as such. Not the subdomain
         | leak part, that's just how Rachel noticed, but the non
         | advertised tracking from an appliance chosen to be connected
         | privately.
        
           | TZubiri wrote:
           | >This too is not ideal. It gets saved in the browser history,
           | and if the url is sent by message (email or IM), the provider
           | may visit it.
           | 
           | Sure. POST for extra security.
           | 
           | > Not the subdomain leak part, that's just how Rachel
           | noticed, but the non advertised tracking from an appliance
           | chosen to be connected privately.
           | 
           | If this were a completely local product, like say a USB
           | stick. Sure. but this is a Network Attached Storage product,
           | and the user explicitly chose to use network functions
           | (domains, http), it's not the same category of issue.
        
             | simoncion wrote:
             | > Sure. but this is a Network Attached Storage product, and
             | the user explicitly chose to use network functions
             | (domains, http), it's not the same category of issue.
             | 
             | Is it fair to say that you're saying that it should be
             | considered normal to expect that network-attached devices
             | (designed and sold by reliable, aboveboard companies)
             | connected to (V)LANs with no Internet access will be
             | configured to use computers that use their management
             | interfaces (whether GUI, CLI, or API) as "jumpboxes" to
             | attempt to phone home with information about their
             | configuration and other such "telemetry"?
             | 
             | Do carefully note what I'm asking: whether it should be
             | considered _normal_ to do this, rather than considering it
             | to be somewhat outrageous. It 's obviously _possible_ to do
             | this in the same way that it 's obviously possible to do
             | things like scratch the paint on a line of cars parked on
             | the street, or adulterate food and medicine.
        
         | Jolter wrote:
         | Obl. nitpick: you mean paranoia, presumably. Schizophrenia is a
         | dissociative/psychotic disorder, paranoia is the irrational
         | belief that you're being persecuted/watched/etc.
         | 
         | Btw, in this case it can't be paranoia since the belief was not
         | irrational - the author _was_ being watched.
        
           | TZubiri wrote:
           | You are right, I meant paranoid.
           | 
           | >Btw, in this case it can't be paranoia since the belief was
           | not irrational - the author was being watched.
           | 
           | Yes, but I mean being overly cautious in the threat model.
           | For example, birds may be watching through my window, it's
           | true and I might catch a bird watching my house, but it's
           | paranoid in the sense that it's too tight of a threat model.
        
             | jraph wrote:
             | I know analogies are not meant to be perfect, but birds
             | don't mass watch, and don't systematically watch every of
             | your moves neither.
        
               | nirse wrote:
               | That's what you think...
        
               | jraph wrote:
               | :-)
        
             | nottorp wrote:
             | One never knows, that owl might be electric.
        
         | OptionOfT wrote:
         | TLS 1.3 has encrypted client hello which encrypts the domain
         | name during an HTTPS connection.
        
           | TZubiri wrote:
           | That's one of those features that's not quite standard, but
           | risks getting into paranoid threat models , like DNS over
           | HTTP, residential proxies, Tor.
        
         | voidUpdate wrote:
         | > "So, no one competent is going to do this"
         | 
         | What about all the people who are incompetant?
        
         | wasmitnetzen wrote:
         | I've blown fairly competent colleagues' minds multiple times by
         | showing them the existence of certificate transparency logs.
         | They were very much under the impression that hostnames can be
         | kept secret as a protection against external infrastructure
         | mapping.
        
           | TZubiri wrote:
           | Can't it? If you get a wildcard certificate?
           | 
           | Otherwise if you are getting a domain specific certificate,
           | you are obviously giving your cert provider the domains, and
           | why would you assume it would be secret?
        
       | teekert wrote:
       | Is this a Chrome/Edge thing? Or do privacy respecting browsers
       | also do this? If so, it's unexpected.
       | 
       | If Firefox also leaks this, I wonder if this is something mass-
       | surveillance related.
       | 
       | (Judging from the down votes I misunderstood something)
        
         | nomercy400 wrote:
         | From what I understand, sentry.io is like a tracing and logging
         | service, used by many organizations.
         | 
         | This helps you (=NAS developer) to centralize logs and trace a
         | request through all your application layers (client->server->db
         | and back), so you can identify performance bottlenecks and
         | measure usage patterns.
         | 
         | This is what you can find behind the 'anonymized diagnostics'
         | and 'telemetry' settings you are asked to enable/consent.
         | 
         | For a WebUI it is implemented via javascript, which runs on the
         | client's machine and hooks into the clicks, API calls and page
         | content. It then sends statistics and logs back to, in this
         | case, sentry.io. Your browser just sees javascript, so don't
         | blame them. Privacy Badger might block it.
         | 
         | It is as nefarious as the developer of the application wants to
         | use it. Normally you would use it to centralize logging, find
         | performance issues, and get a basic idea on what features users
         | actually use, so you can debug more easily. But you can also
         | use it to track users. And don't forget, sentry.io is a cloud
         | solution. If you post it on machines outside your control,
         | expect it to be public. Sentry has a self-hosted solution, btw.
        
           | jeroenhd wrote:
           | My employer uses Sentry for (backend) metrics collection so I
           | had to unblock it to do my job. I wish Sentry would have
           | separate infra for "operating on data collected by Sentry"
           | and "submit every mouse click to Sentry" so I could block
           | their mass surveillance and still do my job, but I suppose
           | that would cut into their profit margins.
           | 
           | My current solution is a massive hack that breaks down every
           | now and then.
        
             | wbobeirne wrote:
             | Most organizations I've set Sentry up for tunnel the
             | traffic through their own domain, since many blocking
             | extensions block sentry requeats by default. Their own docs
             | recommend it as well. All that to say, it's not trivial to
             | fully block it and you were probably sending telemetry
             | anyway even with the domain blocked.
        
               | jeroenhd wrote:
               | With the right tricks (CNAME detection, URL matching) a
               | bunch of ad blocking tools still pick up the first-party
               | proxies, but that only works when directly communicating
               | with the Sentry servers.
               | 
               | Quite a pain that companies refuse to take no for an
               | answer :/
        
       | that_guy_iain wrote:
       | This is actually an really interesting way to attack a sensitive
       | network. This is a way of allowing to map the internal network of
       | a sensitive network. Getting access is obviously the main
       | challenge but once you're in there you need to know where you go
       | and what to look for. If you've already got that knowledge when
       | planning the attack to gain entry then you've got the upper-hand.
       | So while it kinda seems like "Ok, so they have a hostname they
       | can't access why do I care?". If you're doing high-end security
       | on your system admin level then this is the sort of small
       | nitpicking that it takes to be the best.
        
       | zaptheimpaler wrote:
       | Oh god this sucks, i've been setting up lots of services on my
       | NAS pointing to my own domains recently. Can't even name the
       | domains on my own damn server with an expectation of privacy now.
        
         | jraph wrote:
         | > Can't even name the domains on my own damn server with an
         | expectation of privacy now.
         | 
         | You never could. A host name or a domain is bound to leave your
         | box, it's meant to. It takes sending an email with a local
         | email client.
         | 
         | (Not saying, the NAS leak still sucks)
        
           | zaptheimpaler wrote:
           | I don't know much about email, but how would some random
           | service send an email from my domain if I've never given it
           | any auth tokens?
        
             | jraph wrote:
             | It should not, but it's usual to configure random services
             | to send mails to users, for instance for password resets,
             | or for random notifications.
             | 
             | Another thing usually sending mails is cron, but that
             | should only go to the admin(s).
             | 
             | Some services might also display the host name somewhere in
             | their UI.
        
             | TheDong wrote:
             | You don't need any auth to send an email from your domain,
             | or in fact from any domain. Just set whatever `From` you
             | want.
             | 
             | I've received many emails from `root@localhost` over the
             | years.
             | 
             | Admittedly, most residential ISPs block all SMTP traffic,
             | and other email servers are likely to drop it or mark it as
             | spam, but there's no strict requirement for auth.
        
               | prmoustache wrote:
               | > Admittedly, most residential ISPs block all SMTP
               | traffic, and other email servers are likely to drop it or
               | mark it as spam, but there's no strict requirement for
               | auth.
               | 
               | Source? I've never seen that. Nobody could use their
               | email provider of choice if that was the case.
        
               | namibj wrote:
               | They don't do DPI, they just look at the destination
               | port. And that's why there's a separate port for
               | submission to mail agents where such auth is expected and
               | thus only outbound mail is typically even attempted to be
               | submitted to. Technically local delivery mail too, e.g.
               | where the From and the To headers are valid and have the
               | same domain.
        
               | TheDong wrote:
               | The 3 most common ISPs in the US are Comcast, Spectrum,
               | and AT&T
               | 
               | Comcast blocks port 25:
               | https://www.xfinity.com/support/articles/email-
               | port-25-no-lo...
               | 
               | AT&T says "port 25 may be blocked from customers with
               | dynamically-assigned Internet Protocol addresses", which
               | is the majority of customers
               | https://about.att.com/sites/broadband/network
               | 
               | What ISP are you using that isn't blocking port 25, and
               | have you never had the misfortune of being stuck with
               | comcast or AT&T as your only option?
        
               | prmoustache wrote:
               | Well I am not in the USA for a start but if it is blocked
               | it must be only inbound otherwise it would break
               | everybody.
        
               | jraph wrote:
               | > if it is blocked it must be only inbound
               | 
               | Yep, at least in France it's like this for ISPs doing
               | this IIRC.
        
               | flexagoon wrote:
               | You can, but most email providers will immediately reject
               | your email or put it into spam because of missing
               | DKIM/DMARC/SPF
        
           | ahoka wrote:
           | I have internal zones in my home network and requests to
           | resolve them never leave the private network. So no, it's not
           | meant to.
        
             | jraph wrote:
             | "Meant to" may indeed not be really accurate.
             | 
             | However, domains and host names were not designed to be
             | particularly private and should not be considered secret,
             | many things don't consider them private, so you should not
             | put anything sensible in a host name, even in a network
             | that's supposed private. Unless your private network is
             | completely air-gapped.
             | 
             | Now, I wouldn't be surprised that hostnames were in fact
             | originally expected to be explicitly public.
        
         | jeroenhd wrote:
         | The (somewhat affordable) productized NASes all suffer from big
         | tech diseases.
         | 
         | I think a lot of people underestimate how easy a "NAS" can be
         | made if you take a standard PC, install some form of desktop
         | Linux, and hit "share" on a folder. Something like TrueNAS or
         | one of its forks may also be an option if you're into that kind
         | of stuff.
         | 
         | If you want the fancy docker management web UI stuff with as
         | little maintenance as possible, you may still be in the NAS
         | market, but for a lot of people NAS just means "a big hard
         | drive all of my devices can access". From what I can tell the
         | best middle point between "what the box from the store offers"
         | and "how do build one yourself" is a (paid-for) NAS OS like
         | HexOS where analytics, tracking, and data sales are not used to
         | cover for race-to-the-bottom pricing.
        
           | zaptheimpaler wrote:
           | Actually I host everything on a linux PC/server, but a
           | different box runs PFSense and a local DNS resolver so I was
           | talking about setting up a split-brain DNS there. So I don't
           | have to manually edit the hosts file on every machine and
           | keep it up to date with IP changes. Personally I really like
           | docker compose, its made running the little homeserver very
           | easy.
        
             | jeroenhd wrote:
             | Personally, I've started just using mDNS/Bonjour for local
             | devices. Comes preinstalled on most devices (may need a
             | manual package on BSD/Linux servers) and doesn't require
             | any configuration. Just type in devicename.local and let
             | the network do the rest. You can even broadcast additional
             | device names for different services, so you don't need to
             | do plex.nas.local, but can just announce plex.local and
             | nas.local from the same machine.
             | 
             | There's a theoretical risk of MitM attacks for devices
             | reachable over self-signed certificates, but if someone
             | breaks into my (W)LAN, I'm going to assume I'm screwed
             | anyway.
             | 
             | I've used split-horizon DNS for a couple of years but it
             | kept breaking in annoying ways. My current setup (involving
             | the pihole web UI because I was sick of maintaining BIND
             | files) still breaks DNSSEC for my domain and I try to avoid
             | it when I can.
        
           | AndyMcConachie wrote:
           | The real trick, and the reason I don't build my own NAS, is
           | standby power usage. How much wattage will a self built Linux
           | box draw when it's not being used? It's not easy to figure
           | out, and it's not easy to build a NAS optimized for this.
           | 
           | Whereas Synology or other NAS manufacturers can tell me these
           | numbers exactly and people have reviewed the hardware and
           | tested it.
        
             | ssl-3 wrote:
             | To me, it's a question of time and money efficiency. (Time
             | is money.)
             | 
             | I can buy a NAS, whereby I pay money to enjoy someone
             | else's previous work of figuring it out. I pay for this
             | over and over again as my needs change and/or upgrades
             | happen.
             | 
             | Or
             | 
             | I can build a NAS, whereby I spend time to figure it out
             | myself. The gained knowledge that I retain in my notes and
             | my tiny little pea brain gets to be used over and over
             | again as needs change, and/or upgrades happen. And --
             | sometimes -- I even get paid to use this knowledge.
             | 
             | (I tend to choose the latter. YMMV.)
        
             | lstodd wrote:
             | There are power meters like KWS-303L that will tell you how
             | much manufacturers lie with their numbers.
             | 
             | For example my ancient tplink TL-WR842N router eats 15W
             | standby or no, while my main box, fans, backlight, gpu,
             | hdds and stuff -- about 80W idle.
             | 
             | Looking at Synology site the only power I see there is the
             | psu rating, which is 90W for DS425. So you can expect real
             | power consumption of about 30-40W. Which is typical for
             | just about any NUC or a budget ATX motherboard with a low-
             | tier AMD-something + a bunch of HDDs.
        
           | prmoustache wrote:
           | I don't even understand what kind of webui one would want.
           | 
           | All you really need is a bunch of disk and an operating
           | system with an ssh server. Even the likes of samba and nfs
           | aren't even useful anymore.
        
             | jeroenhd wrote:
             | A bunch of out-of-the-box NAS manufacturers provide a web-
             | based OS-like shell with file managers, document editors,
             | as well as an "app store" for containers and services.
             | 
             | I see the traditional "RAID with a SMB share" NAS devices
             | less and less in stores.
             | 
             | If only storage target mode[1] had some form of
             | authentication, it'd make setting up a barebones NAS an
             | absolute breeze.
             | 
             | [1]: https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/257/s
             | ystemd...
        
               | Nextgrid wrote:
               | Storage target mode is block-level, not filesystem-level,
               | meaning it won't support concurrent access and any
               | network hiccup or dropped connection will leave the
               | filesystem in an unclean state.
        
               | simoncion wrote:
               | > ...any network hiccup or dropped connection will leave
               | the filesystem in an unclean state.
               | 
               | Given that the docs claim that this is an implementation
               | of an official NVMe thing, I'd be very surprised if it
               | had absolutely no facility for recovering from
               | intermittent network failure. "The network is unreliable"
               | [0] is axiom #1 for anyone who's building something that
               | needs to go over a network.
               | 
               | If what you report is true, then is the suckage because
               | of SystemD's poor implementation, or because the thing
               | it's implementing is totally defective?
               | 
               | [0] Yes, datacenter (and even home) networks can be very
               | reliable. They cannot be 100% reliable and -in my
               | professional experience- are _substantially_ less than
               | 100% reliable.  "Your disks get turbofucked if the
               | network ever so much as burps" is unacceptable for
               | something you expect people to actually use for real.
        
             | Gigachad wrote:
             | File history, sharing and user management are some of the
             | common ones I can think of.
        
       | ggm wrote:
       | Reverse address lookup servers routinely see escaped attempts to
       | resolve ULA and rfc1918. If you can tie the resolver to other
       | valid data, you know inside state.
       | 
       | Public services see one way (no TCP return flow possible) from
       | almost any source IP. If you can tie that from other corroborated
       | data, the same: you see packets from "inside" all the time.
       | 
       | Darknet collection during final /8 run-down captured audio in
       | UDP.
       | 
       | Firewalls? ACLs? Pah. Humbug.
        
         | _gmax1 wrote:
         | "Darknet collection during final /8 run-down captured audio in
         | UDP."
         | 
         | Mind elaborating on this? SIP traffic from which year?
        
           | LtdJorge wrote:
           | RTP I'd say
        
           | ggm wrote:
           | 2010/2011 time frame. Google and others helped sink the
           | traffic, all written up at apnic labs. It's how 1.1.1.0/24
           | got held back from general release.
        
             | advisedwang wrote:
             | e.g.
             | https://www.potaroo.net/studies/103-slash8/103-slash8.pdf
             | and https://conference.apnic.net/news-
             | archives/2010/network-1/as...
        
       | atmosx wrote:
       | I bought a SynologyNAS and I have regretted already 3-4 times.
       | Apart from the software made available from the community, there
       | is very little one can do with this thing.
       | 
       | Using LE to apply SSL to services? Complicated. Non standard
       | paths, custom distro, everything hidden (you can't figure out
       | where to place the ssl cert of how to restart the service, etc).
       | Of course you will figure it out if you spent 50 hours... but
       | why?
       | 
       | Don't get me started with the old rsync version, lack of midnight
       | commander and/or other utils.
       | 
       | I should have gone with something that runs proper Linux or BSD.
        
         | tetris11 wrote:
         | (Copied from an earlier comment of mine)
         | 
         | There are guides on how to mainline Synology NAS's to run up-
         | to-date debian on them: https://forum.doozan.com/list.php
        
         | PunchyHamster wrote:
         | You wanted a server and complain NAS is not just a server.
        
           | Gud wrote:
           | More like, user wanted an open operating system but chose a
           | proprietary one.
        
           | atmosx wrote:
           | NAS is the primary function. But yes, I want full linux
           | server that I can decide what to install and which protocol
           | to use to upload and/or download files.
        
             | criddell wrote:
             | Why not just leave the NAS to be a NAS and get a separate
             | server? You're probably better off not trying to overload
             | the NAS to be everything.
        
               | ssl-3 wrote:
               | Can you provide some details about this overloading
               | concept?
        
               | Hikikomori wrote:
               | Why do I want two things when I can have one? Newer nases
               | with n100 or similar are pretty powerful for the
               | cost/package.
        
             | lurking_swe wrote:
             | is there a reason you didn't consider one of the uGreen
             | NAS's?
        
         | reddalo wrote:
         | I'm so happy I didn't buy a NAS, Synology or not. I think a
         | proper computer running Linux gives me so much more
         | flexibility.
        
           | butvacuum wrote:
           | that's still a NAS.
        
         | paffdragon wrote:
         | You can run a container on Synology and install your custom
         | services, tools there. At least that is what I do. For custom
         | kernel modules you still need a Synology package for something
         | like Wireguard.
         | 
         | If you have OPNSense, it has an ACME plugin with Synology
         | action. I use that to automatically renew and push a cert to
         | the NAS.
         | 
         | That said, since I like to tinker, Synology feels a bit
         | restricted, indeed. Although there is some value in a stable
         | core system (like these immutable distros from Fedora Atomic).
        
           | Arrowmaster wrote:
           | The extremely old kernel on Synology makes it hard or
           | impossible to run some containers.
        
             | paffdragon wrote:
             | I have a fairly recent DS920+ and never had issues with
             | containers - I have probably 10+ containers on it -
             | grafana, victoriametrics/logs, jellyfin, immich with ML, my
             | custom ubuntu toolboxes for net, media, ffmpeg builds,
             | gluetun for vpn, homeassistant, wallabag,...
             | 
             | Edit: I just checked Grafana and cadvisor reports 23
             | containers.
             | 
             | Edit2: 4.4.302+ (2022) is my kernel version, there might be
             | specific tools that require more recent kernels, of course,
             | but I was so far lucky enough to not run into those.
        
         | tgpc wrote:
         | please don't do this to your synology
         | 
         | leave it to serve files and iscsi. it's very good at it
         | 
         | if you leave it alone, no extra software, it will basically be
         | completely stable. it's really impressive
        
           | aetherspawn wrote:
           | Second this, just use it for files, it's great for it. 10+
           | years uptime if you leave it alone.
        
         | joshstrange wrote:
         | Unless you know what you are walking into ahead of time I would
         | not recommend Synology to someone who wants to host a bunch of
         | stuff and also wants a NAS. I don't touch any of the
         | container/apps stuff on my Synology(s), they are simply file
         | servers for my application server. For this purpose, I find
         | Synology rock solid and I've been very happy with them.
         | 
         | That said, I'll probably try out the UniFi NAS offerings in the
         | near future. I believe Synology has semi-walked-back its
         | draconian hard drive policy but I don't trust them to not try
         | that again later. And because I only use my Synology as a NAS I
         | can switch to something else relatively easily, as long as I
         | can mount it on my app server, I'm golden.
        
         | alexalx666 wrote:
         | I bought Synology RS217 for $100 last year and it's the best
         | tech purchase I made in years. The software it comes with is
         | the best web interface I experienced in years. The simplicity,
         | stability and attention to detail reminds me of old macs. I
         | have macmini as application server and did not expect to use
         | Synology for anything but file storage / replication. However
         | it comes with a great torrent client that I use all the time
         | now. We also use Synology Office instead of google docs now. It
         | exceeded all my expectations and when it dies, I will
         | immediately buy one of the new rack stations they offer.
        
         | tbyehl wrote:
         | > Using LE to apply SSL to services? Complicated.
         | 
         | https://github.com/JessThrysoee/synology-letsencrypt
         | 
         | > there is very little one can do with this thing.
         | 
         | It has a VMM and Docker. Entware / opkg exist for it. There's
         | very little that can't be done, but expecting to use an
         | appliance that happens to be Linux-based as a generic Linux
         | server is going to lead to challenges. Be it Synology, TrueNAS,
         | or anything else.
        
       | renewiltord wrote:
       | Haha, this obtuse way of speech is such a classic FAANG move. I
       | wonder if it's because of internal corporate style comms. Patio11
       | also talks like this. Maybe because Stripe is pretty much a
       | private FAANG.
        
       | ashu1461 wrote:
       | Isn't the article over emphasising a little bit on leakage of
       | internal urls ?
       | 
       | Internal hostnames leaking is real, but in practice it's just one
       | tiny slice of a much larger problem: names and metadata leak
       | everywhere - logs, traces, code, monitoring tools etc etc.
        
         | reddalo wrote:
         | In other words: never put sensitive information in names and
         | metadata.
        
           | dmichulke wrote:
           | Or name them after little bobby tables.
           | 
           | Is there some sort of injection that's a legal host name?
        
             | jerf wrote:
             | DNS naming rules for non-Unicode are letters, numbers, and
             | hyphens only, and the hyphens can't start or stop the
             | domain. Unicode is implemented on top of that through
             | punycode. It's possible a series of bugs would allow you to
             | punycode some sort of injection character through into
             | something but it would require a chain of faulty software.
             | Not an impossibly long chain of faulty software by any
             | means, but a chain rather than just a single vulnerability.
             | Punycode encoders are supposed leave ASCII characters as
             | ASCII characters, which means ASCII characters illegal in
             | DNS can't be made legal by punycoding them legally. I
             | checked the spec and I don't see anything for a decoder
             | rejecting something that jams one in, but I also can't tell
             | if it's even possible to encode a normal ASCII character;
             | it's a very complicated spec. Things that receive that
             | domain ought to reject it, if it is possible to encode it.
             | And then it still has to end up somewhere vulnerable after
             | that.
        
               | m3047 wrote:
               | Rules are just rules. You can put things in a domain name
               | which don't work as hostnames. Really the only place this
               | is enforced by policy is at the public registrar level.
               | Only place I've run into it at the code level is in a
               | SCADA platform blocking a CNAME record (which followed
               | "legal" hostname rules) pointing to something which
               | didn't. The platform uses jython / python2 as its
               | scripting layer; it's java; it's a special real-time
               | java: plenty of places to look for what goes wrong, I
               | didn't bother.
               | 
               | People should know that they should treat the contents of
               | their logs as unsanitized data... right? A decade ago I
               | actually looked at this in the context of a (commercial)
               | passive DNS, and it appeared that most of the stuff which
               | wasn't a "valid" hostname was filtered before it went to
               | the customers.
        
         | icedchai wrote:
         | Is it a real problem? My internal hostnames resolve to RFC-1918
         | addresses and I have a firewall. If I wasn't so lazy, I'd use
         | split DNS.
        
       | mixedbit wrote:
       | I have investigated similar situation on Heroku. Heroku assigns a
       | random subdomain suffix for each new app, so URLs of apps are
       | hard to guess and look like this: test-
       | app-28a8490db018.herokuapp.com. I have noticed that as soon as a
       | new Heroku app is created, without making any requests to the app
       | that could leak the URL via a DNS lookup, the app is hit by
       | requests from automatic vulnerability scanning tools. Heroku
       | confirmed that this is due the new app URL being published in
       | certificate authority logs, which are actively monitored by
       | vulnerability scanners.
        
         | nightpool wrote:
         | Really? Is that new? My apps use wildcard domains:
         | https://i.postimg.cc/SQ82S0Dp/image.png
        
           | mixedbit wrote:
           | This applies only to Heroku Fir and Cedar apps (apps that run
           | in Heroku Private Spaces). Heroku Common Runtime apps still
           | use shared wildcard certificate and their domains are not
           | discoverable like this.
        
         | adolph wrote:
         | > certificate authority logs, which are actively monitored by
         | vulnerability scanners
         | 
         | That sounds like a large kick-me sign taped to every new
         | service. Reading how certificate transparency (CT) works leads
         | me to think that there was a missed opportunity to publish
         | hashes to the logs instead of the actual certificate data. That
         | way a browser performing a certificate check can verify in CT,
         | but a spammer can't monitor CT for new domains.
         | 
         | https://certificate.transparency.dev/howctworks/
        
       | notpushkin wrote:
       | https://archive.ph/siEdE
        
       | mike-cardwell wrote:
       | Only way I can think of protecting against this is to put a
       | reverse proxy in front of it, like Nginx, and inject CSP headers
       | to prevent cross site requests. Wouldn't block the NAS server
       | side from making external calls, but would prevent your browser
       | doing it for them as is the case here. Also would prevent stuff
       | like Google Analytics if they have it. If you set up a proxy, you
       | could also give it a local hostname like nas.local or something
       | with a cert signed by your private CA that Nginx knows about, and
       | then point the real hostname at Nginx, which has the wildcard
       | cert.
       | 
       | Bit of a pain to set this all up though. I run a number of
       | services on my home network and I always stick Nginx in front
       | with a restrictive CSP policy, and then open that policy up as
       | needed. For example, I'm running Home Assistant, and I have the
       | Steam plugin, which I assume is responsible for requests from my
       | browser like for:
       | https://avatars.steamstatic.com/HASH_medium.jpg, which are being
       | blocked by my injected CSP policy
       | 
       | P.S. I might decide to let that steam request through so I can
       | see avatars in the UI. I also inject "Referrer-Policy: no-
       | referrer", so if I do decide to do that, at least they wont see
       | my HA hostname in there logs by default.
        
         | dd_xplore wrote:
         | NPM is pretty painless
        
         | RamRodification wrote:
         | ATM machine
        
       | rini17 wrote:
       | Fancy web interfaces are road to hell. Do simplest thing that
       | works. Plain apache or nginx with webdav, basic auth(proven code,
       | minimal attack surface). Maybe firewall with ip_hashlimit on new
       | connections. I have it set to 2/minute and for browser it's
       | actually fine, while moronic bots make new connection for every
       | request. When they improve, there's always fail2ban.
       | 
       | That the nas server incl. hostname is public does not bother me
       | then.
        
       | cwillu wrote:
       | Just getting 404 not found
        
       | yabones wrote:
       | Stuff like this is why I consider uBlock Origin to be the bare
       | minimum security software for going on the web. The amount of 3rd
       | party scripts running on most pages, constantly leaking data to
       | everybody listening, is just mind boggling.
       | 
       | It's treating a symptom rather than a disease, but what else can
       | we do?
        
         | behringer wrote:
         | I also have taken to using adguard home on the router. It
         | blocks 15 or 20 percent of all my traffic. It's quite scary how
         | bad the tracking and other nasties has become.
        
       | ck2 wrote:
       | that's actually a great spy trap idea, no?
       | 
       | create an impossible internal hostname and watch for it to come
       | back to you
       | 
       | you don't even need a real TLD if I am not mistaken, use .ZZZ etc
        
         | happyopossum wrote:
         | > you don't even need a real TLD if I am not mistaken, use .ZZZ
         | etc
         | 
         | if it's not a real TLD, you won't ever see the dns requests
         | coming to you...
        
       | andix wrote:
       | Hostnames are not private information. There are too many ways
       | how they get leaked to the outside world.
       | 
       | It can be useful to hide a private service behind a URL that
       | isn't easy to guess (less attack surfaces, because a lot of
       | attackers can't find the service). But it needs to be inside the
       | URL path, not the hostname.                 bad: my-hidden-
       | fileservice-007-abc123.example.com/       good:
       | fileservice.example.com/my-hidden-service-007-abc123/
       | 
       | In the first example the name is leaked with DNS queries, TLS
       | certificates and many other possibilities. In the second example
       | the secret path is only transmitted via HTTPS and doesn't leak as
       | easy.
        
         | amichal wrote:
         | Marginally better for sure but in this case the path would also
         | have been "leaked" to the sentry instance owned by developers
         | of the the NAS device phoning home. This can happen in zillions
         | of ways and is a good reason to use relatively opaque urls in
         | generally and not "friendly ids" and generally being careful
         | abou putting secrets in URLs.
        
           | andix wrote:
           | Just try it. The first example gets attacked by bots nearly
           | immediately after issuing a TLS cert. The second one usually
           | doesn't get detected at all.
        
             | Kwpolska wrote:
             | What if you have a wildcard cert for *.example.com?
        
               | andix wrote:
               | Much better. But you still leave traces from dns queries.
               | 
               | Subfinder has a lot of sources to find subdomains, not
               | only certs: https://github.com/projectdiscovery/subfinder
        
         | Wowfunhappy wrote:
         | Curious, does this still apply if http is used exclusively?
        
       | superkuh wrote:
       | I love that this write-up is hosted both on HTTP and HTTPS. I
       | cannot access the HTTPS version but the HTTP display just fine.
       | Now that's reliability.
        
         | DANmode wrote:
         | > I cannot access the HTTPS version
         | 
         | Curiosity begs: why not?
        
           | superkuh wrote:
           | I opened it on an old computer with an old linux distro with
           | an old browser because old linux distros have reliable and
           | working accessibility features like screen readers and good
           | non-gpu text to speech and advanced keyboard/mouse sharing.
           | Modern linux distros do not. Don't worry, I have javascript
           | execution/etc turned off by default on that machine.
        
       | trjordan wrote:
       | Having recently set up sentry, at least one of the ways they use
       | this is to auto-configure uptime monitoring.
       | 
       | Once they know what hosts you run, it'll ping that hostname
       | periodically. If it stays up and stable for a couple days, you'll
       | get an alert in product: "Set up uptime monitoring on
       | <hostname>?"
       | 
       | Whether you think this is valid, useful, acceptable, etc. is left
       | as an exercise to the reader.
        
         | Linkd wrote:
         | Expansion opportunities
        
       | rcakebread wrote:
       | TIL Rachel uses a Mac.
        
         | audience_mem wrote:
         | How do you know?
        
           | JSR_FDED wrote:
           | Little Snitch?
        
       | linhns wrote:
       | Well somehow Rachel's website is not sending back any response
       | now.
        
       | m3047 wrote:
       | This is exactly why I have a number of "appliances" which never
       | get clown updates: have addresses in a subnet I block at the
       | segment edge, have DNS which never answers, and there are a few
       | entries in the "DNS firewall" [0] (RPZ) which mostly serve as
       | canaries.
       | 
       | This is the problem with the notion that "in the name of
       | securitah IoT devices should phone home for updates": nobody said
       | "...and map my network in the name of security"
       | 
       | [0] Don't confuse this with Rachel's honeypot wildcarding
       | *.nothing-special.whatever.example.com for external use.
        
       | alimoeeny wrote:
       | I personally have been blocking sentry and all relevant domains
       | on my machines. I understand this is not a generally applicable
       | advice. For me that's the right choice
        
       | HocusLocus wrote:
       | The Clown is my master
       | 
       | I've been chosen!
       | 
       | Eeeeeeeeeah!
        
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       (page generated 2026-02-05 23:00 UTC)