[HN Gopher] Data centers in space makes no sense
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       Data centers in space makes no sense
        
       Author : ajyoon
       Score  : 50 points
       Date   : 2026-02-03 19:37 UTC (3 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (civai.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (civai.org)
        
       | Bender wrote:
       | AI data-centers use upwards of 100MW. The biggest solar panels in
       | space could produce around 240KW. When they speak of AI data-
       | centers in space what do they actually mean in realistic non
       | theoretical terms and where are the materials for this coming
       | from?
       | 
       | If the AI data-center used only 10MW then each could have two
       | redundant SMR's assuming the cooling challenges have been worked
       | out but then we could have nuclear reactor disposal and collision
       | issues.
        
         | shetaye wrote:
         | I assume the idea is to have the entire constellation be the
         | data center in question. Laser back haul transceiver bandwidth
         | is in the same order of magnitude of rack-to-rack bandwidths
         | [1][2]. I could see each sat being a rack and the entire mesh
         | being a cluster.
         | 
         | [1] https://hackaday.com/2024/02/05/starlinks-inter-satellite-
         | la... (and this is two years ago!) [2]
         | https://resources.nvidia.com/en-us-accelerated-networking-re...
        
       | Starman_Jones wrote:
       | Very confused by this plan. Data centers on Earth are struggling
       | with how to get rid of waste heat. It's really, really hard to
       | get rid of waste heat in space. That seems to be about the worst
       | possible place to put a data center.
        
         | palmotea wrote:
         | That's not Elon's problem. He's an ideas guy. Data centers in
         | space is definitely an idea.
        
           | Mordisquitos wrote:
           | Indeed. I would go so far as to assert that, of all the ideas
           | that have ever been proposed in the history of humanity, data
           | centres in space is most certainly one of them.
        
         | Keyframe wrote:
         | _Very confused by this plan._
         | 
         | How about now? https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/ce3ex92557jo
        
           | general1465 wrote:
           | Well this explains why, but does not answer how to get rid of
           | excessive heat in space.
        
         | Spooky23 wrote:
         | It's a distraction as they suck out as much value from Tesla as
         | possible before the music stops and they go bust. There are a
         | few really big IPOs this year including SpaceX, which will
         | likely trigger significant market volatility.
        
         | general1465 wrote:
         | Well the issue is that a lot of people believe that space is
         | cold. If you will ask Google/Gemini what is a temperature of
         | space, it will tell you:
         | 
         |  _The average temperature of deep space is approximately
         | -270.45degC or 2.73 Kelvin), which is just above absolute zero.
         | This baseline temperature is set by the Cosmic Microwave
         | Background (CMB) radiatio..._
         | 
         | Which is absolute nonsense, because vacuum has no temperature.
        
       | izzydata wrote:
       | How about we just make a giant heatsink that reaches into space
       | instead. Then we can cool the whole planet. Coming up with crazy
       | ideas is cheap, but the logistics are obviously impractical.
        
         | 0x53 wrote:
         | Look into radiative cooling. Basically this, but more
         | practical. Several companies working on it:
         | https://www.skycoolsystems.com/
        
           | grim_io wrote:
           | I don't quite believe this.
           | 
           | Is it really better than just using solar panels to run a
           | heat pump?
        
       | RobotToaster wrote:
       | It possibly makes sense if you're preparing for war, harder to
       | hit, harder to physically break into, beyond the range of nuclear
       | EMP, and accessible from anywhere on earth.
        
         | Mountain_Skies wrote:
         | Any country capable of producing nuclear warheads will also be
         | able to toss up enough BBs and other small objects into LEO to
         | wipe out most of Starlink and anything else in LEO. At least on
         | Earth data centers in theory can be hidden and physically
         | hardened. In orbit, even a crude rocket able to reach that
         | plane can become a weapon of mass satellite destruction. Even
         | if those orbits clear out in four or five years, by then
         | whatever ugliness is going on down on the surface of Earth will
         | likely have resolved one way or the other. Starlink is a great
         | military asset for a superpower pushing around smaller states
         | in ways that aren't an existential threat to them. In a real
         | conflict, it's a fragile target beyond the strike capacities of
         | much of the developing world but easily destroyed by any
         | moderate level industrial nation.
        
           | philipkglass wrote:
           | _Any country capable of producing nuclear warheads will also
           | be able to toss up enough BBs and other small objects into
           | LEO to wipe out most of Starlink and anything else in LEO._
           | 
           | South Africa built nuclear weapons in the 1980s:
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa_and_weapons_of_ma.
           | ..
           | 
           | But it never had an orbital launch capability.
           | 
           | Pakistan doesn't have a domestic orbital launch capability
           | but it does have nuclear weapons.
           | 
           | Surprisingly, the United Kingdom doesn't have a domestic
           | orbital launch capability at present though it has had
           | ballistic missiles and nuclear weapons for many decades.
           | 
           | At present, I would say that building a basic implosion-
           | assembled atomic bomb is easier than building a rocket system
           | that reach low Earth orbit. It's a lot easier to build a bomb
           | now than it was in the 1940s. The main thing that prevents
           | wider nuclear weapon proliferation is treaties and
           | inspections, not inherent technical difficulties.
        
           | proggy wrote:
           | Satellites. Are. Fragile. People really don't seem to
           | intuitively understand this. Earth based assets are orders of
           | magnitude more difficult to attack simply by virtue of being
           | able to be placed inside of fortified structures anchored to,
           | or inside of, the ground. The cost to deploy hardened
           | buildings at scale is peanuts compared to orbiting
           | constellations.
        
         | general1465 wrote:
         | You don't need EMP for that. Few ASAT missiles will start the
         | avalanche and turn orbits around Earth into shooting range.
         | Good luck talking to your satellites with shredded antennas and
         | solar panels.
        
       | shishcat wrote:
       | how much latency would a minecraft server in space have?
        
         | wmf wrote:
         | With live migration it could be quite low, like 10 ms.
        
       | sheepscreek wrote:
       | What's there not to like? Superconductors. Free electricity. No
       | cooling necessary.
       | 
       | Put those three together and _maybe_ it's possible to push
       | physics to its limits. Faster networking, maybe 4x-5x capacity
       | per unit compared to earth. Servicing is a pain, might be cheaper
       | to just replace the hardware when a node goes bad.
       | 
       | But it mainly makes sense to those who have the capability and
       | can do it cheaply (compared to the rest). There's only one
       | company that I can think of and that is SpaceX. They are closing
       | in on (or passed) 8,000 satellites. Vertical integration means
       | their cost-base will always be less than any competitor.
        
         | DougN7 wrote:
         | Why is there no cooling necessary?
        
           | sheepscreek wrote:
           | Space is cold - 4 K. Superconductors.
        
             | grim_io wrote:
             | Repeating the word "superconductor" does not convince
             | anyone of anything.
        
         | pgalvin wrote:
         | Do you mean to suggest that computer hardware does not need to
         | be cooled when it is in space? Or that it is trivial and easier
         | to do this in space compared to on Earth? I don't understand
         | either claim, if so.
        
           | sheepscreek wrote:
           | Superconductors. Average temperature in space is around 4 K.
        
             | cyberax wrote:
             | Even assuming that this la-la-land idea has merit, the
             | equilibrium temperature at the Earth's orbit is 250 Kelvin
             | (around -20C). The space around the Earth is _hot_.
        
         | jasonpeacock wrote:
         | > No cooling necessary.
         | 
         | This is false, it's hard to cool things in space. Space
         | (vacuum) is a very good insulator.
         | 
         | 3 are ways to cool things (lose energy):                 -
         | Conduction       - Convection       - Radiation
         | 
         | In space, only radiation works, and it's the least efficient of
         | those 3 options.
        
           | sheepscreek wrote:
           | Superconductors.
        
             | IshKebab wrote:
             | Magnets.
             | 
             | (We're just saying random physics things right?)
        
         | tenuousemphasis wrote:
         | Your exuberance for this topic is only matched by your lack of
         | understanding about it.
        
         | browningstreet wrote:
         | Do you know the lifespan of those satellites? Do you know how
         | many of those fall out (sorry, de-orbited) of space every year?
         | 
         | Do you know the cost of sending up a payload of them?
         | 
         | Do you know how much $$ you need to extract from those payloads
         | to make the cost of sending them up make sense?
         | 
         | Do you know how much they've lied about Starlink revenue and
         | subscription counts?
        
       | antonymoose wrote:
       | To Steelman the topic, Musk's whole alleged mission is to make
       | humans a multi-planet species that can survive an earth killing
       | event.
       | 
       | To that end, a small data center space isn't about unit-
       | economics, it's a bigger mission. So the question we should
       | consider is what can we put into space the further that mission.
       | Can we put a meaningful sum of human knowledge out there for
       | preservation? It sounds like "yes," even if we can't train
       | ChatGPT models out there yet.
        
         | redwood wrote:
         | Sure but you could do that with a simple disc in space
        
           | mongol wrote:
           | Actually, the data centers can be the discs. As long as the
           | data centers can crunch on, we don't need to stay alive here
           | on earth
        
         | awakeasleep wrote:
         | When I was a kid, I had to go to CCD, a religious after school
         | program for Catholics.
         | 
         | The whole time I was there it was a mental game of trying to
         | steel man the contradictory or incoherent stuff, using my brain
         | power to try and rewrite things to make sense.
         | 
         | After some years, I woke up and realized that's what I was
         | doing, and even if I could do it in my mind, that didn't make
         | the source material rational.
         | 
         | Heres hoping you have a similar moment.
        
           | antonymoose wrote:
           | > Heres hoping you have a similar moment.
           | 
           | I do not politically align with Musk. I've always thought
           | Tesla was important in popularizing electric cars while being
           | a low-quality built product with repair and supply chain
           | issues. I think The Boring Company is a joke. Twitter was a
           | power-grab.
           | 
           | I also think SpaceX is societally beneficial, a good means to
           | shake-up a stagnant industry and a humanity-wide area of
           | interest.
           | 
           | If you think I'm a member of a religious cult, I respectfully
           | suggest you evaluate what led You to believe that itself.
        
         | mongol wrote:
         | Let's say there is an earth killing event, and let's say there
         | is an outpost on Mars with some people on it. How much does it
         | really matter that some humans survive, in light of the
         | enormous catastrohophe that killed all life on earth? Is it a
         | very worthwhile objective for our species to persist a while
         | longer, or should we not just accept that also life itself will
         | will die out on geological or astronomical time scales?
        
           | antonymoose wrote:
           | I would suppose there is a gap we face between true species-
           | wide survival capability and where we sit today. I have no
           | true idea how hard we must go to bridge that gap, but it's
           | quite hard and far.
           | 
           | I also see no reason to "lay down and die" as I feel is
           | somewhat implied here. I think it's a truly noble cause, but
           | maybe I read too much sci-fi as a young lad.
        
         | gf000 wrote:
         | Musk's whole mission is to scam even more people. Unfortunately
         | people still buy his bullshit even though he couldn't deliver
         | on anything, and just converts one failure to hyping up his
         | next idiotic product.
         | 
         | (Yes, I know what steel manning is)
        
           | jsumrall wrote:
           | Couldn't deliver on anything?
        
         | grim_io wrote:
         | A data center in space is probably toast after some years of
         | space radiation.
         | 
         | High performance chips are made for the shielded atmosphere.
         | Imagine the cost launching all the extra shielding that you
         | don't need on earth.
         | 
         | It is beyond stupid. Comical levels. I can't believe people are
         | trying to find any justification.
        
           | antonymoose wrote:
           | I'm not the right type of engineer to know and, hell,
           | software largely isn't engineering anyway...
           | 
           | Can you not provide any type of shielding at scale to wrap a
           | (small, not Google tier) data center? To be honest my
           | criticism with TFA is its focus on "you can't do massive
           | scale" rather than the premise entirely.
        
       | redwood wrote:
       | I'd be curious to know simply how large the thermal radiator
       | necessary to keep a typical GPU server cooled would be. Do they
       | completely dwarf the server size? Can you do something with some
       | esoteric material that is not particularly load-bearing but holds
       | up well in space to get around some of these challenges?
        
       | heisenbit wrote:
       | Data centers in space are the logical progression from the multi
       | trillion business of m2m and edge computing. It removes all
       | physical limits to investment.
        
         | gf000 wrote:
         | You mean physical reality
        
       | ortusdux wrote:
       | Is there any insight into how Starlink solved cooling? One
       | 'expert' insisted that there is no reason to expect that data
       | center satellites would generate any more heat than starlinks.
        
         | thfuran wrote:
         | Those have a power budget of about 1 rack. I would expect a
         | datacenter satellite to need more cooling if it has more
         | compute.
        
       | retube wrote:
       | It's lala land nonsense.
       | 
       | - Data centres need a lot of power = giant vast solar panels
       | 
       | - Data centres need a lot of cooling. That's some almighty
       | heatsinks you're going need
       | 
       | - They will need to be radiation-hardened to avoid memory
       | corruption = even more mass
       | 
       | - The hardware will be redundant in like 2 years tops and will
       | need replacing to stay competitive
       | 
       | - Data centres are about 100x bigger (not including solar panels
       | and heat sinks) than the biggest thing we've ever put in space
       | 
       | Tesla is losing market share (and rank increasingly poorly
       | against alternatives), his robots are gonna fail, this datacentre
       | ambition needs to break the laws of physics, grok/twitter is a
       | fake news pedo-loving cesspit that's gonna be regulated into
       | oblivion. Its only down from here on out.
        
         | cyberax wrote:
         | > - The hardware will be redundant in like 2 years tops and
         | will need replacing to stay competitive
         | 
         | Hey! It can be de-orbited onto the location of your choosing. I
         | bet you can sell this service to the DoD!
         | 
         | Barring that, you can sell it on the global market to the
         | highest bidder.
        
         | geoffeg wrote:
         | Maybe instead of housing life, civilizations develop Dyson's
         | spheres to house data centers. Solar panels on the interior,
         | thermal radiators on the exterior and the data centers make up
         | the structure in between. Combine that Von Neumann probes and
         | you've got a fun new Fermi paradox hypothesis!
        
       | Terr_ wrote:
       | I'm convinced that >30% of this comes from ideas leaking out of
       | fiction such as like _Neuromancer_ , and percolating through the
       | minds of wealthy people attracted to some of the concepts.
       | Namely, the dream of being a hyper-wealthy dynasty, above any
       | earthly government, controlling an extraterritorial Las Vegas
       | Fiefdom In Space. (Which in the book, _also_ hosted a powerful
       | AI.)
       | 
       | Then they work backwards, trying to figure out some economic
       | engine to make it happen. "Data centers" are (A) in-vogue for
       | investment right now and (B) vaguely plausible, at least compared
       | to having a space-casino.
        
         | turtletontine wrote:
         | I've come to think of interviews with people like Sam Altman as
         | "freestyle science fiction." They're just saying stuff off the
         | top of their head. Like you say, that often entails vague ideas
         | from other sci fi percolating up and out, with no consideration
         | of if they actually make sense. And like most freestyle, it's
         | usually pretty bad.
        
           | Spooky23 wrote:
           | That is possible because DOGE and their comrades gutted the
           | SEC and indirectly FINRA like a fish. The government is run
           | by confidence men running crypto scams.
           | 
           | That's how the CFO of OpenAI can essentially say "we need a
           | Federal bailout", and then turn around and say "lol just
           | joking".
        
         | mbb70 wrote:
         | That's not fair! Sometimes the ideas come from Snow Crash,
         | which gave us the Metaverse because Zuckerberg wanted to cut a
         | guy in half with a katana from a motorcycle.
        
       | ozim wrote:
       | *Data centers in space only make sense if they are cost effective
       | relative to normal data centers*.
       | 
       | Disagree there are bunch of scenarios where Data Centers in space
       | make sense. Like nuclear annihilation and having vaults across
       | the globe to communicate and get back lost information because
       | ground data centers would be wiped out by EMP from blasts.
        
         | proggy wrote:
         | Has it occurred to _anyone_ that you can put computers
         | underground? In this apocalyptic scenario you are describing,
         | how do you expect the ground based command and control
         | infrastructure to survive? Satellites are 100% reliant on
         | ground based operations. That is a hard requirement. And if you
         | put the command and control underground, might as well just
         | skip the whole space based plan and just put the data
         | underground.
        
           | grim_io wrote:
           | And here I thought Musk's fans are all about digging holes in
           | the ground. The flamethrower fumes might have caused
           | temporary amnesia.
        
           | ozim wrote:
           | Why is it hard requirement?
           | 
           | You can make some part of operations on high orbit that won't
           | decay as much then more ops on lower orbits that decay
           | faster.
           | 
           | If you put stuff underground it is much harder to
           | communicate.
        
         | 0cf8612b2e1e wrote:
         | After the bulk of humanity is wiped out, it will be a comfort
         | that I can still use AI to generate dank memes.
        
       | wmf wrote:
       | Counterpoint: https://x.com/CJHandmer/status/1997906033168330816
       | 
       | (If you can't xcancel it yourself your hacker card is revoked.)
        
         | burkaman wrote:
         | This is not a counterpoint, it is a post discussing the same
         | topic but it doesn't address any of the points in this article.
        
         | turtletontine wrote:
         | That post does not appear to address or acknowledge any of
         | these problems: 1) thermal management in space, 2) radiation
         | degrading the onboard silicon, 3) you can't upgrade data
         | centers in orbit
        
       | arjie wrote:
       | It doesn't make any sense to me either, but there are lots of
       | things like that where the other thing is harder. As an example,
       | a thing people say online a lot is something like "Why do the
       | techbros build self-driving cars instead of just putting it on
       | rails for efficiency and then they could call it a TRAIN?"
       | 
       | The answer to that is that coordination problems are really hard.
       | Much harder even than what are currently unsolved engineering
       | problems. In fact, SpaceX can only launch from California because
       | they have DOD coverage for their launches. Otherwise the
       | California Coastal Commission et al. would have blocked them
       | entirely. Perhaps the innovation for affordable space Internet is
       | combining it with mixed-use technology.
       | 
       | The truth is that in America today self-driving cars (regulated
       | by a state board run by bureaucrats) are easier to build than
       | trains (regulated by every property owner on the train route).
       | Mark Zuckerberg tried to spend some money evaluating a train
       | across the Bay and had to give up. But Robotaxi service is live
       | in San Francisco.
       | 
       | So if there is an angle that makes sense to me it's that they
       | anticipate engineering challenges beatable in a way where
       | regulatory challenges are not.
        
       | wrs wrote:
       | Next up, the Boring Company gets imaginary contract for
       | _underground_ datacenters, is now valued at $500B.
        
         | m463 wrote:
         | there was an article recently about a company wanting to put
         | nuclear reactors at the bottom of very deep boreholes (like km
         | deep).
         | 
         | I thought that was actually quite interesting/practical,
         | because if there is a problem, you can just bury the problem.
         | 
         | not like tmi/fukushima/chernobyl
        
       | sollewitt wrote:
       | The bigger issue: datacenters in space are disposable. All the
       | extremely recyclable aluminum, silica - you extract it,
       | manufacture it and instead of recycling it when it's done you
       | incinerate it in the atmosphere and scatter the ashes far and
       | wide across the earth, the harder to recapture later.
       | 
       | You do this when the most fragile part in the system fails. Solar
       | panels good for 25 years but the SSDs burn out after 2?
       | Incinerate the lot!
       | 
       | This kind of thinking is late capitalist brain rot. This kind of
       | waste should be a crime.
        
       | marze wrote:
       | If you read these comments carefully, you see that they can all
       | be summed up as:
       | 
       | "That Musk guy is so naive to think you can put data centers in
       | space, what a doof".
       | 
       | Similar comments were probably made regarding electric cars,
       | reusable rockets, buying Twitter, and so on.
        
       | Joker_vD wrote:
       | I am willing to bet the whole xAI/SpaceX merger is simply a ploy
       | by Musk to evade releasing accurate historical information about
       | SpaceX's finances. How much did it _actually_ cost SpaceX to
       | launch a kilogram of payload into space each year? How much is
       | NASA _actually_ donating them, per each year?
       | 
       | I mean, I still remember promises of $1000-per-kg for space
       | launches, and how e.g. Gigafactory will produce half of the world
       | battery supply, and other non-scientific fiction peddled by Musk.
       | Remember when SpaceX suggested in 2019 that the US Army could use
       | its Starship rockets to transport troops and supplies across the
       | planet in minutes? I do. By the way, have they finished testing
       | Starship yet, is it ready?
        
       | Garlef wrote:
       | I guess the xAI/SpaceX thing is mainly a financial move and they
       | made up an interesting story to give it some context
        
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