[HN Gopher] Todd C. Miller - Sudo maintainer for over 30 years
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Todd C. Miller - Sudo maintainer for over 30 years
        
       Author : wodniok
       Score  : 579 points
       Date   : 2026-02-02 17:25 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.millert.dev)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.millert.dev)
        
       | wodniok wrote:
       | Quote from Website: "For the past 30+ years I've been the
       | maintainer of sudo. I'm currently in search of a sponsor to fund
       | continued sudo maintenance and development. If you or your
       | organization is interested in sponsoring sudo, please let me
       | know."
        
       | stego-tech wrote:
       | This is why Big Tech is so desperate for AI to work as a
       | wholesale replacement for software developers: they do not pay
       | for their Open Source consumption as-is, and new maintainers
       | aren't stepping up because they can't afford rent, let alone to
       | devote their full time to FOSS work free of charge like a lot of
       | older project maintainers do.
       | 
       | The fact that sudo is a critical security pillar for trillions of
       | dollars of global infrastructure but this guy gets bupkis for it
       | screams volumes about the current state of technology.
       | 
       | We must do better, or it'll be closed systems (OpenAI, Microsoft,
       | Apple, Google, Oracle) all the way down as maintainers age out,
       | go bankrupt, or die without succession plans in place.
        
         | palmotea wrote:
         | Honestly, it seems like the idealism of open source shouldn't
         | have survived its contact with capitalism, but I suppose the
         | contact wasn't painful enough the the exploitation continued
         | for a long time.
         | 
         | Maybe we need a license that's even more onerous to
         | corporations than the AGPL, like something with a revenue share
         | clause.
         | 
         | Or maybe the problem is the naivete of software engineers. In
         | aggregate, there was so much embrace of libertarianism that no
         | groundwork was laid to protect ourselves from things like AI
         | and offshoring.
        
           | stego-tech wrote:
           | Been pitching that with my FOSS colleagues and peers for
           | years, now. A license for individual and educational use, but
           | pay-to-play for anyone tangentially making revenue from its
           | use. Then the conversation boils down to the business
           | engineering of how much should something cost, with some
           | arguing for flat yearly rates, and others arguing for cost-
           | per-unit, while others still fret about "disrupting" the
           | status quo immediately after acknowledging its untenability.
           | 
           | It's...frustrating, but those who do the work are the most
           | qualified to explain what they need. For the rest of us, it's
           | encouraging them to seek reasonable compensation for their
           | work from those who exploit it for profit, and that doing so
           | doesn't necessarily go against the spirit of open source.
        
             | calvinmorrison wrote:
             | can't wait for popularity-contest(1) to be mandatory and
             | required a linked credit card.
        
           | acuozzo wrote:
           | > the idealism of open source shouldn't have survived its
           | contact with capitalism
           | 
           | The US economy of the 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s made it
           | possible.
        
           | softfalcon wrote:
           | I don't mean to come across as far too cynical, but in what
           | world has a software license ever stopped the greedy and
           | powerful from pillaging the IP of other people smaller and
           | weaker than them?
           | 
           | In my opinion, libertarianism in software is a hollow dream
           | that leads people to make foolish decisions that can't be
           | protected. This makes it easy for corporations to exploit and
           | quash any barely audible opposition.
           | 
           | Almost as if by plan, the libertarian mindset has eroded and
           | weakened open source protections, defanging and declawing it
           | every step of the way.
        
         | htx80nerd wrote:
         | >"it screams volumes about the current state of technology."
         | 
         | about the current state of Big Corp vampires who are happy to
         | bleed everyone dry to put more $$ in their own very fat pockets
        
           | softfalcon wrote:
           | Exactly
        
           | functionmouse wrote:
           | Our economic system starves you to death if you don't
           | 
           | People aren't vampires because they're on top, they're on top
           | because they're vampires.
           | 
           | Shit flows downstream
        
             | whatis991 wrote:
             | A change in economic system might be neither sufficient nor
             | necessary, especially if the new economic system turns out
             | to be even worse, or a scam.
             | 
             | One approach is to have expectations to not only the
             | economic system, but also other systems, and the different
             | people involved, no matter if they're on the top, on the
             | bottom, or somewhere in the middle.
        
         | softfalcon wrote:
         | Sounds like the system is working as intended...
         | 
         | Not trying to be glib here. This feels like the embrace,
         | extend, extinguish pattern that we jokingly used to think was
         | only Microsoft. It is now becoming more and more obviously the
         | modus operandi of the entire enterprise software ecosystem.
         | 
         | I believe you are correct to be frustrated and ringing the
         | alarm bell. This is a "death of the commons" moment for OSS.
        
         | drnick1 wrote:
         | > and new maintainers aren't stepping up because they can't
         | afford rent, let alone to devote their full time to FOSS work
         | free of charge like a lot of older project maintainers do.
         | 
         | What about the Rust rewrite (sudo-rs)? I think it shows people
         | are interested in maintaining and/or modernizing tools taken
         | for granted.
        
           | whatis991 wrote:
           | It has a more lax license AFAIK. Also, many Rust projects and
           | libraries have been abandoned, or are in so-so shapes.
           | 
           | Edit:
           | 
           | To specify, new projects like sudo-rs may seem promising, but
           | going by observation and experience with similar projects,
           | there is no guarantee that sudo-rs and similar projects will
           | be successful, good and continued to be maintained. The
           | problems with old projects can end up applying to new
           | projects as well. And projects in Rust are no exception,
           | going by experience with existing, older Rust projects.
           | 
           | Aside, a pet peeve I have is that for instance Ruffle has not
           | turned out as successful as I had hoped for, even after
           | several years and many sponsors. The proprietary Flash
           | runtimes written in C still outperform Ruffle greatly in some
           | cases, causing problems for some users that want to use
           | Ruffle instead of other runtimes.
        
             | aw1621107 wrote:
             | > Also, many Rust projects and libraries have been
             | abandoned, or are in so-so shapes.
             | 
             | This seems like a bit of a non-sequitur; the state of non-
             | sudo-rs projects/libraries says nothing about the state of
             | sudo-rs itself.
             | 
             | Not to mention that I'd imagine a similar statement would
             | probably be true for projects and libraries written in
             | _any_ reasonably popular language.
        
               | fragmede wrote:
               | If there are 1000 projects that aren't sudo-rs but are
               | similarly load bearing, and they have all been
               | abandoned/in so-so shape, you're right that it doesn't
               | actually say anything about sudo-rs, but there's a highly
               | probable outcome that will be inferred by most people.
               | Incorrectly or otherwise.
        
             | voxl wrote:
             | How is this a counter argument for anything? A more
             | permissive license is not inherently a bad thing. Many C
             | and C++ projects are also abandon or in so-so condition,
             | why you uniquely call out Rust makes little sense. Either
             | sudo-rs fills the void or it doesn't, but it is a counter
             | point to this idea that open source projects have no path
             | of evolution. Just because that path doesn't look like how
             | you want it to doesn't mean it doesn't exist.
        
             | ndiddy wrote:
             | > It has a more lax license AFAIK.
             | 
             | Sudo uses the OpenBSD license, while sudo-rs is dual
             | licensed under MIT and Apache 2.0. Both licenses seem
             | equally permissive to me.
        
           | tokyobreakfast wrote:
           | By modernizing do you mean rewriting mature software in a
           | meme language with less features than the original and
           | introducing new bugs in the process?
           | 
           | The Rust smokescreen is mostly being used to slowly eradicate
           | the GPL.
           | 
           | Like Lenin said, "Who stands to gain?"
        
             | wrs wrote:
             | "Meme language"? There are plenty of memes about C, and
             | they aren't as flattering.
        
           | alt227 wrote:
           | IMO rust rewrites are done quickly to gain attention and
           | kudos. They are very rarely maintainted to the same quality
           | of the originals.
        
             | hobofan wrote:
             | Yes, I'm sure they also founded a whole foundation[0] to do
             | that just for "attention and kudos".
             | 
             | [0]: https://trifectatech.org/
        
         | whatis991 wrote:
         | This might be a controversial view:
         | 
         | What if the exploitative aspect is open source itself? Trick
         | some above average but naive developers into giving their
         | talent, effort, insights and time away for free or very little?
         | Maybe open source or something similar could have been
         | organized in a way that wasn't exploitative and wasn't
         | (possibly) unsustainable, but that is not how things ended up
         | with what Richard Stallman and others organized.
        
           | markus_zhang wrote:
           | I think at least the license should say something like we
           | will charge on a per CPU or whatever basis for commercial
           | usage.
           | 
           | You give it away for free so don't be surprised to get
           | abused. Human nature working at its best and worst here.
        
           | monero-xmr wrote:
           | The exact moment you charge for something, you need payment
           | processing, a bank, a legal entity to hold said processed
           | funds, you have liability, you need some sort of marketing /
           | sales process (even if it's just copy on a website), and the
           | barrier for someone to use your product is suddenly extremely
           | high, simply because it costs something.
           | 
           | Release it for free, no barrier to entry, no legal liability,
           | the entire world can use it instantly. This is why free
           | software spreads and catches on - precisely because it's
           | free.
           | 
           | There is no way to form a business around FOSS without
           | becoming a gatekeeping high-barrier entity. You can release
           | for free then charge extra for consulting or special
           | features, which many have done and continue to experiment
           | with.
           | 
           | But the core reason why FOSS spreads and took over is
           | precisely why it is difficult to fund. No one is going to pay
           | for something when the alternative is free. And the moment
           | you start to charge some free alternative comes along and
           | your prior users spurn you as greedy
        
             | whatis991 wrote:
             | I think you have good arguments, but I wonder if there are
             | alternatives that could work in at least some cases. Like,
             | how Unreal engine's license works. Source-available to game
             | developers, but in theory limited to paying customers, or
             | something along those lines.
        
             | palmotea wrote:
             | > The exact moment you charge for something, you need
             | payment processing, a bank, a legal entity to hold said
             | processed funds, you have liability, you need some sort of
             | marketing / sales process (even if it's just copy on a
             | website),
             | 
             | That seems like an area that's ripe for innovation. What
             | does it take to get setup on a platform like Patreon? Seems
             | like something similar ought to be setup for open
             | source/independent development, probably an idealistic
             | nonprofit.
             | 
             | > and the barrier for someone to use your product is
             | suddenly extremely high, simply because it costs something.
             | 
             | All the organizations who really ought to pay are already
             | setup to do all that, and do it all the time.
             | 
             | > But the core reason why FOSS spreads and took over is
             | precisely why it is difficult to fund. No one is going to
             | pay for something when the alternative is free. And the
             | moment you start to charge some free alternative comes
             | along and your prior users spurn you as greedy
             | 
             | What we need is innovation. Maybe a license that has a
             | trip-wire? If not enough money is voluntarily deposited
             | into a tip jar over a certain period of time, the license
             | requires a modest payment from all for-profit organizations
             | of a particular size.
             | 
             | That's up-front, is for the most part free, and
             | incentivizes some payment.
        
             | hypeatei wrote:
             | The code can become "radioactive" as well when a software
             | library goes paid. It starts phoning home with information
             | about its environment to ensure compliance which is just
             | kinda... icky to most devs. I certainly don't want that
             | bloat in my dependencies.
        
               | ycombinatrix wrote:
               | That's a good point. There's no good way to ensure your
               | open source (source available?) project isn't being
               | ripped off by some company.
               | 
               | Even if you add functionality to phone home, it can be
               | removed by all but the dumbest offenders.
        
             | imoverclocked wrote:
             | This is an upfront cost and is possibly a one-time cost
             | per-agreement.
             | 
             | Practically nobody downloads and installs sudo directly
             | from the project website; people install it with their
             | distribution of choice. The agreement could be automated
             | and included in the licensing process. ie: the license
             | gives specific distributions access to the software (either
             | via paid or other agreed-upon terms appropriate to the
             | distribution) and perhaps individual licensing terms for
             | non-commercial entities.
             | 
             | Of course, the bigger ask in this decade is in use for
             | training LLMs. OSS shouldn't be laundered through an LLM
             | (IMHO) for license avoidance. Maybe some projects are OK
             | with that (eg: many BSD licensed works.) There are some
             | that likely aren't.
        
           | Zambyte wrote:
           | All of this is true, but ironically Free Software is about
           | ensuring people have control over their computers, and Open
           | Source spun the narrative to make it about getting software
           | cheap or without paying at all.
           | 
           | People having control over their computer (and even having
           | the right to share what they run on their computer!) is
           | completely compatible with people paying for software labor.
        
             | fragmede wrote:
             | No it isn't. People having control over their own computer
             | is in direct contradiction with people paying for software
             | labor. In an honest world, sure, but in reality, people
             | don't want to pay for shit and are going to steal from you.
             | The Pirate Bay is still running and isn't going away. So is
             | Anna's archive.
        
           | kristopolous wrote:
           | We shouldn't let cynical greedy bastards set the terms for
           | how the rest of society wishes to engage
        
             | whatis991 wrote:
             | There can be "cynical greedy bastards" in many places. If
             | you optimize against them in one regard and place, will you
             | also handle them elsewhere well? And calling for change can
             | be abused by some of them to open new opportunities for
             | exploitation, this time benefitting some different group of
             | them.
             | 
             | You need to have an alternative, and it needs to be a
             | credible and reliable one, to ensure that it does not end
             | up being the case that one scam is replaced with another
             | scam.
        
               | kristopolous wrote:
               | I really think that criminal theory needs to progress. We
               | differentiate between say consensual intimacy and rape
               | and we don't let the existence of sexual abusive people
               | set the terms for our romantic encounters.
               | 
               | We have carved out a class of engagements, labeled it
               | deeply asocial, criminalized it and now we pursue people
               | who engage in it through legal means.
               | 
               | Business really doesn't have this. Personal example -
               | last week I was at a place where the business owner tried
               | to overcharge me by an order of magnitude and then
               | verbally attacked me when I caught him and backed out of
               | the transaction.
               | 
               | His google and yelp reviews are full of people claiming
               | false charges and all kinds of fraud, refusal to correct
               | and repeated abuse until they closed their cards. It's
               | wildly obvious what's going on here and I was on the ball
               | enough to catch it.
               | 
               | I contacted the police and they said "well you should
               | call the BBB or something". It's dozens of reviews of
               | clear credit card fraud and for some reason because he's
               | a merchant, doesn't seem to hit the radar.
               | 
               | These are purely criminal matters - people acting
               | habitually in bad faith with ill intent in a brazenly
               | dishonest manner.
               | 
               | Whether it's plundering the commons, polluting the public
               | discourse, or breaking other types of social compacts,
               | these should be treated the same as any other crime.
        
               | whatis991 wrote:
               | Does your country allow suing him for a large monetary
               | amount? Have you talked to the media? A lawyer? Maybe
               | together with others? Made it as easy as possible for the
               | police to get him, paper trail, receipts and all?
               | 
               | You do have points, though, but there might at least be
               | some actions that you and others can take in this case.
               | Maybe a medium change like changing the law on this
               | specific point might make sense.
        
               | kristopolous wrote:
               | I'm not law enforcement. This shouldn't be my job. If I
               | see someone robbing a store with a mask on and a gun I
               | should be able to call the police, report it, and hand it
               | off.
               | 
               | If there's an accumulation of complaints against this
               | merchant then that should warrant an investigation.
               | 
               | The police have like half the local city budget, can't
               | they do their job?
        
         | SoftTalker wrote:
         | Why should something like sudo not be "done" after 30 years?
         | 
         | Sudo is one of the poster children for creeping featuritis, to
         | the point that the sudoers man page is a meme ("Don't despair
         | if you are unfamiliar with EBNF ...")
         | 
         | Even OpenBSD gave up and implmented their own simplified
         | replacement (doas).
        
           | asveikau wrote:
           | This community and others like it are so weird in that if
           | they see something as stable as sudo but without recent
           | commits, rather than conclude that it's solid and doesn't
           | need further changes, they see it as some kind of a problem
           | and want to switch to something that's seen major changes in
           | the last week.
           | 
           | Maybe that's somehow related to why so many companies are
           | shoving AI into a bunch of stuff that doesn't need it. Gotta
           | keep everything on the hype train. Working and fulfilling
           | people's needs is no longer good enough.
        
             | catdog wrote:
             | The thing is, there is next to no software that "doesn't
             | need further changes" at all. There is always something,
             | sure it might be infrequent and/or most of the time nothing
             | really big or difficult (except sometimes) but the point
             | is: someone needs to step up and do it.
             | 
             | If a see a project with recent activity, best from multiple
             | people it is a strong signal that this will happen, if the
             | last commit is a year ago I must assume it's completely
             | abandoned because most of the time it just is. Sometimes
             | it's clearly communicated that it is the way because the
             | authors see it as essentially feature complete, there are
             | some examples of this but not that many honestly.
        
           | blame-troi wrote:
           | Different platform but the simplest mainframe utility
           | IEFBR14, a noop process to trigger JCL events started as one
           | instruction. Then two. Then debate started about which
           | machine instruction should be used to set the return code to
           | zero ...
        
             | pjsg wrote:
             | Hence IEFBR14A
        
           | rustyhancock wrote:
           | Similarly sudo-rs and doas-rs exist now.
           | 
           | I'm not sure what can be gained for further development of
           | the OG c sudo, add security patches of course.
           | 
           | But fund adding yet another feature 99.9% of users will never
           | use? I can't fathom the justification for that. Just adding
           | attack surface at this point.
           | 
           | Rightly both doas and the *-rs drops ins intend to drop most
           | of those unnecessary features.
        
           | eviks wrote:
           | Because we haven't progressed to the angelic level of
           | software development, so nothing is bug-free, which
           | especially important in something security-critical like sudo
        
           | ddtaylor wrote:
           | Even if sudo itself never changed, the system around it
           | changes pretty drastically. I agree the scope of the tool
           | should be smaller and it violates the Unix philosophy
           | (whatever that is worth these days)
        
           | stego-tech wrote:
           | Bugfixes and security vulnerabilities, mostly. So long as
           | fallible humans make fallible hardware running fallible
           | software that in turn executes and/or compiles fallible code,
           | there will always be a need for continued development of
           | critical tooling and packages.
           | 
           | On a long enough timeline, those fixes become fewer and less
           | frequent as the codebase improves, but there is no "done" in
           | software unfortunately. Hell, entropy itself means _nothing_
           | is ever done, just in an ever-changing state.
        
           | throw0101a wrote:
           | > _Why should something like sudo not be "done" after 30
           | years?_
           | 
           | Because new needs arise over time. For example, when I
           | started in IT the "sudoedit" functionality was not present
           | and so allowing someone to do "sudo vi ..." would allow them
           | breakout of the editor when it was running as root.
           | 
           | With _sudoedit_ you can give people permissions to edit
           | particular files with elevated permissions.
           | 
           | > _Even OpenBSD gave up and implmented their own simplified
           | replacement (doas)._
           | 
           | They did not "give up": they found they needed only much
           | simpler functionality shipped in the base OS. For example,
           | sudo has functionality to talk to LDAP (which I've used at
           | multiple jobs over the years), but is not needed for a local-
           | only box. Once you need centralized account and privilege
           | management, _doas_ becomes much less useful.
        
             | groundzeros2015 wrote:
             | > sudo has functionality to talk to LDAP
             | 
             | That is scary! I may need to look more at openbsd
        
               | overfeed wrote:
               | There's a Linux port of doas named OpenDoas
        
               | groundzeros2015 wrote:
               | Distros come with sudo. Scripts assume sudo. Complexity
               | exists there.
        
               | Piraty wrote:
               | solved long ago. https://github.com/jirutka/doas-sudo-
               | shim/
        
               | groundzeros2015 wrote:
               | so do I uninstall sudo from my distro? What do I do on
               | upgrade? This shim is available from alpine package
               | manager, can I get it anywhere else?
        
               | adolph wrote:
               | The purpose is to allow users access by ldap criteria
               | like group so the sodoers file need not be edited on each
               | and every server.
               | 
               | https://www.sudo.ws/docs/man/sudoers.ldap.man/
        
               | groundzeros2015 wrote:
               | Yeah, that's not something I would expect a core until to
               | do.
               | 
               | I would expect another system to query ldap.
        
               | throw0101a wrote:
               | > _That is scary! I may need to look more at openbsd_
               | 
               | Very useful when you're running fleets of systems that
               | are more pet than cattle.
               | 
               | Ubuntu/Debian are moving to sudo using SSS to talk to
               | LDAP (versus the current sudo-ldap package).
        
             | avadodin wrote:
             | Let's be honest, though. If you designed a new sudo in a
             | system with doas(1) it would look nothing like modern sudo.
             | 
             | I can't remember the name, but I read about a rust project
             | a few months ago which claimed that even doas had too much
             | feature creep.
        
               | throw0101a wrote:
               | > _I can 't remember the name, but I read about a rust
               | project a few months ago which claimed that even doas had
               | too much feature creep._
               | 
               | Features are added because people cannot do _X_ and want
               | to, and so it is added.
               | 
               | I'm happy to have a spectrum of privilege-escalation
               | utilities of varying capabilities, but just because one
               | person does not need certain functionality (like talking
               | to LDAP) does not mean I don't.
        
           | numbsafari wrote:
           | What are you, a dentist moonlighting as an angel investor?
           | 
           | Software is never "done".
           | 
           | The underlying APIs are always changing. The compilers and
           | system libraries are changing.
           | 
           | Featuritis is a thing, but rolling it back is non-trivial as
           | there are folks who depend upon it.
        
             | ycombinatrix wrote:
             | Just curious, why did you use "dentist" in your analogy
             | over any other profession?
        
           | b00ty4breakfast wrote:
           | Are you saying you would be using something that fills the
           | same critical role as sudo even if it had not received any
           | updates in a decade or more? Because that sounds insane
        
           | butterfi wrote:
           | Because environments change, it hasn't been immutable.
        
           | eichin wrote:
           | Is it really creeping, though? Pretty sure I first saw the
           | EBNF in the man page more than 20 years ago, it's just how
           | that generation learned to write and discuss parsers. (What
           | I'm getting at is that even if it is, _that_ isn 't a sign of
           | it.)
           | 
           | Of course, 20+ years ago a big feature was platform
           | compatibility, and since then we've gone from 10+ to 2ish, so
           | if it's not explicitly enabling retrocomputing, it should be
           | getting simpler, right?
        
         | arccy wrote:
         | maintainers need to learn to say "no" to scope creep and
         | entitled users.
         | 
         | sudo should have been a near complete tool after it was
         | written.
        
           | sllabres wrote:
           | So no #includedir, no LDAP integration, no log_input/output,
           | no PAM integration ...?
        
         | pwndByDeath wrote:
         | I've always favored the view that digital goods are only scarce
         | until they are released. if we had a market for patch releases
         | once they hit some goal. Uses could tip to reach the goal.
         | After the goal is reached the patch is released and to all.
         | Still have free loaders but one might live on the work
        
           | WorkerBee28474 wrote:
           | So...crowdfunding via a platform like Kickstarter?
        
       | akokanka wrote:
       | Have used sudo millions of times. It's so smooth I don't even
       | consider it software. Thinking that sudo could give me bug one
       | day haunts me now. Thanks Miller for your work!
        
         | amelius wrote:
         | I still think the integration with X11 $DISPLAY could be
         | smoother.
        
       | jmclnx wrote:
       | I would _love_ to know were IBM is on this. They use sudo
       | everywhere, even on AIX. Not to mention IBM owns Red Hat Linux.
       | 
       | IBM should be able to send a decent amount to Todd once in a
       | while, but based upon how much IBM supports ssh ($0), all they
       | are proving is they are very cheap and only wants be a parasite
       | living off other's work.
        
       | fdupress wrote:
       | Seeing the server temperatures go up as this gets posted to HN is
       | fun. I'm not sure his server agrees.
        
         | divbzero wrote:
         | "Machine Room Temperature" from Todd C. Miller's website:
         | 
         | https://www.millert.dev/therm/
         | 
         | Server exhaust fan temperature was typically 94degF (ranged
         | 92degF to 96degF) over the previous week and has climbed to
         | 97degF.
        
           | divbzero wrote:
           | But, on the whole, the server seems to be doing well enough
           | for something near the top of HN. The website is served by
           | nginx and appears to be mostly static pages.
        
       | calvinmorrison wrote:
       | I once wrote hacking is ethical. Maybe I meant 'eventual'.
       | Instead of Red-Hat sponsoring sudo, china can sponsor him to put
       | hacks in.
        
       | kleiba wrote:
       | Obligatory xkcd: https://xkcd.com/2347/
        
         | kleiba wrote:
         | ...although this one would have been a good fit too, of course:
         | https://xkcd.com/149/
        
           | divbzero wrote:
           | This xkcd is featured as the maintainer's user icon on
           | GitHub:
           | 
           | https://github.com/millert
        
             | varun_ch wrote:
             | and it's also the inspiration for the logo of sudo
             | https://www.sudo.ws/
        
       | zerotolerance wrote:
       | But today people can just vibe code their own sudo "with
       | blackjack and hookers!"
       | 
       | /s
       | 
       | Really though, it is remarkable just how high we've built this
       | towering house of cards on the selfless works of individuals. The
       | geek in me immediately begins meditating on OSS funding
       | mechanisms I've seen in the past, and what might work today. Then
       | I remember that I don't believe it can work, but hope desperately
       | that people like Todd can keep paying rent and continue getting
       | some satisfaction from the efforts.
        
       | OsamaJaber wrote:
       | 30+ years maintaining one of the most critical pieces of
       | infrastructure on nearly every Linux and Unix system, and he's
       | currently looking for a sponsor to fund continued development.
       | Every company running sudo in production owes this man. Someone
       | should fix that
        
         | boringg wrote:
         | Right? A company to step and cut a check to support this would
         | get positive publicity and there doing something good for
         | community at large. Someone step up.
        
           | lovich wrote:
           | Companies don't step up and do things for the common good.
           | They do things for profit. Occasionally that looks like they
           | are charitable if the value of the PR is worth it for them.
           | 
           | No one[1] changes what product they are using based on
           | funding or not of open source software. Companies will step
           | in and fund it if they want control, like with Rust, or if
           | the maintainer finally stops giving them free labor and they
           | actually need the software.
           | 
           | [1] not enough people to alter finances
        
         | oconnore wrote:
         | Why would you be running sudo in production? A production
         | environment should usually be setup up properly with explicit
         | roles and normal access control.
         | 
         | Sudo is kind of a UX tool for user sessions where the user
         | fundamentally can do things that require admin/root privileges
         | but they don't trust themselves not to fat finger things so we
         | add some friction. That friction is not really a security
         | layer, it's a UX layer against fat fingering.
         | 
         | I know there is more to sudo if you really go deep on it, but
         | the above is what 99+% of users are doing with it. If you're
         | using sudo as a sort of framework for building setuid-like
         | tooling, then this does not apply to you.
        
           | acdha wrote:
           | > A production environment should usually be setup up
           | properly with explicit roles and normal access control.
           | 
           | ... and sudo is a common tool for doing that so you can do
           | things like say members of this group can restart a specific
           | service or trigger a task as a service user without otherwise
           | giving them root.
           | 
           | Yes, there are many other ways to accomplish that goal but it
           | seems odd to criticize a tool being used for its original
           | purpose.
        
             | pphysch wrote:
             | PSA for anyone reading this, you _should_ probably use
             | polkit instead of sudo if you just want to grant systemd-
             | related permissions, like restarting a service, to an
             | unprivileged user.
             | 
             | It's roughly the same complexity (one drop-in file) to
             | implement.
        
               | acdha wrote:
               | I'd broaden that slightly to say you should try to have
               | as few mechanisms for elevating privileges as possible:
               | if you had tooling around sudo, dzdo, etc. for PAM,
               | auditing, etc. I wouldn't lightly add a third tool until
               | you were confident that you had parity on that side.
        
               | pphysch wrote:
               | Privilege escalation (superuser capabilities) and RBAC
               | ought to be viewed differently, IMO.
               | 
               | There's a place for true superusers, such as auditing,
               | where no stone should be too heavy. But mostly for
               | securing systems, we want RBAC, and sudo is abused as a
               | pile-driver where only a mallet was needed. Polkit is
               | more of a proper policy toolkit.
        
               | acdha wrote:
               | That's a valid choice. I'm just saying that you should
               | pick ideally one tool for that class of work. For
               | example, if you support one tool for Mac and Linux users
               | that's probably worth more than supporting two similar
               | tools even if one of them is better.
        
               | yjftsjthsd-h wrote:
               | What's the benefit?
        
               | Hendrikto wrote:
               | You can acquire permission on-demand and scoped more
               | tightly.
        
           | bobmcnamara wrote:
           | Auditing.
        
           | throw0101a wrote:
           | > _Why would you be running sudo in production? A production
           | environment should usually be setup up properly with explicit
           | roles and normal access control._
           | 
           | And doing cross-role actions may be part of that production
           | environment.
           | 
           | You could configure an ACME client to run as a service
           | account to talk to an ACME server (like Let's Encrypt), write
           | the nonce files in /var/www, and then the resulting new
           | certificate in /etc/certs. But you still need to restart (or
           | at least reload) the web/IMAP/SMTP server to pick up the
           | updated certs.
           | 
           | But do you want the ACME client to run as the same service
           | user as the web server? You can add _sudo_ so that the ACME
           | service account can tell the web service account /web server
           | to do a reload.
        
             | charcircuit wrote:
             | In your example certbot is given permission to write to
             | /var/www/.well-known/acme-challenge and to write certs
             | somewhere. Your web server also has permission to read
             | those files too.
             | 
             | There is no need for the acme client and web server to run
             | as the same user. For reloads the certbot user can be given
             | permission to just invoke the reload command / signal
             | directly. There does not need to be sudo in between them.
        
           | bigstrat2003 wrote:
           | Almost everyone is running sudo in production.
        
           | bloqs wrote:
           | the fact this is a reply to the content in the parent just
           | demos the complete lack of social skills or empathy many in
           | this community are known for
        
           | jcelerier wrote:
           | bro i just want to apt install gimp :(
        
         | brightball wrote:
         | This is a good example of Diffusion of Responsibility.
         | 
         | Everybody thinks somebody else should help, so nobody does.
        
           | lenerdenator wrote:
           | I don't think they even see it as their responsibility, more,
           | "If he wanted money, he should have charged for his
           | software".
        
             | JuniperMesos wrote:
             | If he actually did charge money someone else would've
             | written an implementation of sudo to solve their own needs
             | and avoid the overhead of transacting with a random
             | developer.
        
               | snvzz wrote:
               | And then "If he wanted money, he should have charged for
               | his software" would apply to that someone.
        
               | Grimblewald wrote:
               | And in such a system, before long, we have an ecosystem
               | that resembles the venereal disease masequaraing as an
               | addon store we see in wordpress.
        
             | _fizz_buzz_ wrote:
             | "Your 3 months sudo trial is expiring. Would you like to
             | sign up for sudo-pro (best for hobbiest and small teams),
             | sudo-business (up to 100 users) or sudo-enterprise (reach
             | out for a quote)"
        
               | lenerdenator wrote:
               | Nightmarish, isn't it?
               | 
               | But that's how the higher-ups at places like IBM and
               | Oracle see the world.
               | 
               | And these people are free to roam the streets unfettered.
               | Hardly seems right.
        
           | shimman wrote:
           | Seriously, just put a VAT on digital services to fund a
           | system that pays out grants to individuals to help maintain
           | open source software. It should be obvious by now that
           | corporations will rat fuck the commons for monetary gain and
           | there is a serious need for democratic initiatives to put
           | technology back into the hands of the people.
        
             | TonyStr wrote:
             | I would like to live in this utopia where free software is
             | funded by the state. This seems impossible to get
             | implemented in our world though.
        
               | kortilla wrote:
               | But how would that work? There isn't unlimited money so
               | who decides what software to support with state money and
               | which developers? I don't have trust in a bureaucracy to
               | decide which developers should get paid to work on sudo.
               | Just look at a the sudo-rs debacle and that's without
               | money involved.
        
               | shimman wrote:
               | You have a failure of imagination if this is what you
               | think, luckily in politics we don't have to listen to
               | people like you and instead those with an actual vision
               | of a better future.
        
               | Antibabelic wrote:
               | The EU does fund a lot of open source software.
        
               | kasey_junk wrote:
               | So does the US. In fact they did for this software.
        
               | kergonath wrote:
               | Several states fund open science, and a couple of them
               | actually do fund open source projects. Germany has its
               | sovereign tech agency for this; France has publicly-
               | funded research agencies that work on a lot of open
               | source stuff, and there are others. There are EU
               | initiatives as well.
               | 
               | It's not perfect, but it is already something that is
               | being done.
        
             | account42 wrote:
             | No thanks, we don't need yet another specialty tax paid out
             | to a dubious selection of individuals.
        
           | AmbroseBierce wrote:
           | I mean, he should just put a message when you run sudo the
           | first time asking for funding if he wants it that bad, that
           | should speed things up.
        
             | mnau wrote:
             | It would be removed by distros. XScreensaver had a notice
             | when user ran old version and Debian removed it.
        
           | j-krieger wrote:
           | Google made 10^7 as much money as I did last year. Yea, I
           | don't think it's as simple as you make it seem.
        
             | kllrnohj wrote:
             | Google sponsors a lot of open source work:
             | https://opensource.google/organizations-we-support
             | 
             | I wonder if sudo would be better off joining one of those
             | open source foundations instead of staying solo. It's too
             | small to justify a meaningful amount of contribution to
             | these companies, at which point the bureaucratic overhead
             | of dealing with it probably kills the motivation
        
               | habitable5 wrote:
               | This is the current list but from a cursory look it lacks
               | GSoC which has been a significant source of new
               | contributors since forever.
        
         | shevy-java wrote:
         | I disagree on "the most critical" part. You can be superuser at
         | all times. I understand the arguments why not; I am pointing
         | out that this is possible. Despite people claiming aliens will
         | arrive and nothing will work, everything works fine when the
         | superuser account is used too.
         | 
         | Also, I disagree that every company needs to pay the man.
         | Funding is important, yes, but a *nix system is not crippled
         | without sudo. You can change the permission systems. The
         | superuser can do so too. It is not black magic. The permission
         | system is trivial. sudo is simply a feature of convenience, not
         | a "if sudo does not exist, nothing works" - that just makes no
         | sense.
        
           | account42 wrote:
           | You don't even have to be root all the time, su is all you
           | need unless you have a fetish for software bloat.
        
         | noosphr wrote:
         | Whenever people say that MIT or GPL licenses are a good idea I
         | point out projects like this.
         | 
         | Only humans should have freedom zero. Corporations and robots
         | must pay.
        
           | groby_b wrote:
           | That's a nice slogan, but how does it work?
           | 
           | Say, I clone sudo. Clearly, a human applying freedom zero. I
           | use it in my projects. Probably still freedom zero. I use it
           | in my CI pipeline for the stuff that makes me money...
           | corporation or human? If it's corporation, what if I sponsor
           | a not-for-profit that provides that piece of CI infra?
           | 
           | The problem is that "corporation or not" has more shades than
           | you can reasonably account for. And, worse, the cost of
           | accounting for it is more than any volunteer wants to
           | shoulder.
           | 
           | Even if this were a hard and legally enforceable rule, what
           | individual maintainer wants to sue a company with a legal
           | department?
           | 
           | What _could_ work is a large collective that licenses free
           | software with the explicit goal of extracting money from
           | corporate users and distributing it to authors. Maybe.
        
             | conception wrote:
             | Not for commercial use without buying a license is a pretty
             | standard licensing scheme. This has been worked out for
             | decades.
        
               | mulmen wrote:
               | What happens when the code is abandoned? Can I make my
               | own changes whenever I want?
               | 
               | The problem with commercial software is the lock in.
        
               | groby_b wrote:
               | And the shades in between account for the large number of
               | new licensing schemes sprouting, with different
               | restrictions on what is and isn't possible. (Not to
               | mention the large number of "just used it anyways"
               | instances). And it struggles for smaller utilities, or
               | packages of many different things.
               | 
               | It's "worked out" in the sense that it still doesn't
               | really work for a lot of maintainers.
        
               | atq2119 wrote:
               | The challenge is that this doesn't really work for
               | community-developed software.
               | 
               | Let's say somebody uses this scheme for software they
               | wrote. Would anybody else ever contribute significantly
               | if the original author would benefit financially but they
               | wouldn't?
               | 
               | Mediating the financial benefits through a non-profit
               | might help, but (1) there's still a trust problem: who
               | controls the non-profit? and (2) that's a lot of overhead
               | to set up when starting out for a piece of software that
               | may or may not become relevant.
        
           | wmf wrote:
           | You can demand payment but it doesn't mean you'll get paid.
           | These days companies will clone your work instead of paying.
        
             | zhengyi13 wrote:
             | As covered literally just a few days ago (IIRC), you
             | absolutely _can_ demand payment:
             | https://github.com/LGUG2Z/komorebi actively works to detect
             | MDM, and if found, demand payment.
             | 
             | Not open source, but an interesting counterpoint, I think.
        
               | bsnnkv wrote:
               | Relevant articles are here
               | 
               | - https://lgug2z.com/articles/normalize-identifying-
               | corporate-...
               | 
               | - https://lgug2z.com/articles/i-started-identifying-
               | corporate-...
               | 
               | The post-open source space is indeed a very exciting
               | space in 2026
        
               | alt187 wrote:
               | That's not post open-source. That's dual licensing, an
               | use-case FOSS has enabled and supported forever.
        
               | bsnnkv wrote:
               | > any time someone says something is post-$thing it means
               | what they are doing is in dialogue with and in response
               | to $thing. "we were doing that before $thing" no, you
               | can't be in dialogue with something that hasn't happened
               | yet.
               | 
               | > this is like saying "what do you mean post-modernist
               | architecture, architecture predates modernism".
               | 
               | https://lobste.rs/s/kaftkn/i_started_identifying_corporat
               | e_d...
        
             | Aurornis wrote:
             | Releasing open source software and then "demanding payment"
             | goes against everything about open source.
             | 
             | If someone expects to be paid for the use of their
             | software, releasing it as open source is not what they
             | want.
             | 
             | If a maintainer of a software project starts trying to
             | demand payment or threatening to change license terms, it's
             | a reasonable response for a company to fork it or build
             | their own solution.
        
               | bsnnkv wrote:
               | And this is why all new projects by independent
               | developers should seriously consider using a post-open
               | source license before defaulting to corporate-
               | friendly/corporate-first OSI licenses
        
           | saubeidl wrote:
           | The GPL is a good idea. It's our socieconomic system that
           | isn't.
        
             | noosphr wrote:
             | Everything is a good idea if you assume a world in which it
             | works.
        
               | fragmede wrote:
               | Communism has entered the chat.
        
               | saubeidl wrote:
               | That, for example, would be a better system. One the GPL
               | would work beautifully in.
        
               | david-gpu wrote:
               | If you can't explain why it did not work in the past, and
               | can't explain how & why things will be different this
               | time, you don't have a plan. History is a harsh mistress.
        
               | mediumsmart wrote:
               | It works, but you need real human staff. And we learn
               | from history that we don't learn which can be harsh.
        
               | jibal wrote:
               | Communism worked in China, for some definition of
               | "worked". Stalinism eventually failed in the USSR and
               | elsewhere. An extensive literature explains these things,
               | as well as explaining different forms and varieties of
               | "communism", and things that people call "communism" but
               | aren't.
        
               | david-gpu wrote:
               | Communism worked so well in China that as soon as they
               | adopted something resembling free markets in some
               | regions, thanks to Deng Xiaoping, their GDP per capita
               | rose amazingly fast for 3~4 decades. Not exactly a
               | stellar example.
        
               | Muromec wrote:
               | As a person who had a privilege to live in a commie-block
               | half his life, no, it isn't a better system.
        
               | jibal wrote:
               | That was Stalinism, not communism. And there are many
               | ways to implement communism, some of which are better
               | than others.
        
             | PunchyHamster wrote:
             | GPLv3 is a bit overreaching , especially in patent clauses.
             | The GPL as idea is great but the license needs a little
             | more refining
             | 
             | The constant fear of lawyers that using some GPL lib will
             | infest entire codebase of their project with GPL is a real
             | problem that stops many corporations from contributing in
             | the first place.
        
             | aboardRat4 wrote:
             | GPL is a response to the copyright law, which was created
             | for the big corporations to extract rent from ordinary
             | people.
             | 
             | It's copyright law which should go away.
        
               | satvikpendem wrote:
               | Including the hangups people have about AI training as
               | well.
        
               | JuniperMesos wrote:
               | Copyright law is hundreds of years old and originally was
               | intended to prevent owner-operators of mechanical
               | printing presses from printing and selling copies of some
               | author's books without paying them or getting permission.
        
               | degamad wrote:
               | > originally was intended to prevent owner-operators of
               | mechanical printing presses from printing and selling
               | copies of some author's books without paying them or
               | getting permission.
               | 
               | We agree that that was its initial stated intention.
               | 
               | However, what we have seen in practice is that it has
               | resulted in the owner-operators of those machines banding
               | together to restrict access to the machines unless
               | authors sign exploitative contracts assigning their
               | rights to the operators (which they interpret as "getting
               | permission").
        
               | JuniperMesos wrote:
               | The world has changed substantially since the 1710 Statue
               | of Anne; there's a thousand things that you could call
               | the modern-day equivalent of mechanically printing a
               | book, with myriad capital and operating costs and
               | availability. Many ways an independent author or artist
               | can publish their work are extremely cheap and effective.
               | I'm relatively anti-copyright, but that doesn't mean that
               | everyone currently benefiting from copyright law is rent-
               | seeking in an exploitive way.
        
               | aboardRat4 wrote:
               | It was created when there was a scarcity of content, so
               | state violence was used to encourage production of
               | content.
               | 
               | But now we don't live in the age of scarcity of content.
               | On the contrary, content creators are competing for a
               | possibility to get into consumers' attention span and
               | push their agenda (ads). Everything has changed.
               | 
               | Removing all copyright restriction will not decrease the
               | amount of content available for a person through their
               | lifetime even a few percent.
        
               | drnick1 wrote:
               | > It's copyright law which should go away.
               | 
               | This precisely. What started out as a way of rewarding
               | authorship (of text, software, or other things) has
               | mainly become a way of extracting rent -- see the music,
               | movie, and software industries. In the digital age, when
               | the cost of making copies of such works is approximately
               | zero, copyright law ceases to make sense.
               | 
               | Note that this does not mean you cannot make money
               | selling software or software-related services. For
               | example, game developers could still sell keys for online
               | play on their servers even if they couldn't copyright the
               | binaries.
        
               | saubeidl wrote:
               | GPL is much more than that. It is _distributing the means
               | of production_ to the tech workers.
               | 
               | rms is the Marx of the 20th Century. GPL is freedom from
               | corporate oppression.
        
           | omoikane wrote:
           | I am not sure sudo is licensed under MIT or GPL, looks it's
           | like a mix of licenses[1]. The end of the first license says
           | it's sponsored in part by DARPA.
           | 
           | From 2010 to February 2024, it was sponsored by Quest
           | Software according to the history page[2].
           | 
           | [1] https://github.com/sudo-project/sudo/blob/main/LICENSE.md
           | 
           | [2] https://www.sudo.ws/about/history/
        
           | sixtyj wrote:
           | The behavior of corporations is shameful.
           | 
           | After all, people in these companies don't work for free and
           | are able to spend a lot of money for other services.
        
             | 6LLvveMx2koXfwn wrote:
             | Haven't you just hit the nail on the head? Corporations do
             | not feel shame even if people within them do; hence actions
             | . . .
        
           | throw0101c wrote:
           | > _Corporations and robots must pay._
           | 
           | Greenpeace is a (non-profit) corporation. Unions are
           | corporations. Municipalities. Colleges and universities.
           | 
           | * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_person
           | 
           | Should they have to pay?
        
             | noosphr wrote:
             | Yes.
        
             | llbbdd wrote:
             | Yes. Non-profits are more than capable of abusing the
             | commons, the purpose of even small monetary requirements is
             | to put a bound on that.
        
             | isatty wrote:
             | Yes. Not for profit does not mean they don't have money.
             | 
             | With that logic why should non profits have to pay for
             | anything at all?
        
               | Muromec wrote:
               | For the same logic they are tax-exempt. There is a
               | general consensus that their goal is the greater good
               | (like developing sudo and such) and not the usual
               | capitalistic good of generating more money.
               | 
               | Then again, you usual Friday outing of FANG engineers may
               | have more money than some nonprofits too.
        
             | degamad wrote:
             | I used to volunteer for a local non-profit a few years ago.
             | 
             | From time to time, I would reflect on the fact that
             | Microsoft and other commercial suppliers were getting paid
             | for providing services to us, but I was expected to work
             | for free.
        
             | LunaSea wrote:
             | If Mozilla and Wikimedia can pay millions in salary to
             | their CEOs, I'm sure that they can spare a few thousands
             | for open source projects.
        
         | groby_b wrote:
         | You can only fix that with leverage. The sudo maintainer
         | doesn't have it. sudo is valuable, but if Todd stepped away,
         | you could (and would) find other maintainers because it's so
         | important.
         | 
         | If you want to fix it, you need organizational heft comparable
         | to the companies using it, and the ability & willingness to
         | make freeriding a more painful experience.
        
           | eichin wrote:
           | Wasn't the sudo-rs (rust version) already reducing that
           | leverage even further? (and finding interesting bugs, but
           | that's not the point here)
        
         | af78 wrote:
         | Surprisingly Jia Tan has not offered to help yet.
        
           | SunlitCat wrote:
           | Maybe someone should suggest, sudo needs compression
           | capabilities and suggest a great developer, being helpful
           | with that one? :D
        
           | midtake wrote:
           | Jia Tan and his 40 sockpuppets are undoubtedly trying.
        
         | tuhgdetzhh wrote:
         | Reminds me of https://xkcd.com/2347/
        
         | gonzo41 wrote:
         | At the least, all the hyperscalers should be putting money into
         | a fund for this sort of thing.
        
         | aboardRat4 wrote:
         | Why would it be needed to continue the development of sudo?
         | 
         | Isn't it done and finished, after 30 years of development?
        
           | not_ai wrote:
           | The monthly releases seem to indicate otherwise.
        
             | aboardRat4 wrote:
             | Something's deeply wrong here.
        
               | mulmen wrote:
               | Then fork it and finish it. I'm sure it will be a huge
               | success.
        
               | alt187 wrote:
               | You should look up "doas". It might enlighten you.
        
               | mulmen wrote:
               | If you have a point to make then make it. I don't accept
               | anonymous homework assignments.
        
               | s5fs wrote:
               | Things have changed quite a bit in the past 30 years!
               | 
               | I encourage you to peek at their changelog
               | (https://www.sudo.ws/releases/changelog/) for more
               | insight into why this project is still under active
               | development.
        
               | jibal wrote:
               | I just learned about amathia
               | (https://modernstoicism.com/there-is-nothing-banal-about-
               | phil...), which seems to apply here.
        
               | account42 wrote:
               | It's a kitchen sink tool that does way too many things.
        
           | drnick1 wrote:
           | It's all bug fixes it seems. What is surprising is that so
           | many bugs remain even after all this time and effort. And no,
           | for the most part these are not the kinds of bugs that are
           | squashed by a rewrite in Rust.
        
         | firesteelrain wrote:
         | I guess I don't understand. Take RHEL. The sudo maintainer
         | seeking a new sponsor affects upstream velocity and
         | stewardship, not the deployed trust model of enterprise
         | distributions. RHEL does not "follow HEAD." It vendors a known-
         | good snapshot and assumes long-term responsibility for it.
         | 
         | Core tools like sudo have survived things like this before
        
         | hiAndrewQuinn wrote:
         | I wonder how many guys who have have written or significantly
         | maintained "household name" level FOSS products just earn a
         | corporate sinecure somewhere as hypercompetent remote sysadmins
         | or ICs or something. Folks who don't necessarily care to earn
         | top dollar, with all the headaches that entails, but also
         | almost never have to actually work more than 2 hours in a given
         | day to keep the ship going, and the arrangement is just so cozy
         | and gives them enough time to themselves to work on their
         | actual passion that they accept the arrangement.
         | 
         | I know of at least one recruiter who does something like this
         | and specializes in greybeard hiring, and it seems like a steady
         | niche if you have the network to pull it off.
        
         | account42 wrote:
         | > one of the most critical pieces of infrastructure
         | 
         | It's really not.
        
           | Hendrikto wrote:
           | How is it not? A suid binary installed on pretty much every
           | Unix system ever seems pretty critical to me.
        
             | mayhemducks wrote:
             | Living without it isn't hard IMO. It's more of a
             | convenience. Most of the servers I ever login to only have
             | one non-root user anyway. When I need root, I switch to
             | root.
        
               | rurban wrote:
               | And how do you switch to root? sudo is the most popular
               | way
        
       | jandrese wrote:
       | Honestly he should open a Patreon. There are loads of people that
       | would subscribe to Sudo for $2/month or $5/month.
        
         | rileymat2 wrote:
         | The problem is if I was going to do that with the open source
         | projects I use, it is more like a penny a month * 1000
         | projects.
        
           | bobmcnamara wrote:
           | $.01/user/month would be quite a bit here
        
             | einsteinx2 wrote:
             | Subtract the standard ~3 cent transaction fee and he'd end
             | up owing money instead. That seems to always be the catch
             | with micropayment ideas.
        
               | __turbobrew__ wrote:
               | Sounds like we need an open source index fund where you
               | can make one payment that goes into a pool of money which
               | is invested into the top 1000 open source projects.
        
               | krior wrote:
               | What are the top 1000 oben source projects?
        
               | tmtvl wrote:
               | Well, there's systemd, systemd-resolved, journald, GNOME,
               | Wayland, systemd-homed, systemd-boot,...
        
               | aftbit wrote:
               | It almost seems like someone ought to be able to build
               | some kind of digital currency with low transaction fees
               | and no centralized payment processor that could power
               | microtransactions. I wonder why nobody has done that yet.
        
               | einsteinx2 wrote:
               | I know crypto was supposed to solve this problem, but
               | I've never seen an implementation that actually did the
               | job. You'd think someone would have built a successful
               | "Patreon for micropayments" in the past 10 years, but no
               | one has.
        
               | aftbit wrote:
               | Yeah I think the problem is that most of the main chains
               | had astronomical transaction fees; most of the side
               | chains that solved this problem had a trust problem; and
               | Bitcoin Lightning was sorta dead on arrival, though it
               | had both the trust and the technology solution. At that
               | point, this forum had already moved BTC from "amazing new
               | technology" to "huge threat to social order and
               | environment".
        
               | jorvi wrote:
               | BAT literally was built for (accumulation of)
               | micropayments.
        
               | janandonly wrote:
               | Sounds like the above 2 ideas should be combined.
               | Lightning payments are more or less free, and an index or
               | tracker that looks at your bash history could make it
               | possible to spread 5$ per month over all projects that
               | you use.
        
               | tzs wrote:
               | There are at least two catches with micropayment ideas.
               | One is transaction costs. The other is taxation.
               | 
               | If person in country X is accepting payments (micro or
               | regular) directly from customers/donors in country Y they
               | are then running an international business. That can have
               | income tax, sale tax, VAT, and probably other tax
               | collecting and reporting requirements in one or both
               | countries.
               | 
               | It's a big can of worms you probably don't want to deal
               | with unless you are making significant money from Y.
               | Multiply all that by the number of different countries
               | you get paid from.
               | 
               | The best way to fix the transaction fee problem is
               | probably to use an intermediary. For micropayments people
               | (payers and payees) have accounts at the intermediary.
               | Payers preload their account with a payment large enough
               | that the transaction fees are only a tiny percentage,
               | then can direct how that money is distributed. On the
               | payee side the intermediary waits until the payer has
               | received enough to be able to do a transfer to the payees
               | bank account without transaction fees eating too much.
               | 
               | The intermediary can also fix the tax problem. The way
               | that works is that the intermediary operates as a legal
               | entity in both country X and Y. Payers interact solely
               | with the legal entity in their country, and payees
               | interact solely with the legal entity in their country.
               | Payers and payees then only have to deal with their own
               | country's tax system.
               | 
               | The problem here is who should run the intermediary
               | service? I doubt people will be able to agree on that.
               | What we probably need is a system where there can be
               | multiple intermediary services, but the services talk to
               | each other so if say I want to donate to project Foo and
               | Foo and I use different services I tell mine to send Foo
               | a micropayment and my service and Foo's service make that
               | happen.
               | 
               | This could work similar to the way peering works on the
               | internet backbone.
        
           | ycombinatrix wrote:
           | payment processors: "how about no"
        
             | karamanolev wrote:
             | Why? If every person participating is giving $10-$20 per
             | month to tens or hundreds of projects and then once
             | distributed, this equates to $x00 or $x000/project/month,
             | why would the payment processors mind. Of course, it's all
             | in theory.
        
               | ycombinatrix wrote:
               | they charge a minimum fee per transaction. from Accursed
               | Farms' donation page
               | (https://www.accursedfarms.com/donations/)
               | 
               | "Paypal keeps $0.30 + 2.9% of every donation, so please
               | keep anything less than $0.32 as they have enough money
               | already."
               | 
               | i think Cash App has the lowest fees i've seen at like
               | $0.01 which would still be too much.
               | 
               | not saying it is impossible - but likely not viable
               | directly with the current payment providers.
        
           | squigz wrote:
           | This is why I feel like a missing piece of
           | Patreon/Kofi/whatever is the ability to say "Here's $x;
           | divide it automagically amongst the creators I'm currently
           | following"
           | 
           | Sure, I think a lot of those donations would amount to a few
           | pennies or so at once, but I feel like a lot more people
           | would be willing to support creators if they didn't have to
           | constantly choose which to support.
        
             | robertlagrant wrote:
             | I would love it if something like Github would accept
             | donations from a repo and parcel it out to the repo's
             | dependencies somehow. It would sadly make Github even
             | stickier, but it would be a great feature.
        
         | ak009 wrote:
         | wouldn't https://github.com/sponsors/sudo-project achieve the
         | same thing in this case?
        
           | jandrese wrote:
           | That's great, I wish he had _mentioned it_.
        
             | gregw2 wrote:
             | True, but it sounds like he's more looking for "a" sponsor,
             | not crowdfunding which he already has tried.
             | 
             | That might be why he hasn't mentioned it.
        
         | adolph wrote:
         | They are using github sponsors and have had some level of
         | contributions.
         | 
         | https://github.com/sponsors/sudo-project
        
         | RhysU wrote:
         | I would kick him $20. Anyone know how?
        
         | xxs wrote:
         | >Patreon
         | 
         | And they start making videos about, mentioning the sponsors.
         | There are better options to get money.
        
       | fHr wrote:
       | Unbelievable, every fortune 500 company should sponsor this you
       | all rely and use this. This makes me so sad I hope this has a
       | good end.
        
       | dwflanagan wrote:
       | sudo pay him
        
       | anigbrowl wrote:
       | I've said it before, open source works poorly in this area. It's
       | great if everyone's getting paid fat money in a day job and can
       | maintain their pet project a few days a month, but that's just
       | not true for a lot of people.
       | 
       | It's disgusting that maintainers of critical projects have to go
       | through the humiliation of begging for money, and absurd to
       | suggest they all hang out Kofi or PAtreon banners. Realistically
       | nobody is going to go through their bash history working out what
       | utilities they use in order of frequency and allocating funds to
       | the maintainers proportionally. I'm baffled that some entity like
       | the Linux Software Foundation isn't administering this already.
        
         | fragmede wrote:
         | > Realistically nobody is going to go through their bash
         | history working out what utilities they use in order of
         | frequency and allocating funds to the maintainers
         | proportionally.
         | 
         | Not if we don't make it easy for them. I had Claude whip up
         | _fundcli_ a while ago, but this post got me to finally upload
         | it. It goes through your http://atuin.sh/ history (raw
         | .bash_history/.*history doesn't have enough information) and
         | generates links to projects for you to donate to.
         | git clone https://github.com/fragmede/fundcli         uv run
         | src/fundcli/cli.py analyze         uv run ./src/fundcli donate
         | --amount 100
         | 
         | to get links to donate $100 for last month's usage. There's
         | also http://thanks.dev if you're looking for other places to
         | donate to based on your open source usage.
        
         | jongjong wrote:
         | I feel like this should have been the responsibility of
         | investors and venture capitalists. In a normal society, the
         | moneyed folks should give special treatment to the folks who
         | have proven themselves to be effective givers.
         | 
         | Unfortunately, it seems like either the moneyed folks don't
         | care or the current financial structure simply does not support
         | this.
        
           | badsectoracula wrote:
           | I think that's because the moneyed folks tend to be effective
           | takers :-P
        
         | phicoh wrote:
         | I wonder if a few people going beyond what is reasonable, is
         | representative of open source projects.
         | 
         | For a lot of open source projects, if you have a normal day job
         | and spend a few hours per week on a project, then the project
         | just never gets very big. It exists, may have a few users. But
         | on a larger scale, nobody knows it exists.
         | 
         | The exceptions are projects where developers spend a lot of
         | time on the project at the expense of a day job. Though there
         | is the possibility that they may have a hard time having a day
         | job in the first place, which may have let to the situation
         | with the open source project.
         | 
         | In general, I think we do have a culture problem where we think
         | projects need to be successful. And people working on a project
         | 'need' to support users (who in general don't pay).
         | 
         | And that expectation of free work happens throughout the open
         | source ecosystem as well. Distributions expect projects to fix
         | bugs for free. Open source projects expect libraries and
         | compilers to be maintained.
         | 
         | Ultimately, change has to come from people who refuse to work
         | for free. Doing something as a hobby for free is perfectly
         | fine. As long as it stays within the scope of a hobby project.
        
           | kcexn wrote:
           | I think this is partly an education problem, and partly an
           | industry culture problem. Lots of young developers are
           | incentivized to 'contribute' to open-source as a way to
           | demonstrate that they can actually write software. So open-
           | source becomes a way of signalling competence when at a
           | broader scale it's just extracting wealth from the
           | vulnerable.
           | 
           | Open-source seems to be fragmented into three groups now.
           | Large enterprise open-source like Kubernetes or OpenStack
           | where the license seems more like a legal agreement amongst
           | vendors to not sue each other. Legacy open-source projects
           | that are getting by on brand recognition and sheer willpower.
           | And a whole bunch of noise from people who are looking to
           | leverage open-source into a job of some sort.
           | 
           | I'm not sure what the solution is...
        
       | shevy-java wrote:
       | The funding problem is an issue.
       | 
       | We need to find better models. Even if it is just "low(er)"
       | payment; that would still be better than zero or near zero
       | payment.
        
         | larodi wrote:
         | Universal Global Contributor Wellness Fund
         | 
         | may also fund retirements for certain individuals, and there is
         | for sure enough free juice to get it started in a very
         | reasonable way. these people really deserve it, the same way
         | Nobels extist, etc.
        
       | dangoodmanUT wrote:
       | Impressive
       | 
       | but the mascot for sudo is terrifying
        
         | ahartmetz wrote:
         | But also quite funny when you make the connection!
        
           | hobofan wrote:
           | Perpetuating misogyny as the mascot of one of the most used
           | pieces of software. Yay!
        
             | ahartmetz wrote:
             | Look again at the xkcd comic (I did before posting the
             | comment). The sandwich-making person is not obviously
             | female, in fact he(?) looks rather male according to xkcd
             | convention.
        
               | hobofan wrote:
               | "make me a sandwich" has been a saying to dismiss women
               | for decades before the xkcd comic existed.
        
               | metalliqaz wrote:
               | This kind of thing is why the left always loses. If you
               | want to win, people have to like you.
        
               | dannyw wrote:
               | Context always matters. Phrases can also be normalized
               | through everyday use without the negative connections.
        
       | thelastgallon wrote:
       | There's also NTP.
       | 
       | The Largely Untold Story Of How One Guy In California Keeps The
       | World's Computers Running On The Right Time Zone:
       | https://onezero.medium.com/the-largely-untold-story-of-how-o...
       | 
       | https://xkcd.com/2347/
        
         | debo_ wrote:
         | You forgot the more relevant: https://xkcd.com/149/
        
       | ryandrake wrote:
       | Reading the release history[1]. I'm kind of shocked that sudo
       | gets active development and monthly releases. I would have
       | thought that something this old and venerated would have been
       | "done" long ago.
       | 
       | 1: https://www.sudo.ws/releases/devel/
        
         | hobofan wrote:
         | "Done" software is a myth they tell to young developers so that
         | they can sleep easy at night.
        
           | kachapopopow wrote:
           | wireguard is relatively "done"
        
             | imchillyb wrote:
             | "relatively" is just a word added to done and the fact that
             | there is a qualifier precludes the word from bearing truth.
        
               | yjftsjthsd-h wrote:
               | Out of curiosity, what changes would it have at this
               | point?
        
               | hobofan wrote:
               | I'm not intimately familiar with Wireguard, but there are
               | some things that are almost universally applicable:
               | 
               | - It should run on an maintained OS (which should run on
               | available hardware), so whatever changes are necessary to
               | keep pace with that
               | 
               | - It may want to add optimizations regarding newer CPU
               | architectures
               | 
               | - It uses a compiler, so whatever changes necessary to
               | stay on a maintained version of the compiler
               | 
               | - It uses cryptography, so whatever changes necessary to
               | stay up to date with latest cryptographic research to
               | provide a secure solution, as well as updating
               | cryptographic libraries to not be exposed to CVEs found
               | in them. It also exists in the context of one/multiple
               | jurisdictions, so possibly also changes to comply with
               | interference in sound cryptography (let's hope not).
               | 
               | And all of those are just part of the things to keep up
               | with the world around you evolving. Of course there may
               | also be bugs to fix in the code itself, and/or new ones
               | created by doing any of the changes above.
               | 
               | Even their definition of "complete"[0] includes "active
               | maintenance" and "still much to do".
               | 
               | [0]: https://www.wireguard.com/repositories/
        
               | midtake wrote:
               | It uses Curve25519 for key exchange and ChaCha20-Poly1305
               | for symmetric encryption. There aren't many hardware
               | primitives that would speed it up, although AVX2 and
               | similar would help process ChaCha20.
        
               | bayindirh wrote:
               | > It uses Curve25519 for key exchange and
               | ChaCha20-Poly1305 for symmetric encryption.
               | 
               | For now.
               | 
               | > There aren't many hardware primitives that would speed
               | it up,
               | 
               | For now.
               | 
               | > although AVX2 and similar would help process ChaCha20.
               | 
               | So, there's at least a bullet point for experimental
               | branching.
               | 
               | Also, the WireGuard Tunnel Manager on macOS is far from
               | done.
        
             | MagicMoonlight wrote:
             | Of all the things to pick, software which needs to be
             | secure and is actively attacked is the worst one.
        
               | reverius42 wrote:
               | So like sudo
        
           | latexr wrote:
           | Absolutely false. I have built tons of tools which are
           | feature complete and continue to work to this day without
           | intervention. Heck, I even have tools _I no longer use_ that
           | people asked me to keep available because they do, and
           | they've been chugging along for over a decade, no bugs or
           | maintenance necessary.
           | 
           | Just today I saw a report of Adobe discontinuing a tool in
           | use by professionals _because it is done_ and they don't know
           | what else to add.
           | 
           | https://mastodon.social/@grishka/116005782128372247
           | 
           | "Software is never done" is a myth they tell to keep
           | extracting money from you.
           | 
           | A lot of the time, failing to to finish software indicates a
           | badly defined scope.
        
             | rcxdude wrote:
             | That tool, BTW, is essentially the authoring side of Flash
             | rebranded.
        
             | hobofan wrote:
             | > Just today I saw a report of Adobe discontinuing a tool
             | in use by professionals because it is done and they don't
             | know what else to add.
             | 
             | Yeah, I'm sure the reason stated by the customer support is
             | the real one, and not the lack of profitability from that
             | tool among a shift of focus towards AI[0] as reported
             | everywhere.
             | 
             | https://techcrunch.com/2026/02/02/adobe-animate-is-
             | shutting-...
             | 
             | > for over a decade, no bugs or maintenance necessary
             | 
             | I'll believe it when I see it. Keeping something running
             | for a long time is a lot easier task than building
             | something that can be run in an ever changing world.
             | 
             | Given that it's that old I'd wager that it isn't runnable
             | on/compileable for ARM64 without some kind of maintenance.
             | And if it's written in an interpretable language there is a
             | good chance that the underling interpreter/runtime are EOL
             | by now.
             | 
             | > A lot of the time, failing to to finish software
             | indicates a badly defined scope.
             | 
             | And a lot of the time finished software becomes unused
             | because it sticks to scopes that don't match up with
             | reality/user needs anymore.
        
               | dannyw wrote:
               | Yeah, I have a relatively simple script with webUI for
               | organising photos and videos I take on my NAS.
               | 
               | Over the years I've had to upgrade the ffmpeg dependency,
               | which resulted in breaking changes a couple times and
               | maintenance.
               | 
               | I've also had to spend nearly a whole day fixing the
               | webUI when iOS's wonderful liquid glass came out.
        
               | hobofan wrote:
               | How did liquid glass break your Web UI?
        
               | dannyw wrote:
               | Liquid Glass changed dimensions and viewport measurements
               | for fixed position elements, amongst a whole host of
               | positioning related bugs:
               | 
               | https://stackoverflow.com/questions/79753701/ios-26-safar
               | i-w...
               | 
               | Many of the bugs were fixed in 26.1, but still, I had to
               | fix it to use it.
               | 
               | I was surprised that not much of the entire web was
               | broken, but a cursory search of commits showed that the
               | WebKit/Apple team took the approach of coding in site
               | specific hacks for popular sites (eg instagram, google
               | search!) for iOS 26.
        
               | DrewADesign wrote:
               | Maybe I'm not looking in the right places, but I rarely
               | see fixed position elements in modern web layouts-- I
               | imagine that's why you didn't see more disruption.
        
               | dannyw wrote:
               | They may not be used in layouts, but they can be present
               | in cases like keyboard open (if you wanted to attach some
               | controls above the software keyboard for example); or
               | just ever growing compatibility hacks.
        
               | vanderZwan wrote:
               | > _Yeah, I 'm sure the reason stated by the customer
               | support is the real one, and not the lack of
               | profitability from that tool among a shift of focus
               | towards AI[0] as reported everywhere._
               | 
               | Yeah, although "finished" software is antithetical to
               | this always have new features to push onto your customers
               | subscription model, so it's not entirely unrelated.
               | 
               | Having said that I still find it strange. I can imagine
               | it might not be able to ride on the AI bubble, and
               | perhaps animators are especially vocal about not wanting
               | AI in their tools. But even so, why would that make Adobe
               | Animate unprofitable? They do have a subscription model,
               | and customers, so people are paying for this product.
               | 
               | Compared to other digital art, the data for vector
               | animation takes relatively little space to store. It also
               | requires much less resources to render than other forms
               | of video, and rasterized video output should compress
               | really well compared to alternatives, especially with
               | modern codecs that are not only optimized for regular
               | film. So surely it shouldn't be _that_ expensive to
               | maintain for them compared to all their other projects.
        
               | hobofan wrote:
               | > But even so, why would that make Adobe Animate
               | unprofitable?
               | 
               | Sorry, I wasn't precise with my wording. What I meant to
               | say was "less profitable than the perceived AI
               | opportunities they could do with the same engineers".
        
               | latexr wrote:
               | > not the lack of profitability
               | 
               | What "lack of profitability"? They just reported a record
               | quarter. Adobe shoves full Creative Cloud subscriptions
               | down everyone's throats; buying _one_ tool, especially
               | when it's not one of the flagships, is uncommon. What
               | exactly are they losing by just letting Animate _be_?
               | 
               | > And if it's written in an interpretable language
               | 
               | I have never ever ever had to change shell, Ruby, or
               | JavaScript code because "the underling
               | interpreter/runtime are EOL". Never. That code keeps
               | happily running, doing its work, with whatever version of
               | the interpreter I have available in whatever box.
               | 
               | > And a lot of the time finished software becomes unused
               | because it sticks to scopes that don't match up with
               | reality/user needs anymore.
               | 
               | So what? That's perfectly fine. Do you drink milk out of
               | a baby bottle? Do you ride a bike with training wheels?
               | It's perfectly fine to build a tool for a purpose and a
               | time and place and let it exist there for the people who
               | care for it. That's also true of video games (which, lest
               | we forget, are software). In a world where people are
               | constantly complaining about software updates moving shit
               | around, removing features, and adding crap they don't
               | want, plenty of people appreciate that the things they
               | like continue to work as they always have.
        
               | hobofan wrote:
               | > What exactly are they losing by just letting Animate
               | be?
               | 
               | Maintenance cost (which you claim doesn't exist) of the
               | engineers that they are planning to staff on other
               | project they are assuming will be more profitable. Of
               | course that's just a bet and not a sure thing.
               | 
               | > I have never ever ever had to change shell, Ruby, or
               | JavaScript code because "the underling
               | interpreter/runtime are EOL".
               | 
               | I think we are living in different realities. Almost
               | every (open source) project that I encounter that's 10+
               | years old isn't runnable without changes.
               | 
               | > Do you drink milk out of a baby bottle? Do you ride a
               | bike with training wheels?
               | 
               | Do you still drive a Ford Model T?
        
               | stearns wrote:
               | > I'm sure the reason stated by the customer support is
               | the real one
               | 
               | Oh, but it's so much more beautiful than that! You're
               | really underselling it! It's not "the reason stated by
               | the customer support", it's:
               | 
               | The reason snarkily paraphrased by a Mastodon post Which
               | quotes a Twitter post Which quotes a Bluesky post Which
               | tells a story about a conversation with an Adobe customer
               | service rep.
               | 
               | Surely that tongue-in-cheek Mastodon post increases the
               | information that we have about this incident by exactly
               | Zero.
        
             | usrbinbash wrote:
             | > Absolutely false. I have built tons of tools which are
             | feature complete and continue to work to this day without
             | intervention
             | 
             | And how many of these tools are mission critical to the
             | point that they are installed on almost every Linux box in
             | existence, probably invoked tens of billions of times per
             | day, both by humans and software, and the entire world
             | would be in deep goddamn trouble if there was a serious
             | security flaw that doesn't get fixed immediately?
             | 
             | Because that's what `sudo` is.
             | 
             | And no, such software is never "done".
        
               | latexr wrote:
               | You've moved the goalposts so far away, they've left the
               | breathable atmosphere. Look at your condition, it's over
               | 50 words. I didn't say "all software can be done", I just
               | said that it's not true that software is _never_ done.
               | It's not a universal truth that applies to all software.
        
             | nananana9 wrote:
             | Not a great example as that "done" tool (whose currrent
             | iteration barely functions) will be made unavailable after
             | a few years.
             | 
             | That tool is still very much in active use in my industry,
             | and we'll need to figure out what to do with some 10000 fla
             | files that we need to occasionally edit and republish
             | (hint: the solution probably involves a certain Swedish
             | software repository).
        
             | Intralexical wrote:
             | It's a bit ironic that digital goods, which are arguably
             | the only products which once compiled can be stored, used,
             | and copied perfectly bit-for-bit, are also the only
             | industry that seems to have this problem with being
             | unwilling to call a product "done".
             | 
             | The reasons for software churn are economic, cultural, and
             | psychological, not technological.
        
               | hobofan wrote:
               | > unwilling to call a product "done"
               | 
               | Unlike modern physical products, software often has a
               | contiguous lineage, with less individual hard cuts
               | between releases, that e.g. necessitate setting up a new
               | production line for each iteration.
               | 
               | Of course you can call individual releases "done" but
               | then you also have to accept that the same realities
               | apply to it that it's utility will decay over time same
               | as e.g. household appliances do, where you also wouldn't
               | use one that's 40 years old.
               | 
               | Calling a software project as a whole "done" (and
               | claiming that it doesn't have bugs and doesn't need
               | maintenance) would be akin to Apple saying the iPhone
               | (the whole product line/smartphone niche) is "done".
        
               | Intralexical wrote:
               | > Of course you can call individual releases "done" but
               | then you also have to accept that the same realities
               | apply to it that it's utility will decay over time same
               | as e.g. household appliances do, where you also wouldn't
               | use one that's 40 years old.
               | 
               | Physical appliances decay because of wear and tear, which
               | digital products are uniquely immune to.
               | 
               | Replacing and fixing physical wear and tear is more like
               | having to occasionally clean your logs folder, or
               | reinstall your OS. Admin maintenance on a specific
               | installation, not updates to the product from the
               | developer. The product itself stays the same.
               | 
               | Software churn, updates that change the product itself
               | and not just the way it's run, are more like General
               | Electric requiring you let one of their employees into
               | your house to paint the appliance a new color every
               | month.
               | 
               | > Calling a software project as a whole "done" (and
               | claiming that it doesn't have bugs and doesn't need
               | maintenance) would be akin to Apple saying the iPhone
               | (the whole product line/smartphone niche) is "done".
               | 
               | Which seems like it would be fine? What do 95% people use
               | their smartphone for, that an iPhone from 10 years ago
               | was not already able to do? Besides, this comparison is a
               | bit circular as software dropping support is often the
               | part that forces consumers to upgrade hardware.
               | 
               | Hardware products without software churn do in fact get
               | used basically forever. When they do break, they can also
               | be replaced with the exact same product, without all the
               | issues that running old software gets you.
               | 
               | Apple _could_ make a forever-iPhone that lasts 10 years,
               | or 40 years. But it 's more profitable, competitive,
               | exciting, and convenient to release a new product line
               | every year (while turning old hardware into e-waste via
               | software updates).
               | 
               | I'm not saying it's better or worse that things are this
               | way, but it does cause some problems and should not be
               | presented as inevitable.
        
             | parsimo2010 wrote:
             | You might have written software that is "done" if you
             | compile it with a single compiler version and don't use any
             | OS hooks/APIs and don't care if future changes breaks your
             | software. I.e. it's done if you think that people will stop
             | needing to use it at some point in the future.
             | 
             | A tool like sudo can never be done because it integrates
             | with the constantly updating OS and will always need
             | maintenance.
        
           | noirscape wrote:
           | There's a difference between software that's "done" (it never
           | needs updates, ever) and software that's done (it only needs
           | maintenance for security and platform churn).
           | 
           | The former is extremely rare; platform churn alone will
           | usually demand updates, even if your code is otherwise
           | airtight. Forces generally beyond your access will demand
           | that your code is able to conform to platform standards. The
           | demand this places can be very variable and depends more on
           | the platform than you. (Windows has low platform churn since
           | it's possible to futz with compat features, Linux is
           | extremely variable on your codebase, MacOS is fairly constant
           | and from what I know about mobile phones, you're basically
           | signing up to forever maintenance duty).
           | 
           | The latter is much more common; sure, sudo still gets updates
           | but most of those won't be new _features_. Specification
           | wise, sudo is  "done". It does what it needs to, it's
           | interface is defined and there aren't going to be any strange
           | surprises when I run sudo between any system made in the past
           | 10 years or so.
           | 
           | The problem is that when you're selling software, demanding
           | compensation for the former is a hard sell since it's things
           | customers won't see or necessarily care about. Demanding
           | compensation for the latter is much more obviously
           | acceptable.
        
             | cousin_it wrote:
             | > MacOS is fairly constant
             | 
             | Except when they killed all 32bit games a few years ago
             | with Catalina.
        
               | zbentley wrote:
               | I think that GP meant that MacOS has a constant nonzero
               | rate of platform churn. I might be wrong though!
        
               | noirscape wrote:
               | Oops, yes, I meant a constant non-zero rate. It's
               | slightly above mobile phones, where the developer is
               | treated as the problem that needs to fix itself.
               | 
               | Stuff written for one version of MacOS will _probably_
               | work for the next few versions, but there 's just as
               | likely a chance that Apple has decided that you need to
               | do a full on update of all your older tools. Things like
               | dropping Rosetta, 32-bit from the kernel and so on and so
               | forth. There's not really any recourse, unlike Windows
               | and Linux where you can usually finagle a workable
               | solution without having to resort to updating everything
               | all the time (so platform churn exists, but a user can
               | theoretically choose to avoid it).
               | 
               | This is unlike phones, where there's basically no real
               | expectations for when you need to update stuff, so it
               | becomes a case of "you need to test every version". The
               | lack of respect for tool stability is just one other
               | reason why the mobile ecosystem is the user-hostile hell
               | it is; this platform churn pretty much is one of the two
               | roots of why mobile apps are Like That. (The other being
               | that running your own choice of tools is treated as a
               | privilege, not a right.)
        
             | DrewADesign wrote:
             | I'm not sure truly 'done' exists on systems that interact
             | with other systems unless it's an entirely closed loop.
             | 
             | I reckon closed-loop systems can be 'done' every bit as
             | much as hardware systems can be if the design, debugging
             | and implementation are disciplined enough.
        
             | Intralexical wrote:
             | > platform churn alone will usually demand updates, even if
             | your code is otherwise airtight. Forces generally beyond
             | your access will demand that your code is able to conform
             | to platform standards.
             | 
             | Platform churn updates are a failure to limit scope and
             | dependency. If you stick with stable standards like
             | C99/POSIX/X11/SDL, test strictly and build liberally etc.,
             | then who cares what the Web/Qt/Metal people are doing?
        
           | Intralexical wrote:
           | The OpenBox WM is a respected piece of software, commonly
           | used on minimal Linux desktops, that has been "done" since at
           | least 2015.
        
         | sizzzzlerz wrote:
         | I was wondering the same thing. I would have thought every
         | possible combination of parameters would have been tried by
         | now. I guess it just goes to show you that your code is never
         | really complete.
        
           | Aperocky wrote:
           | > I guess it just goes to show you that your code is never
           | really complete.
           | 
           | Yes and no, feature bloat usually justify themselves
           | innocently and once you go down that slope there is no
           | return.
           | 
           | The hardest thing to do in software is commit yourself to a
           | set of feature and protect it from any "helpful additions",
           | naming might be the second hardest.
        
         | varenc wrote:
         | pros and cons to this approach, like the CVE introduced in sudo
         | 9.1.14 (June 2023) fixed in 1.9.17p1 (June 2025).
         | https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-32463
         | 
         | But also sudo has A LOT of features that 95% of people don't
         | use. Just checkout `man sudo` to get a sense for this. And it
         | includes plugins like the popular visudo plugin. You can see
         | from the release cadence that real improvements continue to be
         | made. Though it is a bit more work to secure a moving target.
        
         | tombert wrote:
         | Yeah, silly as it is, I guess it didn't even occur to me that
         | sudo had a developer or maintainer, or was even a "program"; to
         | me it has been one of those things that has and always will
         | exist and I had just assumed it evolved and came about
         | alongside Cro-Magnon man.
         | 
         | But of course, that's silly. Of every piece of software has to
         | be written. I should probably throw the guy a few bucks,
         | considering his code runs in basically every big script on the
         | planet.
        
         | qznc wrote:
         | It seems to have features I was not aware of. I would not have
         | guessed that it contains anything networking-related.
        
           | ninkendo wrote:
           | Sudo's networking functionality is infuriating too, because
           | if my system's DNS is broken, I get to wait 60 seconds for
           | sudo to work, during which time I can't even ctrl+c to
           | cancel!
           | 
           | (It has to do with sudoers entries having a host field, since
           | the file is designed to be deployed to multiple servers,
           | which may each want differing sudoers rules. It's truly 90s
           | era software.)
        
           | account42 wrote:
           | Feature bloat is the last thing you'd want in security
           | relevant software.
        
           | surajrmal wrote:
           | I really prefer the design of run0.
        
       | arjie wrote:
       | I think the rise of the open-source redistributor groupie has
       | been an interesting cultural revolution. I wonder if it will
       | persist. Even 10 years ago, the idea of Free As In Speech
       | dominated the idea of Free Software. Today, the greatest
       | enthusiasm on Hacker News and Reddit is for something like Meta's
       | Llama license (which cannot be used by people or corps with
       | sufficient numbers of users). It certainly seems like someone out
       | there could go out and propose the Microfree License which only
       | applies to sufficiently non-rich people.
       | 
       | For my part, I want none of it. I find this reduction of a
       | significant philosophy to some kind of base tax-and-distribute
       | mechanism distasteful. I don't like communities were this stuff
       | is big and they always want to run some taxation scheme where
       | they redirect money to their own personal pet projects. It is
       | fortunate that modern tools are good enough to build personal
       | insulation from this stuff.
       | 
       | Imagine the farce of Apply HN repeated continuously. Simply
       | awful.
        
       | debo_ wrote:
       | Someone make this man a sandwich.
       | 
       | https://xkcd.com/149/
        
       | baggy_trough wrote:
       | systemd, as might be expected, has a sudo replacement in recent
       | versions, for those who think sudo might be a bit long in the
       | tooth: run0
       | 
       | https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/256/run0.ht...
        
       | h4kunamata wrote:
       | Canonical tried to change that with sudo-rs, but by being
       | Canonical they did what Canonical do best since they got too big:
       | Read poop here
        
       | gwbas1c wrote:
       | > Halloween `91 with Todd as the infamous Ducktape Man!
       | 
       | https://www.millert.dev/images/photos/todd_ducktape_man.gif
       | 
       | Uhm, how did Todd relieve himself in that costume?
        
       | cr125rider wrote:
       | This is the guy in the XKCD comic holding up the entire stack.
        
       | DonHopkins wrote:
       | Let's sudo and say we didn't.
        
       | RickJWagner wrote:
       | Todd C. Miller, thank you for your contributions. Sudo is an
       | awesome piece of work.
        
       | heftykoo wrote:
       | It's genuinely terrifying to think how much of the modern
       | internet rests on the shoulders of a few people maintaining core
       | utilities like sudo, curl, and openssl for decades. Todd is a
       | legend.
        
         | rixed wrote:
         | Yes but that would be even more terrifying if it rested on the
         | whims of some soulless corporation.
        
           | redog wrote:
           | ms-sudo to Get-
           | AdministratorPermissionForElevatedSecurityOperations
        
             | dannyw wrote:
             | 0xEFF0332: Operation could not be performed due to missing
             | TPM flag.
        
               | mayhemducks wrote:
               | LOL sob
        
       | khaki54 wrote:
       | I think xkcd should fund it, that would be comical.
        
       | ilaksh wrote:
       | https://github.com/sponsors/sudo-project
       | 
       | Can donate there.
       | 
       | My bank account is basically empty but I will contribute a few
       | bucks.
        
         | wodniok wrote:
         | Or here.
         | 
         | https://opencollective.com/sudo-project
        
         | egorfine wrote:
         | Contributed immediately.
         | 
         | Thanks to sudo-rs: this stolen valor project made me want to
         | financially support the original author.
        
           | zbentley wrote:
           | how does the metaphor of stolen valor (in my understanding:
           | claiming accolades or military credentials/decorations that
           | one never received) apply to that project?
           | 
           | I don't know anything about the history here; it's a genuine
           | question.
        
             | egorfine wrote:
             | Authors of useless rewrites do:
             | 
             | * skip the hard part: designing, getting user feedback and
             | designing again;
             | 
             | * get straight to the fun part: coding in their favorite
             | language after a well-established and proven design;
             | 
             | * get to call themselves "creator of XXX-rs", where "XXX"
             | is a well-known brand and "-rs" is often overlooked.
        
               | ginsider_oaks wrote:
               | would it be better if they didn't skip the hard part?
               | (i.e. if they re-designed it from first principles) does
               | something being hard to do make it more virtuous?
               | 
               | would it be better if they didn't have fun coding it? is
               | something worse if it was fun to make?
        
               | zbentley wrote:
               | I meannnnnn...
               | 
               | Pedantically, the "stolen valor" metaphor absolutely
               | doesn't fit here; you're just griping about the "sudo
               | brand" being used in another project's title (which ...
               | citation needed, and so what? Is "doas" not committing
               | theft but "sudo-improved" is?)
               | 
               | More generally, that's an easy case to make against any
               | software you don't like: "it's just reimplementing
               | $whatever and trying to pretend to be the original
               | therefore it's unethical". Some rewrites are good, and a
               | huge benefit of the act of rewriting is that you _do_
               | have a clear blueprint and understanding of the
               | requirements (hell, _Linux_ was a rewrite). Should the
               | original creators of a thing be the only people who can
               | ethically rewrite it? Where's the line here?
        
               | senderista wrote:
               | A security-focused rewrite of a security-critical program
               | that removes insecure features and prevents whole classes
               | of vulnerabilities from being introduced in the future is
               | hardly "useless".
        
       | b2ccb2 wrote:
       | A good time to advertise for Sudo Mastery by Michael W. Lucas,
       | highly recommend it if you want to dig in a bit deeper.
        
       | chr1ss_code wrote:
       | Thank you :)
        
       | jacquesm wrote:
       | Does he live in Nevada, by chance?
        
       | arkensaw wrote:
       | It never even occurred to me that sudo was something people had
       | to maintain. it's always just been part of linux
        
         | dewey wrote:
         | And Linux is maintained by who?
        
       | theGeatZhopa wrote:
       | sudo contribute --bank --amount
        
       | sodimel wrote:
       | Didn't knew that sudo had a website with a... somewhat
       | interesting logo: https://www.sudo.ws/
        
         | esnard wrote:
         | Wow, is it related to the "make me a sandwich" XKCD?
         | 
         | https://xkcd.com/149/
        
           | Joe_Cool wrote:
           | You do realize the answer is right there:
           | https://www.sudo.ws/about/logo/
           | 
           | (and the old logo) ;)
        
             | esnard wrote:
             | I missed that, thanks!
        
       | zeroping wrote:
       | "This incident will be reported" (in /var/log/auth.log)
        
       | philipwhiuk wrote:
       | > Only enable the TLS listener by default if a TLS cert is
       | specified.
       | 
       | There's a TLS listener in sudo? This project seems to have a
       | tonne of features it shouldn't.
        
       | amai wrote:
       | Only recently sudo got copied by Microsoft for Windows 11:
       | 
       | https://learn.microsoft.com/windows/advanced-settings/sudo/
       | 
       | I guess they didn't pay a cent to Todd Miller.
        
         | burkaman wrote:
         | https://github.com/microsoft/sudo?tab=readme-ov-file#relatio...
         | 
         | > This project is not a fork of the Unix/Linux sudo project,
         | nor is it a port of that sudo project. Instead, Sudo for
         | Windows is a Windows-specific implementation of the sudo
         | concept.
        
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