[HN Gopher] Todd C. Miller - Sudo maintainer for over 30 years
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Todd C. Miller - Sudo maintainer for over 30 years
        
       Author : wodniok
       Score  : 250 points
       Date   : 2026-02-02 17:25 UTC (5 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.millert.dev)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.millert.dev)
        
       | wodniok wrote:
       | Quote from Website: "For the past 30+ years I've been the
       | maintainer of sudo. I'm currently in search of a sponsor to fund
       | continued sudo maintenance and development. If you or your
       | organization is interested in sponsoring sudo, please let me
       | know."
        
       | stego-tech wrote:
       | This is why Big Tech is so desperate for AI to work as a
       | wholesale replacement for software developers: they do not pay
       | for their Open Source consumption as-is, and new maintainers
       | aren't stepping up because they can't afford rent, let alone to
       | devote their full time to FOSS work free of charge like a lot of
       | older project maintainers do.
       | 
       | The fact that sudo is a critical security pillar for trillions of
       | dollars of global infrastructure but this guy gets bupkis for it
       | screams volumes about the current state of technology.
       | 
       | We must do better, or it'll be closed systems (OpenAI, Microsoft,
       | Apple, Google, Oracle) all the way down as maintainers age out,
       | go bankrupt, or die without succession plans in place.
        
         | palmotea wrote:
         | Honestly, it seems like the idealism of open source shouldn't
         | have survived its contact with capitalism, but I suppose the
         | contact wasn't painful enough the the exploitation continued
         | for a long time.
         | 
         | Maybe we need a license that's even more onerous to
         | corporations than the AGPL, like something with a revenue share
         | clause.
         | 
         | Or maybe the problem is the naivete of software engineers. In
         | aggregate, there was so much embrace of libertarianism that no
         | groundwork was laid to protect ourselves from things like AI
         | and offshoring.
        
           | stego-tech wrote:
           | Been pitching that with my FOSS colleagues and peers for
           | years, now. A license for individual and educational use, but
           | pay-to-play for anyone tangentially making revenue from its
           | use. Then the conversation boils down to the business
           | engineering of how much should something cost, with some
           | arguing for flat yearly rates, and others arguing for cost-
           | per-unit, while others still fret about "disrupting" the
           | status quo immediately after acknowledging its untenability.
           | 
           | It's...frustrating, but those who do the work are the most
           | qualified to explain what they need. For the rest of us, it's
           | encouraging them to seek reasonable compensation for their
           | work from those who exploit it for profit, and that doing so
           | doesn't necessarily go against the spirit of open source.
        
             | calvinmorrison wrote:
             | can't wait for popularity-contest(1) to be mandatory and
             | required a linked credit card.
        
           | acuozzo wrote:
           | > the idealism of open source shouldn't have survived its
           | contact with capitalism
           | 
           | The US economy of the 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s made it
           | possible.
        
           | softfalcon wrote:
           | I don't mean to come across as far too cynical, but in what
           | world has a software license ever stopped the greedy and
           | powerful from pillaging the IP of other people smaller and
           | weaker than them?
           | 
           | In my opinion, libertarianism in software is a hollow dream
           | that leads people to make foolish decisions that can't be
           | protected. This makes it easy for corporations to exploit and
           | quash any barely audible opposition.
           | 
           | Almost as if by plan, the libertarian mindset has eroded and
           | weakened open source protections, defanging and declawing it
           | every step of the way.
        
         | htx80nerd wrote:
         | >"it screams volumes about the current state of technology."
         | 
         | about the current state of Big Corp vampires who are happy to
         | bleed everyone dry to put more $$ in their own very fat pockets
        
           | softfalcon wrote:
           | Exactly
        
           | functionmouse wrote:
           | Our economic system starves you to death if you don't
           | 
           | People aren't vampires because they're on top, they're on top
           | because they're vampires.
           | 
           | Shit flows downstream
        
             | whatis991 wrote:
             | A change in economic system might be neither sufficient nor
             | necessary, especially if the new economic system turns out
             | to be even worse, or a scam.
             | 
             | One approach is to have expectations to not only the
             | economic system, but also other systems, and the different
             | people involved, no matter if they're on the top, on the
             | bottom, or somewhere in the middle.
        
         | softfalcon wrote:
         | Sounds like the system is working as intended...
         | 
         | Not trying to be glib here. This feels like the embrace,
         | extend, extinguish pattern that we jokingly used to think was
         | only Microsoft. It is now becoming more and more obviously the
         | modus operandi of the entire enterprise software ecosystem.
         | 
         | I believe you are correct to be frustrated and ringing the
         | alarm bell. This is a "death of the commons" moment for OSS.
        
         | drnick1 wrote:
         | > and new maintainers aren't stepping up because they can't
         | afford rent, let alone to devote their full time to FOSS work
         | free of charge like a lot of older project maintainers do.
         | 
         | What about the Rust rewrite (sudo-rs)? I think it shows people
         | are interested in maintaining and/or modernizing tools taken
         | for granted.
        
           | whatis991 wrote:
           | It has a more lax license AFAIK. Also, many Rust projects and
           | libraries have been abandoned, or are in so-so shapes.
           | 
           | Edit:
           | 
           | To specify, new projects like sudo-rs may seem promising, but
           | going by observation and experience with similar projects,
           | there is no guarantee that sudo-rs and similar projects will
           | be successful, good and continued to be maintained. The
           | problems with old projects can end up applying to new
           | projects as well. And projects in Rust are no exception,
           | going by experience with existing, older Rust projects.
           | 
           | Aside, a pet peeve I have is that for instance Ruffle has not
           | turned out as successful as I had hoped for, even after
           | several years and many sponsors. The proprietary Flash
           | runtimes written in C still outperform Ruffle greatly in some
           | cases, causing problems for some users that want to use
           | Ruffle instead of other runtimes.
        
             | aw1621107 wrote:
             | > Also, many Rust projects and libraries have been
             | abandoned, or are in so-so shapes.
             | 
             | This seems like a bit of a non-sequitur; the state of non-
             | sudo-rs projects/libraries says nothing about the state of
             | sudo-rs itself.
             | 
             | Not to mention that I'd imagine a similar statement would
             | probably be true for projects and libraries written in
             | _any_ reasonably popular language.
        
               | fragmede wrote:
               | If there are 1000 projects that aren't sudo-rs but are
               | similarly load bearing, and they have all been
               | abandoned/in so-so shape, you're right that it doesn't
               | actually say anything about sudo-rs, but there's a highly
               | probable outcome that will be inferred by most people.
               | Incorrectly or otherwise.
        
             | voxl wrote:
             | How is this a counter argument for anything? A more
             | permissive license is not inherently a bad thing. Many C
             | and C++ projects are also abandon or in so-so condition,
             | why you uniquely call out Rust makes little sense. Either
             | sudo-rs fills the void or it doesn't, but it is a counter
             | point to this idea that open source projects have no path
             | of evolution. Just because that path doesn't look like how
             | you want it to doesn't mean it doesn't exist.
        
             | ndiddy wrote:
             | > It has a more lax license AFAIK.
             | 
             | Sudo uses the OpenBSD license, while sudo-rs is dual
             | licensed under MIT and Apache 2.0. Both licenses seem
             | equally permissive to me.
        
           | tokyobreakfast wrote:
           | By modernizing do you mean rewriting mature software in a
           | meme language with less features than the original and
           | introducing new bugs in the process?
           | 
           | The Rust smokescreen is mostly being used to slowly eradicate
           | the GPL.
           | 
           | Like Lenin said, "Who stands to gain?"
        
             | wrs wrote:
             | "Meme language"? There are plenty of memes about C, and
             | they aren't as flattering.
        
           | alt227 wrote:
           | IMO rust rewrites are done quickly to gain attention and
           | kudos. They are very rarely maintainted to the same quality
           | of the originals.
        
             | hobofan wrote:
             | Yes, I'm sure they also founded a whole foundation[0] to do
             | that just for "attention and kudos".
             | 
             | [0]: https://trifectatech.org/
        
         | whatis991 wrote:
         | This might be a controversial view:
         | 
         | What if the exploitative aspect is open source itself? Trick
         | some above average but naive developers into giving their
         | talent, effort, insights and time away for free or very little?
         | Maybe open source or something similar could have been
         | organized in a way that wasn't exploitative and wasn't
         | (possibly) unsustainable, but that is not how things ended up
         | with what Richard Stallman and others organized.
        
           | markus_zhang wrote:
           | I think at least the license should say something like we
           | will charge on a per CPU or whatever basis for commercial
           | usage.
           | 
           | You give it away for free so don't be surprised to get
           | abused. Human nature working at its best and worst here.
        
           | monero-xmr wrote:
           | The exact moment you charge for something, you need payment
           | processing, a bank, a legal entity to hold said processed
           | funds, you have liability, you need some sort of marketing /
           | sales process (even if it's just copy on a website), and the
           | barrier for someone to use your product is suddenly extremely
           | high, simply because it costs something.
           | 
           | Release it for free, no barrier to entry, no legal liability,
           | the entire world can use it instantly. This is why free
           | software spreads and catches on - precisely because it's
           | free.
           | 
           | There is no way to form a business around FOSS without
           | becoming a gatekeeping high-barrier entity. You can release
           | for free then charge extra for consulting or special
           | features, which many have done and continue to experiment
           | with.
           | 
           | But the core reason why FOSS spreads and took over is
           | precisely why it is difficult to fund. No one is going to pay
           | for something when the alternative is free. And the moment
           | you start to charge some free alternative comes along and
           | your prior users spurn you as greedy
        
             | whatis991 wrote:
             | I think you have good arguments, but I wonder if there are
             | alternatives that could work in at least some cases. Like,
             | how Unreal engine's license works. Source-available to game
             | developers, but in theory limited to paying customers, or
             | something along those lines.
        
             | palmotea wrote:
             | > The exact moment you charge for something, you need
             | payment processing, a bank, a legal entity to hold said
             | processed funds, you have liability, you need some sort of
             | marketing / sales process (even if it's just copy on a
             | website),
             | 
             | That seems like an area that's ripe for innovation. What
             | does it take to get setup on a platform like Patreon? Seems
             | like something similar ought to be setup for open
             | source/independent development, probably an idealistic
             | nonprofit.
             | 
             | > and the barrier for someone to use your product is
             | suddenly extremely high, simply because it costs something.
             | 
             | All the organizations who really ought to pay are already
             | setup to do all that, and do it all the time.
             | 
             | > But the core reason why FOSS spreads and took over is
             | precisely why it is difficult to fund. No one is going to
             | pay for something when the alternative is free. And the
             | moment you start to charge some free alternative comes
             | along and your prior users spurn you as greedy
             | 
             | What we need is innovation. Maybe a license that has a
             | trip-wire? If not enough money is voluntarily deposited
             | into a tip jar over a certain period of time, the license
             | requires a modest payment from all for-profit organizations
             | of a particular size.
             | 
             | That's up-front, is for the most part free, and
             | incentivizes some payment.
        
             | hypeatei wrote:
             | The code can become "radioactive" as well when a software
             | library goes paid. It starts phoning home with information
             | about its environment to ensure compliance which is just
             | kinda... icky to most devs. I certainly don't want that
             | bloat in my dependencies.
        
               | ycombinatrix wrote:
               | That's a good point. There's no good way to ensure your
               | open source (source available?) project isn't being
               | ripped off by some company.
               | 
               | Even if you add functionality to phone home, it can be
               | removed by all but the dumbest offenders.
        
             | imoverclocked wrote:
             | This is an upfront cost and is possibly a one-time cost
             | per-agreement.
             | 
             | Practically nobody downloads and installs sudo directly
             | from the project website; people install it with their
             | distribution of choice. The agreement could be automated
             | and included in the licensing process. ie: the license
             | gives specific distributions access to the software (either
             | via paid or other agreed-upon terms appropriate to the
             | distribution) and perhaps individual licensing terms for
             | non-commercial entities.
             | 
             | Of course, the bigger ask in this decade is in use for
             | training LLMs. OSS shouldn't be laundered through an LLM
             | (IMHO) for license avoidance. Maybe some projects are OK
             | with that (eg: many BSD licensed works.) There are some
             | that likely aren't.
        
           | Zambyte wrote:
           | All of this is true, but ironically Free Software is about
           | ensuring people have control over their computers, and Open
           | Source spun the narrative to make it about getting software
           | cheap or without paying at all.
           | 
           | People having control over their computer (and even having
           | the right to share what they run on their computer!) is
           | completely compatible with people paying for software labor.
        
             | fragmede wrote:
             | No it isn't. People having control over their own computer
             | is in direct contradiction with people paying for software
             | labor. In an honest world, sure, but in reality, people
             | don't want to pay for shit and are going to steal from you.
             | The Pirate Bay is still running and isn't going away. So is
             | Anna's archive.
        
           | kristopolous wrote:
           | We shouldn't let cynical greedy bastards set the terms for
           | how the rest of society wishes to engage
        
             | whatis991 wrote:
             | There can be "cynical greedy bastards" in many places. If
             | you optimize against them in one regard and place, will you
             | also handle them elsewhere well? And calling for change can
             | be abused by some of them to open new opportunities for
             | exploitation, this time benefitting some different group of
             | them.
             | 
             | You need to have an alternative, and it needs to be a
             | credible and reliable one, to ensure that it does not end
             | up being the case that one scam is replaced with another
             | scam.
        
               | kristopolous wrote:
               | I really think that criminal theory needs to progress. We
               | differentiate between say consensual intimacy and rape
               | and we don't let the existence of sexual abusive people
               | set the terms for our romantic encounters.
               | 
               | We have carved out a class of engagements, labeled it
               | deeply asocial, criminalized it and now we pursue people
               | who engage in it through legal means.
               | 
               | Business really doesn't have this. Personal example -
               | last week I was at a place where the business owner tried
               | to overcharge me by an order of magnitude and then
               | verbally attacked me when I caught him and backed out of
               | the transaction.
               | 
               | His google and yelp reviews are full of people claiming
               | false charges and all kinds of fraud, refusal to correct
               | and repeated abuse until they closed their cards. It's
               | wildly obvious what's going on here and I was on the ball
               | enough to catch it.
               | 
               | I contacted the police and they said "well you should
               | call the BBB or something". It's dozens of reviews of
               | clear credit card fraud and for some reason because he's
               | a merchant, doesn't seem to hit the radar.
               | 
               | These are purely criminal matters - people acting
               | habitually in bad faith with ill intent in a brazenly
               | dishonest manner.
               | 
               | Whether it's plundering the commons, polluting the public
               | discourse, or breaking other types of social compacts,
               | these should be treated the same as any other crime.
        
               | whatis991 wrote:
               | Does your country allow suing him for a large monetary
               | amount? Have you talked to the media? A lawyer? Maybe
               | together with others? Made it as easy as possible for the
               | police to get him, paper trail, receipts and all?
               | 
               | You do have points, though, but there might at least be
               | some actions that you and others can take in this case.
               | Maybe a medium change like changing the law on this
               | specific point might make sense.
        
               | kristopolous wrote:
               | I'm not law enforcement. This shouldn't be my job. If I
               | see someone robbing a store with a mask on and a gun I
               | should be able to call the police, report it, and hand it
               | off.
               | 
               | If there's an accumulation of complaints against this
               | merchant then that should warrant an investigation.
               | 
               | The police have like half the local city budget, can't
               | they do their job?
        
         | SoftTalker wrote:
         | Why should something like sudo not be "done" after 30 years?
         | 
         | Sudo is one of the poster children for creeping featuritis, to
         | the point that the sudoers man page is a meme ("Don't despair
         | if you are unfamiliar with EBNF ...")
         | 
         | Even OpenBSD gave up and implmented their own simplified
         | replacement (doas).
        
           | asveikau wrote:
           | This community and others like it are so weird in that if
           | they see something as stable as sudo but without recent
           | commits, rather than conclude that it's solid and doesn't
           | need further changes, they see it as some kind of a problem
           | and want to switch to something that's seen major changes in
           | the last week.
           | 
           | Maybe that's somehow related to why so many companies are
           | shoving AI into a bunch of stuff that doesn't need it. Gotta
           | keep everything on the hype train. Working and fulfilling
           | people's needs is no longer good enough.
        
             | catdog wrote:
             | The thing is, there is next to no software that "doesn't
             | need further changes" at all. There is always something,
             | sure it might be infrequent and/or most of the time nothing
             | really big or difficult (except sometimes) but the point
             | is: someone needs to step up and do it.
             | 
             | If a see a project with recent activity, best from multiple
             | people it is a strong signal that this will happen, if the
             | last commit is a year ago I must assume it's completely
             | abandoned because most of the time it just is. Sometimes
             | it's clearly communicated that it is the way because the
             | authors see it as essentially feature complete, there are
             | some examples of this but not that many honestly.
        
           | blame-troi wrote:
           | Different platform but the simplest mainframe utility
           | IEFBR14, a noop process to trigger JCL events started as one
           | instruction. Then two. Then debate started about which
           | machine instruction should be used to set the return code to
           | zero ...
        
             | pjsg wrote:
             | Hence IEFBR14A
        
           | rustyhancock wrote:
           | Similarly sudo-rs and doas-rs exist now.
           | 
           | I'm not sure what can be gained for further development of
           | the OG c sudo, add security patches of course.
           | 
           | But fund adding yet another feature 99.9% of users will never
           | use? I can't fathom the justification for that. Just adding
           | attack surface at this point.
           | 
           | Rightly both doas and the *-rs drops ins intend to drop most
           | of those unnecessary features.
        
           | eviks wrote:
           | Because we haven't progressed to the angelic level of
           | software development, so nothing is bug-free, which
           | especially important in something security-critical like sudo
        
           | ddtaylor wrote:
           | Even if sudo itself never changed, the system around it
           | changes pretty drastically. I agree the scope of the tool
           | should be smaller and it violates the Unix philosophy
           | (whatever that is worth these days)
        
           | stego-tech wrote:
           | Bugfixes and security vulnerabilities, mostly. So long as
           | fallible humans make fallible hardware running fallible
           | software that in turn executes and/or compiles fallible code,
           | there will always be a need for continued development of
           | critical tooling and packages.
           | 
           | On a long enough timeline, those fixes become fewer and less
           | frequent as the codebase improves, but there is no "done" in
           | software unfortunately. Hell, entropy itself means _nothing_
           | is ever done, just in an ever-changing state.
        
           | throw0101a wrote:
           | > _Why should something like sudo not be "done" after 30
           | years?_
           | 
           | Because new needs arise over time. For example, when I
           | started in IT the "sudoedit" functionality was not present
           | and so allowing someone to do "sudo vi ..." would allow them
           | breakout of the editor when it was running as root.
           | 
           | With _sudoedit_ you can give people permissions to edit
           | particular files with elevated permissions.
           | 
           | > _Even OpenBSD gave up and implmented their own simplified
           | replacement (doas)._
           | 
           | They did not "give up": they found they needed only much
           | simpler functionality shipped in the base OS. For example,
           | sudo has functionality to talk to LDAP (which I've used at
           | multiple jobs over the years), but is not needed for a local-
           | only box. Once you need centralized account and privilege
           | management, _doas_ becomes much less useful.
        
             | groundzeros2015 wrote:
             | > sudo has functionality to talk to LDAP
             | 
             | That is scary! I may need to look more at openbsd
        
               | overfeed wrote:
               | There's a Linux port of doas named OpenDoas
        
               | adolph wrote:
               | The purpose is to allow users access by ldap criteria
               | like group so the sodoers file need not be edited on each
               | and every server.
               | 
               | https://www.sudo.ws/docs/man/sudoers.ldap.man/
        
               | groundzeros2015 wrote:
               | Yeah, that's not something I would expect a core until to
               | do.
               | 
               | I would expect another system to query ldap.
        
           | numbsafari wrote:
           | What are you, a dentist moonlighting as an angel investor?
           | 
           | Software is never "done".
           | 
           | The underlying APIs are always changing. The compilers and
           | system libraries are changing.
           | 
           | Featuritis is a thing, but rolling it back is non-trivial as
           | there are folks who depend upon it.
        
             | ycombinatrix wrote:
             | Just curious, why did you use "dentist" in your analogy
             | over any other profession?
        
           | b00ty4breakfast wrote:
           | Are you saying you would be using something that fills the
           | same critical role as sudo even if it had not received any
           | updates in a decade or more? Because that sounds insane
        
           | butterfi wrote:
           | Because environments change, it hasn't been immutable.
        
         | arccy wrote:
         | maintainers need to learn to say "no" to scope creep and
         | entitled users.
         | 
         | sudo should have been a near complete tool after it was
         | written.
        
           | sllabres wrote:
           | So no #includedir, no LDAP integration, no log_input/output,
           | no PAM integration ...?
        
         | pwndByDeath wrote:
         | I've always favored the view that digital goods are only scarce
         | until they are released. if we had a market for patch releases
         | once they hit some goal. Uses could tip to reach the goal.
         | After the goal is reached the patch is released and to all.
         | Still have free loaders but one might live on the work
        
           | WorkerBee28474 wrote:
           | So...crowdfunding via a platform like Kickstarter?
        
       | akokanka wrote:
       | Have used sudo millions of times. It's so smooth I don't even
       | consider it software. Thinking that sudo could give me bug one
       | day haunts me now. Thanks Miller for your work!
        
       | jmclnx wrote:
       | I would _love_ to know were IBM is on this. They use sudo
       | everywhere, even on AIX. Not to mention IBM owns Red Hat Linux.
       | 
       | IBM should be able to send a decent amount to Todd once in a
       | while, but based upon how much IBM supports ssh ($0), all they
       | are proving is they are very cheap and only wants be a parasite
       | living off other's work.
        
       | fdupress wrote:
       | Seeing the server temperatures go up as this gets posted to HN is
       | fun. I'm not sure his server agrees.
        
         | divbzero wrote:
         | "Machine Room Temperature" from Todd C. Miller's website:
         | 
         | https://www.millert.dev/therm/
         | 
         | Server exhaust fan temperature was typically 94degF (ranged
         | 92degF to 96degF) over the previous week and has climbed to
         | 97degF.
        
           | divbzero wrote:
           | But, on the whole, the server seems to be doing well enough
           | for something near the top of HN. The website is served by
           | nginx and appears to be mostly static pages.
        
       | calvinmorrison wrote:
       | I once wrote hacking is ethical. Maybe I meant 'eventual'.
       | Instead of Red-Hat sponsoring sudo, china can sponsor him to put
       | hacks in.
        
       | kleiba wrote:
       | Obligatory xkcd: https://xkcd.com/2347/
        
         | kleiba wrote:
         | ...although this one would have been a good fit too, of course:
         | https://xkcd.com/149/
        
           | divbzero wrote:
           | This xkcd is featured as the maintainer's user icon on
           | GitHub:
           | 
           | https://github.com/millert
        
             | varun_ch wrote:
             | and it's also the inspiration for the logo of sudo
             | https://www.sudo.ws/
        
       | zerotolerance wrote:
       | But today people can just vibe code their own sudo "with
       | blackjack and hookers!"
       | 
       | /s
       | 
       | Really though, it is remarkable just how high we've built this
       | towering house of cards on the selfless works of individuals. The
       | geek in me immediately begins meditating on OSS funding
       | mechanisms I've seen in the past, and what might work today. Then
       | I remember that I don't believe it can work, but hope desperately
       | that people like Todd can keep paying rent and continue getting
       | some satisfaction from the efforts.
        
       | OsamaJaber wrote:
       | 30+ years maintaining one of the most critical pieces of
       | infrastructure on nearly every Linux and Unix system, and he's
       | currently looking for a sponsor to fund continued development.
       | Every company running sudo in production owes this man. Someone
       | should fix that
        
         | boringg wrote:
         | Right? A company to step and cut a check to support this would
         | get positive publicity and there doing something good for
         | community at large. Someone step up.
        
           | lovich wrote:
           | Companies don't step up and do things for the common good.
           | They do things for profit. Occasionally that looks like they
           | are charitable if the value of the PR is worth it for them.
           | 
           | No one[1] changes what product they are using based on
           | funding or not of open source software. Companies will step
           | in and fund it if they want control, like with Rust, or if
           | the maintainer finally stops giving them free labor and they
           | actually need the software.
           | 
           | [1] not enough people to alter finances
        
         | oconnore wrote:
         | Why would you be running sudo in production? A production
         | environment should usually be setup up properly with explicit
         | roles and normal access control.
         | 
         | Sudo is kind of a UX tool for user sessions where the user
         | fundamentally can do things that require admin/root privileges
         | but they don't trust themselves not to fat finger things so we
         | add some friction. That friction is not really a security
         | layer, it's a UX layer against fat fingering.
         | 
         | I know there is more to sudo if you really go deep on it, but
         | the above is what 99+% of users are doing with it. If you're
         | using sudo as a sort of framework for building setuid-like
         | tooling, then this does not apply to you.
        
           | acdha wrote:
           | > A production environment should usually be setup up
           | properly with explicit roles and normal access control.
           | 
           | ... and sudo is a common tool for doing that so you can do
           | things like say members of this group can restart a specific
           | service or trigger a task as a service user without otherwise
           | giving them root.
           | 
           | Yes, there are many other ways to accomplish that goal but it
           | seems odd to criticize a tool being used for its original
           | purpose.
        
             | pphysch wrote:
             | PSA for anyone reading this, you _should_ probably use
             | polkit instead of sudo if you just want to grant systemd-
             | related permissions, like restarting a service, to an
             | unprivileged user.
             | 
             | It's roughly the same complexity (one drop-in file) to
             | implement.
        
               | acdha wrote:
               | I'd broaden that slightly to say you should try to have
               | as few mechanisms for elevating privileges as possible:
               | if you had tooling around sudo, dzdo, etc. for PAM,
               | auditing, etc. I wouldn't lightly add a third tool until
               | you were confident that you had parity on that side.
        
           | bobmcnamara wrote:
           | Auditing.
        
           | throw0101a wrote:
           | > _Why would you be running sudo in production? A production
           | environment should usually be setup up properly with explicit
           | roles and normal access control._
           | 
           | And doing cross-role actions may be part of that production
           | environment.
           | 
           | You could configure an ACME client to run as a service
           | account to talk to an ACME server (like Let's Encrypt), write
           | the nonce files in /var/www, and then the resulting new
           | certificate in /etc/certs. But you still need to restart (or
           | at least reload) the web/IMAP/SMTP server to pick up the
           | updated certs.
           | 
           | But do you want the ACME client to run as the same service
           | user as the web server? You can add _sudo_ so that the ACME
           | service account can tell the web service account /web server
           | to do a reload.
        
           | bigstrat2003 wrote:
           | Almost everyone is running sudo in production.
        
           | bloqs wrote:
           | the fact this is a reply to the content in the parent just
           | demos the complete lack of social skills or empathy many in
           | this community are known for
        
         | brightball wrote:
         | This is a good example of Diffusion of Responsibility.
         | 
         | Everybody thinks somebody else should help, so nobody does.
        
           | lenerdenator wrote:
           | I don't think they even see it as their responsibility, more,
           | "If he wanted money, he should have charged for his
           | software".
        
           | shimman wrote:
           | Seriously, just put a VAT on digital services to fund a
           | system that pays out grants to individuals to help maintain
           | open source software. It should be obvious by now that
           | corporations will rat fuck the commons for monetary gain and
           | there is a serious need for democratic initiatives to put
           | technology back into the hands of the people.
        
         | shevy-java wrote:
         | I disagree on "the most critical" part. You can be superuser at
         | all times. I understand the arguments why not; I am pointing
         | out that this is possible. Despite people claiming aliens will
         | arrive and nothing will work, everything works fine when the
         | superuser account is used too.
         | 
         | Also, I disagree that every company needs to pay the man.
         | Funding is important, yes, but a *nix system is not crippled
         | without sudo. You can change the permission systems. The
         | superuser can do so too. It is not black magic. The permission
         | system is trivial. sudo is simply a feature of convenience, not
         | a "if sudo does not exist, nothing works" - that just makes no
         | sense.
        
         | noosphr wrote:
         | Whenever people say that MIT or GPL licenses are a good idea I
         | point out projects like this.
         | 
         | Only humans should have freedom zero. Corporations and robots
         | must pay.
        
           | groby_b wrote:
           | That's a nice slogan, but how does it work?
           | 
           | Say, I clone sudo. Clearly, a human applying freedom zero. I
           | use it in my projects. Probably still freedom zero. I use it
           | in my CI pipeline for the stuff that makes me money...
           | corporation or human? If it's corporation, what if I sponsor
           | a not-for-profit that provides that piece of CI infra?
           | 
           | The problem is that "corporation or not" has more shades than
           | you can reasonably account for. And, worse, the cost of
           | accounting for it is more than any volunteer wants to
           | shoulder.
           | 
           | Even if this were a hard and legally enforceable rule, what
           | individual maintainer wants to sue a company with a legal
           | department?
           | 
           | What _could_ work is a large collective that licenses free
           | software with the explicit goal of extracting money from
           | corporate users and distributing it to authors. Maybe.
        
             | conception wrote:
             | Not for commercial use without buying a license is a pretty
             | standard licensing scheme. This has been worked out for
             | decades.
        
               | mulmen wrote:
               | What happens when the code is abandoned? Can I make my
               | own changes whenever I want?
               | 
               | The problem with commercial software is the lock in.
        
               | groby_b wrote:
               | And the shades in between account for the large number of
               | new licensing schemes sprouting, with different
               | restrictions on what is and isn't possible. (Not to
               | mention the large number of "just used it anyways"
               | instances). And it struggles for smaller utilities, or
               | packages of many different things.
               | 
               | It's "worked out" in the sense that it still doesn't
               | really work for a lot of maintainers.
        
           | wmf wrote:
           | You can demand payment but it doesn't mean you'll get paid.
           | These days companies will clone your work instead of paying.
        
             | zhengyi13 wrote:
             | As covered literally just a few days ago (IIRC), you
             | absolutely _can_ demand payment:
             | https://github.com/LGUG2Z/komorebi actively works to detect
             | MDM, and if found, demand payment.
             | 
             | Not open source, but an interesting counterpoint, I think.
        
               | bsnnkv wrote:
               | Relevant articles are here
               | 
               | - https://lgug2z.com/articles/normalize-identifying-
               | corporate-...
               | 
               | - https://lgug2z.com/articles/i-started-identifying-
               | corporate-...
               | 
               | The post-open source space is indeed a very exciting
               | space in 2026
        
           | saubeidl wrote:
           | The GPL is a good idea. It's our socieconomic system that
           | isn't.
        
             | noosphr wrote:
             | Everything is a good idea if you assume a world in which it
             | works.
        
               | fragmede wrote:
               | Communism has entered the chat.
        
               | saubeidl wrote:
               | That, for example, would be a better system. One the GPL
               | would work beautifully in.
        
               | david-gpu wrote:
               | If you can't explain why it did not work in the past, and
               | can't explain how & why things will be different this
               | time, you don't have a plan. History is a harsh mistress.
        
           | omoikane wrote:
           | I am not sure sudo is licensed under MIT or GPL, looks it's
           | like a mix of licenses[1]. The end of the first license says
           | it's sponsored in part by DARPA.
           | 
           | From 2010 to February 2024, it was sponsored by Quest
           | Software according to the history page[2].
           | 
           | [1] https://github.com/sudo-project/sudo/blob/main/LICENSE.md
           | 
           | [2] https://www.sudo.ws/about/history/
        
           | sixtyj wrote:
           | The behavior of corporations is shameful.
           | 
           | After all, people in these companies don't work for free and
           | are able to spend a lot of money for other services.
        
           | throw0101c wrote:
           | > _Corporations and robots must pay._
           | 
           | Greenpeace is a (non-profit) corporation. Unions are
           | corporations. Municipalities. Colleges and universities.
           | 
           | * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_person
           | 
           | Should they have to pay?
        
             | noosphr wrote:
             | Yes.
        
         | groby_b wrote:
         | You can only fix that with leverage. The sudo maintainer
         | doesn't have it. sudo is valuable, but if Todd stepped away,
         | you could (and would) find other maintainers because it's so
         | important.
         | 
         | If you want to fix it, you need organizational heft comparable
         | to the companies using it, and the ability & willingness to
         | make freeriding a more painful experience.
        
         | af78 wrote:
         | Surprisingly Jia Tan has not offered to help yet.
        
         | tuhgdetzhh wrote:
         | Reminds me of https://xkcd.com/2347/
        
         | gonzo41 wrote:
         | At the least, all the hyperscalers should be putting money into
         | a fund for this sort of thing.
        
       | jandrese wrote:
       | Honestly he should open a Patreon. There are loads of people that
       | would subscribe to Sudo for $2/month or $5/month.
        
         | rileymat2 wrote:
         | The problem is if I was going to do that with the open source
         | projects I use, it is more like a penny a month * 1000
         | projects.
        
           | bobmcnamara wrote:
           | $.01/user/month would be quite a bit here
        
             | einsteinx2 wrote:
             | Subtract the standard ~3 cent transaction fee and he'd end
             | up owing money instead. That seems to always be the catch
             | with micropayment ideas.
        
               | __turbobrew__ wrote:
               | Sounds like we need an open source index fund where you
               | can make one payment that goes into a pool of money which
               | is invested into the top 1000 open source projects.
        
               | aftbit wrote:
               | It almost seems like someone ought to be able to build
               | some kind of digital currency with low transaction fees
               | and no centralized payment processor that could power
               | microtransactions. I wonder why nobody has done that yet.
        
               | einsteinx2 wrote:
               | I know crypto was supposed to solve this problem, but
               | I've never seen an implementation that actually did the
               | job. You'd think someone would have built a successful
               | "Patreon for micropayments" in the past 10 years, but no
               | one has.
        
               | aftbit wrote:
               | Yeah I think the problem is that most of the main chains
               | had astronomical transaction fees; most of the side
               | chains that solved this problem had a trust problem; and
               | Bitcoin Lightning was sorta dead on arrival, though it
               | had both the trust and the technology solution. At that
               | point, this forum had already moved BTC from "amazing new
               | technology" to "huge threat to social order and
               | environment".
        
               | janandonly wrote:
               | Sounds like the above 2 ideas should be combined.
               | Lightning payments are more or less free, and an index or
               | tracker that looks at your bash history could make it
               | possible to spread 5$ per month over all projects that
               | you use.
        
           | ycombinatrix wrote:
           | payment processors: "how about no"
        
             | karamanolev wrote:
             | Why? If every person participating is giving $10-$20 per
             | month to tens or hundreds of projects and then once
             | distributed, this equates to $x00 or $x000/project/month,
             | why would the payment processors mind. Of course, it's all
             | in theory.
        
               | ycombinatrix wrote:
               | they charge a minimum fee per transaction. from Accursed
               | Farms' donation page
               | (https://www.accursedfarms.com/donations/)
               | 
               | "Paypal keeps $0.30 + 2.9% of every donation, so please
               | keep anything less than $0.32 as they have enough money
               | already."
               | 
               | i think Cash App has the lowest fees i've seen at like
               | $0.01 which would still be too much.
               | 
               | not saying it is impossible - but likely not viable
               | directly with the current payment providers.
        
           | squigz wrote:
           | This is why I feel like a missing piece of
           | Patreon/Kofi/whatever is the ability to say "Here's $x;
           | divide it automagically amongst the creators I'm currently
           | following"
           | 
           | Sure, I think a lot of those donations would amount to a few
           | pennies or so at once, but I feel like a lot more people
           | would be willing to support creators if they didn't have to
           | constantly choose which to support.
        
             | robertlagrant wrote:
             | I would love it if something like Github would accept
             | donations from a repo and parcel it out to the repo's
             | dependencies somehow. It would sadly make Github even
             | stickier, but it would be a great feature.
        
         | ak009 wrote:
         | wouldn't https://github.com/sponsors/sudo-project achieve the
         | same thing in this case?
        
           | jandrese wrote:
           | That's great, I wish he had _mentioned it_.
        
             | gregw2 wrote:
             | True, but it sounds like he's more looking for "a" sponsor,
             | not crowdfunding which he already has tried.
             | 
             | That might be why he hasn't mentioned it.
        
         | adolph wrote:
         | They are using github sponsors and have had some level of
         | contributions.
         | 
         | https://github.com/sponsors/sudo-project
        
         | RhysU wrote:
         | I would kick him $20. Anyone know how?
        
       | fHr wrote:
       | Unbelievable, every fortune 500 company should sponsor this you
       | all rely and use this. This makes me so sad I hope this has a
       | good end.
        
       | dwflanagan wrote:
       | sudo pay him
        
       | anigbrowl wrote:
       | I've said it before, open source works poorly in this area. It's
       | great if everyone's getting paid fat money in a day job and can
       | maintain their pet project a few days a month, but that's just
       | not true for a lot of people.
       | 
       | It's disgusting that maintainers of critical projects have to go
       | through the humiliation of begging for money, and absurd to
       | suggest they all hang out Kofi or PAtreon banners. Realistically
       | nobody is going to go through their bash history working out what
       | utilities they use in order of frequency and allocating funds to
       | the maintainers proportionally. I'm baffled that some entity like
       | the Linux Software Foundation isn't administering this already.
        
         | fragmede wrote:
         | > Realistically nobody is going to go through their bash
         | history working out what utilities they use in order of
         | frequency and allocating funds to the maintainers
         | proportionally.
         | 
         | Not if we don't make it easy for them. I had Claude whip up
         | _fundcli_ a while ago, but this post got me to finally upload
         | it. It goes through your http://atuin.sh/ history (raw
         | .bash_history/.*history doesn't have enough information) and
         | generates links to projects for you to donate to.
         | git clone https://github.com/fragmede/fundcli         uv run
         | src/fundcli/cli.py analyze         uv run ./src/fundcli donate
         | --amount 100
         | 
         | to get links to donate $100 for last month's usage. There's
         | also http://thanks.dev if you're looking for other places to
         | donate to based on your open source usage.
        
         | jongjong wrote:
         | I feel like this should have been the responsibility of
         | investors and venture capitalists. In a normal society, the
         | moneyed folks should give special treatment to the folks who
         | have proven themselves to be effective givers.
         | 
         | Unfortunately, it seems like either the moneyed folks don't
         | care or the current financial structure simply does not support
         | this.
        
         | phicoh wrote:
         | I wonder if a few people going beyond what is reasonable, is
         | representative of open source projects.
         | 
         | For a lot of open source projects, if you have a normal day job
         | and spend a few hours per week on a project, then the project
         | just never gets very big. It exists, may have a few users. But
         | on a larger scale, nobody knows it exists.
         | 
         | The exceptions are projects where developers spend a lot of
         | time on the project at the expense of a day job. Though there
         | is the possibility that they may have a hard time having a day
         | job in the first place, which may have let to the situation
         | with the open source project.
         | 
         | In general, I think we do have a culture problem where we think
         | projects need to be successful. And people working on a project
         | 'need' to support users (who in general don't pay).
         | 
         | And that expectation of free work happens throughout the open
         | source ecosystem as well. Distributions expect projects to fix
         | bugs for free. Open source projects expect libraries and
         | compilers to be maintained.
         | 
         | Ultimately, change has to come from people who refuse to work
         | for free. Doing something as a hobby for free is perfectly
         | fine. As long as it stays within the scope of a hobby project.
        
       | shevy-java wrote:
       | The funding problem is an issue.
       | 
       | We need to find better models. Even if it is just "low(er)"
       | payment; that would still be better than zero or near zero
       | payment.
        
         | larodi wrote:
         | Universal Global Contributor Wellness Fund
         | 
         | may also fund retirements for certain individuals, and there is
         | for sure enough free juice to get it started in a very
         | reasonable way. these people really deserve it, the same way
         | Nobels extist, etc.
        
       | dangoodmanUT wrote:
       | Impressive
       | 
       | but the mascot for sudo is terrifying
        
         | ahartmetz wrote:
         | But also quite funny when you make the connection!
        
           | hobofan wrote:
           | Perpetuating misogyny as the mascot of one of the most used
           | pieces of software. Yay!
        
             | ahartmetz wrote:
             | Look again at the xkcd comic (I did before posting the
             | comment). The sandwich-making person is not obviously
             | female, in fact he(?) looks rather male according to xkcd
             | convention.
        
               | hobofan wrote:
               | "make me a sandwich" has been a saying to dismiss women
               | for decades before the xkcd comic existed.
        
       | thelastgallon wrote:
       | There's also NTP.
       | 
       | The Largely Untold Story Of How One Guy In California Keeps The
       | World's Computers Running On The Right Time Zone:
       | https://onezero.medium.com/the-largely-untold-story-of-how-o...
       | 
       | https://xkcd.com/2347/
        
         | debo_ wrote:
         | You forgot the more relevant: https://xkcd.com/149/
        
       | ryandrake wrote:
       | Reading the release history[1]. I'm kind of shocked that sudo
       | gets active development and monthly releases. I would have
       | thought that something this old and venerated would have been
       | "done" long ago.
       | 
       | 1: https://www.sudo.ws/releases/devel/
        
         | hobofan wrote:
         | "Done" software is a myth they tell to young developers so that
         | they can sleep easy at night.
        
         | sizzzzlerz wrote:
         | I was wondering the same thing. I would have thought every
         | possible combination of parameters would have been tried by
         | now. I guess it just goes to show you that your code is never
         | really complete.
        
       | arjie wrote:
       | I think the rise of the open-source redistributor groupie has
       | been an interesting cultural revolution. I wonder if it will
       | persist. Even 10 years ago, the idea of Free As In Speech
       | dominated the idea of Free Software. Today, the greatest
       | enthusiasm on Hacker News and Reddit is for something like Meta's
       | Llama license (which cannot be used by people or corps with
       | sufficient numbers of users). It certainly seems like someone out
       | there could go out and propose the Microfree License which only
       | applies to sufficiently non-rich people.
       | 
       | For my part, I want none of it. I find this reduction of a
       | significant philosophy to some kind of base tax-and-distribute
       | mechanism distasteful. I don't like communities were this stuff
       | is big and they always want to run some taxation scheme where
       | they redirect money to their own personal pet projects. It is
       | fortunate that modern tools are good enough to build personal
       | insulation from this stuff.
       | 
       | Imagine the farce of Apply HN repeated continuously. Simply
       | awful.
        
       | debo_ wrote:
       | Someone make this man a sandwich.
       | 
       | https://xkcd.com/149/
        
       | baggy_trough wrote:
       | systemd, as might be expected, has a sudo replacement in recent
       | versions, for those who think sudo might be a bit long in the
       | tooth: run0
       | 
       | https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/256/run0.ht...
        
       | gsich wrote:
       | Sooner than later it will be replaced with systemd run0.
        
       | h4kunamata wrote:
       | Canonical tried to change that with sudo-rs, but by being
       | Canonical they did what Canonical do best since they got too big:
       | Read poop here
        
       | gwbas1c wrote:
       | > Halloween `91 with Todd as the infamous Ducktape Man!
       | 
       | https://www.millert.dev/images/photos/todd_ducktape_man.gif
       | 
       | Uhm, how did Todd relieve himself in that costume?
        
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