[HN Gopher] Pretty soon, heat pumps will be able to store and di...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Pretty soon, heat pumps will be able to store and distribute heat
       as needed
        
       Author : PaulHoule
       Score  : 118 points
       Date   : 2026-02-01 18:15 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.sintef.no)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.sintef.no)
        
       | rekabis wrote:
       | I would love to see a bus-sized version for year-long temperature
       | moderation. Like, drop house heat into it during the summer so it
       | can re-heat the house over the winter, and pull all the heat out
       | of it by Spring so that it can cool the house over the summer.
       | 
       | Bus sized because that amount of thermal mass is bound to take up
       | a lot of space, but capable of being buried so that it doesn't
       | actually take up property space.
        
         | syntaxing wrote:
         | So...geothermal? I wish this was possible too but I don't see
         | how it will work scientifically. Water is one of the chemicals
         | that have one of the highest thermal mass/specific heat (maybe
         | 1/3 of salt hydrates). Even then, you have to bury a crapton of
         | water underground. This design mentioned in the article is more
         | for short term, like 12 hours storage (since they're
         | accommodating for solar in nighttime)
        
           | Neywiny wrote:
           | Is geothermal not the opposite of that? My understanding was
           | that the geothermal MO is that there's virtually infinite
           | thermal mass in the earth so it won't heat/cool, not that you
           | heat/cool your local chunk
        
             | syntaxing wrote:
             | To a certain extent, yes. The reason why the water is there
             | is because the thermal flux of the ground is low, so the
             | large mass of water provides a strong buffer. But you can't
             | cheap physics. You would need a crap ton of salt hydrate to
             | accommodate a whole season of heat needs, even if you don't
             | factor in thermal loss from the container.
        
           | rekabis wrote:
           | Geothermal needs either a horrifically expensive vertical
           | bore hole going down a few hundred metres, or a good acre of
           | land for laid-down piping. I have neither the money nor the
           | horizontal space. So I am thinking something compact that
           | needs to go only about 6-10m vertically into the ground (so I
           | can hide it fully underground with about a metre of soil on
           | top), and take up the horizontal space of 4 parked cars. I
           | have more than enough room and cash to have that cube of
           | space dug out.
           | 
           | And being on an alluvial plain, if I filter out all the rocks
           | larger than a pea, a good 90+% of what is dug out can
           | immediately be trucked away.
        
         | stubish wrote:
         | You seem to be describing ground sourced heat pumps. If you
         | wanted, you could insulate a a chunk of foundation or earth to
         | avoid heat loss. But just the ground under your building seems
         | to work well enough.
        
           | rekabis wrote:
           | Ground sourced heat pumps need either a horrifically
           | expensive vertical bore hole going down a few hundred metres,
           | or a good acre of land for laid-down piping. I have neither
           | the money nor the horizontal space. So I am thinking
           | something compact that needs to go only about 6-10m
           | vertically into the ground (so I can hide it fully
           | underground with about a metre of soil on top), and take up
           | the horizontal space of 4 parked cars. I have more than
           | enough room and cash to have that cube of space dug out.
           | 
           | And being on an alluvial plain, if I filter out all the rocks
           | larger than a pea, a good 90+% of what is dug out can
           | immediately be trucked away.
        
         | fy20 wrote:
         | I ran the numbers for this a while ago. I live where we have
         | proper winters (currently -22c). I wanted something simple just
         | with solar thermal and water pumps (no heat pump). Sand
         | batteries work at an industrial level, but for domestic use you
         | want something simple so that means just water.
         | 
         | A 100m3 (100,000 litres or 26,500 gallons) cylindrical water
         | tank (approx 5x5m) buried and insulated with 50cm of XPS could
         | provide around 4000kWh of deliverable heat throughout winter.
         | Which would be more than enough for heating and domestic hot
         | water for my house.
         | 
         | In the summer you'd use solar thermal to charge it to 85c. In
         | the winter you'd run water through underfloor heating and
         | discharge it to 35c (so you just need a mixer valve and pump).
         | 
         | The structural engineering part of it isn't actually that
         | complicated (with a garden on top, not a house). You can buy
         | plastic water tanks of that size, it just needs to be buried
         | and have XPS foam placed around it.
         | 
         | Because it's volume, it scales up well. An extra one meter in
         | each direction would increase the volume by around 60%, but you
         | have a lower overall heat loss, so the heat capacity would more
         | than double.
         | 
         | The important part of it is the XPS foam though, without this
         | the loses are too great and you don't retain any heat. This is
         | why insulating your foundation and slab is so effective.
        
           | eande wrote:
           | Interesting practical approach to actual build it. Did you do
           | a cost analyses or RoI?
        
           | bilbo-b-baggins wrote:
           | So... store heat in an insulated swimming pool 10ft deep,
           | 30ft wide, and 90ft long, at 185F, above the service temp for
           | XPS foam, got it, ok. At least you could also use it to sous
           | vide an entire cow.
        
           | rekabis wrote:
           | Pedantic Pete here:                 * The centigrade is
           | capitalized when used after a number. There is also a
           | singular glyph for the entire degree-centigrade convention: .
           | * There are also superscript numerical characters to use with
           | volumes, without having to use formatting: m3.
           | 
           | UTF-8 is fun! As is automatic text replacement, once you have
           | the appropriate triggers set up.
        
         | Xylakant wrote:
         | This exists, in german it's called Eisspeicherheizung. You have
         | a few cubic meters of water buried in a concrete bunker and you
         | use a heat pump to pull energy out of the water until it
         | freezes. The system not only uses the thermal mass of the
         | water, but the thawing/freezing energy which is higher than the
         | energy required to heat water by 1degree by a factor of 80 -
         | meaning if you freeze 1kg of water, you need to pull out enough
         | energy to heat one kg of water by 80 degrees.
         | 
         | You can then use a heat pump that's optimized for the expected
         | temperature range and you don't even need to insulate your
         | water storage tank - you actually want the cold in winter to
         | seep out into the surrounding soil, free energy.
         | 
         | In summer you have cold storage for your AC.
        
         | aidenn0 wrote:
         | I live in a climate where, for most of the year, the daily
         | high-low temperature range includes 20C, so I'd like a whatever
         | sized one is needed to average that out, and run most of the
         | year without any active heating or cooling.
        
       | Neywiny wrote:
       | This is similar to nighthawkinlight's videos on phase change
       | materials. It was very cool to see how his Ziploc bags of
       | homemade goo helped regulate temperature.
        
         | schiffern wrote:
         | In this work the authors use a ceramic-coated extruded aluminum
         | heat spreader to improve thermal conductivity through the bulk
         | PCM, but I wonder if the graphite flake+powder additive
         | demonstrated recently by Tech Ingredients[1] would be a viable
         | alternative? It might need a stabilizer (thickener) to prevent
         | the ingredients from separating.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s-41UF02vrU
        
       | syntaxing wrote:
       | With the adoption of sodium batteries, I wouldn't be surprised if
       | solar panel + sodium battery would outperform this system by a
       | lot.
        
         | belviewreview wrote:
         | A heat pump gets more heat from a given amount of electricity
         | than if the electricity is use for resistive heating. So the
         | ideal design is solar cell + sodium battery + heat pump.
        
         | coffeebeqn wrote:
         | There's also solar thermal panels that heat up a liquid
         | circulating in the system and cut out the need for a battery -
         | and can just store the heated liquid.
        
           | mrguyorama wrote:
           | Efficiencies and effects are at the point where taking a
           | photon, converting it into an electron, and using that
           | electron to pump heat is more efficient than turning that
           | photon perfectly into kinetic energy.
           | 
           | Similarly, in mild weather, it is more efficient to burn
           | hydrocarbons and turn it into electricity to run a heat pump
           | than use that hydrocarbon for it's heat energy directly.
           | 
           | Pumping heat is more efficient than making it.
        
             | Xylakant wrote:
             | Thermal solar panels have the advantage of being very
             | simple and surprisingly effective. But if you're lacking
             | space to put up both solar cells and thermal, you can use
             | combined panels which have a solar cell with a backing
             | thermal system. The interesting thing is that these
             | combined panels outperform solar cells even when it comes
             | to electricity generated because solar panels loose
             | efficiency as they heat up, so cooling them actually
             | improves efficieny. Combined panels are much more
             | expensive, though.
        
               | karussell wrote:
               | The problem with thermal solar panels is that you can use
               | its heated water only if it gets warmer than the water in
               | your system, which is not always the case, especially in
               | winter.
               | 
               | Compared to nearly 100% usable energy from normal solar
               | panels.
               | 
               | Furthermore if you have a heatpump you can convert this
               | electric energy into heat energy with a factor of 3-5
               | (COP).
        
         | manmal wrote:
         | Climates that need a hot tank of water to buffer for heat
         | pumps, will not have meaningful solar panel output during
         | winter. Or do you mean, just load the battery when electricity
         | is cheap? A tank of water is 1k max, probably 10% of a sodium
         | battery.
        
         | Youden wrote:
         | Even LFP batteries can work out better.
         | 
         | I live in Switzerland where these are available. A Cowa 58 [0]
         | costs CHF 4692 [1] and stores up to 13.5kWh. If you're heating
         | the water with a heat pump, that's ~6kWh of electricity, so
         | ~CHF 782/kWh.
         | 
         | I'm in the process of installing a 33kWh battery and the
         | battery + inverter cost CHF 13600 in total for just the
         | hardware, so ~CHF 482/kWh.
         | 
         | If you add solar panels, the inverter does double-duty
         | producing AC from both the battery and the panels. The battery
         | does double-duty producing both hot water and allowing you to
         | use solar energy outside the times when the sun is shining.
         | 
         | That said, having ordered a heat pump recently and being in the
         | process of having solar + batteries installed, the amount of
         | electrical work needed for the solar/battery install is
         | substantially higher than was needed for the heat pump and
         | here, the labour costs quite a lot, pushing the upfront cost
         | difference even higher.
         | 
         | I think that's where these heat storage things fit in: they
         | have a much lower upfront cost. No matter how cheap the
         | battery, for it to be useful in a Swiss residence, it needs to
         | output a substantial amount of 3-phase power (3-phase is
         | standard here, even in most apartments), which means you need
         | to spend a couple thousand Francs on an inverter and electrical
         | work. These heat storage devices are quite cheap and don't even
         | need someone qualified to handle refrigerants, I imagine they
         | could be installed by a normal plumber.
         | 
         | That reduced upfront cost makes them far more accessible than
         | electrical batteries, at least for now.
         | 
         | [0]: https://www.cowa-
         | ts.com/uploads/files/Dokumente/Datenblaette...
         | 
         | [1]: https://nettoheizungshop.ch/Cowa-COMPACT-Cell-58
        
       | Havoc wrote:
       | Starting to get more optimistic about our energy future. Things
       | seem to be tracking pretty good
        
       | hedora wrote:
       | I wonder if this can store any heat or just heat pump heat. If it
       | can store any heat, it would help a lot to further reduce heating
       | costs in our modern energy efficient house.
       | 
       | Sometimes, in the winter, we get too much solar forcing, so if we
       | don't heat all, it can be 85F in the day in the house, but 60-65
       | at night. (We open the windows during the day, and don't always
       | close them at exactly the right time at night.)
        
         | direwolf20 wrote:
         | Heat pump heat is just heat.
        
         | karussell wrote:
         | I think this can work and instead of that the heatpump pumps
         | the heat into your house (when "solar is plenty") it would pump
         | it into the storage. (I have a similar setup, but heat the
         | water but of course this is rather limited)
         | 
         | unrelated: a simple technical solution to your window problem
         | would be home assistant and a few sensors to notify you when
         | the windows are open too long or open when too cold inside.
        
       | chickenimprint wrote:
       | So it's a large version of those rechargeable hand-warmers?
        
         | ZeroGravitas wrote:
         | Yes, it's the same tech. There's been products on the market
         | for a while even though this press release tries to spin it
         | like it's new and linked to heat pumps.
        
         | mrexroad wrote:
         | IIRC BMW used to have a form of this in their cars about 25-30
         | years back so that the hvac would be able to blow heat before
         | the engine coolant was up to temp after sitting overnight.
        
       | hnburnsy wrote:
       | Related, TIL the US is effectively banning residential electric
       | resistance water heaters in 2029, with heat pump water heaters
       | being the only type that can meet the new standards. Users will
       | see a 2-3x in cost difference and a 3 to 8 year payback on
       | savings.
        
         | cucumber3732842 wrote:
         | Is that 2-3x before or after the plumber marks it up?
         | 
         | What an exceptionally moronic thing to ban, the market solves
         | this naturally. Resistance heaters are 100% efficient whatever
         | fraction of the year is heating days. So if that's 1/2 the year
         | and the water heater can't last 16yr because of water quality
         | the heat pump heater will never pay you back.
         | 
         | This reminds me a lot of the time some jerks in west coast
         | desert states convinced the feds to regulate plumbing fixtures
         | so that eastern "we take from the river and put back in the
         | river" municipalities that have more water than they know what
         | to do with have to suffer through low flow everything.
        
           | hnburnsy wrote:
           | Heat pump water heater (hybrid/HPWH, e.g., 50-65 gallon
           | equivalent): Unit prices range from ~$1,500-$3,000+ (most
           | common models $2,000-$2,500), with total installed costs
           | $2,500-$5,000 (higher if electrical upgrades or space mods
           | needed). Average retrofit/install often lands around
           | $3,000-$4,000.
        
             | sgc wrote:
             | Electrical upgrades are almost always required, and price
             | is more like 7k-9k around here. It's going to be seriously
             | painful for a lot of people.
        
               | dashundchen wrote:
               | If you were in the market for an resistive electric heat
               | pump, you likely had the service for it already. A heat
               | pump version will almost always require less power.
        
               | sgc wrote:
               | My bad, read too quickly. I was thinking of the forced
               | change over from gas water heaters, which is already
               | happening in the California Bay Area and will only
               | expand.
        
               | quickthrowman wrote:
               | If you currently have an electric resistive water heater,
               | a heat pump water heater with the same heating capacity
               | will use 3-4x less power, which means you can use a much
               | smaller circuit.
               | 
               | A 6kW 240V EWH uses 25A, it'll need #8 wire and a 35A or
               | 40A breaker.
               | 
               | An equivalent HPHW would use 1.5kW at 240V, or 6.25A. You
               | can use #14s and a 15A breaker.
        
               | drhike wrote:
               | Ehh 120v models exist. My 65 gal runs fine on a standard
               | 20a breaker.
        
             | lm28469 wrote:
             | And for small households they virtually never pay for
             | themselves before they die or need expensive maintenance...
             | It only makes sense if you use a lot of water or if your
             | electricity is very expensive. In my case it's even worse,
             | with solar panels and self sufficiency they literally
             | cannot break even
        
           | direwolf20 wrote:
           | Is the heat pump heater taking heat from inside or outside
           | the house?
        
             | lm28469 wrote:
             | Depends on the model, but a lot use the air from their own
             | room, that's why they can't be installed in small rooms.
             | Models pulling the heat from outside are more expensive and
             | require more labor obviously, and they don't make a lot of
             | sense for places that are bellow 0c multiple month a year
             | as the COP will drop to 1.x and you will most likely need
             | extra electricity for the anti frost cycles
        
               | AlexandrB wrote:
               | But dumping the waste cold air into the house when it's
               | below 0C outside doesn't make much sense either.
        
           | beAbU wrote:
           | Heat pumps are effectively more than 100% efficient fyi. You
           | put 1000W of electricity in, you get 2500W of heat going into
           | the water. (Numbers are only illustrative)
           | 
           | Running cost of heat pumps for heating is much much lower
           | than resistive heating.
        
         | pkulak wrote:
         | If you're making plans 3 years out in the US, you're a fool.
        
         | Sabinus wrote:
         | That's a Biden-Harris administration action. What are the
         | chances that Trump deletes it as a 'Democrat/WEF climate hoax
         | con job' as soon as he's made aware of it?
        
         | amazingman wrote:
         | This is exactly the kind of thing government is for, even
         | though it's missing the other half: subsidies. At the very
         | least buying heat pumps for the next 5 years should be tax
         | deductible. Even better: a $2000 or similar rebate.
        
           | DangitBobby wrote:
           | That's probably exactly what will happen.
           | Energy property - Heat pumps and biomass stoves and boilers
           | Heat pumps that meet or exceed the CEE highest efficiency
           | tier, not including any advanced tier, in effect at the
           | beginning of the year when the property is installed, and
           | biomass stoves and boilers with a thermal efficiency rating
           | of at least 75% qualify for a credit up to $2,000 per year.
           | Costs may include labor for installation.
           | Qualified property includes new:              Electric or
           | natural gas heat pumps         Electric or natural gas heat
           | pump water heaters         Biomass stoves and boilers
           | 
           | https://www.irs.gov/credits-deductions/energy-efficient-
           | home...
        
             | hnburnsy wrote:
             | These are credits that only work if you have owe federal
             | taxes and they cannot be carried forward. I've seen
             | estimates that 40-45% of taxpayers owe 0 or close to 0.
        
               | mrd999 wrote:
               | Eh? If you have income you owe taxes, Uncle Sam just
               | takes it before you even see it
        
               | direwolf20 wrote:
               | _Federal_ taxes specifically.
        
               | JoblessWonder wrote:
               | I think something like 25% of the population reports 0
               | household income.
               | 
               | (I don't understand the implications, it was just
               | surprising when I heard that.)
        
               | DangitBobby wrote:
               | You can also get considerable rebates if your state
               | participates in the "Inflation Reduction Act Home Energy
               | Rebate Program", especially if you are low income. My
               | state is still working on rolling it out but hopefully
               | many people who can't use tax credits will be able to
               | take advantage.
               | 
               | https://www.tn.gov/environment/program-
               | areas/energy/state-en...
        
           | lm28469 wrote:
           | > even though it's missing the other half: subsidies
           | 
           | It's a double edged sword. In my country everyone bought
           | pellet stoves because of the subsidies, hundreds of companies
           | popped up, now that the subsidies have been phased out, 90%
           | of the companies went down, with their support and warranties
           | of course. The 10% that managed to survive increased their
           | prices, which is easy to do once 90% of your competitors went
           | bust
           | 
           | People who thought they'd save money by having the government
           | (their taxes really) pay the bill are waking up 5 years later
           | with expensive maintenance, the first units are starting to
           | fail and need to be replaced but they can't afford it without
           | the 50%+ subsidies. Not to mention that the prices pellets
           | goes up and down faster than your average shitcoin.
        
           | rayiner wrote:
           | The subsidies and rebates are a scam. The installers just
           | jack up the prices until they capture the entire value of the
           | rebate.
        
             | amazingman wrote:
             | This assumes the consumer doesn't know and can't look up
             | the price of the hardware.
        
               | rayiner wrote:
               | The cost of installation vastly exceeds the cost of the
               | hardware. And the installers will only warranty hardware
               | you buy from them.
        
           | seiferteric wrote:
           | The problem is, energy use is only one part of the equation.
           | Often times new appliances that are more efficient end up
           | being more prone to breaking due to more complexity and
           | companies trying to cut costs to meet a price point. This
           | leads to people needing to replace there appliances much more
           | often which really makes me question how much energy is
           | actually saved if you include the energy used to produce
           | them...
        
         | reorder9695 wrote:
         | I don't know about all heat pump systems, but mine at least
         | requires the water tank to have a resistive immersion too. If
         | the tank temperature gets below some threshold the heat pump
         | refuses to work and turns the immersion on instead until it's
         | warmed up enough.
        
         | AlexandrB wrote:
         | The problem with heat pumps replacing electric heaters (in cold
         | climates) is that the waste cold air gets dumped into the house
         | and needs to be heated again. Generally, electric water heaters
         | are expensive to run compared to gas ones, so people use them
         | in places a gas heater is not possible to install (e.g. no way
         | to vent the exhaust). This also means that the heat pump would
         | have nowhere to vent cold air.
         | 
         | This kind of thing is why I don't like bans like this. The
         | specifics matter a lot.
        
       | chickenbig wrote:
       | Perhaps I am missing something; this product already exists as
       | the Sunamp Thermino.
       | 
       | https://sunamp.com/en-gb/hot-water-solutions-thermino-range/
        
         | ZeroGravitas wrote:
         | It also exists, as described in the headline, as a tank of
         | heated water.
         | 
         | The phase change stuff has positives like taking up less
         | physical space but it's also a much less mature tech than
         | storing hot water.
        
           | DrScientist wrote:
           | Indeed.
           | 
           | In the UK there was a unfortunate trend of ripping out these
           | energy storage devices and replacing hot water tanks with on
           | demand electric hot water heating ( only heat the water you
           | need ). And new builds often have no tanks ( as it saves
           | space in the new tiny homes ).
           | 
           | Very short sighted in my view - a very simple way to store
           | energy and everyone uses hot water directly.
        
             | Xylakant wrote:
             | it also reduces peak load - you can heat water up slower
             | with a lower powered heater. I have a 35 liter warm water
             | tank in my garden shed that pulls about 3.5kw - an
             | equivalent on demand heater would need 14kw or more.
        
             | a_better_world wrote:
             | My hot water tank once fell off the wall. On Christmas day.
             | Expensive repair.
             | 
             | Hot water tank was in the basement, which was not
             | insulated. So the mass of hot water contributed very little
             | as a heat reserve for the house.
             | 
             | House was in a northern clime.
        
               | manmal wrote:
               | Those are great for buffering only a few hours though.
               | That would help avoid the expensive electricity price
               | peaks.
        
             | coryrc wrote:
             | They don't work well with heat pumps. Heat pumps lose
             | efficiency as the differential increases, so if you try to
             | store heat in a tank, you quickly drop capacity and
             | efficiency.
             | 
             | Versus resistance, which is exactly as efficient at 0degC
             | and 1000degC, and why those storage heaters used to make
             | sense.
        
           | vee-kay wrote:
           | You are right in your analogy.
           | 
           | Earth's oceans and seas act as giant heat sinks.
           | 
           | And that means more trouble as global climate change
           | impacts..
           | 
           | https://www.earth.com/news/ocean-warming-broke-records-
           | for-4...
        
           | Nition wrote:
           | It's funny how useful water is for power generation.
           | 
           | There's heat storage as discussed here.
           | 
           | Or you can store cold water in a reservoir as a giant
           | battery, pumping it up high when you've got excess power, and
           | letting it back down to generate hydroelectricity from it
           | later.
           | 
           | Or you can boil water to make steam that spins a turbine and
           | use it to convert anything that can heat water (coal, oil,
           | nuclear...) to electricity.
        
             | themafia wrote:
             | > It's funny how useful water is for power generation.
             | 
             | It's gravity that does the generation. Water is convenient
             | because it's weight per unit of volume is very high. Higher
             | than most things we can get our hands on and it's also
             | exceptionally safe.
             | 
             | Since water isn't perfectly clean the main problem you face
             | is corrosion. Which can take a great system and turn it
             | into a nightmare of buried leaks and sudden problems.
             | 
             | As far as our options go it _is_ really convenient.
        
       | metalman wrote:
       | the idea is theoreticaly good, but as it depends on sealing
       | incompatable materials apart, there will be problems, and issues
       | with disposing of failed units.Dry sand works as thermal storage
       | without any issues, and only needs more space, competition will
       | be stiff.Water also works, and ordinary off the floor systems can
       | be used with no modifications. The only advantage the system will
       | have is in places where space constraints combine with the desire
       | for fancy solutions and ecobabble.
        
       | animal531 wrote:
       | Where I live we need a way to store and distribute cold as
       | needed.
        
         | burnt-resistor wrote:
         | Stanford's cogen plant has an underground "ice cube" for
         | campus/municipal chilled water infrastructure. Perhaps scaling
         | something like that makes sense or perhaps to use an absorption
         | heat pump (AHP) that can operate like and the reverse of an
         | Einstein-Szilard refrigerator?
        
       | burnt-resistor wrote:
       | Private equity / Wall St. megacorps want to sell you complex
       | systems that are fragile, unaffordable by the 99%, have short
       | warranty periods, wear out quickly, require cloud logins and
       | proprietary maintenance parts, and are mandated by law.
       | 
       | GFL buying a simple resistive-heated clothes dryer, furnace, or
       | tanked/tankless water heater in 2030.
        
       | chankstein38 wrote:
       | They should've used lasagna. You could be in a tundra heating it
       | over a fire and, as long as you get it sufficiently and
       | consistently hot, it'll still burn your mouth 20minutes later.
        
         | cromka wrote:
         | I was recently wondering if any particular type of food
         | contributes to mouth cancer prevalence and I concluded that at
         | the top of that list would be be lasagna and cherry tomato on a
         | pizza/in a soup.
        
         | Loughla wrote:
         | And yet, if you make it like I do, there always manages to be
         | one piece that is ice cold while the rest is shockingly hot.
         | Even if you're start with warm ingredients.
         | 
         | Physics does not apply to lasagna.
         | 
         | Also I suck at making lasagna.
        
       | jandrese wrote:
       | I've been keeping an eye on heat pump water heaters for awhile,
       | but right now they mostly make sense in warm climates. The big
       | problem is they're still specialty products and marked up like
       | crazy, but also they tend to use cheap components which makes
       | them loud and prone to failure. If you run A/C for the majority
       | of the year then they pay themselves back reasonably quick,
       | barring early failure, but in colder climates they make your
       | house work that much harder to keep the space warm.
       | 
       | The most optimistic hope is that the government mandate will
       | force enough demand that manufacturers can enjoy some economies
       | of scale and actually try to compete on price. I don't think this
       | will happen anytime soon.
        
         | Tor3 wrote:
         | I had a heat pump installed in 2010. In a cold climate. Only
         | used for heating. It paid for itself extremely quickly - less
         | than three years. It's still going strong, in 2026. It's
         | important to maintain it regularly, i.e. deep cleaning every
         | two years or so. The first time I got a company to do it for
         | me, and the technician taught me how to do it all by myself, so
         | that's what I do. In any case having a professional doing it
         | wasn't expensive either. And I clean the dust filters (very
         | easy) every second week or so.
        
           | stuaxo wrote:
           | What did you heat with before?
        
             | manmal wrote:
             | Certainly not gas or oil, which are still cheaper to heat
             | with than heat pumps.
        
           | snuxoll wrote:
           | Installed mini-splits to replace the propane stove that
           | heated my house, DIY job, so all it cost was the units
           | themselves and some materials.
           | 
           | Propane bill (no natural gas, town of 500) from Oct 24 to Feb
           | 25 (installed the mini splits that month) was $1200, for just
           | heating.
           | 
           | My mini-splits are on a dedicated sub panel with an Emporia
           | Vue 3 energy monitor. $604 in electricity consumption, and
           | that includes air conditioning over the summer months.
           | 
           | For what it's worth, our winter weather averages 25-35F with
           | the occasional few days dipping to tens, single digits, and
           | the occasional -10 freak; but these units just BARELY have a
           | HSPF4 rating to classify as "cold climate" models. Still
           | going to pay for themselves in 6 years without any tax
           | credits, and 4 or so since I still installed them when they
           | were available.
        
         | matwood wrote:
         | I think a heat pump only for water isn't the right way to go.
         | In the EU, new systems I see use a single heat pump for all
         | heating and cooling in the house including heating water.
         | 
         | I do miss my natural gas on-demand water heater from when I
         | lived in the states though. Unlimited hot water was nice, and
         | it took up almost zero space.
        
           | spockz wrote:
           | Which models are you looking at? I was still quoted separate
           | pumps for floor heating and a boiler with the pump built in
           | taking the energy from the air two years ago.
           | 
           | Is it something from nefit by any chance?
        
             | toomuchtodo wrote:
             | This is promising.
             | 
             | https://www.pv-magazine.com/2026/01/29/samsung-releases-
             | new-...
             | 
             | > The South Korean giant [Samsung] said its new EHS All-in-
             | One provides air heating and cooling, floor heating, and
             | hot water from a single outdoor unit. It can supply hot
             | water up to 65 C in below-zero weather.
             | 
             | > Dubbed EHS All-in-One, the system provides air heating
             | and cooling, floor heating, and hot water from a single
             | outdoor unit. It is initially released for the European
             | market, with a Korean rollout expected within a year. "It
             | delivers stable performance across diverse weather
             | conditions. It can supply hot water up to 65 C even in
             | below-zero weather and is designed to operate heating even
             | in severe cold down to -25 C," the company said in a
             | statement. "The system also uses the R32 refrigerant, which
             | has a substantially lower impact on global warming compared
             | with the older R410A refrigerant."
        
           | thunfischbrot wrote:
           | Afaik heat-pumps in the EU can provide unlimited hot water-
           | what am I missing?
        
             | Y-bar wrote:
             | Geothermal (and airbased) pumps theoretically do not have
             | unlimited heating capacity. For example my pump (Daikin
             | Altherma Geo 3) has a 180 litre water tank so it can "only"
             | supply 180 litres hot water at 65 degrees Celsius and takes
             | about a minute to heat two additional lites.
             | 
             | So if I want to quickly scald myself in a 400 litre pool at
             | fifty degrees I can't. But if I had a gas heater that would
             | be possible!
        
           | luckystarr wrote:
           | While they are not as efficient or flexible, they are many
           | times more efficient than resistive electric water heaters.
           | I've installed one with in house air intake (due to
           | construction reasons) in my house and it cooled down the
           | basement by a few degrees (and removed air moisture as an
           | added bonus). In summer the thermal capacity of the ground
           | heats up the basement again, in winter it's a bit cooler, but
           | it still works efficiently.
        
         | stuaxo wrote:
         | They use them a lot in Norway, it's hardly warm there.
        
         | ortusdux wrote:
         | I'm in the northern US and am very happy with mine. I self-
         | installed with a county rebate, so the total cost was a
         | Saturday and $700. My old electric unit was EPA rated for
         | $450/year, and the new one has averaged $170/year over 4 years,
         | so I've already broken even.
        
         | gwbas1c wrote:
         | You're about 20 years behind.
         | 
         | My heat pump is working great at 0F. It's 7 years old.
        
           | baggachipz wrote:
           | heat pump for house !== heat pump for hot water
        
             | karussell wrote:
             | Why not?
        
             | Youden wrote:
             | I don't know what it's like where you're living but here in
             | Switzerland it's completely normal to have one heat pump
             | that does both. Here there's a lot of floor heating, which
             | also uses water, so you usually just run one loop to the
             | "boiler" (a water tank with a copper loop for the water
             | from the heat pump to circulate through) and one through
             | the floor and have a valve to switch which is running
             | through the heat pump.
             | 
             | I have one of these: https://cta.ch/en/private/products/ah-
             | i-eco-innen
             | 
             | I got it in October so most of the time I've had it has
             | been <10C. It's produced 806.3 kWh of heating for hot water
             | and 6587.2 kWh for the floor heating. It consumed 302.7 kWh
             | and 1801.4 kWh respectively, for a COP of 2.66 and 3.66.
        
             | gwbas1c wrote:
             | There's a lot of different heating systems: If your heating
             | system uses hot water at any point, (baseboards, hydro-air,
             | underfloor, ect,) using a single heat pump makes a LOT of
             | sense.
             | 
             | Personally, I prefer an air-source heat pump hot water
             | tank. It significantly dehumidifies my basement.
        
         | themafia wrote:
         | > government mandate will force enough demand that
         | manufacturers can enjoy some economies of scale
         | 
         | So you want the government to pick winners and you want to do
         | business with a monopoly? This is the opposite of what you
         | would want.
         | 
         | If the product saves me money, and it's _actually_ better, I
         | will buy it in a heartbeat. If you're involving the government
         | it's because one of those things isn't true.
        
         | lizknope wrote:
         | Ask This Old House had an episode literally yesterday where
         | they installed a \ solar-assisted split heat pump water heater.
         | There is a component that goes on the outside of the house but
         | not on the roof which simplifies installation.
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uqyAWkXXt3A
         | 
         | https://www.neshw.com/residential/solar-heat-pump-water-heat...
        
       | danielovichdk wrote:
       | Stones has the ability to store heat and keep cool.
       | 
       | What's all this fuzz about ?
        
         | Etheryte wrote:
         | It's all about efficiency. You can store heat in anything, but
         | the question is for how long and how much energy can you get
         | back out later. The first part is easy and how we got ovens and
         | stoves, the second part can be pretty tricky depending on your
         | requirements. Large scale energy storage sometimes uses massive
         | amounts of sand for example, but they heat it to hundreds of
         | degrees which is not really feasible in most settings.
        
       | ortusdux wrote:
       | I was interested to learn about cold district heating recently,
       | which is basically a municipal scale geothermal system.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_district_heating
        
       | gwbas1c wrote:
       | The article omits some critical details:
       | 
       | It says this is both a "heat pump" and also "storage" AND says
       | that it will run when electricity is cheap or plentiful. Thus:
       | 
       | 1: Where does it pump the heat from? (Or is this not really a
       | "heat pump" and instead is using resistive heating?)
       | 
       | 2: How long does it store heat? Is this something that will store
       | heat on a 24-48 hour basis, or will this store heat during the
       | spring / fall when longer days mean extra power from residential
       | solar, and then use the heat in the winter?
       | 
       | 3: Is the unit itself "warm" when storing heat? Or is the heat
       | stored in a purely chemical way and needs to run through a
       | catalyst or similar to get it back?
       | 
       | 4: Can this be scaled up for general domestic heating?
       | 
       | ---
       | 
       | Just an FYI: There are plenty of schemes with resistive electric
       | water tanks to store heat when power is cheap.
        
         | mike-the-mikado wrote:
         | I would guess that is intended for a daily cycle, perhaps using
         | air source heat pumps at times of day when the air temperatures
         | are higher and electricity prices are lower, then using it as
         | required.
         | 
         | As it works on phase change (e.g. think of melting ice) heat is
         | added (or removed) without changing the temperature of the
         | store (which, I guess, might be hotter or colder than where the
         | heat is extracted or used).
        
         | IshKebab wrote:
         | 1. The device is just storage. It would be paired with an air
         | or ground source heat pump.
         | 
         | 2. With good insulation you can easily store heat for a day
         | which is all you need. You're never going to get close to
         | storing summer heat for the winter. That's not impossible but
         | not feasible for something this scale (and not cost effective
         | at any scale).
         | 
         | 3. You just heat it up and cool it down. There are no fancy
         | chemical processes happening other than the phase change. It's
         | exactly like a phase change hot/cold pack you can buy on
         | Amazon.
         | 
         | 4. I'm pretty sure this is designed for domestic heating...
         | 
         | It's kind of an obvious idea tbh. I don't think they've done
         | anything super innovative... They made an aluminium heat sink..
        
           | butvacuum wrote:
           | the only new thing- no matter how they do it- is putting it
           | on residential instead of commercial or industrial installs.
           | 
           | my childhood public school took us to some big commercial
           | building- I think it was Sears' HQ- and they proudly showed
           | us the huge blocks of ice providing chill during the day.
        
       | Epa095 wrote:
       | Not many numbers in there. I would be interested in some measure
       | of energy and effect per volume, e.g how many kWh of heat are we
       | talking about at e.g 1 liter, and how fast (kW) can it produce
       | it?
        
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