[HN Gopher] Euro firms must ditch Uncle Sam's clouds and go EU-n...
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       Euro firms must ditch Uncle Sam's clouds and go EU-native
        
       Author : jamesblonde
       Score  : 691 points
       Date   : 2026-01-31 10:34 UTC (12 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.theregister.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.theregister.com)
        
       | adrianN wrote:
       | I kind of share the opinion of the FSF Europe that it is less
       | important where software comes from compared to whether it's
       | libre, but for cloud hardware I really hope that we manage to
       | create competitive European offerings. Maybe we're lucky and this
       | European initiative will produce more than five Fraunhofer
       | institutes and a gift to SAP.
        
         | nubinetwork wrote:
         | I thought I heard that hetzner was pretty cheap, haven't looked
         | myself though...
        
           | adrianN wrote:
           | Price is probably not the only factor in competitiveness.
        
             | Imustaskforhelp wrote:
             | Well Hetzner's support's phenomenal too.
             | 
             | Sure they might not have all the same offerings but they
             | are really easy to abstract upon and personally I feel like
             | hetzner is seriously one of the best cloud providers.
             | 
             | Hetzner is absolutely 10x more competitive than AWS. It's
             | actually hard to match the competitiveness of hetzner with
             | their scale actually. I seriously can't understate this
             | enough but AWS being competitive is really somewhat of a
             | mass delusion or maybe the fact that Companies don't know
             | other alternatives exist but I genuinely find it absolutely
             | strange.
             | 
             | Also, just go ahead and try hetzner and see their
             | competitiveness out for yourself. Seriously, one of the
             | best (netcup another german hosting is really great too and
             | they can be even cheaper at times and its something I
             | personally use and can vouch for both netcup/hetzner)
        
             | matt-p wrote:
             | They are OK but I would not have them as my /only/ cloud.
        
           | mark_l_watson wrote:
           | I have used Hetzner off and on for years, nice products and
           | services.
           | 
           | I don't care what provider you use, if your business or app
           | use case needs any sort of reliability have a plan for
           | reinstalling code and data on alternate providers quickly as
           | possible.
           | 
           | There are horror stories of people and companies being cut
           | off because of pressure from the US government, or having one
           | of the Google/Microsoft/Amazon tech giants cancelling
           | accounts.
           | 
           | Really, in today's world, why totally rely on anyone?
           | 
           | EDIT: it seems prudent to maintain a cloud account in Europe,
           | US, and Asia and have a plan for moving application code and
           | data around if required. Outside the US I have mostly only
           | used Hetzner, but Alibaba has impressive looking services.
        
         | tirant wrote:
         | I would say there's even less chance nowadays to generate a
         | fully private set of European alternatives to American cloud
         | offerings.
         | 
         | Europes bureaucratization and the growth of the size of states
         | has increased the last 10 years. I have less and less hope that
         | we're able to set the right free market conditions for real
         | competition to happen.
         | 
         | That doesn't mean that won't be alternatives to American
         | offerings, but most probably will come from somewhere else
         | (Singapore, China, Taiwan...)
        
           | embedding-shape wrote:
           | > set the right free market conditions for real competition
           | to happen
           | 
           | Just as a curiosity, what exactly are those "right free
           | market conditions" and where have those been successfully
           | implemented before? Because I think most of us (Europeans)
           | are desperately trying to avoid replicating the American
           | experiment, so if that's the "right free market conditions" I
           | think we're trying to avoid those on purpose.
           | 
           | But maybe you're thinking of some other place, then I'm eager
           | ears to hear what worked elsewhere :)
        
             | ada0000 wrote:
             | If the size of state and bureaucratisation are the main
             | issues, one wonders how China got so far :-)
        
               | stefanfisk wrote:
               | In what sense is china bureaucratic when it comes to
               | business?
        
               | ada0000 wrote:
               | Tax breaks, operations of state owned industry, other
               | incentives etc are guided by five year plans implemented
               | by a party bureaucracy.
        
               | dmurray wrote:
               | "You can't do X" is a much different experience from "you
               | can do X, but you need to spend a year and thousands of
               | man-hours of paperwork applying for permission to do it".
               | 
               | In China, if the five-year plan prioritizes something,
               | businesses will be up and running in months. In France,
               | if the French parliament enacts a law prioritizing
               | something, businesses still have to fight individual
               | departments or local governments that have their own
               | ideas about how they should regulate it.
               | 
               | Don't confuse bureaucracy for authoritarianism.
        
               | stefanfisk wrote:
               | How is any of that a bureaucratic burden for domestic
               | private companies in China?
        
               | boondongle wrote:
               | I can't believe we're talking about China in the context
               | of a Cloud sovereignty issue and this is even a question.
               | 
               | Having worked for these Cloud providers China has
               | consistently used bureaucracy to exfiltrate Cloud
               | technologies and to tip the scales of effectiveness of
               | offerings through levers with China Telecom/Unicom.
               | Analyzing the backbone, you could see it in real time.
               | 
               | China basically offsets its bureaucracy by doing the one
               | thing Europe has not done so far in this space: overtly
               | hurt foreign competitors. It doesn't matter how superior
               | your offerings are if the end customers end up throttled
               | creating a less desirable experience than the less-
               | featured, stable domestic competitor.
               | 
               | Unfortunately - the elephant in the room is China got to
               | where it was by being overtly adversarial with the US
               | from the jump after 2010 which translated to a number of
               | anti-competitive measures. The EU's in a spot because
               | it's mostly responding to Trump and a poorly written US
               | law. The US and EU are weird friends in that we could
               | both exfiltrate each other's tech, patents, and
               | industrial assets and move on with business but that's
               | not actually what either side actually wants.
        
               | stefanfisk wrote:
               | China weaponizing bureaucracy towards foreign companies
               | isn't really relevant though.
               | 
               | AFAIK domestic companies operating in China don't have to
               | endure anywhere near the amount of red tape that EU
               | companies typically do when operating in the EU.
        
               | creddit wrote:
               | No one wonders that if they have any actual knowledge.
               | Chinese government spending as a % of GDP is much less
               | than say France. :-)
               | 
               | https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/exp@FPP/USA/FRA/J
               | PN/...
               | 
               | Bureaucratisation in the realm of business is much
               | smaller in most relevant ways for most enterprises in
               | China as well.
        
             | hartator wrote:
             | Contradictory regulations is one of the symptoms of
             | overregulation.
             | 
             | I.e., complying to GDPR means you can't comply to
             | cybersecurity laws.
             | 
             | US has less of those.
        
               | stevesimmons wrote:
               | How exactly does GDPR prevent you from complying with
               | cybersecurity laws?
               | 
               | For instance, one of GDPR's 6 lawful bases for processing
               | data is in order to comply with legal obligations.
               | 
               | If you're going to make strong claims like that, the onus
               | really is on you to give specific examples.
        
               | closewith wrote:
               | I wonder is the GP is referring to the CLOUD Act, as it
               | is true that US companies cannot be compliant with both
               | the GDPR and the CLOUD Act, but it doesn't weaken the
               | case for European tech sovereignty.
        
               | embedding-shape wrote:
               | Sounds like a broad blanket statement, have any specifics
               | about this?
               | 
               | GDPR and cybersecurity laws are designed to be
               | compatible, not mutually exclusive, but I'm sure there
               | are edge-cases. Still, what exact situation did you find
               | yourself in here in order to believe they're mutually
               | exclusive?
        
               | victorbjorklund wrote:
               | All US companies selling to European customers have to
               | comply with GDPR. European companies selling only to non-
               | European customers don't have to comply with GDPR. It's
               | all about who your users are. Not where your company is
               | registered.
        
               | jonathanstrange wrote:
               | I think what OP means is that a US company cannot
               | simultaneously comply with the CLOUD act and the GDPR.
               | That case has also been made by some courts in the EU,
               | that US law and practice are incompatible with the
               | requirements of the GDPR. US companies who claim to
               | process data in accordance with the GDPR seem to be
               | deceiving their customers. Maybe I'm wrong but it seems
               | to me that companies in the EU who rely on US services,
               | corporations in the US, and even governments themselves
               | keep quit about this unpleasant truth. It means that
               | Microsoft Windows violates the GDPR, Google violates it,
               | every US social network violates it, etc.
               | 
               | Of course, as someone else mentioned, that is not an
               | argument against EU sovereignty but rather one of its
               | motors.
        
               | buzer wrote:
               | > European companies selling only to non-European
               | customers don't have to comply with GDPR.
               | 
               | Usually they do. European company processing personal
               | data of non-EU customers falls with article 3(1) "This
               | Regulation applies to the processing of personal data in
               | the context of the activities of an establishment of a
               | controller or a processor in the Union, regardless of
               | whether the processing takes place in the Union or not."
               | 
               | Of course if they do not process any personal data then
               | it wouldn't apply but that's pretty unlikely (and if that
               | was the case the EU customers data wouldn't fall within
               | GDPR either).
        
           | azan_ wrote:
           | Ok, but it's not like nothing was done after Draghi report -
           | EU formed at least 5 committees and commissioned multiple
           | think-tanks to develop reports about possible development of
           | the pathway to the programme that will work on bureaucracy
           | and overregulation.
        
           | deaux wrote:
           | > Europes bureaucratization and the growth of the size of
           | states has increased the last 10 years.
           | 
           | None of these things matter. They're trivially set aside. All
           | that matters is how many insane threats the US Gov keeps
           | making. Hopefully as many as possible. This is what creates
           | demand, and from demand, everything else follows
           | automatically.
           | 
           | Like, how can you not see this based on recent events? I'm
           | willing to bet a house that in Feb 2026 there will be much
           | more relative movement from US to EU clouds than in Feb 2015.
           | Despite all of that "increased bureaucracy".
        
           | pjmlp wrote:
           | You mean late scale capitalism that treats employees like
           | serfs?
        
         | moffkalast wrote:
         | Without a viable MS Office/Google Docs alternative it's all
         | rather performative. If those get blocked the entire
         | bureaucratic machine stops dead. Hell block just excel and
         | entire countries might actually collapse.
        
           | Zardoz84 wrote:
           | Fucking Libre Office!
        
             | moffkalast wrote:
             | Yeah if only.
        
           | adrianN wrote:
           | The dependence on US companies is deep and multifaceted. I
           | don't think we should attempt nothing until a perfect
           | solution is available.
        
           | omnimus wrote:
           | I have seen transitions from MS suite at universities and I
           | don't think what you are saying is true.
           | 
           | First assumption is that there are no alternatives so you
           | can't replace Excel as a software. Obvious ones for Excel -
           | LibreOffice, Collabora, OnlyOffice or Grist (which i highly
           | recommend). The paradoxical problem is there is no clear THE
           | ONE so organizations get into decision paralysis and never
           | move anywhere.
           | 
           | The other assumption is that even if there were alternatives
           | people will not adopt them. In reality this is rarely issue.
           | Turns out users/employees/students actually don't care much
           | what software they have to use. They just use what is
           | available or what they are told to use. So the reason why
           | people use MS Office is actually because it's mandated from
           | the top. Lawyers use it because state/gov/court communication
           | requires it. Students use it because they need to submit
           | thesis in MS Word. It's socially locked in.
           | 
           | I've been at a university which switched over the summer from
           | MS Office to LibreOffice. The results were boring. 40k people
           | just adopted it, no drama, some liked it more (works on linux
           | yay), took some people few weeks to learn/adjust. People are
           | used learning new things.
           | 
           | So can we stop with that story that 40 year old software
           | which barely changed in last 20 years can't be replaced?
           | 
           | This whole digital sovereignty is i think extremely scary
           | proposition for Microsoft because just as they are now
           | mandated solution by most western world... they are one law
           | away (all state/university communication must be with libre
           | software) to be on the other side of their current mandate /
           | lock in.
        
             | moffkalast wrote:
             | Well I hope you're right, the transitions I've seen
             | proposed were mostly shot down because people refused to
             | learn anything new and due to nebulous certification
             | requirements that Microsoft of course has.
             | 
             | Speaking of OnlyOffice, I've seen it crop up more and more
             | lately and apparently it's Latvian, so maybe that will be
             | the one eventually. Though my experience with it has been
             | that it's not very stable (lots of crashing around
             | embedding video anyway) and has a smaller feature set.
        
               | XorNot wrote:
               | That's the point though: there was never a particularly
               | compelling reason to move so no one did. 5 years ago
               | "what if America starts making threats?" would've been a
               | ridiculous notion.
        
           | Imustaskforhelp wrote:
           | Proton.
           | 
           | Also, Collabora office looks really great too.
        
             | pjmlp wrote:
             | Proton, only as transition technology.
        
             | mark_l_watson wrote:
             | Proton drive is fine, their docs service is usable but
             | could use improvement. Their secure and private file and
             | docs sharing with other Proton users could be a great
             | feature, if you need it.
             | 
             | EDIT: I just re-tried Proton docs and spreadsheets - much
             | improved docs, and I think the spreadsheets are a new
             | feature; looks OK but I am on mobile right now so minimal
             | testing.
        
           | pjmlp wrote:
           | Rome wasn't built in a day.
        
           | newsclues wrote:
           | Software is a challenge but try replacing hardware. There
           | isn't a replacement for AMD, Intel or nVidia.
        
         | bambax wrote:
         | We already have excellent cloud providers in Europe. But most
         | importantly, most businesses using the cloud would be better
         | off with simple on-prem solutions. So much cheaper to operate
         | and control.
        
           | jeffrallen wrote:
           | Right, but have you tried recruiting someone recently who is
           | capable of running a pair of local servers (including
           | organizing redundant power feeds), upgrading the OS on them
           | with no downtime, and arranging for off-site backups of the
           | enterpris's data?
           | 
           | These used to be the skills of a generalist sysadmin for a
           | small-site with on-prem services.
           | 
           | Those skills are no longer available on the market. Students
           | in the local apprenticeship program have one class about
           | hardware, and they don't even touch it, just talk about it.
        
             | Nextgrid wrote:
             | Offer just half of the typical AWS cloud bill and you'll
             | magically have lots of candidates! But greed often doesn't
             | let companies pay any more than "market rate" even if it
             | means paying twice that to AWS or a vendor instead.
        
             | gtech1 wrote:
             | Just hired a 45yo who excels and loves and thrives doing
             | this stuff. Proxmox, local storage, local backups + offsite
             | backups. 1Pb of data, colocation costs are 5k/month. Guess
             | AWS costs for similar
        
           | 9dev wrote:
           | > So much cheaper to operate and control.
           | 
           | Until you factor in the salaries of the new employees you
           | have to hire now, the cost of that hiring process, the
           | compliance and security implications of operating servers on
           | your premises, the ongoing maintenance of the software and
           | operating systems, the new infrastructure to maintain,
           | including but not limited to backup power supply and overall
           | redundancy, the need to manage the lifecycle of the new hard-
           | and software, the documentation for all of this... I could go
           | on for a while.
           | 
           | It's not like these cloud solutions are just solving
           | laziness.
        
             | Black616Angel wrote:
             | But you can rent on-prem servers in some datacenter near
             | you where all that is done for you.
        
               | hsuduebc2 wrote:
               | Do not forget that it is also cheaper. Main difference
               | would be scalability which you do not inherently need.
               | Not for ordinary bau.
        
               | 9dev wrote:
               | First off, servers on someone else's premises are by
               | definition not on-prem; and second, it still leaves you
               | with a lot of the maintenance, management, and
               | documentation overhead that comes with operating
               | infrastructure equipment.
        
             | no_op wrote:
             | A lot of this could be standardized and packaged into a
             | product, a modern take on the 'server appliance.' Unpack
             | some gear, plug it together according to a nice diagram,
             | connect to a management console that feels familiar to
             | anyone who's deployed to the cloud.
        
               | 9dev wrote:
               | That's essentially the bet of https://oxide.computer
        
               | newsclues wrote:
               | Yeah, this seems like a big opportunity for that business
               | model.
        
             | belorn wrote:
             | Listened to a story about a fairly large company that
             | switched to cloud and then back to on-premise. When they
             | went cloud they quickly found out that they needed
             | employees to manage the cloud infrastructure. The employee
             | costs were similar for both setup.
             | 
             | Compliance and security testing does not go away just
             | because you use cloud. The steps and questions will be
             | different, but regulations like NIS and GDPR have extensive
             | requirements regardless if you implement it yourself or buy
             | it from an external supplier.
             | 
             | I would also not recommend to go with a single cloud
             | solution with no backup solution and overall redundancy,
             | unless a $5 voucher is good enough compensation for the
             | service being down a whole day. The general recommendation
             | after the latest waves of outages was for cloud users to
             | use multiple cloud providers and multiple backup solution.
             | It is just like how on-premise solutions need off-premise
             | backups.
        
               | 9dev wrote:
               | > Compliance and security testing does not go away just
               | because you use cloud. The steps and questions will be
               | different, but regulations like NIS and GDPR have
               | extensive requirements regardless if you implement it
               | yourself or buy it from an external supplier.
               | 
               | That's a bit disingenuous. If I don't operate a physical
               | server rack, I also do not need to take care of physical
               | access control, fire suppression policies, camera
               | monitoring, key handling, and a wide range of other
               | measures I would be otherwise obliged to take care of
               | under GDPR. You can absolutely outsource classes of
               | problems. What's true is that that doesn't lift the
               | responsibility from you to check your cloud provider
               | fulfils these obligations, but that's very different from
               | having to fulfil them yourself.
        
               | belorn wrote:
               | Go through a security review. It not as simple as just
               | saying "we outsource that so we have no idea what they do
               | or how they manage the data". It is disingenuous to claim
               | that people can just outsource the whole problem and not
               | care.
               | 
               | This would be part of the responsibility of the cloud
               | managers, which need to be hired, paid and trained, on
               | top of the cost of paying the cloud providers. There is
               | no free lunch.
        
               | 9dev wrote:
               | I am responsible for security reviews. I never claimed it
               | was that simple, nor that there was free lunch. I said it
               | is _easier_ to outsource it than to handle it yourself to
               | an equal level of what a cloud provider is able to do,
               | from a legal and operational perspective.
        
               | belorn wrote:
               | Easier is a very subjective measurement. Lets compare two
               | solutions with different hires. One hire system
               | administrators that rent space in a serverhall. The other
               | hire cloud managers that rent space in the cloud.
               | 
               | What can we definitive say about the difference be in
               | salaries, training, and team size? Can we say anything
               | specific about legal and operational perspective?
        
               | pu_pe wrote:
               | Sorry but I think it is indeed much easier to have a
               | cloud provider take care of those things. That's partly
               | how we came to the situation we are in: a lot of people
               | outsourced this type of work to Microsoft or AWS, because
               | it was easier.
               | 
               | I get what you are saying, that responsibility is still
               | yours for making the correct choices, and to know what
               | the cloud providers are doing. In the real world though
               | hardly anybody cares, even though we have threats like
               | the CLOUD act in place. So, yeah, people should care but
               | ultimately they often don't.
        
           | hsuduebc2 wrote:
           | Exactly. People used to think that aws is somehow
           | convenient(partially true) and much cheaper which it
           | absolutely isn't. Hooking on anything trendy and pretending
           | it solve all the issues is tech illness.
           | 
           | For example micro services. You do not need infrastructure
           | heavy software paradigms for large majority of use cases but
           | it was just blindly accepted as new standart which we are
           | now, again, moving away.
        
           | lucasRW wrote:
           | They are not European. They are French, or Swiss, or
           | Scandinavian, each of those countries who may sooner or later
           | not align anymore with your strategic interests. Countries
           | should only trust themselves for sensitive stuff.
        
             | gf000 wrote:
             | I mean, the Euro-zone is way more interconnected than
             | that..
        
             | adrianN wrote:
             | Why stop at countries? /s
        
           | smarx007 wrote:
           | Most European "cloud" providers sell "wood":
           | https://berthub.eu/articles/posts/dear-hosting-providers-
           | you...
        
             | wiether wrote:
             | Thanks for the link!
             | 
             | I'm not sure it will convince the "haters" nor they'll get
             | it, but I'll keep it close to share with some people that
             | are confused but open enough to understand the nuance.
        
           | ExoticPearTree wrote:
           | > We already have excellent cloud providers in Europe.
           | 
           | Please provide a list, no sarcasm. And please don't put
           | Hetzner on it, as it is not a cloud provider.
        
             | arter45 wrote:
             | Ok, I'll bite. Why is it not a cloud provider? Most
             | importantly, what is a cloud provider in your definition?
        
               | smarx007 wrote:
               | https://berthub.eu/articles/posts/dear-hosting-providers-
               | you...
        
               | arter45 wrote:
               | Not sure I follow.
               | 
               | It's one thing to say that a lot of AWS/Azure/Google
               | users take advantage of many managed services.
               | 
               | But saying something is not a cloud provider because they
               | don't provide a specific SaaS is kinda weird, especially
               | if you read the NIST definition of cloud computing or
               | when you consider that not every AWS user is using more
               | than a handful of services (does that make AWS a cloud
               | provider only for more "advanced" users?).
               | 
               | Sure, smaller cloud providers don't usually have all
               | those services, but this doesn't mean they are not cloud
               | providers. They cannot attract users who are more
               | familiar with specific managed services, but they can
               | probably satisfy the needs of other users who are more
               | than happy with a smaller feature set.
               | 
               | Also, limiting yourself to a smaller portion of
               | AWS/Azure/GCP services can facilitate migrations to other
               | cloud platforms (think AWS -> Azure or viceversa),
               | because you're less tied to specific proprietary tooling.
        
               | smarx007 wrote:
               | > because they don't provide a specific SaaS is kinda
               | weird
               | 
               | I think for most business stakeholders it's not about the
               | number of services but rather the coverage of business-
               | critical needs. When you have access to Azure Entra, you
               | know that you can cover 90%+ of your auth needs with that
               | service. If you have access to AWS S3, you know that your
               | various storage needs would be possible to cover with
               | that. If a managed Postgres is available, you know that
               | most of the IT systems you run would be able to take
               | advantage of that. You look at Azure their
               | IAM/audit/observability offerings and it's the same.
               | 
               | When you look at Hetzner as a business stakeholder, all
               | you see are bare servers and and one object storage
               | service that you are not sure of how battle-tested it is.
               | And then you start thinking: "okay, I will need to run
               | k8s or some other workload orchestration approach, my IT
               | systems need Postgres/MySQL/SQL Server etc, I need auth,
               | I need audit, I will need to build, operate, maintain all
               | of that in-house". I am not saying that this is a wrong
               | path for everyone, but Hetzner essentially leaves you no
               | choice. And many business stakeholders who have been
               | operating their own own-prem infra or colocated or rented
               | IaaS plus a large dev team for decades and have since
               | switched to one of the hyperscalers and reduced their
               | dev/IT headcount - may not want to go back to the old
               | model.
               | 
               | > limiting yourself to a smaller portion of AWS/Azure/GCP
               | services can facilitate migrations to other cloud
               | platforms.
               | 
               | Yes, which is why you insist (where possible/reasonable)
               | on Postgres-compatible DBMS offerings, IdP solutions
               | based on OIDC, observability on OpenTelemetry.
               | 
               | > Sure, smaller cloud providers don't usually have all
               | those services, but this doesn't mean they are not cloud
               | providers
               | 
               | Yes, it could mean that they are not cloud providers.
               | 
               | > but they can probably satisfy the needs of other users
               | who are more than happy with a smaller feature set
               | 
               | Please see the linked article. This is essentially "users
               | who are happy to build some of the furniture themselves".
        
               | arter45 wrote:
               | I did read the article.
               | 
               | I agree that there is a difference between "wood" and
               | "furniture".
               | 
               | Although maybe a more apt comparison is IKEA vs another
               | furniture store.
               | 
               | With IKEA you have a relatively basic "style". You'd be
               | hard to pressed a 1800 style table, for example, but if
               | you are a student or someone who just wants to live in a
               | new place, it's a pretty solid store to go. However, they
               | give you the pieces (not just basic wood, already pre-
               | made pieces) and you have to put them together.
               | 
               | Other furnitures have a lot more choices in terms of
               | styles and they allow you to just buy stuff without any
               | DIY needed.
               | 
               | Different offerings in the same space (no one in IKEA is
               | asking you to cut wood and make your own chair legs or
               | whatever), both valid.
               | 
               | Furniture metaphores aside, what I'm saying is that there
               | is a subset of users which is completely fine with those
               | services, which are still provided in a self-service,
               | pay-per-use way without the need to have admin rights
               | over the entire platform. That's a cloud provider. A more
               | limited one, sure, but it can still be a cloud provider.
               | 
               | And when it comes to business stakeholders, coverage is
               | important, but so are other concerns, including the
               | ability to move out when needed (which still requires
               | some sensible technical choice, because if you go "all
               | in" you're complicating your exit strategy), or even
               | concerns like the ones mentioned in the OP.
               | 
               | Obviously, each company has its own risk aversion and its
               | own decision making process, and so far market share
               | heavily favors the Big Three even outside of the US, but
               | this doesn't mean alternative options should be dismissed
               | as "not cloud providers" just because they don't provide
               | all those services.
        
               | ExoticPearTree wrote:
               | In my book a cloud provider is a provider where you can
               | spin up VMs at scale, offers multiple geographic regions
               | across the world, offers managed complementary services
               | such as S3, CDN, GLB, IAM, Managed Databases, backup &
               | restore, FaaS, container registry, managed K8s or another
               | container orchestration platform, PoPs around the world.
               | 
               | Hetzner has an S3 compatible offering, a VPS offering and
               | that's it. Their core business is renting physical
               | servers. And I see lately they offer a load balancing
               | service.
        
               | arter45 wrote:
               | You know, we used to have a single tech company providing
               | essentially an entire tech stack to its customers. Its
               | core enterprise pricing provided a platform with
               | impressive compute capabilities, high redundancy, global
               | support, strong backward compatibility and the backing of
               | a company providing consulting and an ecosystem made of a
               | lot of other software products. That company is still
               | alive and well, although that product is probably less
               | appealing now to new customers.
               | 
               | I'm talking about IBM mainframes.
               | 
               | Eventually, as the Internet (networking) and open source
               | technologies (like Git and Linux) become more and more
               | widespread, people realized they could build their
               | services by combining products from different vendors
               | (not to mention FOSS). I'm talking about the 1990s-2000s.
               | 
               | Now, after 20-30 years, we're thinking that the same
               | company must provide the entire tech stack or lose
               | relevancy as a provider.
               | 
               | To be clear, AWS and mainframes are pretty different from
               | a technical standpoint, but I do wonder if we're kinda
               | repeating the same cycle over and over. Asking the same
               | company to provide everything and then build stuff with
               | different products, to then find a new company which can
               | provide everything and so on.
        
             | daneel_w wrote:
             | _> Please provide a list, no sarcasm. And please don't put
             | Hetzner on it, as it is not a cloud provider._
             | 
             | In what way are they not a "cloud" provider? Because their
             | managed services portfolio isn't as wide as AWS or Azure?
             | What about Scaleway's services then?
        
               | smarx007 wrote:
               | Hetzner has no managed services except for the
               | S3-compatible object storage. Scaleway is much better in
               | that regard.
        
               | daneel_w wrote:
               | The implied question was what OP's idea of "the cloud"
               | is, where they draw the line between "cloud" and server
               | host. It's possible they simply aren't familiar with the
               | Iaas/PaaS terminology.
        
               | smarx007 wrote:
               | I posted a link to what most cloud-native developers
               | understand to be "cloud" a few times already. If IaaS is
               | the only offering on the table, it's not cloud.
        
           | nxm wrote:
           | No, most wouldn't. Too much risk and overhead for most
           | companies to do so... most companies should and do just focus
           | on the business value they add, rather than the underlying
           | physical infra
        
       | bell-cot wrote:
       | Yes, nice, true.
       | 
       | But sadly, it feels like pigs will be singing Handel's _Messiah_
       | before Europe 's leaders get off their fat asses and actually
       | _do_ anything about their problems.
        
         | abc123abc123 wrote:
         | Why should they do something about it? They are not IT people.
         | If you want to switch, do it today. Plenty of options exist.
         | 
         | If you designed yourself into a corner by utilizing function as
         | a service to program agains ta proprietary API, then you can
         | just as well start from scratch or quit and join a company that
         | knows how to avoid lock-in.
        
           | bell-cot wrote:
           | > The are not IT people.
           | 
           | They are not farmers - but it's their job to make sure that
           | their countries have secure supplies of safe food, long-term.
           | 
           | They are not electricians - but it's their job to make sure
           | that their countries have...
           | 
           | They are not soldiers - but it's their job to make sure...
           | 
           | The are not ...
           | 
           | ...
           | 
           | (Yes, I suspect that we have rather different concepts of the
           | role of gov't, and the responsibilities of gov't leaders.)
        
       | jgbuddy wrote:
       | Thus is probably more about the EU having access to eu data than
       | not having the US have access to EU data. Also it's not like it's
       | impossible to encrypt things when you store them? This article is
       | more political than logical or technical, it's unfortunate that
       | government control / intervention in the free market to this
       | degree can be spun into something positive.
        
         | reorder9695 wrote:
         | I wonder if someone could make a foss frontend for Google
         | Drive/Dropbox/<insert product here> that transparently encrypts
         | files on your device before uploading them, that would
         | certainly make me worry less about those services.
        
           | fsflover wrote:
           | How about the metadata?
        
           | l1am0 wrote:
           | https://github.com/cryptomator/cryptomator
        
           | 10729287 wrote:
           | Isn't what Cryptomator stand for ? Am I missing something
           | here ?
        
         | embedding-shape wrote:
         | > unfortunate that government control / intervention in the
         | free market to this degree can be spun into something positive
         | 
         | I don't think most Europeans want a laissez faire-style
         | "anything goes" market, we want corporations and people to have
         | responsibility for what they do and the effect they have. With
         | a little bit of nuance, some government control and
         | intervention is needed in a healthy society, because we don't
         | want to end up in the same situation the US currently finds
         | itself in.
        
         | adrianN wrote:
         | ,,Cloud" ist a lot more than blob storage where encryption can
         | help. As soon as you use a service that sees plain text (eg a
         | database saas) encryption doesn't save you from the service
         | provider (and by extension foreign government). But as the
         | article points out, data exfiltration is one problem, the
         | other, imo bigger, problem is dependence on a foreign nation
         | for critical infrastructure. The US government can decide to
         | shut down almost all European IT and there is nothing Europe
         | can do about it right now.
        
         | jraph wrote:
         | > Also it's not like it's impossible to encrypt things when you
         | store them?
         | 
         | Apart from Signal, do you know of an actual US service where
         | things are E2E encrypted, including metadata, that also allows
         | several people working on the same thing at the same time?
         | 
         | > not having the US have access to EU data
         | 
         | It is a great deal about not having US access EU data.
         | 
         | It is also about the US not having the power to cut the EU from
         | essential services.
         | 
         | > This article is more political than logical or technical
         | 
         | Of course this is 100% a political matter (rather than
         | technical). This is not a bad thing. Technical stuff doesn't
         | live in a politic-free vacuum.
         | 
         | > it's unfortunate that government control / intervention in
         | the free market to this degree can be spun into something
         | positive.
         | 
         | And this stance too.
        
         | KaiserPro wrote:
         | Its past political.
         | 
         | I work in energy now, and we host stuff in AWS. So far so
         | normal.
         | 
         | However, with the tubthumping about invading greenland, We see
         | that america is willing to evaporate any system that gets in
         | the way of the sun king's world view. Sure, he says now that
         | "we were never going to invade" but given the way you've all
         | just given up your 1st, 4th, 10th and now 2nd amendment, we're
         | not really that sure.
         | 
         | This means that when the next recession happens and the EU is
         | busy competing, he'll ask "hey we subsidies the EU by getting
         | them to pay for AWS, why don't we turn it off?" I mean that
         | sounds far fetched, but so did unrelated personally controlled
         | federal militia roving around states disappearing US citizens
         | without trial.
         | 
         | tldr: you're damn right its about politics. He threatened to
         | invade an ally, we aint hanging around to find out whats next.
        
           | KaiserPro wrote:
           | Also to your point: "can't we just encrypt it?"
           | 
           | Its someone else's computer. The TPM is controlled by someone
           | else. You can't really process on a machine that has a
           | compromised urandom/TPM
           | 
           | Also the bigger issue is having all your access revoked over
           | night. Thats the bigger fear.
        
             | XorNot wrote:
             | Exactly - it's about availability. If someone with remote
             | access could knock out your business operations, how long
             | would it take to adapt? How much economic cost could that
             | incur, perhaps at a critical time?
        
             | komali2 wrote:
             | > You can't really process on a machine that has a
             | compromised urandom/TPM
             | 
             | Naive question: does zero knowledge proof solutions help
             | with this?
        
               | KaiserPro wrote:
               | If you can process your stuff inside a zero knowledge
               | wrapper then yeah. But most things can't be done like
               | that sadly.
        
         | tonfa wrote:
         | > Thus is probably more about the EU having access to eu data
         | than not having the US have access to EU data
         | 
         | It's more about not being subjected to the whims of the US.
         | High dependency on US vendors means high leverage for the US
         | administration (export control, sanction, etc.).
        
         | mytailorisrich wrote:
         | IMHO, this is the EU using current events to push for more
         | power and control for itself over member states in many areas,
         | including new areas like defence. Apparently member states and
         | people are fine with that or even driving it... Turkeys voting
         | for Christmas comes to mind.
        
         | Findecanor wrote:
         | It is also about not having the US government cutting people
         | off from their data on a whim, such as happened to the
         | International Criminal Court.
        
         | jeppester wrote:
         | > Thus is probably more about the EU having access to eu data
         | than not having the US have access to EU data.
         | 
         | The EU governments do not have free access to data in a non-
         | transparent way. That's the main difference between EU and
         | American laws.
         | 
         | > Also it's not like it's impossible to encrypt things when you
         | store them?
         | 
         | The GDPR lets you store any data in a third country, so long as
         | it's impossible for that country to decrypt the data. E.g. it
         | has to be encrypted before it's transferred.
         | 
         | It just severely limits what you can build, to a degree where
         | it's probably easier to just use a cloud that can be trusted to
         | follow the GDPR.
        
         | yobbo wrote:
         | They mean google docs/gmail or office365.
        
       | andersa wrote:
       | This will happen automatically once an EU native cloud _exists_
       | with comparable pricing. Get on it. No one will pay 10x to store
       | data in Europe.
        
         | simianparrot wrote:
         | Bingo. And for that to happen the EU must be a competitive
         | market. And that doesn't happen by strangling innovation with a
         | thousand regulations passed down from Brussels by unelected
         | bureaucrats.
        
           | throwaway09809 wrote:
           | Your HN handle is a good fit for your comment
        
             | simianparrot wrote:
             | It's tongue-in-cheek given how AI-bros seem to think human
             | intelligence is no different from the function of an LLM.
             | 
             | At least I'm not hiding behind throwaway accounts.
        
           | atoav wrote:
           | Ah the good old unelected bureaucrat-myth. And then you check
           | and the very (usually right wing) politicians rallying
           | against the bureaucrats voted for this or that regulation
           | themselves.
        
           | deaux wrote:
           | Complete, utter bullshit. There are maybe 4 countries in the
           | world with significantly less dependence on US tech. Out of
           | those 4, one has magnitudes more government interference,
           | another one has even more rules and regulations - including
           | even stricter data privacy laws than GDPR - than the EU, the
           | third has slightly less than the EU but also the lowest local
           | tech % our of the 4, and the last one is Russia.
           | 
           | But sure, it's the rules and regulations that are the
           | problem.
           | 
           | If you have any knowledge on the topic I don't need to name
           | the other three.
           | 
           | Talking software as that's the discussion here, not hardware.
        
             | simianparrot wrote:
             | Ok so where's the European alternatives? Where are they?
             | Because in my experience as a Norwegian citizen who has
             | started and run tech companies, we simply can't compete on
             | this kind of tech because energy is more expensive, all the
             | added costs of employment are so incredibly expensive
             | (despite massive amounts of immigration, which only drains
             | our welfare state anyway) and all the EU-based rules and
             | regulations we must follow even when we're not direct
             | members; all of these things and more related to them are
             | absolutely stifling.
             | 
             | In this environment there is zero chance of an "AWS-like"
             | competitor or anything remotely like it in the tech sector.
             | And if you say "Hezner" I've got a bridge to sell you.
        
         | zppln wrote:
         | What is the cost of storing data in Europe today?
        
           | atoav wrote:
           | Depends on the amount of traffic. 4TB with 4TB traffic a
           | month cost roughly 27 Euros am month at Hetzner.
        
         | tariky wrote:
         | France cloud provider scalaway has great prices. In some
         | services they are cheaper then AWS. So I think that devs just
         | need to research a bit more.
         | 
         | Also Hetzner (germany) is super cheap when compared with US
         | hosting providers.
        
           | dewey wrote:
           | You are missing one of Europes largest hoster: OVH
           | (Originally from FR)
        
         | blackbear_ wrote:
         | Luckily our friends overseas have shown us the way of dealing
         | with uncompetitive local industries: tariffs.
        
         | Epa095 wrote:
         | 'Nobody ever got fired for choosing IBM (now Microsoft)' has
         | been an important factor around my neck of the woods. A cheaper
         | European alternative would never even make it to the
         | comparison. That is changing now though.
        
         | pjmlp wrote:
         | They certainly will if regulations are part of it.
         | 
         | US has their tariffs and last stage capitalism, we have our
         | government enforcement laws.
        
         | jillesvangurp wrote:
         | But those do exist and they are generally a lot cheaper; not
         | more expensive.
         | 
         | BTW. it's all hosted in the EU if you use it in the EU. Amazon,
         | Google and Azure have data centers all over Europe and using
         | those is not optional for EU based companies. If that wasn't
         | the case, they'd have no business here. Companies legally have
         | to host in the EU and do business with US cloud providers
         | through EU based subsidiaries (mostly based in Ireland. There's
         | a bit of a murky situation with what level of access US
         | intelligence agencies have exactly to all the data or who
         | copies what where and when. But generally, data isn't supposed
         | to leave the continent unless that's needed/required.
         | 
         | I work in Germany. We currently use Google Cloud. It's cheap
         | and convenient enough. Our spend is only 300 euros/month or so.
         | I could replace it. One of our customers insisted on Telekom
         | Cloud; so we support that as well. I've used Hetzner in the
         | past. There are a few other providers. It's not that big of a
         | deal. But it's not a big/urgent issue for us.
         | 
         | However, Vms, object storage, elastic load balancers, managed
         | databases, etc. are all commodities at this point. You don't
         | need to pay AWS 2-3x for that. They aren't magically any
         | better. They certainly aren't any faster. AWS squeezes hard on
         | those VCPUs.
         | 
         | And there's a lot of exotic stuff that some people use. AWS is
         | offering lots of that. But most of those things are a
         | combination of a bit niche and very pricey and more aimed at
         | enterprises than startups. When it comes to GPU hosting, AI
         | stuff, etc. the premium options that Amazon offers really add
         | up really quickly. I'm sure it's fantastic. But many people I
         | talk to in Europe use alternative/cheaper solutions.
         | 
         | For bread and butter hosting, AWS is just expensive and
         | overrated. Big companies don't seem to care much and are
         | sensitive to big brands and the warm fuzzy feeling they get
         | from expensive consultants telling them what to do. And AWS is
         | very good at vendor lock-in. That's also why IBM still exists
         | and why companies like Oracle still do a brisk business
         | separating rich clueless enterprises from their cash. Vendor
         | lock-in is all they have left at this point. But those are at
         | this point the idiot option. AWS is increasingly like that. The
         | times are gone that they are a sane solution for startups. Ten
         | years ago they'd lure you in with "free" hosting for a year and
         | then you'd be hooked for the life time of the startup. But it's
         | not that obvious anymore that is a good choice for cash
         | strapped startups.
         | 
         | Btw. Hetzner now operates in the US. It's a pretty good deal
         | there as well. It's not like you have to give your money to
         | Amazon.
        
         | fsflover wrote:
         | US services sell your data for additional profit and damp
         | prices. How are you supposed to compete with that?
        
           | andersa wrote:
           | If that's the issue, then EU will have to either allow this
           | or subsidize alternatives that don't, otherwise they will not
           | be able to compete.
        
             | fsflover wrote:
             | The third (and the best) option is to outlaw private data
             | exchage with no consent and strictly enforce this with
             | fines. See: GDPR.
        
         | atoav wrote:
         | At Hetzner 4 TB storage (S3 compatible) with 4 TB traffic cost
         | 27.32 Euro/Month.
         | 
         | According to AWS calculator the same 4 TB cost 102 Euro/Month
         | with their standard S3 tier.
         | 
         | So I gladly pay 0.3x to store data in Europe, with a European
         | service.
        
       | willtemperley wrote:
       | This poses a fundamental problem for many SaaS providers. How can
       | you guarantee client data aren't sent across the pond when all
       | the app state is held server-side?
       | 
       | The answer is obvious with native apps, where it's standard
       | practice to provide server endpoint details, so client-verified
       | data locality is simple.
       | 
       | I don't really know how this is practically possible in SaaS web
       | apps.
        
       | iLoveOncall wrote:
       | Europe will never have competitive offerings until they pay their
       | employees the equivalent of what FAANGs pay.
       | 
       | If you work for GCP or AWS in Europe, you'll easily get twice as
       | much income as if you do the exact same job for Hetzner or OVH.
       | 
       | You can't build equivalents to GCP and AWS without paying the
       | same. I work for a FAANG right now in Europe and I wouldn't
       | consider even a single second any European cloud provider as
       | potential employers.
        
         | embedding-shape wrote:
         | > Europe will never have competitive offerings until they pay
         | their employees the equivalent of what FAANGs pay.
         | 
         | Stop focusing on the absolute number of "$/year", and things
         | will make more sense. Seemingly you'll be able to live a more
         | lavish life in Spain given 1/4 of the salary compared to FAANG,
         | yet your life is better and you can afford more.
         | 
         | Higher salaries aren't always better, especially when you're
         | almost willfully ignoring more important things like purchasing
         | power and quality of life.
        
           | mgh95 wrote:
           | > Higher salaries aren't always better, especially when
           | you're almost willfully ignoring more important things like
           | purchasing power and quality of life.
           | 
           | Senior SWE salaries I'm finding in a quick google search in
           | Spain are 80k eur. According to levels.fyi [1] Google (and
           | presumably the other clouds) are paying 170k eur. The
           | comparison isn't even "is 4x the salary better in the US?"
           | it's "is 2x the salary better in the same place?" which is
           | obviously yes.
           | 
           | [1]
           | https://www.levels.fyi/companies/google/salaries/software-
           | en...
        
             | embedding-shape wrote:
             | Again, by focusing solely on the salary you're missing the
             | bigger picture. I know y'all are conditioned to just
             | focusing on the salary, but there is so much more to life.
        
               | inglor_cz wrote:
               | While this sounds like great philosophical advice, in
               | practice big salaries do attract employees regardless. If
               | you want to solve the "brain drain to American companies"
               | problem, ignoring the fact that they pay better isn't
               | likely to help.
        
               | mgh95 wrote:
               | I don't think I am. Spanish employees of Google benefit
               | just as much from Spanish employment law as Jose's Web
               | Dev Shop. It's the purest comparison considering it's
               | within the exact same country.
        
               | Nextgrid wrote:
               | Unfortunately my landlord does not agree and wants his
               | payment in actual money, and so do a lot of services we
               | rely on to live.
        
             | Juliate wrote:
             | But you still won't get with 170k in the Bay Area, what you
             | get in Paris, Madrid, Nantes or Barcelona with 80k.
             | 
             | In France, if you get 80k net, you do actually get ~160k,
             | half of which is collected/distributed before by your
             | employer to various mutualised funds (health, retirement,
             | unemployment, state taxes, employee benefits, etc.).
             | 
             | And the mechanism is somewhat similar in other EU
             | countries.
        
               | Nextgrid wrote:
               | 80k net is 6.6k. If you're getting 80k (which is the very
               | upper end of the range) it's likely you are in Paris,
               | where you're gonna give at least 2k of that on rent for a
               | shitty damp place, and double that for something decent.
               | 
               | Trust me I would love to quit consulting and be able to
               | have a chill permanent job that can afford me a good flat
               | and lifestyle. I'm still searching. Spain situation is
               | very similar last time I ran the numbers.
               | 
               | Definitely no fucking way I'm helping anyone build a
               | cloud provider (a cash cow considering the margins in
               | there) for such pay. If I want to sell my soul to the
               | devil, the one across the pond is gonna give me twice as
               | many bucks for it.
        
               | Juliate wrote:
               | 2k for a rent in Paris gets you nice places if you have
               | the time to spend to look for it. Cooking your own food
               | at home definitely makes a huge difference every month.
               | 
               | The suburb is quite nice too, if you get a few home-
               | office days. For 4k? you can have a big house+garden at
               | 30min from Paris center
               | (https://www.seloger.com/classified-
               | search?distributionTypes=...)
               | 
               | As a SRE, I got 65k in Nantes before I quit, and I've
               | never had to think about any single expense at all, not
               | once (having kids, house, dog, car, garden). That would
               | still have been quite confortable in Paris (swapping the
               | house for a smaller flat, and without the car/dog/garden
               | though).
        
               | mgh95 wrote:
               | > But you still won't get with 170k in the Bay Area, what
               | you get in Paris, Madrid, Nantes or Barcelona with 80k.
               | 
               | Note the 170k eur is in Spain -- not the bay area. I
               | compared salaries of Google in Spain to the average
               | salary of a senior SWE in Spain. The point isn't that the
               | big tech pay more in the bay area compared to Spain. The
               | point is the big tech companies pay more in Spain
               | compared to other Spanish companies.
               | 
               | And 170k eur in Spain is much more than 80k eur in Spain.
        
           | iLoveOncall wrote:
           | I'm not comparing European salaries with American ones, I'm
           | comparing salaries paid by American cloud providers IN EUROPE
           | with salaries paid by European cloud providers.
        
         | lnsru wrote:
         | I upvoted you. That's absolutely true for other roles as well.
         | Like hardware design engineers. At US company in Germany one
         | gets real salary. At German big company one will make 2/3 of
         | that salary. People are not stupid, why choose fraction of the
         | salary when one can take it all. There are outliers, but
         | majority will want to work for more than less money.
        
         | p1anecrazy wrote:
         | Be the change you wish to see.
         | 
         | If professionals like you join European companies it will help
         | grow their business and offer competitive salaries.
        
           | raincole wrote:
           | ~30% salary cut isn't a change many people wish to see.
        
             | deaux wrote:
             | There's a reason gambling companies end up paying more than
             | market rates for the same roles, and it's not out of
             | generosity.
        
           | iLoveOncall wrote:
           | That's absolutely not how any of this works.
           | 
           | If they can get top talent for half the salary they won't
           | suddenly start paying more.
           | 
           | There is only one solution: EU governments heavily subsidize
           | those European cloud providers which enables them to offer
           | top salaries and therefore attract top talent.
        
             | Nextgrid wrote:
             | It would also help not taxing those incomes at 60%.
             | 
             | Every time I look at a permanent role in Europe, if I
             | didn't already close the tab based on the offered salary, I
             | plug the number into a take-home calculator and then I
             | close the tab for sure.
        
         | deaux wrote:
         | There's always money to be made from being a traitor. Maybe
         | next time Yandex Cloud or Aramco Cloud offers you 50% more and
         | off you go.
         | 
         | And yes, I've walked the talk, so I can say this.
        
           | iLoveOncall wrote:
           | Laughable hyperbole.
        
       | abc123abc123 wrote:
       | This already happened. Hetzner, OVH, and countless other local
       | cloud companies exist. It is only the path of least resistancd
       | and market inertia, that stops companies from switching.
       | 
       | I run on Hetzner and am saving big bucks compared to the
       | ridiculously high priced AWS.
        
         | atmosx wrote:
         | Comparing EU cloud providers to AWS is like comparing a 1963
         | Zastava to 2025 high end BYD because both of them are cars and
         | can drive from point A to point B.
        
           | RobotToaster wrote:
           | The Zastava doesn't have a bunch of superfluous computers
           | that track you, is easy to service, and reliable?
        
           | pjerem wrote:
           | Except 95% of companies have no need of ultra scalable super
           | cloud.
           | 
           | If you are a very big SaaS company that is not Google or
           | Apple, you are probably serving hundreds of thousands, maybe
           | millions of unique users. AWS may be convenient, but you
           | don't /need/ it, you can build an infrastructure that will
           | handle such workload with any of the big european providers.
           | 
           | You'll just lose in comfort what you'll gain in data
           | sovereignty and infrastructure costs.
           | 
           | I worked for a 7MEUR MRR company that had maybe a million of
           | users who used the software every day. The thing ran on a
           | dozen of OVH servers, including multi-site redundancy.
        
             | omnimus wrote:
             | Exactly. AWS proposition was much more alluring where
             | compute was more expensive and it required yearly
             | estimations and updates.
             | 
             | In times when one physical server can have 32, 64 or even
             | 96 cores... you pack your own little datacenter right there
             | and it's pretty cheap to simply overkill it, have one or
             | two servers for redundancy and bye.
             | 
             | So many businesses will happily run from 4 core 10usd VPS
             | (that would have been beefy server 20 years ago).
        
           | niemandhier wrote:
           | But that is what people actually want.
           | 
           | I want a 1985 Mercedes that is build like a tank and outlives
           | me.
        
             | Etheryte wrote:
             | I know that's not what you really meant, but as an
             | unrelated tangent, modern cars are safer exactly because
             | they're not built like tanks. The car crumpling up even at
             | the smallest of crashes is good, because the more the car
             | crumples, the less any of the impact is transferred to the
             | passengers. It might mean the car is totaled and you need a
             | new one, but that's better than someone in the car being
             | totaled.
        
               | bborud wrote:
               | Yes, modern cars are superior when it comes to safety.
               | But the daily experience is orthogonal to this since most
               | people have serious accidents very infrequently. In your
               | daily experience reliability and economy is more
               | important.
               | 
               | And in computing, having a bit of downtime 1-2 times per
               | year is often a price worth paying if avoiding it
               | requires 90% more cost and effort. (Of course, people end
               | up having downtime anyway because they have something so
               | complex that they have 100x the number of ways something
               | can fail).
        
           | xyst wrote:
           | AWS is overrated junk, got it.
        
             | bborud wrote:
             | Well, isn't it?
             | 
             | It is easy to argue that it is expensive and complex. Since
             | it is. And lots of people have made that argument. I don't
             | think I've seen anyone argue in favor of AWS while skimming
             | the threads here.
             | 
             | So this is your opportunity to make the case for AWS.
        
               | xyst wrote:
               | I am not arguing for AWS.
               | 
               | It _used_ to be great and free tier made it easy enough
               | to migrate most personal use cases to their
               | infrastructure. But they have enshittified the free tier
               | to a point where it's unusable without forking over
               | obscene amounts of money.
               | 
               | Plus their support is non-existent unless you are one of
               | those big corps.
               | 
               | Plus for a 1T+ company. You would think that their
               | infrastructure would be top tier, never go done, best
               | practices?
               | 
               | Nope. us-east1 continues to be dogshit and their typical
               | response is to fork over more money for multi region and
               | zone support.
               | 
               | And yes, the scale at which aws advertises is largely
               | overkill for many companies. Even some Fortune 500.
               | 
               | But technology is driven by clueless C-level executives
               | that get easily impressed by deck presentations from aws
               | marketing.
               | 
               | Instead of investing in workforce. They invest in cLoUd.
               | 
               | It's a huge joke.
        
           | elygre wrote:
           | I think it's more about the absolutely stripped model vs the
           | loaded one.
           | 
           | The basic services are more or less the same, but the
           | hyperscalers provide hundreds of services where smaller
           | providers have only ten.
        
             | jopsen wrote:
             | Some of those services are utter crap though..
             | 
             | This is just my opinion, but there are some services that
             | just package software as VM and let's you spawn it with a
             | fancy button, leaving you with a largely unmanaged
             | instance.
             | 
             | There are other services like S3, BigQuery or SQS that
             | feels like magic.
        
           | tossandthrow wrote:
           | I promise you, a person buying a vehicle for their business
           | will be looking at ROI rather then smart features.
           | 
           | Computing at this scale is not marketed to flashy fanbois.
        
             | rrr_oh_man wrote:
             | > Computing at this scale is not marketed to flashy
             | fanbois.
             | 
             | Every vain CxO is a flashy fanboi at heart
        
           | tryauuum wrote:
           | when you compare IT stuff to cars, the discussion pivots to
           | discussing cars, please think twice before using any
           | analogies / comparisons with the physical world
        
             | Etheryte wrote:
             | But discussing cars is great, just like the Porsche 964
             | Carrera 4 Jubilee.
        
               | atmosx wrote:
               | Or the Porsche 356 A. Or the Alfa Romeo Giulia sprint
               | veloce.
        
           | bborud wrote:
           | Well, if the Zastava had 5-10x the amount of horsepower and
           | storage space of the BYD for the same amount of money.
           | Because that's what is often the reality. Bare metal is
           | unreasonably efficient compared to cloud services for not
           | that much more know-how.
           | 
           | I do tech DD work for investment funds etc and one thing I
           | often see are slow, complex and expensive AWS-heavy
           | architectures that optimize for problems the company doesn't
           | have and often will never have. In theory to ensure stability
           | and scalability. They are usually expensive and have
           | nightmarish configuration complexity.
           | 
           | In practice complexity tends to lead to more outages and
           | performance issues than if you had a much simpler (rented)
           | bare metal setup with some spare capacity and better
           | architecture design. More than half of serious outages I have
           | seen documented in these reviews came from configuration
           | mistakes or bugs in software that is supposed to manage your
           | resources.
           | 
           | Nevermind that companies invest serious amounts of time in
           | trying to manage complexity rather than remove it.
           | 
           | A few years ago I worked for a company that had two competing
           | systems. One used AWS sparingly: just EC2, S3, RDS and load
           | balancers. The other went berserk in the AWS candy shop and
           | was this monstrosity that used 20-something different AWS
           | services glued together by lambdas. This was touted as "the
           | future", and everyone who didn't think it was a good idea was
           | an idiot.
           | 
           | The simple solution cost about the same to run for a few
           | thousand (business customers) as the complex one cost for ONE
           | customer. The simple solution cost about 1/20 to develop. It
           | also had about 1/2500 the latency on average because it
           | wasn't constantly enqueuing and dequeueing data through a
           | slow SQS maze of queues.
           | 
           | And best of all: you could move the simpler solution to bare
           | metal servers. In fact, we ran all the testing on clusters of
           | 6 RPIs. The complex solution was stuck in AWS forever.
        
             | misir wrote:
             | All aws is selling a web gui on top of free software. You
             | still have to know ins and outs of the software to manage
             | it properly.
             | 
             | Heck their support is shit too. I have talked to them to
             | figure out an issue on their own in house software, they
             | couldn't help. My colleague happened to know what was wrong
             | and fixed the issue with a switch of a checkbox.
        
             | 202508042147 wrote:
             | +1 for bare metal! I wish I could convince more C level
             | people that that's what we need most of the time.
        
             | carderne wrote:
             | Out of interest, what control plane do you use for a
             | Hetzner/metal setup? Kubernetes ecosystem?
             | 
             | I use Coolify for side projects, haven't investigated
             | whether I'd want to use it for bigger/importanter stuff.
        
             | aerhardt wrote:
             | Hetzner doesn't even have an RDS service. I've heard rumors
             | for years but they haven't done it. Also, while I agree
             | that leaning too much on the cloud leads to lock-in - this
             | is an abstract concept that needs to be guarded against
             | when managing technology, always, anyway - and vendor-
             | driven hellish architectures, "vanilla cloud" offers other
             | conveniences other than compute, bucket, storage managed
             | and load balancers, like IAM, good CLIs, secrets
             | management, etc. Only Scaleway or OVH seem to be timidly
             | developing what I would consider "vanilla cloud".
        
           | Imustaskforhelp wrote:
           | Scaleway (maybe upcloud as well) are also great and atleast
           | Scaleway from what I know has many many features and its
           | really competitive with the offerings it provides in general
           | and has many offerings.
           | 
           | Your point's a little moot.
        
           | shaky-carrousel wrote:
           | Hm, equating AWS to a 1963 Zastava is pretty demeaning to the
           | Zastava. At least the Zastava was cheap junk, not premium-
           | priced junk.
        
         | nozzlegear wrote:
         | > _I run on Hetzner and am saving big bucks compared to the
         | ridiculously high priced AWS._
         | 
         | IMO even Americans should take a look at whether they need to
         | be using the big cloud providers or not. They're so much more
         | expensive compared to smaller hosts like Hetzner, Digital
         | Ocean, Vultr, and so on. It depends on what you're doing, of
         | course, but I'm American and moved off of Azure last year due
         | to the price and the complexity it encourages.
         | 
         | Reposting my comment from another thread on the same topic a
         | few days ago:
         | 
         | > This is why I moved off of Azure and over to Hetzner's US
         | VPS's. For what I was deploying (a few dozen websites, some
         | relatively complex .NET web apps, some automated scripts,
         | etc.), the pricing on Azure just wasn't competitive. But worse
         | for me was the complexity; I found that using Azure encouraged
         | me to introduce more and more complex deployment pipelines,
         | when all I really needed was Build the container -> SCP it into
         | a blue/green deployment scheme on a VPS -> flip a switch after
         | testing it.
        
       | alecco wrote:
       | Sadly the EU leadership is a bunch of professional bureaucrats
       | living in a comfy bubble completely disconnected with the people
       | or reality.
        
         | xoac wrote:
         | As opposed to.. the harsh realities of the Bay Area tech scene?
        
           | alecco wrote:
           | I'm not happy with the upcoming techno-feudalism, but a bunch
           | of (mostly) un-elected lawyers and economists have no clue on
           | how to build cloud.
           | 
           | And it's not that they want to help EU citizens, they just
           | want to be techno-feudal lords themselves. Or worse, more
           | like CCP.
        
       | nullsanity wrote:
       | I think reductionist opinions about the "Free market" and price
       | competition being the only factor are naive. Culture and trust
       | are major components of a project, and cultural sensibilities and
       | development culture can be a part of procurement decisions.
       | 
       | I worked for a company that chose Tresorit over any other option
       | because it gave them Data Sovereignty, E2E encryption, and most
       | important, it was not American.
       | 
       | There is intrinsic value in being "Not made in America" and data
       | sovereignty is a major issue for a lot of organizations. Just as
       | an American company would be concerned about storing their data
       | in China, the rest of the world is/should be concerned about
       | storing their data in the US.
        
         | mytailorisrich wrote:
         | We are a little misled, on purpose, with the term
         | "sovereignty", though. For instance, if you are a French entity
         | then sovereignty means your data stay in France. Moving things
         | to de facto EU control is the opposite of sovereignty.
         | 
         | I think Chomsky would have a lot to say about this and the
         | broad manufacturing of consent taking place across Europe.
        
           | jfengel wrote:
           | And for a lot of cases, that's ok. The world is a connected
           | place, and it's more economically efficient for that. You
           | work best when you trust your friends. You balance self
           | reliance, according to your best judgment.
           | 
           | It's sure worrying to watch a good friend become an enemy.
           | But you won't fix that by swearing off friends entirely.
        
             | mytailorisrich wrote:
             | This means exactly nothing in relation to my comment, but
             | that and the bare downvotes are actually a good
             | illustration of my point about manufacturing consent.
        
           | kergonath wrote:
           | > For instance, if you are a French entity then sovereignty
           | means your data stay in France. Moving things to de facto EU
           | control is the opposite of sovereignty.
           | 
           | It's something that crops up fairly often and I think most of
           | the time from people who are profoundly misguided or just
           | cannot understand that other people might see things
           | differently. Germany is _never_ going to annex parts of
           | France while the EU is a thing. It's on purpose. The whole
           | construct is full of feedback mechanisms that make it
           | physically impossible.
           | 
           | So yes, for a French company using Hetzner is a bit more
           | risky than OVH, but not that much, and either of those are
           | much better than Azure or AWS.
           | 
           | The big countries all have projects for national
           | infrastructure for things like defense and taxes. In these
           | cases everything needs to be directly controlled by the state
           | and it makes sense to use a local company. Most of the time
           | that would be companies you've never heard of.
           | 
           | For random users in the EU, it does not matter because all
           | big service providers will be following the same regulations.
        
             | mytailorisrich wrote:
             | So if someone doesn't agree with the narrative and points
             | out the obvious manipulation taking place they are wrong,
             | misguided, or simply stupid... I mean, you couldn't prove
             | my point any better, could you? And quite ironic, too about
             | others seeing things differently...
        
           | EinigeKreise wrote:
           | What this means to most people is really independence from
           | the US, whatever the wording. Could you expand on this
           | "manufacturing of consent" part? Who's doing the
           | manufacturing here and at the bidding of whom?
        
           | drooopy wrote:
           | The same chomsky who claimed that Epstein is a "highly valued
           | friend and regular source of intellectual exchange and
           | stimulation"?
        
             | snowpid wrote:
             | In addition: the same chomsky who wanted to send Ukraine
             | into oblivion?
        
       | barnacs wrote:
       | As if the surveillance and regulation by the unelected EU
       | bureaucrats was any better for the European citizens...
        
         | ndr42 wrote:
         | Even if you are right and everything is the same regarding
         | surveillance and regulation: there are other important aspects
         | that make the move to move european data out of the US
         | worthwhile.
        
           | barnacs wrote:
           | > other important aspects
           | 
           | like what?
        
             | ndr42 wrote:
             | I will just provide 2 examples, but you can find a lot
             | more.
             | 
             | If your data is in the hands of a nation that uses this to
             | block you from your data you should do something about it.
             | [1]
             | 
             | If your data is in the hands of a nation whose
             | representatives are threatening your territorial integrity
             | (greenland) you should find alternatives.
             | 
             | [1] https://www.heise.de/en/news/Criminal-Court-Microsoft-
             | s-emai...
        
               | barnacs wrote:
               | Right, but next time your data may be threatened by some
               | European idiot rather than one from the US.
               | 
               | To quote from my other comment:
               | 
               | > In my view, data can only be protected by its rightful
               | owner. And for that, we need education, not regulation.
        
               | ndr42 wrote:
               | maybe, but education won't solve the issues I outlined
               | above. So in interest of european security I'm all for
               | regulation of this.
        
         | preisschild wrote:
         | "Unelected EU bureucrats"
         | 
         | Clearly shows you have absolutely zero idea about what you are
         | talking about and just take your talking points from people
         | like Elon Musk
        
           | blell wrote:
           | Educate us, tell us when did we vote for the commission and
           | the likes of von der Leyen. (If your answer is "you didn't
           | vote for it, but you voted for someone who voted for someone
           | who voted for it in a secret ballot" I am going to chuckle)
        
             | casper14 wrote:
             | Do Americans vote for the supreme court or the chair of the
             | fed?
        
             | raincole wrote:
             | And when did Americans vote for the director of FBI? Chair
             | of the Fed? The local judge who can sign a warrant
             | permitting the police to rummage your house?
        
             | smallnix wrote:
             | Even that would be wrong. Von der Leyen was strong armed
             | into her position by Merkel and the other heads of states,
             | overruling Timmermans nomination.
        
             | sekai wrote:
             | > Educate us, tell us when did we vote for the commission
             | and the likes of von der Leyen. (If your answer is "you
             | didn't vote for it, but you voted for someone who voted for
             | someone who voted for it in a secret ballot" I am going to
             | chuckle)
             | 
             | Voters place their trust in representatives who then act on
             | their behalf during the EP voting process and other
             | legislative matters, such as electing the President of the
             | European Commission
        
             | SkiFire13 wrote:
             | By that logic the president of the USA is also "not
             | elected"
        
           | barnacs wrote:
           | I happen to live in the EU so I may have a slight clue what
           | I'm talking about.
           | 
           | But if you want an authority on the subject, look up Yanis
           | Varoufakis and how sovereignty and democracy worked out for
           | Greece when shit hit the fan.
        
             | MadDemon wrote:
             | Greece took on more debt than they could serve. Do you
             | expect the tax payers from other countries to just pay for
             | that without significant changes to how Greece operates? If
             | you can't pay your debts and you can't print your own
             | currency, you lose some sovereignty. But I feel like Greece
             | would have been worse off if they still had the drachma and
             | tried to print their way out of the crisis.
        
               | barnacs wrote:
               | Pretty much every single country in the world has taken
               | on more debt than they can serve. And the 2008 crisis
               | wasn't triggered by Greece either. The private creditors
               | should have taken the loss. And that holds true for the
               | rest of the world.
        
             | sbergot wrote:
             | Europe was able to impose policies to Greece because Greece
             | was requesting loans from Europe. Those loans were required
             | because other investors were unhappy that Greece had hidden
             | the real state of its finance in its reports.
        
         | jeffrallen wrote:
         | European citizens have the right to shop around. If they choose
         | a cloud provider from a European country with higher data
         | protection than their home country, they can send a message to
         | their own government.
         | 
         | Swiss data protection law is an example of this. An Italian
         | municipality could choose to use Infomaniak or Exoscale and
         | increase their sovereignty and privacy.
        
           | barnacs wrote:
           | As a European citizen, I can assure you, my options are
           | getting ever more limited. Several global companies have
           | kicked me off their platforms recently due to all the
           | regulations they can't be bothered with. Those that make an
           | effort to comply are by default required to submit to the EU
           | surveillance system. At the same time, I have no illusions
           | that any of this would somehow protect my data from the NSA
           | and the like.
           | 
           | In my view, data can only be protected by its rightful owner.
           | And for that, we need education, not regulation.
        
       | debugnik wrote:
       | > 61 percent of European CIOs and tech leaders say they want to
       | increase their use of local cloud providers.
       | 
       | Oof, the company I work for is proudly telling us we've just
       | migrated from a local provider to Azure, and partnered with
       | Google for "digital sovereignty" solutions. Glad to know that's
       | not the trend everywhere.
        
         | BSDobelix wrote:
         | >Google for "digital sovereignty" solutions.
         | 
         | Tell them about the Cloud Act and let those rusty wheels turn a
         | bit. There is no sovereignty when working with a U.S.-based
         | cloud company.
        
           | debugnik wrote:
           | I'm personally very aware of that, and I wish Europeans
           | dropped our collective tech-inferiority complex, but I'm
           | currently a junior at a large corpo and that's not even my
           | business branch; I can't steer it.
        
           | vander_elst wrote:
           | I think that Google has some partnership with Deutsche
           | Telekom where they provide the software and Deutsche Telekom
           | Runs it because Google doesn't have the encryption keys. In
           | that case Google even if they want they cannot provide the
           | data. Anyway that is still not digital sovereignity as Google
           | might decide to stop providing updates or add a backdoor...
        
       | kioku wrote:
       | > This isn't just compliance theater; it's a straight-up national
       | economic security play.
       | 
       | The woes of LLM contrasts...
       | 
       | In all seriousness, the points made ring true not only for
       | European companies and should make everyone consider the
       | implications of the current situation, as dreary as they are.
        
         | nixpulvis wrote:
         | Just as America would like to reduce its dependence on external
         | production, so to do other countries want to reduce their own.
         | We used to live in a world converging toward maximal
         | international trade, when in fact it was exploiting
         | underdeveloped nations. As we progress globally, and as the
         | development gap shrinks, we have noticed power dynamics which
         | weren't well guarded against in the old way.
         | 
         | So now what? How do we preserve a lot of the efficiencies of
         | the past, while strengthening the resilience and redundancy.
         | How can multiple nations create policy which drives business on
         | partially compatible protocols?
         | 
         | If I allow myself to be optimistic, I'd be hoping for more
         | international lawyers and trade agreements. Protectionism is
         | natural, but taken too far, isolationism is a death sentence.
        
           | michaelt wrote:
           | _> Just as America would like to reduce its dependence on
           | external production, so to do other countries want to reduce
           | their own._
           | 
           | If anything, I'd say for other countries it's more urgent.
           | 
           | If China embargoes deliveries of light bulbs to Europe, all
           | the light bulbs already in place keep working. The pain would
           | grow over time - giving a grace period, to ramp up local
           | production.
           | 
           | If America embargoes AWS, Google, Apple and Microsoft? The
           | pain would be instant and severe.
        
             | nixpulvis wrote:
             | I'm absolutely not an expert, but critical things for power
             | and food production not to mention medical supplies and
             | emergency equipment are also tied up pretty deeply in
             | international trade.
             | 
             | The world would break pretty quickly if we all just stopped
             | trading with each other.
        
               | michaelt wrote:
               | Sure, but many products can be sourced from a load of
               | countries.
               | 
               | If you can't get natural gas from Russia you can get it
               | shipped from America or Australia or Qatar - it's
               | expensive as hell, and you might need to quickly build
               | new regasification plants, but your economy keeps
               | running. And there's no remote kill switch that disables
               | the gas you already have in-country.
               | 
               | That's not the case for the services provided by AWS,
               | Google, Apple and Microsoft though - the 'competition' is
               | one US provider vs another.
        
             | agubelu wrote:
             | That would be as close to a declaration of war as you can
             | get without firing a bullet.
             | 
             | The immediate and obvious response would be for the foreign
             | branches of those companies to be declared "of national
             | interest", nationalized and forced to keep operating.
        
               | FpUser wrote:
               | >"nationalized and forced to keep operating."
               | 
               | Assuming there is no some kill switch which would render
               | a whole infra including hardware inoperable.
        
               | martijnvds wrote:
               | It's called us-east-1?
        
               | solatic wrote:
               | AWS China is a completely separate partition under
               | separate Chinese management, with no dependencies on us-
               | east-1. It also greatly lags in feature deployments as a
               | result.
        
               | hdgvhicv wrote:
               | We saw the damage crowdstrike caused in a few hours
        
               | gopher_space wrote:
               | I'd imagine the government would be in talks with the
               | highest ranking local Amazon employees long before, but I
               | can't imagine a country trusting the hardware or wanting
               | to manage the jank.
        
           | bborud wrote:
           | It is risky to believe that the development gap alone makes
           | for higher economic efficiency when manufacturing things in
           | China. There are very real structural differences in how
           | various industries are organized. Not least in terms of
           | geography.
           | 
           | This is an aspect the west seems to have missed entirely as
           | there are no attempts to learn from it or emulate it.
           | 
           | Everyone knows about Shenzhen. Not everyone knows that this
           | is how every major manufacturing industry is clustered in
           | China in various cities and regions.
        
             | nixpulvis wrote:
             | My point was that the development gap is what lead to the
             | current situation, not that it's just cheap labor that
             | makes Chinese stuff cheap.
             | 
             | My point about maintaining higher economic efficiency is
             | actually the same point you're making. How can the globe
             | (not just the west vs the east) learn from the past and
             | build for the future. We live in a magical world with
             | translation services available to billions of people, how
             | can we empower them to organize around the right ideas. How
             | can we preserve culture and art while flooding ourselves
             | with technologies developed globally? Who pays for security
             | and research? Intellectual property law in general?
             | 
             | So many big issues and questions still need a lot of work.
        
               | bborud wrote:
               | I think Congress is actually the biggest obstacle to
               | efficient manufacturing in the US. It is a body where the
               | primary motivation of representatives centers around what
               | they can get for their constituents, not what makes sense
               | nationally. So any government spending (eg procurement)
               | will actually tend to drive fragmentation as
               | representatives fight for their states.
               | 
               | Take for instance the space sector. It is fragmented by
               | design. By Congress. Not only is it spread all over the
               | country, making collaboration expensive, time-consuming
               | and clumsy: there are essentially six different federal
               | space agencies of which NASA is just one. This is
               | terribly inefficient.
               | 
               | I remember when reading about the Apollo missions it was
               | astonishing just how much time they lost by different
               | parts being built all over the US and then shipped across
               | the country to be integrated. Utter engineering madness
               | that was only made to work because one could pour immense
               | amount of cash on it.
               | 
               | This is why companies like SpaceX was able to run more
               | efficiently: they do a lot more in vastly fewer
               | locations. Ditto for Lockheed during their golden years:
               | Skunk Works was famous for having "everyone under one
               | roof and within walking distance of each other". (That
               | Skunk Works neither exists anymore, nor can it exist, but
               | that's a longer story which is also about extreme
               | inefficiency).
               | 
               | It is reasonable to assume that Europe wouldn't do any
               | better. Or any setup where politicians are inclined to
               | optimize for regional gain. You'd probably end up with
               | the same political fights over who gets what if the EU
               | were to push towards more of the kinds of manufacturing
               | that you find in China.
               | 
               | We know we're inefficient and we have some idea of why.
               | We like to blame factors that are easy to politicise or
               | evoke emotion (environment, exploitation of the poor
               | etc), but I don't think they are as important as people
               | tend to think.
               | 
               | We just don't want to change. And there are legitimate
               | reasons for that. Chief among them that we're
               | uncomfortable with strong central control. (Well, we used
               | to be. It only took a majority of republicans about a
               | decade to turn 180 degrees on that question and prefer an
               | all-controlling federal government dominated by the
               | executive branch)
        
               | detourdog wrote:
               | I think Susan Collins is a great example of this. Her
               | support of Kristi Noem is based on deals she finds
               | acceptable for Maine residents. The fact that other
               | states suffer at the hands of ICE doesn't effect her
               | decision's. Collins feels she only is responsible for
               | Maine and not humans that live outside of Maine.
               | 
               | I find this sort of compartmentalization offensive to the
               | common good.
        
               | fakedang wrote:
               | That's representative democracy for you. Heck, even China
               | faces the same issue, but they get to make it a
               | competition between provinces, on who can win the favor
               | of the emperor. Helps for them that the emperor has
               | supreme authority though.
        
             | SoftTalker wrote:
             | The US did this with automobile and steel industries
             | concentrated around the Great Lakes. It's not some kind of
             | profound insight on the part of the Chinese.
             | 
             | The downside is that it decimates entire regions if/when
             | the demand for what they produce drops.
        
               | bborud wrote:
               | Yes, it has its risk, but that isn't why the US or Europe
               | don't cluster industry to create higher efficiency. The
               | risk can be mitigated. The political willingness and
               | ability to do it deliberately just isn't there.
        
           | dmix wrote:
           | > we have noticed power dynamics which weren't well guarded
           | against in the old way
           | 
           | The clearest example is a dependency on a single wealthy
           | nation for military and world policing. It's a good thing for
           | individual countries to be able to project their own foreign
           | policy goals like containing Russia without having to rely on
           | the whims of another country's politics. Even here in Canada
           | we should be able to defend their own arctic border reliably
           | and be able to project power to China/India beyond strongly
           | worded letters.
           | 
           | > I'd be hoping for more international lawyers and trade
           | agreements.
           | 
           | Ignoring the US's recent moves there does seem to be more
           | trade deals than ever between 'middle powers'.
           | 
           | > isolationism is a death sentence
           | 
           | The best way to maintain global relationships is to offer
           | tons of value. Similar to how China can get good trade deals
           | and influence simply because they have so much to offer
           | economically. This isn't just issues of diplomacy.
        
             | littlestymaar wrote:
             | > like containing Russia without having to rely on the
             | whims of another country's politics
             | 
             | That's true, but at the same time it was probably already
             | the case before invasion of Ukraine, and it is definitely
             | the case now.
             | 
             | The main issue is political fragmentation: would Paris and
             | Berlin risk lives of French and German people (soldiers and
             | civilians due to retaliation) to save Vilnius?
             | 
             | But if the answer is true (as obligated by the Treaty of
             | Maastricht, independently of NATO) then Russia stands no
             | chance with conventional weapons against the whole Western
             | Europe, the balance of military, demographic and industrial
             | power is ridiculously lopsided (involving nuclear weapons
             | would also raise the same political question about the
             | French willingness to nuke Russia in retaliation to Russia
             | nuking Poland but if the answer is yes, Russia cannot win a
             | nuclear war either (which everyone would lose)).
        
               | HPsquared wrote:
               | The answer is always going to be "maybe", but hopefully
               | enough of a maybe to deter hostile actions. That puts
               | everything in an uncomfortable state of uncertainty.
        
               | bornfreddy wrote:
               | Better uncomfortable state of uncertainty than
               | comfortable state of war. Nuclear or conventional.
        
               | dvfjsdhgfv wrote:
               | > The main issue is political fragmentation: would Paris
               | and Berlin risk lives of French and German people
               | (soldiers and civilians due to retaliation) to save
               | Vilnius?
               | 
               | This is a wrong question. If one day Russia feels brave
               | enough to attack any NATO country, the right question to
               | ask is, "Do we want to fight this war on someone else's
               | soil or on ours?". This is the reason why Europe is so
               | focused on helping Ukraine BTW.
        
               | vasac wrote:
               | > Do we want to fight this war on someone else's soil or
               | on ours?
               | 
               | Russia thought so too.
        
               | dvfjsdhgfv wrote:
               | What do you mean? There was never any question of
               | attacking Russia and fighting any war on their soil.
               | Nobody in their right mind would attack a country with
               | the 2nd largest army and nuclear weapons. The war in
               | Ukraine definitely made this army still very weak, but,
               | except Ukraine defending itself, I don't see anyone
               | rushing to attack Russia anytime soon. It makes no sense
               | now and made no sense before they invaded Ukraine. There
               | is nothing to win by attacking Russia and a lot to lose.
        
               | pqtyw wrote:
               | > with the 2nd largest army
               | 
               | By what metric?
        
               | tokai wrote:
               | >would Paris and Berlin risk lives of French and German
               | people (soldiers and civilians due to retaliation) to
               | save Vilnius?
               | 
               | Yes very much.
        
               | generic92034 wrote:
               | Absolutely:
               | 
               | https://www.bundeswehr.de/en/news/eastern-flank-new-
               | brigade-...
        
             | nixpulvis wrote:
             | Well said.
             | 
             | One of the USA's greatest exports is intelligence and
             | higher education, and what has been happening with that and
             | the general anti-intellectual atmosphere is to me the most
             | concerning as an american. Ironically, public education in
             | america has been pretty bad for a while. But I'm going to
             | start rambling here... way too many problems, and no damn
             | leadership.
        
             | FpUser wrote:
             | >"like containing Russia"
             | 
             | I think at the moment Canada faces way bigger problems from
             | the south.
        
               | locknitpicker wrote:
               | > I think at the moment Canada faces way bigger problems
               | from the south.
               | 
               | Exactly. Not only there's the absurd campaign from the
               | Trump administration on how Canada should be a state but
               | there are also the recent treasonous talks between
               | representatives from the Trump administration and the
               | Alberta separatists.
               | 
               | https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/eby-alberta-
               | separatism-9.70...
               | 
               | Putin's regime might be a cancer of humanity, but
               | Canadians have far more reasons to feel threatened by the
               | Trump admin than from Putin, even if Trump is a proxy for
               | Putin.
        
               | FpUser wrote:
               | >"Putin's regime might be a cancer of humanity"
               | 
               | It will go away at some point unless global west will
               | start behaving in the same manner.
        
           | pyrale wrote:
           | > How do we preserve a lot of the efficiencies of the past,
           | while strengthening the resilience and redundancy.
           | 
           | Open source with clear international governance and
           | maintainer/contributor base, in such a way that a
           | geopolitical rift leaves both sides with working software.
           | 
           | That works for tech and the infrastructure, of course, but
           | not for the corporations built upon them.
           | 
           | > more international lawyers
           | 
           | I don't see that as a significant source of safety in our
           | current world.
           | 
           | > isolationism is a death sentence.
           | 
           | The current US admin isn't isolationist, it's merely
           | reverting back to 19th century imperialism.
        
           | RobotToaster wrote:
           | > If I allow myself to be optimistic, I'd be hoping for more
           | international lawyers and trade agreements.
           | 
           | One of the issues with the current system is that the WTO
           | appellate body, which is effectively the court of world
           | trade, requires USA approval for any appointments, which both
           | Trump and Biden have refused to give. This effectively makes
           | the WTO completely impotent.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appellate_Body
        
             | direwolf20 wrote:
             | Didn't the rest of the world form their own WTO without the
             | USA in it?
        
               | RobotToaster wrote:
               | Which seems completely pointless if they don't also
               | revoke the USA's "Most favoured nation" status.
        
           | FpUser wrote:
           | >"but taken too far, isolationism is a death sentence"
           | 
           | I would argue that few large countries have everything to be
           | self sufficient. For the rest - they would have to band
           | together to avoid being at the mercy of their bigger
           | overlords.
           | 
           | As for efficiencies of the past: I think they lead to a
           | complete monopoly / near monopoly in few critical areas. The
           | result - the monopoly power becoming a political weapon and
           | or critical vulnerability.
        
         | miohtama wrote:
         | Russian and China are already getting rid of Microsoft.
        
           | Zigurd wrote:
           | True but obv. Only lunatics would use a Russian cloud
           | service. The interesting part is whether and what extent
           | China is different. Also, why Europe should start treating us
           | like Russians.
        
             | kaffekaka wrote:
             | You have a pro-russian leader.
        
               | philipallstar wrote:
               | The massive sanctions he's placing on Russian oil make
               | that impossible to believe.
        
               | spiderfarmer wrote:
               | You must be one of the few who still believes what Trump
               | says to the media after nearly 100k proven lies.
        
               | philipallstar wrote:
               | Is that because there are no primary or secondary
               | sanctions? Or are you just ignoring what I'm saying?
        
               | watwut wrote:
               | You are ignoring Trump literally adopting Russian
               | proposals and demands in that war as they are. Trump and
               | america flipped sides, seeing Russia as admirable peer
               | and Ukraine as someone who should shut up and put up.
               | 
               | Trump want deals with russia to enrich himself. For that
               | he needs Ukraine to loose. Bad thing is Putin does not
               | have enough, he wants the rest of Europe too.
        
               | throwaway902984 wrote:
               | I think it is fair to separate putin and russia. I mean,
               | I don't think he uses our society as proxy for his own
               | ego. I think he really likes Putin.
        
               | wokkel wrote:
               | Those can also be explained by favouring usa/venezuela
               | oil while still supporting Russian politics. For example:
               | in the Ukraine war he is constantly seeking ways and
               | arguments to support putins position even though he is
               | one of the few leaders worldwide who do this.
        
               | philipallstar wrote:
               | They're not favouring - they're even enforcing secondary
               | sanctions on Russian oil on China and India, which is
               | difficult and expensive.
               | 
               | The fact that you can divine pro-Putin things from his
               | speech means nothing compared to him performing massively
               | powerful economic action against Putin.
        
               | varispeed wrote:
               | These sanctions make no difference, except make people
               | say things like you say.
        
             | isodev wrote:
             | > why Europe should start treating us like Russians
             | 
             | Because your CEOs have become power players in your
             | politics and that's generally a Russian/Oligarch thing.
             | 
             | Like Apple trying to wiggle their way out of the DMA and
             | when their bs arguments fail in court they send peach daddy
             | with tariffs and what not.
        
             | allarm wrote:
             | > why Europe should start treating us like Russians.
             | 
             | I don't know, maybe because your president is a dangerous
             | lunatic? I really enjoy these "are we the baddies?"
             | moments.
        
               | spiderfarmer wrote:
               | I'm not sure he's getting it yet. Maybe he's just not
               | personally affected yet.
        
               | throwaway902984 wrote:
               | Was that not an imperative statement agreeing with your
               | cathartic comment? A little weird there isn't an explicit
               | "this is why", but asking questions with a poorly
               | conjugated why along with bad punctuation isn't usually a
               | native speakers habit.
        
               | bee_rider wrote:
               | They said in a follow-up comment that they intentionally
               | wrote something ambiguous, so... I don't know, I wouldn't
               | waste too many cycles on comments that are deliberately
               | unclear.
        
             | throwaway902984 wrote:
             | Are you asking a rhetorical question or making a statement?
        
               | Zigurd wrote:
               | Ambiguity is a thing.
        
               | throwaway902984 wrote:
               | I was asking for the other commenters, to clear that up.
        
             | ericmay wrote:
             | > The interesting part is whether and what extent China is
             | different
             | 
             | Much worse for the EU, both strategically and economically.
             | You'll be able to buy Chinese services and give them your
             | data and money, but you won't be able to operate in their
             | market. Germany is feeling the pain there. [1]
             | Strategically they're a Russian ally and are actively
             | supporting Russia's war against Ukraine and further aims
             | against the EU.
             | 
             | Something like Russia -> China -> US as worst to least
             | worst partners.
             | 
             | The EU should invest in technical and military capabilities
             | and divest from _reliance_ on other countries and echos the
             | US American position very closely.
             | 
             | [1] For example https://www.autoblog.com/features/germanys-
             | auto-industry-is-...
        
           | tosapple wrote:
           | While they ditch Microsoft, Amazon and Oracle: we still use
           | Linux, Sel4, ASML and ARM.
           | 
           | There's lots of interesting stuff to watch out for.
        
             | akudha wrote:
             | What is wrong with using Linux?
        
               | direwolf20 wrote:
               | Linus Torvalds is very pro-corporate, pro-tivoization, he
               | thinks GPL3 was a terrible mistake.
        
               | palata wrote:
               | Is he pro-tivoization, or is he not against it?
               | 
               | I heard him talk about GPLv3 someday, and what he said
               | was that it was a mistake to call it "GPLv3", as if it
               | was the evolution of GPLv2, because for him it should
               | have been a totally different licence.
               | 
               | Which I find fair: there are different kinds of copyleft
               | (like MPL vs GPL), it makes sense to say that GPLv2 is a
               | different concept than GPLv3. Whereas I don't know if
               | anyone should use GPLv1 because GPLv2 sounds like it
               | fixed GPLv1 without changing its spirit.
        
             | hbogert wrote:
             | what's wrong with using european stuff? (ARM, ASML)
             | 
             | :P
        
               | dijit wrote:
               | Isn't ARM owned by Softbank? (Japanese)
        
             | mikeyouse wrote:
             | Isn't Sel4 Australian?
        
               | christophilus wrote:
               | All of the things OP mentioned are non-US tech. I think
               | the OP was speaking from a US perspective, though it's
               | not clear.
        
             | krzyk wrote:
             | What's wrong in using Linux. It is an open source project
             | with origins in Finland and still lead by a Fin.
        
               | woodson wrote:
               | ...who lives in Oregon, in the US.
        
               | amanaplanacanal wrote:
               | Hey, we'd break away if we could.
        
               | tempsaasexample wrote:
               | I spend a month in Oregon every year mushroom hunting and
               | elk hunting.
               | 
               | Once you're away from a few key cities, Oregonians are
               | more conservative and hardcore than even central
               | Californians.
               | 
               | I think you underestimate your state if you think they're
               | anti American.
        
           | UltraSane wrote:
           | AWS in China doesn't have KMS
        
           | locknitpicker wrote:
           | > Russian and China are already getting rid of Microsoft.
           | 
           | I don't know what you mean by China "getting rid of
           | Microsoft" in the context of cloud providers. I mean, Azure
           | is already present in China's internet, and just like any
           | cloud provider present in China it's presence is a
           | partnership with local cloud providers.
           | 
           | Russia is getting rid of Microsoft not because it has a
           | choice. They are subjected to sanctions due to their invasion
           | of Ukraine, and that essentially cut their access to all tech
           | services. By that measuring stick, Russia is also getting rid
           | of Boeing and Airbus.
        
             | ivan_gammel wrote:
             | The most interesting part is that they do not rely on
             | Western software solutions (Russia still needs hardware,
             | China may reach full autonomy soon enough). If they could
             | do it relatively quickly, EU can do it too. And EU now has
             | exactly the same incentives.
        
         | paradox460 wrote:
         | It's not just big, it's large
        
       | sunshine-o wrote:
       | If Europe wants to reach digital independence it really has to
       | look at thew big picture.
       | 
       | 1. European banks mostly sell debt and Nasdaq/Magnificent 7
       | stocks to their clients. This is what EU citizen invest in.
       | 
       | 2. Data centers run on semiconductors made in Asia and cheap
       | energy. Software is almost "the easy part".
       | 
       | 3. The whole migration to "the Cloud" (aka MS/AWS/Google), CAPEX
       | to OPEX transition during the ZIRP era was a scam sold by the
       | same ruling class that now tell you need to revert to the
       | previous model.
       | 
       | 4. Human capital has to be considered. Having big consulting
       | shops making banks on exploiting foreigners is not a sustainable
       | path to build digital independence (see the content of the recent
       | trade deal with India, an US and Russia ally).
        
       | ArtTimeInvestor wrote:
       | Can Europe build AI datacenters though?
       | 
       | Europe has no wafer production and no companies that produce
       | GPUs.
       | 
       | That means it is dependent on Taiwan for wafers and the USA for
       | GPU design.
       | 
       | Then there is the question wether there is a will to invest.
       | Gemini gives me this list of publicly traded companies in the US
       | and what they invested in AI infrastructure in 2025:
       | Amazon: $100B         Alphabet: $90B         Microsoft: $80B
       | Meta: $70B         Tesla: $20B
       | 
       | For Europe, I get this list:                   Deutsche Telekom:
       | $1B
        
         | enoeht wrote:
         | ASML & IMEC are European.
        
         | smallnix wrote:
         | Isn't every AI datacenter chip manufacturer critically
         | dependent on EU (ASML)?
        
           | ninkendo wrote:
           | Sure but the US isn't vowing to eliminate all dependencies on
           | EU goods. (Just burning all their good will.)
        
         | fweimer wrote:
         | Aren't Mali GPUs designed in Europe?
        
         | raincole wrote:
         | I mean, if after three years all we got is Mistral, it's
         | obvious that EU is out of the current round of AI race.
         | 
         | It might even be a positive thing. If the AI 'bubble' bursts
         | they might end up saving tons of money and can buy idle GPUs at
         | a discount.
        
           | malka1986 wrote:
           | Yeah and we could run kimi. Th issue is energy, we should
           | keep building nuclear reactor and renewable to power it.
        
         | margorczynski wrote:
         | Well it is like Thiel said in a recent interview - European
         | companies and investors are very risk-averse and will never be
         | a vanguard like the ones in the US.
         | 
         | You'll never get here that kind of cash for any risky project,
         | it usually is low risk + low margin.
        
           | 202508042147 wrote:
           | Maybe we don't need that kind of money for things like office
           | software, email, reasonable sized databases, VPS etc.
        
           | ozim wrote:
           | Feels like people write that like it somehow is failure on
           | investors side.
           | 
           | If you are investor on US market having 300M people speaking
           | roughly the same language and then high possibility to easily
           | spill over the world upsides on the bet are really high,
           | burning cash to have a chance hitting jackpot are much much
           | higher than in EU.
           | 
           | In EU you are starting in a single country so like 60M people
           | and your payoff is capped from start at most likely scenario
           | you go big in a single country and then you basically have
           | clean start in next country.
           | 
           | That is the reality of game theory, not some failure of
           | imagination or being scared to take risks - payoff is just
           | not there, in US you have a shot at insane payoff in
           | relatively short term.
        
             | lII1lIlI11ll wrote:
             | > If you are investor on US market having 300M people
             | speaking roughly the same language and then high
             | possibility to easily spill over the world upsides on the
             | bet are really high
             | 
             | The topic is cloud providers. Do you think it would be
             | critical for a EU-based cloud provider to translate their
             | admin GUI to Elfdalian, Basque and Romansh in order to
             | succeed? Or perhaps there are some deeper underlying causes
             | for European failure in modern computer tech that you can
             | think of?
        
           | snowpid wrote:
           | Thiel recently called Greta Thunberg the anti - christ. Thiel
           | is maybe crazy as Musk. at least he is not an authorative
           | source.
           | 
           | Besides the soure what does he mean with all of Europe:
           | Berlin? London? Paris? Estonia? Sweden? The start up eco
           | system is fragmented / decentralised. I doubt Thiel is a good
           | overview and he argues probably not in good faith anyway.
        
             | PlatoIsADisease wrote:
             | Zero to 1 was good.
             | 
             | But I generally have a hard time thinking any person's
             | opinion is some sort of fact.
             | 
             | However, it kind of tracks with my understanding.
        
         | alibarber wrote:
         | How much of the stuff that is under control of the US cloud
         | companies has any need for being in an 'AI' datacentre?
         | 
         | Does a store of healthcare records need AI? The state portal
         | for renewing passports? The tax administration?
         | 
         | I seemed to be able to use all of these things online before
         | the latest boom in AI came along.
        
           | ArtTimeInvestor wrote:
           | AI will be involved in all processing of data. Everything
           | that is human work today will be done by AI tomorrow.
           | 
           | So if Europe will rely on US AI infrastructure, nothing is
           | won by moving the old CPU bound processes off of US cloud
           | infrastructure.
        
             | alibarber wrote:
             | Two out of three of these things are effectively fully
             | automated already in my experience.
             | 
             | And I'm afraid I do not share your belief that the work
             | done by a healthcare professional today will be done by AI
             | tomorrow.
        
         | 627467 wrote:
         | People tend to fixate about cutting edge technology, but my
         | naive intuition says the problem in Europe is not in lack of
         | some secret sauce: it is hidden in plain sight lack of energy
         | to run the DC - and worse - lack of long term desire to make
         | the tough choices to get that energy
        
           | 202508042147 wrote:
           | I would also add lack of technical competence at C level. In
           | my previous job, I have dealt with quite a few European CEOs
           | whos only background was an MBA. Unlike the US where a lot of
           | CEOs have a deep technical background...
        
             | shaky-carrousel wrote:
             | Of course. One only has to take a look at Microsoft, Apple,
             | or Google, to notice that they're run by CEOs with a "deep"
             | technical background. No MBA whatsoever...
        
               | christophilus wrote:
               | Google and (and more debatably Microsoft and Apple) were
               | run by technical founders during the timeframe that they
               | were achieving critical mass. The MBAs came later to run
               | the machine and optimize the business. But, the machine
               | was built and grown by technical leadership first.
        
           | mark_l_watson wrote:
           | I read years ago that Hetzner placed data centers near
           | inexpensive power, but I understand that the EU's energy
           | situation has deteriorated. So you are correct, they have the
           | larger energy problem to contend with.
        
         | ear7h wrote:
         | Wow you're so right, you did such a good job asking computer
         | mommy to confirm your priors!
         | 
         | But actually, that's not the goal here. AI, at least the kind
         | of products that need dedicated datacenters ie. generative,
         | isn't critical infrastructure. The focus is on documents,
         | collaboration tools, file servers, single-sign on, databases
         | etc. that are seemingly monopolized by US providers.
        
           | Imustaskforhelp wrote:
           | Also to be honest, suppose EU uses kimi model which is open
           | source. They can literally swap out one word from the
           | provider and move from say American datacenter companies to
           | European.
           | 
           | Quite frankly, there is literally 0 moat and its great to see
           | EU focus on the real moat/lock-in issues.
        
           | 627467 wrote:
           | > documents, collaboration tools, file servers, single-sign
           | on, databases
           | 
           | All being (or soon to be) fed through LLM agents running on
           | fibers and datacenters controlled by NOT European entieties.
           | And if you build DC you'll be powering them with energy
           | imports.
           | 
           | Software being built on library repositories also under
           | foreign jurisdictions. Network infrastructure built on
           | imported tech running whatever backdoors "partners" see fit.
           | 
           | Its like you didn't notice the snowden revelations, the shift
           | from dependence on Russian Gas to US gas, nordstream
           | sabotage, stuxnet, etc
        
         | tliltocatl wrote:
         | Do Europe need AI datacenters to survive? AI is immature
         | technology that is not yet critical to anything.
        
           | PlatoIsADisease wrote:
           | Define 'survive'.
           | 
           | Given Europe's productivity gap with the US, they appear they
           | are becoming even further a vassal. They will survive, but
           | they further lose their leverage with each year. We see this
           | in international politics as the US pivots away from Europe
           | and towards Asia. (Although Russia's decline has also made it
           | less necessary too)
           | 
           | If you want Europe to rejoin 'great powers', as 'survival',
           | yes they need AI.
        
             | tliltocatl wrote:
             | Productivity in producing slop? Because that's the only
             | thing LLMs are good for so far. And by the time this change
             | the GPUs installed today will become obsolete.
        
         | simgt wrote:
         | > That means it is dependent on Taiwan for wafers and the USA
         | for GPU design.
         | 
         | Both being dependant on ASML, that we're crippling to please
         | our bully, the USA. We probably have more leverage that we want
         | to admit, but that requires a lot of politic will and...
         | planning the economy.
        
         | devsda wrote:
         | Is there a use case for AI that open models can't solve ?
         | 
         | Are there really any customers who are demanding AI and
         | threatening to leave if those AI features are missing in every
         | tech adjacent product ?
         | 
         | I think the make or break situation of integrating cutting edge
         | AI for any business is just the hype and fomo at leadership
         | level.
        
         | mark_l_watson wrote:
         | If they wait a year or so, the new AI chips being used now in
         | China will probably be available for LLM inference in Europe.
         | It seems unfortunate for small and medium size countries, and
         | also for the EU to be dependent on any IT infrastructure only
         | from China or the USA, but perhaps being flexible enough to be
         | able to switch venders or use both is safer?
        
           | convolvatron wrote:
           | exactly. in HPC we all understood that it was a tradeoff
           | between money and time, and that the curve was exponential.
           | if you wanted to race ahead of todays capabilities, you
           | could, but you couldn't go very far without burning alot of
           | cash.
           | 
           | because of the investment story about being first and
           | building a moat, we have companies torching 100s of billions
           | of dollars to see who can climb that exponential the
           | furthest.
           | 
           | we have so much work to do, in infrastructure, and
           | distributed computation models, and programmability,
           | quantization, and information theory...just relax a little.
           | you dont have to compete with OpenAI. OpenAI is just a giant
           | waste of money. take your incremental gains and invest in
           | research and I assure you we can get there without directing
           | our entire economic output into buying the latest highest
           | margin parts from Nvidia only to use them at 30%, if you're
           | being generous.
        
             | bborud wrote:
             | This kind of reminds me of an old paper:
             | https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9912202
             | 
             | Of course, we are no longer in the clock speed doubling
             | era, but computer does get faster still.
        
               | convolvatron wrote:
               | It's true that the progress on clock speeds has slowed.
               | Now we have to address the parallelism problem in order
               | to keep moving forward. And we haven't done a very good
               | job. Progress on that front will get us back on the
               | acceleration curve. Saedfly, the current framing of 'who
               | buys the most hardware', while I providing a nice
               | marketing story, isn't netting us that much progress
               | except what Nvidia spends internally.
        
         | vinyl7 wrote:
         | AI is as far away from useful and necessary as bitcoin and NFTs
         | were. I'm sure society can survive without it
        
           | ninkendo wrote:
           | Strange to say it's not useful, I personally get a lot of use
           | out of it. It's mostly replaced search engines for me, which
           | is no small thing.
           | 
           | Agree that society can survive without it though, but seems a
           | weird thing to just claim as useless.
        
         | pu_pe wrote:
         | Yes, this is a core issue. Most datacenter investments in
         | Europe come from American big tech. If AI is going to be half
         | as huge as predicted (kind of a big if), then Europe would
         | depend even more on the US for compute. The highest energy
         | prices in the world coupled with conservative investment
         | mentality means Europe is practically out of the AI race.
        
       | carlosjobim wrote:
       | I see this differently.
       | 
       | For European citizens and companies the safest option will always
       | be to have their data in the USA or anywhere where European
       | rulers cannot touch it.
       | 
       | The same for Americans, their data should be safest far away from
       | their government.
        
         | purkka wrote:
         | The Europeans have already cooperated with Americans so that
         | each could read each other's citizens' private messaging which
         | would be illegal for the locals.
         | 
         | Keeping the data overseas by design would just make this
         | easier.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Trojan_Shield
        
         | rvnx wrote:
         | Finally, this is the comment I was looking for.
         | 
         | If you are in France you may benefit from having your data
         | outside of France unless it's really safe stuff (e.g. a website
         | about your dog) and no user-generated content.
         | 
         | Because, if they seize your server for a case A, and they see
         | evidence for case B, they can charge you for B, C, D, E...
         | 
         | Of course the government, public policy, police and
         | intelligence folks are going to tell you:
         | "yes yes don't worry, bring your data here, it'll be safer with
         | us. Don't put it in countries like Russia or China where they
         | do not cooperate."
         | 
         | We talk about the country (France!) which already _requires_
         | you to give your ID card or take a selfie of your face to be
         | permitted to look at porn sites.
         | 
         | In a few months you _will_ have to give your ID to access
         | Discord, Meta, X, etc, and in September 2026 giving ID will be
         | mandatory to subscribe to VPNs.
         | 
         | (and yes technically these services can't be blocked, but once
         | they'll threaten you or the operators of such services with
         | jail and big fines it will be difficult to resist).
         | 
         | If your server is in Russia or China, well, good luck, so many
         | traps during the procedure that unless it is really important,
         | the French authorities are going to give up.
         | 
         | Russia doesn't care about non-Russian stuff, China the same, if
         | you own a small clone of X for example, you are much safer
         | there, and it is easier to operate.
         | 
         | The only thing is that you have to make more frequent backups,
         | as the things are less reliable there, so you can move
         | somewhere else.
        
       | 202508042147 wrote:
       | As a European, I am glad that this is finally discussed in the
       | open! I have made multiple comments in the last weeks that one of
       | the most important things, for me, is an alternative to the
       | Visa/Mastercard duopoly. And yes, I can use an app to pay, but
       | whenever I rent a car or purchase something online, I still use
       | one of these two American companies. Why isn't the European
       | Commission mandating these app payments in different EU countries
       | to connect with each other? Wouldn't that go faster than the
       | digital euro, that is set to come no earlier than 2029?
        
         | bluecalm wrote:
         | >>As a European, I am glad that this is finally discussed in
         | the open! I have made multiple comments in the last weeks that
         | one of the most important things, for me, is an alternative to
         | the Visa/Mastercard duopoly.
         | 
         | The main reason we don't have an alternative to Visa/Mastercard
         | duopoly is protectionism of EU countries. There are local
         | alternatives that do pretty well (BLIK in Poland, Revolut Pay
         | in countries where it's popular) but entering more markets is
         | like pulling teeth because EU throws regulatory obstacles at
         | every step.
         | 
         | >> Why isn't the European Commission mandating these app
         | payments in different EU countries to connect with each other?
         | Wouldn't that go faster than the digital euro, that is set to
         | come no earlier than 2029?
         | 
         | It would but then their non-local alternative could win which
         | they really don't want to happen.
        
           | yoavm wrote:
           | > The main reason we don't have an alternative to
           | Visa/Mastercard duopoly is protectionism of EU countries.
           | There are local alternatives that do pretty well (BLIK in
           | Poland, Revolut Pay in countries where it's popular) but
           | entering more markets is like pulling teeth because EU throws
           | regulatory obstacles at every step.
           | 
           | That doesn't seem to make a lot of sense? How did Visa &
           | Mastercard manage to go through the "protectionism of EU
           | countries" then?
        
             | bell-cot wrote:
             | > How did Visa & Mastercard manage...
             | 
             | I'd bet a combination of:
             | 
             | - Got through before the red tape ramparts were nearly as
             | thick as today
             | 
             | - Ungentle arm-twisting by the US Gov't... at Visa &
             | Mastercard's behest
             | 
             | - Amply greased palms... which can't be traced to Visa or
             | Mastercard. At least not in any jurisdiction which would do
             | anything about it.
        
           | yobbo wrote:
           | > because EU throws regulatory obstacles at every step.
           | 
           | No, the gatekeeping is done by local banks and governments to
           | protect their oligopolies/cartels.
           | 
           | There are many instant-pay apps across Europe and they are
           | intentionally not interoperable outside of local markets.
           | Each local banking oligopoly is trying to fence off
           | competition. The main fear is from smaller neo-banks.
        
             | bluecalm wrote:
             | >>No, the gatekeeping is done by local banks and
             | governments to protect their oligopolies/cartels.
             | 
             | If you are pointing the distinction between gatekeeping at
             | the EU level and country level I am not contesting that.
             | It's clear though that the gatekeeping is the problem here
             | (and in many other industries in EU).
        
         | deanc wrote:
         | Well, there is good news on that front [1]. It seems it's being
         | planned.
         | 
         | [1] https://thepaypers.com/payments/news/eu-considers-
         | developing...
        
         | _tk_ wrote:
         | Take a look here: https://wero-wallet.eu/
        
           | 202508042147 wrote:
           | Looking forward having this in the country where I live and
           | in the countries I mostly travel to! Well, actually all over
           | EU.
           | 
           | What is unclear to me atm, is it possible to rent a car using
           | wero? Also, can I pay online with it?
        
         | tmtvl wrote:
         | > _yes, I can use an app to pay_
         | 
         | So you move the power from two American companies (Visa and
         | Mastercard) to two American companies (Apple and Google)?
         | What's that supposed to solve?
         | 
         | Also, fuck apps. I had to set up an app for my mother to
         | recharge her new hybrid car and I am not joking: at one point I
         | had to create a log in for her and was greeted by a screen with
         | two options: Log In (blue button, white text), and Log In
         | (white button, blue text). I would rather use cash than an app
         | (and I'm in Belgium, carrying around cash is like herding sheep
         | through coyote territory).
        
           | 202508042147 wrote:
           | > So you move the power from two American companies (Visa and
           | Mastercard) to two American companies (Apple and Google)?
           | What's that supposed to solve?
           | 
           | Unsure what you mean, but for context I use an app developed
           | by a consortium of local banks and it works by scanning a QR
           | code. Indeed, I use an Android phone but my next one will be
           | a de-googled one like a Fairphone with /e/OS. Hopefully the
           | same app will work there...
        
             | severino wrote:
             | > Hopefully the same app will work there...
             | 
             | That's the problem: currently many of those banking apps in
             | the EU require having a phone with Google Play services and
             | other "security" stuff that makes you reliant on American
             | companies, like the post you're replying to claims.
        
               | 202508042147 wrote:
               | Now that the cat is out of the bag, I am confident that
               | those banking apps will (eventually) work without the
               | likes of Google Play Services. Additionally, what i
               | really want is an alternative to Visa/Mastercard, meaning
               | I can use it for renting a car or paying online.
        
         | Imustaskforhelp wrote:
         | We have UPI in India and it's pretty Robust.
         | 
         | My brother actually was part of deal in talks to have UPI
         | pilots as a project within London as a project within his
         | college and I remember him talking about how UPI (India) is in
         | talks with other European countries too.
         | 
         | With the mother of all deals recently signed between EU and
         | India. I sincerely hope that UPI can have access within EU
         | markets too.
         | 
         | If you ever come to India, you can witness the astronomical
         | rise of UPI. From street vendors to literally everybody now has
         | UPI and it has 0 fees and is really great/one of the best.
         | 
         | As for our brazillian friends, I have heard that pix is great
         | too and I have respect to pix as well plus its open source as
         | well. Both Pix and UPI are really great.
        
           | 202508042147 wrote:
           | Yes, there are local alternatives like Pix here as well, but
           | they only work in the same country. I need something that
           | works across EU countries, like wero. I also need something
           | that works on every site when I buy online and I can also use
           | it when renting a car. So a real Visa/Mastercard alternative.
        
         | buckwheatmilk wrote:
         | It just plainly makes sense for central bank to offer a digital
         | payments solution. Right now if I want to pay for something
         | without 3rd party taking a cut is to mail the money in an
         | envelope as if EU Central Bank denies existence of digital
         | economy.
        
           | dariosalvi78 wrote:
           | they're working on it, but it'll take time: https://www.ecb.e
           | uropa.eu/euro/digital_euro/html/index.en.ht...
        
         | yeahwhatever10 wrote:
         | Europe almost had in once ...
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wirecard
        
       | 202508042147 wrote:
       | Last week I migrated our db away from AWS RDS to a European cloud
       | provider. Everything runs fine and we also have it cheaper!
       | 
       | One of our domains is due for renewal in a couple of months. I'm
       | setting up the transfer to a EU registrar for it next week.
       | 
       | This all takes time and it's not the most important thing for the
       | bottom line, but on the long run I'm sure I'll look back and say
       | it was a great investment.
        
         | embedding-shape wrote:
         | > to a EU registrar
         | 
         | Which one? I've been using DNSimple for so long, been trying to
         | find something equally developer friendly who is based in
         | Europe but haven't had much success. Used to use Gandi before
         | DNSimple but it's obviously down the drain today.
        
           | new23d wrote:
           | netim.com has been reliable over the years for me
        
           | 202508042147 wrote:
           | Best would be to research a local one where you live. Support
           | your community while you're at it!
        
             | embedding-shape wrote:
             | I live in a town with 10K other folks, I feel like I'd know
             | if there was a local DNS registrar here :)
             | 
             | But maybe I should be the change I wanna see!
        
           | lillecarl wrote:
           | I use Scaleway as my registrar, I don't know if i can
           | automate domain registration but I don't have to. They have
           | APIs for managing records if you choose to host DNS there
           | too.
        
           | hk__2 wrote:
           | What about OVH?
        
             | procaryote wrote:
             | OVH is awful. The UI is slow and buggy, operations often
             | fail and you need slow contact with support.
             | 
             | Worse, closing an OVH account is very hard. Every domain
             | you host there they sign you up to several services, and
             | you need to manually disable each one before they let you
             | close the account. This then often gets stuck, because of
             | the broken UI, and you end up needing to badger support
             | over and over until they'll fix it
             | 
             | Never again
        
             | rendaw wrote:
             | They have Fido 2FA too!
             | 
             | But their web UI looks and feels like it was pieced
             | together by hamsters. It doesn't leave me feeling confident
             | in their technical abilities in any way.
        
           | nozzlegear wrote:
           | I've been using DNSimple for ages and I'm looking to switch;
           | not because of geopolitical reasons (I'm American), but
           | they're just damn expensive for the simple dns and domain
           | management stuff I use them for.
        
             | manmal wrote:
             | Are there other good ones with such a nice API?
        
               | nozzlegear wrote:
               | Good question! Ironically I want to use their API to
               | migrate somewhere else, but it'd need to have a good API
               | to complete the migration :P
        
         | rookonaut wrote:
         | Can you disclose which European cloud provider you chose?
        
           | 202508042147 wrote:
           | We went with Hetzner as we already had good experiences with
           | their VPSes. For this particular db migration, a resonably
           | sized VPS with volumes does the job for us. We don't have
           | planet scale operations so the lowish IOPS is not an issue
           | atm. Also, with this experience at hand, I am confident that
           | we'll manage another migration if need be.
        
             | gregman1 wrote:
             | Afaik Hetzner has a couple of server locations in the USA.
             | Is it correct to say that Hetzner has to comply to US CLOUD
             | Act and therefore give away any data requested?
        
               | MonkeyClub wrote:
               | Depends on which data center you're hosted.
               | 
               | The one under US jurisdiction operated by Hetzner US LLC
               | must comply, while the German ones are operating under
               | the GDPR, which has extraterritorial clauses can can deny
               | or challenge the request.
        
               | rvnx wrote:
               | It's not that guaranteed.
               | 
               | The reality is that if you have any interest, company or
               | employees in the US you can be coerced to do anything the
               | US government wants.
               | 
               | Either legally through courts, or through business
               | influence, or through harassment (e.g. hardcore checks
               | from the IRS).
               | 
               | Sorry, Stripe rejects you now because you are high-risk
               | (you have to explain why you refuse to help in criminal
               | cases, though there is a court requesting you).
               | 
               | You don't like to comply to US requests and protect
               | terrorists ?
               | 
               | https://support.stripe.com/questions/how-to-resolve-
               | blocks-o...
               | 
               | Still don't comply ?
               | 
               | You are added to sanctions list, end of the game.
               | 
               | https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/sb0185
               | 
               | Even Microsoft acknowledges that these cross-border
               | requests cannot be avoided.
               | 
               | https://www.convotis.com/es/en/news/microsoft-access-eu-
               | data
               | 
               | The same way that EU can force fetching data from the US
               | entity.
               | 
               | Now on the EU side:
               | 
               | GDPR fine of 4% of your worldwide income. Well, too bad,
               | your US entity refused, we will have to punish your EU
               | entity very strongly.
               | 
               | If small provider, oh right you refuse ? Well, we will
               | notify your bank that you do not respect the court
               | orders, etc.
               | 
               | The law is one of the way of enforcement, but there are
               | multiple stages of pressure.
               | 
               | Still refuse ? Well, let's come to you at 6am then.
               | 
               | https://www.insurancejournal.com/news/national/2020/07/10
               | /57...
        
               | kaveh_h wrote:
               | Any company opting for building digital sovereign systems
               | should build a redundant and decentralized organization
               | so that in worst case the company can split up its
               | operations geographically to avoid being in the
               | crosshairs of any host countries government.
        
               | rvnx wrote:
               | Absolutely, but imagine, Zuckerberg creates a new
               | company:                   "Storm" -> "the European end
               | to end encrypted privacy-conscious messenger app"
               | 
               | Now, an US court, requests data from that project to
               | protect an imminent attack where people are going to die.
               | 
               | He refuses, his company refuses, everybody refuses.
               | 
               | Do you think he can evade US justice even if the company
               | is incorporated in the EU ?
               | 
               | Collaborating is the path of least resistance, and as
               | long as you can claim somewhat "we didn't have any
               | choice, we were coerced" then you are fine. This is also
               | why Apple, Google, Meta, NordVPN, etc, are all
               | collaborating with the infamous FBI DITU group.
        
               | mk89 wrote:
               | There are EU alternatives to Stripe.
               | 
               | I know what you meant, but I think that there are
               | alternatives, even if they are maybe not as good as the
               | ones made in US.
               | 
               | Also, if the goal is to go all in on data sovereignty, so
               | be it - put the companies in the sanctions list. It will
               | only grow.
        
             | esskay wrote:
             | Did the exact same thing for a client who's ops we managed
             | on AWS. I was pretty against ditching RDS and a load
             | balanced setup for hetzners load balancer and 3 instances
             | (2 web, 1 db) but honestly, it's been pretty smooth
             | sailing. The sites faster, and costs dropped massively,
             | saving the client approx EUR900/mo for a better service.
        
             | mvelbaum wrote:
             | do you use FDE on your hetzner instances? I couldn't find a
             | guarantee that they properly dispose of block storage so I
             | ended up developing a utility for this
             | https://github.com/mvelbaum/hetzner-fde-toolkit
        
           | dopidopHN2 wrote:
           | OVH in my case
        
         | andsoitis wrote:
         | > Last week I migrated our db away from AWS RDS to a European
         | cloud provider. Everything runs fine and we also have it
         | cheaper!
         | 
         | If I may ask, why didn't you choose the cheaper option before?
         | What do you think you're trading off, if anything?
        
           | 202508042147 wrote:
           | Going with the default, we were already using other services
           | from them.
        
             | np_tedious wrote:
             | So you still have other stuff with AWS?
        
               | _fizz_buzz_ wrote:
               | I think they meant it the other way around. They mostly
               | used AWS and had already some stuff on Hetzner, which
               | made switching over to Hetzner easier.
        
         | fdgfikgfv wrote:
         | This is happening in the US firms too. Yesterday, our CTO asked
         | us to look into multi-cloud solutions. We know it is
         | politically motivated decision with no cost savings or benefit.
        
       | BSDobelix wrote:
       | It's called the Cloud Act. If your business wants to keep its
       | production secrets and personal data safe, think again. This has
       | nothing to do with Trump.
       | 
       | Don't fall for the trick of using an AWS EU sovereignty cloud.
       | Amazon is US-based and falls under the Cloud Act. Don't be
       | tricked.
        
       | antirez wrote:
       | To really understand how complicated is this matter, put into the
       | mix that _before AI_ in Europe there was no shortage of knowledge
       | to have all our cloud services (to the point that a decent part
       | of key infrastructure software is developed in Europe or mainly
       | by Europeans), social networks, ..., but yet it was never
       | strongly wanted. To reach this point, something is really odd
       | with the current US-EU tensions.
        
       | llmthrow0827 wrote:
       | EU countries are just vassal states of the USA in practice,
       | anyway. If Uncle Sam wants that data, he's getting it, either by
       | asking politely or by taking it. And the EU countries can't and
       | won't retaliate.
        
       | alansaber wrote:
       | can't wait for my european incorporated company to run on my
       | european cloud servers so I can run my european language models
       | (which will run inference on european english)
        
       | hunglee2 wrote:
       | The time for Great Firewall of Europe was 2005, when Friendster,
       | Skype, Xing were still a thing. Probably too late now but effort
       | still needs to be made. One upside of a sovereign European
       | Internet is an ecosystem which may sustain thousands of well
       | paying jobs
        
         | hagbard_c wrote:
         | Great Firewall? Is that where you think we - Europeans,
         | Americans, anyone living in what used to be called the 'free
         | world' - should go, just follow the Chinese and North Korean
         | and similar regimes in restricting access to whatever those in
         | control deem to be appropriate? Do you even realise what you're
         | proposing here?
         | 
         | We in what used to be called the 'free world' used to revel in
         | our freedom of movement, our freedom of thought, freedom on
         | conscience, religion and more. We used to look at places where
         | such freedoms were not a given like they were and to a large
         | extent still are here. The Chinese 'Great Firewall' was seen in
         | the same light as the Berlin Wall: a means to keep an
         | oppressive regime in power, to keep the citizenry of China
         | unaware of anything the regime did not want them to know about
         | so they could mow them down at Tienanmen Square without people
         | outside of the area learning about it. Now there's some HN user
         | claiming that Europe should also build one - why exactly? What
         | is it that we Europeans should not be allowed to access? Why
         | should the European Commission - maybe I should start calling
         | them the European Commissars - have such power over Europeans?
         | 
         | I say no to any such proposal and will, just like the Chinese,
         | find a way around any such tool of oppression.
        
       | niemandhier wrote:
       | For most medium sized business or government agencies, the main
       | reason for cloud providers is that you don't need the in-house
       | skill.
       | 
       | You can replicate most of their offerings for that target group
       | with open source stuff easy enough, but you will need people to
       | maintain that and those are more expensive.
        
       | gregman1 wrote:
       | I'd start with govs. Governments are mostly running Microsoft.
       | Like your and your friends and family's health, tax, ownership,
       | pension and other data.
        
         | oellegaard wrote:
         | This! I'm Danish and everything in the government is Microsoft.
         | USA is trying to make a hostile takeover of Greenland, a part
         | of the Danish Kingdom, and meanwhile the parliament is
         | migrating to Azure. I hope someone in the government wakes up
         | soon before it's too late.
        
       | retinaros wrote:
       | europe is doing well enough to hinders freedom. we don't need
       | america for that. just at the moment in france they voted law to
       | restrict social media from teenagers. that will require ID for
       | loging onto websites. one can already guess whats the next step.
       | the minister in charge of this already mentionned trying to ban
       | VPN like in north korea.
       | 
       | European governements WILL take your data from "sovereign" clouds
        
       | ptero wrote:
       | A much better goal would be to ditch dependence on a single
       | company and become, as much as possible, cloud provider agnostic.
       | Not that I mind giving US big tech grief -- they earned it in
       | spades.
       | 
       | But if you wrestle your technology chains from one evil master,
       | do not willingly give it to another, even if he looks more
       | benevolent today. My 2c.
        
       | oellegaard wrote:
       | We recently moved two companies from AWS to Scaleway which is the
       | closest to AWS you find in EU AFAIK. It's like AWS 5-10 years
       | ago, eg much fewer managed services and you don't have as much
       | tooling, but it works great and it is also cheaper. You do get
       | managed kubernetes, Postgres and Redis plug and play though.
        
       | vasco wrote:
       | And move to the Lidl cloud?
        
       | hsuduebc2 wrote:
       | If China can and will do it, it is naive to assume other
       | superpowers with their own interests, especially when they have
       | convenient access to your data, would not do the same. More
       | likely in country when business is so tightly interconnected with
       | politics.
        
       | lucasRW wrote:
       | Why EU-native rather than nation-native ? If you are French, your
       | sensitive stuff must be French-native, just like Switzerland
       | does, not "EU-native whatever that means".
       | 
       | There is no EU, each country has very strong different interests,
       | on some topics, some will decide to stay close to the US, on some
       | other topics, some will seek proximity with the BRICS, etc, etc.
       | Constantly being in an in-between is what has destroyed Europe.
        
         | surgical_fire wrote:
         | > There is no EU
         | 
         | > what has destroyed Europe.
         | 
         | Hyperbole much?
         | 
         | I think you completely misunderstand what the EU is, the
         | position of its member states, etc.
         | 
         | It's hard to take any point you tried to make seriously given
         | that.
        
       | jmyeet wrote:
       | IMHO Europe has one choice, and it may already be too late, and
       | that is to adopt the China model or to descend into fascism and
       | neoliberal economic collapse.
       | 
       | Europe needs to be responsible for its own security and needs its
       | own versions of all the big American tech companies. This
       | administration has done more to destroy American soft power than
       | any other in history and it's not even close. The US has shown
       | itself to be an unreliable partner.
       | 
       | China now has a record of decades of long-term planning and
       | choosing the interests of its populace over corporate interests.
       | It's not problem free by any means but the food is cheap and
       | plentiful, the priority for housing is availability rather than
       | treating it purely as an investment vehicle, infrastructure such
       | as robust public transit is a priority and from the beginning of
       | the Internet age, China has decided not to be beholden to
       | American tech companies so there are Chinese versions of
       | everything.
       | 
       | One may question Europe's ability to innovate in tech given the
       | comparative lack of unicorns produced (vs the US) but that's
       | irrelevant here, for two reasons:
       | 
       | 1. Europe doesn't need to innovate. It just needs to copy; and
       | 
       | 2. Forcing EU governments and companies to use European platforms
       | will create a captive market.
        
       | ExoticPearTree wrote:
       | I like it how everyone says that, but there is no european cloud
       | operator able to offer what AWS/GCP/Azure offer. And if you are a
       | start-up and you want to grow, the situation is even more dire.
       | 
       | And without a few hundreds of billions of EUR invested _today_
       | there will still be at least a decade until basic infrastructure
       | will be somewhat on par with current day hyperscalers from the
       | US.
       | 
       | And Office suite wise, it took Google about 15 years of pouring
       | money into Google Docs to be almost as good as the MS offering.
       | 
       | Today, if for political reasons some EU companies will switch to
       | whatever Europe has to offer in terms of cloud computing, they
       | will need to spend a significant amount of money to retool their
       | day to day pipelines and invest into developing or replacing
       | cloud services with alternatives from the new provider or self-
       | host if there is no native offering.
       | 
       | There's a chance that the current situation will start to resolve
       | itself in 3 years and we go back to normal, however that might
       | look.
        
         | vachina wrote:
         | The consumers are domestic EU so you don't really need the
         | reach and availability of the big 3.
        
           | albert_e wrote:
           | It's not just geographic regions around the globe.
           | 
           | It is also the wide array of services -- well integrated into
           | their primitives of security, authentication, governance,
           | monitoring and logging, etc
           | 
           | Is there a EU cloud provider that provides -- even if limited
           | to EU geography -- the equivalent of Blob Storage + Azure
           | Data Lake Storage + Azure Data Factory or Fabric + Microsoft
           | Foundry with native access to OpenAI and Anthropic models?
        
             | the_real_cher wrote:
             | You can get all of that in the EU via scaleway, Ionos etc.
             | for example.
             | 
             | I don't know what you mean by native access to frontier
             | models. Who has native access to these frontier models?
        
             | thibaut_barrere wrote:
             | Having used both worlds: a lot of the provided features
             | come with strong vendor lock-in, and in most cases that
             | not, with slightly stronger "local" engineering you can
             | reach the same targets and needs locally.
             | 
             | The more I work (started coding 40 years ago, and data
             | engineering 25 years ago), the more I favor designs that
             | are less coupled to cloud features.
             | 
             | If you do so, the offering in the EU just as it is now is
             | well enough to scale.
             | 
             | In short: more computer science, less delegating to cloud
             | operators, stronger designs.
        
               | rm30 wrote:
               | The irony is that EU education is still broader and more
               | grounded in fundamentals, compared to US one that has
               | become increasingly skills-oriented.
               | 
               | I also prefer to design solutions that are portable and
               | platform independent, cloud providers simplify and hide
               | something to you, it has a cost (not just money) that you
               | cannot quantify on long term and that's clear for who has
               | experience in both worlds.
        
               | albert_e wrote:
               | This is sane advice but maintaining strong internal
               | engineering and IT teams is not everone's cup of tea;
               | even organizations gthat intend and try to do this cannot
               | achieve it -- and furthermore the big cloud operators
               | have spent millions of dollars spreading the gospel that
               | the only correct way to survive and build is to migrate
               | to cloud and use their lego building blocks.
               | 
               | A lot of the justification for moving away from own
               | datacenters and heavy in-house engineering teams actually
               | makes sense to organizations of many shapes and sizes. If
               | the core business is not technology -- it is hard to stay
               | invested in a in-house cloud-agnostic engineeringc
               | capability.
               | 
               | The world has more or less accepted this reality and
               | adopted the services like S3 and managed databases, and
               | tight integration with the likes of Microsoft
               | Entra/Purview/Sharepoint/O365 etc for ready-to-use
               | business integrations. Prying organizations away from
               | taht convenience is going to be hard. But the current
               | environment cretaed due to lack of trust in US could the
               | strongest motivator ever to push businesses and nations
               | in that direction. I reckon it will be a long and painful
               | process though.
        
             | pjmlp wrote:
             | You don't need to tick all boxes from a cloud vendor.
             | 
             | Boring technology goes a long way.
        
             | 2III7 wrote:
             | How about not limiting yourself to specific services? If
             | you've built your product around specific cloud providers
             | services then that is the problem not the fact that there
             | aren't alternatives to those seevices.
        
               | ExoticPearTree wrote:
               | Until two years ago, I did not need Google Dataflow as a
               | very specific example. But then new business requirements
               | came in and there were two options:
               | 
               | - develop something internally and support it
               | 
               | - use a cloud provider offering, fire it up and forget
               | about it
               | 
               | The choice was pretty straightforward.
        
           | Nextgrid wrote:
           | Availability ain't worth shit unless the compensation for
           | missing said availability is anywhere near the business
           | losses caused by it. "Credit on your bill" doesn't count (and
           | you're not even likely to get that since they can just lie on
           | their status page and pretend everything is fine).
           | 
           | Cloud is convenient but don't expect any kind of availability
           | you can actually rely on. If you actually need that, you're
           | gonna have to go multi-cloud or self-managed bare-metal at
           | multiple providers anyway.
        
             | ExoticPearTree wrote:
             | You go multi-region. Multi-cloud is extremely expensive,
             | both in terms of data and functional equivalence.
             | 
             | Bare metal is pretty much the same story: you can host it
             | at different providers, but scaling that and maintaining
             | coherence between data centers is not an easy feat as it
             | might sound.
             | 
             | And seriously now, no sane provider is willing to cover
             | your losses if they go do down. On the other hand, it's not
             | a secret this is not happening and you can take this into
             | account in your risk management strategy.
             | 
             | After years and years, Amazon now has an offering to shield
             | you from when us-east-1 goes down. Funny, no?
        
               | Nextgrid wrote:
               | If you're going to go multi-region and take the latency
               | hit may as well go multi-provider no?
               | 
               | Multi-region within the same provider won't shield you
               | against unknown shared dependencies on a single point of
               | failure (AWS console auth still relies on credentials
               | being checked in a single region if I remember right).
               | 
               | And yes fully agreed that maintaining consistency between
               | active-active regions (whether cloud or bare-metal) is
               | super hard and not worth it for most deployments. Active-
               | standby with point-in-time-recovery and an acceptable
               | data loss window is much easier - when one region is
               | confirmed down, someone throws a switch and the standby
               | becomes active.
               | 
               | > no sane provider is willing to cover your losses
               | 
               | Agreed, but thats why all those who justify the 10-90x
               | premium of the cloud over bare-metal are full of it -
               | that premium is not actually worth it.
               | 
               | > it's not a secret this is not happening
               | 
               | Maybe for you it's not a secret? Literally every thread
               | tries to justify cloud reliability and their resulting
               | markups. Well if it's that reliable they'd put their
               | money where their mouth is.
        
               | ExoticPearTree wrote:
               | > If you're going to go multi-region and take the latency
               | hit may as well go multi-provider no?
               | 
               | No. If you go multi-region, you use the same tooling,
               | same terraform modules and logic and so on. There's
               | little plumbing needed to make it work. And latency wise
               | this is not an issue in most cases, since most of the
               | requests are covered by the CDN anyway. And you don't
               | have to duplicate everything.
               | 
               | If you go multi-cloud you need to learn a whole new set
               | of systems. And that is expensive. Both in terms of
               | operating and people - because you will need more.
               | 
               | > Agreed, but thats why all those who justify the 10-90x
               | premium of the cloud over bare-metal are full of it -
               | that premium is not actually worth it.
               | 
               | You get charged a premium for convenience. And a high
               | enough chance you don't have downtime.
               | 
               | > Maybe for you it's not a secret? Literally every thread
               | tries to justify cloud reliability and their resulting
               | markups.
               | 
               | Cloud is reliable if you are willing to spend some money
               | to benefit from that reliability and convenience.
               | 
               | ---
               | 
               | Besides this, another thing where cloud saves you money
               | is compliance. They have all the right attestations in
               | place to make your audits go easy. If you self-host on
               | bare metal, you're going to spend a lot of time to be
               | compliant with various regulations. Maybe if you're a
               | small company, you don't have that much compliance you
               | need to do. But once you grow a little, those immutable
               | Stackdriver logs are a godsend when you're asked to prove
               | logs have not been tampered with.
        
         | vovavili wrote:
         | >And Office suite wise, it took Google about 15 years of
         | pouring money into Google Docs to be almost as good as the MS
         | offering.
         | 
         | And yet they _still_ don't have a desktop client for hotkey-
         | driven and very fast-paced workflows, meaning that any serious
         | professional spreadsheet work is still a Microsoft monopoly. If
         | even the US market with all its favorable conditions can't
         | deliver a competing product after years of trying, a
         | fragmented, brain-drained, overregulated and high-tax continent
         | attempting the same is just hopes and dreams.
        
           | blauditore wrote:
           | What hotkey-driven and fast-paced workflows are you referring
           | to? I used to be an Office user, now G Docs, and I hardly
           | miss anything. Hotkeys do exist, and more complex stuff can
           | be automated quite well with AppsScript.
           | 
           | Maybe I'm not enough of a power user, but these things often
           | sound to me like the 0.1% productivity boosts that are nice
           | to have, but often hardly relevant in the grand scheme of
           | things.
        
           | throwway1922 wrote:
           | Wrong point. Nothing wrong with browser based clients. Even
           | if they build some desktop client, by the time google (or
           | anyone) does that compatibility Microsoft will change their
           | formats. MS even removed their apps from ChromeOS to make it
           | so. The issue is you can't fix MS. regulators are just too
           | rich to care.
           | 
           | It is even the same as Office for Mac is not 100% compatible
           | with office for windows (or so called CoPilot AI whatever)
        
           | dopidopHN2 wrote:
           | I've seen US citizen swich in mass to cryptpad and protondoc
           | over ICE being in their town and then wanting to deliver
           | grocery to their neighbors.
           | 
           | Proton seems to have stick. It's far less feature full than
           | google doc but I started to receive link to proton doc
           | outside of a immigration context.
           | 
           | Also, I do spreadsheet for a living and my last two job were
           | not providing a office licence ( no need )
        
           | input_sh wrote:
           | I still can't write a Word document in Markdown, but I can do
           | so using Google Docs.
           | 
           | The difference between us is that I know I'm within 0,1% of
           | people that actually cases about this specific use case.
        
         | the_real_cher wrote:
         | Theres tons of good cloud providers in the EU.
        
           | esskay wrote:
           | Name some. Some that match those kinds of services mentioned
           | that people need from AWS.
        
             | s_dev wrote:
             | https://european-alternatives.eu/
             | 
             | Based on your comment you probably aren't gonna discuss in
             | good faith but move the goalposts each time.
        
               | esskay wrote:
               | What makes you think I'll move the goalpost - the
               | original question was pretty clear; EU cloud providers
               | who offer services like AWS does.
               | 
               | What you've linked to is a broad scope site listing a
               | multitude of EU based products and services, making it
               | look like you cant even list ONE let alone a few .
               | 
               | Don't pull the 'moving the goalpost' nonsense, the
               | original post you replied to made it very clear they were
               | talking about an AWS comparison, and a cursory glance at
               | the 'cloud providers' section of that site shows a bunch
               | of EU hosting providers offering general VPS hosting,
               | which isn't remotely close to being the same kind of
               | thing.
        
               | dijit wrote:
               | "you offer managed databases, but _RDS_ supports _x_ ".
               | 
               | I can see it coming already, no point in extending this
               | thread
        
               | esskay wrote:
               | Ok let me try this, because I can assure you my intent is
               | not to throw some sort of "gotcha" in here. I'm thinking
               | about this purely from my own personal usecase, and right
               | now as far as I'm aware theres no AWS alternative in the
               | EU that can do all this for me. Nothing I am using here
               | relies on some sort of obscure feature of each service at
               | all.
               | 
               | My usecase is:
               | 
               | - MySQL (using Aurora but really dont need to), hands off
               | like it is on RDS so yeah a managed service would be
               | preferred.
               | 
               | - 2x VM instances with internal networking and an EFS
               | drive connecting the two (The efs drive is critical for a
               | ton of applications)
               | 
               | - Load balancer
               | 
               | - S3 + Cloudfront for CDN
               | 
               | And a few more bits I appreciate are very niche to my
               | usecase but would be nice to keep under the same vpc:
               | 
               | - SQS queue workers (can switch to something redis based
               | if needed)
               | 
               | - SES mail service (again can switch to another 3rd party
               | as i doubt many people offer this)
               | 
               | - Lambda for some app specific background processing
               | 
               | Hopefully this kinda explains my position. Yes, I can
               | split a lot of this out into multiple individual
               | providers who specialise in just that one thing. And
               | perhaps that's the way to go. But I dont think you can
               | deny it's a heck of a lot more convenient to have all of
               | it in one place.
        
               | dijit wrote:
               | Scaleway has all of that except EFS which should be
               | solved another way anyway realistically, and the CDN.
               | 
               | Object Storage as a replacement for EFS, or CIFS if its a
               | legacy server app, or if you hate yourself: NFS.
               | 
               | Theres options here, but thats the only real snag.
               | 
               | For the CDN, I'd go with Bunny, its not in the same suite
               | but its actually better than AWS CDN anyway.
        
               | input_sh wrote:
               | Yeah this is just circular reasoning. You don't go from
               | zero to AWS the same way AWS didn't go from zero to what
               | it is today. They started with a few basic features and
               | built up from there. There are plenty of EU alternatives
               | that have those same basic features AWS had a while ago,
               | but until it makes economic sense to replicate all of it,
               | no EU company is going to do so.
               | 
               | Whether you can switch from AWS to an EU alternative
               | depends solely on how deep down the rabbit hole you are.
               | If you're just looking for basics to host your stuff, you
               | can. If you want to never have to touch Linux but to rely
               | solely on proprietary abstractions on top of Linux, you
               | can't.
        
             | the_real_cher wrote:
             | scaleway, ionos, hechner, ovcloud.
             | 
             | They may not have every single thing that AWS has but you
             | can build solid infrastructure on top of those.
        
             | cuu508 wrote:
             | If you use AWS virtual machines https://european-
             | alternatives.eu/category/vps-virtual-privat... (some of
             | these also do managed load balancers, managed databases)
             | 
             | If you use AWS for object storage: https://european-
             | alternatives.eu/category/object-storage-pro...
             | 
             | If you use SES: https://european-
             | alternatives.eu/category/transactional-emai... (but hosting
             | your own is also a viable option)
             | 
             | CDNs: https://european-alternatives.eu/category/cdn-
             | content-delive...
             | 
             | There isn't any single provider that can match each and
             | every AWS service. But for subsets of services there are
             | options.
             | 
             | If there's a specific AWS service that you cannot get
             | anywhere else but do absolutely need, that's vendor lock-
             | in. Would it be fair to blame EU companies for your bad
             | decisions?
        
             | NicoJuicy wrote:
             | Combell is a popular choice on my country ( small -
             | Belgium) because it's actively managed
        
         | 2III7 wrote:
         | How about we start creating well optimized software again that
         | doesn't need ridiculous amounts of compute and money?
        
           | crazygringo wrote:
           | If your customers want features that require compute and
           | money, and your competitor offers them, then you don't really
           | have a choice if you want to stay in business.
        
             | Juliate wrote:
             | That's up to you (and the customers) to understand that the
             | location where the compute/data is happening is as
             | important a criteria to consider. As it is today.
        
               | crazygringo wrote:
               | What if your customers disagree?
               | 
               | Businesses generally shouldn't be trying to fight
               | ideological battles, they should just be trying to meet
               | their customers' needs. As long as they're not doing
               | anything immoral/illegal like engaging in discrimination
               | or dumping toxic waste.
        
               | Juliate wrote:
               | Totally.
               | 
               | Risk = (probability of it happening) x (cost when it
               | happens)
               | 
               | That a man/administration decides to cut off, or take
               | hostage, or tax, online services because they are hosted
               | on their premises, but benefits to/operates for "once
               | good friends but now very unfriendly, bad, incompetent,
               | the worst people", this is definitely not a law of
               | nature.
               | 
               | But, that he/they decide to trigger absurd actions with
               | long-lasting damaging consequences, while not a law of
               | nature, that happened more often than not in the past 12
               | months than in the whole century before. Or, granted,
               | maybe not "absurd", but definitely "not in line with a
               | century of rather predictable behaviour".
               | 
               | So... you'd be rational to consider that the risk has
               | moved from "low" to "med high" or "high" category in a
               | lot of areas you do not control.
               | 
               | If the customer disagrees, fine: their business, not
               | mine. My duty stops at notifying and documenting the
               | risk.
        
         | convolvatron wrote:
         | Ok, so the notion that one can spin up and down resources and
         | be billed by the time unit without having to source components
         | and provide power and cooling and hands on is an unqualified
         | win.
         | 
         | but the resulting 'hyperscaler' systems are built around lockin
         | and loss of sovereignty. rather than bemoan the cost of
         | replicating the US environment, wouldn't it make sense to come
         | with a different spin? maybe one thats not so tightly
         | integrated and siloed? isn't AWS just a mirror the the same US
         | dominance that you're trying to avoid?
         | 
         | for example, despite the amount of snark thrown towards the
         | development of open standards, wouldn't it be really quite
         | useful is there weren't 3-4 hyperscalers with different APIs
         | for the same basic services? couldn't we design an EC2-lite
         | that allowed for real commoditization and competition?
         | 
         | ignoring that, consider the value of rethinking things a little
         | bit so that the important part - easy and incremental access to
         | compute are preserved and all the sleazy business practices
         | aren't.
        
         | armcat wrote:
         | _there is no european cloud operator able to offer what AWS
         | /GCP/Azure offer_
         | 
         | That's true right now, yes. But things are changing rapidly,
         | e.g. there is evroc [1], Mimer [2] and others are popping up
         | too.
         | 
         |  _it took Google about 15 years of pouring money into Google
         | Docs to be almost as good as the MS offering_
         | 
         | I know, and I'm not saying that EU will do any different, but
         | this is not necessarily an absolute gold-standard benchmark,
         | things in principle can be done much faster if you are smaller,
         | nimbler and more focused. The solution to EUs problems is less
         | paperwork and meetings, and more smaller bespoke companies that
         | are laser focused on solving a specific sub-problem. Can they
         | do it? Probably not if they try to create their Google or
         | Microsoft.
         | 
         | [1] https://evroc.com/ [2] https://mimer-ai.eu/
        
           | ExoticPearTree wrote:
           | > I know, and I'm not saying that EU will do any different,
           | but this is not necessarily an absolute gold-standard
           | benchmark
           | 
           | My point was that even with Google's money, they're still not
           | on par with MS even if the Office files format has been
           | standardized for a number of years. And if you extrapolate
           | that to any other technology, you will find out very fast
           | that it is very expensive to come up with a replacement
           | solution that will actually be embraced by potential
           | customers.
        
             | Epa095 wrote:
             | On the other hand, there is not much office work which
             | could not have been done almost as effective in office 97.
             | 
             | I don't think the right explanation of MS monopoly is
             | technical superiority, but rather the natural forces of
             | monopoly. They are extremely hard to break with free market
             | competition, but can definitely be broken with legislation.
             | 
             | I am convinced that 99% of office use can be replaced with
             | competitors if needed, and it would work out OK.
        
               | skywal_l wrote:
               | Yes, we need a posix of productivity tool. You want to
               | work with a EU government, you have to use this and that
               | open standards. This is the way to break that particular
               | monopoly.
        
             | lelanthran wrote:
             | > My point was that even with Google's money, they're still
             | not on par with MS even if the Office files format has been
             | standardized for a number of years.
             | 
             | The counterpoint is that they don't _need_ to be on par :-
             | / The problem is that individual procurement decision-
             | makers are incentivised to go with the Microsoft suite, not
             | that the alternatives aren't a good enough replacement.
        
               | ExoticPearTree wrote:
               | I'd say they are incentivized to go with the suite that
               | offers the most compatibility with their clients and
               | partners.
        
               | lelanthran wrote:
               | > I'd say they are incentivized to go with the suite that
               | offers the most compatibility with their clients and
               | partners.
               | 
               | If that were true, they'd have ditched Microsoft already.
               | Since they didn't, I'm skeptical that that is their
               | incentive.
        
           | bjackman wrote:
           | Getting Google Docs to be a Word alternative was an order of
           | magnitude easier than getting GCP to be an AWS competitor.
           | 
           | Now that AWS has two serious competitors (and some non
           | serious ones), privately funding another one just seems
           | impossible to me. Who is gonna chip in tens of billions of
           | dollars to fund "that, but European, and 15 years from now"?
           | 
           | I think the only ways we can get serious Euroclouds is some
           | combination of:
           | 
           | 1. EU intervention (nasty regulations and expensive
           | subsidies).
           | 
           | 2. People using non-equivalent products (Europeans have to
           | use lower-level infra and do a lot more ops in-house). This
           | part would have its upsides anyway TBH.
        
             | pyrale wrote:
             | > I think the only ways we can get serious Euroclouds is
             | some combination of
             | 
             | Just mandate EU countries' public administration to rely
             | exclusively on EU cloud solutions. That doesn't need to be
             | done at once.
             | 
             | This would create enough of a captive market to start the
             | homegrown industry.
             | 
             | > Europeans have to use lower-level infra and do a lot more
             | ops in-house
             | 
             | To be honest, every large enough company would benefit from
             | doing a little bit of that.
        
               | ExoticPearTree wrote:
               | > Just mandate EU countries' public administration to
               | rely exclusively on EU cloud solutions.
               | 
               | This happens already in some areas and it is not cheaper
               | or better. The EU funds national clouds where public
               | institutions use them. What does it mean? VMware with
               | Tanzu or OpenStack. And then some services thrown in to
               | offer some S3 like buckets and that's it. The rest has to
               | be built by the beneficiaries. Servers? Brand names like
               | Lenovo/HP/Dell. Storage? Brand names like NetApp, HP,
               | Dell, Lenovo, 3Par, IBM and the list goes on. Networking?
               | Cisco (mostly), HP/Juniper. Firewalls?
               | Cisco/Fortinet/PaloAlto/CheckPoint/etc.
               | 
               | Basically an enterprise setup masquerading as a cloud
               | offering.
               | 
               | And even if there would be EU wide offerings for such
               | cloud, there's too much money at stake to let
               | institutions from one country buy services from another.
        
             | patall wrote:
             | > Who is gonna chip in tens of billions of dollars to fund
             | "that, but European, and 15 years from now"?
             | 
             | Dieter Schwarz might. At least he has the money and is
             | trying 'something' with stackit. But he probably won't see
             | the result in 15 years.
        
         | matt-p wrote:
         | I think it depends, honestly. As a startup you could be using
         | civo or katapult as clouds and be getting almost everything you
         | need. I think the main issue is actually network effect; easy
         | to hire people who know AWS, easy to explain AWS architecture
         | to a auditor who's seen it 100x before and it's easy to explain
         | to customers that you use AWS like them, so easy to do VPC
         | peering, or BYOC with them if needed..
         | 
         | If you just want dedicated servers/VPS the choice is much wider
         | still and plenty of providers on comparison sites and so on.
        
         | pjmlp wrote:
         | Not everyone needs Web scale.
         | 
         | As proven by Huawei, ingenuity can go a great way when
         | friendships go sour.
        
           | dumbfounder wrote:
           | So is your solution that Europe only creates small companies?
        
             | pjmlp wrote:
             | My solution is that sustainable companies are more
             | worthwhile to society, than late scale capitalism companies
             | that always lay off employees when the exponential growth
             | targets set by their C suites aren't met.
        
               | ExoticPearTree wrote:
               | The only reason companies exist is to make money for the
               | founders and/or shareholders. Everything else is a pipe
               | dream.
        
               | anhner wrote:
               | and yet, there are obviously some companies that are
               | better than others.
        
               | pjmlp wrote:
               | Only in capitalist minds.
               | 
               | Companies are nothing without their employees.
               | 
               | Naturally shareholders would rather have robots.
        
             | fsflover wrote:
             | Some people do think so:
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43156785
        
             | Sargos wrote:
             | You have to create small companies in order to build big
             | ones
        
             | swiftcoder wrote:
             | If this is in reference to the parent's mention of Hauwei
             | (200,000 employees, ~$120 billion annual revenue), then I'm
             | not sure we all share your idea of a small company
        
               | ExoticPearTree wrote:
               | Small company can mean different things to different
               | people. Considering that some larger Chinese companies
               | have north of 2 million employees, 200k is quite a small
               | number actually. Go figure.
        
               | 7thpower wrote:
               | Except nobody considers 200k employees a small company.
        
         | generic92034 wrote:
         | > There's a chance that the current situation will start to
         | resolve itself in 3 years and we go back to normal, however
         | that might look.
         | 
         | There is almost no chance for that, as lost trust does not
         | return instantly.
        
           | ExoticPearTree wrote:
           | In politics things work differently: you have people that
           | "spat on each other" today and tomorrow they'll act like they
           | are brothers and the spitting never happened.
        
             | generic92034 wrote:
             | It is a bit more than "spitting on each other" which now is
             | between the USA and its former allies. I seriously doubt
             | that we will just go back to normal the moment there is a
             | US president from the Democratic party. Possibly in some
             | areas of politics and economy, in others (real) trust is
             | more essential.
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | I believe at the moment it's still in the "spitting on
               | each other" phase. Had Trump actually invaded Greenland*
               | (and likewise if he does so in the future), that's where
               | the Rubicon gets crossed and there's no going back.
               | 
               | I kinda do want it to have passed that point, but not as
               | much as I'm glad he TACOed.
               | 
               | * There's other metaphorical Rubicons available, this is
               | just the one most in my mind given I live in the EU
        
               | Throaway3126 wrote:
               | Trump and his team repeatedly saying they have no
               | problems using force against Greenland and Canada were
               | the red lines and they have already been crossed.
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | I want those actions to have been the red line, and wish
               | my representatives to treat it so if they are not yet. It
               | is important to keep separate what I want to be and what
               | is.
        
               | Throaway3126 wrote:
               | They are the red lines. There is no going back. The USA
               | is too dangerous to rely on, that's quite clear.
               | 
               | People don't quite realize how big a deal "invading"
               | Greenland would have been. That's literally an act of
               | war! What's next, occupying France? Saying that it's at
               | all a possibility is far beyond any red line that the EU
               | thought it would have to deal with.
               | 
               | Not only would the rest of the world ditch the USA, but
               | the Democrats themselves would take the opportunity to
               | publically announce that they do not recognize Donald
               | Trump's government.
        
               | ExoticPearTree wrote:
               | I'll bite.
               | 
               | Nothing would have come of it. Ehe EU would have been
               | upset for 3-6 months, then it would have got onboard with
               | the idea that Greenland is now a US territory and that's
               | that.
               | 
               | France has a too good of a cuisine to be invaded. I think
               | Germany would be next, they are running their mouth more
               | than they should and they suck at food.
               | 
               | Unless the mid-terms change the political majority in the
               | US, the Democrats can wine all they want and recognize or
               | not recognize whoever they want as president. It will not
               | change the actual situation.
        
               | Throaway3126 wrote:
               | Sorry but you're just wrong. This isn't a situation to be
               | upset about. Its war. There's no universe where the USA
               | invasion of Greenland doesn't end in disaster for Trump.
               | 
               | There's already been articles in Politico where USA
               | lawmakers admit that there would have been a War Measures
               | Act passed if Trump invaded Greenland. Unlike Venezuela.
               | 
               | It would definitely change the political situation if the
               | state governments of California, New York et al stopped
               | recognizing the federal government.
        
               | pixelpoet wrote:
               | This is some top notch r/ShitAmericansSay material,
               | especially Germany "running their mouth" and having bad
               | food. Add in democrats "wining" and I'm pretty sure this
               | post belongs on a Confederate cooking blog rather than
               | HN.
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | Mm.
               | 
               | One of the criticisms I hear of Merz is that he's not
               | tough enough on Trump; therefore the choice to target
               | Germany at this time, matches a pattern of the target
               | being painted on whoever wants to play nice.
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | All of that is why I want Europe to take it seriously,
               | even though I think they might be cooling off now that
               | Trump has backed off.
               | 
               | We (both of my "we"s given I'm a British citizen but live
               | in the EU) sent in tripwire forces to defend Greenland.
               | Their purpose is that getting shot is a casus belli for
               | us to go to war with the USA.
               | 
               | Also remember: NATO has two other nuclear powers besides
               | the USA, and the biggest flaw with one of those nuclear
               | arsenals is how when the UK test-fired the missiles it
               | bought from the USA, they went the wrong way or didn't
               | launch properly at all.
               | 
               | I don't know what the order of events would have been
               | given how heavily tied together EU and US (and UK)
               | economies are, but essentially the EU banning the
               | purchase of new US treasuries by itself would cause
               | something in the order of US inflation going to 10% for
               | several years; this, plus any economic departure (I'm
               | thinking emigration more than internment camps like
               | Japanese-Americans in WW2, much worse if that) from all
               | the European migrants on visas (and some or all of the
               | naturalised ones, but that number will be less... unless
               | Trump also strips that like he's been suggesting), the US
               | could loose 2-5 million people's worth of useful economic
               | labour from the workforce. (Even if they're put in work
               | camps, they're not getting good work out of them).
               | 
               | In the other direction, if the US cuts off cloud
               | computing _today_ , the EU is almost immediately screwed.
               | Hence article.
               | 
               | But if the EU's screwed, then we don't have the money to
               | buy the US treasuries, so screwing us also screws the US.
               | That 10% inflation I mentioned, that's _just_ from not
               | buying T-bills; screwing the EU like this would also mean
               | no more trade with the EU, which basically doubles the US
               | unemployment rate on top of that, budget deficit goes to
               | $3T /year, and costs the US 5% GDP relative to the
               | baseline (i.e. what it would have been without invading)
               | forever. Without a shot fired. But France has enough
               | nukes that even if the USA's anti-missile defences can
               | stop 80% of them, it could by itself destroy every US
               | state capital and still have several left over.
               | 
               | And if you're worried about Russia taking over Greenland,
               | oh boy you should worry about what they do to a
               | catastrophically weakened Europe that isn't just a hard-
               | to-mine sheet of ice supporting a population that
               | wouldn't even half-fill these seats: https://en.wikipedia
               | .org/wiki/File:Narendra_Modi_Stadium_vie...
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | > People don't quite realize how big a deal "invading"
               | Greenland would have been. That's literally an act of
               | war! What's next, occupying France? Saying that it's at
               | all a possibility is far beyond any red line that the EU
               | thought it would have to deal with.
               | 
               | Yes, absolutely, I agree.
               | 
               | Thing is, in the end he backed off, so the result was all
               | talk. He TACOed.
               | 
               | For everyone's sake (including Americans'), I absolutely
               | 100% want the EU to disentangle as much as possible and
               | as fast as possible from the US so that we don't even
               | feel the need to be polite to Trump in the future: he
               | obviously sees the world as only predators to be scared
               | of and prey to consume, so it's better for us (everyone,
               | not just the EU) to become big and scary really fast so
               | he doesn't even try anything.
               | 
               | If he were to invade (anywhere, not just Greenland), that
               | place and their allies basically have two options: fight
               | or die.
               | 
               | > Not only would the rest of the world ditch the USA, but
               | the Democrats themselves would take the opportunity to
               | publically announce that they do not recognize Donald
               | Trump's government.
               | 
               | I wish, but humans aren't like that.
               | 
               | The Democrat leadership keep pulling defeat from the jaws
               | of victory, and people are the same everywhere so an
               | external threat is more likely to pull everyone together
               | than to split them apart (same for everyone else is why
               | the EU and Canada are warming, or at least thawing, their
               | relationships with the rest of the world).
               | 
               | What might have happened _before_ an invasion was enough
               | Republicans finally kicking him out (with Democrat
               | support), or a US military coup (I 'd say 50% if it got
               | that far, but with high uncertainty).
               | 
               | A military coup would also be a crossed Rubicon.
               | 
               | But the military don't like traitors, and betraying an
               | ally by invading it is an act of treachery.
        
               | palata wrote:
               | > Thing is, in the end he backed off, so the result was
               | all talk. He TACOed.
               | 
               | But for a few days (and probably still now), many people
               | considered it was a real possibility.
               | 
               | I don't think it matters whether the US meant it or not.
               | What matters is whether the Europeans believed it or not.
               | Trust is about belief.
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | I agree.
               | 
               | I think I'm being misunderstood here.
               | 
               | All the stuff you said, that's why I want to make sure we
               | (Europeans) *don't* go "phew!"
               | 
               | I think some of us might be doing that, which I think is
               | bad for us.
        
               | throaway54 wrote:
               | No, the Democrats would do it precisely because of
               | cynical human interest (they are like that). Donald Trump
               | Republicans invading a Western nation plays right into
               | their hands. They may as well just hand Gavin Newsom the
               | next election. The overwhelming majority of US citizens
               | do not approve of USA invading Greenland.
        
             | SideburnsOfDoom wrote:
             | > and tomorrow they'll act like they are brothers
             | 
             | That's mostly how it was during the last US presidential
             | term. The president even said that "America is back" (1)
             | 
             | The fact is, it didn't last. America going away was not a
             | one-off. It happened a second time, worse. The lesson that
             | the USA just is a country that does this from time to time.
             | People in the rest of the world who learn that lesson will
             | prepare for the next time.
             | 
             | As another US president accurately said: "Fool me once,
             | shame on you, fool me twice ... you can't get fooled
             | again."
             | 
             | 1) https://www.war.gov/News/News-
             | Stories/Article/Article/250909...
        
             | Throaway3126 wrote:
             | This isn't politicking though. This is national security.
             | In matters of national security, you take no chances.
             | There's no going back to the relationship the world had
             | with the USA.
        
             | tzs wrote:
             | What's different this time is that the US has an extensive
             | system of checks and balances that nearly everyone thought
             | would make the current situation impossible, and now we are
             | learning that they aren't nearly as effective as we
             | thought.
             | 
             | No matter how reasonable the next few administrations are
             | it is hard to see anyone else trusting the US nearly as
             | much as they did before 2024.
        
               | christophilus wrote:
               | This has been creeping up on us for some time. For my
               | entire life, the US executive branch has done nothing but
               | accumulate powers and slowly undermine constitutional
               | checks and balances. It's all fun and games while your
               | guy does it, but it's inevitable that you'll get someone
               | in power who you don't want. That's the entire point of
               | the checks and balances, but few seemed to care until
               | now. Even if we get a "normal" president after this, I'd
               | bet a lot of money that he/she won't do anything to
               | reduce the power of the executive.
        
         | javier2 wrote:
         | It is not that bleak, but yeah. Current solutions leave a lot
         | be desired especially int terms of scalability and redundancy
         | design.
        
         | BadBadJellyBean wrote:
         | I dislike the idea that if a cloud provider can not provide
         | every service it's not even worth considering. Where is the
         | problem solving. Maybe don't lock yourself into a single vendor
         | and shop around for solutions. Apart from that the cloud
         | offerings of companies like OVH and Scaleway are constantly
         | expanding.
        
         | Juliate wrote:
         | > I like it how everyone says that, but there is no european
         | cloud operator able to offer what AWS/GCP/Azure offer.
         | 
         | But there is also no requirement for... most of their specific
         | offering to start an online business.
         | 
         | Some people seem to miss this in the picture: you _can_ build
         | without them, outside of them, and fund equivalent technology
         | development while staying outside of them.
         | 
         | It's a matter of strategy and of choice.
        
           | ExoticPearTree wrote:
           | It's also a matter of "how easy is to find people that are
           | good with X, Y, Z" where X, Y, Z are some niche technologies
           | or offerings compared to the more wildly used ones.
           | 
           | You can start a business in your laundry room if you know how
           | to set up servers and get internet and stuff. But that's
           | gonna be you and maybe a few "hobbyists" that might want to
           | join on that endeavor, but the rest of developers or admins
           | will want to stay far away from that.
           | 
           | Optimizing your business for how is easy is to find talent is
           | also a matter of strategy.
        
             | Juliate wrote:
             | I definitely hire talent that can grow the business, and
             | grow with it.
             | 
             | And that means knowing your 0's and 1's better than knowing
             | how to operate the latest trendy calculator: it's easier to
             | understand the calculator, when you know what it's made of;
             | harder to work your way backwards, although doable.
             | 
             | Yes, finding people that master PostgreSQL clustering (and
             | SLA/RTO tradeoffs) is harder than finding AWS-certified
             | folks, but that deeper knowledge definitely pays off: you
             | understand the tradeoffs why, before you migrate, not
             | after. When you know the fundamentals, you learn their
             | implementation way faster.
             | 
             | The "wildly used", locked-in services are more often than
             | not, built with/over the "niche", no-strings-attached ones.
        
         | znnajdla wrote:
         | My theory is that 80% of workloads on AWS/GCP/Azure are pure
         | waste. They sell complexity-as-a-service. 80% of startups and
         | enterprises could run on a single beefy baremetal server (or
         | two). AWS/GCP/Azure are the result of hype bubbles and VC-
         | funded waste culture, it's not necessary for Europe to recreate
         | that to compete.
        
           | naiv wrote:
           | The truth no one wants to hear
        
           | Juliate wrote:
           | And most (not all) of these workloads are custom software
           | that try to fully reproduce/plumb functionalities that
           | already mostly exist in Unix tools, with worse performance,
           | instead of using/plugging into them.
        
           | Trasmatta wrote:
           | Thank you. The AWS spaghetti is a trap of unnecessary
           | complexity for most cases. You'd be shocked how far you can
           | scale with a few good baremetal servers running something
           | like Rails and Postgres.
        
           | mkl95 wrote:
           | This is an uncomfortable truth on this site, because many of
           | us work for a FAANG company or FAANG partner. If the cloud
           | hadn't grown that much in the last decade or so, the software
           | industry would be relatively unpretentious.
        
           | thunfischtoast wrote:
           | I once had a working program, running on a 4 GB RAM virtual
           | server with MongoDB. Everything was fast and testing and
           | deploying a new version took me some minutes usually.
           | Existing users were happy as far as I could tell.
           | 
           | But then some corporate IT guy mandated everything had to be
           | using managed AWS services in some three tier dev-test-
           | production setup, despite having no prior experience with
           | that on either side. Cost went up at least 25-fold, the
           | development sucked, new deployments took 30? minutes minimum
           | (because now everything has to run through some build-system
           | I did not control and I had to manually copy keys around
           | every time). I left the company, but I think the product
           | exists to this day with less than 1000 customers. Nothing my
           | 4 GB VS could handle...
        
             | pimlottc wrote:
             | AWS is often unnecessary but I do hope you had some kind of
             | pre-prod environment in your original setup
        
             | phtrivier wrote:
             | > Cost went up at least 25-fold,
             | 
             | I would love to write an email that start with "I can
             | reduce cost 25 times by doing thing X" (the tricky part is
             | hiding the fact that "X" is what you were doing before.)
        
           | KellyCriterion wrote:
           | Standard Hardware became so powerful over the last 10-15
           | years, even hightraffic sites from 2010 can be served today
           | with one/two beefy machines.
        
         | 202508042147 wrote:
         | MS advantage over Google docs was exactly what US cloud
         | providers have over everyone else: lock-in.
        
           | ExoticPearTree wrote:
           | I mentioned MS because OOXML is now an open standard, albeit
           | a 6000 pages one, but still open. And a similar sized
           | competitor - Google, is still trying to deliver the same
           | functionality.
           | 
           | The point I'm trying to make is that going from zero to hero,
           | even with basically "infinite" money like Google has is very
           | very very hard.
        
             | coffeefirst wrote:
             | I'm not sure it's necessary. Office is bloated with
             | features that very few people use on rare occasion. A much
             | simpler word processor would do, and the next Google Docs
             | doesn't need to invent a lot of this stuff from scratch.
             | 
             | The tricky part is how many organizations have an enormous
             | amount of business logic programmed into excel sheets.
        
               | dudeinhawaii wrote:
               | I think you're underestimating the features used within
               | Office. Offices isn't bloated because they wanted to add
               | fluff. It's bloated because of the large number of
               | customers that have differing but overlapping needs.
               | 
               | The Engineers: Word processor with basic features is fine
               | 
               | Management and Execs: Comments, Review, Multi-user
               | editing, History, Tables, change tracking.
               | 
               | Marketing: Image placement and alignment, layers,
               | embedding, templates, shapes
               | 
               | Research/Doc Writers: Table of contents, page numbering,
               | cross-referencing, formula insertion, citations, figure
               | tables, export to pdf
               | 
               | All customers (at some point): Layout, margins, padding,
               | spellcheck
               | 
               | As engineers we tend to think "just deliver a simple word
               | processor". For who?
        
         | varispeed wrote:
         | online.net is quite close.
        
           | swordbeta wrote:
           | Why not just say Scaleway?
        
             | varispeed wrote:
             | Thanks. I meant to say, but it's always been online.net for
             | me. Can't get used to Scaleway.
        
         | Nextgrid wrote:
         | > no european cloud operator able to offer what AWS/GCP/Azure
         | offer
         | 
         | I guess we must be living on different planets. I have recently
         | deployed a Django application for a client of mine on Scaleway
         | (due to an existing partnership we preferred using them over
         | other infrastructure). Scaleway _right now_ (you can signup and
         | check it out) offers:
         | 
         | * container registry - build an push your containers there
         | 
         | * ECS/Fargate equivalent - tell it to run N instances of your
         | aforementioned container
         | 
         | * Managed Postgres & Redis with failover/replication
         | 
         | * VPC - put your managed DBs and containers there so they can
         | talk over a private network
         | 
         | * S3-compatible object storage
         | 
         | What more do you need exactly? That's essentially all I would
         | use from the incumbent cloud providers anyway.
        
           | ExoticPearTree wrote:
           | > What more do you need exactly? That's essentially all I
           | would use from the incumbent cloud providers anyway.
           | 
           | Pub/Sub, Dataflow, CDN, GLB to name a few. I could go on with
           | the list of services currently used by the people that pay to
           | push buttons.
           | 
           | Not to sound offensive, but others have more than a Django
           | app that they need to run.
        
             | Nextgrid wrote:
             | > I could go on with the list of services currently used by
             | the people that pay to push buttons
             | 
             | I too can build an engineering playground where every
             | ingress byte traverses as many AWS services as I can find.
             | But if you're building a business application, how many of
             | these do you _actually_ need?
             | 
             | Once you have the basic primitives you can fill in the gaps
             | yourself if needed. But in the list you provided, Pub/Sub,
             | CDN and GLB is already covered actually.
             | 
             | I'm sure in due time other services will be covered if
             | there's enough demand, but to claim there is no EU
             | alternative while the basics (app server + DB + S3, aka the
             | most difficult to scale/operate yourself) are covered is a
             | bit misleading I think.
        
               | ExoticPearTree wrote:
               | > I too can build an engineering playground where every
               | ingress byte traverses as many AWS services as I can
               | find. But if you're building a business application, how
               | many of these do you actually need?
               | 
               | I gave a real list, and all of them have real reasons for
               | being used. I don't know from where you got the idea that
               | apps are built just by chaining cloud services aimlessly.
               | 
               | A company has more than one application or need.
        
               | Nextgrid wrote:
               | My point is that you can go very far and solve real-world
               | problems with the basic primitives alone.
               | 
               | While I'm sure there are legitimate uses for the services
               | you mentioned, I've also witnessed plenty of engineering
               | playgrounds where complexity was a feature and services
               | were used for the sake of it rather than due to a
               | specific need.
        
             | jacquesm wrote:
             | Having to roll each of those by your lonesome is _still_
             | preferable over having some asshole cut you off from the
             | services that you pay for on a whim. And that sort of thing
             | is definitely on the table. Trump came within a hair of
             | starting a shooting war with Europe, that sort of thing
             | tends to cause people to re-evaluate their relationships.
        
             | _fizz_buzz_ wrote:
             | I bet 90% of AWS customers could be served by something
             | like 10% of their services.
        
         | iso1631 wrote:
         | Yes, some of us have been sighing as companies lock themselves
         | into aws etc.
         | 
         | We now have a generation of people who have no idea how to use
         | computers, just how to operate aws.
        
         | 202508042147 wrote:
         | > And if you are a start-up and you want to grow, the situation
         | is even more dire.
         | 
         | I worked for/with several European startups. They really didn't
         | need nor aim for planet scale operations.
         | 
         | There are also quite a lot of articles about how startups (in
         | any country) focus needlesly on large scalability when they
         | only really have a few customers. It's exactly the same false
         | issue here.
        
           | thunfischtoast wrote:
           | > There are also quite a lot of articles about how startups
           | (in any country) focus needlesly on large scalability when
           | they only really have a few customers. It's exactly the same
           | false issue here.
           | 
           | Large companies do that as well
        
           | ExoticPearTree wrote:
           | > They really didn't need nor aim for planet scale
           | operations.
           | 
           | It depends on the market they're operating in. Planet scale
           | operations can mean have the site load as fast as possible in
           | every country on the planet, because this is how we make
           | money.
           | 
           | Working within a smaller geography I guess you can "host"
           | your services anywhere in Europe and be pretty snappy.
           | 
           | I could mention the fact that EU based startups don't dream
           | big and this is costing them a lot of revenue from markets
           | they don't wish to operate in because they think Europe is
           | big enough. But we're gonna start a discussion not meant for
           | this thread.
        
         | ody4242 wrote:
         | You don't need hundreds of services. Give me virtual machines,
         | reliable block storage, file storage and object storage,
         | networking, dns, managed kubernetes, and it will cover the
         | majority of workloads in Europe that run on Openshift or
         | Openstack today.
        
           | thatwasunusual wrote:
           | > Give me virtual machines, reliable block storage, file
           | storage and object storage, networking, dns, managed
           | kubernetes, [...]
           | 
           | But managers wants to _buy_ these services, not be directly
           | responsible for them. That's where the problem lies, as I see
           | it.
        
             | Sayrus wrote:
             | Marketplace offers can go a long way to fill these void in
             | official managed services.
        
             | ExoticPearTree wrote:
             | They don't want to necessarily buy it, but they want to
             | hedge their options from "my $guy can do everything" to "on
             | which cloud platform can I find a competent operator
             | tomorrow".
        
             | ben_w wrote:
             | If those managers currently sold on The Cloud, can instead
             | be sold on how much money they'd save not being on The
             | Cloud, then corporate can do what it does best and change
             | policy hard enough to give the staff whiplash.
             | 
             | I don't know what managers have been reading/hearing, but
             | for the last decade or so as a developer what I've mostly
             | been hearing is that the only people who actually benefit
             | from Big Data architectures are FAANG, that it's much
             | cheaper to run on a single small self-hosted system that's
             | done right, that the complexity of managing the cloud is
             | even higher than a local solution.
             | 
             | This matches my own experience of what people needed to
             | serve millions of users 20 years ago. If you can't handle a
             | chat system or a simple sales system with 100k-1M customers
             | on a server made out of one single modern mobile phone,
             | you're either just not trying hard enough or have too many
             | layers of abstraction between business logic and bare
             | metal. Even for something a bit more challenging than that,
             | you should still be thinking thousands of users on a phone
             | and 10k-100k on a single device that's actually meant to
             | work as a server.
        
               | Zigurd wrote:
               | > _If those managers currently sold on The Cloud, can
               | instead be sold on how much money they 'd save not being
               | on The Cloud..._
               | 
               | This is more than a theory, it's a trend that is already
               | underway. The cloud remains supremely capital efficient
               | for startups, but pricing has crept up and some customers
               | are falling off the other side of the table.
        
             | lelanthran wrote:
             | > But managers wants to _buy_ these services, not be
             | directly responsible for them. That's where the problem
             | lies, as I see it.
             | 
             | Why won't they be able to buy them from EU providers?
        
           | ExoticPearTree wrote:
           | > Give me
           | 
           | Companies have this risk adversity when it comes to trusting
           | all their infrastructure to a person that knows it all and
           | can do it on three physical servers.
           | 
           | I am old enough to have set up services on bare metal servers
           | with what was virtualization or containerization back then
           | (vserver), but today no one wants to know how to tweak
           | Postfix because some emails are not coming through or
           | whatnot.
        
             | pyrale wrote:
             | > Companies have this risk adversity when it comes to
             | trusting all their infrastructure to a person that knows it
             | all and can do it on three physical servers.
             | 
             | A person that knows it all and can do it all on AWS, on the
             | other hand...
        
           | convolvatron wrote:
           | Note that once you have virtual machines, those other things
           | can be provided using that same virtual machine interface.
           | Layering and standards are really useful. Spin up your own
           | storage cluster? if you want...pay a managed service from a
           | third party on the same cloud? whatever makes sense to you. I
           | find it appalling that because money was so cheap, people got
           | used to just throwing it at the hyperscalers 'rich
           | offerings', and now we have multiple generations of people
           | that think RDS is some magic box that would take billions in
           | investment to replicate.
        
             | kasey_junk wrote:
             | We didn't do it because money was cheap we did it because
             | there are tons of benefits to not having to inventory your
             | own compute. Everything from elastic scaling to financial
             | engineering was improved via the hyper scalar options and
             | it's ridiculous to act like those options aren't valuable
             | post hoc because Europe doesn't have a native one.
             | 
             | I think the Heztners and their ilk are coming along nicely
             | and probably can support a lot of Europes cloud computing
             | needs, but they aren't in the same league as the hyper
             | scalars when it comes to capabilities currently. It would
             | be great if they got there for everyone though.
        
             | messh wrote:
             | This matches my experience. I run a pay-per-use VM service
             | (shellbox.dev) entirely on Hetzner auction servers with
             | Firecracker microVMs. Sub-second boot, full Linux
             | environment, SSH-only interface. The entire "cloud" layer
             | is Firecracker + Btrfs reflinks for instant copy-on-write
             | cloning. No managed Kubernetes, no proprietary
             | orchestrators.
             | 
             | The total cost of that stack is remarkably low -- cheap
             | enough to offer VMs at $0.02/hr running and $0.50/mo
             | stopped, which undercuts most hyperscalers for bursty
             | workloads. The "billions in investment" framing is exactly
             | the problem. Most of what hyperscalers sell is convenience
             | wrappers around commodity compute, and the lock-in is the
             | product.
             | 
             | Wrote up the economics here if anyone's curious:
             | https://shellbox.dev/blog/race-to-the-bottom.html
        
           | zinodaur wrote:
           | And a replicated postgres with backups
        
           | tetha wrote:
           | When we designed the (by now largely self-hosted) stack for
           | our production enviroment, we had that discussion. And
           | honestly, on the persistence side, most people agreed that
           | PostgreSQL, S3 and a file system for some special services is
           | plenty. Maybe add some async queueing as well. Add some
           | container scheduling, the usual TLS/Edge loadbalancing, some
           | monitoring and you have a fairly narrow stack that can run a
           | lot of applications with different purposes and customers..
           | 
           | We (10 people) run this + CI on just a VM + storage provider,
           | mostly VSphere from our sister team of 6 (and yes it hurts,
           | and we have no time to move it), Hetzner and some legacy
           | things on AWS.
           | 
           | Though that's currently the problem -- there is a somewhat
           | steep minimal invest of time into this. But that's good,
           | because this means there could be value for European cloud
           | providers to build up this narrow stack managed and get paid
           | for it. We will see.
        
         | vanschelven wrote:
         | Europe managed the first ~60 years of computing without the
         | cloud just fine, and (as per greybeard HN-style comment) one
         | can in fact wonder how much of the past 15 years of innovation
         | has actually brought us for "your average org".
         | 
         | Also: there may be _a_ chance that the situation will improve,
         | but as the Dutch say "Trust Arrives on Foot, but Leaves on
         | Horseback" and your even given your "even if" the trust thrown
         | away in the past year will take literal decades to repair.
        
         | lnxg33k1 wrote:
         | At my company we use scaleway, and while it doesn't have yet
         | all the products offered by AWS etc. it still has almost
         | everything we need, and can be managed by terraform. I think it
         | has already a nice offering, and is much closer to AWS etc.
         | than 15 years
         | 
         | I mean, once you have managed SQL, managed k8s, serverless,
         | object storage, private networks, kafka, sqs, sns, glacier, and
         | IaC support, you can already be happy as a startup
        
         | lelanthran wrote:
         | > And Office suite wise, it took Google about 15 years of
         | pouring money into Google Docs to be almost as good as the MS
         | offering.
         | 
         | WTF would it need to match? It only needs to be as good as
         | Office 97, but online.
        
         | mhitza wrote:
         | Offers such as Scaleway should be sufficient "feature-wise" for
         | startups. Even if they don't have feature parity with AWS (I
         | mean AWS is huge) it has, kubernets and serverless deployment
         | options (functions, containers), S3 compatible object storage,
         | managed databases, queues, llm hosted models, terraform
         | provider.
         | 
         | Those should most of what startups need for deployment; at
         | least what I've seen working with many over the last few years.
         | 
         | For those with pragmatic Linux Ops experience on the team,
         | nothing will beat self-hosted on Hetzner dedicated servers, at
         | a great price.
         | 
         | P.S. can't vouch for all Scaleway services, used it for a
         | couple of VMs and hosted LLMs only. Happy to hear the
         | experience of other users, no matter how few of those are here.
         | 
         | Free credits for startups are a different aspect of incentive,
         | which is not negligible.
        
           | vishnukvmd wrote:
           | We've been using Scaleway's compute, RDS and S3 offerings for
           | Ente[1]'s cloud offering for over 5 years now.
           | 
           | RDS backups and retrivals from cold storage[2] are both a lot
           | slower than AWS. The "high-availablity" instances for RDS are
           | in the same DC, so the feature is cosmetic. Ignoring these,
           | our experience has been pretty good. Quality of support is
           | great.
           | 
           | --
           | 
           | While linking to [2] I realised that Scaleway's own website
           | is behind Cloudflare, which is disappointing given they have
           | their own DDoS protection[3].
           | 
           | [1]: https://github.com/ente-io/ente
           | 
           | [2]: https://www.scaleway.com/en/glacier-cold-storage/
           | 
           | [3]: https://www.scaleway.com/en/dedibox/ddos-protection/
        
           | nw05678 wrote:
           | The real issue with Scaleway seems to be the lack of
           | governance. I am more familiar with Azure and features like
           | Entra and polices seems to be missing.
        
         | koe123 wrote:
         | I wonder if we can tariff digital services. EU is behind
         | partially because US eats all investment. Protectionism is an
         | option.
        
           | 202508042147 wrote:
           | I wouldn't go this way, at least not now. But the European
           | Commission should mandate the usage of EU based software for
           | every public institution in the EU, at all levels. That means
           | from the European Parliament all the way down to
           | municipalities. So no more Windows, Office, Azure, AWS etc.
           | in public institutions all across the EU.
        
             | bornfreddy wrote:
             | And in education, please. Very important in the long term.
        
         | throw_a_grenade wrote:
         | > [...] but there is no european cloud operator able to offer
         | what AWS/GCP/Azure offer.
         | 
         | This is FUD, 1990s Micro$oft style. I guess nothing particular
         | changed on this front.
        
         | zinodaur wrote:
         | > There's a chance that the current situation will start to
         | resolve itself in 3 years and we go back to normal, however
         | that might look.
         | 
         | I don't think it can - dependence on US digital infrastructure
         | grew at a time where American stability was taken as ground
         | truth.
         | 
         | How can an EU leader sit across the negotiating table from a
         | country that can delete (if not read/alter) all of their data,
         | and a willingness to exercise that access?
         | 
         | Even if Trumpism goes away, to know for a certainty that
         | Americans won't do it again one election cycle seems like it
         | will take a long time to establish.
        
         | nottimbo wrote:
         | > And Office suite wise, it took Google about 15 years of
         | pouring money into Google Docs to be almost as good as the MS
         | offering.
         | 
         | AJAX did so much heavy lifting here.
        
         | constantcrying wrote:
         | People do not realize how dire the current economic situation
         | is. Many of the large traditional businesses are on the verge
         | of becoming unprofitable.
         | 
         | The monumental task of ripping out the IT systems they have
         | built up over the last few decades, to move away from the US
         | will actively threaten the existence of some of these
         | companies.
         | 
         | People are living in a fantasy land where e.g. Germany has an
         | enormous automotive industry which can be arbitrarily regulated
         | and still be profitable enough to keep the German economy
         | afloat. This is non longer the case and many EU companies are
         | currently struggling for their existence.
        
         | cteiosanu wrote:
         | It didn't make sense to have a Tier 1 cloud providers. EU using
         | US tech and services was the social contract for the ally level
         | cooperation. The moment this relationship goes towards the
         | adversary level Tier 1 cloud and the rest of dependencies (and
         | defense/ will be developed in house, no matter if the future
         | administration is a Dems one. The point to take away is the
         | change of direction in the EU as slow and as costly as that
         | might be. Now it's a security issue.
        
         | amunozo wrote:
         | I am no expert but making an office suite seems like a joke
         | compared to getting the hardware to replicate the cloud
         | providers, which should be imo the first priority.
        
         | dethos wrote:
         | > I like it how everyone says that, but there is no european
         | cloud operator able to offer what AWS/GCP/Azure offer.
         | 
         | You don't need all of that. You can go a long way with the
         | basics, and those are well covered.
        
         | mihaaly wrote:
         | > it took Google about 15 years of pouring money into Google
         | Docs to be almost as good as the MS offering
         | 
         | Jesus Crist and all the saints!
         | 
         | How bad it was before getting in par with MS then?!
         | 
         | If it is now as bad as MS?
        
       | albert_e wrote:
       | AWS seems to have seen the writing on the wall and has already
       | launched a European Soverign Cloud -- a separate partition like
       | they have for GovCloud and China.
       | 
       | I am guessing other hyperscalers must be doing the same?
       | 
       | Are we seeing a strong aversion among EU companies to use these
       | offerings from US firms (AWS, Google, Microsoft) and viable
       | competition emerging from Europe?
       | 
       | The selling point of many offerings from current market leaders
       | is that they have the widest array of services especially easy to
       | expand into say datalake, BI or AI/ML experiments and production
       | workloads starting from a core IaaS only setup one might have
       | after migrating off own datacenter. I wonder if there are lesser
       | known players positioning themselves in this space -- with
       | managed services in platform/application space. Curious to know
       | some examples.
        
         | UltraSane wrote:
         | Can any AWS data center really be immune from US national
         | security letters?
        
           | polski-g wrote:
           | Nope. They'd have to spin up the infra and sell the entire
           | enterprise.
        
       | deaux wrote:
       | Everyone talking about rules and regulations being a blocker to
       | EU software sovereignty is completely clueless. Unfortunately a
       | lot of these people are actually European but they've drank the
       | decades of US koolaid.
       | 
       | There are about 200 countries in this world. 195 of them are as
       | of today reliant on foreign-controlled software to a similar
       | degree, which is "completely and utterly in every facet, across
       | consumer, business and government levels".
       | 
       | Let's talk about the other 4 then (excluding the US), with
       | varying degrees. One of them has magnitudes more government
       | interference than the EU. Another one also has both more
       | government interference _and_ stricter rules and regulations,
       | both in terms of labor laws and things like data privacy - even
       | stricter than GDPR. The third one has less of this, but still
       | much more of it than the US, and has the lowest sovereignty level
       | out of the four.
       | 
       | I've talked about three, that leaves the fourth. The fourth one
       | is Russia.
        
         | dbuxton wrote:
         | I played this in my head a few times and don't get it.
         | 
         | I assume we are talking
         | 
         | - China - maybe South Korea? - US (or is US not one of the 4?)
         | - Russia (ok this is explicit)
         | 
         | I think there might be an interesting idea in here but there is
         | some confusion that's stopping it coming out
         | 
         | Can someone enlighten me?
        
           | deaux wrote:
           | You're completely right, I mistakenly left out the US so I'm
           | going to edit it in. If you include the US, it's five. The
           | first two are of course trivially correct. I'm leaving them
           | unnamed in the hope that those who write all-knowingly about
           | this topic yet can't instantly name them might realize they
           | don't know much about software sovereignty in the first
           | place.
           | 
           | The third one is definitely a notch lower than the others, as
           | I noted. But still IMO noticeably higher than the other 196.
           | The point still stands if you don't count them.
        
       | mark_l_watson wrote:
       | That was a good article, I don't usually read The Register.
       | 
       | Even as a US citizen, I say: good for Europe!
       | 
       | The world is simply a better place when countries have
       | independence and can be as self reliant as possible.
       | 
       | In the US media there is an ongoing rhetoric that everything in
       | the US is wonderful and everything in the rest of the world is
       | much worse. I am privileged to have travelled widely so I know
       | what a mostly wonderful and friendly world we live in.
       | 
       | I just use a few EU tech products (Hetzner, Proton, Mistral) but
       | they seem good enough to me.
        
         | christophilus wrote:
         | > The world is simply a better place when countries have
         | independence and can be as self reliant as possible.
         | 
         | I would tend to agree, but to take the other side: This also
         | gives rise to massive wars. You don't tend to go to war when
         | your economy is so intertwined that war is the economic
         | equivalent of a mass casualty event.
        
           | mark_l_watson wrote:
           | I can also agree with the 'other side' viewpoint as well.
           | There are things to do to mitigate war though besides
           | interlocking infrastructure: young people studying abroad,
           | travel, friendships with people in other countries. Not too
           | far off topic: a US war planner during world war 2 took
           | Yokohama off the list of Japanese cities to be annihilated
           | with bombing because he and his wife visited that city and
           | loved it. Anything that fights against dehumanizing people in
           | other countries during times of conflict is a good thing.
        
           | magicalhippo wrote:
           | > You don't tend to go to war when your economy is so
           | intertwined that war is the economic equivalent of a mass
           | casualty event.
           | 
           | That is after all the core motivation[1] behind what
           | became[2] the European Union:
           | 
           |  _The solidarity in production thus established will make it
           | plain that any war between France and Germany becomes, not
           | merely unthinkable, but materially impossible._
           | 
           | [1]: https://web.archive.org/web/20230516193200/http://aei.pi
           | tt.e...
           | 
           | [2]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Coal_and_Steel_Co
           | mmun...
        
       | jonplackett wrote:
       | Even if we get the data and an EU cloud we still need chips,
       | operating system, devices.
       | 
       | Unless we're all going to use. Raspberry Pi I'm not sure how this
       | works.
        
       | abdelhousni wrote:
       | First, Europeans must change their mindset and be really willing
       | to become free.
        
         | Ylpertnodi wrote:
         | Done, thanks. Eagerly waiting the next 20 years.
        
           | polski-g wrote:
           | You need a doctor's note to get a gym membership in Italy. In
           | the Netherlands, you need a prescription to get contact lens
           | solution. The rot of regulation is deep within the European
           | psyche.
        
       | aenis wrote:
       | I am in the middle of this - my audit committee just told me we
       | need an exit plan "just in case".
       | 
       | I don't think this is practically possible. The governments are
       | currently focusing on enabling sovereign clouds - there is real
       | work in France and the Netherlands that I am familiar with.
       | 
       | However, almost any company uses a lot of SaaS stuff - also for
       | very core capabilities such as IdP, employee productivity, not to
       | mention the boring stuff - CRMs, ERPs, payment, etc.
       | 
       | Some (all, maybe?) have non-US variants, but as anyone who ever
       | worked through an ERP upgrade or a CRM replacement -
       | theoretically trivial exercises - this will be hell on earth.
       | 
       | And that does not begin to address the questions such as next gen
       | productivity tools such as frontier models for coding. If
       | Anthropic, Google and OpenAI decided to shut down the Europeans,
       | we'd be screwed for a while.
       | 
       | On the positive side, the absolute toxic stuff that tech
       | companies brought to the world - shorts, social media networks -
       | would for a while be inaccessible too, so there is that.
        
       | drivingmenuts wrote:
       | Will they also need to separate from the banking systems? As I
       | understand it, almost every banking transaction goes through a
       | US-based network.
        
       | znnajdla wrote:
       | This is not just a sovereignty/security/privacy issue. I
       | genuinely believe that ditching Big Tech will produce genuinely
       | better technology for consumers. Once the monopolists lose their
       | network effect advantage, startups should be forced to adopt more
       | interoperable protocols and foster healthier competition. Big
       | Tech is a cancer, same as any other monopoly.
        
       | AtlasBarfed wrote:
       | States need to sponsor open source to the tune of tens of
       | billions.
       | 
       | Ss the reg points out it's now national security in a
       | deglobalization world.
       | 
       | I got mocked on this site for suggesting it.
       | 
       | But both the EU and the non aligned superpowers need open source
       | hardware and software stacks.
       | 
       | It's all there already. The people did 90% of the work. Llms are
       | here to close feature gaps, identify security issues, port code.
       | They are great at cloning and iterative improvement.
       | 
       | You don't need some radical new idea. And stand up to American
       | companies
       | 
       | And oh jeez, you might get a functioning tech sector of
       | companies. That would be horrible wouldn't it EU.
       | 
       | Proprietary software and hardware/firmware is a weapon these
       | days. This is a US issue as well.
       | 
       | Open source is the key for the entire economic stack of
       | fabrication of computing devices in a weaponized low trust
       | deglobalized multipolar world.
       | 
       | It enabled cooperation, export, multinational companies to make
       | money worldwide
        
       | csantini wrote:
       | Aws Gcp Azure have overbuilt, you don't need most of those
       | services to build scalable and reliable infra for large
       | institutions
        
       | deadbabe wrote:
       | This is a pipe dream.
       | 
       | Also, Europe loves to impose its draconian internet laws on the
       | rest of the world, if mutual respect for sovereignty is what they
       | want, then they can now learn to accept the constraints of
       | another nation's cloud environment. Sucks doesn't it?
        
       | siliconc0w wrote:
       | American cloud companies will sell you a sovereign cloud solution
       | but these are still pretty much make you a vassal state
        
       | chaostheory wrote:
       | Globalism is dying. Unfortunately, peace goes hand in hand with
       | it.
        
       | DeathArrow wrote:
       | Why now? Why shouldn't have the world reduced its reliance on US
       | tech platforms and services 20 years ago. Or why shouldn't they
       | wait 20 more years.
       | 
       | What did happen?
        
       | fnord77 wrote:
       | I guess those million dollar bribes to the president's
       | inauguration party were wasted
        
       | christkv wrote:
       | There are certain things that would be a pain to do as the
       | platforms we use gives us so much more than just hosting. It
       | means a lot more operational work in our case and loss of certain
       | functionality that has to be reimplemented using some other
       | stack. I don't see it as feasible in the short term, nor cost
       | effective.
        
       | lencastre wrote:
       | what a strange game of chicken, why xan't amzn, msft, et al just
       | contain their infra within euro borders and call it a day? after
       | all the word multi in multinational does not oblige companies to
       | stop selling in Europe, or?
        
         | tracnar wrote:
         | They do, but the US can still force them to hand over data
         | that's in EU. (This was confirmed by Microsoft France
         | officials.)
        
         | polski-g wrote:
         | Because that's not how US law works.
        
       | kkfx wrote:
       | As an European, I see no point in swapping one dictator for
       | another, or one IT giant for another. What we need is to mandate
       | FLOSS, push for an interconnected Desktop model rather than
       | cloud+mobile, force ISPs to adopt IPv6 with a static global per
       | host, and incentivize domain name purchases while promoting
       | affordable home servers and declarative solutions that are
       | accessible enough to most people so they can deploy their own
       | services independently.
       | 
       | It makes no sense whatsoever to switch from Company A to Company
       | B, you're still just a customer at the vendor's mercy.
        
       | stainablesteel wrote:
       | incompetent people, making decisions they should have made a
       | decade ago, that will take more than a decade to implement, and
       | will by then probably be just as outdated as this decision is now
        
       | user____name wrote:
       | When SaaS was emerging I was always advocating for not putting
       | all our eggs into one basket, everyone always suggested was
       | suggesting I was just paranoid. It's just a basic tenet of
       | resilient systems to diversify depenendencies and not outsource
       | all basic knowhow and abilities, even if its more costly. The
       | reason is that institutional knowledge is difficult to build and
       | easy to throw away. Its for the same reason I was hesitant about
       | supporting all those big free trade agreements, for which I was
       | actually called a "national communist" a few times, lol. Funnily
       | enough nowadays I'm the one more open to those free trade blocks
       | in my social circles and everyone has always been against it. I
       | wonder what the consensus will be twenty years from now.
        
       | Gimpei wrote:
       | Isn't the more fundamental question why Europe has not been as
       | successful as the US or China in building a native tech industry
       | despite having a huge market? What are the barriers to creating
       | startups and how can you lower them and preserve the enviable
       | European social model? Solve that and you'll solve the problem of
       | a native cloud.
        
         | matthewdgreen wrote:
         | Well, at the early stages, yes. But at the point where
         | incumbent tech firms have an insurmountable advantage, just
         | adding more startups probably isn't going to save you.
         | Entrenched providers can use their market power to buy
         | up/outcompete/destroy any smaller competitors. You really need
         | both a native market and a startup scene.
        
         | duttish wrote:
         | The divergence of being many smaller countries with different
         | regulations, primary languages, currencies etc have been a
         | blocker, but progress is being made[1] and it seems like people
         | are aware of the problem. It just takes a while when every plan
         | needs to be approved by all countries.
         | 
         | 1. https://tech.eu/2026/01/20/the-european-commission-
         | launches-...
        
         | kaffekaka wrote:
         | I am just speculating, but Europe has let itself be very
         | dependent on USA for many things - military/defence, technology
         | etc. "We don't need weapons, USA builds them for us". There has
         | been no need to try and compete.
         | 
         | This is changing now. So maybe the incentives will now appear
         | more clearly.
        
           | mlinhares wrote:
           | You don't have to, this ja the reason. There were multiple
           | successful EU alternatives that were killed by the loads of
           | money the US companies could muster to kill or hobble them.
           | And Europe decided it was fine.
           | 
           | There isn't even an European card brand that operates across
           | the whole continent, the just accepted to use visa and
           | Mastercard for everything. I hope they change it.
        
         | ttoinou wrote:
         | Brain drain to USA, lack of good VC / funding, Patents war /
         | patents controlled by the USA, industry espionage, EU
         | mentalities that don't favor innovation in the same direction
         | than the USA, too diverse markets to serve, distributed
         | controls / governments / decisions. The list can go on and on
        
         | Closi wrote:
         | > Isn't the more fundamental question why Europe has not been
         | as successful as the US or China in building a native tech
         | industry despite having a huge market? What are the barriers to
         | creating startups and how can you lower them and preserve the
         | enviable European social model? Solve that and you'll solve the
         | problem of a native cloud.
         | 
         | IMO here in the UK we are good at _starting_ tech startups, we
         | are just bad at not selling them to overseas investors early in
         | their life, or having a tax framework that is advantageous to
         | them growing in the UK.
         | 
         | In the UK see Google Deepmind, ARM, Deliveroo... Elevenlabs
         | being incorporated in the USA, Dyson moving to singapore etc -
         | Even outside of the tech space, Cadburys, Sainsbury's, Jaguar
         | Land Rover... If the UK kept hold of everything that the UK
         | created, we would be great!
         | 
         | Even our infrastructure we sell to the French, Chinese, Germans
         | etc just for short-term gain, despite that we are cutting our
         | nose off if we look forward 10 years.
        
         | Archelaos wrote:
         | In global economies, it is a general rule that different
         | regions of the world specialise in their respective sectors. In
         | the IT industry, we generally observe that early innovators can
         | extend their advantage by binding customers to their technology
         | platform. One example of how this also applies to Europe in the
         | IT sector is SAP. Founded in 1972, they were one of the first
         | companies to offer ERP solutions. Their founders initially
         | worked at a German branch of IBM and took over a software
         | product that IBM was no longer interested in. SAP's leading
         | position in this market has been so strong ever since that no
         | US company has been able to pose a threat to SAP. Oracle, for
         | example, has tried.
         | 
         | You can see this mechanism at work in the USA itself. Microsoft
         | tried to get into the mobil market, but gave up. Google tried
         | to build its own social network, but gave up. All other cloud
         | providers are stuggeling to catch up with AWS.
        
         | heresie-dabord wrote:
         | > why Europe has not been as successful as the US or China in
         | building a native tech industry
         | 
         | The EU _trusted_ the US so it made sense to leverage US
         | innovation and leadership.
         | 
         | But "Uncle Sam" is no longer an ally. Or a leader. And its
         | recent _innovations_ are toxic to society and democracy.
        
         | christophilus wrote:
         | China has a huge population that mostly speaks Mandarin. The US
         | has a smaller, but relatively wealthy population that mostly
         | speaks English. Europe is a hodgepodge of languages, cultures,
         | and regulatory environments. That's a beautiful thing, but it's
         | not an efficient thing from a business perspective.
        
           | Hrun0 wrote:
           | > China has a huge population that mostly speaks Mandarin.
           | 
           | It's about incentives. The Chinese had to come up with their
           | own solutions because of their firewall.
           | 
           | Maybe it's time for a European firewall?
        
         | amunozo wrote:
         | No need, it was much more comfortable to stay in known sectors
         | such as banking, industry or tourism. Now there is a real need
         | so I'm positive things will change.
        
       | constantcrying wrote:
       | Many European companies are already struggling financially,
       | especially the large traditional businesses which form the
       | backbone of the European economy at large.
       | 
       | Now you demand that these companies should rip out decades of the
       | IT systems they have built up, which form the backbone of their
       | day to day operations and replace them with third rate
       | alternatives, nowhere near in capability, support and coverage?
       | 
       | Yes, I love open source and I wish to see it succeed, but this
       | proposal is suicidal. Even _if_ a superior and less costly
       | alternative did exist (and it does not, just to be clear), just
       | the effort of switching over would ruin these companies.
        
       | dev_l1x_be wrote:
       | Can't wait until any European vendor gets 400 POPs around the
       | globe with tier1 backbone and the same time has an API, can issue
       | top tier certificates and has some of the features that for
       | example Cloudfront has.
        
       | tacker2000 wrote:
       | Whats the best Euro S3 alternative?
        
         | etyhhgfff wrote:
         | Hetzner S3 i would say
        
       | cmenge wrote:
       | 1. Europe doesn't have comparable offerings. The amount of money
       | invested is below what a single hyperscaler spends per quarter.
       | (StackIT might be on track to change that looking at the pure
       | numbers)
       | 
       | 2. European politicians still seem to believe it's about renting
       | compute and storage; they seem to have little understanding of
       | what "a cloud offering" really is; the EU has less than 5% of
       | GPUs, supposedly
       | 
       | 3. For healthcare, they already forced you years ago. This led to
       | hosting on Telekom Cloud which runs on OpenStack by Huawei. (EU
       | commision wants to ban Huawei from 5G but it's ok to use their
       | software? 'Is open source and can be inspected' seems largely
       | theoretical given the reality of cybersecurity)
       | 
       | 4. If push comes to shove, the EU is critically dependent on the
       | US in so many aspects (defense, lng to name two very important
       | ones) that eventually, they would falter if the US wants your
       | data in a specific case anyway
       | 
       | 5. As a private citizen, given the incarcerations in the UK and
       | Germany, it seems one should worry more about the EU getting your
       | data than the other way around
       | 
       | That said, would be nice to have healthy competition, but after
       | hearing this for 10++ years, it's getting really old. It might
       | have been a good idea not to sleep on the AI trend, but, well...
        
         | DarkNova6 wrote:
         | True for the current situation, but something needs to happen
         | before the thinking turns into acting. There's no better time
         | than now, since most cloud services have become commodities.
         | You don't need to be big-tech to have a competitive offering
         | that. Naturally, the tech won't be as efficient and shiny as
         | those of the big ones, but you have none of the corporate bloat
         | and inefficiencies.
         | 
         | And don't forget about legislation. If there are new laws that
         | set a limit to egress costs you can say goodbye to the walled
         | garden of cloud empires.
         | 
         | After all, how many cloud services does the average company
         | actually need? Most problems have been figured out by now, so
         | such a project would be less like creating thought-leaders and
         | more like a public infrastructure project. With exception of
         | cutting-edge technologies, the cloud has become a commodity.
        
         | hilios wrote:
         | What incarcerations in Germany are you referring to?
        
           | dundarious wrote:
           | This is surely not what OP was referring to, but: arguably
           | worse than incarcerations, I strongly condemn EU sanctions
           | against EU citizens and residents, such as Huseyin Dogru,
           | Jacques Baud, and Nathalie Yamb, merely for speech that is
           | not aligned with EU foreign policy.
           | 
           | Note that I don't consider it at all relevant whether one
           | agrees/disagrees with the content of their speech.
        
             | hilios wrote:
             | If this isn't what OP was referring to, why bring it up? I
             | don't see how this is relevant, to the security of data
             | from European companies, stored in European clouds.
        
         | locknitpicker wrote:
         | > 1. Europe doesn't have comparable offerings.
         | 
         | I think you should pause for a moment. There are plenty of
         | European cloud providers that allow you to run VMs in multiple
         | points of presence across the world. Some even offer managed
         | Kubernetes clusters.
         | 
         | It is true that most European cloud providers don't offer many
         | high-level managed services such as function-as-a-service
         | compute solutions, durable execution engines, etc. However,
         | those are not exactly hard requirements. In fact, some cloud
         | providers offer these services for reasons that are not in line
         | with the customer's best interests, such as better hardware
         | utilization and vendor lock-in.
         | 
         | So think about it for a second: if you can put together a
         | Kubernetes cluster, what high-level service do you absolutely
         | need to be able to put together a working service?
         | 
         | I can tell you right away: nothing.
         | 
         | > 2. European politicians still seem to believe it's about
         | renting compute and storage;
         | 
         | I think you need to touch grass on this one. European companies
         | require cloud services for the same reason any other company
         | requires cloud services. If you take the time to learn about
         | how cloud providers such as AWS market their services, you will
         | learn that they firmly base their offering on the exact
         | criteria you are arguing against: compute that scales, and
         | reliability. To argue otherwise, you must argue against how US
         | cloud providers market themselves, which would be baffling.
         | 
         | > 4. If push comes to shove, the EU is critically dependent
         | (...)
         | 
         | There is no "if". We are already at that point. NATO is already
         | running military exercises without the US, and since Trump took
         | over support for Ukraine has been driven primarily by Europe.
         | NATO has been very vocal in how France and the UK have been the
         | primary providers of intelligence to Ukraine.
         | 
         | > 5. As a private citizen, given the incarcerations in the UK
         | and Germany, it seems one should worry more about the EU
         | getting your data than the other way around
         | 
         | You got to be joking. The US now demands access to your social
         | media accounts as precondition to enter the country, and the US
         | also outright disappears people out of the street.
         | 
         | https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c1dz0g2ykpeo
        
           | cmenge wrote:
           | > So think about it for a second: if you can put together a
           | Kubernetes cluster, what high-level service do you absolutely
           | need to be able to put together a working service?
           | 
           | Agreed that K8s helps a lot. But let's say I want managed
           | Redis or MongoDB Atlas, I can't get that, at least I couldn't
           | when I last checked (I can them physically hosted in the EU
           | of course, but on a hyperscaler)
           | 
           | > that they firmly base their offering on the exact criteria
           | you are arguing against: compute that scales, and reliability
           | 
           | Sure these are central, but I can also get e.g. computer
           | vision, distributed queues etc.; a lot of money has gone into
           | the software, not just the hardware is my point.
        
         | vga42 wrote:
         | >OpenStack by Huawei
         | 
         | If you mean to say that OpenStack is made by Huawei, that is
         | not true. They are a major contributor and a platinum member of
         | that open source project, though.
        
           | jamesbelchamber wrote:
           | OpenStack was created by NASA and Rackspace, both very
           | American..
        
             | cmenge wrote:
             | I may be wrong, but here's how I got the idea: "liefert
             | Huawei mit dem Cloud-Betriebssystem Huawei OpenStack
             | Distribution" So it appears to be a Huawei _distribution_
             | from https://www.open-telekom-
             | cloud.com/de/blog/vorteile/die-sich...
             | 
             | Also see https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41350820
        
         | Zenst wrote:
         | The Huawei ban in the European Union (EU) has been a gradual,
         | uneven process, shifting from voluntary guidelines in 2020 to
         | increasingly mandatory, country-specific, and EU-wide
         | restrictions by 2025-2026.
         | 
         | Here is the timeline of Huawei's ban and restrictions in the EU
         | and UK:
         | 
         | Phase 1: Initial Restrictions and Voluntary Guidelines
         | (2019-2020) May 2019: The United States places Huawei on a
         | trade blacklist, restricting access to key technologies (Google
         | Android, US chips), which triggers security reviews across
         | Europe.
         | 
         | January 2020: The European Commission launches its "5G Security
         | Toolbox," encouraging EU member states to restrict or exclude
         | "high-risk vendors" (HRV) like Huawei from critical core
         | network infrastructure.
         | 
         | July 2020 (UK): The UK government announces a total ban on
         | buying new Huawei 5G equipment after December 31, 2020, and
         | orders the removal of all existing Huawei 5G gear by 2027.
         | 
         | October 2020 (Sweden): Sweden bans Huawei and ZTE from 5G
         | networks and orders the removal of existing equipment by
         | January 2025.
         | 
         | Phase 2: Implementation Hurdles (2021-2023) 2021-2022: Many EU
         | nations slow-walk the implementation of the 5G toolbox, with
         | only a small number of countries actively banning Huawei from
         | core networks due to costs and dependence on its technology.
         | 
         | June 2023: EU officials express frustration that only one-third
         | of EU countries have implemented restrictions on high-risk
         | vendors.
         | 
         | Phase 3: Hardening Stance and National Bans (2024-2025) July
         | 2024 (Germany): After years of delays, Germany announces an
         | agreement with major operators to remove Huawei and ZTE
         | critical components from 5G core networks by the end of 2026,
         | and from access/transport networks by 2029.
         | 
         | August 2025 (Spain): Spain cancels a government contract with
         | Telefonica involving Huawei equipment. November 2025 (EU-wide):
         | The European Commission pushes for a binding, mandatory ban,
         | threatening to make the 2020 voluntary guidelines legally
         | required for all member states.
         | 
         | Phase 4: Proposed Mandatory EU-Wide Ban (2026) January 20,
         | 2026: The European Commission unveils a new proposal aimed at
         | forcing EU member states to remove Huawei and ZTE from their
         | networks within three years of adoption.
         | 
         | January 2026: Reports indicate the EU may move to ban Huawei
         | and ZTE from critical infrastructure, including fixed-line and
         | fiber networks, not just 5G. Summary of Key Country Timelines
         | 
         | UK: New equipment banned (Dec 2020), full removal by 2027.
         | Sweden: Full 5G ban, removal by Jan 2025. Germany: Core removal
         | by end of 2026, RAN removal by 2029. EU (General): Proposed
         | 3-year mandatory phase-out starting from 2026
         | 
         | Must say, tech that has held up for all that time, must be
         | doing something right.
         | 
         | So this cloud ride, the possibility of a whole new paradigm in
         | computing could happen before we see EU cloud centricity.
        
         | cteiosanu wrote:
         | "5. As a private citizen, given the incarcerations in the UK
         | and Germany, it seems one should worry more about the EU
         | getting your data than the other way around"
         | 
         | As a private citizen given the cold blood murders of US
         | citizens by ICE, it seems EU citizens should really be worried
         | of what such an administration is willing to do and can do to
         | their long time allies.
        
         | tartoran wrote:
         | Europe doesn't have similar offerings because they never had a
         | chance to or need to compete Silicon Valley. Now that the cats
         | out of the bag, offerings can simply materialize out of the
         | really high demand for homegrown solutions, EU have a large
         | population after all. US Tech really went off the rails in the
         | last year or last few years, it simply cannot be trusted
         | anymore. Even if such offerings may lag a little behind, they
         | still look like a better proposition. EU is in a similar
         | situation with respect to self defense, they have to step up to
         | the plate and start building their own.
        
         | exe34 wrote:
         | > given the incarcerations in the UK and Germany
         | 
         | Could you say a few more words on this - it sounds quite
         | concerning.
        
         | bob1029 wrote:
         | I don't actually see what's stopping European firms from
         | figuring this out in terms of hardware infrastructure.
         | 
         | Buildings full of computers aren't that difficult a problem to
         | solve compared to things like semiconductor manufacturing or
         | energy.
         | 
         | Perhaps the issue is more on the software and architecture
         | side. Getting sucked into weird cloud products that don't
         | translate clean to other premises is perhaps the more difficult
         | aspect of this for larger firms. I've made a very strong point
         | to only use EC2, Route53, S3 and Azure AD. Moving between
         | environments is a lot easier when you stick with the VM as the
         | unit of deployment. Getting out of something like a MSSQL hyper
         | scale instance is simply not possible without switching to a
         | different SQL provider or accepting new operational risks.
        
       | moltar wrote:
       | Good luck rebuilding AWS. It's a massive undertaking if you want
       | feature parity.
        
         | vga42 wrote:
         | Sure, but how many people/companies are perfectly served by
         | serverless functions + queues + gateway + database + file
         | service? I'd guess >90%. How much of that remaining 10% can be
         | adequately patched by lauching virtual servers?
         | 
         | Scaleway and OVHCloud both provide all of that. The problem is
         | more about marketing and a modern variant of the good old
         | "nobody got fired for buying IBM".
        
       | fnoef wrote:
       | I keep seeing over and over how Europe should be self sufficient.
       | I'd be happy for Europe to be self sufficient.
       | 
       | But the truth is that Europe does not have the infrastructure and
       | offering to be self sufficient. Even looking at basic things like
       | AWS SES, there is no European offering. Apart from scaleway,
       | there are no competitions for big cloud providers. There are no
       | alternative to office suites.
       | 
       | And I'm not even talking about hardware. What's the point to
       | build data centers if they run US made hardware.
       | 
       | So, as the saying goes: talk is cheap, show me the software.
        
         | thethimble wrote:
         | Perhaps there should be an EU committee to draft a mandate for
         | a working group tasked with identifying the necessary
         | stakeholders for a preliminary report on digital
         | infrastructure.
        
           | tene80i wrote:
           | Perhaps instead there should be a president enriching himself
           | and insulting citizens executed by his goons.
        
       | tonymet wrote:
       | > I'm an eighth-generation American, and let me tell you, I
       | wouldn't trust my data, secrets, or services to a US company
       | these days for love or money. Under our current government, we're
       | simply not trustworthy.
       | 
       | Thank you Redditor, you must have forgotten about the Patriot Act
       | and how every President since has only worsened Privacy at home
       | and abroad (we could easily go back to the 60s, and beyond).
       | Remember CableGate, Prism, FISA Courts, or 3 dozen other Privacy
       | violating programs?
       | 
       | Yes it all started with Trumpoldemort, lest we say his name.
        
       | zkmon wrote:
       | A story I read goes thus: A nicely dressed young man was waiting
       | at a bus stop in a rural part of India. He need go to a nearby
       | city. Suddenly clouds gathered and it started to pour down
       | heavily. He took shelter in a chai (tea) shed beside the bus
       | stop. The chaiwala (tea shop owner) announced that the bus is
       | cancelled for the day as road was damaged due to the heavy rain.
       | The young man looked worried and tried to go by walk in the rain.
       | Chaiwala warned that rain would get only heavier. Young man
       | returned and sat back. Other people ordered more chai. Due to
       | more demand for chai, the chai jar (tea granules) got empty.
       | Chaiwala commanded the worker boy to run to a shop that is half-
       | mile away and get more chai packs. The boy sprinted out as if
       | there was no rain. He came back in half hour, fully soaked,
       | starry-eyed, with tea packs in his hand. Young man gets up and
       | starts walking out. Chaiwala was shouting that winds and rain are
       | going to persist the whole day. Young man didn't listen, and
       | didn't feel the rain.
        
         | cung wrote:
         | I'm missing something. What is the point of this story?
        
           | zkmon wrote:
           | The point is, things are not that scary as the seller would
           | like you to believe. Europe has or can build everything it
           | needs,
        
       | ta9000 wrote:
       | Americans are absolutely not a fan of this administration and it
       | will be severely neutered after the midterms. The Supreme Court
       | is already doing some of that.
       | 
       | Americans are not your enemy, Washington (state), California,
       | Illinois, etc (AKA the states with real economic power and all
       | the tech companies) did not vote for this. We still believe in
       | the rule of law and our friendships with our allies.
        
       | tj-teej wrote:
       | After Snowden's leaks don't we know the levels of spying that's
       | already happening today? That was a decade ago, what has changed?
        
       | epolanski wrote:
       | Most of my European clients fall in two categories:
       | 
       | 1. Ain't nobody got time/care to move out of AWS/azure but we can
       | consider alternatives on new stuff.
       | 
       | 2. We moving all to European cloud vendors and gonna mail them to
       | ditch US hardware as well.
       | 
       | The first group is bigger than the second.
       | 
       | One wish to say trump has done damage, but he was voted and he's
       | doing exactly what he said he would do so it's hard to treat this
       | as "it's just trump", it's not, it's Americans treating others
       | like enemies.
        
       | madhacker wrote:
       | Good for the EU. This a a much needed wake-up call for data
       | sovereignty.
        
       | zmmmmm wrote:
       | It's not practical IMHO to move out of US owned cloud companies
       | at this point in time. It could become so over years.
       | 
       | However what is mostly practical is to avoid building on their
       | proprietary layers and stick to relatively portable tech. Just
       | treat it like highly flexible servers / generic services
       | provisioned through APIs. It's a battle to stop "cloud experts"
       | from cargo culting "best practices" which invariably involve
       | everything they can find at the extreme end of the proprietary
       | stack.
        
       | rm30 wrote:
       | I've carefully read this interesting discussion: some political,
       | mostly about full cloud services (AWS) vs partial EU providers,
       | or lock-in vs indipendence.
       | 
       | I think the problem is elsewhere. The real advantage of big cloud
       | players isn't their individual services. It's seamless
       | integration and simplicity. We need a service integration
       | standard for infrastructure that enables:
       | 
       | - Service discovery
       | 
       | - Networking
       | 
       | - Observability
       | 
       | - Configuration
       | 
       | This benefits everyone: EU companies, US startups, enterprises
       | anywhere avoiding vendor lock-in. A standard letting services
       | integrate regardless of who provides them.
       | 
       | Not just container orchestration (Kubernetes), but something
       | working across bare metal, VPS, containers, and remote machines.
        
       | hoppp wrote:
       | I really hope so.
       | 
       | I am working on a high availability postgres self-hosting
       | solution that works with hetzner ,just for the Eu market. Fingers
       | crossed, lots of work ahead.
        
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