[HN Gopher] CERN accepts $1B in private cash towards Future Circ...
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       CERN accepts $1B in private cash towards Future Circular Collider
        
       Author : zeristor
       Score  : 125 points
       Date   : 2026-01-31 09:58 UTC (13 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (physicsworld.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (physicsworld.com)
        
       | Fh_ wrote:
       | These projects are extremely expensive and the findings can alter
       | humanity itself. That's why private donors sounds a bit sketchy
        
         | murkt wrote:
         | How can they alter humanity? What's the difference for humanity
         | since CERN found Higgs particle? In what ways could the
         | potential dark matter particle detection alter humanity?
        
           | niemandhier wrote:
           | It's a place where extremely skilled people work highly
           | motivated on humanities hardest problems at scale.
           | 
           | CERN pushed distributed computing and storage before anyone
           | else hat problems on that scale.
           | 
           | CERN pushed edge computing for massive data analysis before
           | anyone else even generated data at that rate.
           | 
           | CERN is currently pushing the physical boundaries of device
           | synchronisation ( Check ,, White Rabbit" ), same for data
           | transmission. CERNS accelerator cooling tech paves the way
           | for industrial super cooling, magnet coils push super
           | conduction...
           | 
           | Companies are always late in the game, they come once there
           | is money to be had: No one founded a fusion startup until we
           | were close enough to the relevant tripple product.
        
             | vjvjvjvjghv wrote:
             | Seems these are all positive things and it's good that
             | private donors are adding some money.
        
             | sylware wrote:
             | You are perfectly right, this has been similar to the
             | "space industry" (which includes 'ballistic nukes' knowhow
             | maintainance). The thing with a bigger collider is it seems
             | there are, not that honnest, scientists retro-fitting
             | models in order to reach 'appropriate for this new
             | collider' energy ranges where 'new physics' could be found.
        
               | XorNot wrote:
               | What does that even mean? The FCC is essentially the next
               | plausible energy range we can probe with a collider.
               | 
               | Going larger would cost more, and add risk.
               | 
               | So like, yes? The obvious thing to do is to analyze our
               | models and come up with experiments to do within energy
               | ranges which are plausibly accessible with near future
               | technology.
        
               | sylware wrote:
               | This is where there is a questionable issue: some network
               | of dishonest scientists may have retro-fitted the models
               | in order to get realitic energy ranges for this new
               | collider.
        
             | zeristor wrote:
             | I misread the first bit as the hardest problem in the
             | Humanities.
             | 
             | I'm not sure I have any idea what the hardest problem in
             | the humanities is.
        
             | crote wrote:
             | Sure, but if experimental physics don't matter, wouldn't it
             | be a far better idea to develop all those kinds of
             | technology _without_ actually building the expensive
             | collider itself?
        
               | spongebobstoes wrote:
               | that's like building an API with no customers -- rarely a
               | good idea
        
           | mr_mitm wrote:
           | In what way would studying black body radiation alter
           | humanity? Oh just the basis for quantum mechanics and thus
           | transistors, lasers, MRIs, photovoltaics, and more.
           | 
           | The point is, you don't know in advance. I admit it's a bit
           | more far fetched with these experiments that are so far
           | removed from everyday life, but they're still worthwhile.
        
           | hnthrow0287345 wrote:
           | Less that and more "we built a really complex machine and we
           | can apply those skills elsewhere".
        
           | pjmlp wrote:
           | Cancer treatment goes back to particle physics research at
           | CERN, the Web was born there, cloud was previously known as
           | Grid Computing at CERN,
           | 
           | Three examples of how humanity would not be as we know it
           | today without CERN.
           | 
           | As Alumni, there are many other changes that trace back to
           | CERN.
           | 
           | We don't sit only on the H1 beer garden and go skiing.
        
             | mikkupikku wrote:
             | I understand how linacs and even small compact syncrotrons
             | can have practical medical and industrial applications, and
             | I understand that in the past CERN has developed technology
             | and produced research which is relevant to hardon therapy.
             | 
             | What I don't understand, and maybe you can clarify, is how
             | the very largest gargantuan accelerators can ever have
             | practical relevance. How can effects and products which can
             | only be studied with accelerators that are many miles large
             | ever have application in hospitals unless those hospitals
             | are also many miles large? Not going to lie, I get _" NASA
             | invented Tang"_ vibes whenever this subject comes up; like
             | the medical applications of small accelerators are obvious
             | and parsable to the public, so they are used to sell the
             | public on accelerators the size of small countries.
        
               | pjmlp wrote:
               | Because of the engineering effort required to build such
               | systems, that no one has built before, means there is a
               | gigantic amount of R&D discoveries that can be eventually
               | applied in other fields outside particle physics.
               | 
               | Mechanical, electronic, informatics, chemistry,
               | physics,...
               | 
               | Hence why CERN eventually created an industry
               | collaboration office, responsible for finding business
               | partners that would like to make a business out of such
               | discoveries.
               | 
               | https://knowledgetransfer.web.cern.ch/activities-
               | services/co...
        
             | bonsai_spool wrote:
             | > Cancer treatment goes back to particle physics
             | 
             | Are you speaking about proton therapy? I don't think
             | there's any evidence that works better than alternatives
        
               | pjmlp wrote:
               | What matters is that exists, and is another possibility
               | for treatments.
               | 
               | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4724719/
        
               | bonsai_spool wrote:
               | I disagree that any new possibility for treatments should
               | be lauded. The theoretical side of things is fine, but
               | many new treatments are far more expensive than existing
               | options without offering improved outcomes.
               | 
               | This is orthogonal to your point about CERN being useful.
        
               | pjmlp wrote:
               | Some people also believe praying beats vaccination
               | programs.
               | 
               | Unfortunately I have got to know people that are only
               | still around me thanks to this technology that you find
               | needless.
        
               | bonsai_spool wrote:
               | > Some people also believe praying beats vaccination
               | programs.
               | 
               | > Unfortunately I have got to know people that are only
               | still around me thanks to this technology that you find
               | needless.
               | 
               | There is no way to know whether these people would have
               | been served better by receiving radiation therapy. Your
               | statement is tantamount to believing in prayer.
        
               | pjmlp wrote:
               | I know they are better than not having received anything
               | at all.
        
               | somethingsome wrote:
               | What do you mean by 'any evidence that works better Than
               | alternatives'?
               | 
               | It can deliver radiations to the brain that will peak at
               | the exact position of the cancer, and reduce irradiation
               | in sane tissues. The 'better' is 'less irradiation to
               | sane tissues' that in turn reduces the risk for new
               | cancers.
               | 
               | Note: I'm not expert on the matter, but I had technical
               | visits to IBA and know several PhDs that work there
        
               | bonsai_spool wrote:
               | > What do you mean by 'any evidence that works better
               | Than alternatives'?
               | 
               | I mean exactly that, clinical trials demonstrating that
               | proton therapy is superior to radiation therapy. This is
               | not a question about the physics but about how patients
               | respond (and whether the expense of delivering proton
               | therapy outweighs the expected marginal benefits).
        
               | somethingsome wrote:
               | As a non expert, I can't pronounce myself on the subject,
               | I found this recent study:
               | 
               | https://www.mdanderson.org/newsroom/research-
               | newsroom/proton...
               | 
               | But on the subject of discoveries and practical uses, the
               | IBA cyclotrons are also used for other purposes than
               | proton therapy: cleaning exotic fruits from dangerous
               | substances and personalized medicine.
        
               | bonsai_spool wrote:
               | This may be one of the good cases, then. I'm not an
               | expert in cancer but I am a biologist and physician. The
               | head and neck cancer (here) and various pediatric
               | indications get the most attention but it has felt that
               | proton therapy has been seeking an indication for almost
               | 40 years now.
               | 
               | https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS014
               | 0-6...
               | 
               | The study was designed to show non-inferiority, which
               | doesn't preclude their ability to show an improvement. It
               | would be helpful to see other studies before determining
               | that proton therapy is better (or even non-inferior) to
               | radiation therapy. It's certainly much more expensive,
               | which shows up in the study as many subjects being denied
               | insurance coverage.
               | 
               | Edit: This is now in the weeds, but the per-protocol
               | participants didn't fare better than the intention-to-
               | treat participants, which one might expect since
               | insurance approval lead to dozens of subjects changing
               | treatment arms.
        
               | somethingsome wrote:
               | In Europe at least, many insurances cover it if you have
               | the right criterias.
               | 
               | From my visits, they mostly focus on children that have
               | some very nasty cancers, the IBA hospitals are all
               | designed with children in mind (to avoid stressing them),
               | and from my memory, a unique hospital is often enough to
               | treat a whole country for the kind of cancer they target.
               | 
               | Now, if it is on par with classical radiotherapy BUT it
               | gives less subsequent problems, it might be worth the
               | cost as subsequent problems can be as expensive or even
               | more than the original treatment. It becomes an actuarial
               | issue to know where is the tradeoff.
        
               | bonsai_spool wrote:
               | Yes, all of your points are presented as arguments to pay
               | for this (children, comorbodities, specialization,
               | specific cancers)
        
             | SoftTalker wrote:
             | > the Web was born there
             | 
             | The internet existed, hypertext existed, it was just
             | happenstance that it was put together there. It would have
             | happened somewhere, maybe not exactly the same protocol but
             | the same end result.
        
               | pjmlp wrote:
               | Indeed and we are all still waiting for Xanadu.
        
         | waihtis wrote:
         | So complain to your government about their spending. Probably
         | at least 30% of government spend is used on completely
         | worthless or fraudulent things.
         | 
         | It's good that someone is funding this stuff.
        
         | sampo wrote:
         | > findings can alter humanity itself
         | 
         | Higgs boson was predicted in theory in 1964, and found in LHC
         | in CERN in 2012-2013. With this, all elementary particles in
         | the standard model of particle physics have been found.
         | 
         | From the 1970s to 2010s, physicists believed in a theory called
         | supersymmetry, which predicted supersymmetric partner particles
         | for the known elementary particles. But these should have been
         | already found in the energies used in LHC.
         | 
         | For the first time, there is no mainstream theory that would
         | predict any new findings. Maybe the next bigger particle
         | collider will find no new particles at all?
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YlixMNBlQos
        
           | sandworm101 wrote:
           | A collider produces far more than new particles or
           | explanations. They produce papers and phds. In effect, thier
           | primary goal is to produce stem careers. The new particles
           | are just the public announcements. The collider doesnt even
           | need to be functional. Much/most of the work occures before
           | first light, before anyone turns it on. The design of the
           | ring and its innumerable detectors and subsystems takes
           | decades. So a great many people want the next collider to be
           | funded regardless of its potential for scientific discovery.
           | 
           | The same discussion can happen re the ISS. Its primary
           | purpose was not science. It existed to give shuttle a parking
           | spot, to keep the US manned space program ticking along and
           | to keep a thousand russian rocket people from going to work
           | for rando countries. The ISS will soon end. Are we going to
           | put up a new one? A place to park starliner and dragon? Or
           | are we going to shut down low earth orbit spaceflight? The
           | decision will not turn on the potential for new science,
           | rather it will be about supporting and maintaining a flagship
           | industry.
        
             | SecretDreams wrote:
             | > thousand russian rocket people from going to work for bad
             | people.
             | 
             | Just like for the Germans before!
             | 
             | I agree with you that it is an educational tool, but if
             | that's all it is, there are cheaper ways to educate that
             | might also have a higher likelihood for scientific
             | discoveries. To build a new collider, we should have some
             | things we're trying to do/find.
        
             | forgotpwd16 wrote:
             | >The same discussion can happen re the ISS. Its primary
             | purpose was not science.
             | 
             | But it's worth noting that many experiments took place on
             | ISS covering few domains, examples being AMS (cosmology),
             | CAL (quantum physics), SAFFIRE (combustion), and Veggie
             | (botany/sustainability).
        
               | sandworm101 wrote:
               | And the LHC did science too. But, in both cases, the
               | amount of science generated was not worth the money
               | and/or the same could have been acomplished at far lower
               | cost via other means.
        
           | westurner wrote:
           | > _Higgs boson was predicted in theory in 1964, and found in
           | LHC in CERN in 2012-2013. With this, all elementary particles
           | in the standard model of particle physics have been found._
           | 
           | Before LHC Large Hardron Collider (CERN), there were other
           | experiments with lower raw and final recorded data rates:
           | SppS (CERN; MB/s; 1-10 Hz), SLC (SLAC (Stanford); 50 MB/s; 2
           | Hz), LEP (CERN; 100 MB/s; 1-5 Hz), Tevatron (Fermilab
           | (Chicago); 250 GB/s, 100-400 Hz), HERA (DESY; 500 MB/s; 5-20
           | Hz), LHC CMS/ATLAS (CERN; 40 TB/s; 1000 Hz).
           | 
           | HL-LHC (CERN; 10X LHC;)
           | 
           | FCC-ee (CERN), FCC-hh (CERN)
           | 
           | Non-confirmed non-elementary particles of or not of the
           | Standard Model?
           | 
           | What about Superfluids and Supersolids (like spin-nematic
           | liquid crystals)? Are those just phases? Is the phase chart
           | for all particles complete?
        
         | T-A wrote:
         | > can alter humanity
         | 
         | or at least keep some of it warm:
         | 
         | https://home.cern/news/news/cern/heating-homes-worlds-larges...
        
       | dharma1 wrote:
       | "Eric Schmidt, who founded Google" no he didn't
        
         | mc32 wrote:
         | That kind of reporting is awful.
         | 
         | How is it they can't either go to Wikipedia or one of the LLMs
         | (despite hallucinations, tend to get simple things right) and
         | get some corroborating evidence before making such basic
         | mistakes on an article?
        
           | Forgeties79 wrote:
           | Man I can't even trust simple things these days from LLM's.
           | Hardly scientific but I just decided to do my own little test
           | one time when I was on discord talking to some friends about
           | The Game Awards back in December or so. ChatGPT would simply
           | omit winners and/or categories - got it wrong (twice the same
           | way, one unique way) 3 times. We tried Gemini, it gave 1
           | wrong answer and omitted 2 categories. It was impressive how
           | much worse than a basic search they were at a simple "what
           | were the results of the 2025 Game Awards?"
        
           | simianwords wrote:
           | You are right. ChatGPT doesn't catch this, instead catches
           | things like CERN having 25 member states instead of 24.
           | 
           | I would have expected it to catch it but it did not. I'm sure
           | pro version would have though.
        
         | giancarlostoro wrote:
         | I can understand the confusion since he was CEO for the
         | companies most critical years.
        
       | user3939382 wrote:
       | This should have a $1T budget not a B. We waste _so_ much money
       | on low efficiency computing infrastructure and energy that should
       | be going to this.
        
         | SecretDreams wrote:
         | Maybe we can just have the AI hardware make the discoveries for
         | us!
        
           | sandworm101 wrote:
           | A thousand gpus running a thousand LLMs will one day soon
           | give us the next shakespeare. It will all be worth it in the
           | end. Maybe we can try putting in on a blockchain.
        
             | SecretDreams wrote:
             | > Maybe we can try putting in on a blockchain.
             | 
             | Anything less would be a wasted opportunity!
        
             | TeapotNotKettle wrote:
             | " Perhaps my old age and fearfulness deceive me, but I
             | suspect that the human species - the unique species - is
             | about to be extinguished, but the Library will endure:
             | illuminated, solitary, infinite, perfectly motionless,
             | equipped with precious volumes, useless, incorruptible,
             | secret."
        
         | tgv wrote:
         | I have low expectations that physics can dig itself out of the
         | hole it dug by building an even larger collider. It's not worth
         | EUR1T to find out.
        
       | mike-the-mikado wrote:
       | As someone who supports pure science research, I would be
       | interested to understand if any of the discoveries of CERN (and
       | related projects) in the last 50 years (say) have proved to have
       | practical application.
       | 
       | (Specifically, "discoveries", not technology developed in support
       | of the research)
        
         | bryant wrote:
         | Before your edit:
         | 
         | The world wide web: https://home.cern/science/computing/birth-
         | web
         | 
         | certain medical imaging: https://home.cern/news/news/knowledge-
         | sharing/medipix-partic...
         | 
         | grid computing advances:
         | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S00104...
         | 
         | PIMMS: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4724719/
         | 
         | Medicis: https://home.cern/news/news/accelerators/cern-
         | accelerates-me...
         | 
         | FLASH radiotherapy: https://home.cern/news/news/knowledge-
         | sharing/cern-chuv-and-...
         | 
         | ---
         | 
         | After your edit:
         | 
         | No, not yet, but those are long tail efforts. The technologies
         | are the short term yield.
        
           | daveguy wrote:
           | I don't know why you were getting down voted for this.
           | Discovery during technological development of scientific
           | instrumentation is one of the greatest returns on investment
           | of funding pure science research. And like your sibling
           | comment says, the pure science helps direct applied science,
           | eg cutting edge materials science. Long tail, if for no other
           | reason, because its a whole other development process that
           | happens after the pure science.
        
           | hammock wrote:
           | It's an interesting question. After all we were using
           | electricity, batteries, electric motors, radios and
           | telegraphs long before we ever discovered electrons and
           | photons.
           | 
           | But discovering the electron was necessary for us to develop
           | vacuum tubes. And developing quantum mechanics was necessary
           | for developing transistors.
           | 
           | Think about the relative impact of the telegraph vs the
           | vacuum tube.
           | 
           | When we do eventually find something to do with the W and Z
           | bosons, it's likely to look more like a transistor-level tech
           | than an immediately practical tool like a lightbulb. But the
           | second-order effects from whatever that new tech turns out to
           | be, have the potential to be world-shattering.
        
             | Certhas wrote:
             | Quantum Mechanics, protons, electrons... That's the theory
             | of everyday matter. You don't need very special situations
             | to see their effects. Understanding the underlying
             | equations enabled us to do more with what we already have.
             | 
             | High energy stuff only exists unstably for fractions of
             | seconds. I find the idea that any of Standard Model
             | physics, nevermind beyond standard model physics, could
             | lead to a technological advance like the transistor
             | extremely unconvincing.
             | 
             | Technological advance and scientific advance sometimes
             | align. But there is no law that the former by necessity
             | follows from the former. The expectation that they do is an
             | extrapolation from a very brief period of human history.
        
         | mrtksn wrote:
         | With that kind of fundamental science I would expect no
         | practical applications but guidance for researchers that work
         | on practical applications.
         | 
         | There are many ideas on how the universe works, right? Knowing
         | which ideas are closer to the truth must be helpful to people
         | who work on nano scale stuff, like chips so fine that quantum
         | effect are considerable.
         | 
         | It must be somewhere between knowing if there's alien life or
         | not AND knowing that atoms can be split at sub particles at
         | will.
        
           | jocaal wrote:
           | What actually happens is, smart people are isolated from the
           | problems of the general population and work towards
           | meaningless goals at the cost of the everyday tax payer doing
           | unglamorous work to earn a living. Decoupling science from
           | the state will also reduce the meaningless competition of
           | academia that leads to the publish-or-perish and replication
           | crises, because the people who will be doing it, will do it
           | for the love of the game, regardless of social status and
           | money.
           | 
           | If you want to live in this world, you have to trade your
           | time and provide value to others. You shouldn't get a free
           | pass because, just because you convinced yourself and the
           | government that you're smarter than everyone else.
        
             | surgical_fire wrote:
             | This makes no sense.
             | 
             | "Decoupling science from the state" is just bullshit from
             | "government icky, taxation is theft" morons.
             | 
             | No, governments should definitely fund scientific research.
             | When it is public it is the only guarantee that it will
             | benefit everyone. Scientific research done by private
             | entities is kneecapped by their financial interests (and be
             | very sure they will bury any advance that jeopardize their
             | financial interests).
        
               | jocaal wrote:
               | How are radio telescopes and mars rovers in my interest?
               | How would you know what is in my interest? I worked for
               | my money so the person in the best position to judge what
               | is in my interest is me. I am sorry for you if that is
               | such a hard concept to understand.
        
               | CamperBob2 wrote:
               | It would be great if we had line-item vetoes on our tax
               | forms. However, we don't. You have to fund some things
               | you don't like or agree with, and so do I, and so do the
               | rest of the taxpayers.
               | 
               | That's just how taxes work. Like capitalism and
               | democracy, taxes suck, but nobody has come up with
               | adequate substitutes that check all the necessary boxes.
        
               | dgfl wrote:
               | You're free to vote towards your goals, or move to
               | countries which invest basically nothing in research.
               | There's plenty of them. I suspect you may not enjoy such
               | great quality of life there.
               | 
               | In case it wasn't a rhetorical question, they're in your
               | interest because through the process of building them we
               | improve our understanding of the world, develop new
               | technologies which the industrial system wouldn't have
               | backed, educate the next generation of engineers and
               | scientists, and inspire the kids that will form the
               | second next generation.
               | 
               | Private research already exists and works well in some
               | fields, mine included. But public research is just as
               | important since it can afford higher risk and longer
               | scope. You can't begin to count the startups that were
               | created as spin-offs of university research groups.
        
               | surgical_fire wrote:
               | Frankly, your particular interest is completely
               | irrelevant.
               | 
               | Scientific research is of societal interest, even if your
               | particular interest differ. The best you can do is vote
               | for parties that promise to shut down scientific
               | research, or find another group of likeminded morons and
               | form such a party with them.
               | 
               | If you disagree with the concept of taxes, well, sucks to
               | be you. May your desires never come to fruition, because
               | life would be hell.
        
               | patmorgan23 wrote:
               | So you think we shouldn't try to understand the world
               | around us?
        
             | roody15 wrote:
             | Agree this reminds me of the level my Herman Hesse "The
             | Glass Bead Game". Academics and researchers have a moral
             | duty to give back to the larger society that enables their
             | endeavors .
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Glass_Bead_Game
        
           | T-A wrote:
           | > Knowing which ideas are closer to the truth must be helpful
           | to people who work on nano scale stuff, like chips so fine
           | that quantum effect are considerable.
           | 
           | Sorry, no. That's solid state physics on inter-atomic scales:
           | tenths of nanometers, a handful of electronvolts. The LHC
           | probes physics at the electroweak scale: hundreds of billions
           | of electronvolts, billionths of nanometers. It has zero
           | relevance to anything of practical use.
        
             | dwaltrip wrote:
             | Isn't one of the limitations to transistor density quantum
             | tunneling?
        
               | dgfl wrote:
               | In a few cases and in a simplistic sense, yes. But the
               | point of the comment you're replying to still stands
               | completely. Quantum tunneling is nothing exotic and we
               | have plenty of devices exploiting the principle (e.g.
               | tunnel diodes). It was basically fully understood the
               | moment the Schrodinger equation appeared.
               | 
               | These accelerators are as large as they are to try and
               | find mismatches between theory and experiment. And even
               | then, we can explain virtually every experiment that the
               | LHC has conducted. If we did find something unexpected
               | with one of these colliders, it would only really apply
               | to experiments made in the collider. Particle physics is
               | irrelevant for everyday stuff since we already fully
               | understand everything involved.
        
         | port11 wrote:
         | Fundamental research is entwined with practical applications,
         | you can't have the later without the former. Europe is known
         | for FR, while everyone else seems to be better at
         | commercialising. It's alright, progress for us is progress for
         | everyone.
        
           | naasking wrote:
           | That's not an answer to the specific question asked. Not all
           | types of fundamental research have the same potential for
           | material benefits, or the same cost.
        
             | chmod775 wrote:
             | > Not all types of fundamental research have the same
             | potential for material benefits, or the same cost.
             | 
             | It is hard to gauge this is in advance though. If you were
             | sure what you were gonna find, it wouldn't be much of a
             | discovery. Historically it has sometimes been decades
             | before manufacturing and practical applications caught up
             | to frontier research. For an extreme example, mankind knew
             | of electricity in some form for 2400 years before doing
             | anything practical with it. If all the people who prodded
             | at it instead thought "man I can't imagine what this could
             | be useful for" and found something else to do with their
             | time, we'd live in a very different world.
             | 
             | Our civilization can afford to aim higher than incremental
             | improvements on pixel density for screens on which to
             | spectate people kicking a ball around. Personally I find
             | frontier discoveries to also have much greater
             | entertainment value than sports events and will happily
             | fund them with a tiny fraction of my tax dollars.
        
               | naasking wrote:
               | > It is hard to gauge this is in advance though. If you
               | were sure what you were gonna find, it wouldn't be much
               | of a discovery.
               | 
               | Virtually all previous particle discoveries were
               | predicted, and then we built devices to find them, eg.
               | the Higgs was predicted in the 1960s. There is no such
               | motivation here. There is no theoretical or significant
               | practical benefit for the FCC, it's basically a jobs
               | program.
               | 
               | There is better frontier research that could use those
               | funds for much better payoffs. For instance, just
               | sticking with particle physics, Wakefield accelerators
               | would be orders of magnitude smaller and cheaper than the
               | LHC while achieving the same energies. We've also never
               | built a muon collider, and so that's largely unexplored
               | territory.
               | 
               | We just don't need another radio frequency particle
               | collider, we've reached the limits of what they can do
               | within a reasonable research budget.
        
               | elashri wrote:
               | > Virtually all previous particle discoveries were
               | predicted
               | 
               | That's not true at all. To give just few examples.
               | 
               | Electron was not predicted but Thomson found it during
               | first fundamental particle discovered came from cathode-
               | ray experiments, not from a prior microscopic theory of
               | matte. Remember this was during thr 19th century.
               | 
               | Another one is the muon discovered in 1936 which was
               | detected as "heavy electron" in cosmic rays. it did not
               | fit any clear theoretical need in nuclear physics at the
               | time, leading Rabi to quip "Who ordered that?"
               | 
               | Heck there are many more examples that I will bypass the
               | comment limits if I tried to list them (resonances in
               | particular will be very numerous).
               | 
               | You can of course move the goal target by narrowing what
               | you mean by particle but this is exactly why physicists
               | try to define what they talk about before making an
               | argument.
               | 
               | > There is no such motivation here. There is no
               | theoretical or significant practical benefit for the FCC,
               | it's basically a jobs program.
               | 
               | Really? There is a huge volume of the feasibility study
               | about the physics program of FCC. Are you claiming that
               | it is false. Have you even read it?
        
         | biophysboy wrote:
         | No. It is purely a model tester.
        
         | colechristensen wrote:
         | This is such a weasel question because you can keep saying
         | whatever was new was "just technology" not pure discoveries.
         | 
         | No, there hasn't been any big "new physics" since the standard
         | model in the 70s, everything has been refinement and specifics.
         | You can't go to Walmart and buy something that couldn't exist
         | unless we knew the precise mass of the top quark or the Higgs
         | boson.
         | 
         | There have been a tremendous amount of developments and
         | technologies that have come out of CERN with varying degrees of
         | closeness to particle physics, but depending on who you're
         | talking to, most of them don't count.
         | 
         | >(Specifically, "discoveries", not technology developed in
         | support of the research)
         | 
         | Ok, but Tim Berners-Lee was working at CERN when he created
         | HTTP, HTML, etc.
         | 
         | The Internet through web browsers as you know it was created at
         | CERN in order to enable scientific communication and
         | collaboration.
        
           | mike-the-mikado wrote:
           | I was hoping that someone would be able to point me to some
           | practical technical advance enabled by discoveries or
           | measurements at CERN (or similar establishments).
           | 
           | It seems plausible to me that better understanding of the
           | properties the subatomic particles might enable some
           | previously unexploited technology (e.g. in quantum computing
           | or sensing).
        
         | dwaltrip wrote:
         | Why do you not count the technology developments needed to do
         | the research?
        
       | sva_ wrote:
       | Maybe this one will finally make a black hole that ends it all
       | 
       | https://hasthelargehadroncolliderdestroyedtheworldyet.com/
        
         | kachapopopow wrote:
         | https://hasthelargehadroncollidercreatedablackholeyet.com/
         | (Yep, of money)
        
         | lelandfe wrote:
         | source code has us at 89%
        
         | dawnerd wrote:
         | Or maybe just undo this weird timeline the last one put us in.
        
       | arthurfirst wrote:
       | it's already a black hole for funding
        
         | chrystalkey wrote:
         | Said the grumpy grandpa, shaking his hand at the cloudy sky. I
         | dont know what value that comment contributed, funding research
         | is always a long shot. And often times it fails, but that is
         | kinda its purpose, we dont know what we dont know.
        
           | mc32 wrote:
           | There's an abandoned one around Dallas, the SSC. Lots of
           | sunken cost in that one.
        
           | arthurfirst wrote:
           | your comment made me smile like a grandpa :)
           | 
           | Also lighten up! oh... damn black hole...
        
             | chrystalkey wrote:
             | Haha nice :) Yeah those black holes are everywhere these
             | days when you dont look...
        
           | crote wrote:
           | You could use the same argument to justify spending $1B on
           | searching for the Loch Ness Monster. The problem is, you can
           | only spend money once. If you're spending $1B on the FCC you
           | _aren 't_ spending that same $1B on all kinds of other
           | research.
           | 
           | With the LHC there was a very clear goal: verify the Standard
           | Model and prove (or disprove) the existence of the Higgs
           | boson - and hopefully discover some unexpected stuff along
           | the way. On the other hand, the FCC is mainly a shot in the
           | dark: they aren't validating a widely-accepted theory, they
           | are just _hoping_ that if you spend enough money on a bigger
           | collider something interesting will fall out.
           | 
           | Most research gives you at least _some_ insight. With the FCC
           | there is a very real possibility that the insight will be
           | "our $20B collider found absolutely nothing, now give us $1T
           | to build an even bigger one". Sure, funding research is a
           | long shot, but at a certain point you're just setting money
           | on fire.
        
             | chrystalkey wrote:
             | I see your point, but thats a really bad comparison. We are
             | pretty certain that there is no giant dinosaur in a lake,
             | but in terms of fundamental research there is a lot we
             | cannot really explain a great many things. We dont even
             | know if we are "looking" correctly, with the right concept
             | in mind.
             | 
             | I agree that money spending must be carefully considered,
             | but for this research there really is no replacement. You
             | can shuffle public spending around, but an Experiment not
             | dont will explain no part of the Universe. If the countries
             | and Supranationals that are able to dont fund them we will
             | be stuck with what we know now until they do.
             | 
             | It is a lot of money, but it is also the only way. Does
             | that meaningfully stop the EU and all others from doing
             | their thing? I would argue no. We can still afford it and
             | so we should.
        
             | whatshisface wrote:
             | That's not true. There are a huge number of theories that
             | would be falsified by a more precise measurement of the
             | Higgs mass.
        
           | jasonwatkinspdx wrote:
           | It's largely fans of Sabine Hossenfelder youtube channel,
           | where some years ago sadly she shifted into just being a
           | grifter selling conspiracy theories about the funding of
           | particle physics.
           | 
           | The audience here tends to vastly overweight contrarian near
           | conspiracy theory style stuff, so this sort of comment shows
           | up on literally every damn post about physics research.
        
             | chrystalkey wrote:
             | Dont be too harsh on the first comment, I'm Sure he's a
             | good guy. Interesting to see that hossenfelder thing, I
             | was'nt aware of it. Her videos got recommended to me but
             | title+thumb always felt like an over the top commentary
             | with more drama than actual problem to be aware of.
             | 
             | So I never clicked and at some point youtube stopped.
        
               | jasonwatkinspdx wrote:
               | Yeah, it's sad she went that direction, because her
               | educational videos that aren't agitpop are very good.
               | 
               | It's just another example of how the incentives on modern
               | social media pull people towards ragebait and other forms
               | of grift.
        
       | throwaway198846 wrote:
       | As a non physicist I like the idea of a moun collider more - more
       | compact (thus should be cheaper) as well as something which
       | haven't done in similar energy scales and therefore more likely
       | to need new technology in building it and finding something new.
        
       | assaddayinh wrote:
       | What changeable vectors are there except to scale up the energy
       | levels? Can particles be altered prior to collission with the
       | existing system to observe interesting effects?
        
         | naasking wrote:
         | Wakefield accelerators would be orders of magnitude smaller and
         | higher energy than radio frequency colliders like the FCC. If
         | it has to go to particle physics, this money would be better
         | spent on that research.
        
       | naasking wrote:
       | What a waste. So many more science experiments with better
       | expected ROI could be funded for the money needed for the FCC,
       | and we're not even expecting any significant new insights from
       | it.
        
         | astrobe_ wrote:
         | Sometimes you get huge value from things you _didn 't expect_
         | ;-)
        
           | naasking wrote:
           | 1. That's not an argument unless the evidence for these
           | payoffs is so huge as to dwarf the payoffs of 1000 smaller
           | experiments. There is no evidence of this.
           | 
           | 2. There is no world in which this applies to particle
           | physics at this point, especially using radio frequency
           | particle collider tech. This is known physics and there are
           | no mysteries in the regime the FCC would reach.
        
             | surgical_fire wrote:
             | Do you have evidence that "1000 smaller experiments" would
             | give payoffs?
             | 
             | And how do you measure payoffs? With how much money you get
             | in return? Should scientific research expect this?
        
               | naasking wrote:
               | Payoffs have many forms, the most important for pure
               | research being "advancement of knowledge". We have nearly
               | zero expectation of knowledge advancement from yet
               | another radio frequency collider.
        
         | z3ratul163071 wrote:
         | amen
        
       | z3ratul163071 wrote:
       | FCC is "physics" equivalent of easter island statues. Useless
       | resource sink with no perspective productive outcome whatsoever.
        
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