[HN Gopher] How AI assistance impacts the formation of coding sk...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       How AI assistance impacts the formation of coding skills
        
       Author : vismit2000
       Score  : 390 points
       Date   : 2026-01-30 05:41 UTC (17 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.anthropic.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.anthropic.com)
        
       | dr_dshiv wrote:
       | Go Anthropic for transparency and commitment to science.
       | 
       | Personally, I've never been learning software development
       | _concepts_ faster--but that's because I've been offloading actual
       | development to other people for years.
        
       | kaelandt wrote:
       | Nice to see an AI coding company allow such studies to come out,
       | and it looks decently designed
        
         | falloutx wrote:
         | Dont give them kudos, they are just trying to seem like a
         | "research" company while submitting bogus papers on arXiv (not
         | peer-reviewed)
        
       | jwr wrote:
       | The title of this submission is misleading, that's not what
       | they're saying. They said it doesn't show productivity gains for
       | inexperienced developers still gaining knowledge.
        
         | visarga wrote:
         | The study measures if participants learn the library, but what
         | they should study is if they learn effective coding agent
         | patterns to use the library well. Learning the library is not
         | going to be what we need in the future.
         | 
         | > "We collect self-reported familiarity with AI coding tools,
         | but we do not actually measure differences in prompting
         | techniques."
         | 
         | Many people drive cars without being able to explain how cars
         | work. Or use devices like that. Or interact with people who's
         | thinking they can't explain. Society works like that, it is
         | functional, does not work by full understanding. We need to
         | develop the functional part not the full understanding part. We
         | can write C without knowing the machine code.
         | 
         | You can often recognize a wrong note without being able to play
         | the piece, spot a logical fallacy without being able to
         | construct the valid argument yourself, catch a translation
         | error with much less fluency than producing the translation
         | would require. We need discriminative competence, not
         | generative.
         | 
         | For years I maintained a library for formatting dates and
         | numbers (prices, ints, ids, phones), it was a pile of regex but
         | I maintained hundreds of test cases for each type of parsing.
         | And as new edge cases appeared, I added them to my tests, and
         | iterated to keep the score high. I don't fully understand my
         | own library, it emerged by scar accumulation. I mean, yes I can
         | explain any line, but why these regexes in this order is a data
         | dependent explanation I don't have anymore, all my edits run in
         | loop with tests and my PRs are sent only when the score is
         | good.
         | 
         | Correctness was never grounded in understanding the
         | implementation. Correctness was grounded in the test suite.
        
           | gjadi wrote:
           | Interesting argument.
           | 
           | But isn't the corrections of those errors that are valuable
           | to society and get us a job?
           | 
           | People can tell they found a bug or give a description about
           | what they want from a software, yet it requires skills to fix
           | the bugs and to build software. Though LLMs can speedup the
           | process, expert human judgment is still required.
        
             | visarga wrote:
             | I think the kind of judgement required here is to design
             | ways to test the code without inspecting it manually line
             | by line, that would be walking a motorcycle, and you would
             | be only vibe-testing. That is why we have seen the
             | FastRender browser and JustHTML parser - the testing part
             | was solved upfront, so AI could go nuts implementing.
        
               | northfield27 wrote:
               | I partially agree, but I don't think "design ways to test
               | the code without inspecting it manually line by line" is
               | a good strategy.
               | 
               | Tests only cover cases you already know to look for. In
               | my experience, many important edge cases are discovered
               | by reading the implementation and noticing hidden
               | assumptions or unintended interactions.
               | 
               | When something goes wrong, understanding why almost
               | always requires looking at the code, and that
               | understanding is what informs better tests.
        
               | visarga wrote:
               | Another possibility is to implement the same spec twice,
               | and do differential testing, you can catch diverging
               | assumptions and clarify them.
        
               | northfield27 wrote:
               | Isn't that too much work?
               | 
               | Instead, just learning concepts with AI and then using HI
               | (Human Intelligence) & AI to solve the problem at hand--
               | by going through code line by line and writing tests - is
               | a better approach productivity-, correctness-,
               | efficiency-, and skill-wise.
               | 
               | I can only think of LLMs as fast typists with some domain
               | knowledge.
               | 
               | Like typists of government/legal documents who know how
               | to format documents but cannot practice law. Likewise,
               | LLMs are code typists who can write good/decent/bad code
               | but cannot practice software engineering - we need, and
               | will need, a human for that.
        
             | another-dave wrote:
             | I think there's different levels to look at it.
             | 
             | If you know that you need O(n) "contains" checks and O(1)
             | retrieval for items, for a given order of magnitude, it
             | feels like you've all the pieces of the puzzle needed to
             | make sure you keep the LLM on the straight and narrow, even
             | if you didn't know off the top of your head that you should
             | choose ArrayList.
             | 
             | Or if you know that string manipulation might be memory
             | intensive so you write automated tests around it for your
             | order of magnitude, it probably doesn't really matter if
             | you didn't know to choose StringBuilder.
             | 
             | That feels different to e.g. not knowing the difference
             | between an array list and linked list (or the concept of
             | time/space complexity) in the first place.
        
               | gjadi wrote:
               | My gut feeling is that, without wrestling with data
               | structures at least once (e.g. during a course), then
               | that knowledge about complexity will be cargo cult.
               | 
               | When it comes to fundamentals, I think it's still worth
               | the investment.
               | 
               | To paraphrase, "months of prompting can save weeks of
               | learning".
        
           | discreteevent wrote:
           | > Many people drive cars without being able to explain how
           | cars work.
           | 
           | But the fundamentals all cars behave the same way all the
           | time. Imagine running a courier company where sometimes the
           | vehicles take a random left turn.
           | 
           | > Or interact with people who's thinking they can't explain
           | 
           | Sure but they trust those service providers because they are
           | reliable . And the reason that they are reliable is that the
           | service providers can explain their own thinking to
           | themselves. Otherwise their business would be chaos and
           | nobody would trust them.
           | 
           | How you approached your library was practical given the use
           | case. But can you imagine writing a compiler like this? Or
           | writing an industrial automation system? Not only would it be
           | unreliable but it would be extremely slow. It's much faster
           | to deal with something that has a consistent model that
           | attempts to distill the essence of the problem, rather than
           | patching on hack by hack in response to failed test after
           | failed test.
        
           | 2sk21 wrote:
           | You can, most certainly, drive a car without understanding
           | how it works. A pilot of an aircraft on the other hand needs
           | a fairly detailed understanding of the subsystems in order to
           | effectively fly it.
           | 
           | I think being a programmer is closer to being an aircraft
           | pilot than a car driver.
        
             | northfield27 wrote:
             | Agreed
        
             | iammjm wrote:
             | Sure, if you are a pilot then that makes sense. But what if
             | you are a company that uses planes to deliver goods? Like
             | when the focus shifts from the thing itself to its output
        
         | concats wrote:
         | I agree. It's very missleading. Here's what the authors
         | actually say:
         | 
         | > _AI assistance produces significant productivity gains across
         | professional domains, particularly for novice workers._ Yet how
         | this assistance affects the development of skills required to
         | effectively supervise AI remains unclear. _Novice workers who
         | rely heavily on AI to complete unfamiliar tasks may compromise
         | their own skill acquisition in the process._ We conduct
         | randomized experiments to study how developers gained mastery
         | of a new asynchronous programming library with and without the
         | assistance of AI. We find that AI use impairs conceptual
         | understanding, code reading, and debugging abilities, without
         | delivering significant efficiency gains on average.
         | _Participants who fully delegated coding tasks showed some
         | productivity improvements, but at the cost of learning the
         | library._ We identify six distinct AI interaction patterns,
         | three of which involve cognitive engagement and preserve
         | learning outcomes even when participants receive AI assistance.
         | Our findings suggest that AI-enhanced productivity is not a
         | shortcut to competence and AI assistance should be carefully
         | adopted into workflows to preserve skill formation --
         | particularly in safety-critical domains.
        
           | danbruc wrote:
           | That itself sounds contradictory to me.
           | 
           |  _I assistance produces significant productivity gains across
           | professional domains, particularly for novice workers._
           | 
           |  _We find that AI use impairs conceptual understanding, code
           | reading, and debugging abilities, without delivering
           | significant efficiency gains on average._
           | 
           | Are the two sentences talking about non-overlapping domains?
           | Is there an important distinction between productivity and
           | efficiency gains? Does one focus on novice users and one on
           | experienced ones? Admittedly did not read the paper yet,
           | might be clearer than the abstract.
        
             | torginus wrote:
             | That doesn't really line up with my experience, I wanted to
             | debug a CMake file recently, having done no such thing
             | before - AI helped me walk through the potential issues,
             | explaining what I got wrong.
             | 
             | I learned a lot more in a short amount of time than I
             | would've stumbling around on my own.
             | 
             | Afaik its been known for a long time that the most
             | effective way of learning a new skill, is to get private
             | tutoring from an expert.
        
               | hxugufjfjf wrote:
               | Has the claim in your third paragraph been backed by
               | research? Not snark, genuinely curious. I have some
               | anecdotal, personal experience backing it up.
        
               | yoz-y wrote:
               | This highly depends on your current skill level and
               | amount of motivation. AI is not a private tutor as AI
               | will not actually verify that you have learned anything,
               | unless you prompt it. Which means that you must not only
               | know what exactly to search for (arguably already an
               | advanced skill in CS) but also know how tutoring works.
        
               | torginus wrote:
               | My skill level when it comes to CMake is just north of
               | nonexistent, but I was highly motivated as it kinda
               | blocked me in what I actually wanted to do.
        
             | mold_aid wrote:
             | Not seeing the contradiction. The two sentences suggest a
             | distinction between novice task completion and supervisory
             | (ie, mastery) work. "The role of workers often shifts from
             | performing the task to supervising the task" is the second
             | sentence in the report.
             | 
             | The research question is: "Although the use of AI tools may
             | improve productivity for these engineers, would they also
             | inhibit skill formation? More specifically, does an AI-
             | assisted task completion workflow prevent engineers from
             | gaining in-depth knowledge about the tools used to complete
             | these tasks?" This hopefully makes the distinction more
             | clear.
             | 
             | So you can say "this product helps novice workers complete
             | tasks more efficiently, regardless of domain" while also
             | saying "unfortunately, they remain stupid." The
             | introductiory lit review/context setting cites prior
             | studies to establish "ok coders complete tasks efficiently
             | with this product." But then they say, "our study finds
             | that they can't answer questions." They have to say
             | "earlier studies find that there were productivity gains"
             | in order to say "do these gains extend to other skills?
             | Maybe not!"
        
             | capnrefsmmat wrote:
             | The first sentence is a reference to prior research work
             | that has found those productivity gains, not a summary of
             | the experiment conducted in this paper.
        
         | omnicognate wrote:
         | I agree the title should be changed, but as I commented on the
         | dupe of this submission learning is not something that happens
         | as a beginner, student or "junior" programmer and then stops.
         | The job is learning, and after 25 years of doing it I learn
         | more per day than ever.
        
           | mold_aid wrote:
           | The study doesn't argue that you stopped learning.
        
             | omnicognate wrote:
             | I didn't say it did. I just pointed out that learning
             | effectively isn't only a concern for "inexperienced
             | developers still gaining knowledge".
        
         | emsign wrote:
         | > They said it doesn't show productivity gains for
         | inexperienced developers still gaining knowledge.
         | 
         | But that's what "impairs learning" means.
        
       | baalimago wrote:
       | I've noticed this as well. I delegate to agentic coders on tasks
       | I need to have done efficiently, which I could do myself and lack
       | time to do. Or on tasks which are in areas I simply don't care
       | much for, for languages which I don't like very much etc
        
       | omnicognate wrote:
       | An important aspect of this for professional programmers is that
       | learning is not something that happens as a beginner, student or
       | "junior" and then stops. The _job_ is learning, and after 25
       | years of doing it I learn more per day than ever.
        
         | cyclotron3k wrote:
         | I've reached a steady state where the rate of learning matches
         | the rate of forgetting
        
           | TeMPOraL wrote:
           | That's one of several possibilities. I've reached a different
           | steady state - one where the velocity of work exceeds the
           | rate at which I can learn enough to fully understand the task
           | at hand.
        
           | bryanrasmussen wrote:
           | to fix that you basically need to switch specialty or focus.
           | A difficult thing to do if you are employed of course.
        
           | sph wrote:
           | How old are you? At 39 (20 years of professional experience)
           | I've forgotten more things in this field than I'm comfortable
           | with today. I find it a bit sad that I've completely lost my
           | Win32 reverse engineering skills I had in my teens, which
           | have been replaced by nonsense like Kubernetes and aligning
           | content with CSS Grid.
           | 
           | And I must admit my appetite in learning new technologies has
           | lessened dramatically in the past decade; to be fair, it gets
           | to a point that most new ideas are just rehashing of older
           | ones. When you know half a dozen programming languages or web
           | frameworks, the next one takes you a couple hours to get
           | comfortable with.
        
             | doix wrote:
             | > I've forgotten more things in this field than I'm
             | comfortable with today. I find it a bit sad that I've
             | completely lost my Win32 reverse engineering skills I had
             | in my teens
             | 
             | I'm a bit younger (33) but you'd be surprised how fast it
             | comes back. I hadn't touched x86 assembly for probably 10
             | years at one point. Then someone asked a question in a
             | modding community for an ancient game and after spending a
             | few hours it mostly came back to me.
             | 
             | I'm sure if you had to reverse engineer some win32
             | applications, it'd come back quickly.
        
               | mickeyp wrote:
               | SoftICE gang represent :-)
               | 
               | That's a skill onto itself, and I mean the general stuff
               | does not fade or at least come back quickly. But there's
               | a lot of the tail end that's just difficult to recall
               | because it's obscure.
               | 
               | How exactly did I hook Delphi apps' TForm handling system
               | instead of breakpointing GetWindowTextA and friends? I
               | mean... I just cannot remember. It wasn't super easy
               | either.
        
               | Agentlien wrote:
               | I want to second this. I'm 38 and I used to do some
               | debugging and reverse engineering during my university
               | days (2006-2011). Since then I've mainly avoided looking
               | at assembly since I mostly work in C++ systems or HLSL.
               | 
               | These last few months, however, I've had to spend a lot
               | of time debugging via disassembly for my work. It felt
               | really slow at first, but then it came back to me and now
               | it's really natural again.
        
             | nkrisc wrote:
             | You can't keep infinite knowledge in your brain. You forget
             | skills you don't use. Barring some pathology, if you're
             | doing something every day you won't forget it.
             | 
             | If you've forgotten your Win32 reverse engineering skills
             | I'm guessing you haven't done much of that in a long time.
             | 
             | That said, it's hard to truly forget something once you've
             | learned it. If you had to start doing it again today, you'd
             | learn it much faster this time than the first.
        
               | Wowfunhappy wrote:
               | > You can't keep infinite knowledge in your brain.
               | 
               | For what it's worth--it's not entirely clear that this is
               | true: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperthymesia
               | 
               | The human brain seemingly has the capability to remember
               | (virtually?) infinite amounts of information. It's just
               | that most of us... don't.
        
               | nkrisc wrote:
               | > It's just that most of us... don't.
               | 
               | Ok, so my statement is essentially correct.
               | 
               | Most of us can not keep infinite information in our
               | brain.
        
               | ploum wrote:
               | It is also a matter of choice. I don't remember any news
               | trivia, I don't engage with "people news" and, to be
               | honest, I forget a lot of what people tell me about
               | random subject.
               | 
               | It has two huge benefits: nearly infinite memory for
               | truly interesting stuff and still looking friendly to
               | people who tell me the same stuff all the times.
               | 
               | Side-effect: my wife is not always happy that I forgot
               | about "non-interesting" stuff which are still important
               | ;-)
        
               | Wowfunhappy wrote:
               | I do take your point. But the point I'm trying to
               | emphasize is that the brain isn't like a hard drive that
               | fills up. It's a muscle that can potentially hold more.
               | 
               | I'm not sure if this is in the Wikipedia article, but
               | when I last read about this, years ago, there seemed to
               | be a link between Hyperthymesia and OCD. Brain scans
               | suggested the key was in how these individuals _organize_
               | the information in their brain, so that it's easy for
               | them retrieve.
               | 
               | Before the printing press was common, it was common for
               | scholars to memorize entire books. I _absolutely_ cannot
               | do this. When technology made memorization less
               | necessary, our memories _shrank_. Actually shrank, not
               | merely changing what facts to focus on.
               | 
               | And to be clear, I would never advocate going back to the
               | middle ages! But we did lose something.
        
               | nkrisc wrote:
               | There must be _some_ physical limit to our cognitive
               | capacity.
               | 
               | We can "store" infinite numbers by using our numeral
               | system as a generator of sorts for whatever the next
               | number must be without actually having to remember
               | infinite numbers, but I do not believe it would be
               | physically possible to literally remember every item in
               | some infinite set.
               | 
               | Sure, maybe we've gotten lazy about memorizing things and
               | our true capacity is higher (maybe very much so), but
               | there is still some limit.
               | 
               | Additionally, the practical limit will be very different
               | for different people. Our brains are not all the same.
        
               | Wowfunhappy wrote:
               | I agree, it must not be literally infinite, I shouldn't
               | have said that. But it may be _effectively_ infinite. My
               | strong suspicion is that most of us are nowhere close to
               | whatever the limit is.
               | 
               | Think about how we talk about exercise. Yes, there
               | probably is a theoretical limit to how fast any human
               | could run, and _maybe_ Olympic athletes are close to
               | that, but most of us aren't. Also, if you want your arms
               | to get stronger, it isn't bad to also exercise your legs;
               | your leg muscles don't somehow pull strength away from
               | your arm muscles.
        
               | nkrisc wrote:
               | > your leg muscles don't somehow pull strength away from
               | your arm muscles.
               | 
               | No, but the limiting factor is the amount of stored
               | energy available in your body. You could exhaust your
               | energy stores using only your legs and left barely able
               | to use your arms (or anything else).
               | 
               | If we've offloaded our memory capacity to external means
               | of rapid recall (ex. the internet) then what have we
               | gained in response? Breadth of knowledge? Increased
               | reasoning abilities? More energy for other kinds of
               | mental work? Because there's no cheating thermodynamics,
               | even thinking uses energy. Or are we just simply
               | radiating away that unused energy as heat and wasting
               | that potential?
        
               | Flatterer3544 wrote:
               | It's not that you forget, it's more that it gets
               | archived.
               | 
               | If you moved back to a country you hadn't lived or spoken
               | its language in for 10 years, you would find yourself
               | that you don't have to relearn it, and it would come back
               | quickly.
               | 
               | Also information is supposedly almost infinite, as with
               | increased efficiency as you learn, it makes volume limits
               | redundant.
        
               | tovej wrote:
               | 1) That's not infinite, just vast
               | 
               | 2) Hyperthymesia is about remembering specific events in
               | your past, not about retaining conceptual knowledge.
        
               | thesz wrote:
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8kUQWuK1L4w
               | 
               | APL inventor says that he was developing not a
               | programming language, but notation to express as much
               | problems as one can. He found that expressing more and
               | more problems with the notation first made notation grow,
               | then notation size started to shrink.
               | 
               | To develop conceptual knowledge (when one's "notation"
               | starts to shrink) one has to have some good memory (re-
               | expressing more and more problems).
        
               | tovej wrote:
               | The point is that this particular type of exceptional
               | memory has nothing to do with conceptual knowledge, it's
               | all about experiences. This particular condition also
               | makes you focus on your own past to an excessive amount,
               | which would distract you from learning new technologies.
               | 
               | You can't model systems in your mind using past
               | experiences, at least not reliably and repeatedly.
        
               | pixl97 wrote:
               | You can't store an infinite amount of entropy in a finite
               | amount of space outside of a singularity, well or at
               | least attempting to do that will cause a singularity.
               | 
               | Compression/algorithms don't save you here either. The
               | algorithm for pi is very short, pulling up any particular
               | randomm digit of pi still requires the expenditure of
               | some particular amount of entropy.
        
               | AstroBen wrote:
               | It's entirely possible for this to be literally false,
               | but practically true
               | 
               | The important question is can you learn enough in a
               | standard human lifetime to "fill up your knowledge bank"?
        
             | thesz wrote:
             | > When you know half a dozen programming languages or web
             | frameworks, the next one takes you a couple hours to get
             | comfortable with.
             | 
             | Learn yourself relational algebra. It invariantly will lead
             | you to optimization problems and these will also
             | invariantly lead you to equality saturation that is most
             | effectively implemented with... generalized join from
             | relational algebra!
             | 
             | Also, relational algebra implements content-addressable
             | storage (CAS), which is essential for data flow computing
             | paradigm. Thus, you will have a window into CPU design.
             | 
             | At 54 (36 years of professional experience) I find these
             | rondos fascinating.
        
             | steve_adams_86 wrote:
             | > I must admit my appetite in learning new technologies has
             | lessened dramatically in the past decade;
             | 
             | I felt like that for a while, but I seem to be finding new
             | challenges again. Lately I've been deep-diving on data
             | pipelines and embedded systems. Sometimes I find problems
             | that are easy enough to solve by brute force, but elegant
             | solutions are not obvious at all. It's a lot of fun.
             | 
             | It could be that you're way ahead of me and I'll wind up
             | feeling like that again.
        
           | everdrive wrote:
           | But just think, there's a whole new framework that isn't
           | better but is trendy. You can recycle a lot of your knowledge
           | and "learn new things" that won't matter in five years. Isn't
           | that great?
        
           | epolanski wrote:
           | I use spaced repetition for stuff I care for.
           | 
           | I use remnote for that.
           | 
           | I write cards and quizzes for all kind of stuff, and I tend
           | to retain it for years after having it practiced with the low
           | friction of spaced repetition.
        
         | dude250711 wrote:
         | _> The job is learning..._
         | 
         | I could have sworn I was meant to be _shipping_ all this
         | time...
        
           | rTX5CMRXIfFG wrote:
           | Have you been nothing more than a junior contributor all this
           | time? Because as you mature professionally your knowledge of
           | the system should also be growing
        
             | MyHonestOpinon wrote:
             | It seems to me that now days software engineers move a lot
             | more. Either within a company or to other companies.
             | Furthermore, companies do not seem to care and they are
             | always stuck on a learning loop where engineers are
             | competent enough to make modifications and able to add new
             | code but without deep insights where they can improve the
             | fundamental abstractions of the system. Meanwhile even
             | seniors with 25+ years of experience are noobs when they
             | approaching a new system.
        
         | emil-lp wrote:
         | I worked as an "advisor" for programmers in a large company.
         | Our mantra there was that programming and development of
         | software is mainly _acquiring knowledge_ (ie learning?).
         | 
         | One take-away for us from that viewpoint was that _knowledge_
         | in fact is more important than the lines of code in the repo.
         | We 'd rather lose the source code than the knowledge of our
         | workers, so to speak.
         | 
         | Another point is that when you use consultants, you get lines
         | of codes, whereas the consultancy company ends up with the
         | knowledge!
         | 
         | ... And so on.
         | 
         | So, I wholeheartedly agree that programming is learning!
        
           | teiferer wrote:
           | > We'd rather lose the source code than the knowledge of our
           | workers, so to speak.
           | 
           | Isn't large amounts of required institutional knowledge
           | typically a problem?
        
             | emil-lp wrote:
             | It was a "high tech domain", so institutional knowledge was
             | required, problem or not.
             | 
             | We had domain specialists with decades of experience and
             | knowledge, and we looked at our developers as the "glue"
             | between domain knowledge and computation (modelling,
             | planning and optimization software).
             | 
             | You can try to make this glue have little knowledge, or
             | lots of knowledge. We chose the latter and it worked well
             | for us.
             | 
             | But I was only in that one company, so I can't really tell.
        
           | mlrtime wrote:
           | >One take-away for us from that viewpoint was that knowledge
           | in fact is more important than the lines of code in the repo.
           | We'd rather lose the source code than the knowledge of our
           | workers, so to speak.
           | 
           | Isn't this the opposite of how large tech companies operate?
           | They can churn develops in/out very quickly, hire-to-fire,
           | etc... but the code base lives on. There is little incentive
           | to keep institutional knowledge. The incentives are PRs
           | pushed and value landed.
        
             | emil-lp wrote:
             | That might be the case for USA, but this was in a country
             | with practically no firing.
        
           | 1718627440 wrote:
           | Obligatory link: https://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~remzi/Naur.pdf
        
         | hnthrow0287345 wrote:
         | It can be I guess, but I think it's more about solving
         | problems. You can fix a lot of peoples' problems by shipping
         | different flavors of the same stuff that's been done before. It
         | feels more like a trade.
         | 
         | People naturally try to use what they've learned but sometimes
         | end up making things more complicated than they really needed
         | to be. It's a regular problem even excluding the people
         | intentionally over-complicating things for their resume to get
         | higher paying jobs.
        
       | simonw wrote:
       | I wonder why these Anthropic researchers chose GPT-4o for their
       | study.
        
         | simianwords wrote:
         | This is really strange and warrants some skepticism
        
           | fragmede wrote:
           | Anthropic paid a team to do a project, and gave them leeway
           | to do it how they wanted. If anything, it's a good signal
           | that Anthropic didn't lean on the scale to have the results
           | go in their favor.
        
             | hxugufjfjf wrote:
             | Isn't it technically in their favor if competition is
             | proven bad, even if it would be equally easy to prove their
             | product likely equally bad or even worse?
        
         | segh wrote:
         | Far far more people use ChatGPT than Claude.ai
        
       | simonw wrote:
       | Key snippet from the abstract:
       | 
       | > Novice workers who rely heavily on AI to complete unfamiliar
       | tasks may compromise their own skill acquisition in the process.
       | We conduct randomized experiments to study how developers gained
       | mastery of a new asynchronous programming library with and
       | without the assistance of AI. We find that AI use impairs
       | conceptual understanding, code reading, and debugging abilities,
       | without delivering significant efficiency gains on average.
       | 
       | The library in question was Python trio and the model they used
       | was GPT-4o.
        
       | vessenes wrote:
       | @dang the title here is bait. I'd suggest the paper title:
       | "Anthropic: How AI Impacts Skill Formation"
        
         | fragmede wrote:
         | This isn't Twitter. email hn@ycombinator.com
        
       | grahamlee wrote:
       | I've been making the case (e.g.
       | https://youtu.be/uL8LiUu9M64?si=-XBHFMrz99VZsaAa [1]) that we
       | have to be intentional about using AI to augment our skills,
       | rather than outsourcing understanding: great to see Anthropic
       | confirming that.
       | 
       | [1] plug: this is a video about the Patreon community I founded
       | to do exactly that. Just want to make sure you're aware that's
       | the pitch before you do ahead and watch.
        
       | MzxgckZtNqX5i wrote:
       | Duplicate?
       | 
       | Submission about the arXiv pre-print:
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=46821360
        
       | comrade1234 wrote:
       | Often when I use it I know that there is a way to do something
       | and I know that I could figure it out by going through some api
       | documents and maybe finding some examples on the web... IOW I
       | already have something in mind.
       | 
       | For example I wanted to add a rate-limiter to an api call with
       | proper http codes, etc. I asked the ai (in IntelliJ it used to be
       | Claude by default but they've since switched to Gemini as
       | default) to generate one for me. The first version was not good
       | so I asked it to do it again but with some changes.
       | 
       | What would take me a couple of hours or more took less than 10
       | minutes.
        
         | drooby wrote:
         | Exactly this.
         | 
         | I'm starting to believe that people who think AI-generated code
         | is garbage actually don't know how to code.
         | 
         | I hit about 10 years of coding experience right before AI hit
         | the scene, which I guess makes me lucky. I know, with high
         | confidence, what I want my code to look like, and I make the AI
         | do it. And it does it damn well and damn fast.
         | 
         | I think I sit at a unique point for leveraging AI best. Too
         | junior and you create "working monsters." Meanwhile,
         | Engineering Managers and Directors treat it like humans, but
         | it's not AGI yet.
        
       | northfield27 wrote:
       | Edit: Changed title
       | 
       | Previous title: "Anthropic: AI Coding shows no productivity
       | gains; impairs skill development"
       | 
       | The previous title oversimplified the claim to "all" developers.
       | I found the previous title meaningful while submitting this post
       | because most of the false AI claims of "software engineer is
       | finished" has mostly affected junior `inexperienced` engineers.
       | But I think `junior inexperienced` was implicit which many people
       | didn't pick.
       | 
       | The paper makes a more nuanced claim that AI Coding speeds up
       | work for inexperienced developers, leading to some productivity
       | gains at the cost of actual skill development.
        
       | reedf1 wrote:
       | This is a fancy way of saying that if you invent the calculator,
       | people get worse at sums. I'm not an AI doomer or a boomer - but
       | it's clear to me that some skills will be permanently relegated
       | to AI.
        
         | lionkor wrote:
         | Yes, except the calculator is right 100% of the time. LLMs are
         | right ??% of the time, where ?? constantly changes, changes
         | with prompts, etc.
        
           | ares623 wrote:
           | For $100/hour I can fill in those gaps for you!
        
       | visarga wrote:
       | Many say generative AI is like a vending machine. But if your
       | vending machine has not 1 button but a keyboard, and you type
       | anything you want in, and it makes it (Star Trek Replicator) and
       | you use it 10,000 times to refine your recipes, did you learn
       | something or not? How about a 3D printer, do you learn something
       | making designs and printing them?
        
         | northfield27 wrote:
         | Instead of "vending machine", I see many people calling
         | generative AI "slot machine", which more aptly describes
         | current genAI tools.
         | 
         | Yes, we can use it 10,000 times to refine our recipes, but "did
         | we learn from it"? I am doubtful about that, given that even
         | after running with the same prompt 10 times, it will give
         | different answers in 8/10 responses.
         | 
         | But I am very confident that I can learn by iterating and
         | printing designs on a 3D printer.
        
         | hahahahhaah wrote:
         | 3d printer: you learn something of you make CAD designs
         | yourself and print them yes. It is a skill.
        
         | latexr wrote:
         | Star Trek replicators were deterministic. They had a library of
         | things they could replicate that your programmed in and that's
         | the extent of what they could do. They replicated to the
         | molecular level, no matter how many times you ask for
         | something, you got the exact same thing. You'd never ask for a
         | raktajino and get a raw steak. In the rare instances where they
         | misbehaved as a plot point, they were treated as being broken
         | and needing fixing, no one ever suggested "try changing your
         | prompt, or ask it seventeen times until you get what you want".
        
       | gezman7 wrote:
       | They lost me in the abstract when said "AI increase productivity
       | especially with novice workers" From my experience, it was the
       | most experienced and fluent in the engineering world who gained
       | the most value from AI.
        
       | gergo_b wrote:
       | When I use AI to write code, after a week or 2, if I go back to
       | the written code I have a hard time catching up. When I write
       | code by myself I always just look at it and I understand what I
       | did.
        
         | northfield27 wrote:
         | ++Hard Agree.
        
         | jackdoe wrote:
         | a program is function of the programmer, how you code is how
         | you think. that is why it is really difficult, even after 60
         | years, for multiple people to work on the same codebase, over
         | the years we have made all kinds of rules and processess so
         | that code written by one person can be understood and changed
         | by another.
         | 
         | you can also read human code and empathise what were they
         | thinking while writing it
         | 
         | AI code is not for humans, it is just a stream of tokens that
         | do something, you need to build skills to empirically verify
         | that it does what you think it does, but it is pointless to
         | "reason" about it.
        
         | AstroBen wrote:
         | Not only do I have a hard time catching up, but it's like I'm
         | looking at a codebase I've never seen before, even though I
         | absolutely reviewed the code before committing
        
       | keeda wrote:
       | Another study from 2024 with similar findings:
       | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/10/4115 -- a bit more
       | preliminary, but conducted with undergrad students still learning
       | to program, so I expect the effect would be even more pronounced.
       | 
       | This similarly indicates that reliance on LLM correlates with
       | degraded performance in critical problem-solving, coding and
       | debugging skills. On the bright side, using LLMs as a
       | supplementary learning aid (e.g. clarifying doubts) showed no
       | negative impact on critical skills.
       | 
       | This is why I'm skeptical of people excited about "AI native"
       | junior employees coming in and revamping the workplace. I haven't
       | yet seen any evidence that AI can be effectively harnessed
       | without some domain expertise, and I'm seeing mounting evidence
       | that relying too much on it hinders building that expertise.
       | 
       | I think those who wish to become experts in a domain would
       | willingly eschew using AI in their chosen discipline until
       | they've "built the muscles."
        
       | postalcoder wrote:
       | One of the nice things about the "dumber" models (like GPT-4) was
       | that it was good enough to get you really far, but never enough
       | to complete the loop. It gave you maybe 90%. 20% of which you had
       | to retrace -- so you had to do 30% of the tough work yourself,
       | which meant manually learning things from scratch.
       | 
       | The models are too good now. One thing I've noticed recently is
       | that I've stopped dreaming about tough problems, be it code or
       | math. The greatest feeling in the world is pounding your head
       | against a problem for a couple of days and waking up the next
       | morning with the solution sketched out in your mind.
       | 
       | I don't think the solution is to be going full natty with things,
       | but to work more alongside the code in an editor, rather than
       | doing things in CLI.
        
         | Oras wrote:
         | You still have the system design skills, and so far, LLMs are
         | not that good in this field.
         | 
         | They can give plausible architecture but most of the time it's
         | not usable if you're starting from scratch.
         | 
         | When you design the system, you're an architect not a coder, so
         | I see no difference between handing the design to agents or
         | other developers, you've done the heavy lifting.
         | 
         | In that perspective, I find LLMs quite useful for learning. But
         | instead of coding, I find myself in long sessions back and
         | forth to ask questions, requesting examples, sequence diagrams
         | .. etc to visualise the final product.
        
           | Thanemate wrote:
           | I see this argument all the time, and while it sounds great
           | on paper (you're an architect now, not a developer) people
           | forget (or omit?) that a product needs far fewer architects
           | than developers, meaning the workforce gets in fact trimmed
           | down thanks to AI advancements.
        
             | iamflimflam1 wrote:
             | I would also point out that a lot of real world problems
             | don't need a complex architecture. They just need to follow
             | some well established patterns.
             | 
             | It is a pattern matching problem and that seems to me to be
             | something AI is/will be particularly good at.
             | 
             | Maybe it won't be the perfect architecture, or the most
             | efficient implementation. But that doesn't seem to have
             | stopped many companies before.
        
         | boredemployee wrote:
         | The big issue I see coming is that leadership will care less
         | and less about people, and more about shipping features faster
         | and faster. In other words, those that are still learning their
         | craft are fucked up.
         | 
         | The amount of context switching in my day-to-day work has
         | become insane. There's this culture of "everyone should be able
         | to do everything" (within reason, sure), but in practice it
         | means a data scientist is expected to touch infra code if
         | needed.
         | 
         | Underneath it all is an unspoken assumption that people will
         | just lean on LLMs to make this work.
        
           | iamflimflam1 wrote:
           | I think this is sadly going to be the case.
           | 
           | I also used to get great pleasure from the banging head and
           | then the sudden revelation.
           | 
           | But that takes time. I was valuable when there was no other
           | option. Now? Why would someone wait when an answer is just a
           | prompt away.
        
         | dude250711 wrote:
         | _> The greatest feeling in the world is pounding your head
         | against a problem for a couple of days and waking up the next
         | morning with the solution sketched out in your mind._
         | 
         | And then you find out someone else had already solved it. So
         | might as well use the Google 2.0 aka ChatGPT.
        
           | griffzhowl wrote:
           | Well, this is exactly the problem. This tactic works until
           | you get to a problem that nobody has solved before, even if
           | it's just a relatively minor one that no one has solved
           | because no one has tried to because it's so specific. If you
           | haven't built up the skills and knowledge to solve problems,
           | then you're stuck.
        
           | wesleywt wrote:
           | But to understand the solution from someone else, you would
           | have to apply your mind to understand the problem yourself.
           | Transferring the hard work of thinking to GPT will rob you of
           | the attention you will need to understand the subject matter
           | fully. You will be missing insights that would be applicable
           | to your problem. This is the biggest danger of brain rot.
        
           | 1718627440 wrote:
           | How is that a drawback? You still solved it, you learned a
           | lot, and you can actually discuss approaches with the other
           | one, because you actually understood the problem domain.
        
         | queenkjuul wrote:
         | Idk i very much feel like Claude Code only ever gets me really
         | far, but never there. I do use it a fair bit, but i still write
         | a lot myself, and almost never use its output unedited.
         | 
         | For hobby projects though, it's awesome. It just really
         | struggles to do things right in the big codebase at work.
        
         | simianwords wrote:
         | you can now access similar models for way cheaper prices. grok
         | 4.1 fast is around 10x cheaper but performs slightly better
        
           | i_love_retros wrote:
           | Grok? You're OK giving money to elon musk?
        
             | stray wrote:
             | Better than Palantir.
        
               | i_love_retros wrote:
               | Doesn't need to be a choice.
               | 
               | And how much better than palantir given that musk is a
               | bigot, attempts to buy elections for fascists, meddles in
               | foreign democracies to push far right extremist
               | narratives, used his wealth to steal very sensitive data
               | from government agencies, does Nazi salutes, trains his
               | LLM to be racist...
        
               | simianwords wrote:
               | Its a bit tiring to be virtue signalling all the time.
               | 
               | > bigot
               | 
               | > fascist
               | 
               | > far right extremist
               | 
               | > nazi
               | 
               | > racist
               | 
               | (just pulled a few words from your small comment)
        
               | i_love_retros wrote:
               | Haha so calling out actual racists and Nazis is now
               | considered virtue signalling?
               | 
               | Good one
        
               | rune-dev wrote:
               | I mean, in the case of Elon all of those labels are
               | applicable.
               | 
               | It's not virtue signaling to say the guy throwing around
               | nazi salutes is in fact a nazi.
        
               | simianwords wrote:
               | yeah even if i believe this were the case, i would never
               | form a sentence like that juggling all known slurs used
               | for right wing people.
        
               | i_love_retros wrote:
               | Not slurs, facts. Something you right wing folks struggle
               | with.
        
               | shimman wrote:
               | Is it virtual signaling when Americans are getting sent
               | to concentration camps and executed by the federal
               | government?
        
               | pohl wrote:
               | Complaining about signaling virtue is just a pattern for
               | signaling vice.
        
         | dataviz1000 wrote:
         | This is what I am thinking about this morning. I just woke up,
         | made a cup of coffee, read the financial news, and started
         | exploring the code I wrote yesterday.
         | 
         | My first thought was that I can abstract what I wrote
         | yesterday, which was a variation of what I built over the
         | previous week. My second thought was a physiological response
         | of fear that today is going to be a hard hyper focus day full
         | of frustration, and that the coding agents that built this will
         | not be able to build a modular, clean abstraction. That was
         | followed by weighing whether it is better to have multiple one
         | off solutions, or to manually create the abstraction myself.
         | 
         | I agree with you 100 percent that the poor performance of
         | models like GPT 4 introduced some kind of regularization in the
         | human in loop coding process.
         | 
         | Nonetheless, we live in a world of competition, and the people
         | who develop techniques that give them an edge will succeed.
         | There is a video about the evolution of technique in the high
         | jump, the Western Roll, the Straddle Technique, and finally the
         | Fosbury Flop. Using coding agents will be like this too.
         | 
         | I am working with 150 GB of time series data. There are certain
         | pain points that need to be mitigated. For example, a different
         | LLM model has to be coerced into analyzing or working with the
         | data from a completely different approach in order to validate.
         | That means instead of being 4x faster, each iteration is 4x
         | faster, and it needs to be done twice, so it still is only 2x
         | faster. I burned $400 in tokens in January. This cannot be good
         | for the environment.
         | 
         | Timezone handling always has to be validated manually. Every
         | exploration of the data is a train and test split. Here is the
         | thing that hurts the most. The AI coding agents always show the
         | top test results, not the test results of the top train
         | results. Rather than tell me a model has no significant
         | results, it will hide that and only present the winning
         | outliers, which is misleading and, like the OP research
         | suggests, very dangerous.
         | 
         | A lot of people are going to get burned before the techniques
         | to mitigate this are developed.
         | 
         | Overfitting has always been a problem when working with data.
         | Just because the barrier of entry for time series work is much
         | lower does not mean that people developing the skill, whether
         | using old school tools like ARIMA manually or having AI do the
         | work, escape the problem of overfitting. The models will always
         | show the happy, successful looking results.
         | 
         | Just like calculators are used when teaching higher math at the
         | secondary level so basic arithmetic does not slow the process
         | of learning math skills, AI will be used in teaching too. What
         | we are doing is confusing techniques that have not been
         | developed yet with not being able to acquire skills. I wrack
         | and challenge my brain every day solving these problems. As
         | millions of other software engineers do as well, the patterns
         | will emerge and later become the skills taught in schools.
        
       | qweiopqweiop wrote:
       | It makes sense - juniors are coding faster but not understanding
       | anything. Ironically it'll stop them getting more experienced
       | despite feeling good. What I'm interested in is if the same
       | applies for Senior+ developers. The soft signals are that people
       | are feeling the atrophy but who knows...
        
         | renegade-otter wrote:
         | It requires discipline. I use LLMs for mind-numbing refactoring
         | and things I don't care learning. If you want to learn
         | something, you do it yourself. It's like the gym. No pain, no
         | gain.
         | 
         | I am not saying you should be struggling performatively, like a
         | person still proud in 2026 that they are still using Vim for
         | large projects (good for you, eh), but sometimes you need to
         | embrace the discomfort.
        
           | bayindirh wrote:
           | > like a person still proud in 2026 that they are still using
           | Vim for large projects.
           | 
           | I remember a small competition where people do a well-defined
           | "share this content to others" routine to showcase how OS A
           | is way more intuitive than OS B. There was also an OS C,
           | which was way slower than A&B. Then, someone came using OS C,
           | topped the chart with a sizeable time difference.
           | 
           | The point is, sometimes mastery pays back so much that, while
           | there's theoretically better ways to do something, the time
           | you save from that mastery is enough of a reason to not to
           | leave the tool you're using.
           | 
           | I also have a couple of "odd" tools that I use and love,
           | which would cause confused looks from many people. Yet, I'm
           | fast and happy with them.
        
           | skydhash wrote:
           | > like a person still proud in 2026 that they are still using
           | Vim for large projects
           | 
           | These large projects are amlmost always in Java, C#, and co.
           | Where the verbosity of the language make it required to use
           | an IDE. Otherwise, it would be a struggle to identify which
           | module to import or what prefix and suffix (Manager, Service,
           | Abstract, Factory, DTO,...) to add to the concept name.
        
           | mkehrt wrote:
           | Vim has been having a moment for a while. I have several
           | coworkers who just use it and it seems to work fine for them.
        
         | empath75 wrote:
         | I am doing now with AI what I consider more to be engineering
         | management than I am doing software dev, and most technical
         | managers have their coding skills atrophy over time and I don't
         | think that is really a problem.
        
       | hollowturtle wrote:
       | > Unsurprisingly, participants in the No AI group encountered
       | more errors. These included errors in syntax and in Trio
       | concepts, the latter of which mapped directly to topics tested on
       | the evaluation
       | 
       | I'm wondering if we could have the best of IDE/Editor features
       | like LSP and LLMs working together. With an LSP syntax errors are
       | a solved problem, if the language is statically typed I often
       | find myself just checking out type signatures of library methods,
       | simpler to me than asking an LLM. But I would love to have LLMs
       | fixing your syntax and with types available or not, giving
       | suggestions on how to best use the libraries given current
       | context.
       | 
       | Cursor tab does that to some extent but it's not fool proof and
       | it still feels too "statistical".
       | 
       | I'd love to have something deeply integrated with LSPs and IDE
       | features, for example VSCode alone has the ability of suggesting
       | imports, Cursor tries to complete them statistically but it often
       | suggest the wrong import path. I'd like to have the twos working
       | together.
       | 
       | Another example is renaming identifiers with F2, it is reliable
       | and predictable, can't say the same when asking an agent doing
       | that. On the other hand if the pattern isn't predictable, e.g. a
       | migration where a 1 to 1 rename isn't enough, but needs to find a
       | pattern, LLMs are just great. So I'd love to have an F2 feature
       | augmented with LLMs capabilities
        
         | gorbachev wrote:
         | I've found the AI assisted auto-completion to be very valuable.
         | It's definitely sped up my coding and reduced the number of
         | errors I make.
         | 
         | It reduces the context switching between coding and referencing
         | docs quite a bit.
        
           | hollowturtle wrote:
           | Have you read my comment or are you a bot?
        
       | falloutx wrote:
       | Can we ban Anthropic research papers to be submitted on HN?
       | 
       | This study is so bad, the sample size is n = 52 and then in some
       | conclusions it goes down to n = 2.
        
         | stuxnet79 wrote:
         | It is sad to see how far Anthropic and OpenAI have strayed from
         | their research roots, that a pitiful manuscript like this can
         | pass muster.
        
         | raphman wrote:
         | This seems to be a totally normal sample size for such kinds of
         | studies where you look at quantitative and qualitative aspects.
         | Is this the only reason why you find the study to be bad?
        
       | suralind wrote:
       | No surprise, really. You can use AI to explore new horizons or
       | propose an initial sketch, but for anything larger than small
       | changes - you must do a rewrite. Not just a review. An actual
       | rewrite. AI can do well adding a function, but you can't vibe
       | code an app and get smarter.
       | 
       | I don't necessarily think that writing more code means you get
       | better coder. I automate nearly all my tests with AI and large
       | chunk of bugfixing as well. I will regularly ask AI to propose an
       | architecture or introduce a new pattern if I don't have a goal in
       | my mind. But in these last 2 examples, I will always redesign the
       | entire approach to be what I consider a better, cleaner
       | interface. I don't recall AI ever getting that right, but must
       | admit I asked AI in the first place cos I didn't know where to
       | start.
       | 
       | If I had to summarize, I would say to let AI implement coding,
       | but not API design/architecture. But at the same time, you can
       | only get good at those by knowing what doesn't work and trying to
       | find a better solution.
        
         | teiferer wrote:
         | > I automate nearly all my tests with AI
         | 
         | How exactly? Do you tell the agent "please write a test for
         | this" or do you also feed it some form of spec to describe what
         | the tested thing is expected to do? And do these tests ever
         | fail?
         | 
         | Asking because the first option essentially just sets the bugs
         | in stone.
         | 
         | Wouldn't it make sense to do it the other way around? You write
         | the test, let the AI generate the code? The test essentially
         | represents the spec and if the AI produces sth which passes all
         | your tests but is still not what you want, then you have a test
         | hole.
        
           | suralind wrote:
           | I'm not saying my approach is correct, keep that in mind.
           | 
           | I care more about the code than the tests. Tests are
           | verification of my work. And yes, there is a risk of AI
           | "navigating around" bugs, but I found that a lot of the time
           | AI will actually spot a bug and suggest a fix. I also review
           | each line to look for improvements.
           | 
           | Edit: to answer your question, I will typically ask it to
           | test a specific test case or few test cases. Very rarely will
           | I ask it to "add tests everywhere". Yes, these tests
           | frequently fail and the agent will fix on 2nd+ iteration
           | after it runs the tests.
           | 
           | One more thing to add is that a lot of the time agent will
           | add a "dummy" test. I don't really accept those for
           | coverage's sake.
        
             | teiferer wrote:
             | Thanks for your responses!
             | 
             | A follow-up:
             | 
             | > I care more about the code than the tests.
             | 
             | Why is that? Your (product) code has tests. Your test
             | (code) doesn't. So I often find that I need to pay at least
             | as much attention to my tests to ensure quality.
        
               | suralind wrote:
               | I think you are correct in your assessment. Both are
               | important. If you're gonna have garbage code tests,
               | you're gonna have garbage quality.
               | 
               | I find tests easier to write. Your function(s) may be
               | hundred lines long, but the test is usually setup, run,
               | assert.
               | 
               | I don't have much experience beyond writing
               | unit/integration tests, but individual test cases seem to
               | be simpler than the code they test (linear, no branches).
        
         | mickeyp wrote:
         | > No surprise, really. You can use AI to explore new horizons
         | or propose an initial sketch, but for anything larger than
         | small changes - you must do a rewrite. Not just a review. An
         | actual rewrite. AI can do well adding a function, but you can't
         | vibe code an app and get smarter.
         | 
         | Sometimes I wonder if people who make statements like this have
         | ever actually casually browsed Twitter or reddit or even
         | attempted a "large" application themselves with SOTA models.
        
           | JustSkyfall wrote:
           | You can definitely vibecode an app, but that doesn't mean
           | that you can necessarily "get smarter"!
           | 
           | An example: I vibecoded myself a Toggl Track clone yesterday
           | - it works amazingly but if I had to rewrite e.g. the PDF
           | generation code by myself I wouldn't have a clue!
        
             | suralind wrote:
             | That's what I meant, it's either, or. Vibe coding
             | definitely has a place for simple utilities or "in-house"
             | tools that solve one problem. You can't vide code and learn
             | (if you do, then it's not vibe coding as I define it).
        
           | suralind wrote:
           | Did I say that you can't vibe code an app? I browse reddit
           | and have seen the same apps as you did, I also vibe code
           | myself every now and then and know what happens when you let
           | it loose.
        
         | james_marks wrote:
         | This is why the quality of my code has improved since using AI.
         | 
         | I can iterate on entire approaches in the same amount of time
         | it would have taken to explore a single concept before.
         | 
         | But AI is an amplifier of human intent- I want a code base
         | that's maintainable, scalable, etc., and that's a different
         | than YOLO vibe coding. Vibe engineering, maybe.
        
           | acedTrex wrote:
           | My core uses are 100% racing the model in yolo mode to find a
           | bug. I win most of the time but occasionally it surprises me.
           | 
           | Then also switching arch approaches quickly when i find some
           | code strategies that are not correctly ergonomic. Splitting
           | of behaviors and other refactors are much lower cost now.
        
       | jbellis wrote:
       | Good to see that Anthropic is honest and open enough to publish a
       | result with a mostly negative headline.
       | 
       | > Importantly, using AI assistance didn't guarantee a lower
       | score. How someone used AI influenced how much information they
       | retained. The participants who showed stronger mastery used AI
       | assistance not just to produce code but to build comprehension
       | while doing so--whether by asking follow-up questions, requesting
       | explanations, or posing conceptual questions while coding
       | independently.
       | 
       | This might be cynically taken as cope, but it matches my own
       | experience. A poor analogy until I find a better one: I don't do
       | arithmetic in my head anymore, it's enough for me to know that
       | 12038 x 912 is in the neighborhood of 10M, if the calculator
       | gives me an answer much different from that then I know something
       | went wrong. In the same way, I'm not writing many for loops by
       | hand anymore but I know how the code works at a high level and
       | how I want to change it.
       | 
       | (We're building Brokk to nudge users in this direction and not a
       | magic "Claude take the wheel" button; link in bio.)
        
       | Ronsenshi wrote:
       | It's good that there's some research into this - to confirm what
       | is generally obvious to anyone who studied anything. You have to
       | think about what you are doing, write things by hand, use the
       | skill to improve and retain it.
       | 
       | Common example here is learning a language. Say, you learn French
       | or Spanish throughout your school years or on Duolingo. But
       | unless you're lucky enough to be amazing with language skills, if
       | you don't actually use it, you will hit a wall eventually. And
       | similarly if you stop using language that you already know - it
       | will slowly degrade over time.
        
       | appsoftware wrote:
       | I think this is where current senior engineers have an advantage,
       | like I felt when I was a junior that the older guys had an
       | advantage in understanding the low level stuff like assembly and
       | hardware. But software keeps moving forward - my lack of time
       | coding assembly by hand has never hindered my career. People will
       | learn what they need to learn to be productive. When AI stops
       | working in a given situation, people will learn the low level
       | detail as they need to. When I was a junior I learned a couple of
       | languages in depth, but everything since has been top down,
       | learn-as-i-need to. I don't remember everything I've learned over
       | 20 years software engineering, and the forgetting started way
       | before my use of AI. It's true that conceptual understanding is
       | necessary, but everyone's acting like all human coders are better
       | than all AI's, and that is not the case. Poorly architected,
       | spaghetti code existed way before LLM's.
        
         | ekidd wrote:
         | I want to compliment Anthropic for doing this research and
         | publishing it.
         | 
         | One of my advantages(?) when it comes to using AI is that I've
         | been the "debugger of last resort" for other people's code for
         | over 20 years now. I've found and fixed _compiler code
         | generation bugs_ that were breaking application code. I 'm used
         | to working in teams and to delegating lots of code creation to
         | teammates.
         | 
         | And frankly, I've reached a point where I don't _want_ to be an
         | expert in the JavaScript ORM of the month. It will fall out of
         | fashion in 2 years anyway. And if it suddenly breaks in old
         | code, I 'll learn what I need to fix it. In the meantime, I
         | need to know enough to code review it, and to thoroughly
         | understand any potential security issues. That's it. Similarly,
         | I just had Claude convert a bunch of Rust projects from anyhow
         | to miette, and I _definitely_ couldn 't pass a quiz on miette.
         | I'm OK with this.
         | 
         | I still develop deep expertise in brand new stuff, but I do so
         | strategically. Does it offer a lot of leverage? Will people
         | still be using it on greenfield projects next year? Then I'm
         | going to learn it.
         | 
         | So at the current state of tech, Claude basically allows me to
         | spend my learning strategically. I know the basics cold, and I
         | learn the new stuff that matters.
        
         | lelanthran wrote:
         | > But software keeps moving forward - my lack of time coding
         | assembly by hand has never hindered my career.
         | 
         | Well, yeah. You were still (presumably) debugging the code you
         | _did_ write in the higher level language.
         | 
         | The linked article makes it very clear that the largest decline
         | was in problem solving (debugging). The juniors starting with
         | AI today are _most definitely_ not going to do that problem-
         | solving on their own.
        
         | direwolf20 wrote:
         | Being able to read assembly has helped me debug. You don't have
         | to write it but you have to be able to write it. The same
         | applies to manual transmissions and pocket calculators.
        
           | webdevver wrote:
           | thats fair enough but reading assembly is _such_ a pain in
           | the ass... it was exciting for the first 10 minutes of my
           | life, but now, if i ever got to that point, i will 100% copy-
           | paste the listing to chatgpt with  "hey, can you see anything
           | sketchy?"
        
         | beej71 wrote:
         | > my lack of time coding assembly by hand has never hindered my
         | career.
         | 
         | I'd kinda like to see this measured. It's obviously not the
         | assembly that matters for nine-9s of jobs. (I used assembly
         | language exactly one time in my career, and that was three
         | lines of inline in 2003.) But you develop a certain set of
         | problem-solving skills when you code assembly. I speculate,
         | like with most problem-solving skills, it has an impact on your
         | overall ability and performance. Put another way, I assert
         | nobody is _worse_ for having learned it, so the only remaining
         | question is, is it neutral?
         | 
         | > everyone's acting like all human coders are better than all
         | AI's
         | 
         | I feel like the sentiment here on HN is that LLMs are better
         | than all novices. But human coders with actual logical and
         | architectural skills are better than LLMs. Even the super-duper
         | AI enthusiasts talk about controlling hoards of LLMs doing
         | their bidding--not the other way around.
        
       | asyncadventure wrote:
       | What's fascinating is how AI shifts the learning focus from "how
       | to implement X" to "when and why to use X". I've noticed junior
       | developers can now build complex features quickly, but they still
       | struggle with the architectural decisions that seniors make
       | instinctively. AI accelerates implementation but doesn't replace
       | the pattern recognition that comes from seeing hundreds of
       | codebases succeed and fail.
        
       | HPsquared wrote:
       | High-level languages impact assembly coding skills, which are
       | almost extinct.
        
       | discreteevent wrote:
       | The learning loop and LLMs [1] is well worth reading and the
       | anthropic blog post above concurs with it in a number of places.
       | It's fine to use LLMs as an assistant to understanding but your
       | goal as an engineer should always be understanding and the only
       | real way to do that is to have to struggle to make things
       | yourself.
       | 
       | [1] https://martinfowler.com/articles/llm-learning-loop.html
        
       | i_love_retros wrote:
       | I don't understand how so many people can be OK with inflicting
       | brain rot on themselves and basically engineering themselves out
       | of a career.
       | 
       | I use a web ui to chat with ai and do research, and even then I
       | sometimes have to give up and accept that it won't provide the
       | best solution that I know exists and am just to lazy to flesh out
       | on my own. And to the official docs I go.
       | 
       | But the coding tools, I'm sorry but they constantly disappoint
       | me. Especially the agents. In fact the agents fucking scare me.
       | Thank god copilot prompts me before running a terminal command.
       | The other day I asked it about a cypress test function and the
       | agent asked if it could run some completely unrelated gibberish
       | python code in my terminal. That's just one of many weird things
       | it's done.
       | 
       | My colleagues vibe code things because they don't have experience
       | in the tech we use on our project, it gets passed to me to review
       | with "I hope you understand this". Our manager doesn't care
       | because he's all in on AI and just wants the project to meet
       | deadlines because he's scared for his job, and each level up the
       | org chart from him it's the same. If this is what software
       | development is now then I need to find another career because its
       | pathetic, boring, and stressful for anyone with integrity.
        
       | siliconc0w wrote:
       | Good for them to design and publish this - I doubt you'd see
       | anything like this from the other labs.
       | 
       | The loss of competency seems pretty obvious but it's good to have
       | data. What is also interesting to me is that the AI assisted
       | group accomplished the task a bit faster but it wasn't
       | statistically significant. Which seems to align with other
       | findings that AI can make you 'feel' like you're working faster
       | but that perception isn't always matched by the reality. So
       | you're trading learning and eroding competency for a productivity
       | boost which isn't always there.
        
         | brookst wrote:
         | I wish they had attempted to measure product management skill.
         | 
         | My hypothesis is that the AI users gained less in coding skill,
         | but improved in spec/requirement writing skills.
         | 
         | But there's no data, so it's just my speculation. Intuitively,
         | I think AI is shifting entry level programmers to focus on
         | expressing requirements clearly, which may not be all that bad
         | of a thing.
        
           | SJMG wrote:
           | > I wish they had attempted to measure product management
           | skill.
           | 
           | We're definitely getting better at writing specs. The issue
           | is the labor bottleneck is competent senior engineers, not
           | juniors, not PMs, not box-and-arrow staff engineers.
           | 
           | > I think AI is shifting entry level programmers to focus on
           | expressing requirements clearly
           | 
           | This is what the TDD advocates were saying years ago.
        
           | empath75 wrote:
           | What AI development has done for my team is the following:
           | 
           | Dramatically improved Jira usage -- better, more descriptive
           | tickets with actionable user stories and clearly expressed
           | requirements. Dramatically improved github PRs. Dramatically
           | improved test coverage. Dramatically improved documentation,
           | not just in code but in comments.
           | 
           | Basically all _for free_, while at the same time probably
           | doubling or tripling our pace at closing issues, including
           | some issues in our backlog that had lingered for months
           | because they were annoying and nobody felt like working on
           | them, but were easy for claude to knock out.
        
             | Jensson wrote:
             | > Dramatically improved Jira usage -- better, more
             | descriptive tickets with actionable user stories and
             | clearly expressed requirements. Dramatically improved
             | github PRs. Dramatically improved test coverage.
             | Dramatically improved documentation, not just in code but
             | in comments.
             | 
             | > Basically all _for free_
             | 
             | Not for free, the cost is that all of those are now written
             | by AI so not really vetted any longer. Or do you really
             | think your team is just using AI for code?
        
             | WD-42 wrote:
             | I'd be willing to bet that your AI written issues, docs,
             | etc look impressive initially but are extremely low signal
             | to noise. You might be checking some boxes (docstrings,
             | etc) but I do not envy anyone on your team that needs to
             | actually read any of that stuff in the future to solve an
             | actual problem.
        
         | epolanski wrote:
         | > The loss of competency seems pretty obvious but it's good to
         | have data
         | 
         | That's not what the study says. It says that _most_ users
         | reflect your statement while there is a smaller % that benefits
         | and learns more and faster.
         | 
         | Generalizations are extremely dangerous.
         | 
         | What the article says simply reflect that most people don't
         | care that much and default to the path of least resistance,
         | which is common every day knowledge, but we very well know this
         | does not apply to everyone.
        
           | AstroBen wrote:
           | Relevant quote from their conclusion:
           | 
           | > Among participants who use AI, we find a stark divide in
           | skill formation outcomes between high-scoring interaction
           | patterns (65%-86% quiz score) vs low-scoring interaction
           | patterns (24%-39% quiz score). The high scorers only asked AI
           | conceptual questions instead of code generation or asked for
           | explanations to accompany generated code; these usage
           | patterns demonstrate a high level of cognitive engagement.
           | 
           | This is very much my experience. AI is incredibly useful as a
           | personal tutor
        
             | ambicapter wrote:
             | A personal tutor who you remain skeptical of, and
             | constantly try to disprove in order to perfect your
             | understanding.
        
               | marcosdumay wrote:
               | A tutor that can guide you through jargon and give you
               | references. If "skepticism" is even something you have to
               | think about, you are already outside of the optimum path.
        
               | nativeit wrote:
               | "Jargon" is shorthand for people who know what they're
               | doing. If you're avoiding jargon, you're avoiding
               | learning.
        
               | direwolf20 wrote:
               | "guide you through jargon" is what the comment said
        
               | epolanski wrote:
               | I see it more of a replacement for Google and digging
               | GitHub issues. It can also replace chats for 80% of
               | questions.
               | 
               | Not much as a tutor.
        
             | rienbdj wrote:
             | Yes. I love using AI for the "where do I even start" type
             | questions. The once I've had a discussion about various
             | approaches I know what docs to actually look at and I can
             | start thinking about implementation details. I don't find
             | AI very useful for generating code (weird position I know).
        
           | SJMG wrote:
           | > there is a smaller % that benefits and learns more and
           | faster
           | 
           | That's not what the study says nor it is capable of credibly
           | making that claim. You are reasoning about individuals in an
           | RCT where subjects did not serve as their own control. The
           | high performers in the treatment group may have done even
           | better had they been in the control and AI is in fact is
           | slowing them down.
           | 
           | You don't know which is true because you _can 't know_
           | because of the study design. This is why we have statistics.
        
             | epolanski wrote:
             | So you don't doubt their conclusion that most sucked by
             | using AI, but you doubt that they found that some learned
             | more?
        
               | SJMG wrote:
               | [delayed]
        
         | AstroBen wrote:
         | Interestingly if you look at the breakdown by years of
         | experience, it shows the 1-3 year junior group being faster, 4+
         | years no difference
         | 
         | I wonder if we're going to have a future where the juniors
         | never gain the skills and experience to work well by
         | themselves, and instead become entirely reliant on AI, assuming
         | that's the only way
        
           | pesus wrote:
           | I think we're going to see a small minority of juniors who
           | managed to ignore the hype/peer pressure/easy path and
           | actually learned to code have a huge advantage over the
           | others.
        
             | DrewADesign wrote:
             | Which isn't saying much if efficiency gains tank the demand
             | for developers, which will then tank _everybody's_ salary.
             | The actual efficiency gains are debatable, but even if
             | we're talking about a 20% gain, that could be a few FTEs
             | for a small team.
        
         | shimman wrote:
         | It's research from a company that gains from selling said tools
         | they researched. Why does it have to be repeated that this is a
         | massive conflict of interests and until this "research" has
         | been verified multiple times by parties with zero conflict of
         | interests it's best to be highly skeptical of anything it
         | claims?
         | 
         | This is up there with believing tobacco companies health
         | "research" from the 30s, 40s, 50s, 60s, 70s, 80s, and 90s.
        
           | keeda wrote:
           | I mean, they're literally pointing out the negative effects
           | of AI-assisted coding?
           | 
           |  _> We found that using AI assistance led to a statistically
           | significant decrease in mastery. On a quiz that covered
           | concepts they'd used just a few minutes before, participants
           | in the AI group scored 17% lower than those who coded by
           | hand, or the equivalent of nearly two letter grades. Using AI
           | sped up the task slightly, but this didn't reach the
           | threshold of statistical significance._
           | 
           | This also echoes other research from a few years ago that had
           | similar findings:
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=46822158
        
           | godelski wrote:
           | > this is a massive conflict of interests
           | 
           | I think everyone is aware of this.
           | 
           | But people like that they aren't shying away from negative
           | results and that builds some trust. Though let's not ignore
           | that they're still suggesting AI + manual coding.
           | 
           | But honestly, this sample size is so small that we need
           | larger studies. The results around what is effective and
           | ineffective AI usage is a complete wash with n<8.
           | 
           | Also anyone else feel the paper is a bit sloppy?
           | 
           | I mean there's a bunch of minor things but Figure 17 (first
           | fig in the appendix) is just kinda wild. I mean there's
           | trivial ways to solve the glaring error. The more carefully
           | you look at even just the figures in the paper the more you
           | say "who the fuck wrote this?" I mean like how the fuck do
           | you even generate Figure 12? The numbers align with the grids
           | but boxes are shifted. And Figure 16 has experience levels
           | shuffled for some reason. And then there are a hell of a lot
           | more confusing stuff you'll see if you do more than a
           | glance...
        
         | cal_dent wrote:
         | Anthropic's way into regulatory capture seems to be to pretend
         | they're the benevolent adults in the room. It'll probably work
         | too.
        
         | austin-cheney wrote:
         | I agree with the Ray Dalio perspective on this. AI is not a
         | creative force. It is only a different form of automation. So,
         | the only value to AI is to get to know your habits. As an
         | example have it write test cases in your code style so you
         | don't have to. That is it.
         | 
         | If you sucked before using AI you are going to suck with AI.
         | The compounded problem there is that you won't see just how bad
         | you suck at what you do, because AI will obscure your
         | perspective through its output, like an echo chamber of stupid.
         | You are just going to suck much faster and feel better about
         | it. Think of it as steroids for Dunning-Kruger.
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/shorts/0LeJ6xn35gc
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/shorts/vXecG_KajLI
        
       | lelanthran wrote:
       | I must say I am quite impressed that Anthropic published this,
       | given that they found that:
       | 
       | 1. AI help produced a solution only 2m faster, and
       | 
       | 2. AI help reduced retention of skill by 17%
        
       | luxuryballs wrote:
       | I expect, especially in things like transit or healthcare, that
       | people still need to review the code that is written. Even if we
       | write bots that are good at scanning code for issues, we still
       | can't risk trusting any code blindly for some industries...
       | 
       | I can start to see the dangers of ai now, whereas before it was
       | more imaginary sci-fi stuff I couldn't pin down. On the other
       | hand a dystopian sci-fi full of smart everything seems more
       | possible now since code can be whipped up so easily, which means
       | perhaps that the ability for your smart-monocle to find and hack
       | things in every day life is also way more likely now if the world
       | around you is saturated by quick and insecure code.
        
       | shayonj wrote:
       | Being able to debug and diagnose difficult problems and
       | distributed systems still remains a key skill, at least until
       | Opus or some other model gets better at it.
       | 
       | I think being intentional about learning while using AI to be
       | productive is where the stitch is, at least for folks earlier in
       | their career. I touch that in my post here as well:
       | https://www.shayon.dev/post/2026/19/software-engineering-whe...
        
       | FitchApps wrote:
       | This is all wonderful and all but what happens when these tools
       | aren't available - you lose internet connection or the agent is
       | misconfigured or you simply ran out of credits. How would someone
       | support their business / software / livelihood? First, the agents
       | would take our software writing tasks then they encroach on CI/CD
       | and release process and take over from there...
       | 
       | Now, imagine a scenario of a typical SWE in todays or maybe not-
       | so-distant future: the agents build your software, you simply a
       | gate-keeper/prompt engineer, all tests pass, you're now doing a
       | production deployment at 12am and something happens but your
       | agents are down. At that point, what do you do if you haven't
       | build or even deployed the system? You're like a L1 support at
       | this point, pretty useless and clueless when it comes to fully
       | understanding and supporting the application .
        
         | akomtu wrote:
         | Or your business gets flagged by an automated system for
         | dubious reasons with no way to appeal. It's the old story of
         | big tech: they pretend to be on your side first, but their
         | motives are nefarious.
        
         | dham wrote:
         | The tools are going to ~zero (~ 5 years). The open source LLM's
         | are here. No one can put them back or take them down. No
         | internet, no problem. I don't see a long term future in
         | frontier llm companies.
        
           | Sevii wrote:
           | What I don't get is, how are these free LLMs getting funded?
           | Who is paying $20-100 million to create an open weights LLM?
           | Long term why would they keep doing it?
        
             | dham wrote:
             | I see what you're saying, but it doesn't matter that much
             | in the long run. If everything stopped right now, the
             | state-of-the-art open source models can still solve a lot
             | of problems. They may never solve coding, per se, but
             | they're good enough.
        
             | direwolf20 wrote:
             | Billionaires trying to hurt each other. Facebook released
             | LLaMa hoping to hasten OpenAI's bankruptcy.
        
               | LtWorf wrote:
               | But it's not open, and in fact AFAIK it's not possible to
               | use commercially.
        
               | direwolf20 wrote:
               | It's possible, just not legal if they find out and you're
               | worth suing.
        
           | direwolf20 wrote:
           | Do you mean the open binary LLMs, or did you find the secret
           | training data and the random seed for LLaMa?
        
         | Kiboneu wrote:
         | It's like with most programmers today having forgotten
         | assembly. If their compiler breaks, what are they going to do?!
         | 
         | (I jest a bit, actually agree since turning assembly->compiled
         | code is a tighter problem space than requirements in natural
         | language->code)
        
           | ambicapter wrote:
           | What a grossly disingenuous comparison.
        
             | Kiboneu wrote:
             | Read the second line. If you can't generalize then I can't
             | help you. Have good faith (and obtain a sense of humor).
        
               | ambicapter wrote:
               | I can't read it, your comment has been flagged. Good day.
        
               | Kiboneu wrote:
               | That flag won't stick. Flagging someone just because you
               | disagree with them is abusing the system. It adds noise
               | and more work for the moderators to actually remove spam
               | and troll comments. There's a downvote button. If you
               | flagged it, then should be obvious to you after a decade
               | of having an account on this site. If you still don't get
               | it, then I can only assume that you're trolling (good
               | luck with that). Also, fix your browser or whatever you
               | use to read hn. Good day. lol
        
         | t_mahmood wrote:
         | Yeah! I use JetBrains AI assistant sometimes, which suddenly
         | showing only blank window, nothing else. So, not getting
         | anything out of it. But I can see my credits are being spent!
         | 
         | IF I was totally dependent on it, I would be in trouble.
         | Fortunately I am not.
        
         | i_am_proteus wrote:
         | I am not convinced of the wonderfulness, because the study
         | implies that AI does not improve task completion time but does
         | reduce programmer's comprehension when using a new library.
        
           | raw_anon_1111 wrote:
           | Yes instead I am suppose to understand the library I use the
           | most boto3?
           | 
           | https://boto3.amazonaws.com/v1/documentation/api/latest/inde.
           | ..
           | 
           | I don't need to comprehend "the library". I need to know what
           | I need to do and then look up the API call.
        
         | esperent wrote:
         | I've had a fairly long career as a web dev. When I started, I
         | used to be finicky about configuring my dev environment so that
         | if the internet went down I could still do some kind of work.
         | But over time, partly as I worked on bigger projects and partly
         | as the industry changed, that became infeasible.
         | 
         | So you know what do, what I've been doing for about a decade,
         | if the internet goes down? I stop working. And over that time
         | I've worked in many places around the world, developing
         | countries, tropical islands, small huts on remote mountains.
         | And I've lost maybe a day of work because of connectivity
         | issues. I've been deep in a rainforest during a monsoon and
         | still had 4g connection.
         | 
         | If Anthropic goes down I can switch to Gemini. If I run out of
         | credits (people use credits? I only use a monthly subscription)
         | then I can find enough free credits around to get some basic
         | work done. Increasingly, I could run a local model that would
         | be good enough for some things and that'll become even better
         | in the future. So no, I don't think these are any kind of valid
         | arguments. Everyone relies on online services for their work
         | these days, for banking, messaging, office work, etc. If
         | there's some kind of catastrophe that breaks this, we're all
         | screwed, not just the coders who rely on LLMs.
        
           | nzealand wrote:
           | > I've worked in many places around the world, developing
           | countries, tropical islands, small huts on remote mountains
           | 
           | I am genuinely curious about your work lifestyle.
           | 
           | The freedom to travel anywhere while working sounds awesome.
           | 
           | The ability to work anywhere while traveling sounds less so.
        
             | xeromal wrote:
             | There's a whole movement that does this.
             | 
             | https://digitalnomads.world/
        
             | LtWorf wrote:
             | It means having no friends.
        
               | exe34 wrote:
               | hey I can have no friends just sitting at home for months
               | on end. I'd rather be miserable on a mountain top rather
               | than sitting at home.
        
               | trillic wrote:
               | People that stay put are no friends of mine. I have a
               | remote job and travelled 20 weeks last year, all to do my
               | sport with friends. Most of us have remote jobs or are
               | FIRE'd already.
        
             | mikestorrent wrote:
             | It does sound like a wonderful life... but if you want to
             | have a family, you'll need to put down roots somewhere. I
             | know a nomad who ended up doing this in Mexico - he'd never
             | have guessed it years prior - and is super happy. So maybe,
             | as a way of finding the country you're "meant" to live in,
             | it's a nice approach. I think it's a younger person's game,
             | though.
        
               | esperent wrote:
               | Well we did put down roots after a few years, or at least
               | we have for for a while (me and my partner). We'll
               | probably get the travel bug again.
               | 
               | We don't have or want children but I do know people who
               | do this with families. There's an amazing community
               | called world schooling where people travel and arrange a
               | month in some beautiful place around the world with other
               | families. They'll organize teachers and activities for
               | children and make friends with the other parents.
               | 
               | I've met quite a few of them - the immediate assumption
               | people will jump to is that they must be rich. But that's
               | not the case, they're just normal people who love to
               | travel and have jobs that can facilitate that. And the
               | children I've met seem happy and well adjusted.
        
           | bheadmaster wrote:
           | > people use credits? I only use a monthly subscription
           | 
           | Those still have limits, no? Or if there's a subscription
           | that provides limitless access, please tell me which one it
           | is.
        
             | embedding-shape wrote:
             | I've been on ChatGPT Pro plan since introduced, and also
             | used codex-rs since it was made public, never hit a limit.
             | Came close last week, not sure if the limits were recently
             | introduced or there always was but they got lowered, but I
             | think that's as close to "unlimited" as you can get without
             | running your own inference.
             | 
             | I've tried Anthropic's Max plan before, but hit limits
             | after just a couple of hours, same with Google's stuff, but
             | wasn't doing anything radically different when I tried
             | those, compared with Codex, so seems other's limits are way
             | lower.
        
               | bheadmaster wrote:
               | Which models do you use the most?
        
               | embedding-shape wrote:
               | GPT 5.2 Pro in the ChatGPT UI, gpt-5.2 with xhigh in
               | codex, GPT-OSS-120b for local use.
        
             | esperent wrote:
             | I finally bit the bullet and got a $200 Claude subscription
             | last month. It's been a busy month and I've used it a
             | _lot_. More than is healthy, more than I sustainably could
             | for more than a few weeks. I 've managed to hit a 5 hour
             | limit exactly once (20 minutes before it refreshed) and
             | I've never hit more than 80% of a weekly limit.
             | 
             | But if I did - and I could imagine having some specific
             | highly parallelizable work like writing a bazillion unit
             | tests where I send out 40 subagents at a time - then the
             | solution would be to buy _two_ subscriptions. Not switch to
             | API billing.
        
           | Retric wrote:
           | Meanwhile I've lost roughly a month from internet issues. My
           | guess is you're experience was unusual enough you felt the
           | need to component where most developers who where less lucky
           | or just remember more issues didn't.
        
             | rglullis wrote:
             | > Meanwhile I've lost roughly a month from internet issues.
             | 
             | If you tell me "I lost internet at home and couldn't work
             | there", it's one thing. But that you simply went about a
             | month without internet connection, I find it hard to
             | believe.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | It's not a single continuous stretch of one month, I'm
               | probably significantly older than you, and I've lost
               | access to critical services because data centers have had
               | issues not just myself.
               | 
               | Hell, on Tuesday I lost ~2 hours because Starlink was
               | having some issue. When it came up I was on a different
               | ground station and getting very low speeds. Not such a
               | big deal except you never get that time back.
        
           | zahlman wrote:
           | I consider it more or less immoral to be expected to use the
           | Internet for anything other than retrieving information from
           | others or voluntarily sharing information with others. The
           | idea that a dev environment should even require finicky
           | configuration to allow for productive work sans Internet
           | appalls me. I should only have to connect in order to push to
           | / pull from origin, deploy something or acquire build tools /
           | dependencies, which should be cached locally and rarely
           | require any kind of update.
        
             | raw_anon_1111 wrote:
             | Do you know how many times since 1999 I have had my work
             | Internet go down? Definitely not enough to spend time
             | worrying about it. The world didn't stop.
             | 
             | In 2022, funny enough I was at an AWS office (I worked
             | remotely when I worked there) working in ProServe, us-
             | east-1 was having issues that was affecting everything,
             | guess what we all did? Stopped working, the world didn't
             | come to an end.
             | 
             | Even now that I work from home, on the rare occasions that
             | Internet goes down, I just use my phone if I need to take a
             | Zoom call.
        
               | zahlman wrote:
               | I don't care how reliable it is. That has nothing to do
               | with my objection.
        
               | raw_anon_1111 wrote:
               | So what other technology that has been available to
               | consumers affordably for over 3 decades do you refuse to
               | use? Whst is "amoral" about using the internet to its
               | fullest?
        
               | zahlman wrote:
               | I thought all of this should have been clear in the first
               | post, but I guess it wasn't.
               | 
               | The problem is not using the Internet, but _being
               | expected to_ use it for things _where there isn 't a
               | clear domain requirement_ for it.
               | 
               | The immorality I describe is on the part of the entity
               | expecting Internet usage, not the user.
               | 
               | The issue is that I paid money for my hardware to own it
               | outright, and this expectation makes it feel like I no
               | longer actually fully own that hardware.
        
               | raw_anon_1111 wrote:
               | You mean you don't see a clear use to use the internet to
               | access the worlds knowledge that is processed by a
               | cluster of super computers is not something you should
               | need? Should we all have our own data center in our
               | homes?
               | 
               | I also bought my phone, but I still need a global network
               | to make it usable
        
               | zahlman wrote:
               | > You mean you don't see a clear use to use
               | 
               | This still _has nothing to do with_ a point of view that
               | I have already clearly laid out multiple times.
        
               | raw_anon_1111 wrote:
               | So exactly what is your moral point about not using the
               | "computer you bought" along with the internet to augment
               | it like it still the mid 90s?
               | 
               | You don't want a "dev environment dependent on the
               | internet", exactly what are you going to do with your
               | code without the internet? Just keep it on your computer?
        
               | zahlman wrote:
               | I don't know how I can possibly make it any clearer than
               | what I have already repeatedly stated.
        
           | Xfx7028 wrote:
           | And here am I thinking that my life depends too much on the
           | internet and the knowledge you can find on it. So if
           | something big/extreme happens like nuclear war, major
           | internet outage etc, I know nothing. No recipes, so basic
           | medical stuff, like how to use antibiotics, electronics
           | knowledge, whatever. I don't have any books with stuff like
           | that like my parents used to. I have seen some examples of
           | backed up Wikipedia for offline usage and local llms etc and
           | am thinking of implementing something as a precaution for
           | these extreme events.
        
             | cynicalpeace wrote:
             | That's a very different problem than OP
             | 
             | You should keep physical books, food, and medication for a
             | SHTF scenario
             | 
             | "Back to Basics", "Where There Is No Doctor" and the Bible
             | are my SHTF books
             | 
             | You won't be coding in a SHTF scenario.
        
           | alt187 wrote:
           | Now I wonder, how has this become infeasible exactly?
        
           | lmc wrote:
           | > And over that time I've worked in many places around the
           | world, developing countries, tropical islands, small huts on
           | remote mountains. And I've lost maybe a day of work because
           | of connectivity issues. I've been deep in a rainforest during
           | a monsoon and still had 4g connection.
           | 
           |  _cries on a Bavarian train_
        
             | esperent wrote:
             | If it's any consolation, Bavaria is a beautiful part of the
             | world that's up there with any tropical island or
             | rainforest. I hope to visit again sometime.
        
         | giancarlostoro wrote:
         | > This is all wonderful and all but what happens when these
         | tools aren't available - you lose internet connection or the
         | agent is misconfigured or you simply ran out of credits. How
         | would someone support their business / software / livelihood?
         | 
         | This is why I suggest developers use the free time they gain
         | back writing documentation for their software (preferably in
         | your own words not just AI slop), reading official docs,
         | sharpening your sword, learning design patterns more
         | thoroughly. The more you know about the code / how to code, the
         | more you can guide the model to pick a better route for a
         | solution.
        
           | FitchApps wrote:
           | I'm seeing things that are seriously alarming though. Claude
           | can now write better documentation and document things 95%
           | there (we're building a set of MCP tools and API end-points
           | for a large enterprise..) - Claude is already either writing
           | code or fixing bugs or suggesting fixes. We have a PM, who
           | has access to both React and API projects, on our team who
           | saw one of the services return 500; they used Claude to
           | pinpoint the bug to exact database call and suggest a fix. So
           | now, it's quite common for PMs to not only post bugs but also
           | "suggested fixes" from the agents. In a not so distant
           | future, developers here will be simply redundant since PM can
           | just use Claude to code and support the entire app. Right
           | now, they still rely on us for support and deployments but
           | that could go away too.
        
             | 3371 wrote:
             | Well, if they make the decision to accept the suggestion
             | and it's wrong, that's on them. But if you do, that's on
             | you. LLM? How can your boss blame the LLM? Like yelling at
             | it?
        
               | giancarlostoro wrote:
               | This is the key factor. Sure you can ask an LLM to take
               | the place of a professional medical doctor, but that's on
               | you if you wind up making yourself worse because you
               | didn't seek a professional. That PM would be fired if the
               | code did not work out.
        
             | beepbooptheory wrote:
             | This doesn't really seem to be the point? Op is being
             | prescriptive, talking about what we should do, not about
             | what could be done.
             | 
             | Apply to anything else: you _could_ eat out at restaurants
             | every night, and it would do a great job in feeding you!
             | Think of all the productivity you would gain relying on
             | agential chefs. With restaurants even _I_ can eat like a
             | French chef, they have truly democratized food. And they do
             | a _perfect_ job these days executing dishes, only some
             | mistakes.
        
               | giancarlostoro wrote:
               | I do love restaurants you're really reading right through
               | me haha
        
               | exe34 wrote:
               | these chefs will only pour bleach in your food once in a
               | while!
        
             | Bnjoroge wrote:
             | PMs could have chosen to do this before, though. Sure, LLMs
             | obviously empower them but the main reason you have
             | developers is to have someone to be accountable to, and
             | they thus have to be extra careful and thoughtful about the
             | code they write. The PMs could come up with adhoc fixes but
             | unless they're also willing to be on the hook for the code,
             | then it's not terribly useful organizationally imo
        
         | luxcem wrote:
         | At some point it will get treated like infrastructure, what a
         | typical SWE is doing when cloudfare is broken or AWS is down.
        
           | newsoftheday wrote:
           | At most places I've worked, we can still get things done when
           | AWS/GCP/Azure/OCI are down. For my own selfhosted work, I'm
           | more self-reliant. But I'm aware there are some companies who
           | do 100% of their work within AWS/GCP/Azure/OCI and are
           | probably 100% down when they go down. That's a consequence of
           | how they decided to architect their apps, services and
           | infrastructure.
        
         | b_t_s wrote:
         | Same thing you do if AWS goes down. Same thing we used to do
         | back in the desktop days when the power went out. Heck one day
         | before WFH was common we all got the afternoon off 'cause the
         | toilets were busted and they couldn't keep 100 people in an
         | office with no toilets. Stuff happens. And if that's really not
         | acceptable, you invest in solutions with the understanding that
         | you're dumping a lot of cash into inefficient solutions for
         | rare problems.
        
           | pixl97 wrote:
           | Ya, I will say the argument isn't much different than "what
           | happens if there is no gas for your tractor".
        
             | drunkdora wrote:
             | i think its more like what if ur gps isnt working but
             | you're just supposed to drive down the block
        
         | empath75 wrote:
         | > - you lose internet connection or the agent is misconfigured
         | or you simply ran out of credits.
         | 
         | What happens when github goes down. You shrug and take a long
         | lunch.
        
           | newsoftheday wrote:
           | When GitHub goes down? I keep working, that's the point of a
           | distributed version control system.
        
             | 1718627440 wrote:
             | Yes, and when you do want to share with your colleagues
             | `git push /media/user/usb` takes a few seconds and plugging
             | an Ethernet cable into both computers and disabling ufw
             | takes a few minutes (when you need to find a cable first).
        
         | wodenokoto wrote:
         | The stack overflow era wasn't that long ago and none of us
         | could write a library call without consulting online sources.
         | 
         | You are at least a decade late to post fears about developers
         | reliance on the internet. It was complete well before the LLM
         | era
        
           | wizzwizz4 wrote:
           | I rely on the internet just as much as the rest of you. When
           | that goes down, I crack out man pages, and the local copy of
           | the documentation I can build from source code comments, and
           | (after a 5-minute delay while I figure out how to do that)
           | I'm back to programming. I'm probably half as quick, but I'm
           | also learning more (speeding me up when the internet _does_
           | come back on), so overall it 's not actually time lost.
        
             | raw_anon_1111 wrote:
             | Or I can just take a break, go to the gym downstairs, etc
             | ...
             | 
             | Before you go on about kids these days, my first time
             | coding was on an Apple //e in assembly.
        
           | 1718627440 wrote:
           | > none of us could write a library call without consulting
           | online sources.
           | 
           | I use SO quite often, but it is for questions I would
           | otherwise consult other people, because I can't figure it out
           | short of reverse-engineering something. For actual
           | documentation man pages and info documents are pretty
           | awesome. Honestly I dread leaving the world of libraries
           | shipped with my OS vendor, because the quality of
           | documentation drops _fast_.
        
         | greenie_beans wrote:
         | > This is all wonderful and all but what happens when these
         | tools aren't available - you lose internet connection or the
         | agent is misconfigured or you simply ran out of credits.
         | 
         | i would work on the hundreds of non-coding tasks that i need to
         | do. or just not work?
         | 
         | what do you do when github actions goes down?
        
           | LtWorf wrote:
           | Don't rely solely on github actions?
        
             | greenie_beans wrote:
             | it's only an example for a rhetorical question
        
         | seanmcdirmid wrote:
         | I invested in a beefy laptop that can run Qwen Coder locally
         | and it works pretty good. I really think local models are the
         | future, you don't have to worry about credits or internet
         | access so much.
        
           | jimmaswell wrote:
           | What are the specs, and how does it compare to Copilot or GPT
           | Codex?
        
             | seanmcdirmid wrote:
             | You can check out https://www.reddit.com/r/LocalLLaMA/comme
             | nts/1piq11p/mac_wit... for a sentiment of usefulness and
             | the specs of the machines running it. It will be some
             | variation of Max or Ultra level Apple silicon, and around
             | 64GB or more RAM. Oh, and an HN submission from 9 months
             | ago: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43856489
             | 
             | Copilot comparison:
             | 
             | Intelligence: Qwen2.5-Coder-32B is widely considered the
             | first open-source model to reach GPT-4o and Claude 3.5
             | Sonnet levels of coding proficiency. While Copilot (using
             | GPT-4o) remains highly reliable, Qwen often produces more
             | concise code and can outperform cloud models in specific
             | tasks like code repair.
             | 
             | Latency: Local execution on an M3 Max provides near-zero
             | network latency, resulting in faster "start-to-type"
             | responses than Copilot, which must round-trip to the cloud.
             | 
             | Reliability: Copilot is an all-in-one "vibe" that
             | integrates deeply into VS Code. Qwen requires local tools
             | like Ollama or MLX-LM and a plugin like Continue.dev to
             | achieve the same UX.
             | 
             | GPT-Codex:
             | 
             | Intelligence & Reasoning: In recent 2025-2026 benchmarks,
             | the Qwen3-Coder series has emerged as the strongest open-
             | source performer, matching the "pass@5" resolution rates of
             | flagship models like GPT-5-High. While OpenAI's latest
             | GPT-5.1-Codex-Max remains the overall leader in complex,
             | project-wide autonomous engineering, Qwen is frequently
             | cited as the better choice for local, file-specific logic.
             | 
             | Architecture & Efficiency: OpenAI models like GPT-OSS-20b
             | (a Mixture-of-Experts model) are optimized for extreme
             | speed and tool-calling. However, the M3 Max with 64GB is
             | powerful enough to run the Qwen3-Coder-30B or 32B models at
             | full fidelity, which provides superior logic to OpenAI's
             | smaller "mini" or "OSS" models.
             | 
             | Context Window: Qwen models offer substantial context (up
             | to 128K-256K tokens), which is comparable to OpenAI's
             | specialized Codex variants. This allows you to process
             | entire modules locally without the high per-token cost of
             | sending that data to OpenAI's servers.
        
         | direwolf20 wrote:
         | How would you answer the same question about water or
         | electricity?
         | 
         | Your pizza restaurant is all wonderful and all but what happens
         | when the continual supply of power to the freezer breaks? How
         | will you run your restaurant then?
        
         | cyanydeez wrote:
         | I think you laid out why so much mobey is being pressed into
         | this: its digital crack and if they can addict enough
         | businesses, they have subscription moats. Oraclification.
        
         | blub wrote:
         | Losing connectivity is a non-issue because it will come back
         | soon enough absent some global event. The realistic risks are
         | rather:
         | 
         | * all services are run at a loss and they increase price to the
         | point the corp doesn't want to pay for everyone any more.
         | 
         | * it turns out that our chats are used for corporate espionage
         | and the corps get spooked and cut access
         | 
         | * some dispute between EU and US happens and they cut our
         | access.
         | 
         | The solution's having EU and local models.
        
         | jillesvangurp wrote:
         | Why wouldn't these tools be available suddenly? Once you answer
         | the question, the challenge then becomes mitigating that
         | situation rather than doing things the old way. Like having
         | backup systems, SLAs from network and other providers, etc.
         | 
         | Actually, the last thing you probably want is somebody
         | reverting back to doing things the way we did them 20 years ago
         | and creating a big mess. Much easier to just declare an outage
         | and deal with it properly according to some emergency plan (you
         | do have one, right?).
         | 
         | CI/CD are relatively new actually. I remember doing that stuff
         | by hand. I.e. I compiled our system on my Desktop system,
         | created a zip file, and then me and our operations department
         | would use an ISDN line to upload the zip file to the server and
         | "deploy" it by unzipping it and restarting the server. That's
         | only 23 years ago. We had a Hudson server somewhere but it had
         | no access to our customer infrastructure. There was no cloud.
         | 
         | I can still do that stuff if I need to (and I sometimes do ;-)
         | ). But I wouldn't dream of messing with a modern production
         | setup like that. We have CI/CD for a reason. What if CI/CD were
         | to break? I'd fix it rather than adding to the problem by
         | panicking and doing things manually.
        
           | reycharles wrote:
           | > Why wouldn't these tools be available suddenly?
           | 
           | Take a look at how ridiculously much money is invested in
           | these tools and the companies behind them. Those investments
           | expect a return somehow.
        
             | vineyardmike wrote:
             | The models are already made. They can just run the very
             | useful models they have indefinitely, and they'd be
             | profitable. Or when they go under someone else can buy the
             | rights to the weights.
             | 
             | Anthropic, a common coding model provider, has said that
             | their models generate enough cash to cover their own
             | training costs before the next one is released. If they
             | stopped getting massive investments, they should be able to
             | coast with the models they have.
        
             | jillesvangurp wrote:
             | I look at this as cost savings waiting to happen. Nvidia
             | extorts companies to the extent of tens of thousands for a
             | GPU. Somebody's going to undercut them. At the same time,
             | people are working on optimizations as well. Using cheap
             | CPUs for inference instead of expensive GPUs. Doesn't work
             | for anything but if your model is small enough you can get
             | away with it. Using lower bit quantization makes the models
             | cheaper to run. Using hacks like prompt caching makes
             | subsequent calls more efficient. Etc.
             | 
             | Your base assumption is that it is expensive and therefore
             | these companies will eventually fail when they keep on
             | making less money than they are spending. The reality is
             | that they are indeed spending enormously now and making a
             | lot of very non linear progress. At the same time a lot of
             | that stuff is being widely published and quite a lot of it
             | is open source. At some point you might get consolidation
             | and maybe some companies indeed don't make it. But their
             | core tech will survive. Investors might be crying in a
             | corner. But that won't stop people from continuing to use
             | the tech in some form or another.
             | 
             | I already have a laptop that can some modestly largish
             | models locally. I'm not going to spend 40K or whatever on
             | something that can run a GPT 5 class model. But it's not
             | going to cost that in a few years either. This tech is here
             | to stay. We might pay more or less for it. The current
             | state is the worst it is ever going to be. It's going to be
             | faster, bigger, better, cheaper, more useful, etc. At some
             | point the curves flatten and people might start paying
             | attention to cost more. Maybe don't burn a lot of gas in
             | expensive and inefficient gas generators (as opposed to
             | more efficient gas power plants) and maybe use cheap
             | wind/solar instead. Maybe get some GPUs from a different
             | vendor at a lower price? Maybe take a look at algorithm
             | efficiencies, etc. There is a lot of room for optimization
             | in this market. IMHO surviving companies will be making
             | billions, will be running stuff at scale, and will be
             | highly profitable.
             | 
             | Maybe some investors won't get their money back. Shit
             | happens. That's why it's called venture capital. The web
             | bubble bursting didn't kill the web either.
        
         | DesaiAshu wrote:
         | On device models (deepseek-coder, etc) are very good // better
         | than the old way of using stack overflow on the internet. I
         | have been quite productive on long haul flights without
         | internet!
         | 
         | You're an engineer, your goal is to figure stuff out using the
         | best tools in front of you
         | 
         | Humans are resilient, they reliably perform (and throw great
         | parties) in all sorts of chaotic conditions. Perhaps the thing
         | that separates us most from AI is our ability to bring out our
         | best selves when baseline conditions worsen
        
           | Gallows4574 wrote:
           | I know this gets asked all the time, but what is your
           | preferred workflow when using local models? I was pretty deep
           | into it early on, with Tabby and Continue.dev, but once I
           | started using Claude Code with Opus it was hard to go back. I
           | do the same as you, and still use them on flights and
           | whatnot, but I think my implementation could be improved.
        
           | Bnjoroge wrote:
           | on-device models are still a tier or two below most frontier
           | models(really opus 4.5).
        
         | light_hue_1 wrote:
         | This is the argument that people used to fight against rich
         | customized IDEs like emacs for decades. What if you need to ssh
         | into a machine that only has baseline vi in an emergency?
         | 
         | I'll happily optimize my life for 99.999% of the time.
         | 
         | If the Internet is down for a long time, I've got bigger
         | problems anyway. Like finding food.
        
           | 1718627440 wrote:
           | > If the Internet is down for a long time, I've got bigger
           | problems anyway.
           | 
           | I don't know about you, but I don't connect to the internet
           | most of the time, and it makes more productive, not less.
        
         | bigbuppo wrote:
         | Well, you're supposed to pay for the Platinum Pro Gold Deluxe
         | package which includes priority support with an SLA so that six
         | months down the road you get a one month credit for the outage
         | that destroyed your business.
        
         | RA_Fisher wrote:
         | That reminds me of when teachers would say: what if you're
         | without a calculator? And yet we all have smartphones in our
         | pockets today with calculators.
        
           | davidmurdoch wrote:
           | Having a deep intuition about what the calculator is doing is
           | the skill we were actually being taught. Teachers don't know
           | always understand why things are being taught.
        
             | 1718627440 wrote:
             | > Teachers don't know always understand why things are
             | being taught.
             | 
             | Yes, but I don't think that is the actual bottleneck, even
             | when they do, most children probably don't care about
             | abstract goals, but rather about immediate skills in their
             | everyday life, or just the statement, that they will need
             | it.
        
               | davidmurdoch wrote:
               | I guess I'm just trying to suggest that teachers
               | sometimes might think they know why things are being
               | taught, and make claims like "you wont always have a
               | calculator" as the reason for learning mathematics.
               | 
               | One conclusion might be that it'd be better for some
               | students if teachers understood the why, as they might
               | change their approach on some subjects. An example:
               | knowing that certain equations and patterns EXIST, and
               | which kinds of problems they apply to, is generally much
               | more important that knowing the actual equations by heart
               | themselves.
        
           | palmotea wrote:
           | > That reminds me of when teachers would say: what if you're
           | without a calculator? And yet we all have smartphones in our
           | pockets today with calculators.
           | 
           | Your teachers had the right goal, but a bad argument.
           | Learning arithmetic isn't just about being able to do a
           | calculation. It's about getting your brain comfortable with
           | math. If you always have to pull out a goddamn calculator,
           | you'll be extremely limited.
           | 
           | Trust me, elementary-age me was dumb to not listen to those
           | teachers and to become so calculator-dependent.
        
           | 1718627440 wrote:
           | And yet calculating your shopping expenses to prevent getting
           | screwed by buggy vending machines, or quickly making rough
           | estimations at your work, is as useful as ever. Tell me how
           | you can learn calculus and group theory, when you skipped
           | primary school math.
        
         | raw_anon_1111 wrote:
         | What good would being able to "build my software" without
         | internet access unless I'm building software for a disconnected
         | desktop? Exactly what am I going to do with it? How am I going
         | to get to my servers?
        
           | zahlman wrote:
           | > unless I'm building software for a disconnected desktop?
           | 
           | ... Why wouldn't you build software that works there?
           | 
           | As I understand things, the purpose of computers is to run
           | software.
           | 
           | But more importantly, let's suppose your software _does_
           | require an Internet connection to function.
           | 
           |  _Why should that imply_ a requirement for _your development
           | environment_ to have one?
           | 
           | Why should that imply a requirement for a _code generation
           | tool_ to have one?
        
         | darkhorse222 wrote:
         | People used to and still say the same thing about GPS. As these
         | systems mature they stay up and become incorporated into our
         | workflows. The implication in the case of GPS was that
         | navigating on your own is not a very critical task anymore.
         | Correspondingly the implication here is that software design
         | and feature design are more important than coding or technical
         | implementation. Similar to Google, it's more important that you
         | know how and what to ask for rather than be able to generate it
         | yourself.
        
       | crvdgc wrote:
       | Among the six patterns identified, it's interesting that
       | "Iterative AI Debugging" takes more time (and possibly tokens)
       | but results in worse scores than letting AI do everything. So
       | this part really should be handed over to agent loops.
       | 
       | The three high score patterns are interesting as well.
       | "Conceptual Inquiry" actually results in less time and doesn't
       | improve the score than the other two, which is quite surprising
       | to me.
        
       | devnonymous wrote:
       | From the "Discussion" section:
       | 
       | > This suggests that as companies transition to more AI code
       | writing with human supervision, humans may not possess the
       | necessary skills to validate and debug AI-written code if their
       | skill formation was inhibited by using AI in the first place.
       | 
       | I'm reminded of "Kernighan's lever" :
       | 
       | > Everyone knows that debugging is twice as hard as writing a
       | program in the first place. So if you're as clever as you can be
       | when you write it, how will you ever debug it?
       | 
       | AI is writing code in the cleverest way possible which then
       | introduces cognitive load for anyone who hasn't encountered these
       | patterns previously. Although, one might say that AI would also
       | assist in the debugging, you run the risk of adding further
       | complexity in the process of 'fixing' the bugs and before you
       | know it you have a big stinking ball of mud.
        
         | Terretta wrote:
         | > _AI is writing code in the cleverest way possible ..._
         | 
         | On the contrary, without mastery guiding, AI writes code in the
         | most boilerplate way possible, even if that means compromising
         | logic or functionality.
         | 
         | > _... which then introduces cognitive load for anyone who hasn
         | 't encountered these patterns previously_
         | 
         | And for those who have. This is the enterprise Java effect. The
         | old trope is Java was designed to make all devs median and all
         | produce the same median code so enterprises don't have to worry
         | about the individual devs, it's all the same bowl of unflavored
         | oatmeal.
         | 
         | When you read code from vibe coding novice, it's difficult to
         | grok the intended logic because that's buried within these
         | chunks of enterprise pattern boilerplate as if the solution was
         | somehow regex'd at random from StackOverflow until some random
         | combination happened to pass a similarly randomized bag of
         | tests.
         | 
         | The cognitive load to reverse this mess into clean clear
         | expression of logic is very high whether a human or machine
         | "coded" this way.
         | 
         | In both cases, the antidote is caring for craft and mastery
         | first, with an almost pseudocode clarity in expressing the
         | desired outcome.
         | 
         | OK, but -- even this doesn't guarantee the result one wants.
         | 
         | Because even if the master writes the code themselves, they may
         | find their _intent_ was flawed. They expressed the intent
         | clearly, but their intention wasn 't helpful for the outcome
         | needed.
         | 
         | This is where rapid iteration comes in.
         | 
         | A master of software engineering may be able to iterate on
         | _intent_ faster with the LLM typing the code for them than they
         | can type and iterate on their own. With parallel work sessions,
         | they may be able to explore _intention space_ faster to reach
         | the outcome.
         | 
         | Each seasonal improvement in LLM models' ability to avoid
         | implementation errors while iterating this way makes the
         | software developer with mastery but lack of perfect pre-
         | visualization of intent more productive. Less time cleaning
         | novice coding errors, more cycles per hour iterating the design
         | in their head.
         | 
         | This type of productivity gain has been meaningful for this
         | type of developer.
         | 
         | At the same time, the "chain of thought" or "reasoning" loops
         | being built into the model are reaching into this intention
         | space, covering more of the prompt engineering space for devs
         | with less mastery being unable to express much less iterate
         | intent. This lets vibe "coders" imagine their productivity is
         | improving as well.
         | 
         | If the output of the vibe coder (usually product managers, if
         | you look closely) is considered to be something like a living
         | mockup and not a product, then actual software engineers can
         | take that and add the _*-ilities_ (supportability,
         | maintainability, etc. that the vibe coder has never specified
         | whether vibing or product managing).
         | 
         | Using a vibed prototype can accelerate the transfer of product
         | conception from the PM to the dev team more effectively than PM
         | just yelling at a dev tech lead that the dev hasn't understood
         | what the PM is saying the product should be. Devs can actually
         | help this process by ensuring the product "idea" person is
         | armed with a claude.md to orient the pattern medianizer machine
         | with the below the waterline stuff engineering teams know are
         | 80% of the cost-through-time.
         | 
         | There's not a lot of discussion of prototype vibing being a new
         | way for product owners and engineering teams to gain clarity
         | above the waterline, or whether it's productive. Here's a dirty
         | secret: it's more productive in that it's more protective of
         | the rarer skilset's time. The vibe time wasted is paid by the
         | product owner (hallelujah), the eng team can start with a
         | prototype the product owner iterated with while getting their
         | intent sorted out, so now engineerings iterations shift from
         | intent (PM headspace) to implementation (eng headspace).
         | 
         | Both loops were tightened.
         | 
         | > _you run the risk of adding further complexity in the process
         | of 'fixing' the bugs and before you know it you have a big
         | stinking ball of mud._
         | 
         | Iterating where the problem lies, uncoupling these separate
         | intention and iteration loops, addresses this paradox.
        
       | i_am_proteus wrote:
       | TLDR from the paper (https://arxiv.org/pdf/2601.20245)
       | 
       | >We find that AI use impairs conceptual understanding, code
       | reading, and debugging abilities, without delivering significant
       | efficiency gains on average.
        
       | jerf wrote:
       | If AIs were to plateau where they are for an extended period of
       | time, I definitely worry about their net effect on software
       | quality.
       | 
       | One of the things I worry about is people not even learning what
       | they can ask the computer to do properly because they don't
       | understand the underlying system well enough.
       | 
       | One of my little pet peeves, especially since I do a lot of work
       | in the networking space, is code that works with strings instead
       | of streams. For example, it is not that difficult (with proper
       | languages and libraries) to write an HTTP POST handler that will
       | accept a multi-gigabyte file and upload it to an S3 bucket,
       | perhaps gzip'ing it along the way, such that any size file can be
       | uploaded without reference to the RAM on the machine, by
       | streaming it rather than loading the entire file into a string on
       | upload, then uploading that file to S3, requiring massive amounts
       | of RAM in the middle. There's still a lot of people and code out
       | in the world that works that way. AIs are learning from all that
       | code. The mass of not-very-well-written code can overwhelm the
       | good stuff.
       | 
       | And that's just one example. A whole bunch of stuff that
       | proliferates across a code base like that and you get yet another
       | layer of sloppiness that chews through hardware and negates yet
       | another few generations of hardware advances.
       | 
       | Another thing is that, at the moment, code that is good for an AI
       | is also good for a human. They may not quite be 100% the same but
       | right now they're still largely in sync. (And if we are wise, we
       | will work to keep it that way, which is another conversation, and
       | we probably won't because we aren't going to be this wise at
       | scale, which is yet another conversation.) I do a lot of little
       | things like use little types to maintain invariants in my code
       | [1]. This is good for humans, and good for AIs. The advantages of
       | strong typing still work for AIs as well. Yet none of the AIs
       | I've used seem to use this technique, even with a code base in
       | context that uses this techique extensively, nor are they very
       | good at it, at least in my experience. They almost never
       | spontaneously realize they need a new type, and whenever they go
       | to refactor one of these things they utterly annihilate all the
       | utility of the type in the process, completely blind to the
       | concept of invariants. Not only do they tend to code in typeless
       | goo, they'll even turn well-typed code back into goo if you let
       | them. And the AIs are not so amazing that they overcome the
       | problems even so.
       | 
       | (The way these vibe coded code bases tend to become typeless
       | formless goo as you scale your vibe coding up is one of the
       | reasons why vibe coding doesn't scale up as well as it initially
       | seems to. It's good goo, it's neat goo, it is no sarcasm really
       | amazing that it can spew this goo at several lines per second,
       | but it's still goo and if you need something stronger than goo
       | you have problems. There are times when this is perfect; I'm just
       | about to go spray some goo myself for doing some benchmarking
       | where I just need some data generated. But not everything can be
       | solved that way.)
       | 
       | And who is going to learn to shepherd them through writing better
       | code, if nobody understands these principles anymore?
       | 
       | I started this post with an "if" statement, which wraps the whole
       | rest of the body. Maybe AIs will advance to the point where
       | they're really good at this, maybe better than humans, and it'll
       | be OK that humans lose understanding of this. However, we remain
       | a ways away from this. And even if we get there, it may yet be
       | more years away than we'd like; 10, 15 years of accreting this
       | sort of goo in our code bases and when the AIs that actually can
       | clean this up get here they may have quite a hard time with what
       | their predecessors left behind.
       | 
       | [1]:
       | https://jerf.org/iri/post/2025/fp_lessons_types_as_assertion...
        
       | rkagerer wrote:
       | Is anyone else concerned about the _huge_ , centralized
       | dependency AI introduces into your workflow?
       | 
       | This is one reason I've been resistant to using it. I _don 't
       | want_ my work to go to the companies providing the models. I
       | don't trust them. Not only with my data in the first place, but
       | also that they'll keep providing the service over the long term
       | without totally enshittifying the experience.
       | 
       | I'll be so much more excited by this when local models catch up
       | to (or even exceed) frontier-level quality. How close are we to
       | this?
       | 
       | (In my case, I don't even care if it costs a boatload in hardware
       | capital to deploy.)
        
         | direwolf20 wrote:
         | About as much as they're worried about AWS.
        
         | rkagerer wrote:
         | Is GLM 4.7 still leading in terms of local models?
        
         | AstroBen wrote:
         | I actually think this research points out why that isn't an
         | issue: used properly, AI can help you learn and act as support.
         | I'd also be fine if my LSP disappeared overnight. Kind of
         | annoying but meh I'll be fine
         | 
         | You should be concerned if you're outsourcing your work to it,
         | though. There's also no benefit to doing that outside of
         | laziness (the research shows no statistically significant
         | productivity improvement)
        
       | replwoacause wrote:
       | I guess its cool they published this paper, but the cynic in me
       | says this is more a PR/optics move to reinforce the narrative
       | that "we're an AI safety-first company" because "look see, we
       | published a study that undermines our own company's benefit",
       | while knowing full well that at the end of the day a majority of
       | people in AI decision making positions are always going to push
       | harder and harder for X thing to be done as fast as possible. So
       | while the warning is "nice" I suppose, it feels sort of like Sam
       | Altman talking about how OpenAI needs to be more regulated by the
       | government meanwhile authors, artists, and publishers are suing
       | because their work was actively being stolen.
       | 
       | Sure, it sounds good to call for more regulation, or admit that
       | there are downsides to your product, but when you know these
       | things are falling largely on deaf ears and you continue
       | operating business as usual, I wonder how much of it is just
       | theater.
        
       | Kiboneu wrote:
       | When coding agents are unavailable I just continue to code myself
       | or focus on architecture specification / feature descriptions.
       | This really helps me retain my skills, though there is some
       | "skew" (I'm not sure how to describe it, it's a feeling). Making
       | instructions to LLMs to me is pretty similar to doing the basic
       | software architecture and specification work that a lot of people
       | tend to skip (now, there's not choice and it's directly useful).
       | When you skip specification for a sufficiently complex project,
       | you likely introduce footguns along the way that slows down
       | development significantly. So what would one expect when they run
       | a bunch of agents based on a single sentence prompt?!
       | 
       | Like the architecture work and making good quality specs, working
       | on code has a guiding effect on the coding agents. So in a way,
       | it also benefits to clarify items that may be more ambiguous in
       | the spec. If I write some of the code myself, it will make fewer
       | assumptions about my intent when it touches it (especially when I
       | didn't specify them in the architecture or if they are difficult
       | to articulate in natural language).
       | 
       | In small iterations, the agent checks back for each task. Because
       | I spend a lot of time on architecture, I already have a model in
       | my mind of how small code snippets and feature will connect.
       | 
       | Maybe my comfort with reviewing AI code comes form spending a
       | large chunk of my life reverse engineering human code, to
       | understand it to the extent that complex bugs and vulnerabilities
       | emerge. I've spent a lot of time with different styles of code
       | writing from awful to "this programmer must have a permanent line
       | to god to do this so elegantly". The models is train on that, so
       | I have a little cluster of neurons in my head that's shaped
       | closely enough to follow the model's shape.
        
       | mriet wrote:
       | I'm already having flashbacks of how the tobacco industry
       | faired..
        
       | Bnjoroge wrote:
       | gotta say this is some impressive transparency for something that
       | seems to somehwat intersect with their business objective.
        
       | epolanski wrote:
       | > Importantly, using AI assistance didn't guarantee a lower
       | score. How someone used AI influenced how much information they
       | retained. The participants who showed stronger mastery used AI
       | assistance not just to produce code but to build comprehension
       | while doing so
       | 
       | This is my experience exactly. I have never been learning as much
       | as with AI.
       | 
       | It's interesting that numbers show most users _degrade_ but I
       | hate the general assumption that some cannot use it properly to
       | learn faster as well.
        
       | roark_howard wrote:
       | Guilt driven attempt to save jobs?
        
       | amelius wrote:
       | > We find that AI use impairs conceptual understanding, code
       | reading, and debugging abilities, without delivering significant
       | efficiency gains on average.
       | 
       | Ouch.
       | 
       | See also: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=46820924
       | 
       | > On average, participants in the AI group finished about two
       | minutes faster, although the difference was not statistically
       | significant. There was, however, a significant difference in test
       | scores: the AI group averaged 50% on the quiz, compared to 67% in
       | the hand-coding group
        
       | Wojtkie wrote:
       | This is interesting. I started teaching myself Polars and used
       | Claude to help me muscle through some documentation in order to
       | meet deadlines on a project.
       | 
       | I found that Claude wasn't too great at first at it and returned
       | a lot of hallucinated methods or methods that existed in Pandas
       | but not Polars. I chalk this up to context blurring and that
       | there's probably a lot less Polars code in the training corpus.
       | 
       | I found it most useful for quickly pointing me to the right
       | documentation, where I'd learn the right implementation and then
       | use it. It was terrible for the code, but helpful as a glorified
       | doc search.
        
       | siliconc0w wrote:
       | It's pretty insidious to think that these AI labs want you become
       | so dependent on them so that once the VC-gravy-train stops they
       | can hike the token price 10x and you'll still pay because you
       | have no other choice.
       | 
       | (thankfully market dynamics and OSS alternatives will probably
       | stop this but it's not a guarantee, you need like at least six
       | viable firms before you usually see competitive behavior)
        
         | Zababa wrote:
         | >It's pretty insidious to think that these AI labs want you
         | become so dependent on them so that once the VC-gravy-train
         | stops they can hike the token price 10x and you'll still pay
         | because you have no other choice.
         | 
         | I don't think that's true? From what I understand most labs are
         | making money from subscription users (maybe not if you include
         | training costs, but still, they're not selling at a loss).
         | 
         | >(thankfully market dynamics and OSS alternatives will probably
         | stop this but it's not a guarantee, you need like at least six
         | viable firms before you usually see competitive behavior)
         | 
         | OpenAI is very aggressive with the volume of usage you can get
         | from Codex, Google/DeepMind with Gemini. Anthropic reduced the
         | token price with the latest Opus release (4.5).
        
       | system2 wrote:
       | I respect Anthoropic for writing an article like this. I can't
       | imagine Sam Altman allowing someone to write something like this
       | that is not a 100% advertisement of their own products or
       | mightiness.
        
       | lifetimerubyist wrote:
       | [flagged]
        
         | wan23 wrote:
         | Is it good or bad when companies research their own products
         | and release the results honestly?
        
           | acedTrex wrote:
           | Anthropic is kinda odd in that it seems to be still largely a
           | research company that also has some products they sorta care
           | about.
        
           | lifetimerubyist wrote:
           | I just think it's hilarious that on one hand Anthropic will
           | do research that basically concludes that using AI assistance
           | makes you worse at your job.
           | 
           | While on the other hand want you to buy their AI assistance
           | products for obscene prices, and hope you get addicted to
           | them so you can never stop giving them money.
           | 
           | They also loudly brag about how none of their engineers
           | actually write code anymore - while the quality of their
           | products is actually dog.
           | 
           | It's worse than snakeoil that does nothing - it's like they
           | are selling you poison while telling you it'll kill you.
           | We're supposed to applaud them for being honest? It's a joke.
           | They are basically drug dealers getting high on their own
           | supply.
        
         | dang wrote:
         | Can you please make your substantive points thoughtfully,
         | rather than being snarky? This is in the site guidelines:
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html.
         | 
         | Also, please don't use quotation marks to make it look like
         | you're quoting someone when you aren't.
        
       | divbzero wrote:
       | In another half century, will this sound like "How compilers
       | impact the formation of assembly coding skills" sounds today?
        
         | gordonhart wrote:
         | Hinges on whether this new high level -> low level
         | transformation becomes reliable enough to build watertight
         | abstractions on top of it. If AI code becomes good enough that
         | you don't have to worry about the low-level representation
         | 99.9...% of the time, absolutely. But we're pretty far from
         | that at the moment and it's impossible to say where things will
         | be in another 50 years.
        
       | cleandreams wrote:
       | I'm anxious about code quality in critical infrastructure in 5
       | years or so.
       | 
       | Also my mastery of code starts with design and implementation
       | that results in deep, intuitive understanding. Then I can do good
       | code reviews and fix bugs fast fast fast.
       | 
       | Now engineers leap from AI assisted or even dominated
       | implementation to code reviews. Lots of reading code without that
       | deep level of mastery. With this approach I have less confidence
       | in the humans who are in the loop.
        
       | generalizations wrote:
       | From Plato's Phaedrus, on the invention of writing:
       | 
       | Theuth: "This invention, O king, will make the Egyptians wiser
       | and will improve their memories; for it is an elixir of memory
       | and wisdom that I have discovered."
       | 
       | Thamus replied: "Most ingenious Theuth, one man has the ability
       | to beget arts, but the ability to judge of their usefulness or
       | harmfulness to their users belongs to another; and now you, who
       | are the father of letters, have been led by your affection to
       | ascribe to them a power the opposite of that which they really
       | possess. For this invention will produce forgetfulness in the
       | minds of those who learn to use it, because they will not
       | practice their memory. Their trust in writing, produced by
       | external characters which are no part of themselves, will
       | discourage the use of their own memory within them.
       | 
       |  _You have discovered an elixir not of memory but of reminding;
       | and you offer your pupils the appearance of wisdom, not true
       | wisdom, for they will read many things without instruction and
       | will therefore seem to know many things,_ when they are for the
       | most part ignorant and hard to get along with, since they are not
       | wise, but only appear wise. "
       | 
       | Which is to say: "All this has happened before, and will happen
       | again."
        
       | buredoranna wrote:
       | Revealing AI is a tool, and like any other tool, its how you use
       | it.
       | 
       | If you use it with the express intent to learn, it is an amazing
       | tool.
       | 
       | If you use it as a crutch, it results in "learning avoidance".
        
       | jmatthews wrote:
       | I find this so hard to get my head around. I am wildly more
       | prolific with agentic coding. It's at minimum a 10x for the first
       | several iterations and when you get into the heavy detail part I
       | am still the choke point.
        
       | yalogin wrote:
       | Is this the equivalent of cigarette companies putting "smoking
       | kills" on their packaging?
        
       | oxag3n wrote:
       | > For novice workers in software engineering or any other
       | industry, our study can be viewed as a small piece of evidence
       | toward the value of intentional skill development with AI tools.
       | 
       | TL;DR it's not AI that makes you dumb, it's the wrong "Output
       | style" - just choose learning style.
        
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