[HN Gopher] LED lighting undermines visual performance unless su...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       LED lighting undermines visual performance unless supplemented by
       wider spectra
        
       Author : bookofjoe
       Score  : 196 points
       Date   : 2026-01-25 21:44 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.nature.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.nature.com)
        
       | userbinator wrote:
       | Very interesting. I've always thought that there was something a
       | bit "off" about LED torches and car headlamps; the brightness is
       | there, but something about the light just doesn't seem to
       | illuminate as well as an old dim incandescent or even fluorescent
       | tube.
        
         | rpcope1 wrote:
         | I get that they're more efficient in some sense, but man the
         | LED streetlights and other big lamps are so irritating and make
         | things like like such ass compared to mercury vapor or even
         | sodium lights.
        
           | VagabundoP wrote:
           | Even a colour filter would help with the harshness.
        
             | adrian_b wrote:
             | True, but that lowers the energy efficiency.
             | 
             | For LED lamps, the color must be controlled at the emission
             | source, not by filtering, i.e. by using an adequate
             | combination of different conversion phosphors, to ensure a
             | neutral white with a quasi-continuous spectrum, instead of
             | a bluish white with great narrow peaks in its spectrum.
             | 
             | Unfortunately, the phosphors for the latter variant are
             | much cheaper than for the former, so the lamp vendors have
             | the incentive to make the lamps as bad as possible.
        
               | yial wrote:
               | By must, is that only for energy efficiency?
               | 
               | I ask only because I was retrofitting some navigation
               | lights on a sailboat - and you can't just upgrade the
               | original incandescent bulbs with LEDs (or aren't supposed
               | to).
               | 
               | You are either supposed to get a special LED (backing up
               | what you're saying) or there are some new red/green
               | enclosures that are differently treated / tinted to then
               | put a "white" led into.
               | 
               | But I am so far from an expert on that, I may be
               | completely misunderstanding.
        
               | adrian_b wrote:
               | When you use any kind of filter for a lamp, that stops a
               | part of the light produced by the lamp, the part that has
               | an undesired color.
               | 
               | So, at the same electric power consumption you have less
               | light, or you can compensate by using a more powerful
               | lamp, to get the same amount of light even with a filter.
               | In both cases the energy efficiency becomes worse, i.e.
               | the expenses for electric power are greater per output
               | light.
               | 
               | On the other hand, when the manufacturer of the lamp
               | controls inside the lamp the conversion of the light
               | produced by the LED through fluorescence into the light
               | that exits the lamp, there are chances to obtain a
               | desired color and a certain shape of the emission
               | spectrum by wasting less light than with external
               | filters.
               | 
               | Filtering can correct a lamp color that is not the color
               | that you want, but it cannot fill gaps in the emission
               | spectrum of the lamp.
               | 
               | Cheap white LED lamps not only may have a too bluish
               | color (or in some cases a too yellowish color), but their
               | emission spectra may have gaps, so if a natural object
               | from the environment happens to have a color that falls
               | in a gap of the LED lamp spectrum, it will appear much
               | darker than in daylight. This can cause orientation
               | problems or difficulties in identifying certain things.
               | 
               | Where LEDs are used for signalling, not for lighting, so
               | pure colors are desirable, much less problems exist, so
               | e.g. the replacement in the red or yellow signal lights
               | of cars, of the old incandescent lamps with color
               | filters, with monochromatic LEDs without color filters,
               | has posed no difficulties.
        
           | skandinaff wrote:
           | True. Yet, somehow more and more cities install them blindly
           | because efficiency. I remember when I moved to Odense Denmark
           | in 2013 - they had LED street lights all over the place. I
           | thought - this is the future compared to my uderdeveloped
           | post soviet Latvia. And yet, I remeber when I moved back,
           | streets at night looked so yellow because the city still
           | relied on sodium lights. And my eyes felt much more
           | comfortable. At the time I wrote it off to nostalgia or
           | something, and here we are.
        
         | orbital-decay wrote:
         | They're saying that the visual performance is indirectly
         | affected by invisible wavelengths somehow. Not that you can see
         | the difference between two types.
        
           | siffin wrote:
           | They are saying that, and most real world LED lighting uses
           | very cheap diodes, like, 99.9999% of them, which create very
           | poor colour compared with incandescent bulbs, which create
           | perfect colour representation.
           | 
           | It's a big thing and you can buy LEDs which produce a better
           | colour range, but they're much more expensive and not as
           | energy efficient, because creating bold reds costs hard
           | energy that no diode trick will ever get around that.
        
             | orbital-decay wrote:
             | _> They are saying that, and most real world LED lighting
             | uses very cheap diodes, like, 99.9999% of them, which
             | create very poor colour compared with incandescent bulbs,
             | which create perfect colour representation._
             | 
             | Have you actually read the study? It's about infrared and
             | has nothing to do with color rendering and visible
             | spectrum. They're vaguely speculating about some
             | mitochondrial mechanism of action not related to vision at
             | all.
        
               | AlanYx wrote:
               | That's the interesting thing about this study. A lot of
               | people here are speculating around explanations connected
               | to metamerism, but the control (Figs 7 and 9) partly
               | rules that out.
        
         | nicoburns wrote:
         | It's usually the Color Rendering Index (the spectrum of
         | frequencies that the light puts out). Incandescent bulbs more
         | of less mimic that of the Sun, they are "black body radiators".
         | Cheap LEDs tend to be missing a lot of the red spectrum.
         | 
         | However, you can get LEDs that do this well. Look for one with
         | a "CRI" of 95% or higher.
        
           | kuschku wrote:
           | There's a massive difference between the 2600K of regular
           | incandescent bulbs, and the 6000K of sunlight. That's why
           | hollywood used HMIs until they migrated to LED.
        
             | nicoburns wrote:
             | There is, but most humans are used to the spectral pattern
             | of black body radiators at all color temperatures. Be that
             | sunlight at higher temperatues or fires / candlelight at
             | lower temperatures.
        
               | kuschku wrote:
               | Regular exposure to fire/candlelight has only existed for
               | a hundredthousand years, while mitochondria have existed
               | almost unchanged for millions of years.
               | 
               | So even that assumption would require further study.
        
             | scythe wrote:
             | For professional applications there are sulfur plasma lamps
             | which have a continuous spectrum at high efficiency.
             | Unfortunately they aren't economical below about 1000 watts
             | which is impractical for many applications.
             | 
             | The technology basically works by continuously microwaving
             | (think oven) a small amount of sulfur gas. The development
             | of solid-state microwave emitters -- most microwave
             | generation is still done with vacuum tubes -- might help
             | miniaturize the devices. However, it's hard to beat the
             | simplicity of an LED.
        
               | zahirbmirza wrote:
               | wow - had no idea these things existed, fascinating.
        
           | RivieraKid wrote:
           | The CRI is an imperfect metric, I watch for both CRI and R9,
           | both should be high.
        
         | Saris wrote:
         | Yes lots of them use cheap LEDs with poor CRI, high color
         | temperature, and a huge blue spike in the spectrum. All of that
         | leads to a very bright looking light that also doesn't let you
         | see detail very well.
        
       | mjmas wrote:
       | Someone please tell the Australian government now that we've
       | essentially banned other forms of lighting. (except fluorescent)
        
         | novok wrote:
         | You can't buy heat lamps? They are even more infrared and last
         | longer.
         | 
         | Also LED lighting can have infrared, have a significantly more
         | smoother spectrum curve and still last +20k hours without
         | burnout. The cheaper bulb spectra that they show is a blue led
         | + phosphor coating, but there are infrared LEDs, UV leds, and
         | more. You can make quite the convincing sun simulation, even
         | better than any incandescent bulb, but there is almost no
         | demand for UV + Infrared super full spectrum lighting
         | unfortunately. Only movie & theater lights come close.
        
           | krackers wrote:
           | >LED lighting can have infrared, have a significantly more
           | smoother spectrum curve and still last +20k hours without
           | burnout
           | 
           | Do you have a link to a bulb that you can purchase meeting
           | all these criteria? The only one I'm aware of was this
           | obscure "StarLike" that was never actually sold in bulk. LEDs
           | can be made good in theory sure, but in practice they are all
           | terrible in light quality compared to a standard
           | incandescent.
           | 
           | https://budgetlightforum.com/t/sunlike-vs-starlike/64155/7
        
             | novok wrote:
             | You would need to see the spectra of the various LEDs
             | available and create a mix along with phosphor mixes. The
             | closest thing is something like a BLAIR-CG light engine
             | from aputure where they have something like 9 different
             | colors of LEDs that mix together, but they don't put any
             | infrared leds in them because they are for movies and they
             | don't put any UVB or proper UVA leds. But there are
             | infrared, UVA & UVB LEDs that you could apply the same kind
             | of engineering principle to make something that closely
             | follows the sun spectra.
             | 
             | No, you can't buy them as bulbs. The closest thing is those
             | red light therapy panels that include them.
        
               | krackers wrote:
               | Actually I looked again at YujiLED offerings, and they
               | now have a standard A19 bulb that outputs NIR.
               | 
               | https://store.yujiintl.com/collections/high-cri-led-
               | bulbs/pr...
               | 
               | You're paying through the nose though, but it finally
               | exists now.
        
         | u1hcw9nx wrote:
         | You can buy full spectrum LED lights (99 CRI, or grow lamps)
         | 
         | The article uses LED as synonym for typical LED lightning.
        
           | ale42 wrote:
           | How is "full spectrum" defined in this case? Visible spectrum
           | is not the subject of the paper, as they care about infrared.
        
             | krackers wrote:
             | Also even limited to visible spectrum, I have not seen any
             | 99 CRI bulbs. The highest one I have ever found are the 98
             | CRI by YujiLED, but you pay around $35 for a single bulb.
             | It is absolutely not "easy" to get flicker-free high CRI
             | bulbs, let alone ones that cover the infrared range.
        
               | KennyBlanken wrote:
               | Phillips, GE, Cree, and others sell high-CRI bulbs.
               | 
               | 10 years ago you had to work to find high CRI bulbs but
               | could still find Cree bulbs pretty easily. Now you can
               | get high CRI bulbs at the grocery store.
               | 
               | High CRI bulbs generally have low or no flicker because
               | high CRI is toward the premium end of the market.
               | 
               | IR emission is not a "feature", it's a bug.
        
               | krackers wrote:
               | Almost all of the bulbs you can find at a hardware store
               | (let alone grocery store) exhibit terrible 120hz flicker.
               | I know because I've literally tried every single one.
               | Also it's not hard to get "high" (~90-94) CRI while
               | nonetheless having terrible deep reds.
               | 
               | Out of the manufacturers you listed, only Philips Ultra
               | Definition (95 CRI, R9 90) have low flicker and good R9.
               | Unfortunately they are poorly made and I have to keep
               | buying new packs each year but it's more cost effective
               | than Yuji for lesser used areas.
               | 
               | Also the claim from TFA is that NIR component improves
               | visual performance (and I've read elsewhere that NIR also
               | has health benefits).
        
               | ChadNauseam wrote:
               | How about Phillips flicker-free "warm glow" bulbs? I
               | honestly have a hard time believing that they flicker
               | because I can literally unscrew the bulb and watch it dim
               | gradually over the course of a second. Which indicates to
               | me that there's a capacitor in front of the LED drivers
               | smoothing the current out. (Which I guess is required to
               | be compatible with triac dimmers anyway.)
        
               | TeMPOraL wrote:
               | Huh, through experience with (mostly non-premium) LED
               | bulbs, I've learned to interpret "gradually dims over the
               | course of a second" an an early indicator of imminent
               | bulb failure.
        
               | ale42 wrote:
               | Never tried those, but speaking about flicker, some LED
               | lamps flicker not because of the mains frequency (50/60
               | Hz depending on where you live) but because of their
               | internal switching power supplies.
        
               | krackers wrote:
               | It's mostly a crapshoot even within the same model line.
               | Even under "Philips UltraDefinition" some styles have
               | high flicker while others don't. I'm not sure being
               | dimmable is any guarantee of smoothing quality, in fact
               | dimming is usually implemented with PWM as I understand
               | so the easy solution to avoid flicker of chucking a
               | smoothing capacitor on there might make it harder to
               | implement dimming. (To dim properly without noticeable I
               | think you'd have to PWM in the kHz range. Even cheap CFLs
               | necessarily had the technology to operate on this
               | frequency, for some reason it seems rare for LEDs to do
               | it.)
               | 
               | https://optimizeyourbiology.com/light-bulb-database
        
               | navigate8310 wrote:
               | Have you tried LEDVance?
        
               | ale42 wrote:
               | > IR emission is not a "feature", it's a bug.
               | 
               | If you look at energy efficiency, it totally is. But the
               | whole point in the discussion is that IR _might_
               | (according to the paper) have biological relevance.
        
               | u1hcw9nx wrote:
               | Specialized stores or online. If enough people start
               | buying them, they become popular and cheaper.
        
               | nicoburns wrote:
               | https://www.waveformlighting.com/ sell 99 CRI LEDs.
               | They're in strip form not bulb form, and they're
               | definitely expensive, but they are available.
        
           | RobotToaster wrote:
           | Call me when there's lights with a cri r9 of 99
        
         | dangus wrote:
         | Typical electricity rates in Australia are up to 40c/kWh or so.
         | 
         | Do you really think $5 AUD per month per bulb that you're
         | running 8 hours a day is worth it for better spectrum quality?
        
           | mjmas wrote:
           | Are we also going to ban powerful computers since they use
           | lots of power?
        
             | Scoundreller wrote:
             | I hope they don't come for my 386 with 14" CRT
        
             | yehat wrote:
             | Sad to say, but concerning the PC, seems we're moving in
             | that direction pretty fast.
        
             | kuschku wrote:
             | High-powered computers are a niche issue, which means on a
             | society level there's little benefit to restricting them.
             | 
             | Lightbulbs on the other hand affect all of society, so
             | they've got a much larger impact to the overall CO2 budget.
             | 
             | Additionally, the average person uses a laptop or mobile
             | devices, all of which use less power than even a single
             | typical incandescent bulb (and people usually have many
             | lightbulbs).
             | 
             | Replacing incandescent bulbs with LEDs saves a lot of CO2
             | at basically zero cost, while getting rid of computers
             | saves less CO2 for a much larger economic impact.
             | 
             | And even the effect described by this article has to be
             | looked at in context, considering most of the light people
             | experience in a day -- and have experienced for the since
             | homo sapiens existed -- is natural sunlight, even in
             | northern Europe during the winter (that's why EU law
             | mandates windows with sunlight in every office, apartment,
             | bedroom, etc.)
        
             | dangus wrote:
             | There are efficiency standards and laws for large
             | appliances.
             | 
             | This isn't some kind of controversial subject. Ensuring
             | home appliances don't overconsume energy is beneficial for
             | everyone in society.
             | 
             | You don't want to have brownouts, blackouts, or run out of
             | heating gas/oil in the winter.
             | 
             | You bring up the idea of regulating computer equipment
             | power efficiency as if it's crazy talk but it's a real
             | thing in concept. Governments do offer guidance and
             | sometimes regulate computer efficiency. They have
             | efficiency standards (e.g. Energy Star) as well as relying
             | on industry standards (e.g. "80 Plus").
             | 
             | Take a look at your computer monitor or TV box and it
             | probably has an energy star logo somewhere if you live in
             | the US.
             | 
             | The US federal government and other state and local
             | agencies will not buy computer products that aren't energy
             | star compliant, and encourages businesses and individual to
             | follow similar standards. Other countries might regulate
             | further than these (dis)incentives.
             | 
             | https://www.energy.gov/femp/purchasing-energy-efficient-
             | comp...
             | 
             | And if you bring up data centers, those are considered
             | productive industry that has its own regulations different
             | than home regulations. Plenty of things legal in industrial
             | series aren't legal in your house.
        
       | noosphr wrote:
       | I have incandescent light bulbs at home I have to pretty much
       | smuggle from China. It's amazing how we're replaying the asbestos
       | playbook a century later. Only this time it's government
       | mandated.
        
         | rrr_oh_man wrote:
         | > It's amazing how we're replaying the asbestos playbook a
         | century later
         | 
         | Can you elaborate?
        
           | wincy wrote:
           | I'm guessing the Russian theory that asbestos is totally fine
           | and isn't harmful? The Russians still use asbestos and say
           | it's a plot by the west that we got rid of asbestos in our
           | buildings. (Don't shoot the messenger here, I have no dog in
           | this fight and am not expressing an opinion)
        
             | orbital-decay wrote:
             | You are expressing disinformation. The actual regulations
             | are very different from what you make it seem.
        
             | throwaway173738 wrote:
             | Asbestos is totally safe as long as it's not friable and
             | you don't sand it or disturb the fibers. Mesothelioma was a
             | major problem if you were repeatedly exposed to asbestos.
             | It's present in nature and especially in soil in small
             | concentrations. What makes it dangerous is if you're
             | constantly breathing it in. You would be doing that if you
             | ran a buffer over asbestos tile for years, or if you worked
             | in a space with asbestos pipe insulation, or if your job
             | was to install asbestos siding or sheet flooring or
             | formica(many adhesives contained it). Even gypsum wallboard
             | contained asbestos up through the 80's. It's precisely its
             | ubiquity as a building material that makes it dangerous
             | because people are constantly disturbing it occupationally.
        
               | orbital-decay wrote:
               | The problem is that not disturbing the fibers is
               | impossible if you work with it at all, and workers in
               | Russia still suffer from life-changing injuries.
               | Disposing of it safely is also not realistically
               | possible. The regulator just doesn't care, it's as simple
               | as that. Of course they don't "think it's safe" as GP
               | said, there's a ton of research and practice on the
               | opposite and they set a specific (pretty low) limit on
               | the exposure. But they turn a blind eye to the fact it's
               | impossible to enforce and will never be followed in
               | practice as long as asbestos is still being used
               | anywhere. This is why asbestos use is banned everywhere,
               | and this is the issue with Russian regulations, they give
               | a tiny bit of economy a priority over public health,
               | using the convenient research that pretty much
               | "natiagivaet sovu na globus" in trying to downplay the
               | hazard, if you actually read the relevant studies in
               | Russian.
        
           | sb057 wrote:
           | There's a mostly-unsubstantiated-by-data belief that LED
           | lighting can cause health problems by some combination of
           | flickering and narrow color spectrum.
        
             | NotGMan wrote:
             | There's a mostly-unsubstantiated-by-data belief that LED
             | lighting can NOT cause health problems by some combination
             | of flickering and narrow color spectrum.
        
               | AshamedCaptain wrote:
               | Do you have evidence that this rock doesn't keep tigers
               | away?
        
             | noosphr wrote:
             | I guess you know better than the scientist studying it: htt
             | ps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S004896972..
             | .
        
               | tuyiown wrote:
               | Looks to me that _you_ conclude it's related to LED, I
               | couldn't find that stated in the abstract, it might just
               | be related to a general increase of artificial
               | lightening, regardless of the source.
        
               | Orygin wrote:
               | Where does this article mention LED lights vs other types
               | of artificial light-at-night? What I could find regarding
               | light color:
               | 
               | > However, most studies relied on satellite-images with a
               | very low resolution (1 to 5 km, from the Defense
               | Meteorological Program [DMSP]) and without information on
               | color of light
               | 
               | > noted that data quality suffered from many limitations
               | due to the types of satellite images used and the focus
               | in the vast majority on visual light levels only rather
               | than considering the circadian-relevant blue light
               | component, among others. Future studies should consider
               | improved satellite-based ALAN technologies with improved
               | resolution and information on spectral bands and apply
               | these technologies to a variety of cancer sites to yield
               | better estimates for the potential risks between ALAN and
               | cancer.
               | 
               | So nothing conclusive about LED being bad for your health
               | (vs other types of light).
        
               | yehat wrote:
               | You're playing so defensive (for LEDs) wonder why - just
               | to argue? If one uses the same logic - does anybody
               | states that LED are GOOD for the health? What the lack of
               | such statements means - they're bad, or have no effect?
               | At the end - is it your business at all if I want to use
               | incandescent lights, or CFLs, because I find them more
               | suitable for my personal needs in MY home?
        
               | direwolf20 wrote:
               | Maybe it causes eyestrain. It's unlikely to cause cancer.
               | It reduces energy use, which reduces smog, which reduces
               | cancer.
        
               | Orygin wrote:
               | No I just refute a claim on which the provided source
               | does not prove or indicate in any way. I'm not arguing
               | LED to be better or worse, I'm just looking at a proof of
               | some kind to what is argued.
               | 
               | But it seems like it's too much to ask? I should just
               | accept whatever comments I read without any critical
               | thinking?
        
               | noosphr wrote:
               | It assumes basic knowledge of the spectrum of various
               | light sources. All white LEDs have a spike in the blue
               | spectrum that incandescents don't:
               | https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Spectrum-of-a-white-
               | LED-...
        
           | noosphr wrote:
           | Asbestos was pushed as a magical solution to problems of fire
           | in homes without paying attention to the health effects. It
           | took 80 years for the obvious to become law.
           | 
           | Leds are pushed as a solution to energy consumption by humans
           | without paying any attention to the health effects. Hopefully
           | it will be less than 80 years of cancers and metabolic
           | disruption before the obvious is done.
           | 
           | But this time the regulation was captured pre-emptively, to
           | the point that following best scientific advice for your
           | health is illegal is most of the developed world.
        
             | Orygin wrote:
             | > But this time the regulation was captured pre-emptively,
             | to the point that following best scientific advice for your
             | health is illegal is most of the developed world.
             | 
             | Please cite your sources then. And no the other article you
             | linked is not proving your claim
        
             | direwolf20 wrote:
             | LEDs being ugly or causing eyestrain is one thing. But
             | _cancer_? There 's very little chance that LED lighting
             | causes cancer. We don't have a plausible mechanism for
             | that.
        
               | noosphr wrote:
               | There are no white LEDs. Just blue LEDs with coatings
               | that convert a fraction of blue/violet light into lower
               | energy colours. They work the same way that fluorescent
               | light do.
               | 
               | This means that LEDs produce a much higher amount of blue
               | light that incandescents:
               | https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Spectrum-of-a-white-
               | LED-...
               | 
               | Blue/violet light is known to cause cancer for a century
               | now: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41416-020-01231-7
        
         | cglouch wrote:
         | where do you purchase yours out of curiosity? My incandescent
         | light bulb dealer on Ebay stopped selling them...
        
       | AshamedCaptain wrote:
       | Why is it that right now there is still on the frontpage of an
       | "article being found flawed after 6k citations " (
       | https://statmodeling.stat.columbia.edu/2026/01/22/aking/ ) but
       | this random article coming out of nowhere makes the front page on
       | the same day?
       | 
       | People really should get it and stop sharing newly published
       | papers to the general public. The value of one single academic
       | paper is exactly 0. Even a handful of such articles still has 0
       | value to the general public. This is only of interest to other
       | academics (or labs, countries, etc.) who may have the power to
       | reproduce it in a controlled environment.
       | 
       | Be very skeptical of correlations like this that have dubious or
       | poorly understood causation. Be even more skeptical if they are
       | about day-to-day stuff that would likely have large swaths of
       | people able to reproduce something like it on huge scales yet
       | they haven't. Extraordinary claims require extraordinary
       | evidence.
        
         | novok wrote:
         | You can also look at all the papers it's citing too...
        
         | angry_octet wrote:
         | This article is not making an extraordinary claim, and your
         | offence is hyperbolic. Analysis of research should not be
         | restricted to the academe, but careful not to cherry puck
         | research.
        
           | boxed wrote:
           | It seems like a pretty extraordinary claim to me.
           | 
           | Considering the percentage of live mitochondria that are
           | exposed to external light in a human this seems like an
           | enormous effect. The effect we'd expect from publication bias
           | though is already pretty big. I'm going to go with the latter
           | until we've got some replication, and a plausible mechanism
           | (like.. why wouldn't whales be badly sick if this was a
           | thing?).
        
             | angry_octet wrote:
             | I don't know about the mitochondria bit, but it is
             | plausible that work performance is affected by light
             | spectrum. The n=22 is too small, but replication or larger
             | studies is an obvious next step. Let's hope the researchers
             | in this field use pre registration.
        
             | adrian_b wrote:
             | The article mentions that unlike visible light, which is
             | mostly absorbed by the skin, near infrared light penetrates
             | deep into the body and the lowest frequencies of the Solar
             | spectrum pass through the entire body.
             | 
             | This explains why most mitochondria are exposed to infrared
             | light, even those deep in the body.
             | 
             | The article also mentions an inhibiting effect of blue and
             | violet light upon mitochondria. For that it should be valid
             | what you say, that this effect can happen only in the
             | superficial layer of the body, because both skin and blood
             | strongly absorb such light.
        
               | boxed wrote:
               | Even if that is true, we humans tend to have clothes on,
               | and keep indoors. Considering that the sun is WAY
               | brighter (several orders of magnitude) than fluorescent
               | bulbs are, this still sounds implausible, if you compare
               | it to just going outside for a while.
        
       | HNisCIS wrote:
       | No mention of CRI which seems kind of odd. LEDs for lighting are
       | increasingly graded by how natural their emission spectrum is.
       | Older lights are quite bad, newer ones sacrifice a tiny bit of
       | performance for more uniform spectrum.
        
         | novok wrote:
         | CRI is a pretty bad rating system. They are showing the full
         | spectrum graphs which is what you'd want anyway. Spectral
         | Similarity Index (SSI) is the better number
        
           | HNisCIS wrote:
           | Sure, but I don't see them mention what they're actually
           | using for LEDs at all. They mention a "colour fidelity index"
           | but I'd expect a manufacturer part number or something so I
           | can pull the datasheet.
           | 
           | Funny enough, the best evidence for this study is that they
           | should probably move somewhere with more sunlight if they
           | can't spell "color" right... /s
        
             | novok wrote:
             | They are not using an index much, they are showing you
             | actual spectral graphs. Ask an AI to understand how that is
             | the actual info you'd want.
        
               | HNisCIS wrote:
               | Is "ask an AI" the new rtfm?
        
         | hedora wrote:
         | They use rf numbers, which is a newer standard, so that's
         | probably good.
         | 
         | However, the experimental group (extra light sources) got rf 91
         | bulbs, and the control ("LED lighting") got rf 85 bulbs.
         | 
         | The two scales are not exactly comparable, but they both max
         | out at 100. The only source I could find that discusses both
         | says that > 90 CRI is "excellent" and just below that is "very
         | good". It says > 85 rf is "very good", which tells me it's
         | comparable to a mid-80's CRI bulb.
         | 
         | If I accidentally buy a mid-80 CRI bulb, I either return it to
         | the store, or just throw it away.
         | 
         | So, I'd say this study's experimental setup doesn't support any
         | useful conclusions. They showed that so-painfully-bad-
         | California-won't-subsidize-them LEDs are worse than passable
         | LEDs with supplementation from another light source.
         | 
         | The passable LEDs in the study are probably comparable to the
         | cheap ones at our local hardware store, but worse than the ones
         | that cost $10-20 on amazon ten years ago.
         | 
         | This would have been much more interesting if they'd compared
         | high-end LEDs with and without supplementation, and found a
         | difference. (And by "high-end", I mean "still much cheaper then
         | the electricity they save")
        
         | sho_hn wrote:
         | Out of curiosity:
         | 
         | a) How do Philips Hue bulbs stack up?
         | 
         | b) Did Philips update them generationally and assuming they are
         | decent now, how recently?
        
         | wendy_kroy wrote:
         | I think CRI is not important here as thats a measure in the
         | visual spectrum. The paper talks about all the missing
         | wavelength outside of the visual spectrum.
        
         | elric wrote:
         | What is the relationship between CRI and how broad (or narrow)
         | the spectrum output by the LED is? Is CRI automatically better
         | for broader-spectrum LEDs? Or is that too simplistic?
        
           | fragmede wrote:
           | Slightly overly simplistic because the broader-spectrum LEDs
           | could be broad-but-spikey for their output, resulting in
           | light that is broad spectrum, but has a bad CRI (because it's
           | eg really blue).
        
       | marcosdumay wrote:
       | Just to point to anybody that comes here directly, the article
       | has no relation at all with perceived illumination, color
       | fidelity, or anything else people complain about leds.
       | 
       | It's an interesting niche topic that you may want your working
       | place to notice if you work indoors.
        
       | herf wrote:
       | There is a 15-30% difference between the groups at baseline (fig
       | 8c-9c, 8d-9d), about the same magnitude as the claimed effect of
       | the experimental condition.
       | 
       | I think the result would be much stronger if these baselines were
       | comparable, so they show they have accounted for other variables
       | like time of day and light history. I am also skeptical of any
       | effect in the retina lasting 6 weeks, with no fading.
       | 
       | Consider that people are often exposed to much more infrared
       | light outdoors, so "worked under a relatively dim incandescent
       | lamp" is not a particularly novel stimulus. Imagine that any of
       | these people spent time outdoors during the six weeks - thousands
       | of times more infrared light there.
        
         | londons_explore wrote:
         | Indeed - these study results are fairly substantial _if_ they
         | can be independently reproduced by more studies at bigger
         | scales.
        
       | bob1029 wrote:
       | I've been using incandescent more often. All my vanity lights are
       | 40w appliance bulbs now. The difference at night is remarkable.
       | The LED is just too much even at 2700k. I still prefer LED for
       | high power situations like br30/40 can lights.
        
       | PeterStuer wrote:
       | Was just discussing last week with a colleague how for the same
       | 'lumen' there was such a dramatic difference between led and
       | incandescent bulbs for ease of reading paper books.
        
         | Cthulhu_ wrote:
         | Which one of the two was better for it?
        
           | PeterStuer wrote:
           | Incandescent, by miles. Not even in the same ballpark. Even
           | just candlelight beats led.
        
             | adrian_b wrote:
             | There are very great differences in light quality between
             | various kinds of LED lamps.
             | 
             | You may have various LED lamps, all of which appear to have
             | the same white color, but their spectra are very different.
             | Those with narrow spectral peaks are very bad lighting
             | sources, while those with wide spectral peaks, achieved by
             | using multiple kinds of conversion phosphors, are much
             | better lighting sources.
             | 
             | With the best LED lamps, there is not much difference in
             | comparison with incandescent lamps. While incandescent
             | lamps are best from the point of view of their continuous
             | spectrum, their yellow light strongly modifies the
             | perceived colors. While bluish white LEDs (e.g. of 6500 K
             | color temperature) are also bad, neutral white LEDs (e.g.
             | 5000 K or 5500 K) provide much better color perception than
             | incandescent lamps.
             | 
             | For home lighting I prefer a white that is only very
             | slightly yellowish, i.e. 4000 K lamps, instead of LED lamps
             | with a higher color temperature or of incandescent lamps,
             | which are so obviously yellow that no clothes have the same
             | color as in daylight.
             | 
             | The best quality of lighting can be achieved by
             | incandescent lamps in conjunction with frequency-selective
             | filters, which modify their spectra to resemble the spectra
             | of a blackbody with a higher temperature, like the Sun.
             | 
             | Such filtered incandescent lamps were used a very long time
             | ago, to provide lighting for color photography, movies and
             | television (e.g. for the original white point of NTSC), but
             | they were abandoned due to high cost and due to an
             | exceedingly low energy efficiency.
             | 
             | As I have mentioned in another comment, filtered
             | incandescent lamps might see a revival, but implemented
             | with very different technologies than those used a century
             | ago.
        
             | imp0cat wrote:
             | To put it bluntly, it could also be that your LED light
             | sources are low-CRI junk.
        
               | bayindirh wrote:
               | I use 90CRI LED lights where I study. They are Philips'
               | non-flickering, dimmable, High CRI bulbs, yet my classic
               | 25W halogen table lamp _still_ provides a far better
               | reading experience. The spiky spectra of LED lights are
               | not comfortable for eyes as a full-spectra incandescent
               | light, let it be classic or halogen.
        
               | adrian_b wrote:
               | For reading black & white text, incandescent lamps are
               | perfectly fine.
               | 
               | However, if your book has color illustrations, a high-
               | quality neutral-white LED lamp is better than any
               | unfiltered incandescent lamp.
               | 
               | A standard white illuminant with filtered incandescent
               | lamps would be even better, but such lamps, as they were
               | made a century ago, were extremely good space heaters,
               | which may prevent their use for reading a book.
        
               | bayindirh wrote:
               | The OSRAM halogen lamp I use has special filters, and
               | looks greenish when it's turned off, so it might not be a
               | "brute force, let everything through", 25C/ halogen lamp.
               | The bad thing is it's not being produced anymore, but I
               | have a couple of spares.
               | 
               | I went through university with the same lamp/bulb, so
               | that combo doesn't create the unwanted reflections much.
               | Also, I still print everything in color, because a good
               | color choice still boosts understandability of the
               | material at hand.
        
               | nicoburns wrote:
               | 90CRI isn't good enough to replicate an incandescent bulb
               | in my experience. Something in the high 90's can be much
               | better (but admittedly hard to find). And of course you
               | may want to match your preferred color temperature too.
        
               | bayindirh wrote:
               | Actually, this is the best I was able to find. The prices
               | increase almost exponentially when you try to go to
               | higher end of anything, and I was not in a mood for
               | digging whole city and the internet for a single bulb. A
               | Philips' 90CRI bulb is already a great upgrade from an
               | 80CRI bulb, so I ran with what I was able to find in a
               | pragmatic time frame.
        
       | accidentallfact wrote:
       | I don't think that this is the reason.
       | 
       | Yes, there is something _obviously_ wrong with most LED lights,
       | but it isn 't too much of short wavelength light, but on the
       | contrary. It's the near absence of cyan light in most LEDs. Our
       | eyes are by far the most sensitive to it, the majority of
       | receptors in the eye are sensitive to it, and we may focus
       | primarily on it (focus differs for different wavelengths). This
       | is how you get the feeling of something being wrong with your
       | vision as you for example walk into a mall, and so on.
       | 
       | If anything, higher temperature lights seem to make it better,
       | not worse, but the problem will persist as long as the cyan hole
       | stays there.
        
         | guenthert wrote:
         | Sensitivity peak for humans is in cyan (~510nm) only for low-
         | light conditions (night vision / rod cells). In daylight (cone
         | cells) it's green-yellow (555nm).
         | https://www.giangrandi.ch/optics/eye/eye.shtml
        
           | accidentallfact wrote:
           | >The eye behaves differently in high or low light conditions:
           | in daylight, for brightness levels above 3 cd/m2 the vision
           | is mainly done by the centre of the retina, we can see colors
           | and the maximum sensitivity is at 555 nm (in the green
           | region). This type of vision is called photopic vision.
           | 
           | That's completely impossible, you would have _severe_ tunnel
           | vision in daylight, if it was true.
           | 
           | There has never been any real evidence that rods stop working
           | in daylight.
        
       | adrian_b wrote:
       | It should be noted that even if we assume that the conclusion of
       | this study is correct, i.e. that artificial lighting should have
       | a wide spectrum including near-infrared light, that does not mean
       | that returning to classic incandescent lamps is the right
       | solution for this problem.
       | 
       | The incandescent lamps with tungsten filaments have a much lower
       | temperature than the Sun, thus much more energy is radiated in
       | infrared than needed.
       | 
       | There was about a year or two ago a discussion about a very
       | interesting research paper that reported results from testing an
       | improved kind of incandescent lamp, with energy efficiency and
       | lifetime comparable to the LED lamps.
       | 
       | The high energy efficiency was achieved by enclosing the lamp in
       | a reflecting surface, which prevented energy loss by radiation,
       | except for a window that let light out, which was frequency-
       | selective, so only visible light got out, while infrared stayed
       | inside. The lamp used a carbon filament in an environment that
       | prevented the evaporation of the filament.
       | 
       | With such a lamp, one can make a tradeoff between energy
       | efficiency and the content of healthy near infrared light, by a
       | judicious choice of the frequency cutoff for the window through
       | which light exits the lamp.
       | 
       | Even with enough near-infrared light, the efficiency should be a
       | few times higher than for classic incandescent lamps, though not
       | as good as for LED lamps. Presumably, one could reach an
       | efficiency similar to that of the compact fluorescent lamps
       | (which was about half of that of LED lamps), for such an
       | incandescent lamp that also provides near-infrared light.
        
         | lgeorget wrote:
         | How does enclosing the lamp in reflective material help with
         | the energy efficiency? Isn't the infrared radiation emitted
         | anyway? Doesn't that make the lamp overheat?
        
           | adrian_b wrote:
           | If the reflective material is ideal, by definition no
           | infrared or other radiation is emitted.
           | 
           | Perhaps I was not clear, but the reflective surface was the
           | interior surface, so it reflected any light, visible or
           | infrared, back towards the emitting filament, while the front
           | window reflected only the infrared, while transmitting the
           | visible light.
           | 
           | The lamp does not overheat, because the filament is kept at a
           | constant temperature, the same as in a classic incandescent
           | lamp. The difference is that you need a much lower electrical
           | current through it for maintaining the temperature, because
           | most of the heat is not lost away, like in a classic lamp.
           | The fact that you need a much smaller electrical current for
           | the same temperature is the source of the greater energy
           | efficiency.
           | 
           | Only if you had used the same electrical current as in a
           | classic lamp, the lamp would have overheated and the filament
           | destroyed, but you have no reason to do that, like you also
           | do not want to use in a classic lamp a current higher than
           | nominal, which would overheat and destroy it.
        
       | wtcactus wrote:
       | I found some interesting tidbit about this bigger issue. And I
       | want to share how to more easily check it.
       | 
       | We many times see some people reporting that they clearly see
       | lower quality LED light flicker and is really distracting to them
       | and even causes them headaches.
       | 
       | Now, I didn't see this until recently (unless in failing lights)
       | in the right conditions. If the light is very, very dim: For
       | instance, only 1 light on in the night, and you are in a division
       | far away from the light so that it's extremely dim. There, I
       | could finally really see it flicker.
       | 
       | I've replaced that light for a better one and the effect went
       | away.
        
       | schiffern wrote:
       | _Scientific Reports_ is a junk journal fyi. Not conclusive, but
       | indicative.
       | 
       | Despite saying the visible flux component is "small" and that the
       | tungsten lamps "were not expected to [be used] as task lamps,"
       | Figure 6 (a) and (c) shows... desk lamps right at the work
       | stations like task lamps! Not only is this experimentally
       | unblinded, but the visible light immediately in front of the test
       | subjects is noticeably brighter and warmer. The effect could
       | simply be due to reduced eye strain.
       | 
       | What would James Randi do? "Extraordinary claims require
       | extraordinary proof," and unfortunately this isn't it.
       | 
       | This would be more interesting if they add a visible light filter
       | on the lamps so they _only_ emit infrared radiation, and have an
       | identical double-blind control with a 60 watt heater bulb so it
       | emits no SWIR but the same radiant heat (which could confound and
       | /or unblind).
        
       | zahirbmirza wrote:
       | The push toward LED seems to be primarily for emission target
       | related reasons. It is very hard to buy incandescent bulbs in the
       | UK; even for those of us that accept the cost implications. Also,
       | many less expensive LEDs flicker at the rate of the frequency
       | supply of the current (ie 240 or 120 Hz). This is very annoying
       | and related to the instantaneous response of LED vs the averaging
       | effect of the alternating current through an actual glowing hot
       | filament. It is interesting to read on the development of blue
       | and white LED technology.
        
         | oniony wrote:
         | If I were able to see the flicker of mains supplied LED
         | lighting (which I cannot), then I would be very tempted to
         | install low-voltage DC LED lighting, which presumably does not
         | flicker.
        
           | lightedman wrote:
           | It only doesn't flicker if there's no power driving circuitry
           | - eg just LEDs and a resistor.
           | 
           | Otherwise, if there is a power IC present, there is flicker,
           | though fast enough for most humans to not perceive normally
           | (you can still check it by waving your hand in front of the
           | light and seeing the strobed afterimage.)
        
             | zahirbmirza wrote:
             | Yes! And this after image is distracting.
        
             | mnw21cam wrote:
             | That's not strictly true. The very simplest of DC LED
             | drivers flicker, such as the classic single-transistor
             | battery saver circuit, but a slightly more complex DC LED
             | driver circuit will not. One of the best ways to drive an
             | LED is with a constant current source, which typically
             | involves putting an inductor in series with the LED and
             | switching the supply to that at a reasonably high
             | frequency, which would mean the LED does not flicker at
             | all.
        
             | dv_dt wrote:
             | If it's hooked directly to AC power, isn't there by
             | definition a flicker? With a power IC, a poorly implemented
             | power circuit will also visibly flicker. With high enough
             | rate and the right power characteristics it should not be
             | noticeable. Do you notice flicker in a quality phone or
             | monitor screen?
        
         | leoedin wrote:
         | > The push toward LED seems to be primarily for emission target
         | related reasons
         | 
         | Is this true? I've got LEDs in my house because they cost
         | vastly less to run, and because I rarely have to replace the
         | bulbs.
         | 
         | Some cheap LEDs do flicker (at 50 or 60 Hz). But that's fairly
         | easily solved. I don't think I've noticed the flicker since
         | some cheap bulbs I bought in 2014 or so.
        
           | DeathArrow wrote:
           | >Is this true? I've got LEDs in my house because they cost
           | vastly less to run, and because I rarely have to replace the
           | bulbs.
           | 
           | At least in EU is true. Citing from Wikipedia: "The 2005
           | Ecodesign directive covered energy-using products (EuP),
           | which use, generate, transfer or measure energy, including
           | consumer goods such as boilers, water heaters, computers,
           | televisions, and industrial products such as transformers.
           | The implementing measures focus on those products which have
           | a high potential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions at low
           | cost, through reduced energy demand."
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecodesign_Directive
        
           | JKCalhoun wrote:
           | "I don't think I've noticed the flicker..."
           | 
           | Well... (Sorry, let me put my tinfoil hat on.) Yeah, well
           | that _noticed_ part is what is worrisome to me. I do worry
           | that there is some effect on our brains even though we might
           | not perceive the flicker.
           | 
           | As an analogy, I got into those supposedly audiophile "Class
           | D" (or "Class T") amplifiers over a decade ago. Every day I
           | turned on the music in my office and coded with the T-amp
           | playing. I would have told you at the time that, indeed, it
           | sounded amazing.
           | 
           | Some time later I built a tube amplifier (The Darling [2], in
           | case anyone cares--I've since built perhaps a dozen more).
           | 
           | When I brought it into the office and swapped it out for the
           | T-amp, the change was sublime but immediately noticeable. I
           | hate to fall back on audiophile terminology but it's the best
           | I have for the experience: I was suddenly aware of "listening
           | fatigue" that had been a component of the T-amp. I hadn't
           | even known it had been fatiguing until I heard the tube amp
           | in its place for days on end.
           | 
           | With the loss of color fidelity and the flickering issue, I'm
           | embarrassed to say that incandescent is starting to look good
           | to me again.
           | 
           | I might, as an experiment, replace only those lights that we
           | turn on in the evening when we are relaxing, reading.
           | 
           | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Class-T_amplifier
           | 
           | [2] https://www.diyaudio.com/community/threads/darling-1626-a
           | mp.... and https://imgur.com/gallery/oh-darling-tube-
           | amplifier-Lq2Sx
        
             | johanvts wrote:
             | If the LED has good DC conversion it should not flicker at
             | all, the flow across the diode would be constant. Just buy
             | good LEDs, incandescent light has many drawbacks.
        
             | obidee2 wrote:
             | This is a really interesting comparison, but a flawed
             | analogy. (I'm absolutely not challenging your preference
             | for tube amps.)
             | 
             | LEDs clearly do not produce anything like the spectral
             | energy of blackbody radiation (sunlight, incandescence
             | bulbs), and many do flicker (although that's a byproduct of
             | individual designs, not the technology itself). This is
             | easy to confirm with simple sensors. So it's completely
             | uncontroversial to say they don't replicate "natural"
             | light.
             | 
             | Pretty much all tube amp designs produce an output that is
             | modified from the input signal. This is what makes them
             | sound different and to plenty of personal opinions more
             | enjoyable to listen to music on. But they are more like the
             | "LED" side of the lighting example - they produce an output
             | that is different from the "natural" aka original audio
             | material.
        
           | zahirbmirza wrote:
           | It does seem an easy win for govts to easily conform.
           | 
           | I buy the ones that are suitable for dimmable switches (even
           | tho I don't have dimmers) because there is discernible
           | flicker with most other LED bulbs if you for eg wave your arm
           | through the air or made a saccade. There is a certification
           | (i think) for LED bulbs that are closer to sunlight in their
           | emission spectrum
        
             | johanvts wrote:
             | Look for high Ra or CRI value. Dont buy cheap LED lights,
             | they last for far too long.
        
           | axus wrote:
           | It costs less to run because less energy is used; I'm pretty
           | sure incandescent bulbs aren't emitting anything by themself!
           | "The push" is from the government, perhaps consumer demand is
           | "the pull".
        
             | nielsbot wrote:
             | They do emit a lot of heat!
        
               | abdullahkhalids wrote:
               | Almost all the energy consumed by appliances in your home
               | gets ultimately converted into heat. For example, the
               | picture on your TV is made from emitted light rays that
               | are absorbed by various solid objects in your home and
               | heats them up. Same for the sounds from your speakers.
               | Your washing machine spins water and clothes around,
               | which makes both the water+clothes and the body of the
               | washing machine to heat up due to friction.
               | 
               | A counter example is a water pump, which converts
               | electricity into gravitational potential energy of the
               | water as it flows upwards.
        
               | create-username wrote:
               | which is not that bad if you want to warm your room a
               | bit. The heat is not wasted, but added to the room. We
               | use 250 watts to warm under the coffee tables. These are
               | infrared-coated incandescent bulbs
        
           | Sharlin wrote:
           | LED bulbs, even though cheaper in the long term, used to habe
           | high enough shelf prices enough that most houdeholds wouldn't
           | have switched without a government push. Incandescents are
           | literally banned now for most uses, while the economies of
           | scale have helped drive LED prices down.
        
           | SoftTalker wrote:
           | I have not found that LED bulbs last noticably longer than
           | incandescents. I'm still replacing bulbs, and though I don't
           | keep records it feels about the same.
           | 
           | LEDs are just terrible in every way except electrical
           | consumption.
        
             | entropie wrote:
             | My first hue led is from around 2015 and is still working
             | perfectly fine.
             | 
             | Every other low quality led I bought around that time or
             | even later is long dead by now. I disagree
        
               | frumper wrote:
               | Even off-brand ones now are lasting longer than the ones
               | 10 years ago. It used to be a problem, now I rarely
               | change any bulbs.
        
             | mikeyouse wrote:
             | Good LEDs in the right circumstances will last almost
             | forever - unfortunately many LEDs on the shelf are trash.
             | They often have small print about not using them in
             | enclosed fixtures or sconces since their thermal management
             | is atrocious and they will self-immolate if not in open
             | air.
        
               | onestay42 wrote:
               | I've seen some overheat themselves even in open air!
        
           | graemep wrote:
           | > Is this true? I've got LEDs in my house because they cost
           | vastly less to run, and because I rarely have to replace the
           | bulbs.
           | 
           | its the same thing. If it uses less electricity it both
           | reduces the cost to you and reduces emissions from generating
           | electricity.
           | 
           | I think most people would have switched over gradually
           | anyway, but effectively banning incandescents speeded it up.
        
         | wongarsu wrote:
         | In the EU this was indeed done for energy efficiency/emissions.
         | Incandescent bulbs were gradually banned from normal sale,
         | starting with the most energy hungry (diffused 100W) and
         | gradually expanding until only low-wattage and special-purpose
         | bulbs were left. Special-purpose bulbs cover a large variety
         | for everything where switching didn't make sense, like machine
         | shops or historic buildings. LEDs aren't mandated per se, but
         | they are the most attractive alternative. And because this all
         | happened before brexit the UK has the same rules, unless they
         | revised any of them post-brexit
         | 
         | For the most part this was a very positive step. Prices for LED
         | bulbs plunged when they went from the "premium" energy-
         | efficient alternative to the default option. But you also get a
         | lot of crap on the market, and stuffing LEDs in form factors
         | designed for incandescent bulbs makes good electrical and
         | thermal design challenging. Even for those brands that actually
         | try
        
           | fundatus wrote:
           | > LEDs aren't mandated per se, but they are the most
           | attractive alternative.
           | 
           | Yeah, basically what the EU did was to say: For X Watts of
           | electricity at least X Lumen of light has to be produced. And
           | this number was gradually increased. Since old school light
           | bulbs are quite inefficient when it comes to producing light,
           | they slowly had to be phased out.
        
         | palmotea wrote:
         | > The push toward LED seems to be primarily for emission target
         | related reasons. It is very hard to buy incandescent bulbs in
         | the UK; even for those of us that accept the cost implications.
         | 
         | Can you even buy them without buying new old stock? In the US
         | they're banned and there's zero production.
         | 
         | I recall there was a guy in the EU who tried to get around the
         | regulations by selling "heat bulbs" that were exactly the same
         | as traditional incandescent bulbs but marketed as a heat
         | source, but I think he was slapped down.
        
           | wongarsu wrote:
           | At least in Germany you can still fairly easily get 20W
           | incandescent lamps. Sold as lamps for fridges and ovens, but
           | they are available with standard sockets.
           | 
           | If you look around a bit you can also get 60W or 100W lamps,
           | sold as "industrial lamps" or "extreme temperature lamps",
           | labeled as unsuitable for household use. But those are
           | specialty lamps that you won't find in your local
           | supermarket. Not sure if those are new old stock or imported
        
           | nerdponx wrote:
           | Certain size/watt combos are still available for things like
           | appliances and nightlights, but I think that includes 20W
           | E26/A-something bulbs, and the bulbs for plug-in night
           | lights. I can still find them on the Home Depot and some
           | other places. No idea about quality but I still prefer how
           | they look. There are so many other horrible energy efficiency
           | problems with heating my home that the inefficiency of a few
           | incandescents in key places doesn't bother me in comparison
           | to the enjoyment I get from the nice light.
        
         | NwtnsMthd wrote:
         | The flickering is solely a result of cost cutting in the power
         | supplies of these LED lights. The problem is totally solvable
         | with a constant current switching power supply. But the
         | filtering circuitry adds cost.
        
           | graemep wrote:
           | The problem is that consumers usually cannot know this about
           | a particular light (or a lot more) at the point of purchase,
           | so even if you are willing to pay a premium for this you
           | cannot.
           | 
           | I would pay a premium for longer life, and at least in some
           | cases (e.g. lights I read by) for better quality. How do I do
           | so? I would love to be pointed at sources of better ones (in
           | the UK).
        
             | Rebelgecko wrote:
             | tl;dr: Just buy Philips UltraEfficient (I think these are
             | roughly equivalent to the infamous "Dubai Bulbs"[1]) or
             | Ultra Definition bulbs. They cost a little bit more but
             | will probably pay for themselves over the years.
             | 
             | Buy name brands with a history of putting out decent bulbs
             | instead of the Amazon alphabetsoup brands that won't be
             | around in 5 years (although TBF some of my cheap BogAo
             | bulbs are still going strong after 8 years). You can get a
             | good feel for the light's "quality" by looking at the CRI
             | and color temperature.
             | 
             | For CRI, anything 90+ is good.
             | 
             | For temperature, IMO around 3000k is the sweet spot. go
             | higher if you want sterile operating room vibes or lower if
             | you want super yellow/orange cozy hobbit hole vibes.
             | 
             | [1]: https://hackaday.com/2021/01/17/leds-from-dubai-the-
             | royal-li...
        
             | dvdkon wrote:
             | In the EU, lights have to be sold with a mandatory energy
             | efficiency label. A lesser-known component of this is that
             | this label includes a link to a standardised datasheet,
             | which includes things like flicker metrics, CRI,
             | chromaticity, and a measurement of the spectrum.
             | 
             | It doesn't fully quantify the light, but it's good enough
             | to distinguish trash or even passable lights from actually
             | good ones.
        
         | fyrn_ wrote:
         | Wouldn't the supply usually be either 50hz or 60hz depending in
         | the country?
        
       | kalium-xyz wrote:
       | This should also be true for TL lights. Which kinda contradicts
       | common sense seeing that those are used all over the place in
       | offices, kitchens, and hospitals, makes me think this paper is
       | bogus.
        
       | DeathArrow wrote:
       | In EU, the ROHS directive forbids even more types of lightbulbs,
       | beside incandescent:
       | 
       | Ban on all fluorescent tubes (T5 and T8 lamps) from August 24,
       | 2023
       | 
       | Ban on all CFL lamps from February 24, 2023
       | 
       | Extension of the exemption granted to HPD lamps from 3 to 5 years
       | 
       | Extension of the exemption for special purpose lamps from 3 to 5
       | years
        
       | DeathArrow wrote:
       | There are some full spectrum led lights, they just cost over $100
       | a piece. And they might get banned in the future for not being
       | energy efficient enough.
        
       | r_lee wrote:
       | I hate the LED street lamps so much. I can tell they've got a
       | really spiky and unnatural spectrum, unlike the HPS lights, not
       | to mention that they're white or bright yellow...
        
         | zahirbmirza wrote:
         | I miss the orange glow of sodium lamps that characterised cold
         | dark and foggy english winter nights.
        
           | r_lee wrote:
           | Yup.
           | 
           | Even to this day when I'm on the bus on the highway it's so
           | relaxing and comforting to ride through the orange lights..
           | then the bright white ones come through and it's almost like
           | instant anxiety that kicks in
        
       | nrjames wrote:
       | I've always been mildly bothered by the LED lighting in my home,
       | as if it's simultaneously bright but not illuminating. In simple
       | consumer terms, if I wanted to shop for a variant that more
       | closely replicated incandescent lighting, what exactly am I
       | looking for on the packaging? Or does this not exist?
        
         | atopal wrote:
         | It's called SSI, spectral similarity index. SSI is specified
         | for a color temperature, eg 3200 or 5600. 100 is identical to
         | tungsten or sunlight. Values above 85 are good.
        
           | yarekt wrote:
           | In the UK I've not been able to find high wattage (10-20W)
           | LED lightbulbs with high CRI, some don't even mention it in
           | listings, let alone SSI, which I have never seen.
           | 
           | Where are you seeing these? Is this industrial/commercial
           | suppliers?
        
             | johanvts wrote:
             | Phillips, try searching for EyeComfort. I think all of
             | their premium bulbs have 80+ Ra.
        
               | graemep wrote:
               | They look good, but cannot find a listings with all the
               | details though to know exactly what I will get if I buy
               | them.
               | 
               | It is a good start and I know know its wroth looking, so
               | think you.
        
             | atopal wrote:
             | It's rare, unfortunately, and usually not in the typical
             | bulb formats. Here's one for example with an SSI of 89 for
             | tungsten: https://amarancreators.com/products/amaran-100x-s
             | ?Title=Defa...
        
         | johanvts wrote:
         | Ra value is (often) written on the package, go for 95+, it's a
         | bit hard to find but the difference is real. I Do not buy under
         | 90.
        
         | Paianni wrote:
         | What's available depends on the form factor, but there are some
         | manufacturers that offer some choice in the 2700k 90+cri space
         | nowadays.
        
         | SoftTalker wrote:
         | I buy the "warm" light LEDs, which look (to my eye) closer to
         | incandescents.
         | 
         | Standard LEDs bulbs are bright white, almost bluish, and yes
         | "bright but not illuminating" describes them well. I feel many
         | modern car headlights have the same issue.
         | 
         | The human eye doesn't focus the blue end of the spectrum very
         | well.
        
         | Saris wrote:
         | Bulbs that test well on spectrum and flicker tests, Phillips
         | Ultra Definition is a good one I believe.
         | 
         | https://www.thesmarthomehookup.com/25-soft-white-led-light-b...
         | 
         | Nothing on the box really means anything, so many bulbs claim
         | high CRI and everything but in reality have terrible spectrum.
         | So you can only go off of actual real life testing from a third
         | party.
        
       | ck2 wrote:
       | ever since they replaced streetlamps with led (like a decade
       | ago?) I can't see anything anymore before dawn
       | 
       | there may be more light (photons) but their spectrum is too
       | limited for my eyes to see like halogen, etc.
       | 
       | I still only use compact florescent in my home, led is useless to
       | me
        
       | analog8374 wrote:
       | Also, LED strobes to dim. Which is unpleasant.
        
       | elric wrote:
       | > In humans a single 3 min 670 nm exposure improves colour vision
       | within 3 h, which is sustained for almost a week
       | 
       | That seems remarkable and almost too good to be true?
        
         | hnuser123456 wrote:
         | Seems like this is only relevant for people who don't go
         | outside for weeks at a time? This article has a strangely "pro-
         | long-wavelength" tone, yet sunlight also exposes you to UV
         | frequencies that are so harmful according to this paper.
        
       | blacklion wrote:
       | It was known among MTB riders who ride at night sometimes:
       | typical XM-L T6 Chinese headlights were unusable in the forest
       | when you move fast. Good diodes (like Nichia 219B) worked. And
       | XM-L was dominant even in very expensive <<brandnamed>> lights
       | for many years (you could buy Aliexpress headlight for $20, you
       | could bu "Italian" lamp for $250, result is the same)
       | 
       | I'm not in this scene anymore for many years, but when I was, I
       | built my one lamp from custom light engine (essentially round PCB
       | with DC-DC current limiting schematics an LEDs) with 3x219B,
       | Chinese body and CARCLO TIR Optics...
       | 
       | Good times.
        
       | mikkupikku wrote:
       | I have a theory that cheap LED lights with low quality drivers
       | are bad for dogs. LEDs with low quality drivers very often have a
       | high amplitude flicker at 50/60Hz, which is about the flicker
       | fusion rate for humans so we don't perceive it (at least
       | usually), but dogs are known to have a substantially higher
       | flicker fusion rate and probably perceive the flicker. Probably
       | worth considering, especially if you have a dog with epilepsy.
       | 
       | (Incandescents also flicker at 50/60Hz of course, but the thermal
       | inertia of the filament makes this a lower amplitude flicker.)
        
         | buildbot wrote:
         | If you are sensitive you can get really, really annoying blips
         | of flicker even above 1khz -
         | https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1477153512436367
         | 
         | They also flicker really badly if your power is not perfect,
         | like you have a decent sized training rig on a different
         | circut.
         | 
         | Incandescents are basically little light inductors and I would
         | imagine the luminosity curve would be sinusoidal vs whatever
         | hell a LED driver chip puts out.
        
         | countWSS wrote:
         | > (at least usually).
         | 
         | Nope. Lots of people see the strobing. Its causes headaches if
         | you focus on the lights.
        
         | entropie wrote:
         | Besides the epilepsy, what do you mean with "bad for dogs?"
         | 
         | Sidenote: My partner and me both "feel" the difference of cheap
         | LEDs. Its not something we can pinpoint down, but it got way
         | better with hue lights.
         | 
         | We live with multiple dogs and iam really curious. One of the
         | dogs that we often had around had severe epilepsy that very
         | strong medication was needed and the dog died anyways way to
         | early around the age of 2. She had less sizures than in her
         | original home when she was with us which ofcourse might be
         | unrelated to the lighting. But your thought is interesting.
        
           | mikkupikku wrote:
           | > _Besides the epilepsy, what do you mean with "bad for
           | dogs?"_
           | 
           | Psychological or physiological unease at least, I assume this
           | from the way rapidly flickering dying florescent lights make
           | me feel.
        
         | Onavo wrote:
         | Why don't LED drivers just use plain continuous DC with no PWM?
        
           | ternus wrote:
           | Dimming. And even without that, the "continuous DC" is
           | usually provided by switch-mode power supplies that
           | themselves have a PWM ripple. How much depends on the quality
           | of the supply.
        
           | Saris wrote:
           | Cost.
        
           | rini17 wrote:
           | Since AC is pulsating you need to store some energy to get
           | continuous DC, usually in a smoothing capacitor. And that
           | capacitor is relatively big and when durable, then not cheap.
           | And it requires some further complications (like avoid inrush
           | current).
        
         | nerdponx wrote:
         | I have a theory that they're bad for humans too. I think the
         | same is true for computer screens too. Something about the
         | flickering and the "unnatural" color spectrum messes with
         | people's heads (anecdotal/subjective). Maybe our brains do
         | extra processing work that detracts from other systems.
        
         | TheJoeMan wrote:
         | The newer phosphor-coated "filament" LED's also have this
         | "inertia" which is nice. And no other electronics to fail also
         | since they are just series-connected LED's.
        
           | mikkupikku wrote:
           | The phosphors do have some inertia, but I'm not sure if it's
           | really enough, since fluorescents have phosphor coatings too
           | and those are notorious for noticeable flicker. Different
           | kinds of coatings though, different thickness and quantities
           | of phosphors, maybe different composition too. I don't know
           | how comparable they really are.
        
       | daveloyall wrote:
       | The authors, bless their hearts, suggest that running halogen
       | lamps at lower-than-rated voltages might be a good idea.
       | 
       | > If this is done with a halogen bulb, which is a type of
       | incandescent tungsten bulb, the filament lasts for a longer
       | period as evaporated tungsten is redeposited on the filament
       | rather than blackening the bulb glass. Hence, using a halogen
       | bulb at lower voltage is a realistic alternative in terms of
       | health and energy consumption.
       | 
       | Unfortunately, as I understand it, the redepositing action only
       | occurs at high temperatures.. It's a chemistry thing. I have been
       | led to believe that running halogens at low voltages will cause
       | the bulb glass to blacken _sooner_. See
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogen_lamp#Effect_of_voltage...
        
       | pedrocr wrote:
       | One of the authors of this paper did a pretty long podcast with
       | Huberman about this topic:
       | 
       | https://www.hubermanlab.com/episode/red-light-to-improve-met...
       | 
       | The show notes have links to quite a few more papers. I have no
       | idea if this is good science but this is not just a one off
       | paper.
        
         | mikeyouse wrote:
         | It's a shame that grift claims everything.. once upon a time,
         | Huberman was a serious person but he's now just Joe Rogan with
         | an advanced degree - platforming all sorts of bullshit for a
         | check. At least there are other sources listed though so thanks
         | for those.
        
       | dwroberts wrote:
       | I find it a little strange that there is no real discussion of
       | limitations in this paper. They mention the limitations of
       | something they cite, but nothing about the data they themselves
       | collected or the conclusions they draw from it
        
       | roughly wrote:
       | You know, it's funny - there's a couple places where this kind of
       | thing seems to have come up. There's research around crop
       | nutrition levels that shows decreases in nutrient levels as yield
       | per acre goes up, there's research on supplements and vitamins
       | that shows synergistic effects between seemingly unrelated
       | substances, we've seen surprising effects from adding or removing
       | species from an ecosystem. One begins to suspect that the
       | "reductive" method of science - the sort of physics- or
       | mathematics-type "reduce the variables of the problem until we
       | can isolate effects" approach - isn't particularly well-suited to
       | dealing with biological systems. You see it in bioinformatics as
       | well - we've sequenced the genomes for many organisms, and have
       | learned a lot from doing so, but we're also learning the limits
       | of that approach pretty strongly - the organism isn't defined
       | just by its 'code', but its environment; the presence,
       | distribution, and concentration of various chemicals; etc. I
       | suspect as we move more towards the "biological" century here
       | we're going to have to readjust how we approach things to start
       | trying to find those synergistic effects earlier in the process,
       | rather than pull everything down to its constituent parts and
       | then experimenting pairwise with various combos. I get the
       | difficulties in doing that, but I feel like we've repeatedly
       | found the stuff we've discarded as irrelevant to the problem
       | ("things that are not in the visual wavelength the eye
       | perceives") in fact do wind up being relevant (wider full-
       | spectrum light has effects outside the mere spatial perception of
       | objects).
        
         | nazgul17 wrote:
         | Could it be the pendulum swinging hard before selling in the
         | middle?
         | 
         | Once we learn from our mistakes we can find the frequencies
         | that do yield the best outcome and at the same time consume
         | (say) 1/4 the energy of an incandescent bulb.
         | 
         | Or the minimum set of species yielding optimal outcomes,
         | without the answer being "all of them"
        
         | BizarroLand wrote:
         | Sounds like a holistics approach will be the next big swing of
         | scientific endeavor.
         | 
         | That was the original point to begin with, right? Learn what
         | makes things tick and then build on that. We've got enough of
         | it down to the atomic level that maybe we should zoom back to
         | the supermolecular.
        
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