[HN Gopher] First, make me care
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       First, make me care
        
       Author : andsoitis
       Score  : 759 points
       Date   : 2026-01-25 19:03 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (gwern.net)
 (TXT) w3m dump (gwern.net)
        
       | huhkerrf wrote:
       | "First, make me care" is exactly right. But I also know that
       | anytime you have narrative non-fiction on here, someone without
       | fail argues that the author didn't get straight into the details.
        
         | some_furry wrote:
         | Know your audience: Technical people want the details.
         | 
         | Most people aren't technical.
        
         | sublinear wrote:
         | This is why good writing on the web is broken up into multiple
         | posts split by concern, and with links to the others at the top
         | of the article.
         | 
         | The real problem is when they SEO the shit out of it and
         | replace those links with irrelevant trash meant to steal your
         | attention and people only want to share the "make me care"
         | posts.
         | 
         | The writers stop bothering even posting details when they have
         | them. They bury the lede because it's what the "make me care"
         | crowd forces them to do.
        
         | acc077877 wrote:
         | Someone may have already been curious about the topic
         | beforehand. I'm guessing they already have some kind of itch or
         | curiosity. For example, someone who is interested in reading a
         | dense technical textbook that gets straight into the details
         | likely has a preexisting question waiting to be answered, which
         | is why they care. That's what motivates them to keep reading,
         | even when the material jumps directly into the details
        
         | furyofantares wrote:
         | My personal distaste for typical narrative presentations of
         | interesting information is how often the first interesting
         | details come 4-5 paragraphs in and then are slowly peppered
         | from there. Really doesn't seem at odds with the advice here
         | which can easily be applied to the opening sentence or
         | paragraph, and title.
        
       | simonw wrote:
       | This is something I find fascinating about TikTok: on that
       | platform you literally get a few seconds to catch the attention
       | of your audience before they skip to the next video.
       | 
       | You can't just find one hook that works and reuse it forever
       | because people will get bored of it - including if that hook is
       | heavily used by other accounts.
       | 
       | This makes TikTok a fascinating brute-force attack on human
       | psychology, with literally millions of people all trying to find
       | the right hooks to catch attention and constantly evolving and
       | iterating on them as the previous hooks stop being effective.
        
         | tombert wrote:
         | This is part of why I hate TikTok so much.
         | 
         | I recently started doing SiriusXM again a lot. The reason I do
         | this is actually _specifically_ because it gives me less choice
         | than something like Spotify or YouTube Music.
         | 
         | A lot of time when I do the autoplay of YouTube Music, if I
         | don't like the song in the first 15-20 seconds, I skip it to
         | something else. I eventually realized that a lot of songs that
         | I end up really liking require you listening to the entire song
         | to come together. The inability to skip to the next song on
         | SiriusXM forces me to listen to the song, and I've found a ton
         | of songs that I likely would have otherwise skipped with
         | anything else.
         | 
         | I feel like with TikTok, we're effectively training ourselves
         | to ignore things that don't immediately grab our attention.
         | 
         | Maybe this is just my "Old Man Yells At Cloud" moment though.
        
           | squigz wrote:
           | Check out KEXP and SomaFM. KEXP in particular is a great way
           | to discover new music that you might not normally listen to.
           | 
           | https://www.kexp.org/
           | 
           | https://somafm.com/
        
             | keyringlight wrote:
             | I'd say streaming radio in general is low profile in how it
             | lets you discover new things. I use the search/directory
             | built into foobar2000 or apps like radiodroid, but there
             | are sites like https://www.radio-browser.info/ for the web.
             | It's an interesting and low cost way to find things you
             | wouldn't otherwise be exposed to and likely curated by
             | whoever is running the station. What really stood out to me
             | is how different countries or regions have their own
             | tastes, or at least are likely to be playing something
             | different to local broadcasts.
        
               | bsder wrote:
               | The problem I have with streaming radio is that it seems
               | to be caught rehashing rather than discovering.
               | 
               | For example, I like SOMA's Underground 80s, but I also
               | want to hear new artists in the same vein. I haven't
               | found any streaming stations that are actively good at
               | curating like this.
               | 
               | Where are the streaming stations that play Smiths and
               | Smithereens but also play Blossoms and Johnny Marr's new
               | stuff, for example?
        
               | squigz wrote:
               | Yeah, that's why I specifically called out KEXP for this,
               | as they do lots of live shows, themed segments, etc, that
               | really do enable discovery.
               | 
               | Unfortunately you're quite right about Soma (and probably
               | other streaming radio) - but I imagine licensing new
               | music can be difficult/expensive.
        
             | Cthulhu_ wrote:
             | Also adding Radio Paradise, apparently one of the first
             | online radios (https://radioparadise.com/). That said, it
             | _does_ have a skip (and pause) mechanism, so if you really
             | don 't like something you can skip to the next one.
        
           | ErroneousBosh wrote:
           | > I recently started doing SiriusXM again a lot. The reason I
           | do this is actually specifically because it gives me less
           | choice than something like Spotify or YouTube Music.
           | 
           | No, I think you're right.
           | 
           | I'm old enough to have swapped pirated cassettes of whatever
           | was doing the rounds in high school. I remain convinced that
           | Appetite for Destruction can only be listened to the way it
           | was intended to be heard, if it's been copied onto a ratty
           | old TDK D90 that's been getting bashed around in your
           | schoolbag for months by your mate's big brother who has the
           | CD and a decent stereo.
           | 
           | There's a lot of stuff I listened to that I probably wouldn't
           | have if I'd had the selection that's available on streaming
           | services. When you got a new tape, that was Your New Tape,
           | and you listened to it over and over because you hadn't heard
           | it a thousand times yet. Don't like it? Meh, play it anyway,
           | because you haven't heard it a thousand times yet.
           | 
           | I got into so much music that's remained important to me
           | because of a chance tape swap.
           | 
           | Maybe Spotify et al needs instead of unskippable adverts,
           | unskippable tunes that are way outside your usual range of
           | tastes. "Here have some 10,000 Maniacs before you go back to
           | that R'n'B playlist!"
        
             | tombert wrote:
             | Yeah, similar for me; when I was a teenager I would buy a
             | CD specifically I liked a single on the radio and put it in
             | my car. I would be too lazy to take it out and listen to
             | something else, so I'd listen to that CD dozens and dozens
             | of times, and I would grow to appreciate the non-single
             | songs a lot, very often more than the song I even bought
             | the CD for.
             | 
             | The non-singles are generally a lot less "radio-friendly",
             | almost by definition, so a lot of artists were more willing
             | to try stuff that is a little less immediately-appealing,
             | and there are a bunch of albums I have basically memorized
             | now because of that.
             | 
             | With Spotify and YouTube Music, there's an infinite number
             | of songs to choose from and as a result you never have the
             | same excuse to listen to the same songs over and over
             | again. I'm not necessarily saying it's "worse", just that I
             | miss the way it used to be.
        
             | arctic-true wrote:
             | Now there's an idea. You could get artists to pay for ads
             | just like other advertisers, and instead of hearing an ad
             | for a product that takes you completely out of music mode,
             | you have to listen to a whole song (or the first minute, or
             | whatever) that's maybe a little outside your usual mix.
        
               | InitialLastName wrote:
               | Everything old is new again. This is called Payola and
               | it's illegal in the radio industry.
        
           | sznio wrote:
           | I went back to CDs because the friction of having to stand
           | up, walk to the player and change the disc is enough to stop
           | me from skipping songs every few seconds.
           | 
           | For discovering new music, I go to the flea market every so
           | often and buy some random discs. Some are unlistenable, but a
           | lot are alright. I found New Mind[1] this way and really
           | loved it.
           | 
           | [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Sharp#New_Mind
        
             | dghlsakjg wrote:
             | This is part of why I like vinyl, you can't even really
             | choose a track, you just listen. (the other part is that my
             | vinyl collection is about 80% from my parents, and its just
             | cool personally to have the same physical copy of the media
             | that they did)
             | 
             | Also, many libraries still have CD collections. In the pre-
             | iphone days I used to max out my library account getting
             | CDs, rip/copy the ones I liked, and repeat.
        
           | cpt_sobel wrote:
           | > less choice than something like Spotify or YouTube Music
           | 
           | For the same reason (plus curiosity of what people are
           | listening to in weird places) I recently switched to Radio
           | Garden [0], highly recommend it (not affiliated)
           | 
           | [0] https://radio.garden
        
         | dyauspitr wrote:
         | It's so addictive but so soul destroying. I feel dirty after
         | spending time on that platform. The term brainrot fits
         | perfectly.
        
           | jaredsohn wrote:
           | I've started using these platforms for learning (stretch
           | exercises, argentine tango patterns/musicality I might want
           | to lead, etc) and am finding the experience to work better in
           | those kinds of situations. Agree it can be brain rot if using
           | it for entertainment, politics, etc.
        
             | ericmcer wrote:
             | It is still doing the same thing, the dopamine hit is just
             | feeling like you learned something instead of seeing
             | something funny/shocking/etc.
             | 
             | The idea you can gain any kind of actual
             | experience/knowledge about a thing through a series of 30s
             | clips that are competing with millions of other 30s clips
             | to grab you is folly.
        
             | xandrius wrote:
             | Honest question: why wouldn't you simply search for exactly
             | the same things but on longer format platforms such as
             | YouTube?
        
               | TeMPOraL wrote:
               | TikTok isn't about searching, it's about tuning the
               | algorithm to find just the things you want, without
               | necessarily being explicit about what you want.
        
             | dyauspitr wrote:
             | Why short form though? I've always learned much better from
             | long form, more comprehensive videos. Or I guess to put it
             | another way I don't believe I've ever learned anything
             | besides quick hacks on reels/shorts/tiktok. Not even quick
             | guitar licks.
        
             | jaredsohn wrote:
             | To respond to everyone at once -
             | 
             | I have experience and teachers so I'm not solely relying on
             | these videos. I use the short videos as a fast discovery of
             | what's out there and I'll sometimes watch long videos
             | afterward. LLM sites also work well for this discovery and
             | I use that sometimes but it is a bit more work from me
             | (which sounds strange to write re: AI) because I have to
             | type out what I want instead of relying on algorithms that
             | use data collected about me.
             | 
             | I use Facebook Reels (rather thank TikTok) which show me
             | stuff anyway after I click on a link shared by friends so
             | having it show me things relevant to learning seems like
             | the best option here in case I click on next video.
        
           | something765478 wrote:
           | Yeah, I had to get rid of my youtube plus subscription
           | because I was getting too addicted to the shorts.
        
           | munificent wrote:
           | Wait until a generation of people who have been mainlining
           | that since infancy while their thought patterns were still
           | being formed becomes old enough to vote.
        
             | saghm wrote:
             | Oh no, will they elect a president who primarily operates
             | in ragebait, heavily uses social media, and has no
             | meaningful attention span for anything outside of receiving
             | direct praise? Good thing we have such enlightened voters
             | right now who would never for someone that!
        
               | munificent wrote:
               | Right, so imagine something _even worse_ than the current
               | state of affairs.
        
         | BiteCode_dev wrote:
         | Pretty sure it destroys something in you as well. So many
         | context changes with no relation whatsoever and regular hooks
         | that give you a pinch.
         | 
         | We haven't evolved for that. Our brain is trying to figure out
         | a narrative between two things following each other. It needs
         | time to process stuff. And there is so much shock it can absorb
         | at once. So many "?!" and open loops in a day.
         | 
         | I made a TikTok account to at least know what people were
         | talking about. After 3 months, I got it.
         | 
         | And I deleted it.
         | 
         | I felt noticeably worse when using it, in a way that nothing
         | bad for me, including the news, refined sugar and pron, ever
         | made me feel. The destruction was more intense, more
         | structural. I could feel it gnarling.
         | 
         | In a way, such fast feedback is good, because it makes it easy
         | to stop, while I'm still eating tons of refined sugar.
        
           | rmunn wrote:
           | Thirty years ago, I read a book called _Amusing Ourselves to
           | Death_ by Neil Postman, in which he made very similar points
           | about broadcast television. I don 't remember all his points,
           | but I vividly remember how talked about how you'll be
           | watching a news story about something awful, maybe an
           | earthquake in which hundreds of people died, and then with
           | practically no warning you'll be hearing a happy jingle from
           | a toothpaste commercial. The juxtaposition, he said, was bad
           | for the human mind, and was going to create a generation that
           | couldn't focus on important things.
           | 
           | I suspect that the rapid-fire progression of one one-minute
           | video after another does something similar, and is also
           | equally bad for you.
        
             | noahjk wrote:
             | I've noticed that I can read or see something very
             | emotionally engaging - something that really resonates with
             | me, so much so that I'm maybe even choking up over it - and
             | while I'm still having that emotional response, move onto
             | the next post. I almost always have a moment of meta-
             | reflection that scares me - why wasn't I content to just
             | sit there and process these big emotions? How is the
             | dopamine part of my brain so much more powerful than even
             | the emotional part, that it forces me to continue what I'm
             | doing rather than just _feeling_?
        
             | MonkeyClub wrote:
             | The same is true with the "In other news..." technique of
             | seguing to the next story: its end result is overall
             | desensitization and passive consumption.
        
         | andai wrote:
         | >TikTok [is] a fascinating brute-force attack on human
         | psychology
         | 
         | Security researcher once told me that he sees social media as a
         | distributed hacking attempt on the human mind.
         | 
         | I think it's a genetic algorithm. You try random stuff and when
         | something works you clone and mutate and crossbreed it.
        
           | tstrimple wrote:
           | Isn't this pretty much the definition of a meme? I mean
           | before meme just became synonymous with funny cat videos.
           | Like the actual meaning of the word.
        
             | komali2 wrote:
             | Snow Crash explored this much more literally, supposing
             | that there may be memes so powerful they can function
             | basically as magic spells that reprogram people's brains.
        
               | shawn_w wrote:
               | See also John Barnes' Century Next Door books, where
               | "memes" are basically computer viruses that jump to
               | running on human brains, not just silicon chips. The
               | results are... not pretty.
        
               | TeMPOraL wrote:
               | My favorite example is actually one that I believe could
               | be true[0]: self-reinforcing cycles of human conflict,
               | that resemble the life cycle of a parasite. From an old
               | (2014) SlateStarCodex essay[1]. Some of it is going to be
               | controversial read today[2], so I'll just give you the
               | relevant "money quote" from the end:
               | 
               | <quote>
               | 
               | What would it mean for a meme to have a life cycle as
               | complicated as toxoplasma?
               | 
               | Consider the war on terror. They say that every time the
               | United States bombs Pakistan or Afghanistan or somewhere,
               | all we're doing is radicalizing the young people there
               | and making more terrorists. Those terrorists then go on
               | to kill Americans, which makes Americans get very angry
               | and call for more bombing of Pakistan and Afghanistan.
               | 
               | Taken as a meme, it's a single parasite with two hosts
               | and two forms. In an Afghan host, it appears in a form
               | called 'jihad', and hijacks its host into killing himself
               | in order to spread it to its second, American host. In
               | the American host it morphs in a form called 'the war on
               | terror', and it hijacks the Americans into giving their
               | own lives (and tax dollars) to spread it back to its
               | Afghan host in the form of bombs.
               | 
               | From the human point of view, jihad and the War on Terror
               | are opposing forces. From the memetic point of view,
               | they're as complementary as caterpillars and butterflies.
               | Instead of judging, we just note that somehow we
               | accidentally created a replicator, and replicators are
               | going to replicate until something makes them stop.
               | 
               | </quote>
               | 
               | --
               | 
               | [0] - In whatever sense models are "true", i.e. a nice
               | way to describe reality, that's succinct and has good
               | predictive power, or something.
               | 
               | [1] - https://www.slatestarcodexabridged.com/The-
               | Toxoplasma-Of-Rag...
               | 
               | [2] - Which is _not_ the same thing as saying it turned
               | out wrong.
        
               | andrei_says_ wrote:
               | For more ideas - One can definitely see multigenerational
               | patterns of abuse and trauma as self reproducing
               | parasites.
        
               | iterateoften wrote:
               | Also the most successful parasites have defense
               | mechanisms to protect it. The process of radicalization
               | and cultural heritage in general is a type of defense to
               | make sure the parasite survives.
        
               | adolph wrote:
               | Vervaeke makes a claim of parasitism explicit in the
               | Meaning Crisis series.                 We call this
               | Parasitic Processing because it's like a parasite in that
               | it        takes up life within you, and it takes life
               | away from you! It causes you to        lose your agency.
               | It causes you to suffer. And here's what's important.
               | This        capacity for your cognitive brain to be self
               | organizing, heuristic using,        complexify, to create
               | complex systems and functions with emergent abilities,
               | has a downside to it.            This is a complex, self-
               | organising, adaptive system! If you try and intervene
               | here the rest of the system reorganizes itself around
               | your attempted        intervention. It can adapt and
               | preserve itself as you tried to destroy it.        Why?
               | Because it's making use of the very machinery by which
               | You adapt, and        make use of the things that are
               | trying to destroy You!
               | 
               | https://www.meaningcrisis.co/ep-13-awakening-from-the-
               | meanin...
        
               | horacemorace wrote:
               | There are malicious ads linked from that site. Do not
               | recommend.
        
               | adolph wrote:
               | My apologies, I use an ad blocker and did not notice. The
               | website is a transcript of the YouTube lecture series and
               | can be found there if people wish to delve further.
               | Unfortunately I no longer have an edit option on the
               | comment.
        
               | naasking wrote:
               | > Instead of judging, we just note that somehow we
               | accidentally created a replicator, and replicators are
               | going to replicate until something makes them stop.
               | 
               | I think this was kind of known for a long time, and
               | pithily described in the well known phrase, "an eye for
               | an eye makes the whole world blind".
        
               | Root_Denied wrote:
               | The SCP Foundation pages[0] have something similar, a
               | danger classification for "Memetic Hazards" which are
               | basically informational viruses that affect memory,
               | cognition, and perception.
               | 
               | [0] - https://scp-wiki.wikidot.com/understanding-memetics
        
             | mr_toad wrote:
             | Dawkins original definition was an idea that replicated
             | _unchanged_ , in an analogy to a gene, which is essentially
             | a unit of DNA small enough to replicate unchanged.
        
               | rcxdude wrote:
               | _mostly_ unchanged (or rather, unchanged _most_ of the
               | time). Mutations still happen and are necessary for
               | evolution.
        
           | noduerme wrote:
           | Attention-seeking is indeed the original genetic algorithm.
        
         | ericmcer wrote:
         | There almost is no hook, the hook is that the time investment
         | for each video is so small your brain doesn't even need to
         | think about whether it should watch or not.
        
           | Cthulhu_ wrote:
           | And the other factor is I think the "rat pulling a lever"
           | thing.
           | 
           | A rat is in a lab, pulls a lever, treat comes out, nom. Pulls
           | again, treat comes out, nom. Pulls again... no treat. Pulls
           | again, treat comes out, nom. This goes on, 10 pulls with no
           | treat, but sometimes something comes out so the rat keeps
           | going. You get the idea.
           | 
           | This is a lot of social media. You end up scrolling through a
           | lot of shit, adverts and subtle propaganda, passively
           | absorbing it until you get rewarded with something you
           | genuinely enjoy and get the good hormones from.
        
         | kmoser wrote:
         | > This is something I find fascinating about TikTok: on that
         | platform you literally get a few seconds to catch the attention
         | of your audience before they skip to the next video.
         | 
         | Before TikTok, the YouTube "hook" was to choose the right image
         | thumbnail that would entice people to click on your video.
         | There was a time when YouTube didn't let you select a
         | thumbnail; they would automatically select an image from a
         | certain time in the video, so producers adapted by filming
         | their videos so the most visually engaging moment came at that
         | time.
        
           | rossant wrote:
           | Fifteen years ago, I ran a YouTube channel with hundreds of
           | obscure French videos about pediatrics and parenting. One of
           | them suddenly attracted massive attention worldwide,
           | especially from Pakistan and Indonesia. According to the
           | stats, 99% of the viewers were male. Millions and millions of
           | views. For months, it sat in the top five French videos on
           | YouTube. Ad revenue went through the roof, like three figures
           | per day, for months, from that single video. None of the
           | others on the channel saw anything remotely similar. It was
           | baffling.
           | 
           | Then I understood why. The automatic thumbnail generator had
           | picked a frame from the exact middle of the two-minute video.
           | It showed a close-up of a newborn heel prick test: a nurse
           | firmly holding the baby's heel and pricking it to collect a
           | drop of blood for routine postnatal genetic screening. The
           | thumbnail frame looked like a skin-colored cylinder grasped
           | by a woman's hand.
           | 
           | Thankfully, the flood of comments, expressing disgust and
           | horror at a medical procedure on a newborn after viewers had
           | expected something entirely different, did not prevent the
           | algorithm from enthusiastically recommending that thumbnail
           | to a significant fraction of humanity.
        
             | sizzle wrote:
             | That's really actually hilarious and would probably get
             | your account flagged by AI for showing obscenity or
             | something nowadays.
        
         | ctoth wrote:
         | Attention is all you need, after all.
         | 
         | On its own, this is interesting. But when you consider that
         | people actually need attention for things like their jobs, the
         | road, their children, &c... it starts to sort of look a bit
         | like a superweapon.
        
           | Cthulhu_ wrote:
           | And when propaganda is injected into it - subtly, through
           | many channels and methods - it becomes worse. I'm confident
           | that the western world's rightward shift is down to targeted
           | social media campaigns. It doesn't help that said social
           | media stopped checking for fake news and bent the knees to
           | said rightward shift, because money.
        
         | klustregrif wrote:
         | > You can't just find one hook that works and reuse it forever
         | 
         | That seems to be exactly what succesfull acounts are doing.
         | They go a year or two creating content in a theme and then find
         | that one hook that makes people stay a second to see what heir
         | content is and then their entire personality and content
         | becomes that one hook repeated until naseum and no matter what
         | they do to try to escape it it's impossible since they don't
         | control their content exposure newcommers will aways be flooded
         | in a repeat storm of that same hook, and people who get tired
         | will move on no matter what. So the only reliable way of trying
         | to "pivot" to anything else is to create a new account, but
         | that's going to get you back at the start with no guarentee
         | that you'll have another hit in the next 2 years, so they just
         | accept their fate as "the cucumber guy" or "the funny outfit
         | girl" and then ride that as far towards the sunset as possible.
        
           | rrvsh wrote:
           | Yeah, I instantly disagreed with that point in the comment
           | you replied to - TikTok's algorithm seems to reward sticking
           | to your niche.
        
           | TeMPOraL wrote:
           | Does TikTok even have persistent personalities of this type?
           | I thought a big part of the service was its recommendation
           | algorithm that will keep recommending you _other_ new stuff,
           | not just reruns of the same influencers.
        
             | Aryezz wrote:
             | It's both. Since most videos are a couple minutes long at
             | most, and a TikTok doomscrolling session can last for
             | hours, the algorithm can show you all the new videos you
             | haven't seen of accounts you seem to enjoy (or are
             | following), and a ton of new stuff as well.
        
           | epiccoleman wrote:
           | This definitely seems true to me, from my limited short
           | content usage. I try to avoid getting sucked into the feed
           | (Youtube Shorts is the one I have used), but if I do find
           | myself scrolling through the morass of clips from Shark Tank
           | or Family Guy [1], the one guy I'll almost always stop for is
           | FunkFPV, who just does a duet on clips of stupid "hacks" and
           | incidences of dumb stuff happening in factory / warehouse /
           | construction settings.
           | 
           | He's just a blue-collar type guy who is mildly funny when
           | critiquing the stupidity of, say, a guy walking up a badly
           | placed ladder with a mini split condenser on his shoulder -
           | but it's a niche that for whatever reason I enjoy, and I
           | don't think I'd remember his handle if it wasn't for his very
           | specific niche.
           | 
           | Interestingly enough [2] I've noticed a number of other
           | creators seem to have sprung up in this niche and will
           | occasionally find a video of some other blue-collar-lookin-
           | dude doing the same schtick. I doubt FunkFPV is the first (in
           | fact he sort of reminds me of an "AvE-lite") to tap this
           | weird market, but he's my touchpoint, at least.
           | 
           | [1]: Yes, it _is_ embarrassing that the algorithm has
           | determined that these are likely to garner my attention
           | 
           | [2]: it's actually not really _interesting_ because almost
           | nothing on the topic of short-form video is actually
           | interesting by any reasonable definition of that word, so
           | this is just a turn of phrase
        
           | alexdobrenko wrote:
           | yes except all of this stuff...fundementally sucks, right?
           | its why influencers generally don't become actors. there's
           | very little depth to it. Versus for example Hank and John
           | Green who sure, they have good hooks, but they also have
           | depth?
           | 
           | idk can't tell if this is me hoping or coping
        
           | noumenon1111 wrote:
           | Hello! My name is Xandiloquence Bizarre the Ab3rd, and today
           | I will make a hat entirely out of dried cucumber.
        
         | amelius wrote:
         | Except the hooks only attach to the lizard brain while the
         | rational brain just sits there with a palm in its face.
        
           | nsbk wrote:
           | There is no lizard brain. The "triune brain" theory has been
           | debunked by modern neuroscience for years.
        
         | PeterStuer wrote:
         | "You can't just find one hook that works and reuse it forever"
         | 
         | Biology tends to disagree.
        
         | galkk wrote:
         | > You can't just find one hook that works and reuse it forever
         | 
         | Hmm. I feel exact opposite. Most of successful channels that i
         | see are using exact same formula/structure/often even style
         | time and time again.
        
         | jonnybgood wrote:
         | > You can't just find one hook that works and reuse it forever
         | because people will get bored of it
         | 
         | Isn't that the most followed user on TikTok Khaby Lame (his
         | facial expression)? Looks like he just sold his company for
         | $900M.
        
           | Cthulhu_ wrote:
           | Damn, I'm in the wrong industry.
           | 
           | I think it's different for tiktok (as a non-tiktok user so
           | take this with a huge grain of salt lmao), people don't watch
           | one creator's videos one after the other, they get put in the
           | big soup of clips that people scroll through for sometimes
           | hours a day. And a lot of that is people sticking to one
           | formula, because for many, the predictability is comforting /
           | puts them in the tiktok brain off frame of mind.
           | 
           | Which isn't a new phenomenon - lots of people have "comfort
           | shows" on e.g. Netflix, often the studio series with long
           | seasons like sitcoms. They're comfortable because they often
           | maintain a similar energy or formula over their run time, and
           | missing parts of it (like current-day episodic films) isn't a
           | big issue.
        
         | Cthulhu_ wrote:
         | This is leaking to loads of other media too - movie trailers
         | have started with some quick action shots, then BIG text saying
         | "trailer starts now". Like a trailer to a trailer. Which is
         | released after a teaser for a trailer. They even have recurring
         | sound effects (vine boom sounds, but movie trailer edition
         | where every action event (explosion, punch, scene change) is
         | accentuated with a distinct drum boom sound effect, often in
         | time with the dramatized remix of recognisable music). I hate
         | it lol.
         | 
         | As for tiktok / other short video clip format content, one
         | trend I've seen is to start the video with the conclusion (e.g.
         | someone falling over), then starting with the buildup. Since
         | these videos are played on loop anyway, they trick the viewer
         | into thinking they missed the buildup.
        
           | sevenseacat wrote:
           | How I hate the trend of videos like YouTube shorts to almost
           | show the punchline of the video at the start before the full
           | video.
        
             | Nextgrid wrote:
             | It's not limited to Shorts, even normal longform videos
             | have had this crap for years now. I hate it too -
             | fortunately SponsorBlock can take care of this, they have
             | optional categories you can enable beyond just sponsors,
             | including the "hook".
             | 
             | I was looking into making an automatic detector for this
             | kind of thing (basically detect if anything in the first
             | ~30 seconds repeats itself later in the video, and if so
             | mark it) but my DSP skills aren't up to the task (and turns
             | out LLMs are useless for these kinds of novel tasks).
        
               | andai wrote:
               | In my experience an LLM could probably handle this. And
               | it's not so novel. They can make an image stitcher which
               | is basically the same problem.
               | 
               | It would probably need to download the whole video first
               | though, so I'm not sure it would work as an extension.
               | And analysing all frames would be expensive upfront. (If
               | you're using it interactively and waiting for a video to
               | start playing.)
               | 
               | You might be able to get away with just looking for
               | repetition in the audio.
        
               | Nextgrid wrote:
               | Yeah my point was to download videos in bulk and scan
               | them to then mark these segments in Sponsorblock.
               | 
               | LLMs failed to produce any kind of performant solution.
        
               | storystarling wrote:
               | Generative models feel like the wrong abstraction here. I
               | would try extracting keyframes and running them through
               | CLIP or SigLIP to get embeddings. Then you can just do
               | vector search to match the segments. Much lighter on
               | compute.
        
               | Nextgrid wrote:
               | I was talking to get LLMs to write the code or come up
               | with an approach. I agree that the resulting solution
               | does not need any kind of LLMs or even ML.
        
         | psychoslave wrote:
         | I wonder what proportion of people find things like TikTok,
         | YouTube shorts, and even Twitter for the text counterpart,
         | absolutely repulsive. It's not even disdain as in "I'm too good
         | for this", more like some people can't stand the view of a
         | spider I guess.
         | 
         | And other things like HN can definitely hook my mind.
        
         | duxup wrote:
         | > You can't just find one hook that works
         | 
         | Is that true?
        
         | wodow wrote:
         | > You can't just find one hook that works and reuse it
         | forever...
         | 
         | I would be interested in a study on how long popular accounts
         | do use their one hook -- or set of hooks, or rotate them...
        
           | slumberlust wrote:
           | We have these answers already. At least the successful tubers
           | like Mr. beast do. They ab test everything. That super creepy
           | saturated image of him? Works really really well.
        
         | RGamma wrote:
         | This description leaves me feeling _blandly horrified_.
        
         | abustamam wrote:
         | I don't personally use tiktok but I have friends who will send
         | me tiktok videos. I can't stand the dancing ones but the ones I
         | usually end up watching through tend to be the ones that get
         | right to the point. I wouldn't call it a hook, I'd just say it
         | respects the viewer's time, which I like.
        
       | OtherShrezzing wrote:
       | This was quite a good article. It could have been excellent if it
       | answered its own hook somewhere the piece though.
       | 
       | I came away not having a resolution to the hook - violating the
       | articles second principle.
        
       | makeitrain wrote:
       | I can't click on any links on pages (the header works).
       | 
       | Using brave on iPhone.
       | 
       | Firefox and Safari works...
        
       | skybrian wrote:
       | Suppose you fed this article into an LLM, along with whatever
       | other documents you had, and asked it to come up with some good
       | candidates for opening sentences? And picked one, and let it take
       | it from there?
       | 
       | I assume you'd get a mess, but it might be an interesting mess.
        
       | bondarchuk wrote:
       | I think "Just... start with the interesting part first" is quite
       | different, and actually much better advice than "make me care".
       | I'm more than done with stupid hooks and attention grabbing
       | techniques, just plainly and honestly state at the outset what
       | the point is of what will follow.
        
         | marginalia_nu wrote:
         | Yeah, there are two basic schools.
         | 
         | 1. Broadcast what the article is about to let the interested
         | readers find it easier
         | 
         | 2. Trick people into reading as much of the article as possible
         | through any means
         | 
         | The first makes sense if you want readers. The second makes
         | sense if you're counting page impressions.
        
           | sothatsit wrote:
           | This is fairly uncharitable. The goal is not to trick people
           | into reading, it is to motivate them as to why they should
           | read. It is more about highlighting the most interesting part
           | of your article to tell people why they should spend the
           | time. You still have to deliver on your promises.
           | 
           | I feel like Gwern's example is quite illustrative of this
           | point. Just framing the content differently makes you more
           | motivated to jump into it, even if you're reading about the
           | same content as before.
        
             | bondarchuk wrote:
             | I don't know. It's almost universally assumed to be true
             | that "making someone want to read on" is inherently good
             | but IMO it's not. Why is it good to be "more motivated to
             | jump into it"? If a plain description and some context does
             | not motivate you, it would be better to spend your time
             | elsewhere.
        
               | sothatsit wrote:
               | I prefer reading interesting stories to textbooks. It's
               | that simple. If all you want to read is textbook entries,
               | then you are an outlier.
        
         | NegativeK wrote:
         | I now try to follow something like bottom line up front (BLUF)
         | when I'm trying to quickly communicate something and respect
         | someone's time: the most important, actionable detail first
         | with details expanding as you read more.
         | 
         | I first heard that it has a standard in an email from someone
         | ex-military; they started the email with "BLUF: blah blah
         | blah". Turns out the military had (has?) it as a standard for
         | emails. Go figure.
         | 
         | Before then, I remember someone asking Adam Ragusea (Youtube
         | cooking channel) why he gives away the point of the video at
         | the very beginning. Ragusea explained that he was previously a
         | journalism professor, and he refused to bury the lede.
         | 
         | I don't watch cooking content anymore, but I've remained
         | impressed that he was able to have a Youtube career while
         | avoiding that manipulate-the-audience behavior to drive stats.
        
           | bondarchuk wrote:
           | So basically TL;DR :)
        
       | treetalker wrote:
       | Zeroth, proofread.
        
         | swiftcoder wrote:
         | Eh, if your hook is interesting and your writing is generally
         | solid, I'm not about to begrudge a few typos
        
           | jfengel wrote:
           | True, but any re-reading will let you pick up a lot of the
           | typos. If you write it once and ship it unedited, then you
           | weren't interested, and the reader likely won't be either.
           | Typos clue the reader into that early.
        
       | isoprophlex wrote:
       | This article succeeded spectacularly in making me want to know
       | all there is to know about medieval Venice, that's for sure.
        
         | skybrian wrote:
         | It's really too bad it's not a quote from an actual book.
        
       | treelover wrote:
       | "When writing, your first job is this: First, make me care."
       | 
       | It really depends on who the audience is...
        
         | bravura wrote:
         | Understanding your audience is your first job as a writer or
         | communicator.
         | 
         | Speaking to them and making them care is job two.
        
           | wtetzner wrote:
           | Ideally you wouldn't need to make them care. Just give them
           | enough information up front for them to determine if they
           | care.
        
       | tines wrote:
       | I have often thought that all good fiction is mystery. This is
       | obviously an overstatement, but I think it's not too far off.
       | Humans are mystery solvers. If I don't have a compelling mystery
       | to solve--something like the "what's going on beneath the surface
       | in this town?" that David Lynch does so well--when I'm reading
       | your book or watching your tv show or playing your game, I'm
       | usually out unless I have a strong prior interest (which simply
       | means that I brought my own mystery).
        
         | Frotag wrote:
         | I'm usually the opposite. Mystery feels like the characters,
         | the narrator, etc are all being intentionally obscure, for no
         | reason other than to pad page count and incite drama.
         | 
         | I prefer stories that are either about evoking feelings
         | (adventure, romance, slice of life) or about exploring ideas /
         | what-ifs (scifi, fantasy). And ideally stories at the extremes
         | of this spectrum. Maybe I've read too many but ones in the
         | middle tend to be too cliched to hook me.
        
           | tines wrote:
           | It could definitely be my systems-oriented writing. May I ask
           | what your profession is? I'm a software engineer.
        
             | Frotag wrote:
             | Same, code monkey. But mostly fromt end these days.
        
       | pcrh wrote:
       | The hook was great, but article was mediocre. I glazed over at
       | the mention of LLMs in the second paragraph, skimming the article
       | through to the end didn't improve things.
       | 
       | If your readers now care, don't disappoint them...
        
       | zkmon wrote:
       | > When writing, first, make the reader care, one way or another.
       | Because if I am not hooked by the first screen, I will probably
       | not keep reading--no matter how good the rest of it is!
       | 
       | Keeping the reader glued to the screen is not the primary goal of
       | writing. This artificial goal pollutes the connection between
       | writer and reader. It makes them buyer and seller and rewards
       | sales tactics. You don't write for the reader. You write for
       | yourself first. Readers sometimes, just happen to appreciate it
       | about as much you do.
        
         | ofalkaed wrote:
         | I agree with your first assertion but not so much on the rest.
         | There is more than one reason to write and for many it is about
         | communication, they have something they want to express and you
         | would be wise to consider your reader if that is your goal.
         | 
         | Hooking the reader with the opening page is swinging to the
         | other fence of having a terrible opening page that no one will
         | get through, generally not good to swing to the fences. I think
         | the writer should be honest and upfront with the reader, the
         | opening pages should be representative of what is to come, they
         | should represent the whole and not just the beginning.
        
         | BeetleB wrote:
         | > Keeping the reader glued to the screen is not the primary
         | goal of writing.
         | 
         | This is common advice in English classes and it predates the
         | World Wide Web (and likely the Internet).
         | 
         | Hook them in the first few sentences or lose them.
         | 
         | And yes, of course, it does depend on who the intended audience
         | is. You wouldn't do it in The New Yorker.
         | 
         | > You don't write for the reader. You write for yourself first.
         | Readers sometimes, just happen to appreciate it about as much
         | you do.
         | 
         | Depends very much on the medium. It's definitely not true that
         | most professional writing is written for the author's sake. It
         | is for an audience. Read books on writing and you'll often find
         | the advice to cut out things if they won't interest the reader
         | - no matter how valuable it is to you.
         | 
         | I myself struggle with this. Some years ago, I took a trip to
         | my childhood home in another country after being separated for
         | decades. Almost none of my friends from the time have been
         | there in decades either. I made notes during the trip, and when
         | I got back I started writing what I saw, and shared it with my
         | friends who grew up with me. How various neighborhoods have
         | changed. Anecdotes from my childhood tied to those places. And
         | a lot more.
         | 
         | I got 30% done, and then decided to hold off sharing till I'd
         | written the whole thing. I now have a first draft. It's the
         | size of a proper book. It contains a _lot_ of stuff that is of
         | value to me, but likely not to most of the (small) audience. I
         | know if I share it with them, chances are high no one will read
         | it.
         | 
         | On the one hand, the stuff I wrote is highly valuable to me -
         | it's become an unintentional memoir. But on the other hand, I
         | do want to share quite a bit with my friends, and I know
         | they'll value it if they actually read it.
         | 
         | I'll either have to cut a lot out, or write two versions
         | (impractical).
         | 
         | The point being that even when you have a very limited
         | audience, it is important to care about them and sacrifice your
         | needs to an extent.
        
           | zkmon wrote:
           | Never cut out stuff that you felt important to include. Just
           | forget the reader. The content you write should reflect you,
           | not the reader. It's your expression. Don't make it a sales
           | pitch, or a reflection of average reader's taste.
           | 
           | I get scared when an author is talking to me, the reader. I
           | stop reading when they pretend to be aware of my context.
           | Things like "So you are reading this book because you want to
           | learn about AI" sounds very cheap.
           | 
           | Also I hate when the actors on TV suddenly start talking to
           | the viewer about what they did and why did etc. Disgusting.
           | 
           | Audience want to observe the performers, not converse with
           | them. Your best performance comes out when you are not much
           | aware of the audience. Like a child playing, ignoring people
           | around.
        
             | BeetleB wrote:
             | > The content you write should reflect you, not the reader.
             | 
             | It's not a binary proposition. One can write for both, as
             | long as they're willing to compromise. I'd rather something
             | be 80% good and have an audience than 100% good with no
             | audience.
             | 
             | Why write if no one will read? I have no idea if even I
             | will read it - I already "read" it while writing it. Maybe
             | in 20 years I'll revisit? I don't know.
             | 
             | > I get scared when an author is talking to me, the reader.
             | 
             | > Also I hate when the actors on TV suddenly start talking
             | to the viewer about what they did and why did etc.
             | Disgusting.
             | 
             | That's your quirk. Don't assume others have the same
             | preferences as you.
             | 
             | > Things like "So you are reading this book because you
             | want to learn about AI" sounds very cheap.
             | 
             | I don't see anyone advocating writing like this.
             | 
             | In general, most writers disagree with you. I take it
             | you've not heard of "Kill your darlings"?
        
         | derektank wrote:
         | The primary goal of writing is communication. If you are trying
         | to convey information, you need someone to actually sit down
         | and read it. Most of the time, this isn't a problem, you're
         | writing for someone you have a pre-existing relationship with
         | and they want to read what you have to say, whether that be a
         | friend, a coworker, or your future self.
         | 
         | Problems arise when you move from one:one, to one:many
         | communication. If you are trying to pass knowledge on to people
         | you have no prior relationship with, you do need to attract
         | their attention in a sea of options. If you actually have
         | something important to say that other people need to hear, it
         | does nobody any good for you to go unnoticed. In those
         | circumstances, I don't see anything wrong with taking Gwern's
         | advice.
        
         | GeoAtreides wrote:
         | > Keeping the reader glued to the screen is not the primary
         | goal of writing [...] You don't write for the reader.
         | 
         | This is contrary to all writing advice I have read, from Robert
         | Olen Butler to John Gardner. Sure, the natural geniuses might
         | write from themselves or their friends (like Kafka) and because
         | they're geniuses the writing is good, but most people aren't
         | geniuses, so they need to keep the reader and its needs firmly
         | (VERY firmly) in their minds.
         | 
         | Speaking of John Gardner, here is a quote about writing that
         | perfectly encapsulates what the job of writer is:
         | 
         | "A true work of fiction does all of the following things, and
         | does them elegantly, efficiently: it creates a vivid and
         | continuous dream in the reader's mind; it is implicitly
         | philosophical; it fulfills or at least deals with all of the
         | expectations it sets up; and it strikes us, in the end, not
         | simply as a thing done but as a shining performance."
         | 
         | ..."Make me care" is part of the "expectations it sets up".
         | "Make me care" begins with the first word of the first chapter,
         | continues with the first paragraph and the first page and,
         | through the first scene, it eases the reader into the "vivid
         | and continuous dream" from which the author should never jolt
         | awake the reader.
        
       | svilen_dobrev wrote:
       | aaand, how to apply this technique to a CV?
       | 
       | prepending a one-liner-about-some-feat that _might_ interest that
       | particular company, before the usual cv afterthat?
       | 
       | hmm. made me think..
        
       | arjie wrote:
       | This insight is what caused the rise of the clickbait headline
       | and its predecessors in eras past. You need a hook or there's no
       | point reading the tale.
        
       | firefoxd wrote:
       | I wrote my story and titled it, "My experience at work with an
       | automated HR system". I sent it to a few friends, only a couple
       | of them read it.
       | 
       | A week later, I renamed it to "The Machine Fired Me". That seemed
       | to capture it better. The goal wasn't to make it click bait, but
       | it was to put the spoiler, and punch line right up front. It blew
       | up!
       | 
       | I had just read Life of Pi, and one thing I like about that book
       | is that you know the punch line before you even pick up a copy. A
       | boy is stuck with a bengal tiger in a boat. Now that the punch
       | line is out of the way, the story has time to unfold and be
       | interesting in its own merit. That's what I was trying to
       | recreate with my own story.
        
         | stephenbez wrote:
         | "The Machine Fired Me" is one good hook. I found the original
         | post and its good: https://idiallo.com/blog/when-a-machine-
         | fired-me
        
         | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
         | That's the LinkedIn "broetry" formula.
         | 
         | LI only shows a sentence as a teaser, and good "broets" have
         | learned to write a good teaser line.
        
           | nicbou wrote:
           | This is such a perfect term for it. Thank you for starting my
           | day with a chuckle. I feel validated.
           | 
           | More about this weird phenomenon:
           | https://fenwick.media/rewild/magazine/dead-broets-society-
           | be...
        
         | NathanaelRea wrote:
         | Reminds me of Veritasium's recent videos, really driving that
         | initial hook and maintaining the viewer's attention. He had an
         | explanation video about it which explained how people who would
         | be interested in something like "the Lorenz equation" probably
         | don't know what it's called, so it might be more accurate to
         | phrase it in terms that someone would search for or initially
         | peak their interest.
         | 
         | And I think it fits neatly with making people care first. I
         | want to learn more about the machine that fired you, that's
         | more the start of a narrative arc. It's almost like I have more
         | trust that you will make it interesting, since you put a little
         | more work up front.
        
         | chasemp wrote:
         | Great example, thanks for sharing.
        
         | zamadatix wrote:
         | > The goal wasn't to make it click bait, but it was to put the
         | spoiler, and punch line right up front.
         | 
         | For those who are really adverse to that kind of thing and have
         | trouble with thinking "but it is is just making it sound like
         | clickbait" in the comparison above: You don't have to go as far
         | with it either. Just inserting inserting that one detail
         | without changing the style or shortening it makes the reader's
         | mind go from "maybe some person complaining about automated
         | form requirements in benefits sign up or some first week
         | onboarding program or something" bore to "fired by an automated
         | HR!?" interest.
        
           | socalgal2 wrote:
           | I have rule on Youtube. If the title of the video is click
           | baity then I pick "Don't Recommend Channel", always and
           | without exception.
           | 
           | "The Machine Fired Me" would not get me to block the channel
           | but I've blocked hundreds of channels.
           | 
           | I also block any channel that appears to be a rando repeating
           | the latest hot topic.
        
       | oncallthrow wrote:
       | This didn't make me care
        
         | jfengel wrote:
         | Agreed, because it's not very actionable advice. At best it
         | provides some examples of what not to do.
         | 
         | The example leads to one classic bit of writing advice: tell
         | only the very most important things and omit everything else.
         | Start the story as late as you can and end it as early as
         | possible. This applies to nonfiction just as much as to
         | fiction.
        
       | tolerance wrote:
       | You know I've never read an article by Gwern that made me feel
       | like he was sensitive to this idea, one that in my head
       | essentially breaks down to the use of narrative and the leverage
       | of "stakes" that inform the reader of kinds of conflict that make
       | a narrative special.
       | 
       | I'm reminded of a remark made by David Foster Wallace (on KCRW?
       | Or oft-repeated elsewhere) about how he had to come to terms with
       | the purpose of writing not being to show off how smart you are to
       | the reader. Instead your writing has to evince some kind of
       | innate investment to the reader that piques their genuine
       | interests and intrigue.
       | 
       | A lot of writers are tainted by the expectations set in grade
       | school. Write for a grade and good writing is what yields a good
       | grade according to the standards set by the subject which often
       | is not 'Composition' but more like 'Prove to me that you remember
       | everything we mentioned in class about the French Revolution'.
       | 
       | I've never felt _drawn into_ an article by Gwern at least not in
       | the way that I have been by some writing by Maciej Ceglowski, for
       | example. Reading Gwern I am both overwhelmed by the adornments to
       | the text (hyperlinks, pop-ups, margin notes; other hypertext
       | doodads and portals) and underwhelmed by the substance of the
       | text itself. I don't consider Paul Graham a literary _griot_
       | either. But I find that his own prose is bolstered by a kind of
       | clarity and asceticism that is informative and not entirely void
       | of good style and form.
       | 
       | Lawrence McEnery of the University of the Chicago contributed a
       | lot of good thinking to this kind of stuff though.
       | 
       | This wasn't meant to be a criticism of the author of this post's
       | own work. But here that's how it's left. I haven't come across
       | any writing of his that's as intriguing as "Empires Without
       | Farms: The Case of Venice" seems. If anyone has any
       | recommendations, do share.
        
         | wetpaws wrote:
         | Gwern has hands down one of the worst blogs, readability wise,
         | ever created on the internets. His writing style can be hit or
         | miss too.
        
           | 1dom wrote:
           | I think that's a little extreme to say it's one of the worst.
           | It's definitely a different style to a lot of blogs, but I
           | like how much information is spread across the site. It's
           | satisfying to explore on a desktop.
        
           | jefftk wrote:
           | There are definitely less readable blogs, even restricting to
           | ones that aren't intentionally hard to read. For example:
           | https://www.lilywise.com/amusement (Disclosure: written by my
           | kid, who was just shy of 7yo then)
           | 
           | Personally, I like Gwern's style and aesthetic a lot, and
           | don't have trouble reading his stuff.
        
           | bigDinosaur wrote:
           | Gwern does actual research into usability, and that's the
           | reason there aren't any ads on Gwern.net (which alone makes
           | it far from the worst for readability, I mean have you _used_
           | the internet without an ad blocker on the median blog??).
           | 
           | Anyway, it's readable for me, and I quite enjoy it, so
           | perhaps you just aren't the target audience. That doesn't
           | matter at all, you don't need to read Gwern at all.
        
           | orthoxerox wrote:
           | I agree, but I think I know why I personally have this
           | opinion. I don't like reading hypermedia, and Gwern is all
           | about hypermedia.
           | 
           | Hypermedia is fine when you're reading reference material,
           | like Wikipedia. We've all done https://xkcd.com/214/, but at
           | some point you just learn to tune out the hyperlinks.
           | 
           | When reading an article written by a single human, I want it
           | to have a well-defined linear structure. I don't even like
           | footnotes or pull-out quotes. Gwern likes to put a "blind"
           | hyperlink or two in literally every sentence. Here's what an
           | "orthoxerox-optimized Gwern article" would look like:
           | 
           | - blind links to literal Wikipedia: gone, I can search for
           | more information myself - blind links to external websites:
           | please just pull the relevant information into the body of
           | the article or, if that's impossible, spend a sentence on why
           | you want me to click it - blind links to other pages on the
           | website: again, if it's some relevant information, please
           | just pull it into the body of the article; if it's self-
           | promotion, I can live with links like these if they are the
           | only blind ones left, but the "Similar links" box under the
           | article is already there
        
         | Jach wrote:
         | I think for a lot of people, simply having "Author: Gwern" (or
         | some other author they like) is the sufficient bit of
         | information to make them care, it's generic on the content.
         | I've read a lot of not very stylish writing simply because of
         | who wrote it. Or in other words, "Your ideas are intriguing to
         | me and I wish to subscribe to your newsletter." Whatever quirks
         | of bad style there are will get a pass because I already care
         | -- style is more important when you want to reach someone who
         | hasn't heard of you.
        
           | eichin wrote:
           | Yeah, but even that isn't going to make me care about why
           | Gwern is obsessing over Venice. Part of that is that I follow
           | Overly Sarcastic Productions on youtube and "Blue" did a
           | vastly better job of expressing/performing "I'm excited about
           | Venice, and in a couple of minutes you will be too!" - an
           | advantage of the medium and of their chosen style, for
           | reaching someone like me who _isn 't_ all that compelled by
           | European history.
           | 
           | (Yes, I get that it was an example to make a point about a
           | writing style; one of the risks of really concrete examples
           | is bouncing off of the example itself :-)
        
           | tolerance wrote:
           | I like where you're heading with this and to a degree I think
           | that it leads toward considerations about the personality of
           | the author in tow with their writing and writing ability
           | which on its head evokes questions about what makes a person,
           | well, _personable_. Which turns this into a sensitive
           | discussion about what one can glean about an author's
           | character traits based on their writing style and when the
           | author in question is only a 'public figure' in the eyes of
           | the niche collection of online enclaves who are even aware
           | that Gwern exists it becomes tough to candidly critique his
           | literary persona with the sort of freedom that one may have
           | when talking about say, some guy who's written for the
           | Atlantic for 30 years and is further from the spaces where
           | criticisms about his work are held.
           | 
           | My criticisms about Gwern's writing is not meant to be
           | taken... _ahem_...personally in the sense that I don't want
           | to use Gwern as a subject for whatever literary critique I'm
           | trying to proffer beyond how useful it is--and is presenting
           | itself--as a fine case to help make whatever point I'm trying
           | to make more clear about how Writing style is inextricable
           | from and indicative of personality or lack thereof. And this
           | is probably a part of what makes reading and writing such a
           | profound experience.
           | 
           | One of the most interesting remarks about Gwern's writing is
           | this comment [1]:
           | 
           | > Everything I read from gwern has this misanthropic
           | undertones. It's hard to put a finger on it exactly, but it
           | grits me when I try reading him.
           | 
           | -- <https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42135302>
           | 
           | While I can't agree with the entirety of `mola's comment--I
           | simply haven't put that much thought into making as grave of
           | an evaluation into Gwern's character as such a judgement
           | would demand, nor am I that interested in deliberating over
           | such an evaluation--it still resonates with me as a reader
           | and you'll find in my comment downthread from `mola's remark
           | that it's at least _plausible_ that an affinity for self-
           | expression and intellectualizing about the world doesn't
           | necessitate an interest in the rest of its inhabitants in a
           | way that causes me _not_ to find the thesis behind "First,
           | make me care" to be coloured with a stroke of irony,
           | considering who's behind it.
           | 
           | You say "style is more important when you want to reach
           | someone who hasn't heard of you." I agree with that and I
           | reckon that it's still style that forms a non-trivial amount
           | of how you identify with 'who' the author is once you've
           | become familiar with they're work and can set an expectation
           | for why their ideas may be worthwhile to engage with in the
           | first place. Again, Paul Graham's writing has a style
           | although no where to the degree that Maciej Ceglowski does.
           | You can evince characteristics about each of them relative to
           | how and what they write about. You can even speculate on ways
           | that their respective personalities could lead to friction
           | between them. [2]
           | 
           | When we interrogate the "who" behind "who wrote" we are
           | making judgements about the personality of the author and how
           | that that makes us interested in their ideas. Today there are
           | various non-literary mediums that give us a glimpse at a
           | person's personality with which we can anticipate whether
           | it's worth reading what they write. But if all you go by is
           | their writing then how they write is about the only way for
           | you to speculate about 'who' the author is and what they're
           | like as a person.
           | 
           | There are probably holes in this line of reasoning but I
           | don't think the lines between writing style, personal appeal
           | and the ability to appeal to readers through how you write--
           | effectively signaling to your personality in the process!--
           | are as distinct as I think you're portraying them. What's the
           | opposite of orthogonal? Correlated?
           | 
           | To end: Gwern's writing lacks personality to me. This makes
           | it hard to reconcile with the point he's making in this
           | article (which I agree with!) and my perception of his own
           | writing (which invariably and perhaps even _unfortunately_
           | invites speculation into any writer's own personality).
           | 
           | Again, please, Does Gwern have anything that sounds as
           | striking as "Empires Without Farms: The Case of Venice" or
           | was that example a tacit hat tip to Brett Devereaux's work? I
           | don't think the guy is a _misanthrope_ but I do sense a wall
           | of text--both figuratively and literally--between he and I
           | when engaging with his writing. He is evidently well and
           | _widely_ read and despite my dislike for the visual form of
           | his website I think that it is still a solid technical
           | display of hypertext for personal web design and information
           | architecture. But in spite of this all I find that it lacks
           | depth, not intellectually but personally. ' _Spiritually_ ',
           | if you will.
           | 
           | [1] Now you may be able figure out my reasoning for the first
           | paragraph re: public figures and criticism. I guess that's
           | this puts me in the camp of those who don't believe that's
           | possible to separate art from the artist. Discussing one
           | commands a look into the other, otherwise why bother with
           | 'art' and 'artists' at all?
           | 
           | [2] Those who are familiar with both Graham's and Ceglowski's
           | writing can take a guess at who once called the other a "big
           | ole weenis" in an exchange on this very site.
        
             | Jach wrote:
             | It's risky business inferring personality from writing
             | samples because people can and do adopt different styles in
             | their writing depending on circumstance and whimsy. As an
             | exercise, read something from James Mickens, and try to
             | imitate his style for some other technical topic. It's
             | actually not that hard, at least to get within throwing
             | distance, refinement is always possible. He probably
             | doesn't write family letters or most emails or technical
             | documentation that way though. Once you have a broader
             | sample from an author across different topics and genres,
             | and even sampling on short-form writing or interviews, you
             | can be on better footing for guessing what their
             | personality is like without having to go through the effort
             | of _getting to know them_ as an individual (which is
             | otherwise the usual constraint) but you still risk being
             | quite over-confidently wrong.
             | 
             | Certainly you're right that aspects of writing including
             | style come to be expected over time by an audience, and if
             | what were supposedly fixed things suddenly change it's
             | usually not pleasant. Though to a fresh reader, the new
             | version might be far preferable. Some authors could use an
             | editor, some authors could tell their editor to back off
             | more.
             | 
             | In the similar space of personalities we're discussing, I'd
             | also bring up patio11, whose writing I've sampled for a
             | long time here and elsewhere (I still think of him as the
             | bingo card guy). I've mostly enjoyed it but I would not
             | mind at all if his question-anticipating style and stating-
             | things-precisely-but-also-precisely-vaguely-so-as-not-to-
             | create-any-chance-at-liabilities style went away. The
             | content overcomes the style and matters more, which I'd
             | like to think is usual for me and how I evaluate things
             | anyway.
             | 
             | The misanthrope comment is pretty funny. I'd disagree,
             | especially considering how gwern has handled crazy person
             | emails, but also because I'm somewhat misanthropic myself
             | and figure gwern is probably less so, but who knows, it's a
             | pretty bold thing to claim of someone else you don't know
             | personally one way or another. I think what might be there
             | for people to pick up on is a sense of superiority but in
             | the form of distance, illustrated by this anonymous quote:
             | "If I am superior to others, if I am above others, then I
             | do not need others. When I say that I am above others, it
             | does not mean that I feel better than them, it means that I
             | am at a distance from them, a safe distance." (But again
             | perhaps not, I just like that quote and is how I've felt of
             | myself at times, more when I was younger.)
             | 
             | The opposite of orthogonal is non-orthogonal, the
             | components are not completely independent, but it's left
             | unstated how dependent they then are. (You could also say
             | the inner product is non-zero if talking about vectors.
             | There are many numbers that are non-zero.) I'd agree that
             | there is something of an artist in an artist's works, but
             | it's again risky (if you care about not being wrong too
             | much anyway, or whatever consequences can come from being
             | wrong) to speculate what exactly that something is,
             | especially if all you have is the work. People all too
             | often read way more into things than what is actually
             | there. The author themself is a more reliable source for
             | what parts of themselves are in something. (I'm reminded of
             | Tolkien's hatred of allegory that he talks about in the
             | preface. His letters go into further detail about what of
             | the artist is or is not in art, intentionally or
             | unintentionally. You could say the art itself talks about
             | it too -- e.g. the Ring by nature of its maker is not like
             | other mere tools which can be used for either good or
             | evil.) For your first footnote, then, I'm in the camp of
             | separation, and it's perfectly fine to talk of one without
             | talk of the other, and for little of an artist's being to
             | leak through. It's also healthier, at least I think it's
             | unhealthy how many people seem to work themselves into a
             | frenzy about something about the artist that prevents them
             | from looking at the art more on its own. And again, if
             | you're not using outside sources, what you can infer about
             | someone purely from the art, purely from the fact that they
             | made something rather than nothing, and this particular
             | something rather than something else, is more limited than
             | what some people imagine. "The Ass Goblins of Auschwitz" is
             | a work of bizarro-fiction, I think there are plenty of
             | people who would wish the author were killed just for
             | admitting to having such thoughts by fact of putting them
             | to paper. I don't actually know anything about the author,
             | if there was any blurb about him in the book I've forgotten
             | it over the actual book, but in any case I'd bet he's a
             | fine guy in day to day life and not deserving of any
             | trouble. (I am rather certain it's a he, though I don't
             | recall his name.)
             | 
             | I also think it's fine to talk of the art and artist
             | together, but it's not necessary, and usually less
             | interesting, fruitful, or certain. But a sometimes-fun
             | exercise in some fiction analysis can be: find the author's
             | self-insert character. (That presupposes there is one,
             | there sometimes isn't.) How sure are you that you've got it
             | right? You should probably consult some information about
             | the author themselves outside the art itself. And even
             | then, is it a "complete insert", or a partial one, or one
             | made of past regrets or future ideals or alternative paths,
             | but not present bits?
             | 
             | While we're tossing light criticism about other people
             | around in public, or as I'd put it just sharing opinions
             | and viewpoints (this is not structured enough to be
             | criticism), what comes to mind first for the three writers
             | brought up is this: Maciej is funny even when he's wrong,
             | pg is just insufferable when wrong, gwern is rarely wrong.
             | I liked pg's older writing more, at some point he fell off
             | and neither his tweets that occasionally surface to me nor
             | his newer essays that I've bothered to read (last one I
             | believe was "Good Writing") have left much of an impact or
             | held my interest content-wise or style-wise. I haven't kept
             | up with Maciej in tweet or other form since 2017 or so
             | because I thought his content and style were repetitive and
             | became boring (and wrong about things in ways that didn't
             | invite counter argument or correction). My exposure to
             | gwern's writing was IRC and LW comments from many years
             | back, I've only read a fraction of his longer form work on
             | his site but occasionally I'll read new things he puts out
             | because he's still occasionally writing about new and
             | interesting things. His style has never put me off, but
             | sure, it's not routinely funny like I remember Maciej, and
             | it lacks some sharpness and brevity that old-pg had. I
             | still think it has personality, and a particular gwern-like
             | personality even when it's in "classic style" mode that is
             | shared by many other writers, but that might just be
             | familiarity especially with his shorter form words.
             | 
             | And I still find gwern funny at times. This bit of fiction,
             | for instance, has some amusing bits:
             | https://gwern.net/fiction/clippy I wonder, does it satisfy
             | your query of something as intriguing as "Empires Without
             | Farms: The Case of Venice"? There are several ways that
             | link can "make me care", though the web page layout can
             | make it awkward. Is it the "clippy" in the URL, the
             | official title "It Looks Like You're Trying To Take Over
             | The World", the one-sentence summary that just tells you
             | it's a fictional short story about something, the two-
             | sentence summary below that which says the same with a tiny
             | bit more detail, the picture of Clippy, or the first lines
             | of the actual text: "In A.D. 20XX. Work was beginning. "How
             | are you gentlemen !!"... (Work. Work never changes; work is
             | always hell.)"? Those first lines are distinctive video
             | game references that even if one hasn't played the games,
             | if one has been on the internet enough during a particular
             | time then they'll likely ring a bell. The recognition of
             | such signals is going to either act like crack ("One of
             | us!") and draw the reader further in, or act as a repellent
             | (quirk chungus) and bring forth a groan if not abandonment;
             | I've been both kinds of reader for the same references.
             | Meanwhile others won't get the references at all, it's just
             | weird. Whether including such references indicates
             | something meaningful about the author's personality
             | directly, rather than just them being aware of the
             | shibboleths and making use of them to attract and entertain
             | a certain audience, is hard to say. Fans often end up with
             | "don't meet your heroes" kinds of feelings when they over-
             | empathized with their inferred construction of someone and
             | thought they were part of the tribe rather than just making
             | use of the tribe's signals.
        
               | tolerance wrote:
               | I appreciate your take on misanthropy. I returned to the
               | topic in another comment in a way I think you may find
               | apt: <https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=46760901>.
               | 
               | Additionally I appreciate the extent to which our
               | perceptions on literature differ. This was an
               | enlightening exchange. In an attempt to retain decorum
               | between us I will withhold speculation on the character
               | of (Mr?) Cameron Pierce whose work you made mention of.
               | But it's tough to resist. And boy, am I confident about
               | it.
               | 
               | Thanks also for the pointer to James Mickens. And if I
               | may ask, do you have a reference for where I may find
               | Tolkien's remarks on the relation between the artist and
               | his art?
               | 
               | I'm going to make a gross fusion out of two points you
               | made that I enjoy in conjunction:
               | 
               | > And again, if you're not using outside sources, what
               | you can infer about someone purely from the art, purely
               | from the fact that they made something rather than
               | nothing, and this particular something rather than
               | something else, is more limited than what some people
               | imagine. [...] Those first lines are distinctive video
               | game references that even if one hasn't played the games,
               | if one has been on the internet enough during a
               | particular time then they'll likely ring a bell. The
               | recognition of such signals is going to either act like
               | crack ("One of us!") and draw the reader further in, or
               | act as a repellent (quirk chungus) and bring forth a
               | groan if not abandonment; I've been both kinds of reader
               | for the same references. Meanwhile others won't get the
               | references at all, it's just weird. Whether including
               | such references indicates something meaningful about the
               | author's personality directly, rather than just them
               | being aware of the shibboleths and making use of them to
               | attract and entertain a certain audience, is hard to say.
               | Fans often end up with "don't meet your heroes" kinds of
               | feelings when they over-empathized with their inferred
               | construction of someone and thought they were part of the
               | tribe rather than just making use of the tribe's signals.
               | 
               | I think how we experience the phenomenon you describe in
               | the second paragraph that I've appended above--the final
               | one in your full response--is where we differ.
               | 
               | I can't help but use references like the ones you
               | described above as data points to infer the personality
               | of the author. It's an innate mental process that occurs
               | concurrent to whatever else I think about while reading
               | their work. And the world is filled with such data points
               | even beyond ones that the author intentionally invites.
               | 
               | I'm probably more likely to expect that these references
               | (that I consider to be outside sources; this may be
               | irresponsible to you) are indicative of the nature of the
               | author either directly or indirectly--that there is at
               | least some genuine influence behind the reference of
               | certain concepts, beliefs and shibboleths--because I
               | don't read fiction the same way that I read non-fiction.
               | Which is to say that I don't actually read fiction _at
               | all_.
               | 
               | I do appreciate how certain fiction serves as literary
               | representations of the ideas that the author has about
               | the world (whether they're his own or those of other's
               | that he wants to bring attention to) that they otherwise
               | wouldn't express through non-fiction. So I do mine the
               | work of some fiction authors for that kind of insight and
               | nothing more; because my objective is to comprehend the
               | diverse ways that people perceive life and the lives of
               | others. Because of this I probably tend to interpret the
               | effect of a piece of literature more seriously than
               | others; in search of more intimate and perhaps more
               | disquieting evaluations.
               | 
               | As you mentioned, sometimes the author is just trying to
               | attract an audience. So that's not to say that _all_
               | references are worthy of as strong of a consideration
               | that I'm describing. Maybe the fun part of this kind of
               | work is vetting for authenticity--for better or worse--
               | all things considered.
        
               | Jach wrote:
               | It's good of you to beware immature judgment lest you so
               | be judged.
               | 
               | I didn't have a particular letter in mind but the topic
               | comes up at various places in _The Letters of J.R.R.
               | Tolkien_ , especially in his remarks about sub-creation.
               | I decided to ctrl-f my digital copy and I'll point you to
               | Letter 213 for a direct remark. It's 3 paragraphs, here's
               | the first:
               | 
               | > I do not like giving 'facts' about myself other than
               | 'dry' ones (which anyway are quite as relevant to my
               | books as any other more Juicy details). Not simply for
               | personal reasons; but also because I object to the
               | contemporary trend in criticism, with its excessive
               | interest in the details of the lives of authors and
               | artists. They only distract attention from an author's
               | works (if the works are in fact worthy of attention), and
               | end, as one now often sees, in becoming the main
               | interest. But only one's guardian Angel, or indeed God
               | Himself, could unravel the real relationship between
               | personal facts and an author's works. Not the author
               | himself (though he knows more than any investigator), and
               | certainly not so-called 'psychologists'.
               | 
               | I'm in agreement with Tolkien here.
               | 
               | I wonder if you've ever read _A Modest Proposal_? If not:
               | https://www.gutenberg.org/files/1080/1080-h/1080-h.htm
               | But if so I still wonder if you can put yourself in the
               | frame of mind of not having read it and not knowing
               | anything about it, and thus recreating an approximation
               | for how you would read such a piece for the first time.
               | What do you make of it? What do you make of Dr. Jonathan
               | Swift? Do you have enough historical knowledge to put
               | yourself in 1729 and interpret it as a person from that
               | era, instead of our modern cynical and irony-poisoned
               | one?
        
               | tolerance wrote:
               | > It's good of you to beware immature judgment lest you
               | so be judged.
               | 
               | A dear reminder best expressed by the second Caliph of
               | the Islamic state Umar ibn al-Khattab rDy llh `nh: "
               | _Bring yourself to account before you are taken to
               | account_."
               | 
               | I think I've come across both that quote of Tolkien's
               | before and I'm also vaguely familiar with _A Modest
               | Proposal_ , to the degree that after reading the subtitle
               | I was reminded that it's satire. I'm not sure how this
               | will affect my reading of it but I intend to assign
               | myself both Letter 213 of Tolkien's letters and the whole
               | of _A Modest Proposal_ with the questions you presented
               | in relation to it as homework! Thanks.
               | 
               | Edit: I also just found your blog and am subscribed to
               | your RSS feed. "Hard Labor" is a nice read. It's hard to
               | come across this level of introspection that doesn't go
               | out of its way to appeal to an audience. Well I'm reading
               | your stuff now. And I am judging you too! (Half joke).
        
             | bee_rider wrote:
             | > Again, please, Does Gwern have anything that sounds as
             | striking as "Empires Without Farms: The Case of Venice" or
             | was that example a tacit hat tip to Brett Devereaux's work?
             | 
             | I don't quite see the link to Devereaux here. But, if
             | anything, I think Devereaux is not at all similar to the
             | writing style in the "Empire without farms" thing here. On
             | ACOUP, he just bluntly tells you what the plan is and then
             | executes it. He does engaging content and funny stuff, but
             | it is sprinkled throughout the text rather than being a
             | gimmicky hook to draw the reader in. For example,
             | 
             | https://acoup.blog/2026/01/16/collections-hoplite-wars-
             | part-...
             | 
             | Starts out with one paragraph about where we are in the
             | series of blog posts and a super zoomed out description of
             | what the series is about.
             | 
             | Then a paragraph about _the fact that he had been planning
             | an alternative ordering for the blog posts._ If I don't
             | already care, that's not going to make me care.
             | 
             | Then we finally get a direct no-frills statement describing
             | the specific question to be answered in this post. It's
             | blunt and it doesn't ask a "get ready for a surprise" type
             | question.
             | 
             | I like it. This is a confident and adult writing style. To
             | me,
             | 
             | "Venice ruled half the Mediterranean. And yet... it had no
             | farms. How do you have an empire without farms?"
             | 
             | Comes off as an author a trying to convince the reader that
             | they have something clever to say. Almost always this is
             | the result of worrying too much about style.
             | 
             | IMO, the best way to come up with a clever phrasing is to
             | start by writing down a direct version first, to figure out
             | what you really want to say. Then, just _don't write a
             | clever phrasing,_ the reader will appreciate your respect
             | for their time.
        
               | tolerance wrote:
               | You're right. I was just riffing on the implied subject
               | matter based on the title of Gwern's imaginary essay and
               | how it reminds me of something that Devereaux would write
               | about. In asking if he had anything that _sounds_ as
               | striking as the title that's as far as I was taking the
               | link between the two.
               | 
               | The 'serialized' voice that Devereaux uses works.
               | Especially when you start from the beginning. I only
               | hopped around a few posts while browsing his archive, but
               | what I'm imagining is from the first post in 2019 all the
               | way until the more recent one you shared, is an ongoing
               | conversation. [1] Or something like a tour (" _Welcome to
               | my collection!_ "). Confident is a good way to describe
               | the style. I like how I feel immediately orientated about
               | the subject matter and the context surrounding how the
               | writing came about.
               | 
               | Here's a similar introduction from 2022:
               | 
               | > This week we're going to start tackling a complex and
               | much debated question: 'how bad was the fall of Rome (in
               | the West)?' This was the topic that won the vote among
               | the patrons of the ACOUP Senate. The original questions
               | here were 'what caused the loss of state capacity during
               | the collapse of the Roman Empire in the West' and 'how
               | could science fiction better reflect such a collapse or
               | massive change?' By way of answer, I want to boil those
               | questions down into something a bit more direct: how bad
               | was the fall of Rome in the West?
               | 
               | -- <https://acoup.blog/2022/01/14/collections-rome-
               | decline-and-f...>
               | 
               | I deliberately sought out the introduction of an essay
               | that was the beginning of a series instead of one that
               | is...Part IV _b_. Whoever is reading Part IVb of the
               | history of  "the heavy infantry of the ancient Greek
               | _poleis_ " is probably too invested and enthused _not_ to
               | care about meta-commentary about alternative sequencing
               | for the series. The quote above is from a Part I entry
               | and I can't say that the meta-commentary that similarly
               | starts this off makes me less interested in it. The
               | intrigue is set early on and with confidence. If I didn't
               | care before, well I do now. I sort of feel _compelled_ to
               | care. I have at least a weeks worth of lectures to catch
               | up on about the fall of Western Rome and there's
               | apparently a _senate's worth_ of similarly-invested
               | readers who have already deliberated that the severity of
               | its collapse is of utmost importance this week.
               | 
               | `Jach made a comment elsewhere about how "style is more
               | important when you want to reach someone who hasn't heard
               | of you." [2] The thing is that in Devereaux's case most
               | of the essays that I've found begin with this 'casual
               | professorial' sort of tone. I'm meandering and I don't
               | want to conclude all of this with a point that
               | misinterprets your own to forge the upper-hand in an
               | argument that doesn't exist.
               | 
               | Referring back to the sample "Farm" essay:
               | 
               | > Venice ruled half the Mediterranean. And yet... it had
               | no farms. How do you have an empire without farms?
               | 
               | I don't think that this is cleverly phrased or that it's
               | a set up for something clever later on. At least I don't
               | think so if we're using the word in a way that evokes
               | strokes of ingenuity and not with a negative connotation,
               | like 'trite' or 'slick'. It may be 'clever' in a sense
               | like "This sounds like the intro from a page straight of
               | a pop history NYT best seller". I could go with that.
               | Yeah, it is indicative of something I probably wouldn't
               | care to read not only because it comes across as
               | 'clever', but more so _unsophisticated_. Let us bear in
               | mind however, that this is a softball introduction used
               | to make a point. It looks like neither of us are
               | convinced that it does so successfully anyhow.
               | 
               | Devereaux's second post, and first essay on acoup.blog
               | start off:
               | 
               | > Evaluating armor designs, especially in works of
               | fantasy or speculative fiction, can be a tricky business.
               | Often times, we can see a design and know something is
               | off about it, but not quite what. Or alternatively, fans
               | and internet commentators will blast this or that design
               | in TV or a movie simply because it does not conform to
               | their own narrow vision of what armor is 'supposed' to
               | look like. I've seen fictional examples of gambesons,
               | muscle cuirasses, mirror-plates and pectorals all mocked
               | by self-appointed expects - and these are armors that
               | were worn historically!
               | 
               | > So how can we do better assess if armor 'makes sense,'
               | even when it is a non-historical design?
               | 
               | From what I could find, this is the sole departure from
               | the 'serialized', 'casual professorial' voice I described
               | earlier. What would you call this? I think it lacks the
               | air of sophistication and _in media res_ meta-commentary
               | that the rest of his writing begins with. To `Jach's
               | point it does appear to stylistically serve as an
               | introduction of its own to the author himself.
               | 
               | Informative is what I'd call it. And there are so many
               | different ways to inform the reader depending on the
               | circumstance.
               | 
               | > Venice ruled half the Mediterranean. And yet... it had
               | no farms. How do you have an empire without farms?
               | 
               | This is uninformative. Clever? If information is to be
               | turned like a trick, for sure.
               | 
               | [1] <https://acoup.blog/2019/05/03/blog-overview-a-
               | collection-of-...>
               | 
               | [2] <https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=46759159>
        
         | davedx wrote:
         | Everyone's a critic, hey?
        
         | rrvsh wrote:
         | I agree, the citations having the little icons were distracting
         | and I had to force myself not to skim. Still though, it's a
         | very illuminating article that applies the very simple concept
         | we all learned in theory to hook the reader but never really
         | seen explicit examples of. I also found the similar pages
         | feature interesting!
        
         | ofalkaed wrote:
         | >David Foster Wallace (on KCRW? Or oft-repeated elsewhere)
         | about how he had to come to terms with the purpose of writing
         | not being to show off how smart you are to the reader.
         | 
         | He expands on this in his conversation with Bryan Garner (of
         | Garner's Modern English Grammar) published as _Quack this Way_
         | , and I think he gets to the core issue, which is that your
         | ideas are not interesting to anyone but you; if you are showing
         | off how smart you are, you are assuming the reader will find
         | your ideas as important and interesting as you do. It is the
         | writer's job to show the reader why they should be interested,
         | why they should care.
         | 
         | Infinite Jest is a also a good example of something which goes
         | against TFA's point, it opens with a very sterile, impersonal,
         | literal and completely disconnected first person narrative, he
         | gives us nothing to care about. But it evolves, but he still
         | doesn't give us anything to care about, just has the narration
         | turn in on itself despite it seeming to have nothing to turn in
         | onto. All he really gives us is the suggestion that there is
         | something more than what we can see. He gets us interested and
         | curious but I don't think we really care at that point.
        
           | tolerance wrote:
           | To his credit and with the exception of mentioning an
           | objective to show his smarts off to readers (which I don't
           | think he wants to do anyhow) Gwern informs us that he is
           | assuming that we will find what he writes as useful as he
           | does, because his objective is to write things that are
           | useful to himself:
           | 
           | > The goal of these pages is not to be a model of concision,
           | maximizing entertainment value per word, or to preach to a
           | choir by elegantly repeating a conclusion. Rather, I am
           | attempting to explain things to my future self, who is
           | intelligent and interested, but has forgotten. What I am
           | doing is explaining why I decided what I did to myself and
           | noting down everything I found interesting about it for
           | future reference. I hope my other readers, whomever they may
           | be, might find the topic as interesting as I found it, and
           | the essay useful or at least entertaining-but the intended
           | audience is my future self.
           | 
           | -- <https://gwern.net/about#target-audience>
           | 
           | We can reconcile this with the purport of the writing of his
           | that we're discussing now--it's a notice with his future self
           | in mind. And we can compare and contrast the above quote and
           | the aforementioned piece with some of PG's writing which I
           | find is meant to be public-facing literature at full bloom.
           | [1][2]
           | 
           | I think there's a difference between 'writing for my future
           | self' and 'writing with the public in mind'. Howard & Barton
           | (1986) would argue that they represent separate stages of the
           | writing process and I agree with that and prefer writing that
           | is primed for the latter form. [3] I associate the maxim
           | "First, make me care" with the latter as well and by-and-
           | large feel like Gwern's writing--that which I've come across
           | most frequently--is geared toward the former form. Which I'm
           | sure serves him well, as well as I'm sure it's served well to
           | those who enjoy his work. I'm yet to determine whether that's
           | a good or bad thing.
           | 
           | As I've cited earlier, some consider Gwern's writing to evoke
           | a sort of misanthropy. But hey...I'm sure there's someone
           | else to say the same about Paul Graham and his stuff. I'll
           | withhold judgement against the both of them on that matter--
           | _for now_ --lest I get caught unprepared to be deemed one
           | myself.
           | 
           | [1] <https://www.paulgraham.com/field.html>
           | 
           | [2] <https://www.paulgraham.com/useful.html>
           | 
           | [3] <https://search.worldcat.org/title/13329813>
        
             | ofalkaed wrote:
             | I don't think we need to credit him or reconcile anything,
             | what he says is not wrong or hypocritical, it is just his
             | view of what makes a good blog post. I disagree with him
             | but the only consequence for him is that I won't read his
             | blog unless I feel compelled to because I want to join in
             | the discussion on somewhere like HN and don't want to be
             | one of those people who interjects into a discussion on an
             | article they did not read, even if the conversation is
             | clearly about the title and not the article or marginally
             | related topics or I simply want to make a marginally
             | related comment.
             | 
             | For me, it is the way he presents and develops ideas that
             | prevents me from reading, it reminds me of reading a
             | tutorial on how to reach his conclusion. Some people
             | probably like the style, some probably don't care about the
             | style, and some like me struggle to even skim a short post
             | like TFA. But I find a great deal of what is on the
             | internet to be difficult to read and think nothing of
             | reading a book like Infinite Jest in a week. I am not the
             | target audience.
             | 
             | Edit: Fixed some editing weirdness, I think.
        
               | tolerance wrote:
               | We seem to be of like mind on this matter then. I look
               | forward to us reconvening the next time Gwern hits the
               | front page and we each feel compelled to voice some kind
               | of informed dissent on the subject. Dissent probably
               | isn't the right word here because I don't think either of
               | us actually disagree with what he's saying.
               | 
               | How fun is a conversation once it's established that both
               | parties are in agreement about something in principle?
               | Does one probe to be provocative?
               | 
               | I place high expectations on writing that 1) I feel is
               | right up my alley because I think I'm already familiar
               | with the topic and 2) I'm unfamiliar with but am eager to
               | learn about--it sparks my curiosity. Not all writing
               | meets these expectations and this is probably why I'm
               | disgusted by the though of using LLMs for information
               | about subjects I have a genuine enthusiasm for and can
               | care less about doing so for others, at least until I can
               | figure out whether I want to know more about it. Then the
               | subject becomes forbidden to prompt about.
               | 
               | > For me, it is the way he presents and develops ideas
               | that prevents me from reading, it reminds me of reading a
               | tutorial on how to reach his conclusion.
               | 
               | My assumption is that this kind of writing exists
               | somewhere along the same strand of writing that lends
               | itself to what's expected from some writing in public
               | school ('Good writing is what shows the reader/teacher
               | that you correctly grasped the material that was taught
               | to you'); writing that is received well by 'The
               | Masses(tm)' or some in-group ('Good writing is what shows
               | the reader/audience that you're beliefs are in correct
               | alignment with theirs'); something like a mathematical
               | proof (a more literal representation of how to reach a
               | conclusion if I correctly understand what a mathematical
               | proof is); and a well-formed atomic note written for
               | private consideration.
        
               | ofalkaed wrote:
               | If your goal is communication, isn't being well received
               | by the masses a very applicable measurement of good
               | writing? David Foster Wallace's contribution to the world
               | is primarily indirect, filtered down to the masses by
               | "bad" writers who are more pragmatic about things and
               | take into account that most people don't want to spend
               | 1000 pages analyzing a topic, don't even want to spend 10
               | pages doing it, they want it boiled down to a simple
               | choice so they can decide if it is of value to them, if
               | it can improve their life and I can't blame or judge them
               | for that. Wallace certainly did not blame them for it,
               | just felt they should be conscious of why they came to a
               | conclusion instead of blindly accepting it because it is
               | their conclusion.
               | 
               | His general style is simple and direct, how we all learn
               | to write essays in school. He writes his outline,
               | diligently follows it while writing his draft, edits the
               | draft and then publishes it. There is nothing inherently
               | wrong or bad about this, I just would rather read
               | something which explores the idea instead of makes an
               | assertion about it, but he is writing about what he looks
               | for in his reading. I would not call it good writing but
               | I also would not call it bad, it is just uninteresting to
               | me.
        
           | jodrellblank wrote:
           | > " _you are assuming the reader will find your ideas as
           | important and interesting as you do. It is the writer 's job
           | to show the reader why they should be interested, why they
           | should care._"
           | 
           | This is writing-as-bookselling and marketing. If you find
           | your ideas interesting and want to write about them, it's not
           | your job to show the reader why, you only expect readers who
           | share your interest to be potential readers. You may not
           | think the reader should be interested or should care at all?
        
         | mmooss wrote:
         | Gwern's point stands on its own merits regardless of what you
         | think of the rest of their blog. And the evidence is
         | overwhelmingly the other way: Lots of people, and especially
         | lots on HN, are very engaged with Gwern's writing, so Gwern
         | seems to be onto something about how to engage readers. What do
         | you think that is?
         | 
         | That would be valuable analysis. Or provide constructive
         | feedback. The complaints aren't constructive and don't inform
         | us about the OP. To me they seem pointless and in the wrong
         | spirit, especially when someone is in the room, within earshot.
         | 
         | Edit: removed an error in what I said originally, sorry.
        
           | tolerance wrote:
           | I just finished this response to a sibling comment of yours:
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=46760312
           | 
           | I think it inadvertently touches on some valid points that
           | you raise, especially the one about criticizing people within
           | earshot.
           | 
           | > Gwern seems to be onto something about how to engage
           | readers. What do you think that is?
           | 
           | I think that people read for different reasons; there are
           | different kinds of readers. I think that there's a dissonance
           | between the point that he makes in this article and my
           | perception of the rest of his work. That's all. Of course
           | defending my opinion so that it is received in good faith
           | reveals more than I want to be taken as an assumption about
           | what I think about Gwern _the person_ , but these assumptions
           | are inevitable when we're talking about writing to incite
           | intrigue in other human beings and how writing is peculiar
           | form of expression and exchange not just of ideas but also of
           | personality.
           | 
           | Some people may read Gwern's work and find that its
           | informational depth satisfies their interests as readers.
           | "Embryo Selection For Intelligence" sounds like an
           | interesting topic to me, but not interesting enough on its
           | own to make me 1) wait for the page to load because the
           | entire page took approximately 13 seconds to to yield almost
           | 12MB of data and 2) read it all, in the form what is self-
           | described as a "cost benefit analysis" on the issue, which
           | makes it seem like more technical/scientifically-driven piece
           | of writing as far as what we can expect by way of style. [1]
           | 
           | Lots of people on HN, I assume, are of the sort who are
           | indeed engaged by technically-minded expositions on a subject
           | and if they are at all interested in narrative then they
           | reach for fiction writing and may even find non-fiction books
           | that attempt to wind narratives as wastes of time unless they
           | are immediately entertaining. And entertainment is not
           | something that I intend to advocate for. But I suspect that
           | there are a lot of readers on HN who view reading as a means
           | to an end--the information; and the more the merrier and
           | merit-worthy the writing is thought to be.
           | 
           | Gwern discusses a lot of topics. I'm probably sharing my
           | reaction to the stuff that I've read from him that I think
           | lacks personality. If my impression of the dominant literary
           | bloc on HN is accurate then maybe I've only come across the
           | information-dense-but-stylistically-lacking prose served on a
           | Xanadu's sled of a web page sort of work of Gwern's.
           | 
           | It's been 4 hours. I am yet to come across an "Empires
           | Without Farms: The Case of Venice" in his oeuvre.
           | 
           | > If you crack open some of the mustier books about the
           | Internet--you know the ones I'm talking about, the ones which
           | invoke Roland Barthes and discuss the sexual transgressing of
           | MUDs--one of the few still relevant criticisms is the concern
           | that the Internet by uniting small groups will divide larger
           | ones.
           | 
           | Loading in 6 seconds and serving a little more than 4MB of
           | content, "The Melancholy of Subculture Society" seems like a
           | good candidate. [2]
           | 
           | [1] <https://gwern.net/subculture>
           | 
           | [2] <https://gwern.net/embryo-selection>
        
             | mmooss wrote:
             | That's a great response; thanks. I would guess you are
             | right that Gwern particularly appeals to the HN crowd,
             | though that might be saying the obvious. Personally - and I
             | don't think my perception is somehow superior to anyone
             | else's - I think Gwern's writing has a clear voice.
             | 
             | > I just finished this response to a sibling comment of
             | yours: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=46760312
             | 
             | I didn't write the parent comment there.
             | 
             | > the entire page took approximately 13 seconds to to yield
             | almost 12MB of data
             | 
             | 13 seconds doesn't seem like much to me compared to the
             | time required to read those pages. I think that
             | objectively, it doesn't have any economic impact. But that
             | is relativley slow.
        
               | tolerance wrote:
               | Oops, uhh.                  s/sibling comment of/comment
               | that's a sibling to
               | 
               | Hope it makes more sense now.
        
               | mmooss wrote:
               | Oh I see. Yes, that makes much more sense. :)
        
           | weitendorf wrote:
           | I think I know the answer, but people don't want to hear it.
           | Gwern has a kind of formula/structure really effectively
           | markets his blog to the HN audience, which is Not Bad
           | Actually, just effective messaging + giving people what they
           | want.
           | 
           | You can't really separate the content from its medium, its
           | contex, and its audience if you're thinking about "why is
           | this successful" (why does the medium express the content n a
           | particular content that works for some particular audience).
           | What the blog post is really about is not "writing" or
           | creating good content per-se, but how to structure content
           | for a blog-like/feed-based medium where you're competing for
           | clicks, views, attention, participation in external
           | narratives, and relevancy/memorability with an audience
           | mostly looking to be entertained or scratch some curiosity
           | itch.
           | 
           | Gwern has a good formula for that which matched the HN
           | context and audience:
           | 
           | 1. Pique interest and grab attention. Give me a reason to
           | click.
           | 
           | 2. Let the reader in on the secret, you and me vs all these
           | other idiots. Validate me.
           | 
           | 3. Back it all up with sources/references and a post that
           | articulates something the reader already was aware of but
           | fundamentally agreed with. Teach me something but make me
           | feel like "Finally someone who gets it" rather than
           | challenged or threatened.
           | 
           | 4. Do the work to actually deliver on the hook. Satisfy my
           | curiosity and give me a reason to come back and share it.
           | 
           | None of this is even necessarily manipulative, it's just the
           | form that successfully competes in a click-driven market for
           | attention and information (the context). Nobody _has_ to
           | click or read through or share or comment on the thing. Most
           | likely very few will click through to the sources, but they
           | might peep them or be interested to know that they exist.
           | It's very effective progressive disclosure.
           | 
           | The thing is, this audience REALLY does not want to believe
           | that they can be marketed to or that their decision making is
           | many ways pretty damn emotional/predictable. Gwern does an
           | excellent job validating that for them AND successfully
           | marketing to them anyway. I think that's the part that's
           | missing from this post.
           | 
           | The context is completely non-captive, the audience wants to
           | feel smart, and believes that they are "too smart to be
           | marketed to". Here they are scrolling through an attention
           | market looking for interesting information that they need to
           | be convinced to click, read through, share, and engage with.
           | Why was the link shared and content created to being with,
           | and how did it structure itself to fit its content/audience,
           | and why does a particular structure/messaging work while
           | others don't?
           | 
           | The word for all of that is Marketing. It's just a Good Thing
           | when done right.
        
             | mmooss wrote:
             | I think that's a very interesting, thoughtful response.
             | 
             | > You can't really separate the content from its medium,
             | its contex, and its audience
             | 
             | Yes, I completely agree.
             | 
             | > the audience wants to feel smart, and believes that they
             | are "too smart to be marketed to". Here they are scrolling
             | through an attention market looking for interesting
             | information that they need to be convinced to click, read
             | through, share, and engage with. Why was the link shared
             | and content created to being with, and how did it structure
             | itself to fit its content/audience, and why does a
             | particular structure/messaging work while others don't?
             | 
             | > The word for all of that is Marketing.
             | 
             | I think that overemphasizes the significance of a 'market'.
             | 'Market' is used as a metaphor for many things, such as
             | 'attention market', but also implies commercial,
             | transactional, profit-oriented relationships, which don't
             | seem like such strong motivations here (though I can't
             | speak for the author). And to me your claims seem assume
             | that the author's primary goal is more attention - they are
             | in an 'attention market', they do all these things with
             | _intent_ to drive more page views.
             | 
             | They could have many other motivations. As a general
             | concept, people love to share what they know, sort of like
             | the drive to make FOSS. Maybe the author just loves to
             | learn things and the blog posts provide an excuse; I've
             | fallen into similar hobbies - without regret. Maybe they
             | feel validated, or it relieves stress, or it's an escape
             | from a job they hate, etc. There are so many possibilities
             | in addition to commerce, attention, or profit.
             | 
             | I do agree that the HN "audience wants to feel smart, and
             | believes that they are "too smart to be marketed to"."
             | Those are the easiest people to persuade.
        
             | mvc wrote:
             | > each me something but make me feel like "Finally someone
             | who gets it" rather than challenged or threatened.
             | 
             | Ironically, AI has been making me feel like this lately.
             | But it taught me all of this (i.e. your exact point about
             | the psycological levers employed by people/organizations
             | who understand why stuff goes viral).
             | 
             | So is that real or am I just being successfully marketed
             | to, now by AI.
        
               | weitendorf wrote:
               | I guess my meta-point is that "marketing" shouldn't be
               | such a dirty word, because done well enough, it's
               | effective communication that gives people what they
               | want/helps them AND makes them feel good. My own comment
               | basically does the same thing I said he did, lol.
               | 
               | The point of calling it marketing is that this blog post
               | is explaining hooks, basic content marketing (ie be
               | entertaining or interesting), progressive disclosure, and
               | understanding your target audience: standard marketing
               | concepts. You can find a lot of info if you research them
               | by those terms.
               | 
               | Gwern's audience, in an ironic twist of fate, think that
               | being marketed to = being tricked or manipulated by an
               | evil person, so here he is explaining basic content
               | marketing concepts to the people his blog is marketed
               | towards, who hate marketing and believe themselves immune
               | to it.
               | 
               | AI does the same thing to you because 1. most of the web
               | is marketing 2. why shouldn't it be nice to you AND help
               | you? 3. you keep coming back for more, right? And is that
               | necessarily a bad thing?
               | 
               | I highly recommend a deep dive into signalling theory if
               | you're interested in learning more, it's completely
               | changed how I think about communication and behavior,
               | even my own.
        
               | mvc wrote:
               | Sure, when it's fronting a great product, I have no issue
               | with marketing. But it can be abused, which makes people
               | suspicious (but not invulnerable as we know).
               | 
               | Anyway, I am currently in "lean in and find out" mode
               | with AI :-)
               | 
               | Not quite at Gas Town yet but I've dropped a lot of
               | baggage and willing to take a hike to try and find it.
        
         | mcmoor wrote:
         | I feel the same. I found that blog from SSC/ACX and I still
         | much prefer SSC/ACX despite gwern discussing topics that are
         | much much more relevant to my interests (sw dev, Haskell,
         | anime). I can't formulate why but your analysis sounds close
         | enough.
        
           | flexagoon wrote:
           | ACX is honestly an incredible writer. I think it's a very
           | high bar to clear.
        
             | orthoxerox wrote:
             | Yes, Scott has a natural talent for writing (there's an
             | article where he explicitly says he isn't proud of his
             | prose because it just comes naturally to him, but is
             | immensely proud of getting a B in Calculus back in pre-med,
             | or something along these lines).
        
               | reducesuffering wrote:
               | Yep: https://slatestarcodex.com/2015/01/31/the-parable-
               | of-the-tal...
               | 
               | Another example of amazing writing (about amazing
               | writing)
        
         | trinsic2 wrote:
         | Besides the quote, which I think is a good practice, having
         | never read his stuff, he seems like he publishes his notes
         | directly from his note taking app.
         | 
         | That's fine if you want to publish ideas in short form, but I
         | don't think any of that is considered a piece of work that has
         | been fully fleshed out. I don't really see any stuff that's
         | designed to actually be a publication.
        
         | gizajob wrote:
         | It's a good quote from DFW but like all great useful pithy
         | quotations it's usually negated somehow by the activities of
         | the utterer elsewhere. It seemed almost granted that one of the
         | metaconcepts within Infinite Jest was that his ability to churn
         | out reams of that stuff was far in excess of your ability to
         | even read through it.
        
           | ofalkaed wrote:
           | Assuming the poster's recollection of the quote is correct,
           | there is nothing to be negated, coming to terms with
           | something does not mean you overcame it, No clue how close
           | that is to the actual quote but it sounds like Wallace's
           | phrasing.
        
             | tolerance wrote:
             | In conversation with Michael Silverblatt in 1996 (this is
             | from a machine generated transcript, I'll do my best to
             | clean up after it's attempts to parse DFW's stammering):
             | 
             | > ...I guess when I was in my twenties, like deep down
             | underneath all the bullshit, what I really believed was
             | that the point of fiction was to show that the writer was
             | really smart. And that sounds terrible to say. But I think
             | looking back, that's what was going on. And uh I don't
             | think I really understood what loneliness was when when I
             | was a young man and and now I've got a much less clear idea
             | of what the point of art is, but I think it's got something
             | to do with loneliness, and something to do with setting up
             | a conversation between human beings. And I know that when I
             | started this book I wanted to I--I had very--I had very
             | vague and not very ambitious ambitions. And one was I
             | wanted to do something really sad. I'd done comedy before.
             | I wanted to do something really sad. And I wanted to do
             | something about what was sad about America. And um I--
             | there's a--there's a fair amount of of weird and hard
             | technical stuff going on in this book, but I mean one
             | reason why I'm willing to go around and talk to people
             | about it and that I'm sorta proud of it in a way I haven't
             | been about earlier stuff is that I feel like I--Whatever's
             | hard in the book is in service of something that at least
             | for me is good and important. And it's embarrassing to talk
             | about because I think it sounds kind of cheesy. Um I--I--I
             | sort of think like all the way down kind of to my butthole
             | I was a different person coming up with this book than I
             | was about my earlier stuff. And I'm not saying my earlier
             | stuff was all crap, you know, but it's just it seems like I
             | think when you're very young and until you've sort of uh
             | you know, faced various darknesses, um it's very difficult
             | to understand how--how You're welcome to cut all this out
             | if this just sounds like, you know, a craft product or
             | something.
             | 
             | The part about writing having to "evince some kind of
             | innate investment to the reader that piques their genuine
             | interests and intrigue" is my own interpretation of what I
             | took from interviews between Wallace and Silverblatt on
             | KCRW between 1996 and 2006. Skimming through the entire
             | transcript I have (there's a 2+ hour compilation of all the
             | interviews on Youtube) this is probably a mixture of
             | remarks made in 1996 ( _Infinite Jest_ ) [1] and 1997 ( _A
             | Supposedly Fun Thing I'll Never Do Again_ ) [2]. I vaguely
             | remember a remark of his along the lines of the duty of a
             | writer to 'always let the reader know what the stakes are'.
             | Or something like that.
             | 
             | Another quote from the 1996 interview in attempt to support
             | my previous statements:
             | 
             | > [Fiction's] got a very weird and complicated job because
             | part of its job is to--is to--teach; Teach the reader,
             | communicate with the reader, establish some sort of
             | relationship with the reader where the reader is willing on
             | a neurological level to expend effort; to look hard enough
             | at the jellyfish to see that it's pretty. And--and that
             | stuff's in that kind of effort is very hard to talk about
             | and it's real scary because you can't be sure whether
             | you've done it or not. And it's what makes you sort of
             | clutch your heart when somebody says, I really like this...
             | 
             | My favorite one may be from the conversation they had in
             | 2000:
             | 
             | > I--I think--I--I--I think somewhere in the late eighties
             | or somewhere some at some point when that sort of
             | minimalist fiction began to pass from vogue It wasn't that
             | the class questions changed, it was that I think the class
             | questions disappeared. And--and questions that were issues
             | that were fundamentally about--about class and inclusion
             | became more for people like maybe my age a little younger,
             | questions of--of corporation, um corporations and consumers
             | and consuming models versus kind of alternative uh homemade
             | quote unquote non--non--corporate transactions. I don't
             | know if this makes any sort of sense. Where I--I know for
             | me a certain kind of smoothness, um, that you could th--
             | that you can identify with resolution, easily identified
             | kind of black and white um heroes and villains, um standard
             | standardly satisfying endings involving the gratification
             | of romance or, you know, epistemological problems. I
             | associate with corporate entertainment whose--whose agenda
             | is fundamentally financial, whose--some--some of and--some
             | of it's--some of it's quite good. Um but--but its
             | fundamental--its fundamental orientation is um there
             | --there's no--there's no warmth in it toward the reader or
             | no attempt to involve the reader or the audience in a kind
             | of relationship or interaction. It's a--it's a--it's a
             | transaction of a certain kind of gratification in exchange
             | for in exchange for money. [3]
             | 
             | [1] <https://www.kcrw.com/shows/bookworm/stories/david-
             | foster-wal...>
             | 
             | [2] <https://www.kcrw.com/shows/bookworm/stories/david-
             | foster-wal...>
             | 
             | [3] <https://www.kcrw.com/shows/bookworm/stories/david-
             | foster-wal...>
        
         | keiferski wrote:
         | Thanks for writing this, I've had similar feelings about a
         | variety of writers over the years.
         | 
         | My conclusion was just that some people write to signal their
         | intelligence to other people by including as many references
         | and complex ideas as possible, with basically zero attention
         | paid to the form of the writing itself. It is just a form of
         | information transfer, not a particular interest in the writing
         | art form.
         | 
         | And so if you're not interested in the topics they're talking
         | about, and you don't care about evaluating the writer's
         | intelligence, the whole thing just seems rambling and pompous.
         | 
         | I wish these writers would study essays that are praised for
         | their clarity and brevity. Or haiku, which is defined by its
         | brevity. Truly great writers IMO do not write 10 sentences when
         | one will do.
        
         | ashdksnndck wrote:
         | My feeling about Gwern is that I won the jackpot if he happens
         | to have written on a subject I want to know more about. His
         | writing is a wealth of information. It not always compelling if
         | I'm not already interested.
        
         | alexdobrenko wrote:
         | > Maciej Ceglowski
         | 
         | Where do you recommend one starts with his writing?
         | 
         | And who else do you love to read?
        
       | underdeserver wrote:
       | Probably should be marked (2025).
        
         | zahlman wrote:
         | It literally says 2026 in the URL. Perhaps it was written
         | before the new year and published now, but that doesn't seem
         | particularly relevant to the advice given anyway.
        
       | tpoacher wrote:
       | Counterpoint.
       | 
       | People our so tired of sensational intros and baiting questions
       | which bury the actual lede up to the point where you discover it
       | requires an annual subscription to find out the actual answer,
       | that now it's actually counterproductive to start with an
       | interesting "question".
       | 
       | It's facts first or gtfo. Prove to me that I'm not going to waste
       | my time until you deliver what you promised, by delivering enough
       | of that relevant background up front, otherwise I don't have time
       | for your shenanigans.
        
         | marginalia_nu wrote:
         | Starting with the point (a.k.a. the inverted pyramid) is
         | actually a pretty good way of finding readers that care[1]. I
         | fairly often often put the conclusion in the title, and must
         | have been on the HN front page over 20 times by now.
         | 
         | This is obviously not the _only_ way to construct an article
         | (nor the only one I employ), but it is surprisingly reliable,
         | and will attract and retain the readers who are actually
         | interested in what you have to say, while letting those that
         | aren 't interested find something else.
         | 
         | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverted_pyramid_(journalism)
        
           | wtetzner wrote:
           | > Starting with the point (a.k.a. the inverted pyramid) is
           | actually a pretty good way of finding readers that care[1].
           | 
           | I think this is an important distinction. I would argue that
           | it's better to make the point clear to find readers that
           | care, than to try to make all readers care.
        
       | Jap2-0 wrote:
       | Okay, because no one seems to be answering the Venice question:
       | 
       | - They had a strong navy (and shipbuilding capacity), making a
       | blockade difficult
       | 
       | - They traded with many nations, so no one group could cut off
       | their food supply
       | 
       | - Fish
       | 
       | - They had a near monopoly on the trade of salt and spices, the
       | former of which was important to everyone and the latter of which
       | was important to aristocrats
       | 
       | (note: I read a few sources but this is not thorough research)
        
         | eulgro wrote:
         | Thanks. Ironically, the article started off great with that but
         | clearly it wasn't going to answer the question, so I only read
         | the first paragraph.
        
         | Animats wrote:
         | Venice is the extreme "tail wagging the dog" situation. Venice
         | is dinky. It's not much bigger than San Francisco. Yet it was a
         | major European power for centuries.
        
           | BurningFrog wrote:
           | Venice was small by land mass, but controlled the Eastern
           | Mediterranean, and therefore the Black Sea endpoint of the
           | Silk Road, which was immensely profitable.
           | 
           | Consequently, Vasco da Gama rounding Africa in 1498 doomed
           | Venice as a great power.
           | 
           | (All from memory, 100% factuality not guaranteed)
        
         | mdnahas wrote:
         | It is a recurring phenomenon. Venice, Netherlands, and today
         | Singapore. Small countries without resources and, hence,
         | needing trade. They become open trading hubs and grow.
         | 
         | Sadly, countries with a single easy-to-harvest resource ---
         | like oil, gold, or gems ---- are more likely to become closed
         | dictatorships.
        
           | tetromino_ wrote:
           | > Netherlands
           | 
           | Medieval Netherlands had a single easy-to-harvest resource:
           | sea fish; a very valuable commodity for protein-starved
           | medieval peasantry. They were very lucky to be able pivot
           | from that to trade (the pivot required a war between
           | merchants and nobles, which the merchants won) before the
           | herring and cod started to run out.
        
       | yetihehe wrote:
       | And thus "question-bait" was born.
        
       | blauditore wrote:
       | I disagree with the stated examples and literally quit reading
       | there.
        
       | seydor wrote:
       | 10 reasons why clickbait is good for you:
       | 
       | 1)
        
       | fukukitaru wrote:
       | Chuunibyou-tier slop.
        
       | mvkel wrote:
       | This seems like a cheap trick to hook someone into a blog post
       | (ironically, Gwern seems to disregard this almost universally).
       | 
       | If I were reading a book and each chapter started with such a
       | "hook," it'd start to feel like a LinkedIn post.
       | 
       | Chapter 1: I didn't know what it felt like to be alive until I
       | was dead...
       | 
       | Chapter 2: Death was nothing compared to what came next:
       | judgment.
       | 
       | Chapter 3: I thought I knew what judgment was until...
        
         | jodrellblank wrote:
         | Chapter I: IN WHICH PHILEAS FOGG AND PASSEPARTOUT ACCEPT EACH
         | OTHER, THE ONE AS MASTER, THE OTHER AS MAN
         | 
         | Chapter II: IN WHICH PASSEPARTOUT IS CONVINCED THAT HE HAS AT
         | LAST FOUND HIS IDEAL
         | 
         | Chapter III: IN WHICH A CONVERSATION TAKES PLACE WHICH SEEMS
         | LIKELY TO COST PHILEAS FOGG DEAR
         | 
         | - https://www.online-literature.com/verne/aroundtheworld/
        
       | otikik wrote:
       | Careful with this advice. If you max it out you end up with
       | 
       | "You won't believe the weird trick that the city of Venice did to
       | feed itself"
        
         | julianeon wrote:
         | This article is just a slightly upscale version of the million
         | "YouTube hooks" videos you can find on, well, you know. Down to
         | the "create a gap" advice.
         | 
         | Once upon a time "one weird trick" was good advice too, before
         | it got ran into the ground.
        
       | firasd wrote:
       | I'm beginning to think that origin stories are an underrated way
       | to find these angles. Like why exactly did you start thinking
       | about this topic. I guess the recipe bloggers were on to this
       | with their long rambles about where they first tried this dish
       | (albeit it may have been for SEO too...)
        
       | danderedandolo wrote:
       | Know your audience is right, and Gwern misses the most
       | interesting thing about Venice- that it was a merchantile
       | Republic with reasonable independance from the Catholic Church.
       | Lots of the political ideas which influenced British and American
       | democracy came from the Italian city states. Ruskin's Stones of
       | Venice and Bowsma's "Venice and the defense of republican
       | liberty" capture this well, as do parts of Quentin Skinner's "The
       | Foundations of Modern Political Thought."
        
       | PeterWhittaker wrote:
       | Perhaps I am too much of a curmudgeon, but the example first
       | sentence made me not care at all - not about Venice, but about
       | the writer's approach, which seems to want to conjure breathless
       | mystery about something I could easily look up on Wikipedia (or
       | read in tl;dr comments in this thread).
       | 
       | It ISN'T Venice you need to make me care about, it's YOU! Why
       | should I spend any of my time on you?
       | 
       | A good first sentence should make me care about your perspective,
       | at least for non-fiction about subjects well-studied.
       | 
       | Fiction, obvs, differs. Scalzi's Old Man's War had such a great
       | first sentence I devoured the series.
        
       | dvrp wrote:
       | Care is the most important trait of people who make great things;
       | it's not money or time. Is not even skill.
       | 
       | I was interviewing a candidate yesterday and I noticed that a
       | project inside their personal website was not working. I told him
       | my opinion on care and he said that he hasn't had the time to
       | deploy it, since he's been working on it for 2 weeks already and
       | it was working on his local machine.
       | 
       | A few hours after the interview, the project was online.
       | 
       | The bitter pill of realizing the importance of care is that this
       | applies not just to literary works, like Gwern's case, but it
       | also applies to any creative endeavor: writing, music, drawing,
       | and yes, software engineering.
       | 
       | That CLI tool without a tutorial. That product with a confusing
       | sign-up flow. The purchase without a confirmation dialog such
       | that I don't feel I was just scammed.
       | 
       | It's all the same. Lack of care.
       | 
       | I've also noticed that when caring is there, skills follow.
        
       | atmosx wrote:
       | Adrian Wooldridge (the Economist) in "Aristocracy of Talent: How
       | Meritocracy Made the Modern World" argues, rather successfully
       | IMO, that what made Venice the maritime super-power was
       | meritocracy. Indeed, he argues, that the fall of the Venitian
       | empire came swiftly when the Doge was forced to place only
       | Venitians (birthright) to top positions, instead of the most
       | "capable". Hence the available talent pool shrunk.
       | 
       | The book makes for a fine read IMO:
       | https://www.amazon.com/Aristocracy-Talent-Meritocracy-Modern...
       | 
       | ps. this book came out as a response to Michael Sandell's "The
       | Tyranny of Merit: What's Become of the Common Good?" which was a
       | best seller at the time.
        
       | oytis wrote:
       | So how did Venice maintain its dominance?
        
       | imoreno wrote:
       | There's a spectrum of writing, corresponding to supply/demand or
       | push/pull. The article is giving advice for oversupplied writing,
       | where the audience doesn't really want to hear you, and you're
       | trying to badger it into reading it anyway - typically, for some
       | sort of personal gain (getting an interview, making a sale,
       | promoting a political cause). Yes, attention hacking is important
       | in this case.
       | 
       | There is also a writing where people are looking for the
       | information, and they are showing up at your door because they
       | already care. Presumably you wrote, because you saw the open
       | question, and want to try answering it. History books,
       | encyclopedias, classic literature by dead people, falls under
       | this. Ironically, so does the example of Venice - you would read
       | about Venice if you were already curious; there is little profit
       | in "making someone care" about Venice otherwise. An attention
       | grabby style would be forced and counterproductive in this.
        
       | deadbabe wrote:
       | I hate this. Basically it's saying use constant clickbait to keep
       | your reader reading.
       | 
       | Increasingly, readers don't have time for this shit. Be direct,
       | and if the reader doesn't care, they were never meant to be your
       | reader anyway. Someone _will_ care, write for them.
        
       | davidw wrote:
       | The actual story of how cod from Norway came to be a thing in the
       | Serenissima Repubblica di Venezia is pretty interesting:
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pietro_Querini
        
       | kazinator wrote:
       | Video edition:
       | 
       | 1. First, make me care.
       | 
       | 2. Then provide an indication (e.g. in the video description)
       | giving the time in the video where the question starts to be
       | answered.
       | 
       | If you make me somewhat care, but I have to binary search through
       | your video to skip the rambling, I'm likely to back button out.
        
         | NegativeK wrote:
         | First, make me care and tell me the answer. In 30 seconds.
         | 
         | Then expand on it in increasingly advanced levels of detail.
         | 
         | If your knowledge is high, I won't care about the video
         | production. If you're not getting to the point quickly, you're
         | manipulating the audience into getting views; education and
         | sharing knowledge isn't the main driver of your video.
         | 
         | But what I want is idealistic.
        
       | mmooss wrote:
       | Expanding Gwern's well made point, just a little, is that writing
       | of any length needs a thesis statement in the first paragraph or
       | so.
       | 
       | Thesis statements are not a new techniques, and these days they
       | are needed much more because there is so much to read. Many
       | articles don't state their thesis at all or not for a long time.
       | 
       | I don't have time to read that far to find out if it's worthwhile
       | to me. Unless you are Satoshi Nakamoto, I'm not going to read far
       | to find out.
        
       | nathan_compton wrote:
       | A good writer should be able to write a catchy hook.
       | 
       | A wise person should be able to read text that is flavored like
       | cardboard. In general, one thing I dislike about this moment, is
       | the incredible emphasis we place on the first five seconds of
       | everything because everyone is thinking about all the other
       | things we could be doing.
       | 
       | But many things are great because of how they feel 20 years
       | later. The first five seconds of playing a musical instrument is
       | horrible, but 20 years later and it is sublime. Emacs, Vim, are
       | both notoriously forbidding, and yet, they are wonderful tools.
       | Some things can be massaged to meet both criteria (I can imagine
       | some emacs configuration that made it less painful and surfaced
       | its true power in the first five seconds _maybe_ ), but other
       | things are hard by _nature_ and derive their value from how we
       | have to adapt to them instead of how well they are adapted to us.
       | I feel like the AI era is going to just accelerate this trend
       | where everything we interact with is a slick surface and many
       | people will never experience depth.
       | 
       | Read boring shit.
        
       | gizajob wrote:
       | I felt like the movie Marty Supreme completely failed to make me
       | care about the main character until the final act where the
       | filmmakers had to pull out all the big easy stops to force me to
       | care about him. A third of the way in to the movie I was
       | wondering if it was going to be explained at any point why I
       | should be interested in this guy or care about his difficult and
       | fairly unremarkable personality. A lot of the time it seems as if
       | creatives assume that if you're watching/reading/engaging with
       | their movie/book/artwork then you already care enough to care.
        
       | ziofill wrote:
       | This reminds me of what my PhD supervisor told me as he was
       | trashing my first draft of my first paper: "up until this point
       | in your life you've been trained to convince someone who knows
       | more than you that you know something by writing impressive
       | equations and complex concepts. Now _you_ are the expert and if
       | you do that nobody will read your papers. And if someone stops
       | after a few sentences you'll lose citations too."
        
         | bawis wrote:
         | What was your PhD thesis about ?
        
           | ziofill wrote:
           | I studied the entanglement formed during a quantum nonlinear
           | process
        
         | muzani wrote:
         | Similar experience with my bachelor's thesis after I presented
         | it.
         | 
         | Supervisor: "Great job with this."
         | 
         | Me: "The assessor didn't seem too impressed."
         | 
         | Supervisor: "You should have sold it better."
         | 
         | That was the point where I realized that all the technical
         | stuff doesn't really matter if nobody realizes how hard it was
         | or why they should care.
        
       | shalmanese wrote:
       | There is content you write for acquisition and content you write
       | for retention and my #1 tip for writers who want to engineer
       | growing an audience is be clear before you sit down to write a
       | piece which it's going to be.
       | 
       | Content for acquisition, the reader's relationship is to the
       | topic, they have to be convinced the topic is relevant to their
       | life goals but it's valuable despite who the topic.
       | 
       | Content for retention, the readers relationship is to you as the
       | writer and the topic is merely there as a MacGuffin to help
       | illuminate some aspect of you that is unique.
       | 
       | Business Insider had this down to a science over a decade ago.
       | They started a series called "So Expensive", detailing why
       | various things were expensive, the first 4 videos in the series
       | were: Caviar, Saffron, Rolexes and Horseshoe Crab Blood.
       | Statistically, some tens of millions of people have organically
       | had the thought of why the first 3 were expensive but zero people
       | have even wondered why horseshoe crab blood was expensive. The
       | 4th video was a way to test, of all the people who were willing
       | to click on the first three, how many were willing to follow
       | along to the 4th because of a trust in BI? The next 4 in the
       | series was Vanilla, Silk, Louboutins & Scorpion Venom.
       | 
       | Creating all content for acquisition is both too exhausting and
       | also sub optimal for the reader because they want deeper stuff to
       | follow as well. I suggest up to 1 in 3 acquisition articles if
       | you can manage when starting out but then ramping down to no more
       | than 1 in 10 fairly quickly or you burn out.
        
         | kqr wrote:
         | This mirrors reflections I've had recently as well. I have
         | been, for the most part, focusing on what you would call
         | "content for acquisition", i.e. easily relatable, somewhat
         | shallow, extensively researched articles that show off what I
         | can write at my best.
         | 
         | But in trying to aim for a regular cadence in the past year,
         | I've realised I cannot maintain that level across the board. So
         | I've started to write things that aren't as "good", in my
         | flawed subjective judgment. Yet surprisingly often those are
         | the things I get positive emails about, from readers who are
         | glad I took the time to put things into words.
         | 
         | I am trying to come to terms with the idea that some of my more
         | enthusiastic readers might really be happy to read even things
         | that aren't up to what I consider to be my standards. But it's
         | _deeply_ uncomfortable. Triggers my impostor syndrome like
         | little else.
        
           | shalmanese wrote:
           | Another common mistake I see "thoughtfluencer" bloggers make
           | is they think they need a brand new idea per post. This not
           | only isn't sustainable, it's bad for the audience.
           | 
           | Instead, I think a successful blog is really about finding
           | your, at most, 3 - 5 big ideas and instead showing the
           | audience how they apply in many different context. For
           | example, Matt Levine returns to a few commmon catchphrases
           | across years of his writing: "People are worried about bond
           | market liquidity", "Everything Is Securities Fraud" etc. that
           | crop up in odd and wonderful ways in totally new contexts
           | across years of writing. Forming a relationship with his
           | writing is deepening your appreciation of these concepts.
        
       | njarboe wrote:
       | "Venice built a maritime empire from a city that couldn't feed
       | itself; so who fed it--and why didn't its enemies simply starve
       | it out?"
       | 
       | I love ancient history and would read a good book about the
       | Venetian empire, but the sentence answers the final question.
       | Venice was a maritime empire (it's capital on an island), that's
       | why its enemies could not starve it out. All in on finding out
       | who fed it.
        
       | coolThingsFirst wrote:
       | What are those sun symbols after paragraph ends.
       | 
       | Always found them interesting.
        
         | clort wrote:
         | Well they are sun symbols. I guess if you are asking how are
         | they produced, they are embedded SVG in the CSS at
         | https://gwern.net/static/css/style.css
         | 
         | see for instance --GW-image-sun-verginasun-black-svg
        
       | DeathArrow wrote:
       | This is even more true for public speaking. Try to hook people
       | from the start.
        
       | teiferer wrote:
       | > We could easily have a 2026 LLM deliver high-quality editing
       | advice to fix this up extensively, but it would still be
       | mediocre.
       | 
       | This seems to suggest that a human needs to be in the creative
       | loop, but that could be short sighted. LLM training has humans in
       | the loop which optimize for not being bored. That's a reason for
       | LLM texts typically being recognizeable because at the current
       | stage they are a little too simplistically flashy. But give it a
       | few iterations and the machine will excel humans at catching
       | their attention, i.e., making them care.
       | 
       | As others wrote: Tiktok is already excellent at that. While the
       | content in there still has humans in the loop, the choice what to
       | show to whom and when is already entirely mechanical.
        
       | miki123211 wrote:
       | What I find extremely off-putting and overused is the pattern of
       | making you care about an article by saying something about the
       | person being interviewed, usually related to the interview
       | itself. Think "he was a balding man[...] drinking his matcha
       | latte[...]" It's always something which has zero bearing on the
       | situation in question.
       | 
       | Whenever I see this, I immediately turn to cmd-a + cmd-c +
       | `pbpaste | llm 'summarize this'`
        
       | aucisson_masque wrote:
       | That's basically what tv shows do every time. The pilot is
       | great/awesome then the 10 episodes are boring and the very last
       | one get exciting enough for you to wait the second season.
       | 
       | Best example: the walking dead season tv shows.
        
       | orleyhuxwell wrote:
       | For the last 30 years I've decided that the best stuff (most
       | engaging books, stories, experiences in life) require investment.
       | It gets worse (you go through some pain while exercising) before
       | it gets better. That's essentially a definition of a good life to
       | me - finding the things worth sacrificing resources and getting
       | the payoff.
       | 
       | So 'first make me care' to me is a manifest of Gen Z - tiktok -
       | brainrot approach. From my perspective you miss most of the
       | really good stuff by cultivating this approach. I.e. my favorite
       | books - Tai Pan, Noble House; tv series - Better Call Saul! -
       | require you to go through so much of initial boredom. It's also
       | the same discussion as 'learn to code vs only do AI Slop' or
       | 'learn math and algos vs only import functions from libs and
       | never check what's inside'.
       | 
       | *Exceptions apply, ofc. There are things that hook you and
       | progressively ad depth, but it's really rare. I.e. Arcane tv show
       | is both easy to access and quite deep.
       | 
       | Edit: ...so I can imagine math teacher that first tell you what
       | are some amazing uses of derivatives and integrals - PIDs, SGD,
       | better estimation, wave functions, generalized description of
       | problems, accessing interesting physics etc. And after that they
       | make you grind. I think it would be quite great. But it is so
       | rare, that you have to make a leap of faith and assume most of
       | the good stuff is boring initially.
        
       | d--b wrote:
       | The author is right, I care a lot more about the Venice thing
       | than reading the rest of the article.
        
       | raincole wrote:
       | Is this a good advice? Yes.
       | 
       | And what would happen if everyone followed it? Clickbait titles
       | like "the third one will surprise you" and TikTok.
        
       | wosined wrote:
       | Sorry, but I have to disagree. I don't like books that read like
       | adverts.
        
       | smeej wrote:
       | I found it really ironic that the author started with something
       | attention-grabbing about a topic completely unrelated to his
       | point, but then made a series of such mundane statements to begin
       | his own writing that _I_ didn 't care enough to go past _his_
       | first screen. He didn 't make me care about why I should make
       | people care.
        
       | MarkusWandel wrote:
       | So LLMs can't do that? Every LLM-written historical or pseoudo-
       | historical (i.e. made up) thing that comes up in my Facebook feed
       | does start with a "hook" like that. Doesn't make them great
       | articles but obviously you can prompt them to do it.
        
       | throwaway743 wrote:
       | Part of the hook is asking a question. It immediately gets people
       | investing in thinking of an answer
        
       | greenie_beans wrote:
       | read about what gordon lish has to say about opening a story:
       | https://www.tetmancallis.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/The-...
        
       | ziofill wrote:
       | I'm from Venice and it's heartwarming to see someone from a
       | different country/culture so into the history of Venice <3
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2026-01-26 23:01 UTC)