[HN Gopher] Doctors in Brazil using tilapia fish skin to treat b...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Doctors in Brazil using tilapia fish skin to treat burn victims
       (2017)
        
       Author : kaycebasques
       Score  : 258 points
       Date   : 2026-01-22 05:15 UTC (17 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.pbs.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.pbs.org)
        
       | sMarsIntruder wrote:
       | > In the US, animal-based skin substitutes require levels of
       | scrutiny from the Food and Drug Administration and animal rights
       | groups that can drive up costs, Lee said. Given the substantial
       | supply of donated human skin, tilapia skin is unlikely to arrive
       | at American hospitals anytime soon.
       | 
       | This reminds me of Milton Friedman's arguments against the FDA.
        
         | lukebitts wrote:
         | I wonder what's the difference between countries that drives
         | that. It's not like Brazil doesn't have its own FDA, which is
         | much more strict than the US one, from what I know. Maybe some
         | kind of lobbying? Or are animal rights group that much
         | stronger?
        
           | MattGaiser wrote:
           | I imagine it is about this:
           | 
           | > But Brazil lacks the human skin, pig skin, and artificial
           | alternatives that are widely available in the US.
           | 
           | This is not an improvement on existing methods (it may end up
           | being, but that is not the motivation) but rather a case of
           | it being all they have to work with.
           | 
           | Tilapia skin is probably better than no skin at all.
        
             | hu3 wrote:
             | > This is not an improvement on existing methods... a case
             | of it being all they have to work with.
             | 
             | But the article says Tilapia skin is better in multiple
             | aspects:
             | 
             | > "We got a great surprise when we saw that the amount of
             | collagen proteins, types 1 and 3, which are very important
             | for scarring, exist in large quantities in tilapia skin,
             | even more than in human skin and other skins," Maciel said.
             | "Another factor we discovered is that the amount of
             | tension, of resistance in tilapia skin is much greater than
             | in human skin. Also the amount of moisture."
        
               | dmurray wrote:
               | It says it's _different_ to human skin in multiple
               | aspects.
               | 
               | Do I need more collagen or more moisture in my skin? I
               | would expect evolution made some pretty good choices
               | around default human skin for typical human activities,
               | and if more moisture was obviously good, I would already
               | have it.
               | 
               | Maybe tilapia skin is better for people who spend 24
               | hours a day swimming in lakes.
        
               | hu3 wrote:
               | > It says it's different to human skin in multiple
               | aspects.
               | 
               | No it says "even more than in human skin and other
               | skins". Not different.
               | 
               | > Do I need more collagen or more moisture in my skin?
               | 
               | For this context? Yes? Clearly the article answers that
               | already. I even included in my first reply but you'll
               | have a third chance to read it:
               | 
               | > ...which are very important for scarring...
               | 
               | And your attempt to move the goal post fails miserably as
               | well. Or do you think humans evolved to perfection by
               | thinking this:
               | 
               | > I would expect evolution made some pretty good choices
               | around default human skin for typical human activities,
               | and if more moisture was obviously good, I would already
               | have it.
               | 
               | I don't think you are debating in good faith. Good luck.
        
           | skissane wrote:
           | I was having a conversation about this with my father-a
           | retired pharmaceutical industry executive-a few weeks back,
           | about why certain generic prescription medication
           | formulations were unavailable in Australia yet sold in New
           | Zealand. He explained to me that the Australian
           | pharmaceutical regulator (the TGA) and its New Zealand
           | equivalent (Medsafe) had very different regulatory
           | philosophies. Medsafe, if a major international regulator
           | (such as the US FDA or the EU's EMA) had already approved
           | something, they'll just approve it too ("if it is good enough
           | for them it is good enough for us"); the TGA's attitude was
           | very different, just because the FDA or EMA had approved it
           | didn't mean they automatically would, they wanted to analyse
           | the safety data for themselves and make up their own mind.
           | For blockbuster patented drugs, the extra regulatory cost of
           | Australia was worth it, but for the long tail of
           | miscellaneous generic formulations, the extra cost of dealing
           | with the TGA could make some of them financially nonviable.
        
             | tehjoker wrote:
             | Medsafe's strategy only works so long as there is at least
             | one stringent regulator though.
        
               | AuryGlenz wrote:
               | I would think for a country like Australia a more
               | moderate approach would be to approve things that were
               | approved by other countries and have been in use for some
               | amount of time - say, 5 years or so - apart from the
               | things they directly approve.
        
               | skissane wrote:
               | The actual drug my father and I were discussing was
               | clonidine.
               | 
               | In the UK and New Zealand, they sell 25 microgram
               | clonidine tablets; in Australia, the smallest dose on
               | sale is 100 micrograms.
               | 
               | Clonidine is a very old drug - it was released back in
               | the 1960s. The risks involved are very well understood
               | (arguably the biggest risk is fatal overdoses, but
               | patient/parent education is the accepted mitigation
               | strategy.)
               | 
               | The issue is, in Australia, it is only approved for
               | treating high blood pressure in adults. Paediatricians
               | and child psychiatrists commonly prescribe it for ADHD,
               | and for anxiety, aggression and insomnia (particularly
               | but not exclusively in the context of ASD); in adults, it
               | is prescribed to treat menopausal hot flushes and
               | migraines - but all those indications are off-label.
               | 
               | And this is the problem - given the doses involved, 25
               | microgram tablets only really make sense for those off-
               | label indications, there isn't much demand for them for
               | treating adult hypertension. So to get the TGA to approve
               | 25 microgram clonidine tablets, you need to prove to them
               | that clonidine is safe and effective for one of those
               | currently off-label indications. And that will cost a lot
               | of money, and given it is a generic medication long out
               | of patent protection, it isn't worthwhile. Whereas
               | Medsafe quite possibly just decided "the UK approved it
               | for X so we will too".
               | 
               | As a parent, both of whose children are prescribed
               | clonidine, this annoys me - cutting tablets in half is no
               | fun, and cutting them into quarters is even worse. Or I
               | can get them compounded into liquid by a compounding
               | pharmacist, which makes it easier to measure out smaller
               | doses (I always get 25 microgram/ml), but that adds
               | expense and time (the nearest compounding pharmacy is 15
               | minutes drive one way). I just wish I could get 25
               | microgram tablets, but they can't legally be sold in
               | Australia-possibly I could ask our child psychiatrist to
               | apply for special permission to import them from New
               | Zealand, but the amount of bureaucracy involved probably
               | isn't worth it, there's no guarantee the request would be
               | approved, and it would be expensive (it wouldn't be
               | covered by our national prescription drug insurance).
        
           | Qem wrote:
           | > It's not like Brazil doesn't have its own FDA, which is
           | much more strict than the US one, from what I know.
           | 
           | Unless we are talking about pesticides, where Brazil is
           | effectively dumping grounds for substances banned in EU.
           | Every time some pesticide is forbidden in Europe, brazilian
           | regulators are happy allowing local agribusiness import it by
           | the ton in fire sales:
           | https://www.brasildefato.com.br/2025/10/14/export-grade-
           | pois...
        
       | sammy_rulez wrote:
       | It's old news. There is even "And Dream of Sheep" -- Grey's
       | Anatomy, Season 15 Episode 17. That's the episode where they
       | mention using tilapia fish skin to treat burns. Original U.S. air
       | date: March 14, 2019.
        
         | petesergeant wrote:
         | And a 2017 Good Doctor episode
        
         | elemdos wrote:
         | Old news comes off dismissive. Doesn't have to be a brand new
         | discovery to be noteworthy.
        
         | elric wrote:
         | Doesn't make it any less interesting. And in spite of it not
         | being new, it doesn't look like it's out of the experimental
         | stage: the article mentions it's difficult to get the tilapia
         | skin processed and sterilized.
        
           | chipgap98 wrote:
           | The article is 9 years old so that may no longer be the case
        
         | sublinear wrote:
         | 2019? I'm surprised they kept it running for that long.
        
           | ZeWaka wrote:
           | It's still running - season 22 right now.
        
       | primaprashant wrote:
       | They used this exact treatment in an episode of The Good Doctor,
       | S01E06. Original air date: October 30, 2017
       | 
       | https://the-good-doctor.fandom.com/wiki/Not_Fake
        
         | theblackknight_ wrote:
         | I was thinking same, Jared saving that girls skin after burn.
        
         | zekrioca wrote:
         | Yes, but the treatment has been devised way prior to 2017.
        
         | ZeWaka wrote:
         | They also used it in Grey's Anatomy S15E17 (2019).
        
       | kiernanmcgowan wrote:
       | I've read Dune - I know exactly where this is going. Please do
       | not apply sand trout directly to you skin unless you are ready to
       | control the spice.
        
         | DHRicoF wrote:
         | The power to destroy a thing is the absolute control over it.
        
         | jyounker wrote:
         | The God Emperor of Brazil would be a brilliant satire. I look
         | forward to the new fish speakers.
        
       | 01100011 wrote:
       | I'm pretty sure they've done this for decades. I seem to remember
       | someone using potato skins like 30 years ago.
        
         | guessmyname wrote:
         | > _I 'm pretty sure they've done this for decades [...]_
         | 
         | Yes, the article you read is from 2017.
        
           | 01100011 wrote:
           | No, I'm saying I think it's even farther back than that. I
           | think the article from 2017 is like the article from today.
           | It's presenting something old as something novel.
        
       | vasco wrote:
       | This has been going for long enough that there's been several
       | metastudies debunking it. Was hyped in the news around 2017.
       | 
       | Fish skin or silver sulfadiazine had similar effects and to me
       | are both approximating placebo from the studies I read. The fish
       | does nothing for pain and no difference in the scarring time vs
       | the silver ointments.
        
         | trhway wrote:
         | fish skin (rich in collagen) sounds like a version of collagen
         | patch. And for collagen patch for example
         | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3081477/ where despite
         | the "Conclusion" the "Results" show that it helps (and one can
         | also expect that collagen patching is starting point to
         | engineering artificial skin) :
         | 
         | Results:
         | 
         | With two weeks of treatment, 60% of the 'collagen group' wounds
         | and only 42% of the 'conventional group' wounds were sterile
         | (P=0.03). Healthy granulation tissue appeared earlier over
         | collagen-dressed wounds than over conventionally treated wounds
         | (P=0.03). After eight weeks, 52 (87%) of 'collagen group'
         | wounds and 48 (80%) of 'conventional group' wounds were >75%
         | healed (P=0.21). Eight patients in the 'collagen group' and 12
         | in the 'conventional group' needed partial split-skin grafting
         | (P=0.04). Collagen-treated patients enjoyed early and more
         | subjective mobility.
         | 
         | Conclusion:
         | 
         | No significant better results in terms of completeness of
         | healing of burn and chronic wounds between collagen dressing
         | and conventional dressing were found. Collagen dressing,
         | however, may avoid the need of skin grafting, and provides
         | additional advantage of patients' compliance and comfort.
        
           | vasco wrote:
           | You made me go re-search for those meta studies and I can
           | only find a brazilian one which disputes the claims but I do
           | find a few showing benefits. I'm back to not knowing what to
           | believe in isolation, but with results also for plasters that
           | you shared I'm more leaning towards you being right. Thanks
           | for sharing.
        
         | tossaway0 wrote:
         | Totally anecdotal but I had a bad burn on my foot and I thought
         | I could manage it with otc stuff. It kept getting worse so I
         | went to have it checked out and was prescribed the silver
         | cream.
         | 
         | From one day to the next it started showing positive effects
         | and a week and a half later I was fine. I was kicking myself
         | for waiting so long.
        
       | fhe wrote:
       | I thought this a pretty mature technique? I have seen more than
       | once our local vet using this technique to treat cats with large
       | wounds -- with great results by the way. Interestingly, they too
       | used tilapia fish skin, and not any of the more common local fish
       | species. I wonder if there is something special about tilapia
       | fish skin, or it was simply the species on which the technique
       | was developed, and nobody bothered to try using other fish
       | species.
        
         | sublinear wrote:
         | What's special is that tilapia is probably cheaper than even
         | the local fish since it's farmed in massive quantities and
         | shipped all over the world as food.
         | 
         | If other fish skins were tried it must have been similar
         | results.
        
           | worthless-trash wrote:
           | Tilapia imports are heavily restricted to Australia, The live
           | fish will not be allowed, they are considered "restricted
           | noxious fish".
           | 
           | The rules are:
           | 
           | Illegal to Keep: You cannot keep tilapia (dead or alive),
           | sell them, give them away, or use them as bait.
           | 
           | Immediate Euthanasia: Humanely kill the fish as soon as you
           | catch it.
           | 
           | Disposal:
           | 
           | Bury: Bury them deep and well away from the water's edge to
           | prevent scavengers from dragging them back in or floodwaters
           | from releasing eggs.
           | 
           | Bin: Place them in a rubbish bin.
           | 
           | No Filleting: You cannot take fillets and dispose of the
           | rest; the entire fish must be destroyed.
           | 
           | Various state departments have hotlines for reporting
           | tilapia.
           | 
           | There are different hotlines per state:
           | 
           | Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries (DAF) (13
           | 25 23)
           | 
           | New South Wales Department of Primary Industries (DPI) (1800
           | 675 888)
           | 
           | Victoria (VFA) Reporting hotline (13FISH or 13 34 74)
           | 
           | Western Australia Dept. of Primary Industries & Regional
           | Development (1800 815 507)
           | 
           | I've had rewards for reporting them (fishing reel, free bait,
           | etc).
        
             | pwagland wrote:
             | For those that don't know why, and I didn't, the reason for
             | this is that Tilapia are "mouth brooders", that is they
             | keep the fertilised eggs in their mouth. So throwing away a
             | dead female can cause these eggs to hatch, and reinfect the
             | waters with new Tilapia.
        
             | som wrote:
             | Where I grew up (in northern Australia) a lot of people
             | targeted and ate tilapia out of local estuaries .. there
             | were a lot of them and they were big.
        
               | worthless-trash wrote:
               | Hello cousin (Daintree adjacent here).
        
             | MisterTea wrote:
             | I also hear you can dispose of them by placing them in a
             | pan with fresh pulverized tomato, garlic, olive oil, basil,
             | then a little lemon juice, oregano then finally, salt and
             | pepper to taste. Highly effective, efficient and delicious.
        
         | MeteorMarc wrote:
         | No need for antibiotics because the fish got ample amounts
         | while growing up in the farm.
        
         | guessmyname wrote:
         | > _I thought this a pretty mature technique? [...]_
         | 
         | Yes, it is very mature. The article was written in 2017.
        
         | interludead wrote:
         | It's probably a mix of "this species happens to be unusually
         | well-suited" and "this is the species people bothered to study
         | rigorously first."
        
         | jyounker wrote:
         | Tilapia are cheap and abundant, and the skin is an industrial-
         | scale waste product.
         | 
         | They're incredibly hardy, and unlike most other food fish you
         | can easily grow them in simple container setups.
        
           | deadbabe wrote:
           | Horrible to talk about a living creature this way.
        
             | mixmastamyk wrote:
             | "Fish are friends, not food"--Finding Nemo. ;-)
        
               | csours wrote:
               | "It's okay to eat fish
               | 
               | 'cause they don't have any feelings" - Something in the
               | way
               | 
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hg5behq8PlM
        
             | fsckboy wrote:
             | (i pick mackerel at random)
             | 
             | A female Atlantic mackerel typically lays between 200,000
             | and 450,000 eggs during a spawning season. However, larger,
             | healthier individuals can sometimes produce up to a million
             | eggs, often in multiple batches over several weeks.
             | 
             | it is the mackerel themselves who consider baby mackerel
             | lives to be industrial in scale. they produce that many in
             | anticipation of consumption. Each foodfish humans consume
             | has already slaughtered untold thousands of other fish to
             | grow themselves to size.
        
               | deadbabe wrote:
               | The thrive because all the fish who laid less eggs got
               | eaten out of extinction. They don't anticipate anything.
        
       | max_ wrote:
       | TLDR;
       | 
       | Its a fantastic substitute for bandages in the sense that you
       | don't need to take off the fish skin everyday.
       | 
       | Its also better are retaining moisture in the burn wounds than
       | cotton badages.
       | 
       | No need for antibiotics, painkillers etc
       | 
       | Its also really cheap. Fish farms regard them as waste.
        
         | account42 wrote:
         | > Fish farms regard them as waste.
         | 
         | I have only seen tilapia sold whole - the skin is one of the
         | best parts when you fry them.
        
           | subscribed wrote:
           | Same here. Not with just tilapia, but pretty much every fish.
        
         | conductr wrote:
         | I think any farmed animal is or should have no waste. Even if
         | it's turned into cat food the skin is most definitely not just
         | waste, there's uses out there. However, if it is as cheap and
         | readily available as cat food then that's great for burn
         | victims too.
        
         | AdmiralAsshat wrote:
         | How expensive is the sterilization process, though? That would
         | be my primary concern if tilapia-skin bandages started to get
         | widely available/mass-produced: that unscrupulous vendors would
         | cut corners during sterilization, and then the burn victims
         | would get nasty infections from remnant bacteria on the tilapia
         | skin.
        
           | Scoundreller wrote:
           | Dunno what method they use, but gamma irradiation is pretty
           | cheap at scale
        
       | throwaway290 wrote:
       | (2017)
        
       | poopster wrote:
       | i saw that episode of one-piece
        
       | sva_ wrote:
       | previously:
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=14385336
        
       | RobotToaster wrote:
       | Will never be approved by the US FDA since it can't be patented.
        
         | ZeWaka wrote:
         | Kerecis got FDA clearance in _2013_ , and then approval in
         | _2016_.
        
           | RobotToaster wrote:
           | That's made from cod, and it appears they chemically modified
           | it so that it can be patented
           | https://www.kerecis.com/kerecis-receives-u-s-patent-for-
           | fish...
        
         | groundzeros2015 wrote:
         | You mean because nobody will pay the cost to go through FDA
         | process without profit incentive?
        
       | MrDresden wrote:
       | There is an Icelandic company called Kerecis that produces these
       | kinds of fish skin based grafts. There are some videos of some of
       | their patient's before and after over at their webpage[0] but be
       | warned, they might be a bit graphic for some.
       | 
       | [0]: https://kerecis.com
        
         | ljf wrote:
         | Wow, those before and after videos really are amazing - while
         | my own scars are tiny, they aremore noticeable than some of
         | these fairly major wounds.
        
       | dgoldstein0 wrote:
       | This article is from 2017 - maybe should say so in the submission
       | title?
       | 
       | Still, an interesting read
        
         | dang wrote:
         | Added above. Thanks!
        
       | ycombinatrix wrote:
       | They did this in the Netflix One Piece series (with a yellowtail
       | though)
        
       | binsquare wrote:
       | In Chinese villages, I've seen them use fish skin, potato skin,
       | various leaves, cooked birds nest, fish fin oil, and etc to treat
       | open wounds instead of pure bandaging.
       | 
       | While it's not a new technique, it's fascinating for this area to
       | be further explored.
        
         | interludead wrote:
         | In a way this feels less like inventing something new and more
         | like rediscovering and formalizing old techniques with modern
         | safety constraints
        
           | screye wrote:
           | It's important in these cases to preserve the lineage of
           | where they came from.
           | 
           | There's a tendency to start calling them 'western medicine'
           | and crediting it to the person who formalized it in the west
           | rather than the source culture where it has existed for
           | centuries.
           | 
           | The conversation is bit 2010, but the point still stands.
        
       | interludead wrote:
       | The fact that tilapia skin was basically waste, yet turns out to
       | have higher collagen content, better tensile strength, and better
       | moisture retention than human skin is kind of remarkable
        
       | jenders wrote:
       | They do this in Iceland too
        
       | motbus3 wrote:
       | This is quite old news. I've heard about this more than 10 years
       | ago at least. It has been fairly successful since the beginning
       | and I've heard it improved quite a lot
        
       | gaptoothclan wrote:
       | great news for humans, bad news for fish
        
       | osmano807 wrote:
       | In my hospital we have ample experience with another technique
       | using polypropylene sheets for defect coverage, popularized in
       | Brazil orthopedics as "Figueiredo's technique", which is in
       | practice an extension of common techinques for temporary closure
       | of abdominal wall ("Bogota's bag").
       | 
       | We put a transparent polypropylene sheet as skin replacement,
       | suture it directly to the skin. We can monitor the wound and its
       | secretions, can cover exposed tendons and bones without immediate
       | doing microsurgical flaps. For example, we can monitor the second
       | intention skin closure with reduced infection and analgesics use,
       | sometimes without needing a graft at all.
        
         | DerArzt wrote:
         | Modern medicine is pretty metal.
        
         | yndoendo wrote:
         | I was informed by a pediatric doctor they also use honey
         | bandages for burns since it is a naturally antimicrobial and
         | assists with cooling the body.
        
       | dillydogg wrote:
       | I think one of the most interesting techniques for burn victims
       | is using placentas. I haven't seen it too much in my current
       | hospital system, but have seen it talked about at medical
       | association conferences and think it's pretty exciting.
       | 
       | Here is a gift link for an article about them in the New York
       | Times from about a year ago.
       | 
       | https://www.nytimes.com/2024/10/08/well/placenta-donations-b...
        
       | highhedgehog wrote:
       | My nephew had multiple heart surgery, and after the last one, he
       | kept having the wound release liquids. For months, they just
       | medicated the wound regularly hoping it would solve by itself. At
       | last, they decided for a cleaning surgery, and a pediatric
       | specialist came from Rome and apparently brought something like
       | "fish sheets" to "cover the wound while it heals.
        
       | kylehotchkiss wrote:
       | Is this a stem cell thing or a growth factor/morphogens thing?
        
       | modeless wrote:
       | I hope they verify that the recipients are not allergic to fish
       | first. Would be nice to get a synthetic version for that reason.
        
       | culi wrote:
       | tangentially related: before penicillin was formally discovered,
       | soldiers in WW1 would use moldy slices of bread to treat their
       | wounds (Penicillium being the most common bread mold). This or
       | similar practices of using mold on wounds seems to date back
       | thousands of years
        
       | nextaccountic wrote:
       | > Mar 3, 2017
       | 
       | Title needs (2017)
        
       | SilentM68 wrote:
       | Hmm, I remember seeing something like this mentioned in the show
       | The Good Doctor. I forget the episode, but it deals with a
       | patient who suffers severe burns in a bus crash and receives an
       | experimental treatment using fish skin to aid in healing and
       | minimize scarring. I never really felt comfortable with animal
       | tissue being grafted to human skin. I don't believe animal tissue
       | can be totally cleansed of contaminants. I'd rather feel more
       | confortable with synthetic skin grafting. The movie, Darkman
       | (1990) comes to mind.
        
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