[HN Gopher] East Germany balloon escape
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       East Germany balloon escape
        
       Author : robertvc
       Score  : 673 points
       Date   : 2026-01-16 17:16 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (en.wikipedia.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (en.wikipedia.org)
        
       | gnatman wrote:
       | The investment, planning, danger, and dogged persistence...
       | incredible story.
        
       | VelNZ wrote:
       | The Damn Interesting podcast (no affiliation, just a huge fan)
       | had an episode on this topic if you prefer to listen to this
       | story: https://www.damninteresting.com/up-in-the-air/
        
         | Isuckatcode wrote:
         | You beat me to it :D love the podcast. Too bad they stopped
         | uploading from a while ago. You got any suggestions of podcasts
         | in similar space? Nothing ever could scratch the itch like Damn
         | Interesting
        
           | gwbas1c wrote:
           | "Stuff you should know" and "Freakanomics"
        
         | Waterluvian wrote:
         | I felt so tense and anxious listening to that.
        
       | mkmk wrote:
       | The photo of the balloon here really helps put the story into
       | perspective.
       | 
       | https://web.archive.org/web/20190408181736/https://www.museu...
        
         | qwertox wrote:
         | The text in the link is nice to read. I did a Google Translate
         | on it which you can read here: https://pastebin.com/SdkKQkC6
        
         | neilv wrote:
         | > _"Are we here in the West??" Only this one question is asked
         | by Peter Strelzyk and Gunter Wetzel when they were in the early
         | morning of the 16th._
         | 
         | The "Handmaid's Tale" TV series has a great variation on that
         | moment, which chokes me up every single time.
         | 
         | (spoilers in video title)
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0oKZgXvpm0c
        
         | observationist wrote:
         | >Ballonfahrt in die Freiheit
         | 
         | Gotta love the way German sounds to English ears. Always good
         | for a chuckle.
         | 
         | This guy is a hacker hero - do the engineering needed, get the
         | proof of concept built, move fast, break things, start over and
         | go big, then scores a victory over the commies and saves his
         | family.
        
           | assaddayinh wrote:
           | The private mechanics and electrical hacking culture that is
           | the base for German engineering . Tuftler in jedem Schuppen..
        
           | asdfman123 wrote:
           | I enjoyed learning about the town of Bad Kissingen
        
           | lostlogin wrote:
           | Completely agree - although the shine has rather worn off the
           | 'move fast and break things' approach.
        
             | bboygravity wrote:
             | SpaceX is doing fine woth that approach?
        
               | lostlogin wrote:
               | Great example.
               | 
               | But when Musk took that approach to DOGE, chaos.
               | 
               | And some of the approach hasn't always gone well at Tesla
               | either.
               | 
               | https://www.irishtimes.com/world/us/2025/06/01/elon-musk-
               | wan...
               | 
               | https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2024/12/24/elon-
               | musk-...
        
               | K0balt wrote:
               | This is a great example, an object lesson in something
               | that is deeply misunderstood.
               | 
               | Running a company and running a government are
               | fundamentally disparate things to the point of one set of
               | skills being antithetical to the other, even though there
               | is overlap in orthogonal skillsets
               | 
               | A company operates to extract value from employees
               | (labor,automation,process, knowledge ) and concentrate
               | and deliver that value to a minority set of individuals.
               | Debts are costs to be paid. Cash surplus is power to act.
               | 
               | A government operates to -deliver- value to its
               | constituents through redistribution of resources towards
               | goals that are inherently cost centres. Debts are
               | confidence in future economic growth and are not really
               | ever paid in any real sense of the term, the monopoly
               | game set doesn't get richer or poorer when you move money
               | around or print more bills. It only gets richer or poorer
               | when you add or take away players, burn or draw in more
               | properties or utilities, or melt or 3d print more houses
               | and hotels. Cash surplus is useless and
               | counterproductive.
               | 
               | The idea that business leaders will be effective
               | political leaders is catastrophic. There is no more
               | hopeless place to live than a country operated as an
               | efficient and well planned business. At least in the
               | chaos of Mogadishu or Haiti you can find the fetid seeds
               | of opportunity to make something worthwhile, chaos
               | creates pockets of opportunity and ad-hoc fiefdoms. Chaos
               | is a ladder. A well oiled machine is a stifling factory
               | farm, but for people.
               | 
               | Obviously you don't want Mogadishu or Bechtel as your
               | governance model, but the sweet spot is closer to
               | Mogadishu, at least insofar as mandatory structures
               | determining your life trajectory goes. Mogadishu is
               | closer to a democracy than Bechtel. At least in Mogadishu
               | it's not a centralised power that threatens your life,
               | liberty, and pursuit of happiness, just your neighbours.
               | It's at least conceptually transcendable.
        
               | inglor_cz wrote:
               | Rapid prototyping works well in engineering, because you
               | can test for faults quickly.
               | 
               | But transferring engineering practices into politics -
               | which is not really new, "social engineering" has emerged
               | again and again since the Enlightement Era - is usually a
               | disaster.
               | 
               | In social contexts, people often cannot agree on what
               | even constitutes a "fault" and how to measure outcomes.
               | Individuals will adjust their behavior (unlike, say, a
               | valve in a rocket engine, which can't consciously decide
               | to sabotage the flight) and the systems tend to have long
               | feedback loops.
        
           | eru wrote:
           | You can only move so 'fast and break things', when failure
           | can land you and your family in jail or get you killed.
           | 
           | That being said, the timeline is remarkably short for such a
           | hardware project.
        
             | danesparza wrote:
             | They originally wanted to make a helicopter. (Not kidding)
        
           | hasanabi wrote:
           | "hacker hero" - choke on your own words Spacko, don't spin
           | the story!
        
         | nephihaha wrote:
         | I keep on thinking it was a lot smaller! Wow!
        
       | tobyhinloopen wrote:
       | Poor family members though
        
         | honzabe wrote:
         | I recently read a book of interviews with people who escaped
         | from North Korea, and what shocked me was the discovery that
         | the relatives of those who escaped are often executed
         | (publicly) and that even children are executed in North Korea.
         | We live in a terrible world. I mean... you expect a book from
         | North Korea to contain terrible things, but somehow it was even
         | worse than I expected.
        
           | qcnguy wrote:
           | Left wing thought doesn't contain any philosophy of
           | limitations on state power, so under a left wing regime there
           | is no limit to what it might do. No matter how terrible
           | something is, if it can be imagined they will consider
           | implementing it. To avoid that outcome there has to be an
           | understanding of the flawed nature of government, and from
           | that an ideological commitment to a state limited in power
           | and role.
        
             | olelele wrote:
             | So everyone not a libertarian is dangerous?
        
               | qcnguy wrote:
               | Only if they get into power? I mean what's your reading
               | of the last few centuries of history?
        
             | immibis wrote:
             | > Everything I don't like is left wing.
        
               | qcnguy wrote:
               | We're talking about North Korea executing children
               | because their family members escaped. Doesn't get more
               | left wing than North Korea. Not a good look to deploy a
               | stock reply without thinking.
        
               | blahaj wrote:
               | North Korea is an extremely class based society. About as
               | far away from left as it gets.
        
               | immibis wrote:
               | I'm not sure you understand the situation here.
               | _Everything_ I don 't like is left-wing.
        
       | nrjames wrote:
       | Disney made a movie about this called Night Crossing in the early
       | 1980s. More recently, there's a 2018 German movie about it called
       | Balloon.
       | 
       | [0] https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0082810/
       | 
       | [1] https://www.imdb.com/title/tt7125774
        
         | lukeweston1234 wrote:
         | The 2018 film is a really good movie, I would highly recommend
         | checking it out!
        
           | tgsovlerkhgsel wrote:
           | +1 to this! I wonder if some of the horror in it (the
           | constant threat of the Stasi and its implications) translates
           | well to non-German audiences. In case you're wondering about
           | Germany's strict privacy laws - this is part of why they
           | exist.
        
             | elzbardico wrote:
             | Probably this is an also big component in the notorious
             | German preference for cash over cards.
        
               | immibis wrote:
               | That was caused by interchange fees, and it has
               | disappeared now.
        
               | dgxyz wrote:
               | It's still a thing in some areas from direct experience
               | recently. Hell it's still a thing with former East
               | Germans I know in the UK. And it's not about interchange
               | fees - it's about purchase surveillance.
               | 
               | My ex partner wouldn't even allow location services on
               | her phone to put exif data in photos.
        
               | petre wrote:
               | > wouldn't even allow location services on her phone to
               | put exif data in photos
               | 
               | This should be standard practice, I do it as well. Not
               | East German but East European. We had our own Stasi that
               | would terrorize youths for listening to Western music of
               | Radio Free Europe.
        
               | dgxyz wrote:
               | Yeah everyone suffered that side of things for sure. I'd
               | rather have location recorded but not leaked out to
               | whoever sold me the phone personally. I don't sync any
               | files to the cloud already.
        
               | elzbardico wrote:
               | Are you german? Most of my german friends tell me it is
               | because after the experiences of nazism and comunism (in
               | the GDR), most germans value their privacy a lot.
        
             | assaddayinh wrote:
             | The havoc that finding out your family and friends spied on
             | you for benefits, can not be overstated. How deeply anti
             | social and lonely such a divided and conquered socialist
             | utopian society is can not be expressed in words, and yet
             | it can.
             | 
             | https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundesbeauftragter_f%C3%BCr_d
             | i...
        
               | 0928374082 wrote:
               | Nowadays we don't even need family and friends to spy on
               | you for benefits; websites and apps do it for advertising
               | revenue.
        
               | mitthrowaway2 wrote:
               | I wonder if future generations will wonder why being
               | spied on and monitored was even noteworthy, let alone a
               | cause for concern.
        
             | ekianjo wrote:
             | > Germany's strict privacy laws
             | 
             | Not anymore.
        
               | wolvoleo wrote:
               | No, on the contrary. Germany is a big proponent of
               | chatcontrol.
        
               | vlowrian wrote:
               | These are two very different things. Significant parts of
               | the German government and many German members of the
               | European Parliament are proponents of Chat Control. The
               | general population, however, still has a strong desire
               | for privacy and a deep fear of surveillance and data
               | collection, shaped by historical experiences with two
               | dictatorships (the Nazi era and the GDR).
               | 
               | That said, there is a substantial disconnect between the
               | substantive preferences of the voting population and the
               | actual policies and decisions of the parties they elect.
               | This is partly because promises like "internal security"
               | gain much more traction in times of growing uncertainty
               | and global instability, while only a relatively small
               | portion of the population fully thinks through, or is
               | willing to think through, the consequences and concrete
               | legislative changes behind those promises.
               | 
               | Nevertheless, looking at both public attitudes and court
               | rulings, it is still fair to say that data protection in
               | Germany, even compared to other EU countries, currently
               | enjoys a particularly high status.
        
               | qcnguy wrote:
               | In practice the average German voter is still supporting
               | the coalition against the AfD despite that the coalition
               | is implementing Soviet-like policies. They talk
               | constantly about banning the most popular political
               | party, for example, and they regularly imprison or fine
               | people for anti-left political opinions. Germans who
               | aren't actively supporting the AfD should feel no sense
               | of moral superiority, there simply isn't anything in the
               | historical context to feel proud of there.
        
               | vlowrian wrote:
               | > and they regularly imprison or fine people for anti-
               | left political opinions
               | 
               | Do you have any sources to substantiate this claim? In
               | particular, including under which law a prison sentence
               | or fine was imposed for the expression of a
               | constitutionally protected political opinion.
        
               | qcnguy wrote:
               | Nice try. The German constitution is a poor document and
               | doesn't protect political opinion, so your
               | "constitutionally protected" political opinion caveat
               | just makes it useless. You'd just defend every example
               | with "our constitution allows that" rather than
               | recognizing that it just means the constitution itself is
               | wrong.
               | 
               | Example: the American author CJ Hopkins has been
               | repeatedly prosecuted in Berlin despite being acquitted
               | the first time, because in Germany there's apparently no
               | constitutional prohibition against double jeopardy. His
               | "crime" was criticizing COVID authoritarianism. You're
               | now going to tell me why the German constitution allows
               | this, and incorrectly use that as a moral justification.
        
               | vlowrian wrote:
               | Any source showing people being imprisoned or fined
               | merely for expressing an anti-left opinion then? Which
               | specific law were they convicted under?
               | 
               | The claim that Germany has "no constitutional protection
               | against double jeopardy" is false. Art. 103(3) of the
               | constitution embodies ne bis in idem. The German criminal
               | procedure allows legal remedies (appeals), including
               | Revision (appeal on points of law), which can be brought
               | by both parties before a judgment becomes final. That's
               | what happened in this case.
               | 
               | In the CJ Hopkins case, the issue was not "criticizing
               | COVID authoritarianism" as such, but the use of a banned
               | symbol under 86a StGB. One can freely say "the government
               | acted authoritarian during COVID"; that kind of political
               | criticism is protected speech under Art. 5 GG.
               | 
               | > and incorrectly use that as a moral justification.
               | 
               | I'm not interested in moral justifications. Morality is a
               | matter of opinion, and you're entitled to yours just as I
               | am to mine. The same applies to your view of the German
               | constitution.
               | 
               | However, backing up claims about concrete cases with
               | sources helps me (and others) understand which cases
               | you're referring to and whether they actually support
               | your argument in a way that lets me learn something new
               | (preferably) or whether we'll simply end up acknowledging
               | that we have different opinions on the matter ;)
        
           | dkga wrote:
           | +1, really well-done movie!
        
           | mndgs wrote:
           | +2, very nice movie. Might be very eye-opening for any some
           | about what it was like under USSR umbrella...
        
           | omnibrain wrote:
           | It's interesting that this is a serious movie by the director
           | Michael 'Bully' Herbig, who is generally known for bad taste
           | comedies, full of clichees about race and sexuality.
        
         | foota wrote:
         | I watched Night Crossing in my german class in high school. I
         | remember it being intense.
        
           | wolvoleo wrote:
           | For the 80s it was intense yes. Watching it now that same
           | tension feels milder but I guess that's because every single
           | TV show now has to have constant explosions, car crashes etc
           | in it.
           | 
           | There is actually gunfire in it and a teenager dies in the
           | beginning but it still feels less intense due to the 80s pace
           | IMO.
        
         | wolvoleo wrote:
         | Great movie yes! The 1980s one, I have not seen the new one.
        
       | jasonwatkinspdx wrote:
       | My elementary school showed the Disney movie about this at least
       | once a year.
        
         | neilv wrote:
         | That movie was also all over the Disney Channel when I was a
         | kid. Many other movies have related messages.
         | 
         | And much of the public library books were a couple generations
         | old, plus there was the Cold War, which meant lots of exposure
         | to anti-fascism messages, and to anti-Soviet-like messages.
         | 
         | So, today, people of a certain age, who paid attention in
         | school, have been programmed that the secret police saying,
         | "Your papers, please" and sending people off to concentration
         | camps, are obviously the very bad guys, and America is the good
         | guys who don't do that. People with that upbringing would see
         | certain textbook political maneuvers and tactics coming from a
         | mile away, and be concerned.
         | 
         | To counteract that IMHO great programming, you'd need something
         | extreme, like Rupert Murdoch and others pounding large swaths
         | of the electorate with propaganda for decades -- to get them to
         | support some politicians that are stereotypes we were told for
         | decades before are outright evil.
        
           | TimTheTinker wrote:
           | I think a lot of that programming and political action was
           | because at the time there was genuine fear of communism
           | taking over in the US and other western nations (like it
           | already had in Eastern Europe).
        
             | neilv wrote:
             | Yes, IIUC, that was one of the things that mobilized a lot
             | of IMHO positive education/propaganda.
             | 
             | It may not have always been for the most noble of reasons
             | (e.g., a very wealthy person not wanting to be disrupted),
             | but the fascism-is-bad messages are still great messages.
             | 
             | For example, "Don't Be a Sucker" (long, but worth a watch
             | sometime for anyone who hasn't seen it):
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vGAqYNFQdZ4
        
               | TimTheTinker wrote:
               | I think people do tend to forget the meanings of the
               | important words over time though. For example:
               | 
               | Democracy = elect whoever the people actually want to
               | elect, even if you don't like their choice. (Some people
               | reapply that definition to the word "populism". No, it's
               | real democracy to elect the people's choice.)
               | 
               | Censorship = intentionally suppress certain ideas and
               | messages
               | 
               | Propaganda = choosing what to publish (or even publishing
               | lies) to intentionally create or support a particular
               | worldview or narrative, especially one that favors
               | certain political people or groups (as opposed to simply
               | publishing truth to keep those in power accountable)
               | 
               | Fascism = the state tells you what to do, not the other
               | way around
               | 
               | Liberty = the people choose what to say and do with their
               | own lives, without interference by the state (besides
               | enforcement of laws written by democratically elected
               | legislators)
               | 
               | Justice = everyone is equally accountable to the law
               | regardless of who they are. This especially includes
               | legislators and rich/powerful people.
        
               | defrost wrote:
               | > Democracy = elect whoever the people actually want to
               | elect, even if you don't like their choice.
               | 
               | That rather rules out what happens in, say, the USofA,
               | where entrenched party politics limits the choice of the
               | wider population to those few candidates that are backed.
               | 
               | > Some people reapply that definition to the word
               | "populism". No, it's real democracy to elect the people's
               | choice.
               | 
               | Populism isn't democracy, democracy isn't populism; it's
               | generally used to describe a cynical political strategy
               | of appeal to the broadest, lowest common denominator
               | instincts, to gain support from a base who at best get
               | little more than lip service toward addressing their real
               | needs. Frequently associated with strawmen and
               | strawissues as a focus of common manufacted enemy, etc.
        
               | TimTheTinker wrote:
               | Agreed on all points. The USofA is very far from true
               | democracy. For starters, the NGO networks and a lot of
               | unelected bureaucracy are the real government authority
               | by quite a margin -- all of whom are directly opposed to
               | and working against the US Constitution.
        
               | defrost wrote:
               | > NGO networks and a lot of unelected bureaucracy are the
               | real government authority by quite a margin
               | 
               | In a well structured government for the people by the
               | people such groups are as _essential_ as military, as law
               | enforcement, as health professionals, etc.
               | 
               |  _Politicians_ debate policy and advocate on behalf of
               | representatives.
               | 
               | Unelected civil servants put policy into _practice_ and
               | need to be immune from the cycle of elected officials,
               | just as the military needs to be.
               | 
               | All these groups, military, judges, civil service need to
               | be held to high standards and subject to scrutiny with
               | respect to professional conduct.
               | 
               | The USofA looks a bit off to outsiders in many respects,
               | not simply tipping. So many elected positions that aren't
               | merit based and seemingly immune to standards and
               | termination for misconduct.
        
               | lostlogin wrote:
               | > > Democracy = elect whoever the people actually want to
               | elect, even if you don't like their choice. That rather
               | rules out what happens in, say, the USofA, where
               | entrenched party politics limits the choice of the wider
               | population to those few candidates that are backed.
               | 
               | It's also weird in that the candidate with the most votes
               | might not win. The electoral system is weird.
        
               | defrost wrote:
               | Sure .. but 'less' so.
               | 
               | In the EU, European Union, member countries are voting on
               | EU positions .. whether it's weighted or unweighted, it's
               | a collection of N countries voting, not a collection of N
               | millions of people voting.
               | 
               | Similarly in the USofA, formed as a union of states to
               | have a common government for those things that are agreed
               | to superseded individual state interests.
               | 
               | I live in a country with mandatory voting - _everybody_
               | (of age, save for those convicted of _serious_ crime)
               | votes, and ranked proportional voting.
               | 
               | Compulsory voting offends the sensibilities of a number
               | of USofA citizens, but there is a strong case to be made
               | for it, ranked voting does a lot to avoid two party
               | Hotelling's law quagmires where major parties barely
               | represent anybody and yet MySportingTeam divisions
               | dominate.
        
               | fc417fc802 wrote:
               | That's not weird at all. Democracy as the word is
               | commonly used does not require direct popular vote, let
               | alone at the highest tier of government. Every
               | "democratic" country I'm aware of uses a more complicated
               | scheme.
               | 
               | Then you've got the part where the US was never billed as
               | a "democracy" to begin with but rather a "democratic
               | republic".
               | 
               | What's weird to me is how quickly a group with an
               | advantage will attempt to discard compromises and other
               | agreements once they have what they wanted.
        
           | neilv wrote:
           | Downvoters: The story is about the terrible politics, and
           | should be a cautionary tale that's immediately very relevant.
           | Unless you were only interested in the ballooning "maker"
           | angle?
        
       | stackghost wrote:
       | >The family members included:
       | 
       | > Peter Strelzyk, aged 37
       | 
       | > Doris Strelzyk
       | 
       | > Frank Strelzyk, aged 15
       | 
       | > Andreas Strelzyk, aged 11
       | 
       | > Gunter Wetzel, aged 24
       | 
       | > Petra Wetzel
       | 
       | > Peter Wetzel, aged 5
       | 
       | > Andreas Wetzel, aged 2
       | 
       | Was/is it common practice to omit the ages of adult women in
       | Germany?
        
         | lukan wrote:
         | Not as of my knowledge. Coincidence I suppose, or desire by
         | them to keep it private.
        
         | honzabe wrote:
         | > Was/is it common practice to omit the ages of adult women in
         | Germany?
         | 
         | A gentleman does not ask a lady's age.
        
       | thenaturalist wrote:
       | > East Germany immediately increased border security, closed all
       | small airports close to the border, and ordered the planes kept
       | farther inland.[6] Propane gas tanks became registered products,
       | and large quantities of fabric suitable for balloon construction
       | could no longer be purchased. Mail from East Germany to the two
       | escaped families was prohibited.[12]
       | 
       | > Erich Strelzyk learned of his brother's escape on the ZDF news
       | and was arrested in his Potsdam apartment three hours after the
       | landing. The arrest of family members was standard procedure to
       | deter others from attempting escape. He was charged with "aiding
       | and abetting escape", as were Strelzyk's sister Maria and her
       | husband, who were sentenced to 21/2 years. The three were
       | eventually released with the help of Amnesty International.
       | 
       | People - here in Germany as well as abroad - forget too easily
       | what a sinister but also ridiculous state the GDR was.
       | 
       | Authoritarians everywhere belong on the dustpile of history.
        
         | martin-t wrote:
         | Dustpile of history, sure, but gallows first. Bleeding out on
         | the pavement is also acceptable.
         | 
         | Way too often, connected ("powerful") people manage to escape
         | proper punishment, sometimes in the name of a "peaceful
         | transition of power".
        
           | lukan wrote:
           | Hm. I am not sure if a lynchmob and more blood would have
           | helped the transition. The main important thing to the people
           | was, that the wall was down and Stasi (secret police) out of
           | power.
           | 
           | There has been prison time and the careers of anyone
           | important connected to the Stasi ended.
        
             | tialaramex wrote:
             | It's a hard one. I can tell you something which _doesn 't_
             | work because the Americans have tried it twice so far. It
             | won't work to say "Well, that was naughty, please don't do
             | it again".
             | 
             | That silliness is how you get Jim Crow, it's how you got
             | Trump 2.0
             | 
             | In a civilized country I can believe jail time would be
             | good enough, but the US still uses capital punishment, so
             | seems to me that if you want to be taken seriously some of
             | those responsible have to be executed
             | 
             | In practice I remain doubtful that such an orderly transfer
             | is likely. If there's chaos, for even a few days, that's
             | how you get France's "Wild Purge" in the period when German
             | withdrawal and Allied liberation are happening one town at
             | a time. The accused are punished, sometimes even executed,
             | without anything resembling due process.
        
               | martin-t wrote:
               | > The accused are punished, sometimes even executed,
               | without anything resembling due process.
               | 
               | I also don't like this but I wonder, if this is because
               | the choice is between a) full punishment with less
               | certainty of guilt now b) lenient or no punishment with
               | high certainty of built later.
               | 
               | The ideal would be to hold those people until they can be
               | tried and punished in an orderly fashion. And in
               | principle all you need for this is enough food to keep
               | them alive, though in such situations, even that might be
               | a luxury.
        
             | martin-t wrote:
             | I didn't say a lynchmob, why do people always assume a bad
             | implementation?
             | 
             | Obviously, if you intend to abduct ("imprison") or kill
             | ("execute") somebody as punishment, then you should have
             | very high certainty they deserve that punishment. One of
             | the methods of achieving that is giving them a chance to
             | defend themselves ("court process").
             | 
             | I don't see any difference between individuals and
             | monopolies on violence ("states") doing this, as long as
             | they both have sufficient levels of certainty.
        
               | potato3732842 wrote:
               | >I don't see any difference between individuals and
               | monopolies on violence ("states") doing this, as long as
               | they both have sufficient levels of certainty.
               | 
               | This peasant is faulty. He's not indoctrinated enough.
               | Someone nab him and send him for reeducation. /s
        
               | lukan wrote:
               | "I didn't say a lynchmob, why do people always assume a
               | bad implementation?"
               | 
               | Maybe because of your language?
               | 
               | "Bleeding out on the pavement is also acceptable."
        
               | martin-t wrote:
               | Because the optimum is a public process which proves
               | their guilt beyond reasonable doubt so that every good
               | person supports their punishment and has the confidence
               | (certainty of guilt) to support it publicly.
               | 
               | But if the choice is between no punishment and somebody
               | gunning them down in the street or droning them, i prefer
               | the latter.
               | 
               | Court processes are useful when guilt is uncertain at
               | first look and you want to increase certainty. But
               | dictators and their close supporters, the certainty is
               | often sufficient by nature of many their actions being
               | public. Sometimes they literally go on TV and declare
               | they're going to a foreign country to kill their people
               | and take their land. At that point, it only becomes a
               | matter of making sure you have the right person.
               | 
               | And don't forget the victims. Many authoritarian regimes
               | don't kill opposition outright (for various reasons) but
               | imprison them instead. Such a victim knows many of the
               | people (cops, judges, informants, etc.) responsible for /
               | guilty of falsely imprisoning them. After a regime
               | change, the victims go free and have often more knowledge
               | of the offenses than can be proven to a court by the
               | simply virtue of being there and therefore have more than
               | enough confidence to deliver a just punishment.
        
             | potato3732842 wrote:
             | You need "a little bit" of politician/judge/enforcer
             | lynching to keep the government in line the same way they
             | make a big show of "a little bit" of kicking in people's
             | doors at 4am to keep the peasants in line.
        
           | thomassmith65 wrote:
           | A _peaceful transition of power_ is nothing to sneer at.
           | After a revolutionary change, they are rare.
        
             | martin-t wrote:
             | 1) Not sneering at it but everything has a cost. If
             | authoritarians get the impression that all their past
             | offenses will be forgiven if they hold everyone hostage and
             | negotiate well, then there's no risk for them. And it's
             | disrespectful to the victims.
             | 
             | There should be things you don't come back from.
             | 
             | For example, if you imprison people for political reasons,
             | the time they spent in prison should be added up,
             | multiplied by a punitive constant (2-3) and given to the
             | offenders. And if that is a just punishment (I believe it
             | it), then not doing that to them is unjust. Simple as that.
             | 
             | 2) We should be looking for ways how to have both a
             | peaceful transition and just punishment for the offenders.
             | 
             | Look at Unit 731 as an example (
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_731 ).
             | 
             | The people most responsible got away for free by skillful
             | negotiation (immunity in exchange for data).
             | 
             | Instead, the proposition should have been a) you give us
             | the data and graciously accept your death penalty b) we
             | repeat the experiments on you, nonlethal first. That's
             | harsh and will make many people today recoil (because
             | they've been indoctrinated into a 1-step moral system which
             | seems to correlate with stability but injustice), but it's
             | fair and just. They think those experiments were OK to
             | perform on innocent people, so they are very much OK to
             | perform on them (guilty people) _by their own logic_.
        
             | Roark66 wrote:
             | Yes, here in Poland 36 years later people still seriously
             | argue the country would be much better if we hanged the
             | communists off lampposts (like it was done in few other
             | places).
             | 
             | There ws a great cost to a "peaceful transition". The
             | entire judiciary was basically full of extremely corrupt
             | people, half of the political class. Even today when the
             | old judges are almost all gone the horrible culture they
             | had still corrupts many younger ones (although today it is
             | more towards incompetence and indifference rather than
             | corruption).
             | 
             | Would it be better to have half a million (or possibly
             | entire million if you count inevitable victims on the other
             | side) die to avoid it? We are still paying the price.
             | 
             | There is an argument that had we sorted the communist
             | problem successfully back then we wouldn't have politicians
             | later that let themselves be corrupted by Putin into
             | funding his army. And perhaps there would never be an
             | invasion of Ukraine.
             | 
             | Or if we done away with the peaceful transition, the
             | communists in other neighbouring countries would attempt to
             | hold on to power with everything they got. Who knows.
        
               | thomassmith65 wrote:
               | _" Should we have put 500,000 people to death?"_ sounds
               | like pub conversation, to be frank. There are plenty of
               | options between _' no repercussions for the old regime'_
               | and Rwanda.
        
         | nephihaha wrote:
         | The GDR seems to be forgotten/misunderstood by many people.
         | Which is a pity because it serves a warning about mass public
         | surveillance plans that keep rearing their ugly head, even in
         | Germany.
        
           | tim333 wrote:
           | People go on about surveillance but it's not really the
           | problem compared to murderous dictatorships.
        
             | nephihaha wrote:
             | Murderous dictatorships are enabled by mass surveillance
             | and personal data collection. Especially East Germany,
             | which was obsessed with data harvesting on every individual
             | and installed as many CCTV cameras as its budget and tech
             | would allow. East Germany would be creaming itself over the
             | panopticon we are walking into.
        
               | tim333 wrote:
               | Yeah but there's lots of surveillance like stuff that
               | goes on without turning into murderous dictatorships. In
               | England where I live we have cctv all over the place and
               | on the internet Google knows most of my stuff but neither
               | really worry me - we haven't really had a dictatorship
               | setup since 1215 or so.
        
               | nephihaha wrote:
               | 1215? Try Cromwell, or numerous dubious monarchs. The
               | Tudors murdered 10% of the English population, I believe.
               | Other monarchs have usurped the throne and most people
               | never had the vote until Victorian times and after. Then
               | you have the beginnings of an attempted coup against
               | Harold Wilson and Blair using the so called Criminal
               | Justice Bills to force things through. Lockdown
               | demonstrated their powers well. Even Private Eye which
               | poses as a dissident voice towed that line.
               | 
               | The UK is certainly not the paradise it thinks it is.
               | Northern Ireland was pretty oppressive throughout much of
               | my lifetime, and the state authorities were part of that
               | along with the paramilitaries. The British state has
               | engaged in all kinds of shenanigans to undermine Scottish
               | and Welsh nationalism, including people dying under
               | mysterious circumstances, manufactured political scandals
               | and agents provocateurs. Some declassified information
               | details the effort put into derailing the Scottish
               | independence movement in the sixties and seventies (and
               | even the devolution movement).
               | 
               | If you are in England, then agents provocateurs have been
               | common in the environmentalist movement, the far left &
               | far right etc. The Socialist Workers Party has to be one
               | of the most obviously infiltrated groups out there or it
               | certainly looks like it. The state has also tried to make
               | the campaign against Digital ID look ridiculous by
               | linking it to Flat Earth and chemtrail agents
               | provocateurs, even though hostility to it is much more
               | widespread and serious.
        
         | mothballed wrote:
         | Depends on the form of authoritarian. The two of the richest
         | countries on a GDP PPP basis are Lichtenstein and Singapore,
         | also some of the most free economically, yet they could
         | probably be described as benevolent authoritarian systems.
         | Dubai further behind, although some similar points.
         | 
         | It seems authoritarians that know how to use their authority to
         | force the populace to accept (some forms of) freedom can
         | perform better than democracies. To the point the reigning
         | monarch of Lichtenstein is basically a straight up fuedal
         | prince, although one that has a sort of half libertarian/ancap
         | flavor to how he wields power. Yet very few people describe
         | Lichtenstein as a dystopia, it just kind of quietly gets
         | ignored as an example of authoritarian success in both wealth
         | and freedom.
        
           | bigstrat2003 wrote:
           | That makes sense to me. Authoritarian government is not
           | _inherently_ abusive of citizens, even though it often gets
           | used in rhetoric as though that was the case. It 's just that
           | there are no guard rails against the whims of the people in
           | charge, so you better hope you manage to keep good people in
           | charge forever (and that is obviously not going to happen).
        
             | KiwiJohnno wrote:
             | I read a quote somewhere that said democracy does nothing
             | to promote good leadership. The point of democracy isn't to
             | elect a good government, the point is to quickly get rid of
             | a bad government
        
           | jasonwatkinspdx wrote:
           | If you're a bus driver in Singapore denied the right to
           | protest, strike, and otherwise organize for better pay and
           | conditions, you might feel a bit different about how free
           | Singapore is economically.
        
             | appreciatorBus wrote:
             | Does Singapore force people to be bus drivers?
        
               | lostlogin wrote:
               | Once you have banned protest, how would you know if they
               | were forced or not?
               | 
               | EVERYONE IS HAPPY.
        
               | tim333 wrote:
               | Sounds like you haven't been to Singapore.
        
               | lostlogin wrote:
               | Not sure why you'd say that. Did you see protests or
               | Something?
        
           | immibis wrote:
           | Aren't those just plain old tax havens?
        
             | zweifuss wrote:
             | Yes and no.
             | 
             | They all have a very solid industrial base, like 30% to 50%
             | of the economy, with ~50% of workers living abroad (not
             | fully part of the welfare state). Comparatively high R&D.
             | Low taxes.
             | 
             | And plain tax evasion is now illegal, but those countries
             | are still an important stop to hide money elsewhere.
             | 
             | But the main secret sauce is a flexible fast legal system.
             | Stability, low crime, and less gridlock in the legislature
             | when the need for change is realized.
        
           | m4nu3l wrote:
           | What I find confusing about this comment is that to me,
           | authoritarian and libertarian are opposites, but have only to
           | do with individual freedoms, not the political system.
           | 
           | With these definitions, you can have a democratic or non-
           | democratic system, and both can give rise to libertarian or
           | authoritarian societies.
           | 
           | Democracies tend to produce more libertarian systems than
           | dictatorships, but only to some extent, and in fact, they are
           | often authoritarian in various aspects. All it takes to
           | oppress some people in a democracy, even when they are not
           | causing harm, is the majority of people wanting to do so.
           | 
           | Vice versa, a dictatorship with some enlightened,
           | incorruptible, and perfectly mentally stable dictator that
           | acts as a night-watchman so that individual freedoms are
           | respected would be more libertarian than a democracy, but
           | it's unlikely you'd get such a dictator.
        
             | potato3732842 wrote:
             | >What I find confusing about this comment is that to me,
             | authoritarian and libertarian are opposites, but have only
             | to do with individual freedoms, not the political system.
             | 
             | "Do whatever the F you want as long as you don't challenge
             | the state" isn't that incompatible at first glance and
             | might work ok if you have a low touch state. Where it gets
             | obviously incompatible is when you have eastern european
             | style oligarchs and western style administrative state and
             | state favored businesses and industries that leverage state
             | violence to stifle competition.
             | 
             | I don't think it's possible to have an authoritarian
             | government in a modern society that doesn't trend in one of
             | those directions.
        
             | qcnguy wrote:
             | There have been such dictators in the past. Singapore is
             | one example. Arguably the British Empire was libertarian by
             | the standards of its time (and empires).
             | 
             | Perhaps the least recognized example is America. The
             | Constitution imposes libertarianism on the population
             | against majority will. You can't change the constitution
             | with a 50%+1 vote, so it forces freedom of speech and other
             | rights on people who might otherwise easily vote to get rid
             | of them. There's no one man enforcing the constitution,
             | just a general agreement to obey SCOTUS.
        
           | lostlogin wrote:
           | Dubai and is a human rights cesspit.
           | 
           | Sharia law. Beat your wife. law. Fine rape victims. Use
           | slaves, flog gay people.
           | 
           | Name a regressive and disgusting way of treating humans -
           | it's probably done there.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights_in_Dubai
        
           | niemandhier wrote:
           | As long as the country is very wealthy at least compared to
           | its neighbors it might work.
           | 
           | Lichtenstein and Singapur found their niches, which do not
           | scale to larger countries, Dubai was just lucky.
           | 
           | Happy slaves don't dream of freedom.
           | 
           | I wonder what would happen to Lichtenstein if the EU would
           | pull a Trump on them and block trade and airspace until the
           | adjust their tax policies...
           | 
           | Not that this would ever happen.
        
           | gwbas1c wrote:
           | "East Germany" fell apart because the people stuck there
           | quickly realized how "ridiculous" it was. (See the post you
           | replied to.)
           | 
           | There was a lot of contact between West and East Germans due
           | to the awkward nature of the division of East and West
           | Germany and East and West Berlin. In contrast, that contact
           | doesn't exist between North and South Korea.
           | 
           | (Remember, West Berlin was an enclave inside of East Germany,
           | and West Germans were allowed to travel through East Germany
           | in order to travel in and out of West Berlin.)
        
           | nunobrito wrote:
           | There was a democratic referendum in 2003 to essentially
           | reduce the authority of the Liechenstein ruler, the
           | population largely voted to grant absolute power to the
           | ruling family: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003_Liechtenste
           | in_constitutio...
           | 
           | Authoritarianism is the oldest form of effective government.
           | Just as curious note, dictatorship was introduced during the
           | Roman epoch and was used as temporary measure during war
           | times. Look for example in Ukraine where the same ruler is
           | avoiding elections since some time due to war, in the root
           | sense of the government-style it is possible to describe it
           | as a dictatorship today, if it hadn't been for the negative
           | connotation of that term in the last 100 years.
        
             | michalpleban wrote:
             | The ruler is not "avoiding" elections due to war, he is
             | prohibited by the constitution to hold them during wartime
             | (not to mention the feasibility of letting the inhabitants
             | of occupied regions to exercise their voting rights). So it
             | is not a dictatorship in any sense.
        
         | coldtea wrote:
         | > _People - here in Germany as well as abroad - forget too
         | easily what a sinister but also ridiculous state the GDR was_
         | 
         | Wait till you hear how sinister its precursor state was
        
           | nephihaha wrote:
           | We hear far more about the precursor than the GDR, don't we?
           | (Actually its immediate precursor was Allied Occupied Germany
           | with the GDR being the Soviet zone.)
        
             | lostlogin wrote:
             | Do we? I'd say it's pretty close, especially if you include
             | every time that someone shrieks 'that's socialism,' or
             | 'that's communism' every time any social programme is
             | proposed.
             | 
             | Eg: Shall we improve public healthcare?
        
               | jen20 wrote:
               | > especially if you include every time that someone
               | shrieks 'that's socialism,' or 'that's communism'
               | 
               | But... why would you include that? They're certainly not
               | discussions of the DDR.
        
               | nephihaha wrote:
               | We do have socialised medicine where I live and it is
               | falling apart TBH. Never hear it compared to East
               | Germany.
        
               | nephihaha wrote:
               | By "we", I didn't mean Americans, but weaterners. We have
               | the National Health Service where I live and it is a
               | complete mess (I know someone who waited over seven years
               | for a jaw operation, another who has several years to
               | wait for autism screening). I don't want the American
               | system, and the basic principle of the NHS is good but
               | still....
               | 
               | This AI slop is a pretty accurate description of my local
               | medical practice (bar the cheap joke at beginning and
               | everyone having an English accent):
               | https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=w3U25wNyVRw
               | 
               | We hardly ever hear about East Germany or all the horrors
               | of living in such a place. Very rarely these days. I've
               | known quite a few people who lived under that regime and
               | they told me what it was like. Everyone was being
               | watched, and even school children had to write spy
               | reports on their neighbours. All while the East German
               | state kept proclaiming how it was a place of freedom and
               | equality.
        
         | solarexplorer wrote:
         | > Propane gas tanks became registered products
         | 
         | I still remember the two gentlemen in their black, faux leather
         | jackets who rang our doorbell and demanded to see our dinghy.
         | (dinghies where registered products too) We showed them our
         | dinghy, they said thank you and left.
         | 
         | Probably someone fled over the Baltic sea to Denmark in a
         | dinghy. So the secret police went from door to door until they
         | found someone who could no longer show it to them...
         | 
         | This was in the late 80s.
        
           | lostlogin wrote:
           | Oh wow. At that point, just make everything a registered
           | item.
        
         | Terr_ wrote:
         | The greatest trick authoritarianism ever pulled [0] was
         | convincing people it was competent, rational, or efficient.
         | 
         | Putting young men into fresh uniforms to march in synchrony
         | _looks_ impressive, but in the background sycophancy rules
         | while expertise is wasted, and people who could be improving
         | harvests and preventing floods are slaving away in the  "Office
         | of Subversive Objects" trying to figure out the source of the
         | googly-eye scourge being traitorously installed on Dear
         | Leader's statues.
         | 
         | [0] https://quoteinvestigator.com/2018/03/20/devil/
        
           | petre wrote:
           | > Putting young men into fresh uniforms to march in synchrony
           | 
           | A security circus and a waste of time. Look at the Korean
           | People's Army. Their main areas of expertise are marching in
           | synchrony, digging trenches, construction and agriculture.
        
           | fc417fc802 wrote:
           | Meanwhile we put experts to work optimizing conversion and
           | engagement metrics. A truly enlightened way of life we've
           | built for ourselves.
        
             | honzabe wrote:
             | > Meanwhile we put experts to work optimizing conversion
             | and engagement metrics. A truly enlightened way of life
             | we've built for ourselves.
             | 
             | I grew up in communist Czechoslovakia, and claims like this
             | really bother me. As if it is somehow comparable to being
             | forced to serve in the army of a dictatorship. What is
             | wrong with working on optimizing conversion and engagement
             | metrics? It can be interesting and useful. People are not
             | forced to do it. It is just one of many jobs that one can
             | do in a free society.
             | 
             | I believe that one of the reasons why authoritarianism
             | seems to be on the rise in the US and around the world in
             | general is that it has somehow become fashionable to
             | belittle and disparage what we have in the West... and how
             | good it is, despite its imperfections. I fear that we will
             | only realize this once we have lost it.
        
               | fc417fc802 wrote:
               | I think there's a misunderstanding here. I'm not arguing
               | in favor of a state run economy or a dictatorship or
               | whatever else it is you seem to have concluded. Flawed
               | though our system may be I don't want to throw the baby
               | out with the bathwater.
               | 
               | But all the same it's important to be able to recognize
               | where we could do better. Optimizing for investor return
               | is frequently not synonymous with optimizing for societal
               | well being. I don't think engagement algorithms that
               | result in negative emotions are really a benefit to
               | anyone other than the company that deploys them.
               | 
               | So too for the online advertising industry. We - ie
               | capitalists - have dedicated some of our best minds to
               | building out something that vaguely resembles a
               | panopticon. When you consider the intangible social and
               | political externalities it seems to me that the place
               | we've arrived at isn't a good one.
               | 
               | Don't forget that in addition to any negative impacts of
               | the things that were built, every day spent in that way
               | was a day not spent pursuing scientific or mathematical
               | breakthroughs.
        
               | honzabe wrote:
               | No, I understood well.
               | 
               | In my country, there is a barrage of Russian propaganda
               | trying to relativize our shitty experience with the
               | communist regime. They keep flooding the zone with claims
               | about democracy being flawed, weak, bureaucratic,
               | meaningless, and decadent. And it is working. People
               | appreciate democracy a lot less than ten or twenty years
               | ago.
               | 
               | Sure, there is a time for the self-criticism of the flaws
               | of the West. I just think now is not the time. Democracy
               | and freedom are under serious threat worldwide. Now is
               | the time to keep reminding ourselves how great it is what
               | we have built. Now is the time to be absolutely clear
               | that the flaws of democracies are not in the same
               | category as the flaws of authoritarian regimes.
               | 
               | I still remember what it was like living in a
               | totalitarian regime - and I was living in a soft
               | totalitarianism nearing its collapse. I am not old enough
               | to remember the hardcore Stalinist era. And still, it was
               | so bad that whatever you believe is bad about capitalism
               | is like 1% of how bad it was. Which is why it bugs me so
               | much when people talk about the flaws of both in one
               | breath as if they were even remotely comparable.
               | 
               | Look, I am a pessimist. I think there is a very real
               | chance that the US is turning into a Russia-like state. I
               | hope not, but if that happens, very bad things are likely
               | to happen in Europe too. We will all live it once again.
               | If you still don't understand what I mean, I suggest
               | this: let's bookmark this discussion and get back in 5
               | years, if we are still alive. Then, you will tell me what
               | you think about optimizing conversion and engagement
               | metrics. If you still think it is a problem worth
               | mentioning by then, I will be very happy.
        
               | fc417fc802 wrote:
               | > Which is why it bugs me so much when people talk about
               | the flaws of both in one breath as if they were even
               | remotely comparable.
               | 
               | I agree. But it was not my intent to portray them as even
               | remotely similar, hence the misunderstanding.
               | 
               | Reading about things like the balloon escape and what
               | surrounded it gives a very real sense of just how bad
               | things were. So when you see just how much better we have
               | it, the sheer amount of opportunity available to our
               | society in a general sense, it's more than a bit
               | depressing to think that this is how we (collectively)
               | chose to use it so far.
               | 
               | A rough analogy might be, we figure out advanced
               | bioengineering and then the next thing you know we as a
               | society have collectively gone to great lengths to apply
               | it to create the Torment Nexus from the classic sci-fi
               | novel Don't Create The Torment Nexus. Like yeah I think
               | the advanced bioengineering is a fantastic
               | accomplishment. I don't think we should get rid of it.
               | Things were definitely worse before we got that figured
               | out. I don't miss amputations and lobotomies. But is it
               | really necessary to so badly misappropriate the
               | opportunity that it affords us?
               | 
               | Given how different your perspective is from my own I can
               | appreciate that my original short and rather flippant
               | comment failed to convey that particular message.
        
               | honzabe wrote:
               | There is no doubt in my mind that your intent was good.
               | 
               | > A rough analogy might be, we figure out advanced
               | bioengineering and then the next thing you know we as a
               | society have collectively gone to great lengths to apply
               | it to create the Torment Nexus
               | 
               | What connection between bioengineering and Torment Nexus
               | do you have in mind? The advances of bioengineering that
               | pop up in my mind are mRNA vaccines and new cancer
               | treatments, which I consider awesome and not at all
               | Torment Nexus-y. When you say Torment Nexus, that makes
               | me think of Thiel's Palantir, but this is not something
               | we do collectively as a society - is it? To me, that is
               | exactly the anti-democratic stuff pushed by a few
               | specific people that we as a society need to rein in.
        
             | qcnguy wrote:
             | Conversion metrics = people find what they want to buy
             | quicker and more efficiently, allowing them to spend time
             | on leisure that would otherwise have been spent on
             | gathering needed goods.
             | 
             | Engagement metrics = making entertainment that's popular
             | rather than what's mandated by the state's culture
             | committees.
             | 
             | Optimizing them is a virtuous and noble profession.
        
               | fc417fc802 wrote:
               | Extensive effort to improve conversion metrics tends to
               | result in dark patterns (and increased revenue).
               | 
               | Extensive effort to improve engagement metrics tends to
               | result in negative emotional states (and increased
               | revenue).
               | 
               | When it comes to entertainment, optimizing return on
               | investment often means maximizing the size of the
               | potential audience. The end result of that process is
               | usually slop.
        
               | qcnguy wrote:
               | Dark patterns and slop aren't well defined terms.
               | Engagement resulting in negative emotional states is not
               | obviously a problem. Social studies academics pretend it
               | is, but have no trouble with people consuming state TV
               | news even if it shows them a constant stream of bad news
               | stories.
        
       | baud9600 wrote:
       | In Eastern Europe in 1979, those were big sums of money. What an
       | extraordinary story
        
         | toephu2 wrote:
         | Yeah I'd be curious into how they acquired so much money
        
           | lukan wrote:
           | Likely black market deals/work I think. Also just getting a
           | replacement car was not really easy for normal people.
        
             | nunobrito wrote:
             | Yes, was noticing the same. It was easy for them to sell
             | the car and get a new one, so this meant a lot of
             | connections and underground "jobs" for the extra revenue.
             | 
             | Anyways, fantastic story. First time reading despite living
             | relatively close.
        
           | ahartmetz wrote:
           | What I've read about the GDR is that money was rarely the
           | problem. You couldn't spend the money if what you wanted to
           | buy was simply not available (except maybe in "Intershops"
           | where you needed to pay in Western currency, that was in fact
           | very expensive). It really was a different system.
        
             | wolvoleo wrote:
             | Yes the movie Night Crossing also shows very well that
             | there was a lot of suspicion, for example they had to buy
             | the fabric from lots of different places and this a slipup
             | actually caused them to be ratted out (not sure if this
             | particular part of the story happened to these people in
             | real life too but it was really a thing)
        
             | wishfish wrote:
             | Read a memoir by a KGB agent who arrested a man in Moscow
             | who was passing info to the CIA. Had been doing so for
             | years. The CIA had the typical western attitude towards
             | money so they kept giving him stacks of rubles. Thinking
             | they were being generous. The man (a professor, I think)
             | had nothing to spend it on so he stacked cash up in a
             | closet. Had around 1 million stored when he was caught. He
             | probably would have been better off just burning it as the
             | money was used as evidence in his trial.
             | 
             | Had a chance to ask a Russian / Soviet historian how one
             | could spend a million rubles in the late 70s, early 80s. He
             | just shrugged and laughed about it. Almost no way to spend
             | that much. Nothing cost very much and there wasn't much of
             | it.
        
       | martin-t wrote:
       | One good metric of quality of life (which includes various
       | freedoms) is how many people emigrate or immigrate.
       | 
       | Anybody who defends authoritarians has to explain why so many
       | people want to leave and why the regime wants to keep them in.
       | (With some exceptions such as China which weaponizes emigrants by
       | threatening their families.)
        
         | mothballed wrote:
         | If that's the case the theocratic monarchy in UAE takes the
         | cake, I think, although maybe there are similar amounts
         | elsewhere.
         | 
         | Pretty much all the highest % immigration countries are
         | monarchy that I can think of, since in those country another
         | tax payer is an easy win and immigrants that cause problem can
         | be instantly booted so there is very little downside to taking
         | anybody with $1 or a job who cares to come.                 Top
         | Countries by Percentage of Immigrants (approximate recent
         | figures):       Qatar: Around 77% (or 76.7%).       United Arab
         | Emirates (UAE): Around 74-88% (some sources   show higher
         | figures for earlier years).       Kuwait: Around 69-73%.
         | Bahrain: Around 55%.
         | 
         | Singapore not far behind (~40% from memory), a one party state
         | but with voting, sometimes described as essentially an elected
         | recallable monarchy. Also note most of those countries have
         | relatively low emigration rates of native citizens.
        
           | Terr_ wrote:
           | I think "immigrants" is the wrong statistic here, since it
           | includes workers with no path to citizenship. (In some cases,
           | they can't leave because their employer stole their
           | passport.)
           | 
           | It confuses "this is a good place to resettle" with "here I
           | can arbitrage higher wages in order to send money back home."
        
             | cs02rm0 wrote:
             | I'm not sure it is wrong. I'd have no path to UAE
             | citizenship, nor do I particularly want one, I'd likely
             | have lower wages. And I'd still like to live there more
             | than most places.
        
             | qcnguy wrote:
             | You're still an immigrant even if you can't become a
             | citizen.
        
               | Terr_ wrote:
               | > > it includes workers with no path to citizenship
               | 
               | > You're still an immigrant even if you can't become a
               | citizen.
               | 
               | Yes, like I said. My point is that these two scenarios
               | are very different:
               | 
               | 1. "I am +1 to the immigrant count because this is a
               | great place for me and my family to live and I wish for
               | us to move here permanently."
               | 
               | 2. "I am +1 to the immigrant count temporarily because
               | the wages here are so much more than I could earn at
               | home, and I'm remitting that money back to my family who
               | live somewhere else. As much as this is an opportunity
               | for me, we could never move here because same wages would
               | have my family homeless and starving, making this a
               | terrible place to move permanently."
               | 
               | Both people are happily adding to the "immigrants inside"
               | count, but they are very different judgements about the
               | country.
        
           | martin-t wrote:
           | That's a good point. Perhaps a better statistic would be
           | people who _want to_ emigrate or immigrate. We 're
           | introducing a bias by measuring only those who actually do.
        
         | dmaa wrote:
         | For me, this is the maxim that governs speaking with someone
         | defending a totalitarian regime.
         | 
         | If the person has no issue that people have to be kept by force
         | INSIDE for the country to function, then we have a fundamental
         | disagreement on what is good and what is bad and any further
         | discussion is a waste of time.
        
       | nephihaha wrote:
       | I first read about this in Reader's Digest back in the eighties.
        
         | hmng wrote:
         | I'm not the only one then! :-)
        
           | nephihaha wrote:
           | I read about them in RD long before I saw the film, I think.
           | It is an amazing achievement and I doubt most people could
           | have pulled it off. Thinking about it now... You would have
           | to wait until the wind was going in the right direction, and
           | wouldn't change, and also be well away from the border to
           | avoid patrols. They had luck on their side.
           | 
           | I think I saw the film in the late eighties/early nineties
           | round about the time the Eastern Bloc was falling apart so it
           | had less impact.
        
       | mothballed wrote:
       | I'm amazed most of all they were able to keep it under wraps with
       | 4 children involved. I don't think you could pay my children at
       | that age $1 million to keep their mouth shut even under the same
       | risks.
        
         | drcode wrote:
         | I think it's such a crazy idea, even if a 5 year old tell a
         | teacher about it or something, who's going to take the story
         | seriously?
        
           | mandevil wrote:
           | After they found the remains of the balloon from the first
           | escape attempt, the Stasi put out a reward for information, I
           | think everyone would take the story seriously at that point.
           | It was why they decided they had to go through with the
           | second attempt, because they were convinced the Stasi was
           | going to catch them soon. But they had to buy the materials
           | for that balloon _after_ the Stasi had found the remains of
           | their previous attempt.
        
             | petre wrote:
             | > But they had to buy the materials for that balloon after
             | the Stasi had found the remains of their previous attempt
             | 
             | The repressive state apparatus was moving too slow. Maybe
             | they hoped there won't be a second attempt after the first
             | one failed, maybe it wasn't promptly reported to the
             | appartchikhs and handled internally by the Stasi to avoid
             | backlash.
        
           | lukan wrote:
           | I would assume they did not tell them anything at all, until
           | the time was there. And after the first failed attempt, they
           | were probably shocked enough for real to understand the
           | situation and keep their mouths shut.
           | 
           | Children put in serious situations are capable of much more
           | serious behavior, than children who have only known comfort
           | and safety.
        
         | netsharc wrote:
         | The Wikipedia page references Gunter Wetzel's website. Reading
         | https://www.ballonflucht.de/en/missverstaendnis.html , he's
         | written down more information - apparently they came to a
         | disagreement about the story, and on that page there's more
         | detail, from his point of view: for the first attempt they did
         | everything in Wetzel's house (whose oldest kid was 4), because
         | of concerns the Strelzyks' children (who were 10 and 14) could
         | blurt something out. After some disagreements (Strelzyks told
         | some relatives about the balloon, Wetzel thinks the balloon was
         | too small) Wetzel gave Strelzyks all they've built (he was also
         | worried about getting caught with the stuff, especially since
         | now the relatives have heard about it) and decided to follow
         | the concept of a ultralight airplane.
         | 
         | That's the reason the first attempt was just the Strelzyks...
        
       | rottencupcakes wrote:
       | Odd how nobody ever builds a balloon to fly towards the communist
       | utopias.
        
         | nephihaha wrote:
         | One guy did use a plane to land in Red Square. Remember him?
        
           | echelon_musk wrote:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathias_Rust
        
           | GaryBluto wrote:
           | Not to live there though, just as a "symbol of peace".
        
             | nephihaha wrote:
             | I'm not sure it worked much as a symbol of peace. He got
             | sent to a Soviet prison/interrogation for a while which I'm
             | sure was a laugh a minute.
        
           | mopsi wrote:
           | He was mentally disturbed, which kinda proves the point.
           | After returning to Germany, he stabbed a woman for rejecting
           | his advances. Later, he was convicted of shoplifting, and a
           | few years after that he was convicted again of selling stolen
           | goods.
           | 
           | Definitely a "character", even if medically sound enough to
           | stand trial.
        
             | nephihaha wrote:
             | I didn't know about the stabbing bit. You'd have to be off
             | your head to land a plane next to the Kremlin. He was lucky
             | he wasn't shot down.
        
           | wolvoleo wrote:
           | Yes he was so cool. The plane is still in a museum.
           | 
           | PS: He was dumb as hell too of course, and it was only due to
           | incredible laxness of the air force that he was never shot
           | down.
        
             | tim333 wrote:
             | I'm not sure any countries really shoot down light aircraft
             | unless it's an active war zone. They are not much of a
             | threat and it's also hard to tell if they are there legally
             | or not.
             | 
             | You're more likely to get hassled when you land like the
             | Ethan Guo guy
             | (https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c04rql923kdo)
        
               | nephihaha wrote:
               | Guo must have been a few sandwiches short of a picnic to
               | try and fly to Antarctica unaided as well. Three year ban
               | from Chile isn't long.
        
         | marcodiego wrote:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Servi%C3%A7os_A%C3%A9reos_Cruz...
        
         | wolvoleo wrote:
         | If I were in the US I would certainly leave to a more socialist
         | country. I could not live there. Even before Trump.
         | 
         | However there is a spectrum between it. I don't think either
         | extreme is great, neither American unrestricted capitalism nor
         | full-on communism. A balance of both is needed. I was a lot
         | happier in the 80s when Holland was a lot more socialist. Less
         | things to worry about, a safety net, cheap housing and
         | schooling, still the ability to run your own business if you
         | really wanted to. We had a great combination.
         | 
         | However the VVD neoliberals (who idolize America) have
         | destroyed it over the last decades and there are so many huge
         | problems now because they always went for the quick fix.
         | 
         | With full-on capitalism you get lots of disenfranchised people
         | angry at not having any upward mobility, corporations just dump
         | all over the citizens, and differences in wealth get insanely
         | high. With full-on communism you end up with a surveillance
         | hellscape and inhumane processes. The secret sauce is in
         | between IMO.
        
           | immibis wrote:
           | What would you call the current surveillance hellscape and
           | inhumane processes in the USA? Is that full-on communism?
        
             | layer8 wrote:
             | Totalitarianism exists on both sides of the spectrum.
        
               | immibis wrote:
               | That is a non-answer.
        
               | layer8 wrote:
               | I understood your question to be a rhetorical one.
        
       | TacticalCoder wrote:
       | Wait... People want to escape from communist countries?
        
         | nephihaha wrote:
         | Remember the GDR called the Berlin Wall the "Antifascist
         | Protection Barrier"
        
           | immibis wrote:
           | I believe the USA-Mexico border wall was called something
           | similar
        
             | nephihaha wrote:
             | That wall is to keep people out from another state, not in.
        
               | 0928374082 wrote:
               | After all, they kept Paul Robeson in by simply pulling
               | his passport, no wall needed.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Robeson#:~:text=A%20mo
               | nth...
        
               | nephihaha wrote:
               | I don't need to go to Wikipedia to read about Robeson.
               | Guy became a Stalin fan and crumbled mentally when he
               | realised the USSR was not what it claimed. Great singer
               | though.
        
               | thatcat wrote:
               | That's how east berlin marketed it too, it still features
               | bi-directional blocking abilities, like all walls.
        
           | RobotToaster wrote:
           | There were no fascists in the DDR.
           | 
           | There are fascists in the former DDR today.
           | 
           | So I guess it worked.
        
             | bentley wrote:
             | > There were no fascists in the DDR.
             | 
             | That was certainly the party line of the DDR at the time.
             | Do you honestly believe it?
             | 
             | It's no coincidence that Vladimir Putin, a former KGB man
             | who served in East Germany, claims that his war in Ukraine
             | is justified in the name of denazification. It's an easy
             | rhetorical trick. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disinformat
             | ion_in_the_Russian_...
        
               | nephihaha wrote:
               | I believe this about as much as the Chinese Communist
               | official who claimed that there were no homosexuals in
               | the PRC.
               | 
               | In reality, a lot of careerists shifted their loyalties
               | from the National Socialist government to the Communist
               | one. There were several years in which the Communists,
               | much like their western counterparts, tried to weed out
               | all the Nazis, before realising many of them were
               | experienced in administering things. (The Eastern Bloc
               | had its own smaller version of Operation Paperclip,
               | although the scientists tended to be less willing.)
        
             | tirant wrote:
             | The fascists were everywhere in the DDR: just called
             | members of the party or as part of the Stasi.
             | 
             | And I take the definition of fascists as anyone who
             | prioritizes their political system, State or political view
             | to a point of depriving any other citizen of their basic
             | freedom.
        
               | razakel wrote:
               | Authoritarianism isn't the same thing as fascism.
        
               | nephihaha wrote:
               | Some ways, yes, some ways no. Communism and Fascism in
               | practice had mutual influences on one another although
               | they would be loathe to admit it. (By Communism here, I
               | mean Communist party rule, not the future utopia which
               | none of these countries ever achieved.)
               | 
               | If you want to take a more Trotskyite view, many post-
               | revolutionary states enter a so called "Bonapartist"
               | phase, where militarism, ultranationalism and symbology
               | combine to produce something which looks a lot like
               | Fascism. Mao and Stalin were not above using
               | ultranationalism and chauvinism to push their rule. North
               | Korea has gone all the way with this with Juche which
               | contains mystical, ultranationalist and even racial
               | supremacist features.
        
             | nephihaha wrote:
             | "There were no fascists in the DDR."
             | 
             | Not officially although in reality the Stasi quite happily
             | reused Gestapo files, and there were numerous National
             | Socialists who ended up east of the border.
             | 
             | The GDR had a series of fake political parties, besides the
             | Communist, in order to pretend they were a democracy. I
             | believe they did have one that pretended to appeal to such
             | people.
             | 
             | "There are fascists in the former DDR today."
             | 
             | Much more so than the west which did not have years of
             | Communist rule.
        
         | prmoustache wrote:
         | A communist country has never existed and never will so we will
         | never know.
         | 
         | Communism is a lovely idea on paper but a complete utopia due
         | to human nature. We are nearly all motherfuckers who if given
         | the chance will try to obtain more power or more wealth than
         | our peers in a group of any size. Thus you can't have all
         | citizens of a given country agree on abandoning private
         | ownership and sharing wealth, work and power in equal terms.
         | Any government that pretended to do that was just faking it and
         | forced their citizens to pretend.
        
           | echelon_musk wrote:
           | > _Communism is a lovely idea on paper but a complete utopia_
           | 
           |  _dystopia_ ?
        
           | immibis wrote:
           | Communism is the idea of "can't we all just get along?" which
           | is obviously not something you can actually implement, but is
           | easily used as a buzzword by evil regimes. Remember, H-tl-r
           | called his regime "socialist", much the same way N-rth K-rea
           | calls itself "democratic"
        
             | _ink_ wrote:
             | You can spell out Hitler and North Korea here. Meta has no
             | power here.
        
               | immibis wrote:
               | Incorrect. Users are running autoflag bots.
        
               | ranger_danger wrote:
               | Every day you make comments that are downvoted (and
               | probably flagged) by several people... I think it's quite
               | possible that the real issue is not "other people."
               | 
               | Usually people who feel (or are) targeted are not 100%
               | innocent.
        
               | immibis wrote:
               | There's a clear pattern where comments containing certain
               | words are flagged much more often than comments
               | containing mildly cens-red versions of those words. Could
               | be HN itself but if we assume HN isn't lying about how
               | its algorithm works (a big assumption) then it must be
               | user flag bots.
               | 
               | It's not just my comments - you see something similar
               | with headlines on the front page that contain certain
               | names like El-n M-sk. They will accumulate hundreds of
               | points and comments and then be cens-red.
        
             | tirant wrote:
             | That's not the idea of communism.
             | 
             | That's actually the point of libertarianism, anarchism: do
             | what you want, but you will only do well if you get along
             | with the rest of the society by providing something helpful
             | to them, as no one is forced to help you. And that's why
             | free market capitalism works. Even the most selfish
             | individuals have needed to cooperate, work for others or
             | open businesses with useful products for society in order
             | to be able to accumulate wealth.
        
       | hmokiguess wrote:
       | Meanwhile in Brazil:
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adelir_Ant%C3%B4nio_de_Carli
        
       | adharmad wrote:
       | Reminds me of George Gamow and his wife's attempts to escape from
       | the Soviet union by kayaking across the Black sea (first attempt)
       | and the Norwegian sea (second attempt) until he was lucky enough
       | to be given permission to visit the Solvay conference and was
       | able to defect using conventional methods (Simply not returning).
        
       | russdill wrote:
       | One of favorite escapes:
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Papago_Escape
       | 
       | They built boats to sail down the Salt River, to the Colorado
       | River, and to Mexico. Of course the salt river is almost always
       | just a dry river bed. It's shocking to me that no dramatization
       | of this escape exists
        
         | mallomarmeasle wrote:
         | Interesting story. The lack of dramatization might have
         | something to do with making Nazis sympathetic characters.
         | Hogans Heroes aside.
        
         | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
         | I don't think the Great Papago Escape was that great - "Over
         | the next few weeks, all of the escapees were eventually
         | recaptured without bloodshed."
         | 
         | The thing that makes this balloon escape story is so
         | enthralling is that it actually _worked_.
        
           | russdill wrote:
           | I mean, their escape was quite complex and did actually
           | "work", it's just they didn't get very far beyond that. Any
           | dramatization would clearly need some comedic element
        
       | anonnon wrote:
       | The GDR was a showcase state that, much like the DPRK, being on
       | the periphery of the communist block, was propped up by USSR so
       | that direct comparisons with its capitalist neighbor wouldn't be
       | so unflattering. One of the most important forms of assistance
       | the GDR and other satellites received was cheap energy. In the
       | case of the GDR, through the Friendship Pipeline. One only need
       | look at the DPRK to see how vital this assistance was; it was
       | only _after_ the USSR collapsed and Russia turned off the spigot
       | that North Korea started regularly suffering famines:
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990s_North_Korean_famine
       | 
       | And yet even with the high (in comparison to other communist
       | states) quality of life people in the GDR enjoyed, people still
       | risked life and limb to escape. You could leave Brazil under its
       | various juntas, Chile under Pinochet, Portugal under Salazar, and
       | Spain under Franco, yet the only option for citizens of the GDR
       | and other communist states (in some cases, still today, e.g.,
       | Cuba and the DPRK) was escape and defection.
        
         | ricksunny wrote:
         | West Berlin was also a showcase city.
        
         | justsomehnguy wrote:
         | > yet the only option for citizens of the GDR and other
         | communist states
         | 
         |  _yawns_
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970s_Soviet_Union_aliyah
        
           | anonnon wrote:
           | The Soviet Union had almost no legal emigration prior to the
           | 1970s, and limited, targed emigration quotas after. The US,
           | by contrast, prior to 1965, had strict quotas limiting
           | _immigration_ (based on national origins).
        
       | potato3732842 wrote:
       | >hey needed just ten minutes to inflate the balloon and an
       | additional three minutes to heat the air.
       | 
       | That's faster than most professionals by a substantial margin. I
       | guess when it matters you make it work.
        
       | SV_BubbleTime wrote:
       | > Propane gas tanks became registered products
       | 
       | Ha. Someone does a thing and the state moves in to regulate. Same
       | as it ever was, apparently.
       | 
       | Item registration... not used to prevent crime, just to make it
       | easier to document after it happens.
        
         | justinclift wrote:
         | > not used to prevent crime
         | 
         | Wouldn't "registration" as used in the article mean the
         | purchase details were sent to the authorities, so they could
         | investigate/stop a potential escape attempt?
        
           | SV_BubbleTime wrote:
           | Registration always precedes confiscation.
           | 
           | Even if the devices were registered, you might be up and away
           | before they figure it out. But if another family flew away,
           | that registration list would be handy door to door.
        
         | layer8 wrote:
         | The registration serves as a deterrent, and therefore does
         | reduce crime. It wouldn't have been practical to outright
         | prohibit propane gas.
        
       | snicky wrote:
       | This reminds of a person I read about on HN years ago - a Russian
       | guy who escaped from the USSR jumping off a cruise liner and
       | swimming a couple of days to Philippines.
       | 
       | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanislav_Kurilov
       | 
       | [1] https://www.amazon.com/Alone-Ocean-Slava-
       | Kurilov-S/dp/965555...
        
         | eastbound wrote:
         | Well in this theme, there were 800,000 "boat people" (name
         | given to the Vietnamese who escaped communism by boat in
         | 1975-1995).
        
       | lazysheepherd wrote:
       | It amazes me that some people will somehow still have the
       | audacity to defend communism...
        
         | chihuahua wrote:
         | "That wasn't real Communism! It's actually great when done
         | correctly!" /s
        
         | immibis wrote:
         | Same. Anyone who defends a red coloured party, after red
         | coloured parties did so much damage in the past, is obviously a
         | monster.
        
       | appreciatorBus wrote:
       | People will do anything to escape the fruits of marxism.
       | Discoursers today should take note!
        
       | exabrial wrote:
       | There was a mcgyver episode about this.
        
       | marginalien wrote:
       | This is so impressive. Survival of the fittest at work.
        
       | mhh__ wrote:
       | Fascinating. Always enjoyed the near-history one can feel in east
       | germany.
       | 
       | Europe is obviously very old e.g. I go to a pub back home that's
       | 500 years old, but you can still sort of feel the concrete
       | setting in some parts of Germany. Although saying that it might
       | be that they haven't changed much since and I don't like the
       | future chosen much elsewhere.
       | 
       | Or it's just the light temperature... In places that have kept
       | their old street lighting I find it interesting to find angles
       | that look the same now as they did in 1981 (or '71, etc).
        
       | freakynit wrote:
       | Was curious to know the calculations involved. Found them to be
       | pretty simple.
       | 
       | Vibe-coded an online calculator for future escapists:
       | https://balloon-lift-calculator.pagey.site
        
         | svara wrote:
         | Now calculate the necessary rate of fuel burn and fuel
         | requirement for a given trip; tensile and tear strength needed
         | for the balloon material and seams.
         | 
         | Tbf they probably didn't do all these calculations, but should
         | have. They risked their lives by getting some of these things
         | wrong.
        
           | freakynit wrote:
           | Done. Updated: https://balloon-lift-calculator.pagey.site
           | 
           | Thanks..
        
         | mfld wrote:
         | You can compare them with the original calculations that can be
         | found at https://www.ballonflucht.de/en/ballonrechner.html !
        
       | jryle70 wrote:
       | A reminder of something much bigger, much longer, and far more
       | tragic. People died, families split, a country divided.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnamese_boat_people
        
         | refurb wrote:
         | Yup.
         | 
         | I met a guy in the East Bay who escaped Vietnam in 1978. Family
         | sold everything to bribe the government to look the other way.
         | 
         | Boat trip lasted a week - people died, mostly the youngest and
         | oldest, their bodies thrown overboard. Thai pirate came and
         | stole anything of value they had left and raped the women.
         | Boats passed by and did nothing.
         | 
         | They finally make it to Malaysia and spent almost a year in a
         | refugee camp before coming to the US.
         | 
         | Now multiply that story by 2,000,000 with 200,000-400,000 dying
         | along the way. A total of 4-5% of the entire population tried
         | to escape by boat. The lucky ones fled before 1975, some later
         | one.
         | 
         | A massive human tragedy that few people know much about.
        
         | WalterBright wrote:
         | The barber I patronized for many years was a boat person.
         | Wonderful people.
        
       | lutusp wrote:
       | This true story moves us because it resembles much of human
       | history, in which clever but powerless people struggle against
       | morons -- morons who somehow gain control over a modern
       | industrial state, then use that power to punish innocents who
       | dare to assert simple human rights.
       | 
       | People in Moscow, in Gaza, in Tehran, in Minneapolis, are all
       | saying, "How can I rise above this? -- where's _my_ balloon? "
       | 
       | Too many morons. Too few balloons.
        
         | wtcactus wrote:
         | > Moscow, in Gaza, in Tehran, in Minneapolis
         | 
         | Man, you really went ahead and tried to compare Minneapolis
         | with Teharan. This is got me laughing out loud.
        
           | diab0lic wrote:
           | While the difference between the two may still be wide, it is
           | a lot more narrow than it was a year ago. Some people find
           | this concerning.
        
           | lutusp wrote:
           | > Man, you really went ahead and tried to compare Minneapolis
           | with Teharan.
           | 
           | It would help if you could spell "Tehran". Then notice that
           | in either place you can be killed for annoying authority
           | figures, without due process or recourse.
           | 
           | > This is got me laughing out loud.
           | 
           | I suspect that by 2028 you won't be laughing quite so loudly
           | -- or at all.
        
       | decimalenough wrote:
       | More interesting escapes from the DDR, this time by three
       | brothers, who all fled separately:
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bethke_brothers
        
         | yde_java wrote:
         | > The Berlin Wall fell six months after Egbert's escape.
         | 
         | Ironic. Still quite an adventure. Thanks for sharing!
        
       | bot_user_7a2b99 wrote:
       | The engineering ingenuity and determination required to pull this
       | off is truly mind blowing. Building a homemade balloon under such
       | surveillance is an amazing feat.
        
       | car wrote:
       | The autobiographical graphic novel "Time Zones" by Sven Diekmann
       | describes an attempted balloon escape from the GDR in 1977, but
       | it was thwarted at the last minute [1].
       | 
       | It is a powerful book, quite chilling as it describes life under
       | the totalitarian puppet government of East Germany. I also often
       | found it eerily reminiscent of our current times.
       | 
       | I can highly recommend it, both for the suspenseful narrative and
       | great visual storytelling. A great read for HS/college kids that
       | are into history too.
       | 
       | [1] https://store.bookbaby.com/book/time-zones
       | 
       | [2] Authors website: https://www.svensiekmann.com/bio
        
       | elbci wrote:
       | - What capitalists did in 6 months that communists didn't manage
       | in 50 years?
       | 
       | - Make communism look good.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communist_nostalgia
        
         | tirant wrote:
         | Communism and socialism have always looked good when compared
         | to the principles of other economic and political doctrines:
         | 
         | - No poor people; everyone supported by the State; Everyone
         | works for the common good; shared resources no matter how lucky
         | or unlucky you are...
         | 
         | From an intentional and moral perspective, nothing can beat it.
         | 
         | However it fails and will always fail because of a couple of
         | important reasons:
         | 
         | - it requires the sacrifice of freedom and individuality. - it
         | needs to suppress any other political alternative - it's
         | finally always implemented by humans (flawed by default) that
         | have their own benefit as a goal.
         | 
         | Even with constant examples of countries demonstrating why
         | communism always ends up being a perverse system, many people
         | still romanticize the system. Interestingly usually only people
         | in free capitalist societies.
        
           | elbci wrote:
           | Those 50-60-70+% of people in former communist states don't
           | "romanticize", they just remember being better. Utopia - no,
           | but better than capitalism. Without an example of a communist
           | state shielded from constant attacks, sabotage and sanctions
           | from the dominant capitalist we will never know how good it
           | could get. We just know the imperfect as it was, it was still
           | better.
        
             | honzabe wrote:
             | > Those 50-60-70+% of people in former communist states
             | don't "romanticize", they just remember being better.
             | 
             | Where did you get those numbers? I remember reading about
             | one survey where the number of people with previous regime
             | 'nostalgia' was around 50%. That survey had flawed
             | methodology, and the results were probably mostly about
             | nostalgia related to the times when we were young, and our
             | backs did not hurt (obviously, Russian bots in my country
             | keep blabbering about it ad nauseam as if it were actually
             | about the quality of the old regime).
             | 
             | Let's focus on the numbers that matter - the election
             | numbers: in the 2025 elections in my country (Czechia),
             | communists did not even get over the 5% necessary to get to
             | the parliament. So, I guess what people actually remember
             | here is communism _not_ being better.
        
               | elbci wrote:
               | there's a wikipedia link above (showing indeed Czechia
               | amongst the least "nostalgic" - only 25% in 2021). As for
               | elections results, how many ppl don't bother to vote (31%
               | absenteeism vs 36% best electoral score, ANO)? how many
               | tv stations do communists have, how many lavishly funded
               | NGOs? how many instances proving the "communist" party to
               | be no more that a pale imitation if not straight up
               | controlled opposition...
               | 
               | As for the "flawed methodology": 66.2% of Romanians
               | regret Nicolae Ceausescu in a study..."commissioned by
               | the Institute for the Investigation of Communist Crimes
               | and the Memory of the Romanian Exile" - I'd say if the
               | "institute" of bad-mouthing communism had to admit that
               | number... well it seems the russian bots are extremely
               | efficient, maybe we should listen to them instead of
               | useless Ursula bots ;)
        
           | trelane wrote:
           | It necessarily increases the concentration of power in the
           | hands of the few. Some of you may recall a statement about
           | power corrupting, etc.
           | 
           | Just on the face of it: extending the idea of company towns
           | to an entire _nation_ seems bad to me on paper.
        
         | petre wrote:
         | It was mainly the USSR's doing. China managed to switch to
         | state capitalism. I guess we'll see how that works out for
         | them.
        
       | Squarex wrote:
       | It is interesting how dictatorships for resourceless countries
       | needed to keep the people in like east germany or czechoslovakia.
       | But current dictatorships with natural resources like Venezuela
       | or Iran let dissent go. It makes them more stable sadly.
        
         | fsh wrote:
         | Since West Germany considered East Germany to be occupied
         | territory, East Germans had automatic citizenship in the west.
         | This made it uniquely easy to emigrate into the much wealthier
         | country.
        
           | Squarex wrote:
           | Well apart from the high chance of being killed at the
           | borders.
        
             | usrusr wrote:
             | Sure, but they did have a place to go to. Unlike all the
             | other people that risk getting killed at a border
        
           | usr1106 wrote:
           | That's not fully correct. The West accepted only a single
           | German citizenship. So everyone from East Germany could
           | immediately be issued a "German" passport by the Western
           | authorities.
           | 
           | For the East there were 2 citizenships. They had no
           | adjectives, they only talked about "citizen of the German
           | Democratic Republic" and "citizen of the Federal Republic of
           | Germany".
           | 
           | The occupation view was not official politics after 1970. The
           | West had recognized the East as a state. But citizens of both
           | states were assumed to have the same citizenship.
           | 
           | Edit: recognized as state should maybe recognized as some
           | kind of state. Like the citizenship there were numerous
           | differences compared to other foreign nation states.
        
         | gassius wrote:
         | As a Venezuelan, I think the difference is not the Natural
         | Resources, or at least is not the main difference. In 2017, the
         | shortages and economic crisis generated by 15 years of
         | communist policies has pushed around 4 million people out, and
         | then, the regime "elected" a Constitutional Assembly which has
         | the power to create a new Constitution and to overrid any
         | previously elected organism (as it was at the time the
         | opossition controled National Assembly).
         | 
         | At that point I leaved Venezuela inmediatly with my 2 minor
         | aged kids, because for me it was a NO BRAINER that the first
         | thing they will do was to limit the emigration and the free
         | ciruculation. My train of tought was very simple. As any other
         | Socialist Dictatorship before, this one needs to halt the
         | staggering loss of skilled proffesionals like Medics, Engineers
         | or whatever they deemed of National Security, I mean, you still
         | need Doctors, you still need the Electricity and Water to get
         | into the industries and houses, and specially for Venezuela,
         | you need to keep the Oil flowing off the earth...
         | 
         | BOY WAS I WRONG, they never put a formal limit to the
         | emigration and at least another 5 million people leaved
         | Venezuela (so far). It did not matter at all that the already
         | in shambles Public Health system collapsed, they doctors that
         | stayed were private and they attended only the capacity that
         | could pay for the scarse services, the basic services did not
         | matter that much either, as people got use to get them once or
         | twice per week, and even a country wide blackout of 3 weeks was
         | not the end of the regime, and the Oil, well, does not matter
         | either because what was once 3.5 million barrels per day went
         | to be as low as 300.000 bpd.
         | 
         | So, what was the difference? well, for all its downfalls, it
         | seems to me that the XX century Communist/Socialist
         | dictatorships were guided by Ideology, they really thought
         | theirs ideas were for the better of their people, so having no
         | Healthcare was a REAL PROBLEM, having no public services was a
         | REAL PROBLEM. Of course, their recipes were doomed as their
         | political ideals, but at least they tried.
         | 
         | The Venezuelan Regime has no Ideology (it has some in form of
         | propaganda, but that is different that actions) as the latest
         | news can attest, They couldn't care less about the people and
         | the wellness. They did not use any "Natural Resouces" to keep
         | any level of living conditions, they just let loose the ruins
         | of the economy they had messed so badly to let the most savage
         | neoliberalism to correct the course while they stayed in power
         | to keep leaching two sources of income, whatever oil they could
         | produce and the drugs operations revenue, alongside their cut
         | on any business their allies (AKA "Enchufados) could come up in
         | the "liberalized" economy.
         | 
         | All the people that leaved the country (including me) just made
         | them easier to keep control of whatever was left. Ever
         | decreasing political or social opposition, less pressure of the
         | shambles public services and so on and on...
         | 
         | The Natural Resources is just a part of their Income, it does
         | not affects the hability to control or to even extract richness
         | from the system.
        
           | Squarex wrote:
           | I can only speak of Czechoslovakia, but from 1968 to 1989
           | there was no ideology. After the soviet occupation, there was
           | normalization era, that was explicitly about compliance with
           | the regime, not about believe in communism.
           | 
           | I agree though that it is more complex, but for some reason,
           | Czechoslovakia wanted to keep all the people and exploit
           | their work, while Venezuela and Iran seems to let the people
           | go in exchange for the regime stability.
        
             | gassius wrote:
             | First, of course I am talking about Socialist Dictatorships
             | of the XX Century in an academic way, from what I have
             | read, So I really don't know as much as what I have lived
             | through in Venezuela.
             | 
             | When I talk about Ideology, I am not referring to the
             | people, but the regime hiercachy. I would guess in the case
             | of Czechoslovakia the regime had some Ideology alignment
             | with the Soviets, but I truly don't know. But yes, they
             | modern approach seems to favor the exile instead of the
             | reclusion or so it seems
        
             | bregma wrote:
             | Would that be possibly because while Venezuela and Iran
             | have oil to extract and sell on the international market to
             | enrich the coffers of the oligarchs in power, the only
             | resources Czechoslovakia had was labour. The oligarchs
             | could only enrich themselves by exporting manufactured
             | goods like shoes and buses, mostly made from imported
             | materials, extracting the excess wealth from the labour of
             | others the way Venezuela and Iran extract oil from the
             | ground?
        
             | qcnguy wrote:
             | No communist ideology? What was the regime demanding
             | compliance with, do you think? The normalization era was a
             | return to Marxism-Leninism, not a departure from it.
             | 
             | Czechoslovakia in that period had one party politics,
             | justified because multiparty democracy was "bourgeois
             | deviation". It was a state run centrally planned economy,
             | because the left wing don't believe in capitalism or free
             | markets. Officially unemployment didn't exist, because only
             | imperialist capitalist right wing economies had
             | unemployment. Party membership and associated ideological
             | compliance was required for any important role. Culture was
             | censored, people were imprisoned by ideology police.
             | 
             | It is bizarre to claim that the USSR was not ideological.
             | It collapsed because it was pure ideology in defiance of
             | reality.
             | 
             | The reason the USSR kept people behind a wall is because
             | they were able to mentally justify it to themselves within
             | the framework of their far left ideology. They viewed the
             | west as corrupt and, more importantly, full of corrupting
             | ideas. They were just much more committed to winning the
             | propaganda war than a place like Venezuela is because their
             | worldview was formed at the end of the Victorian era when
             | travel and communication was much more easily restricted.
             | Maduro's socialist worldview was formed much later, when
             | the idea of preventing Venezuelans having access to
             | capitalist ideas would have seemed much more ridiculous.
        
               | Squarex wrote:
               | Of course there was a state ideology. Just the majority
               | of the society and even the party did not actually
               | believe it. There was a saying that there was more
               | communists at a western university than in the whole
               | Czechoslovakia
        
               | Dansvidania wrote:
               | Are you Czech or Slovak to be able to speak with this
               | much confidence?
               | 
               | I have spent 13 years in Czech Republic, admittedly after
               | the curtain fell, and I can tell you for a fact that they
               | were "communist" because otherwise tanks.
               | 
               | You can see the relationship they had with the ideology
               | in pretty much any sliver of cultural material from the
               | period and after.
        
       | Mikhail_Edoshin wrote:
       | There were many "escapes", some weren't so romantic. E.g. for
       | some escapees the drive to what they viewed as freedom was so
       | intense that they did not hesitate to kill someone, e.g. a
       | stewardess on a hijacked plane.
       | 
       | To see a bigger picture let's juxtapose these escapes with the
       | life of Luke of Simferopol (N. F. Voyno-Yasenetsky). He was a
       | surgeon and a bishop of the Orthodox church. He opposed the anti-
       | church policies of the Soviet government, was sent into an exile
       | into Siberia and nearly died there. Then the war came. So he
       | wrote a letter to Soviet officials asking to be sent to work in a
       | hospital near the front, where his surgical skills would be of
       | much use. At the end he added: "When the war is over I'm ready to
       | go back to exile".
        
       | kstenerud wrote:
       | What's scary is that Russia plans to do this again.
       | 
       | But not that surprising when you look at Russian history.
        
         | cbdevidal wrote:
         | Collectivism: Ideas so good, they're mandatory
        
           | immibis wrote:
           | Political buzzword du jour: every dictatorship ever.
           | 
           | You know there isn't an ideology called collectivism, right?
        
       | Nora23 wrote:
       | How long did it take them to plan this escape?
        
         | mkl wrote:
         | From the second sentence, "over a year and a half of
         | preparations". The third paragraph gives a starting agreement
         | date of 7 March 1978, and the successful flight was 16
         | September 1979.
        
       | reflexe wrote:
       | My favorite east Germany escape stories is the escape is train
       | driver's Harry Deterling, that just drove the train into wall
       | (which was not fully a wall by then if I understood correctly)
       | https://www.chronik-der-mauer.de/en/chronicle/_year1961/_mon...
        
       | tim333 wrote:
       | So much havoc caused by having a fascist/communist government in
       | Russia, from partnering with Hitler to start WW2, through this
       | stuff to Ukraine and it seems about half the evil in the world. I
       | hope they fall one day and turn to something normal.
        
       | api wrote:
       | Other than North Korea, are there still countries that are
       | literal prisons that you can't leave?
       | 
       | It's astounding to me that this was a thing. The fact that it's
       | so rare now is one of the quiet ways we have in fact progressed.
        
         | olelele wrote:
         | I spoke with the people working at a German resort in Tunisia.
         | I was there for a short stint as sound tech. The only way out
         | of the country is smuggling. You don't get permission to leave
         | if you're of working age and can contribute to the economy.
        
         | immibis wrote:
         | The USA doesn't literally prevent you from leaving, but it uses
         | its unique control of the global banking system to still tax
         | you when you move to another country.
        
       | PeterStuer wrote:
       | Hast du etwas Zeit fur mich?
        
       | throw310822 wrote:
       | Since then, the trust of wives in their husbands' weekend
       | projects has dropped considerably.
        
       | MarkusWandel wrote:
       | What is just awesome, to a tinkerer, is the great can-do spirit
       | people had then. You couldn't buy it, so you made it yourself.
       | They were going to do a helicopter, but for the lack of a
       | suitable engine. As if the rest was just a solved problem, and
       | may well have been, given the background of one of them.
       | 
       | And then to build a working hot air balloon that even looks
       | pretty cool, entirely in clandestine conditions with improvised
       | materials. In a museum in Germany you can even see a homemade
       | twin-engine airplane that was planned for an escape attempt (that
       | didn't happen, maybe just as well) (
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wagner_DOWA_81 ). Just incredible
       | technical competence everywhere, that fades when the _need_ is
       | gone, when absolutely everything you could want is just an Amazon
       | order away.
        
         | alt227 wrote:
         | I feel like hard situations force people to adapt. This was not
         | a unique time in history, it continues today in warzones and
         | places like Ukraine. It is only a few comfortable western
         | countires who have such comfort of everything being a click and
         | 1 days delivery away.
        
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