[HN Gopher] Apple is fighting for TSMC capacity as Nvidia takes ...
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       Apple is fighting for TSMC capacity as Nvidia takes center stage
        
       Author : speckx
       Score  : 487 points
       Date   : 2026-01-15 15:02 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.culpium.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.culpium.com)
        
       | outside1234 wrote:
       | Ha! Well if it isn't karma that has come for Apple.
       | 
       | (Apple is well known for shoving "lesser vendors" out of the way
       | at TSMC)
        
         | ericmay wrote:
         | Is it _karma_ or is it just normal business activities? When
         | you 're a large player like this you get pricing power. If
         | another large player moves in and also has pricing power then
         | negotiations and things like that take place. Business deals,
         | profits, &c. all ebb and flow and this is no different.
        
           | outside1234 wrote:
           | It is just normal business. At the end of the day money talks
           | -- and only Nvidia has more money than Apple -- for now.
        
         | cowsandmilk wrote:
         | Apple doesn't operate the fab, TSMC does. Apple doesn't shove
         | anyone out of the way, TSMC makes those decisions. It is weird
         | to blame Apple.
        
         | landl0rd wrote:
         | Weird take. If you want to undertake approximately a bajillion
         | dollars in capex to prove out and scale up a new node, it is
         | extremely to have one massive, anchor customer who will promise
         | well in advance to offtake basically the entire thing for a bit
         | and who has creditworthiness exceeded by few non-sovereign
         | entities, and thus is able to write contracts against which it
         | is easy to lend. Also this customer makes little chips (when
         | your defect rate is higher) and bigger chips (when your defect
         | rate is lower). Of course you don't try to synthesize this
         | profile out of a bajillion tiny customers.
        
         | knowitnone3 wrote:
         | so if you win an ebay auction, did you shove "lesser people"
         | out of the way?
        
       | 2OEH8eoCRo0 wrote:
       | Hey Apple, how does it feel?
        
         | knowitnone3 wrote:
         | feels pretty good. thanks for asking
        
           | hu3 wrote:
           | customers will pay the bill so it doesn't matter
        
       | mikelitoris wrote:
       | How the turn tables
        
       | webdevver wrote:
       | applesisters...
        
         | linkage wrote:
         | You could at least link to a Satania pic
        
       | Fiveplus wrote:
       | Calling Nvidia niche feels a bit wild given their status-quo
       | right now, but from a foundry perspective, it seems true. Apple
       | is the anchor tenant that keeps the lights on across 12 different
       | mature and leading-edge fabs.
       | 
       | Nvidia is the high-frequency trader hammering the newest node
       | until the arb closes. Stability usually trades at a discount
       | during a boom, but Wei knows the smartphone replacement cycle is
       | the only predictable cash flow. Apple is smart. If the AI capex
       | cycle flattens in late '27 as models hit diminishing returns,
       | does Apple regain pricing power simply by being the only customer
       | that can guarantee wafer commits five years out?
        
         | rafterydj wrote:
         | I tend to agree with you, feels to me like the root of this is
         | essentially whether foundries will "go all in" on AI like the
         | rest of the S&P 500. But why trade away one trillion-dollar
         | customer for another trillion-dollar customer if the first one
         | is never going away, and the second one might?
        
           | Fiveplus wrote:
           | I think it is less of a trade and more of a symbiotic capital
           | cycle, if I can call it that?
           | 
           | Nvidia's willingness to pay exorbitant prices for early 2nm
           | wafers subsidizes the R&D and the brutal yield-learning curve
           | for the entire node. But you can't run a sustainable gigafab
           | solely on GPUs...the defect density math is too punishing.
           | You need a high-volume, smaller-die customer (Apple) to come
           | in 18 months later, soak up the remaining 90% of capacity and
           | amortize that depreciation schedule over a decade.
        
             | alex43578 wrote:
             | Isn't the smaller die aspect more valuable early in the
             | node's maturity, where defects are less punishing?
        
               | Fiveplus wrote:
               | That is the traditional textbook yield curve logic, if
               | I'm not wrong? Smaller area = higher probability of a
               | surviving die on a dirty wafer. But I wonder if the sheer
               | margin on AI silicon basically breaks that rule? If
               | Nvidia can sell a reticle-sized package for 25k-30k USD,
               | they might be perfectly happy paying for a wafer that
               | only yields 30-40% good dies.
               | 
               | Apple OTOH operates at consumer electronics price points.
               | They need mature yields (>90%) to make the unit economics
               | of an iPhone work. There's also the binning factor I am
               | curious about. Nvidia can disable 10% of the cores on a
               | defective GPU and sell it as a lower SKU. Does Apple have
               | that same flexibility with a mobile SoC where the thermal
               | or power envelope is so tightly coupled to the battery
               | size?
        
               | genocidicbunny wrote:
               | I am curious about the binning factor too since in the
               | past, AMD and Intel have both made use of defect binning
               | to still sell usable chips by disabling cores. Perhaps
               | Apple is able to do the same with their SoCs? It's not
               | likely to be as granular as Nvidia who can disable much
               | smaller areas of the silicon for each of their cores. On
               | the other hand, the specifics of the silicon and the
               | layout of the individual cores, not to mention the spread
               | of defects over the die might mitigate that advantage.
        
               | ricw wrote:
               | They do bin their chips. Across the range (A- and
               | M-series) they have the same chip with fewer / disabled
               | cpu and gpu cores. You pray a premium for ones with more
               | cores. Unsure about the chip frequencies - Apple doesn't
               | disclose those openly from what I know.
        
               | nebula8804 wrote:
               | I thought they binned CPUs for things like AppleTV and
               | lower cost iPads?
        
               | jsheard wrote:
               | Yeah, most of their chips have two or more bins with
               | different core configs, and the lower bins probably use
               | salvaged dies.
               | 
               | For example the regular M4 can have 4 P-cores / 6 E-cores
               | / 10 GPU cores, or 3/6/10 cores, or 4/4/8 cores,
               | depending on the device.
               | 
               | They even do it on the smaller A-series chips - the A15
               | could be 2/4/5, 2/4/4, or 2/3/5.
        
               | alex43578 wrote:
               | With current AI pricing for silicon, I think the math's
               | gone out the window.
               | 
               | For Apple, they have binning flexibility, with
               | Pro/Max/Ultra, all the way down to iPads - and that's
               | after the node yields have been improved via the
               | gazillion iPhone SoC dies.
               | 
               | NVIDIAs flexibility came from using some of those binned
               | dies for GeForce cards, but the VRAM situation is clearly
               | making that less important, as they're cutting some of
               | those SKUs for being too vram heavy relative to MSRP.
        
               | wtallis wrote:
               | > For Apple, they have binning flexibility, with
               | Pro/Max/Ultra, all the way down to iPads
               | 
               | The Pro and Max chips are _different dies_ , and the
               | Ultra currently isn't even the same generation as the
               | Max. And the iPads have never used any of those larger
               | dies.
               | 
               | > NVIDIAs flexibility came from using some of those
               | binned dies for GeForce cards
               | 
               | NVIDIA's datacenter chips don't even have display
               | outputs, and have little to no fixed-function graphics
               | hardware (raster and raytracing units), and entirely
               | different memory PHYs (none of NVIDIA's consumer cards
               | have ever used HBM).
        
               | seanmcdirmid wrote:
               | There are levels inside pro, max, and ultra that might be
               | the product of binning?
        
               | sgjohnson wrote:
               | "Ultra" isn't even binned - it's just 2x "Max" chips
               | connected together.
               | 
               | Otherwise, yes, if a chip doesn't make M4 Max, it can
               | make M4 Pro. If not, M4. If not, A18 Pro. If not that,
               | A18.
               | 
               | And even all of the above mentioned marketing names come
               | in different core configurations. M4 Max can be 14 CPU
               | Cores / 32 GPU cores, and it can also be 16 CPU cores and
               | 40 GPU cores.
               | 
               | So yeah, I'd agree that Apple has _extreme_ binning
               | flexibility. It's likely also the reason why we got A19 /
               | A19 Pro / M5 first, and we still don't have M5 Pro or M5
               | Max yet. Yields not high enough for M5 Max yet.
               | 
               | Unfortunately I don't think they bin down even lower
               | (say, to S chips used in Apple Watches), but maybe in the
               | future they will.
               | 
               | In retrospect, Apple ditching Intel was truly a
               | gamechanging move. They didn't even have to troll
               | everyone by putting an Intel i9 into a chassis that
               | couldn't even cool an i7 to boost the comparison figures,
               | but I guess they had to hedge their bet.
        
               | wtallis wrote:
               | > yes, if a chip doesn't make M4 Max, it can make M4 Pro.
               | If not, M4. If not, A18 Pro. If not that, A18.
               | 
               | No, that's entirely wrong. All of those are different
               | dies. The larger chips wouldn't even _fit_ in phones, or
               | most iPad motherboards, and I 'm not sure a M4 Max or M4
               | Pro SoC package could even fit in a MacBook Air.
               | 
               | As a general rule, if you think a company might ever be
               | selling a piece of silicon with _more than half_ of it
               | disabled, you 're probably wrong and need to re-check
               | your facts and assumptions.
        
               | seanmcdirmid wrote:
               | No, I think you have it wrong.
               | 
               | There are two levels of Max Chip, but think of a Max as
               | two pros on die (this is simplification, you can also
               | think of as pro as being two normal cores tied together),
               | so a bad max can't be binned into a pro. But a high-spec
               | Max can be binned into a low-spec Max.
        
               | alex43578 wrote:
               | They're binning within those product lines - both NVIDIA
               | and Apple.
               | 
               | Not binning an M4 Max for an iPhone, but an M4 Pro with a
               | few GPU or CPU cores disabled is clearly a thing.
               | 
               | Same for NVIDIA. The 4080 is a 4090 die with some SMs
               | disabled.
        
               | wtallis wrote:
               | > The 4080 is a 4090 die with some SMs disabled.
               | 
               | The desktop 4090 uses the AD102 die, the laptop 4090 and
               | desktop 4080 use the AD103 die, and the laptop 4080 uses
               | the AD104 die. I'm not at all denying that binning is a
               | thing, but you and other commenters are exaggerating the
               | extent of it and underestimating how many separate dies
               | are designed to span a wide product line like GPUs or
               | Apple's computers/tablets/phones.
        
               | atq2119 wrote:
               | Datacenter GPU dies cannot be binned for Geforce because
               | they lack fixed function graphics features. Raytracing
               | acceleration in particular must be non-trivial area that
               | you wouldn't want to spend on a datacenter die. Not to
               | mention the data fabric is probably pretty different.
        
               | alex43578 wrote:
               | I'm not saying their binning between data center and
               | 3060s, but within gaming and between gaming and RTX Pro
               | cards, there's binning.
               | 
               | As you cut SMs from a die you move from the 3090 down the
               | stack, for instance. That's yield management right there.
        
               | touisteur wrote:
               | The A40, L40S and Blackwell 6000 Pro Server have RT
               | cores. 3 datacenter GPUs.
               | 
               | If you want binning in action, the RTX ones other than
               | the top ones, are it. Look for the A30 too, of which I
               | was surprised there was no successor. Either they had
               | better yields on Hopper or they didn't get enough from
               | the A30...
        
           | alt227 wrote:
           | Why are foundries going 'All In' on AI? They fab chips for
           | customers, doesnt matter what chips they are and who the
           | customer is.'Who will pay the most for us to make their chips
           | first' is the only question TMSC will be asking. The market
           | of the customer is irrelevant.
        
         | epolanski wrote:
         | Regardless of that, fab industry is based on a short and mid
         | term auction-like planning.
         | 
         | If Nvidia pays more, Apple has to match.
        
           | swiftcoder wrote:
           | > Regardless of that, fab industry is based on a short and
           | mid term auction-like planning
           | 
           | Not a system that necessarily works all that well if one
           | player has a short-term ability to vastly outspending all the
           | rest.
           | 
           | You can't let all your other customers die just because
           | Nvidia is flush with cash this quarter...
        
             | xp84 wrote:
             | > die
             | 
             | Is the argument that Apple will go out of business? AAPL?
             | 
             | Wait,
             | 
             | > one player has a short-term ability to vastly outspending
             | all the rest.
             | 
             | I assure you, Apple has the long-term and short-term
             | ability to spend like a drunken sailor all day and all
             | night, indefinitely, and still not go out of business. Of
             | course they'd _prefer_ not to. But there is no 'ability to
             | pay' gap here between these multi-trillion-dollar
             | companies.
             | 
             | Apple will be forced to match or beat the offer coming from
             | whoever is paying more. It will cost them a little bit of
             | their hilariously-high margins. If they don't, they'll have
             | to build less advanced chips or something. But their
             | survival is not in doubt and TSMC knows that.
        
             | bigyabai wrote:
             | > Not a system that necessarily works all that well if one
             | player has a short-term ability to vastly outspending all
             | the rest.
             | 
             | Well yeah, people were identifying that back when Apple
             | bought out the entirety of the 5nm node for iPhones and
             | e-tchotchkes. It was sorta implicitly assumed that any
             | business that builds better hardware than Apple would boot
             | them out overnight.
        
               | swiftcoder wrote:
               | > It was sorta implicitly assumed that any business that
               | builds better hardware than Apple would boot them out
               | overnight
               | 
               | It's not "build better hardware" though, it's "continue
               | to ship said hardware for X number of years". If someone
               | buys out the entire fab capacity and then goes under next
               | year, TSMC is left holding the bag
        
               | bigyabai wrote:
               | It's not that, either. Low-margin, high-volume contracts
               | are the worst business you can take. It devalues TSMC's
               | work and creates an unnatural downward force on the price
               | of cutting-edge silicon. By ignoring Apple's demands
               | they're creating natural competition that raises the
               | value of their entire portfolio.
               | 
               | It really is about making better hardware. Apple _would_
               | be out-bidding Nvidia right now, but only if the iPhone
               | had equivalent value-add to Nvidia hardware. Alas,
               | iPhones are overpriced and underpowered, most people will
               | agree.
        
             | epolanski wrote:
             | That's exactly how it is supposed to work and Apple has
             | outspent competitors for ages getting prio.
             | 
             | TSMC isn't running a charity, it sells capacity to the
             | highest bidder.
             | 
             | Of course customers as big as Apple will have a
             | relationship and insane volumes that they will be
             | guaranteed important quotes regardless.
        
               | michaelt wrote:
               | Why should it be short term, though?
               | 
               | If it takes 4 years to build a new fab and Apple is
               | willing to commit to paying pay the price of an entire
               | fab, for chips to be delivered in 4 years time - why not
               | take the order and build the capacity?
        
               | epolanski wrote:
               | I mean, these things are likely already written down and
               | Apple still gets lots of capacity for the reasons you
               | mention.
               | 
               | But Nvidia has also spent billions/year in TSMC for more
               | than a decade and this just keeps increasing.
        
         | Bombthecat wrote:
         | I doubt that we will hit diminishing returns in AI. We still
         | find new ways to make them faster or cheaper or better or even
         | train themselves...
         | 
         | The flat line prediction is now 2 years old...
        
           | aaronblohowiak wrote:
           | Feels like top of s curve lately
        
           | eikenberry wrote:
           | I thought the prediction was that the scaling of LLMs making
           | them better would plateau, not that all advancement would
           | stop? And that has pretty much happened as all the
           | advancements over the last year or more have been
           | architectural, not from scaling up.
        
           | sfn42 wrote:
           | You say that, but to me they seem roughly the same as they've
           | been for a good while. Wildly impressive technology, very
           | useful, but also clearly and confidently incorrect a lot.
           | Most of the improvement seems to have come from other avenues
           | - search engine integration, image processing (still blows my
           | mind every time I send a screenshot to a LLM and it gets it)
           | and stuff like that.
           | 
           | Sure maybe they do better in some benchmarks, but to me the
           | experience of using LLMs is and has been limited by their
           | tendency to be confidently incorrect which betrays their
           | illusion of intelligence as well as their usefulness. And I
           | don't really see any clear path to getting past this hurdle,
           | I think this may just be about as good as they're gonna get
           | in that regard. Would be great if they prove me wrong.
        
         | anoojb wrote:
         | So let's say TMSC reciprocated Apple's consistency as a
         | customer by giving them preferential treatment for capacity.
         | It's good business after all.
         | 
         | However, everyone knows that good faith reciprocity at that
         | scale is not rewarded. Apple is ruthless. There are probably
         | thousands of untold stories of how hard Apple has hammered it's
         | suppliers over the years.
         | 
         | While Apple has good consumer brand loyalty, they arguably
         | treat their suppliers relatively poorly compared to the Gold
         | standard like Costco.
        
           | bethekidyouwant wrote:
           | Agreed TSMC can do whatever they want. in 2027 no other fabs
           | will match what tsmc has today, anything that requires the
           | latest process node is going to get more expensive, so your
           | apple silicone and your AMD chips
        
             | high_na_euv wrote:
             | As of today Intel is very around leading node
        
               | girvo wrote:
               | I'll believe it when I see it (at scale). I _hope_ 18A is
               | good enough as competition is good, and a weak Intel is
               | bad for us all.
        
           | Forgeties79 wrote:
           | > they arguably treat their suppliers relatively poorly
           | compared to the Gold standard like Costco.
           | 
           | I'm not saying you're wrong but you're previous paragraph
           | sounding like you were wondering if it was the case vs. here
           | you're saying it's known. Is this all true? Do they have a
           | reputation for hammering their suppliers?
        
             | xp84 wrote:
             | Apple is so notoriously ravenous for profit margin that
             | they can't not be that way.
        
               | Forgeties79 wrote:
               | It felt like a more confident statement and I was
               | legitimately asking. I have little love for Apple.
               | Ditched my Mac Studio earlier this year for a Linux only
               | build after 20 years of being on Macs. I say this because
               | I think folks think I am trying to sealion/"just ask
               | questions:tm:" or some nonsense, when I am legitimately
               | asking if this is a documented practice and what the
               | extent is. I am not finding it easy to find info on this.
        
             | bigyabai wrote:
             | Apple dealt exclusively with Chinese labor prices until
             | they were directly threatened by the POTUS. You tell me.
        
               | yurishimo wrote:
               | I got a bridge to sell you if you think that Apple is
               | going to bring any of their manufacturing to the US...
        
               | bigyabai wrote:
               | I've seen the leaked BOMs, I'm not dumb enough to think
               | that Americans can match it.
        
               | savorypiano wrote:
               | Where do you find the leaked BOMs?
        
               | bigyabai wrote:
               | RedNote usually, before it's deleted.
        
               | godzillabrennus wrote:
               | It would be a $6000 phone if they built it in America.
        
               | WillPostForFood wrote:
               | https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c86jx18y9e2o
               | 
               | Apple has responded and has started moving a lot of
               | manufacturing out of China. It just makes sense for risk
               | management.
        
               | mullingitover wrote:
               | Well, from your article:
               | 
               | > China will remain the country of origin for the vast
               | majority of total products sold outside the US, he added.
               | 
               | And international sales are a solid majority of Apple's
               | revenue.
        
               | Forgeties79 wrote:
               | From your article:
               | 
               | > Meanwhile, Vietnam will be the chief manufacturing hub
               | "for almost all iPad, Mac, Apple Watch and AirPods
               | product sold in the US".
               | 
               | > We do expect the majority of iPhones sold in US will
               | have India as their country of origin," Mr Cook said.
               | 
               | Still not made in the US and no plan to change that. They
               | will be selling products made in India/Vietnam
               | domestically and products made in China internationally.
               | 
               | The tariffs are not bringing these jobs home.
        
           | boringg wrote:
           | Counter argument is that is NVIDIA friendly to their supply
           | chain? I have to think that maybe they are with their massive
           | margins because they can be - their end buyer is currently
           | willing to absorb costs at no expense. But I don't know, and
           | that will change as their business changes.
           | 
           | Your underlying statement implies that whoever is replacing
           | apple is a better buyer which I don't think is necessarily
           | true.
        
             | marcosdumay wrote:
             | If your customers are known to be antagonistic to business
             | partners, the correct answer is to diversify them as much
             | as you can, even at reasonable costs from anything else.
             | 
             | That means deprioritizing your largest customer.
        
               | boringg wrote:
               | Fair I feel like that also speaks to nation+states trade
               | policy.
               | 
               | Also theres the devil you know and the devil you dont
               | know.
        
               | simonh wrote:
               | Yep, you can be close allies with a nation and have many
               | shared interests, and even a trade deficit with them as
               | we in Britain did, and then they stab you in the back
               | with tariffs.
        
             | Y-bar wrote:
             | > EVGA Terminates Relationship With Nvidia, Leaves GPU
             | Business
             | 
             | > According to Han, Nvidia has been difficult to work with
             | for some time now. Like all other GPU board partners, EVGA
             | is only told the price of new products when they're
             | revealed to everyone on stage, making planning difficult
             | when launches occur soon after. Nvidia also has tight
             | control over the pricing of GPUs, limiting what partners
             | can do to differentiate themselves in a competitive market.
             | 
             | https://www.gamespot.com/articles/evga-terminates-
             | relationsh...
        
               | boringg wrote:
               | So not favorable to apple as a buyer.
        
               | Y-bar wrote:
               | Funnily enough Apple and Nvidia has old beef with one
               | another, this especially led them to sever ties:
               | 
               | https://www.semiaccurate.com/2010/07/11/investigation-
               | confir...
        
             | philistine wrote:
             | Nvidia is famously a pain to work with. Apple vowed never
             | to use their chips, Microsoft and Sony can't get them to
             | make any GPU for their consoles.
             | 
             | The only complete package integrator that manages to make a
             | relationship work with Nvidia is Nintendo.
        
               | randall wrote:
               | I think that works out tremendously well for Nintendo,
               | especially when you look at the Wii-U vs the Switch.
               | 
               | I shot a video at CNET in probably 2011 which was a
               | single touchscreen display (i think it was the APX 2500
               | prototype iirc?) and it has the precise dimensions to the
               | switch 1.
               | 
               | Nintendo was reluctantly a hardware company... they're a
               | game company who can make hardware, but they know they're
               | best when they own the stack.
        
               | 7speter wrote:
               | > The only complete package integrator that manages to
               | make a relationship work with Nvidia is Nintendo.
               | 
               | And thats probably because Nintendo isn't adding any
               | pressure to neither TSMC nor Nvidia capacity wise; iirc
               | Nintendo uses something like Maxwell or Pascal on really
               | mature processes for Switch chips/socs.
        
               | Macha wrote:
               | And also the Switch 1 was just the hardware for a nvidia
               | shield tablet from nVidia's perspective, without the
               | downside of managing the customer facing side and with
               | the greater volume from Nintendo's market reach. (Not
               | that it wasn't more than that for consumers or Nintendo,
               | just talking nvidia here)
        
           | Aurornis wrote:
           | At this scale and volume, it's not really about good faith.
           | 
           | Changing fabs is non-trivial. If they pushed Apple to a point
           | where they had to find an alternative (which is another
           | story) and Apple did switch, they would have to work extra
           | hard to get them back in the future. Apple wouldn't want to
           | invest twice in changing back and forth.
           | 
           | On the other hand, TSMC knows that changing fabs is not
           | really an option and Apple doesn't want to do it anyway, so
           | they have leverage to squeeze.
           | 
           | At this level, everyone knows it's just business and it comes
           | down to optimizing long-term risk/reward for each party.
        
             | CodeWriter23 wrote:
             | Apple is the company that just over 10 years ago made a
             | strategic move to remove Intel from their supply chain by
             | purchasing a semiconductor firm and licensing ARM. Managing
             | 'painful' transitions is a core competency of theirs.
        
               | wtallis wrote:
               | Which acquisition are you referring to? Apple bought PA
               | Semi in 2008 and Intrinsity in 2010.
        
               | Zafira wrote:
               | I think you're correct that they're good at just ripping
               | the band-aid off, but the details seem off. AFAIK, Apple
               | has _always_ had a license with ARM and a very unique one
               | since they were one of the initial investors when it was
               | spun out from Acorn. In fact, my understanding is that
               | Apple is the one that insisted they call themselves
               | Advanced RISC Machines Ltd. because they did not want
               | Acorn (a competitor) in the name of a company they were
               | investing in.
        
             | philistine wrote:
             | Apple has used both Samsung and TSMC for its chips in the
             | past. Until the A7 it was Samsung, A8 was TSMC, and the A9
             | was dual-sourced by both! Apple is used to switching
             | between suppliers fairly often for a tech company; it's not
             | that it's too hard for them to switch fab, it's that TSMC
             | is the only competitive fab right now.
             | 
             | There are rumours that Intel might have won some business
             | from them in 2 years. I could totally see Apple turning to
             | Intel for the Mac chips, since they're much lower volume. I
             | know it sounds crazy, we just got rid of Intel, but I'm
             | talking using Intel as a fab, not going back to x86. Those
             | are done.
        
               | lukan wrote:
               | But wasn't the reason they split with Samsung because
               | they copied the iphone in the perspective of Jobs (to
               | which he reacted with thermonuclear threats)?
               | 
               | They did had the expertise building it after all. What
               | would happen, if TSMC now would build a M1 clone? I doubt
               | this is a way anyone wants to go, but it seems a implied
               | threat to me that is calculated in.
        
               | thewebguyd wrote:
               | Job's thermonuclear threats were about Android & Google,
               | not Samsung because Schmidt was on Apple's board during
               | the development of Android.
               | 
               | > "I will spend my last dying breath if I need to, and I
               | will spend every penny of Apple's $40 billion in the
               | bank, to right this wrong. I'm going to destroy Android,
               | because it's a stolen product. I'm willing to go
               | thermonuclear war on this."
               | 
               | The falling out with Samsung was related, but more about
               | the physical look of the phone
        
               | fragmede wrote:
               | Doesn't seem likely, TBH. Nevermind the legal agreements
               | they would be violating, TSMC fabs Qualcomm's Snapdragon
               | line of ARM processors. The M1 is good, but not _that_
               | good (it 's a couple generations old by this point, for
               | one). Samsung had a phone line of their own to put it in
               | as well. TSMC does not.
        
               | chippiewill wrote:
               | I thought Intel was too far behind on their process
               | nodes?
        
               | wtallis wrote:
               | At the end of the month, laptops with Intel's latest
               | processors will start shipping. These use Intel's 18A
               | process for the CPU chiplet. That makes Intel the first
               | fab to ship a process using backside power delivery.
               | There's no third party testing yet to verify if Intel is
               | still far behind TSMC when power, performance and die
               | size are all considered, but Intel is definitely making
               | progress, and their execs have been promising more for
               | the future, such as their 14A process.
        
             | 7speter wrote:
             | I would imagine they could split their orders between
             | different fabricators; they can put in orders for the most
             | cutting edge chips for the latest Macs and iPhones at TSMC
             | and go elsewhere for less cutting edge chips?
        
               | fsckboy wrote:
               | presumably they already do that (since non cutting edge
               | chip fab is likely to be more competitive and less
               | expensive) so, given they are already doing that, this
               | problem refers to the cutting edge allocations which are
               | getting scare as exemplified at least by Nvidia's growth
        
             | MBCook wrote:
             | Not all of Apple's chips need to be fabbed at the smallest
             | size, those could certainly go elsewhere. I'm sure they
             | already do.
             | 
             | Is there anyone who can match TSMC at this point for the
             | top of the line M or A chips? Even if Intel was ready and
             | Apple wanted to would they be able to supply even 10% of
             | what Apple needs for the yearly iPhone supply?
        
             | jongjong wrote:
             | It's ridiculous that a trillion dollar company feels
             | beholden to a supplier. With that kind of money, it should
             | be trivial to switch. People forget Nvidia didn't even
             | exist 35 years ago. It would probably take like 3 to 5
             | years to catch up with the benefit of hindsight and
             | existing talent and tools?
             | 
             | And anyway consumers don't really need beefy devices
             | nowadays. Running local LLM on a smartphone is a terrible
             | idea due to battery life and no graphics card; AI is going
             | to be running on servers for quite some time if not
             | forever.
             | 
             | It's almost as if there is a constant war to suppress
             | engineer wages... That's the only variable being affected
             | here which could benefit from increased competition.
             | 
             | If tech sector is so anti-competitive, the government
             | should just seize it and nationalize it. It's not
             | capitalism when these megacorps put all this superficial
             | pressure but end up making deals all the time. We need more
             | competition, no deals! If they don't have competition,
             | might as well have communism.
        
               | cgio wrote:
               | It can be interpreted a different way too. Apple is just
               | a channel for TSMCs technology. Also the cost to build a
               | fab that advanced, in say a 3 year horizon, let alone
               | immediately available, is not one even Apple can commit
               | to without cannibalising its core business.
        
               | weslleyskah wrote:
               | I know you are maybe joking but I don't think the
               | government nationalizing the tech sector would be a good
               | idea. They can pull down the salaries even more if they
               | want. It can become a dead end job with you stuck on
               | archaic technology from older systems.
               | 
               | Government jobs should only be an option if there are
               | enough social benefits.
        
               | jongjong wrote:
               | I'm joking yes but as an engineer who has seen the
               | bureaucracy in most big tech companies, the joke is
               | getting less funny over time.
               | 
               | I've met many software engineers who call themselves
               | communists. I can kind of understand. This kind of
               | communist-like bureaucracy doesn't work well in a
               | capitalist environment.
               | 
               | It's painful to work in tech. It's like our hands are
               | tied and are forced to do things in a way we know is
               | inefficient. Companies use 'security' as an excuse to
               | restrict options (tools and platforms), treat engineers
               | as replaceable cogs as an alternative to trusting them to
               | do their job properly... And the companies harvest what
               | they sow. They get reliable cogs, well versed in
               | compliance and groupthink and also coincidentally full-
               | blown communists; they're the only engineers remaining
               | who actually enjoy the insane bureaucracy and the social
               | climbing opportunities it represents given the lack of
               | talent.
        
               | weslleyskah wrote:
               | I understand completely.
               | 
               | I'm going through a computer engineering degree at the
               | moment, but I am thinking about pursuing Law later on.
               | 
               | Looking at other paths: Medicine requires expensive
               | schooling and isn't really an option after a certain age
               | and law, on the other hand, opened its doors too widely
               | and now has a large underclass of people with third-tier
               | law degrees.
               | 
               | Perhaps you can try to accept the realities of the system
               | while trying to live the best life that you can?
               | 
               | Psyching yourself all the way, trying to find some sort
               | of escape towards a good life with freedom later on...
        
           | dheera wrote:
           | No public company will be loyal or nice to their suppliers.
           | That is just not in the playbook for public companies. They
           | have "fiduciary duty", not human duty.
           | 
           | Private companies can be nice to their suppliers. Owners can
           | choose to stay loyal to suppliers they went to high school
           | with, even if it isn't the most cost-efficient.
        
           | hinkley wrote:
           | Apple loaned TSMC money in order to build manufacturing
           | capacity back around the M1 era. They've done that for a
           | number of suppliers and the "interest payments" were priority
           | access to capacity. Everyone was complaining about how Apple
           | got ARM chips while others had to wait in line.
           | 
           | That said, they did that for a sapphire glass supplier for
           | the Apple Watch and when their machines had QC problems they
           | dropped them like a rock and went back to Corning.
           | 
           | But is that really any different from any other supplier? And
           | who tf do you think they're going to drop TSMC _for_ right
           | now? They are the cock of the walk.
        
             | bigyabai wrote:
             | > And who tf do you think they're going to drop TSMC for
             | right now?
             | 
             | Don't look now: https://www.macrumors.com/2025/11/28/intel-
             | rumored-to-supply...
        
           | leoc wrote:
           | Even if Apple isn't very good at reciprocating faithful
           | service from its suppliers, there's also the matter of how it
           | treats suppliers who cause it problems instead.
        
           | boplicity wrote:
           | Suppliers really hate working with Costco. They're slow to
           | pay, allow for only small margins, and often need too high of
           | a percentage of a businesses revenue, all of which is not
           | friendly towards suppliers.
        
           | sellmesoap wrote:
           | About 17 years ago I worked at a company that was clamoring
           | to get products into Costco, when we did I was shocked at the
           | fees they charged us for returns. If they're the gold
           | standard for supplier relations it's a wonder anyone bothers
           | being a supplier.
        
         | apercu wrote:
         | "Apple is smart. If the AI capex cycle flattens in late '27 as
         | models hit diminishing returns, does Apple regain pricing power
         | simply by being the only customer that can guarantee wafer
         | commits five years out?"
         | 
         | That's the take I would pursue if I were Apple.
         | 
         | A quiet threat of "We buy wafers on consumer demand curves.
         | You're selling them on venture capital and hype"
        
           | bigyabai wrote:
           | Nvidia is not a venture capital outlet. They are a self-
           | sustaining business with several high-margin customers that
           | will buy out their whole product line faster than any iPhone
           | or Mac.
           | 
           | From TSMC's perspective, Apple is the one that needs
           | financial assistance. If they wanted the wafers more than
           | Nvidia, they'd be paying more. But they don't.
        
             | toasterlovin wrote:
             | > several high-margin customers
             | 
             | This is the "venture capital and hype" being referred to,
             | not Nvidia themselves.
        
               | apercu wrote:
               | Thanks. I didn't think my comment was super nuanced.
        
               | bigyabai wrote:
               | But Nvidia has had high-profile industry partners for
               | decades. Nintendo isn't "venture capital and hype" nor is
               | PC gaming and HPC datacenter workloads.
               | 
               | That line is purified cope.
        
               | toasterlovin wrote:
               | But Nvidia wasn't able to compete with Apple for capacity
               | on new process nodes with Nintendo volumes (the concept
               | is laughable; compare Apple device unit volumes to game
               | console unit volumes). What has changed in the
               | semiconductor industry is overwhelming demand for AI
               | focused GPUs, and that is paid for largely with
               | speculative VC money (at this point, at least; AI
               | companies are starting to figure out monetization).
        
           | Tuna-Fish wrote:
           | Why should that change TSMC decision making even a little?
           | 
           | The reality is that TSMC has no competition capable of
           | shipping an equivalent product. If AI fizzles out completely,
           | the only way Apple can choose to not use TSMC is if they
           | decide to ship an inferior product.
           | 
           | A world where TSMC drains all the venture capital out of all
           | the AI startups, using NVidia as an intermediary, and then
           | all the bubble pops and they all go under is a perfectly
           | happy place for TSMC. In these market conditions they are
           | asking cash upfront. The worst that can happen is that they
           | overbuild capacity using other people's money that they don't
           | have to pay back, leaving them in an even more dominant
           | position in the crash that follows.
        
             | apercu wrote:
             | Because apple can play hard(er) ball in 12 or 18 or 24
             | months when this (likely) irrational spend spree dies?
             | 
             | Business is a little more nuanced than this audience
             | thinks, and it's silly to think Apple has no leverage.
        
         | 827a wrote:
         | I would also bet significant money that Apple's unique market
         | position will give them the confidence to invest in in-house
         | fabrication before 2030.
        
           | eschneider wrote:
           | Very much this.
        
           | paulmist wrote:
           | Would it be feasible for them to buy Intel instead? Starting
           | your own foundry would likely take over a decade.
        
             | 827a wrote:
             | Yup; or potentially just purchasing a fab from them, given
             | that Intel has signaled they want to leverage TSMC more,
             | and much of Intel's remaining value is wrapped up in
             | server-grade chips that Apple wouldn't be interested in.
             | 
             | But also; Apple is one of the very few companies at their
             | size that seems to have the political environment to make,
             | and more importantly succeed, at decade investments. The
             | iPhone wasn't an obvious success for 5 or 6 years. They
             | started designing their own iPhone chips ~the iPhone 4
             | iirc, and pundits remarked: this isn't a good idea; today,
             | the M5 in the iPad Pro outperforms every chip made by
             | EVERYONE else in the world, by 25%, at a tenth the power
             | draw and no active cooling (e.g. 9950X3D). Apple Maps
             | (enough said). We're seeing similar investments today,
             | things we could call "failures" that in 10 years we'll
             | think were _obviously_ going to be successful (cough vision
             | pro).
        
         | Spooky23 wrote:
         | Apple has to price in the risk of the US government forcing
         | their hand in various ways. They have a negotiating
         | disadvantage.
        
         | onion2k wrote:
         | Nvidia have been using TSMC since the Riva 128. That's before
         | Apple started making any of their own silicon. GPUs are easily
         | as predictable as mobile phones.
        
           | AceJohnny2 wrote:
           | > _GPUs are easily as predictable as mobile phones_
           | 
           | They really, absolutely, are not.
           | 
           | It's not about "will there be a new hardware", it's about "is
           | their order quantity predictable"
        
         | kelnos wrote:
         | On the other hand, it's not like Apple can just switch fabs
         | without any cost or difficulty. Sure, TSMC is undoubtedly happy
         | to have a customer with predictable needs, but Apple is also
         | subject to some level of lock-in.
        
         | jonas21 wrote:
         | AI capex may or may not flatten in the near future (and I don't
         | necessarily see a reason why it would). But smartphone capex
         | already has.
         | 
         | Like smartphones, AI chips also have a replacement cycle. AI
         | chips depreciate quickly -- not because the old ones go bad,
         | but because the new ones are so much better in performance and
         | efficiency than the previous generation. While smartphones
         | aren't making huge leaps every year like they used to, AI chips
         | still are -- meaning there's a stronger incentive to upgrade
         | every cycle for these chips than smartphone processors.
        
           | chuckadams wrote:
           | > AI chips depreciate quickly -- not because the old ones go
           | bad
           | 
           | I've heard that it's exactly that, reports of them burning
           | out every 2-3 years. Haven't seen any hard numbers though.
        
             | TeMPOraL wrote:
             | Lifetime curve is something they can control. If they can
             | predict replacement rate, makes sense to make chips go bad
             | on the same schedule, saving on manufacturing costs.
        
       | WD-42 wrote:
       | Karma's a bit.
        
         | knowitnone3 wrote:
         | not a word?
        
       | etempleton wrote:
       | Explains why Apple is looking to diversify their fabs with Intel.
       | If Intel can stay on their current trajectory and become a
       | legitimate alternative they will do very well as a fab with
       | additional available capacity.
        
         | bilekas wrote:
         | Maybe I missed something but aren't Intel looking to wind down
         | some of their production ?
        
           | alex43578 wrote:
           | The key here is Intel is expanding the idea of operating
           | their fab for an external customer (foundry services). What
           | they're doing with specific fabs or processes is less
           | important relative to their bigger emphasis on working for a
           | client like Apple.
        
           | coder543 wrote:
           | Not that I've heard. I searched and I see nothing. Where has
           | Intel said they are winding down chip fabrication?
        
             | bilekas wrote:
             | I'm thinking back to over the summer, they were reducing
             | their work force and changing the previous CEO's direction.
             | 
             | https://www.manufacturingdive.com/news/intel-
             | layoffs-25-perc...
        
               | etempleton wrote:
               | In some areas they may be shifting resources. But a lot
               | has happened since last summer. They have received some
               | cash infusions and 18a is in full production with yields,
               | apparently, at acceptable levels. Rumors are Apple has
               | already signed on.
        
               | bilekas wrote:
               | Ah okay, that's good news actually, would love to see
               | Intel growing more. I know I'm rooting for their GPU
               | range too.
        
               | BeetleB wrote:
               | New CEO said he'll continue with Foundry provided he gets
               | significant customers to justify the cost. In a recent
               | comment/press release, Intel said they are continuing
               | production on 14A. Ergo, they have external customers (or
               | Trump is bullying him into it, but I suspect it's mostly
               | the former).
        
       | 01100011 wrote:
       | That's great! Apple has the resources to incentivize and invest
       | in alternate production capacity(Intel, Samsung, or others).
       | Sure, it will take years, but a thousand mile journey begins with
       | one step...
        
         | SecretDreams wrote:
         | Apple is actually a big reason why TSMC is the king of fabs
         | today. They were a reliable cash source for years before TSMC
         | was even ahead of Intel.
         | 
         | Apple can and should do it again!
        
           | nonethewiser wrote:
           | Fabs are in kind of a catch 22. They need big business to
           | improve and to get lots of business they need to be
           | competitive. Im mostly familiar with that narrative in terms
           | of Intel's current uphill battle - was it really the same for
           | TSMC? I guess maybe there was a similar dynamic except the
           | playing field was more even at that time, so it was a bit
           | less of a catch 22.
        
       | WesolyKubeczek wrote:
       | ...and then China invades Taiwan, and nobody ain't getting
       | nothing.
        
         | Antibabelic wrote:
         | I feel like China invading Taiwan isn't happening in our
         | lifetimes. Yes, they stand to benefit from it, but I doubt any
         | of the people in charge of decision making are that interested
         | in rocking the boat. There's nobody forcing their hand and the
         | country is doing great without needing to invade anyone.
        
           | bpodgursky wrote:
           | They are 100% going to force the issue.
           | 
           | It will likely be a naval plus air blockade to force a
           | political solution to avoid the messiness of an invasion, but
           | time is on China's side there.
        
             | alex43578 wrote:
             | Is time on their side?
             | 
             | Long term: demographics are worsening for China relative to
             | now or 5 years ago.
             | 
             | Short term: China doesn't yet have viable homegrown
             | replacements for ASML, TSMC, etc.
             | 
             | Really short term: China blockading Taiwan and suffering
             | the economic fallout would be much more painful than US
             | blockading Cuba/Venezuela/etc.
             | 
             | A decisive kinetic action or a very soft political action,
             | rather than a blockade seems more viable in the current
             | state.
        
               | redhed wrote:
               | There's some intersection point between long term
               | decreasing in China's ability (demographic collapse) and
               | long term increase in China's ability (their current
               | build up of military hardware in air, land, and sea that
               | is currently outpacing America's). Maybe somewhere in
               | 10-20 years where their regional military power is much
               | higher than America can project across the Atlantic but
               | they still have a lot of military aged men.
        
               | alex43578 wrote:
               | Atlantic? IDK if China even has aspirations to play World
               | Police like the US. Military protection of things like
               | their interests and the stability of Belt and Road, sure,
               | but I don't see China trying something like the Gulf War
               | or OEF.
               | 
               | It's very possible that they will be able to dominate
               | South China Sea and their zone of the Pacific, even now,
               | given the proximity advantages and ship/missile
               | production; and I think that would be satisfactory to
               | them.
               | 
               | 20 years from now, China's sphere and America's sphere
               | are separate, with China having a lead in competing for
               | Africa, and Europe in a very weird place socially,
               | economically, demographically, and WRT Russia/US
               | competition.
        
               | bpodgursky wrote:
               | My point is that China can sustain a naval blockade of
               | Taiwan nearly indefinitely, and at some point Taiwan will
               | have to decide whether they want to live under siege
               | forever (poor, cold, getting everything via scarce and
               | expensive air freight), or give up come to a political
               | solution.
               | 
               | I'm not like, rooting for this, I'm just trying to be
               | realistic.
        
               | erxam wrote:
               | That's exactly what the USA has been doing to Cuba since
               | 1959 and they're still (barely) hanging around. If we go
               | by that example, it'll only end with with an actual
               | invasion (which is what will happen to Cuba within one to
               | two years).
        
               | bpodgursky wrote:
               | It's not even slightly the same?
               | 
               | The US has an embargo that doesn't impact other countries
               | that want to trade with Cuba. China is going to put an
               | _actual cordon_ around Taiwan.
               | 
               | Also, the US has no historical reason for claiming Cuba
               | and has no real domestic pressure to do so (nobody in
               | either party is asking for it). China has been very clear
               | they see Taiwan as a part of China and will reunite with
               | it not for economic or strategic reasons, but for
               | nationalistic ones.
        
           | pjmlp wrote:
           | That depends on a certain administration, and it isn't
           | looking good, "if they can, we also can".
        
           | rob74 wrote:
           | Let's hope China doesn't get a leader like Donald Trump in
           | our lifetimes, then I think your prediction will apply.
           | Despite the political tensions, China and Taiwan are so
           | deeply integrated economically that an invasion would hurt
           | not only Taiwan and the global economy, but also China
           | (directly and indirectly). The EU and the US are making
           | efforts to re-shore some semiconductor manufacturing, but
           | TSMC and others will probably still keep a sizable amount of
           | manufacturing in Taiwan, so I don't think this
           | interconnectedness will change anytime soon...
        
             | elcritch wrote:
             | It seems that their leaders are and have been planning to
             | take over Taiwan for decades. At least according to most of
             | what I've read on the topic from all the various sources.
             | 
             | If or when China's economic and/or demographics issues
             | become problematic is exactly when the CCP likely would
             | want to strike. At least seems to me like it'd be a good
             | time to foment national pride.
             | 
             | Of course hopefully I'm wrong and you're right.
             | 
             | Many of these larger geopolitical things are decades in the
             | making. Even Trump's Venezuela action has been a long time
             | brewing. So much so that "US troops in Venezuela" has
             | become a trope in military sci-fi. The primary change with
             | Trump is how he presents and/or justifies it, or rather
             | doesn't.
        
           | pixl97 wrote:
           | I mean who would have put 'US talks about invading Greenland'
           | on the list of bullshit we have to deal with.
        
           | FuriouslyAdrift wrote:
           | 2027 is the 100th anniversary of the Chinese Communist Party
           | and they have publicly disclosed they want Taiwan re-united
           | by then.
        
           | tim-tday wrote:
           | The leader of China literally publicly told his military to
           | have "all options for reunification of Taiwan ready by 2027"
           | 
           | What options do you suppose the military might be working on?
           | Training to surround, and blockade? (Check) Information
           | warfare? (Check) Building high numbers of landing craft?
           | (Check) Building high numbers of modular weapon systems that
           | can rapidly increase the number of offensive ships? (Check)
           | Building numerous high volume drone warfare ships and
           | airborne launchers? (Check)
           | 
           | Keep in mind that there are public language cues that
           | preceded invasion such as declarations of the invalidity of
           | the other country's sovereignty, declarations that the other
           | country is already part of the invading country. Have you
           | seen any signs of that?
           | 
           | Your persistent doubts require ignorance of strong evidence.
        
             | Antibabelic wrote:
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China's_final_warning
        
               | alt227 wrote:
               | Wow, I knew China were full of it but 900 final
               | warnings?!
        
               | maxglute wrote:
               | This retarded meme gets posted about PRC bluffing but
               | context behind it illustrates the opposite. The warnings
               | were against US/TW based U2s overflights, which PRC was
               | both warning and doing - actively attempting to shoot
               | down despite having inferior capabilities. The chefs kiss
               | that this is an USSR meme is that PRC shot down more U2s
               | using modified soviet hardware than USSR herself. Even
               | more so when consider PRC issued actual final warning to
               | USSR that ended up in border skirmishes. PRC's actual
               | final warning is "don't say we didn't warn you" which
               | historically predicts PRC kinetic action with high
               | certainty. USSR, India border skirmishes. Korean war
               | against UN. PRC also has directly supported North Vietnam
               | against the French, and threatened UK when they hinted at
               | granting HK independence under Thatcher. That's every NPT
               | nuclear state over territorial / security issues less
               | important than TW. It doesn't always lead to immediate
               | action, but has consistently been prelude to it.
        
           | marcosdumay wrote:
           | > Yes, they stand to benefit from it
           | 
           | They would benefit in what way?
           | 
           | Because their government seems to benefit a lot from Taiwan
           | existing and being an enemy.
        
           | dartharva wrote:
           | "They stand to benefit from it" how!? The only thing they'll
           | get is immediate geopolitical scorn which could very well
           | escalate to mass military action considering how much TSMC
           | now means for the world's economy. A single temporary
           | shutdown of the fabs would mean a global economic apocalypse.
           | They'd be inviting all powers of the world to attack them for
           | no upside whatsoever, because it will all be over by the time
           | they figure out how to leverage the fabs themselves.
        
         | adventured wrote:
         | The US has its own TSMC supply (insert comments about it not
         | being cutting edge). And the US will stand-down and let China
         | take Taiwan with no serious conflict in exchange for supply
         | agreements. Not more than 5-10 years out at this point.
         | 
         | The US can't even remotely come close to stopping China in its
         | own backyard today, in another 5-10 years they'll just have
         | that much larger of a Navy. The US knows that's the situation.
         | The US can supply a large one week bombing campaign against
         | China and that's it, based on inventory levels. The US will
         | exhaust its cruise missile supply instantly and the US has
         | almost no meaningful drone-bomb supply. China can build cheap
         | missiles by the tens of thousands perpetually, train them to
         | the coast, and flatten Taiwan and any opponents as necessary.
         | China is the only country that can sustain a multi-year WW2
         | style bombing campaign today, thanks to its manufacturing
         | capabilities. Imagine them on a full war footing.
        
           | petcat wrote:
           | > The US has its own TSMC supply (insert comments about it
           | not being cutting edge)
           | 
           | USA has been strategically re-homing TSMC to the US mainland
           | for a long time now. 30% of all 2nm and better technologies
           | are slated to be produced in Arizona by 2030.
           | 
           | The real loser in all of this will be the EU which will be
           | completely without the ability to produce or acquire chips.
           | They'll just end up buying from China and USA, which will
           | only further deepen their dependence on those countries.
        
             | rob74 wrote:
             | Just because you haven't heard of it doesn't mean that the
             | EU isn't doing anything: https://overclock3d.net/news/softw
             | are/bringing_advanced_semi...
        
               | kyboren wrote:
               | That's announcing 40k WSPMs of eventual capacity spread
               | across 28nm and 16nm nodes. I mean, it's a start, and I'm
               | sure automakers are totally stoked given the Nexperia
               | debacle, but the EU will remain completely dependent on
               | foreign advanced node semiconductors.
               | 
               | Compare to TSMC's Arizona project, which will supply 30%
               | of TSMC's 2nm and smaller process output. Already just
               | one of the six planned TSMC fabs in Arizona is pumping
               | out ~30k WSPMs at 5nm or smaller.
               | 
               | And that doesn't even get into CoWoS packaging, which is
               | essential for all the highest-performance and highest-
               | margin parts.
               | 
               | The fact is: In semiconductors, Europe is getting left in
               | the dust. Sure they can fab some mature node chips for
               | industrial uses--and that's not nothing--but Smartphone
               | SoCs, "AI" accelerators, DRAM, even boring CPUs simply
               | cannot be made any more in Europe, and to the limited
               | extent that they can, they will be horrendously
               | uncompetitive on the market and outclassed in every
               | performance metric by Chinese and American chips.
               | 
               | EU is on a big sovereignty kick right now, which makes
               | sense given that their foreign dependencies keep blowing
               | up in their faces. So it's strange that EU is so
               | complacent about their foreign dependency on advanced
               | node semiconductors.
        
             | alex43578 wrote:
             | Has the Ukraine situation not shown that the EU has
             | relegated itself to second fiddle?
             | 
             | It's too old, too complacent, and too broke. Even compared
             | to the US and our level of discord, there's no unity across
             | divisions.
             | 
             | The US absurdly threatens Greenland, but Denmark/EU's
             | response is "Sanction US tech or kick out US military bases
             | on Europe", rather than be able to rattle a saber back and
             | show some credible backbone.
        
               | swiftcoder wrote:
               | > rather than be able to rattle a saber back and show
               | some credible backbone.
               | 
               | They sent warships to Greenland. What level of saber
               | rattling do you expect?
        
             | NonHyloMorph wrote:
             | ASML...
        
               | petcat wrote:
               | ASML is a critical component, but they don't actually
               | build the chips. And a significant part of their
               | technology is developed in California anyway.
        
               | nebula8804 wrote:
               | Without San Diego based Cymer they can't move forward on
               | their latest and greatest. As far as I know they still do
               | R&D in San Diego even after purchase.
        
               | FuriouslyAdrift wrote:
               | xLight is coming up quickly... https://www.xlight.com/
        
               | NonHyloMorph wrote:
               | "Our system produces 4X more power that enables better
               | lithographic patterning, which is necessary to
               | manufacture chips with smaller and more efficient feature
               | sizes. In addition to being more powerful, our FEL system
               | has programmable light characteristics that improve
               | current capabilities and enable next-generation
               | lithography (e.g., shorter wavelengths) - uniquely
               | enabling the extension of Moore's Law for decades.
               | Connecting existing ASML scanners to an xLight FEL
               | significantly improves the tool's capabilities,
               | delivering next-version scanner performance without the
               | cost and complexities."
               | 
               | Is it supposed to work independently of other technology
               | at some point?
               | 
               | Then anyways: multilateral cooperation is at the heart of
               | scientific progress anyways. It's fitting that ASML is in
               | a country that is culturally strongly influenced by its
               | history of seafaring and trade. Will see how the
               | braindrain caused by people not wanting to live their
               | lifes in a society taht doesn't share values like these
               | will influence that whole technological armsrace thing.
               | 
               | Some people in Japan are coming up with a successor to
               | EUV as far as I remember, what was their name again?
        
               | FuriouslyAdrift wrote:
               | There's Canon with nanoimprint [1] and Rapidus [2] may be
               | working on something
               | 
               | [1] https://spectrum.ieee.org/nanoimprint-lithography [2]
               | https://www.rapidus.inc/en/
        
               | NonHyloMorph wrote:
               | Thank you, Rapidus is what I was looking for!
        
           | alex43578 wrote:
           | Yeah, I just don't know that there's the will to blow up the
           | world economy for which flag flies over Taiwan.
           | 
           | China absorbing Taiwan (especially to Americans) just doesn't
           | seem like a radical, terrifying concept.
           | 
           | A Hong Kong style negotiated transfer might be best for the
           | world - Taiwanese that want to leave can, the US can build up
           | a parallel source of semiconductors, China gets Taiwan
           | without firing a shot.
        
             | FuriouslyAdrift wrote:
             | That didn't work out so well for Hong Kong.
        
               | tonyedgecombe wrote:
               | Better than it has for Ukraine.
        
               | alex43578 wrote:
               | Is it better than the alternative? Do you think TSMC
               | wants to see a Dongfeng or ATACMS headed for their fab,
               | if the alternative is a negotiated handover?
        
         | znpy wrote:
         | I think Taiwan invasion by China will happen after foundries
         | are built in the UI.
         | 
         | My conspiracy theory is that there is some kind of "gentleman
         | agreement" on this topic between the US and China.
         | 
         | As soon as Taiwan is not needed anymore by the US for chip
         | fabrication, the US will at the very least loose their grip on
         | it.
         | 
         | Note to commenters: that's my theory, does not mean I endorse
         | it in any way.
        
       | ndr42 wrote:
       | I dislike this dramatization in reporting of mundane facts.
       | 
       | So report the facts but sentences like "What Wei probably didn't
       | tell Cook is that Apple may no longer be his largest client" make
       | it personal, they make you take sides, feel sorry for somebody,
       | feel schadenfreude... (as you can observe in the comments)
        
         | weslleyskah wrote:
         | I hate this writing as well. Is not about technology and
         | finance? The reporter writes as if it is a novel.
        
           | alephnerd wrote:
           | It's written in "HBS case study" tone. You might not like it,
           | but frankly, ICs aren't the target demographic _anyhow_.
        
           | achr2 wrote:
           | They didn't tweak their prompt styling request enough... The
           | ChatGPT world is depressing.
        
             | webstrand wrote:
             | Doesn't seem like LLM generated text to me. Even prior to
             | ChatGPT some journalists preferred to write in a novel-
             | style with extraneous fluff like that.
        
           | afavour wrote:
           | The sheer number of em dashes in the text suggest to me that
           | the reporter didn't write anything, ChatGPT did.
        
             | swiftcoder wrote:
             | You know posh schools teach people to write with em dashes
             | too, right?
        
               | progbits wrote:
               | Not to use them excessively. Good human writing has
               | variety and style. AI articles are the same boring
               | template, doesn't matter if it's emdash or not.
        
               | swiftcoder wrote:
               | A lot of people don't actually learn good writing at
               | their fancy schools - but they do they learn the
               | stylistic quirks that signal one went to the fancy
               | school.
               | 
               | How do you think it got in the LLM training set in the
               | first place?
        
             | zengineer wrote:
             | The other day I read some old blog posts of mine (~2016)
             | and they contain "em dashes". According to you they were
             | all written by AI.
        
             | bee_rider wrote:
             | If we give up every bit of punctuation that ChatGPT uses,
             | written language will become much worse.
        
             | dartharva wrote:
             | For the last time.. Word (the program very popularly used
             | by many reporters across the world to write articles)
             | automatically autocorrects hyphens to em-dashes according
             | to the default loaded grammar rules for En-US. The
             | existence of em-dashes in an article does NOT immediately
             | imply GenAI slop.
        
         | indymike wrote:
         | Clickbait permeates all things. Next thing you know they'll be
         | adding ____ (insert favorite controversial world leader)
         | enraged to the headline.
        
         | ai-x wrote:
         | The most important signal is actually that demand is far
         | exceeding supply and there is no AI Bubble
        
           | Afforess wrote:
           | Except this makes no sense. There isn't enough power to run
           | all these new chips, so the demand must be speculative, not
           | growth.
        
         | basscomm wrote:
         | > I dislike this dramatization in reporting of mundane facts.
         | 
         | Okay, but this isn't a news article, it's an opinion piece on
         | some guy's substack.
        
           | embedding-shape wrote:
           | "PopFi"
        
       | boxed wrote:
       | Tim Cook failing on the Cook doctrine ("We believe that we need
       | to own and control the primary technologies behind the products
       | that we make") is ironic.
        
         | dangus wrote:
         | Owning a leading edge fab is not practical for most companies,
         | even huge some ones like Apple.
         | 
         | Intel has even struggled with it since they traditionally
         | didn't sell capacity to other buyers. It worked for Intel
         | because they traditionally had a near-monopoly over the laptop,
         | desktop, and server chip market.
         | 
         | Apple certainly has the money to spin up their own chip
         | fabricator, but there's no guarantee it would be as good as
         | TSMC, it would cost billions, and they would have less of an
         | ability to sell capacity to other customers.
         | 
         | At the end of that effort they could be left with a chip fab
         | that produces chips that still cost the same or more than what
         | TSMC manufactures them for. It might just be cheaper to try and
         | outbid Nvidia for priority.
        
           | FuriouslyAdrift wrote:
           | Apple already is in the process of moving "most" chip
           | production to Texas Instruments in Sherman, TX.
           | 
           | https://appleinsider.com/articles/25/08/22/apple-chips-to-
           | be...
        
             | btown wrote:
             | Per that very article, Sherman will be for support chips
             | for power and peripherals, on legacy 45nm+ nodes.
             | 
             | Apple's investing heavily in the TSMC fab in Arizona, due
             | to open in 2027, to have 3nm capabilities for its flagship
             | chips, but it's unlikely that would ever cover a majority
             | of that chipmaking.
             | 
             | https://www.aztechcouncil.org/tucson-chipmaker-tsmc-
             | arizona-...
             | 
             | https://wccftech.com/tsmc-plans-to-bring-3nm-production-
             | to-t...
        
         | runjake wrote:
         | I'm sure if Apple could manage to run a fab with the quality
         | and costs they get with TSMC, they would. I have little doubt
         | they've been pushing forward on that mission.
        
       | j4uie wrote:
       | pft Emotional intelligence damage ,, instant karma pov: apple be
       | like
        
       | pjmlp wrote:
       | Well, someone is tasting a bit of their own medicine.
        
       | 2025codecracker wrote:
       | It used to be ,,don't use Wikipedia as an academic source" now
       | it's the same wit ChatGPT
        
         | ezst wrote:
         | Quite the opposite actually, way too many people treat LLMs as
         | oracles, all the while they are fundamentally unreliable at
         | knowledge storage and retrieval. If there was legitimate doubt
         | in the early days as to whether a collaborative encyclopedia
         | could self organise and self censor into a reliable source, the
         | engineering of LLMs makes the opposite a certainty.
        
       | YmiYugy wrote:
       | It seems a bit odd that data center operators aren't willing to
       | put their money where their mouth is. Data center operators say:
       | expand more quickly. TSMC says: we need long term demand to
       | justify that. And all the data center guys say is: don't worry
       | that won't be an issue, trust us. I would think that if they were
       | serious they would commit to cofinancing new foundries or signing
       | long term minimum purchasing agreements.
        
         | re-thc wrote:
         | > I would think that if they were serious they would commit to
         | cofinancing new foundries or signing long term minimum
         | purchasing agreements.
         | 
         | That would ruin TSMC and others' independence.
         | 
         | Nvidia already did buy Intel shares so it is a thing.
         | 
         | Nvidia did discuss with TSMC for more capacity many times. It's
         | not about financing or minimum purchasing agreements. TSMC
         | played along during COVID and got hit.
        
           | cezart wrote:
           | What happened during COVID? Could you please explain shortly
           | what they agreed to, and how it bit them?
        
           | tim-tday wrote:
           | How do you figure? Demand for electronics skyrocketed when
           | everyone working from home bought new laptops webcams,
           | tablets. There was a fire on a TSMC manufacturing line that
           | caused a shortage early on but capacity recovered, demand
           | stayed strong throughout and there was a massive spike at the
           | end when car manufacturers needed to ramp back up to handle
           | all the paused orders.
           | 
           | As far as I know there was never a demand dip at any point in
           | there.
        
             | re-thc wrote:
             | > there was a massive spike at the end when car
             | manufacturers
             | 
             | Which barely impacts TSMC. Most of their revenue and focus
             | is on the advanced nodes - not the mature 1s.
             | 
             | > As far as I know there was never a demand dip at any
             | point in there.
             | 
             | When did I imply there was a demand dip? I said they built
             | out too much capacity.
        
         | weslleyskah wrote:
         | And what of the natural resources sustaining all of this? This
         | conglomerate of data centers, gpus and other chips will surely
         | have to push manufacturers to the maximum in other industries.
         | I don't think sustainable energy, recycling and carbon credits
         | will be enough to cover for it.
        
         | jlarocco wrote:
         | The data center builders are hesitant, too.
         | 
         | https://youtu.be/K86KWa71aOc?t=483
        
         | ip26 wrote:
         | If the long term demand disappears, there may not be anyone
         | left for TSMC to collect from on those MPA. This somewhat
         | undermines their utility as a security.
        
         | bgnn wrote:
         | Semiconductors is extremely cyclical. One of the reasons TSMC
         | survived the previous boost-boom cycles is their caution. If
         | you overexpand, you risk going out of business in the next
         | downturn.
         | 
         | AFAIK only Apple has been commiting to wafers up to 3 years in
         | the future. It would be a crazy bet for NVidia to do the same,
         | as they don't know how big will be the business.
        
       | captain_coffee wrote:
       | Legit question - what is the current status of the construction
       | of chip production factories in the US?
       | 
       | I know about the existence of the initiative but I don't know how
       | it is progressing / what is actually going on on that front.
        
         | jobs_throwaway wrote:
         | TMSC's Arizona fab is up and running producing 4nm chips
         | 
         | There's ~a dozen in the works or under construction
         | 
         | TMSC plans to have 2-3nm fabs operational in the next 2-3 years
         | 
         | So we're 2-3 years behind the standard (currently 2nm), and
         | further behind on the bleeding edge sub-2nm fabs
        
           | techgnosis wrote:
           | Don't forget Intel. They are producing chips on 18A right
           | now, with 14A up next.
        
           | alt227 wrote:
           | > TMSC's Arizona fab is up and running producing 4nm chips
           | 
           | Are the majority of the staff still shipped in from Asia?
        
             | jpk2f2 wrote:
             | No. It was originally 50%, unclear what the current numbers
             | are (it was supposed to decrease over time as they train
             | local replacements).
        
         | FuriouslyAdrift wrote:
         | TSMC is already producing at their first one in Arizona (N4
         | process), second one comes online for N3 in 2028, and third one
         | (N2) broke ground in April 2025 (online date 2029-30)
         | 
         | https://www.tsmc.com/static/abouttsmcaz/index.htm
        
         | tim-tday wrote:
         | The projects seem to go well and then union bosses threaten to
         | shut the whole thing down.
         | 
         | Then the essential skilled personnel can't come train people
         | because the visa process was created by and is operated by the
         | equivalent of four year olds with learning disabilities.
         | Sometimes companies say fuck it we're doing it anyway and then
         | ice raids their facility and shuts it down.
         | 
         | I'd post the news articles about th above, but your googling
         | thumbs work as well as mine.
        
       | engineer_22 wrote:
       | I find that my cell phone which is 4 generations old and my
       | desktop computer which is 2 generations old are totally adequate
       | for everything I need to do, and I do not need faster processing
        
         | raw_anon_1111 wrote:
         | We have data, people are buying phones in aggregate about every
         | 2.5 - 3 years. Especially in the US where almost no one pays
         | for a phone outright
        
         | Lio wrote:
         | I used to think that.
         | 
         | I really don't care about most new phone features and for my
         | laptop the M1 Max is still a really decent chip.
         | 
         | I do want to run local LLM agents though and I think a Mac
         | Studio with an M5 Ultra (when it comes out) is probably how I'm
         | going to do that. I need more RAM.
         | 
         | I bet I'm not the only one looking at that kind of setup now
         | that was previously happy with what they had..
        
           | tim-tday wrote:
           | Apple has made some good progress on memory sharing over
           | thunderbolt. If they could get that ironed out you maybe
           | could run a good LLM on a cluster of Mac minis. Again you
           | cannot today but people are working on it. One guy might have
           | gotten it to work but it's not ready for prime time yet.
        
             | bigyabai wrote:
             | > Apple has made some good progress on memory sharing over
             | thunderbolt
             | 
             | The only reason that Thunderbolt exists is to expose DMA
             | over an artificial PCI channel. I'd _hope_ they 've made
             | progress on it, Thunderbolt has only been around for
             | fourteen years after all.
        
         | ai-x wrote:
         | You are anecdote, not data.
         | 
         | Data is saying demand >>>>> supply.
        
         | tim-tday wrote:
         | But do you use any ai services like chat gpt, Claude, Gemini?
         | If so you're offloading your compute from a local stack to a
         | high performance nvidia gpu stack operated by one of the big
         | five. It's not that you aren't using new hardware, it's that
         | you shifted the load from local to centralized.
         | 
         | I'm not saying this is bad or anything, it's just another
         | iteration of the centralized vs decentralized pendulum swing
         | that has been happening in tech since the beginning (mainframes
         | with dumb terminals, desktops, the cloud, mobile) etc.
         | 
         | Apple might experience a slowdown in hardware sales because of
         | it. Nvidia might experience a sales boom because of it. The
         | future could very well bring a swing back. Imagine you could
         | run a stack of Mac minis that replaced your monthly Claude code
         | bill. Might pay for itself in 6mo (this doesn't exist yet but
         | it theoretically could happen)
        
           | kouteiheika wrote:
           | > Imagine you could run a stack of Mac minis that replaced
           | your monthly Claude code bill. Might pay for itself in 6mo
           | (this doesn't exist yet but it theoretically could happen)
           | 
           | You don't have to imagine. You can, today, with a few (major)
           | caveats: you'll only match Claude from roughly ~6 months ago
           | (open-weight models roughly lag behind the frontier by ~half
           | a year), and you'd need to buy a couple of RTX 6000 Pros
           | (each one is ~$10k).
           | 
           | Technically you could also do this with Macs (due to their
           | unified RAM), but the speed won't be great so it'd be
           | unusable.
        
         | sib wrote:
         | Wonderful!
         | 
         | I wish I were in that situation, but I find myself able to use
         | lots more compute than I have. And it seems like many others
         | feel the same.
        
       | tonyplee wrote:
       | Here's what G AI estimates when asked about "base on public data,
       | estimate how many mm^2 of apple/Nvdia silicon are produce in TSMC
       | for the past 3 years."                 Apple:       2023 A16, A17
       | Pro, M2, M3 ~330M ~135 ~4,455M       2024 A17 Pro, A18, M3, M4
       | ~350M ~150 ~5,250M       2025 A18, A19 (pre-launch), M4 ~415M
       | ~200 ~8,300M            NV:       2023 Ada (RTX 40), Hopper ~60M
       | ~280 ~1,680M       2024 Hopper (H100), Blackwell ~85M ~450
       | ~3,825M       2025 Blackwell (B200), Rubin ~105M ~775 ~8,135M
        
         | BugsJustFindMe wrote:
         | If people want an AI to hallucinate for them they can do it
         | themselves, thanks.
         | 
         | Also, https://aramzs.xyz/thoughts/dont-post-ai-at-me/
        
       | JanSolo wrote:
       | I'm surprised that Apple is not considering opening up its own
       | fabs. Tim Cook is all about vertical-integration and they have a
       | mountain of cash that they could use to fund the initial startup
       | capex.
        
         | xnx wrote:
         | $20 billion for a new fab is a lot of money, even to Apple.
        
           | HardCodedBias wrote:
           | If it were only 20B then Apple would jump at the chance.
           | 
           | As would almost innumerable others.
        
             | JKCalhoun wrote:
             | Well, if the future of your company depends on a fab, twice
             | $20B is cheap.
        
           | DetroitThrow wrote:
           | Closer to $40b for a new fab for an established company to do
           | it all correctly. It's a much more major investment to open a
           | fab without ever doing it before, then continually use the
           | brain power/institutional knowledge you've built up to stay
           | near the forefront of fab tech, and then basically have weird
           | incentives to build a foundry for only your products rather
           | than the world at large.
           | 
           | You're setting yourself up for making a huge part of your
           | future revenue stream being set aside for ongoing chipfab
           | capex and research engineering. And that's a huge gamble,
           | since getting this all setup is not guaranteed to succeed.
        
             | JKCalhoun wrote:
             | Is that true? I guess what I mean is, is it $40B if you are
             | trying to replicate the scale of a TSMC fab? Or could you
             | do it for considerably less if the fab is initially
             | designed to the needs of single customer (Apple)?
        
         | bob1029 wrote:
         | Semiconductor manufacturing is not an incremental step for
         | Apple. It's an entirely new kind of vertical. They do not have
         | the resources to do this. If they could they would have by now.
        
           | zvqcMMV6Zcr wrote:
           | Designing CPUs also wasn't their core business and they did
           | it anyway. Apple probably won't care that much about price
           | hikes but if they ever feel TSMC can't guarantee steady
           | supply then all bets are off.
           | 
           | I wonder what will happen in future when we get closer to the
           | physical "wall". Will it allow other fabs to catch up or the
           | opposite will happen, and even small improvements will be
           | values by customers?
        
           | boredatoms wrote:
           | They could buy global foundaries and pour in a pile of cash,
           | 5 years later they'd have something useful
           | 
           | Or they could buy out Intel and sell off their cpu design
           | division
        
             | alt227 wrote:
             | If it was that simple, they would have done it.
        
             | bgnn wrote:
             | In that case they would have just burnt cash for 5 years
             | and didn't have anything to show for it.
        
           | JKCalhoun wrote:
           | How do they not have the resources? Certainly they have the
           | cash resources.
           | 
           | At this point it would be corporate suicide if they were
           | _not_ outlining a strategy to own their own fab(s).
        
             | bob1029 wrote:
             | > Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co. plans to spend a
             | record of up to $56 billion this year to feed the world's
             | insatiable appetite for chips, as it grapples with pressure
             | to build more factories outside Taiwan, especially in the
             | U.S. [0]
             | 
             | Apple has less cash available than TSMC plans to burn this
             | year. TSMC is not spending 50 billion dollars just because
             | it's fun to do so. This is how much it takes just to keep
             | the wheels on the already existing bus. Starting from
             | _zero_ is a non-starter. It just cannot happen anymore. So,
             | no one in their right mind would sell Apple their leading
             | edge foundry at a discount either.
             | 
             | There was a time when companies like Apple _could_ have
             | done this. That time was 15+ years ago. It 's way too late
             | now.
             | 
             | [0]: https://www.wsj.com/business/earnings/tsmc-
             | ends-2025-with-a-...
        
         | cmgbhm wrote:
         | Apple has very much been wanted absolute flexibility to adopt
         | major technology changes so much they've tried hard to not be
         | the sole customer of a supplier and deal with political
         | ramifications (source: Apple in China/Patrick McGee)
        
       | HardCodedBias wrote:
       | Nvidia direct silicon revenue is higher.
       | 
       | Also Nvidia's margins are higher which means that they will be
       | willing to pay a higher unit price.
       | 
       | This seems like an open and closed case from TSMC's side.
        
         | Squarex wrote:
         | It also means that we will have a trouble buying new laptops
         | for a few next years.
        
           | HardCodedBias wrote:
           | They will simply be more expensive.
           | 
           | More likely they will not use leading the leading edge fab
           | process, which TBH is fine for the vast majority.
        
       | tim-tday wrote:
       | Sneak preview of the TSMC shortage that will sweep the world in
       | 2027 when China takes Taiwan and the TSMC scuttles their chip
       | fabs on the island.
       | 
       | I don't know the hedge to position against this but I'm pretty
       | sure China will make good on its promise.
        
         | fauigerzigerk wrote:
         | Alternatively, China could make progress fabricating and
         | exporting its own chips and designing its own GPUs. The entire
         | chip sector could go the way of solar panels and EVs with
         | prices dropping and margins collapsing to near zero.
        
           | Jackpillar wrote:
           | Yup, they're also like 5-10 years out from their own
           | lithography machines as well. China wanted Taiwan before TSMC
           | was a thing, by the time they take Taiwan back they won't
           | need TSMC.
        
         | ajross wrote:
         | > I don't know the hedge to position against this
         | 
         | Buy in-demand fab output today, even at a premium price and
         | even if you can't install or power it all, expecting shortages
         | tomorrow. Which is pretty much the way the tech economy is
         | already working.
         | 
         | So no, no hedge. NVIDIA's customers already beat you to it.
        
         | edm0nd wrote:
         | I'm not sure how true it is or not but I heard that TSMC has
         | the ability to remotely destroy all of their main fab equipment
         | in the event the Chinese are invading Taiwan.
        
           | schainks wrote:
           | This is correct:
           | https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-05-21/asml-
           | tsmc...
           | 
           | The most advanced ASML machines also cost something like
           | $300-400M each and I am willing to bet if configured wrong
           | can heavily damage themselves and the building they are in.
        
         | IncreasePosts wrote:
         | I'm about 100% positive America would consider that an act of
         | war and respond accordingly.
        
         | strangegecko wrote:
         | There is no "promise".
         | 
         | The 2027 date was a guideline for their military to be "ready",
         | which they may not be either. That is a far cry from the
         | decision to actually make a move. They will only do that if
         | they're certain it will work out for them, and as things stand,
         | it is very risky for Xi.
        
       | qwertox wrote:
       | How about they take a break and focus on their software for the
       | next 2 years?
        
         | tonyedgecombe wrote:
         | Are you suggesting their semiconductor engineers should down
         | tools and start fixing bugs in macOS?
        
         | sib wrote:
         | One would think (hope / pray?) that a $4T company could walk
         | and chew gum at the same time. But, apparently not.
        
           | bflesch wrote:
           | Software quality is just canary in the coal mine that the
           | company culture has changed and they will continue to
           | enshittify their products.
        
       | GeekyBear wrote:
       | This piece provides a fair bit of insight:
       | 
       | > Apple-TSMC: The Partnership That Built Modern Semiconductors
       | 
       | In 2013, TSMC made a $10 billion bet on a single customer. Morris
       | Chang committed to building 20nm capacity with uncertain
       | economics on the promise that Apple would fill those fabs. "I bet
       | the company, but I didn't think I would lose," Chang later said.
       | He was right. Apple's A8 chip launched in 2014, and TSMC never
       | looked back.
       | 
       | https://newsletter.semianalysis.com/p/apple-tsmc-the-partner...
        
       | roughly wrote:
       | This article repeatedly cites revenue growth numbers as an
       | indicator of Nvidia and Apple's relative health, which is a very
       | particular way of looking at things. By way of another one, Apple
       | had $416Bn in revenue, which was a 6% increase from the prior
       | year, or about $25Bn, or about all of Nvidia's revenue in 2023.
       | Apple's had slow growth in the last 4 years following a big bump
       | during the early pandemic; their 5 year revenue growth, though,
       | is still $140Bn, or about $10Bn more than Nvidia's 2025 revenues.
       | Nvidia has indeed grown like a monster in the last couple years -
       | 35Bn increase from 23-24 and 70Bn increase from 24-25. Those
       | numbers would be 8% and 16% increases for Apple respectively,
       | which I'm sure would make the company a deeply uninteresting
       | slow-growth story compared to new upstarts.
       | 
       | I get why the numbers are presented the way they are, but it
       | always gets weird when talking about companies of Apple's size -
       | percent increases that underwhelm Wall Street correspond to raw
       | numbers that most companies would sacrifice their CEO to a
       | volcano to attain, and sales flops in Apple's portfolio mean they
       | only sold enough product to supply double-digit percentages of
       | the US population.
        
         | bombcar wrote:
         | US tech companies aren't built to be like 3M is/was and able to
         | have their hands in infinite pies.
         | 
         | The giant conglomerates in Asia seem more able to do it.
         | 
         | Google has somewhat tried but then famously kills most
         | everything even things that could be successful if smaller
         | businesses.
        
           | roughly wrote:
           | I think there's something about both the myth of the unicorn
           | and of the hero founder/CEO in tech that forces a push
           | towards legibility and easy narratives for a company - it
           | means that, to a greater degree than other industries, large
           | tech companies are a storytelling exercise, and "giant
           | corporate blob that sprawls into everything" isn't a sexy
           | story, nor is "consistent 3% YoY gains," even when that's
           | translating into "we added the GDP of a medium-sized country
           | to our cash pile again this year."
           | 
           | Every time a CEO or company board says "focus," an
           | interesting product line loses its wings.
        
             | flyinglizard wrote:
             | It's because the storytelling needed for Wall Street. It's
             | the only way to get sky high revenue multiples, selling a
             | dream, because if you're a conglomerate all you can do is
             | to sell the P&L - it's like selling an index. If you have a
             | business division that's does exceedingly well compared to
             | the rest, you make more money by spinning it off.
             | 
             | I think Asian companies are much less dependent on public
             | markets and have as strong private control (chaebols in
             | South Korea for example - Samsung, LG, Hyundai etc).
             | 
             | If you look at US companies that are under "family control"
             | you might see a similar sprawl, like Cargill, Koch, I'd
             | even put Berkshire in this class even though it's not
             | "family controlled" in the literal sense, it's still
             | associated with two men and not a professional CEO.
        
           | m4rtink wrote:
           | Yeah, it is insane what areas and products companies like
           | Mitsubishi, Samsung, IHI or even Suntory are involved in.
        
           | eldenring wrote:
           | I think this is more of a result of big US tech being
           | extremely productive (with their main competency)
        
         | sharkjacobs wrote:
         | It might matter that Nvidia sells graphics cards and Apple
         | sells computers and computer-like devices with cases and
         | peripherals and displays and software and services. TSMC is
         | responsible for a much larger proportion of Nvidia's product
         | than Apple's.
        
         | _the_inflator wrote:
         | I agree. People confuse relative for absolute numbers.
         | 
         | And ironically Apple acts like being a small contender the
         | moment they feel some heat after a decade of relatively easy
         | wins everywhere it seemed.
         | 
         | So finally there is a company that gives Apple some much needed
         | heat.
         | 
         | That's why I in absolute terms side with NVIDIA, the small
         | contender in this case.
         | 
         | PS: I had one key moment in my career when I was at Google and
         | a speaker mentioned the unit "NBU". It stands for next billion
         | units.
         | 
         | This is ten years ago and started my mental journey into large
         | scale manufacturing and production including all the processes
         | included.
         | 
         | The fascination never left. It was a mind bender for me and
         | totally get why people miss everything that large.
         | 
         | At Google it was just a milestone expected to be hit - not one
         | time but as the word next indicates multiple times.
         | 
         | Mind blowing and eye opening to me ever since. Fantastic
         | inspiration thinking about software, development and marketing.
        
           | zvorygin wrote:
           | How did you get into large scale manufacturing and
           | production? Was it a career switch? Downsides? It too
           | fascinates me. Any book recommendations?
        
       | markhahn wrote:
       | oh, darn. my least favorite walled garden / vertical monopoly /
       | rentseeker will have to raise prices. I'm sure they can spin this
       | as a quality improvement.
        
       | api wrote:
       | How much new capacity is under construction? Seems like it should
       | be a lot, but other than Arizona and Ohio and a few other places
       | I'm not reading about a ton of cutting-edge node fab construction
       | happening.
        
       | sylware wrote:
       | It seems PC(mostly dx11/12)+console gaming is niche compared to
       | mobile gaming (mostly on android which support
       | linux/wayland/vulkan)
        
       | burnt-resistor wrote:
       | Taiwan's TSMC foundries are their nuclear currency: they must
       | keep them to remain protected by others, and yet the others
       | didn't completely build interchangeable and resilient capacity
       | elsewhere to do what essential for them that they had the money
       | to do.
       | 
       | So now Apple, Nvidia, AMD (possibly), and most car manufacturers
       | will be up a creek without a paddle when China invades in 1-2
       | years. That is unless China's Xi is bluffing to mollify domestic
       | war hawks and reunification zealots by going through the motions
       | of building an army of war machines without intent to use them,
       | but I don't think that's probable. It's possible that Trump
       | already made agreements with Xi to cede "Oceania" if they allow
       | the US to take Greenland and South America for empire-building
       | neocolonialism.
        
       | mitjam wrote:
       | As a heavy user of OpenAI, Anthropic, and Google AI APIs, I'm
       | increasingly tempted to buy a Mac Studio (M3 Ultra or M4 Pro) as
       | a contingency in case the economics of hosted inference change
       | significantly.
        
         | mohsen1 wrote:
         | the thing is GLM 4.7 is easily doing the work Opus was doing
         | for me but to run it fully you'll need a much bigger hardware
         | than a Mac Studio. $10k buys you a lot of API calls from z.ai
         | or Anthropic. It's just not economically viable to run a good
         | model at home.
        
           | mitjam wrote:
           | True -- I think local inference is still far more expensive
           | for my use case due to batching effects and my relatively
           | sporadic, hourly usage. That said, I also didn't expect
           | hardware prices (RTX 5090, RAM) to rise this quickly.
        
           | zozbot234 wrote:
           | You can cluster Mac Studios using Thunderbolt connections and
           | enable RDMA for distributed inference. This will be slower
           | than a single node but is still the best bang-for-the-buck
           | wrt. doing inference on very-large-sized models.
        
         | pram wrote:
         | FWIW the M5 appears to be an actual large leap for LLM
         | inference with the new GPU and Neural Accelerator. So id wait
         | for the Pro/Max before jumping on M3 Ultra.
        
           | mitjam wrote:
           | Thanks, that helps me keep things in perspective.
        
         | boredatoms wrote:
         | If theres a market crash, there could be a load cheap H100s
         | hitting ebay
        
           | wmf wrote:
           | You can't run those at home.
        
             | SoKamil wrote:
             | Why?
        
               | wmf wrote:
               | Because they are extremely loud, consume 8-10 kW, and
               | probably cost $20K used.
        
               | kccqzy wrote:
               | The 8-10kW isn't a big deal anymore given the prevalence
               | of electric vehicles and charging them at home. A decade
               | ago very few homes have this kind of hookup. Now it's
               | reasonably common, and if not, electricians wouldn't bat
               | an eye on installing it.
        
               | alt227 wrote:
               | But the cost of running them is.
        
               | MandieD wrote:
               | In the winter in northern Europe or the colder parts of
               | North America, as part of a radiator system? Kind of
               | works!
               | 
               | Any other time and place? The power to run it, plus the
               | power to cool it.
        
         | mifreewil wrote:
         | You'd want to get something like a RTX Pro 6000 (~ $8,500 -
         | $10,000) or at least a RTX 5090 (~$3,000). That's the easiest
         | thing to do or cluster of some lower-end GPUs. Or a DGX Spark
         | (there are some better options by other manufacturers than just
         | Nvidia) (~$3000).
        
           | mitjam wrote:
           | Yes, I also considered the RTX 6000 Pro Max-Q, but it's quite
           | expensive and probably only makes sense if I can use it for
           | other workloads as well. Interestingly, its price hasn't gone
           | up since last summer, here in Germany.
        
             | storus wrote:
             | I have MacStudio with 512GB RAM, 2x DGX Spark and RTX 6000
             | Pro WS (planing to buy a few of those in Max-Q version
             | next). I am wondering if we ever see local inference so
             | "cheap" as we see it right now given RAM/SSD price trends.
        
               | clusterhacks wrote:
               | Good grief. I'm here cautiously telling my workplace to
               | buy a couple of dgx sparks for dev/prototyping and you
               | have better hardware in hand than my entire org.
               | 
               | What kind of experiments are you doing? Did you try out
               | exo with a dgx doing prefill and the mac doing decode?
               | 
               | I'm also totally interested in hearing what you have
               | learned working with all this gear. Did you buy all this
               | stuff out of pocket to work with?
        
               | storus wrote:
               | Yeah, Exo was one of the first things to do - MacStudio
               | has a decent throughput at the level of 3080, great for
               | token generation and Sparks have decent compute, either
               | for prefill or for running non-LLM models that need
               | compute (segment anything, stable diffusion etc). RTX
               | 6000 Pro just crushes them all (it's essentially like
               | having 4x3090 in a single GPU). I bought 2 sparks to also
               | play with Nvidia's networking stack and learn their
               | ecosystem though they are a bit of a mixed bag as they
               | don't expose some Blackwell-specific features that make a
               | difference. I bought it all to be able to run local
               | agents (I write AI agents for living) and develop my own
               | ideas fully. Also I was wrapping up grad studies at
               | Stanford so they came handy for some projects there. I
               | bought it all out of pocket but can amortize them in
               | taxes.
        
               | clusterhacks wrote:
               | Very cool - thanks for the info.
               | 
               | That you are writing AI agents for a living is
               | _fascinating_ to hear. We aren 't even really looking at
               | how to use agents internally yet. I think local agents
               | are incredibly off the radar at my org despite some
               | really good additions as supplement resources for
               | internal apps.
               | 
               | What's deployment look like for your agents? You're
               | clearly exploring a lot of different approaches . . .
        
         | PlatoIsADisease wrote:
         | There is a reason no one uses Apple for local models. Be
         | careful not to fall for marketing and fanboyism.
         | 
         | Just look at what people are actually using. Don't rely on a
         | few people who tested a few short prompts with short
         | completions.
        
           | mitjam wrote:
           | yes, I'm using smaller models on a Mac M2 Ultra 32GB and they
           | work well, but larger models and coding use might be not a
           | good fit for the architecture, after all.
        
         | storus wrote:
         | M3 Ultra with DGX Spark is right now what M5 Ultra will be in
         | who knows when. You can just buy those two, connect them
         | together using Exo and have M5 Ultra performance/memory right
         | away. Who knows what M5 Ultra will cost given RAM/SSD price
         | explosion?
        
         | utopiah wrote:
         | Don't buy anything physical, benchmark the models you could run
         | on your potential hardware on (neo) cloud provider like
         | HuggingFace. Only if you believe the quality is up to your
         | expectation then do it. The test itself should take you $100
         | and few hours top.
        
       | lysace wrote:
       | My main takeaway: TSMC's gross profit margin in Q4 was 62.3%.
       | (Net profit margin about 48%, supposedly.)
       | 
       | I mean this is pretty fantastic.
        
       | lencastre wrote:
       | what a strange world, guess iPhones will cost a million bucks now
        
       | flenserboy wrote:
       | Of course they did stock buybacks instead of using their
       | mountains of cash to lock out the competition or keeping their
       | powder in reserve. Brilliant!
        
         | neuroelectron wrote:
         | Pepperidge Farm remembers when stock buy backs were illegal
         | stock manipulation
        
           | avadodin wrote:
           | Stock buy-backs can be part of an illegal scheme but, in
           | general, they are one of the few mechanisms in corporate
           | actions through which the regular joe shareholder doesn't get
           | the short end of the stick.
           | 
           | How is owning a larger share of a company with proportionally
           | less cash and a higher price per share than what you could
           | have sold it for before bad.
           | 
           | Have you looked at precious metal charts as of late? Do 1/x
           | and that's the value of the cash these companies are trading
           | for a valuable business.
        
       | testfrequency wrote:
       | Prayers for Apple
        
       | nottorp wrote:
       | Apple could afford building their own fab couldn't they?
        
       | shevy-java wrote:
       | I am very unhappy with the increased RAM prices - and now general
       | increase in prices for hardware. To me this is collusion, a de-
       | facto monopoly. Governments that don't stop this practice are
       | also part of the mafia.
       | 
       | We really need many more smaller, more independent manufacturers.
       | All the big guns, from NVIDIA, Apple, Intel, AMD, etc... have
       | massively disappointed about 99.9% of us here now.
        
       | exabrial wrote:
       | Hopefully this makes them think twice about I dunno, putting
       | chips into cables.
        
         | aalimov_ wrote:
         | I think you are referring to thunderbolt cables with their
         | signal conditioning chips, and if that's the case then I would
         | like to say that TSMC isn't making those chips. Afaik Intel and
         | maybe some others make the chips that go into thunderbolt
         | cables.
        
         | alt227 wrote:
         | Putting computers into cars was the real killer.
        
       | tomconder wrote:
       | ugh dark mode
        
       | drob518 wrote:
       | Am I the only one who is excited about the AI bubble bursting?
        
         | BugsJustFindMe wrote:
         | "Am I the only one" posts are pure engagement farming.
        
       | neuroelectron wrote:
       | Apple fabs?
        
       | thenaturalist wrote:
       | Laughs in Intel.
        
       | dcchambers wrote:
       | The real loser in all of this is consumers. Pricing on software
       | and hardware is going to continue to rise and rise.
        
       | chao- wrote:
       | I look forward to Intel announcing that Apple is the major
       | customer they hinted at having for their 14A process.
        
       | wewewedxfgdf wrote:
       | I thought this got sorted out with giant piles of cash several
       | years ago, didn't it?
        
         | hu3 wrote:
         | someone has a larger pile of cash now
        
       | jlarocco wrote:
       | This isn't really news. Apple has to pay market price like
       | everybody else.
       | 
       | NVidia gets the capacity because they're willing to pay more. If
       | Apple wants to, they can pay more to get it back.
        
       | caycep wrote:
       | the sad part of this is that volume/priority at TSMC shifting
       | from consumer chips that get sold to you and me, to corporate
       | chips which likely will get sold to OpenAI/Amazon/MS or some
       | other corporate datacenter, means that the un-democratization of
       | computing power is well underway....
       | 
       | mirroring, come to think of it, the movement to un-democratize of
       | modern governments...
       | 
       | (I would be happier if the news behind Nvidia's strength was
       | sales of good, reasonably priced consumer GPU cards...but it's
       | clearly not. I can walk down the street and buy anything from Tim
       | Cook, but 9 out of 10 times, I cannot buy a 5080/5090 FE card
       | from Jenson Huang).
        
       | amelius wrote:
       | Apple, now you know how it feels to be kicked out of the
       | FabStore.
        
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