[HN Gopher] Gentoo Linux 2025 Review
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Gentoo Linux 2025 Review
        
       Author : akhuettel
       Score  : 275 points
       Date   : 2026-01-11 11:38 UTC (11 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.gentoo.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.gentoo.org)
        
       | danielscrubs wrote:
       | Really hope I can return to Gentoo soon. It was just the most
       | stable and most hacker friendly distro Ive ever used. Hats off to
       | all the contributors!
        
         | gylterud wrote:
         | I used Gentoo for ten years (2005-2015), and I was very happy
         | with it! Stable was not the word I would use, in that updating
         | frequently broke and required manual intervention. But it was
         | so flexible! The easily accessible options one has for choosing
         | everything about the system is unparalleled in any system I
         | have tried since. I would still use it if I had more tinkering
         | time. These days I am on NixOS, mostly to have the same setup
         | on every machine I use.
        
           | MarsIronPI wrote:
           | Hah, same! NixOS is perfect for me; I love the declarative
           | aspect. But Portage is far-and-away the best traditional
           | package manager I've ever used. It's truly phenomenal.
        
           | zppln wrote:
           | I've been on Gentoo for my gaming desktop for like 2-3 years
           | now and I don't think I've ever had an update break anything.
           | 
           | I will say though that my valgrind is broken due to march
           | native. :)
        
           | speed_spread wrote:
           | What Gentoo really needs is an official immutability
           | mechanism like ostree used by Fedora Silverblue or ZFS/btrfs
           | snapshots of the root/boot volumes. This way the ever-
           | experimental nature of the distro would be compensated by
           | having an easy mechanism to rollback to previous known-good
           | builds.
        
           | arendtio wrote:
           | I think Gentoo is very stable, but you have to make use of
           | revdep-rebuild and know what you are doing (meaning: it is
           | easy to shoot yourself in the foot).
        
       | Y_Y wrote:
       | > The Gentoo Foundation took in $12,066 in fiscal year 2025
       | (ending 2025/06/30); the dominant part (over 80%) consists of
       | individual cash donations from the community. On the SPI side, we
       | received $8,471 in the same period as fiscal year 2025; also
       | here, this is all from small individual cash donations.
       | 
       | It's crazy how projects this large and influential can get by on
       | so little cash. Of course a lot of people are donating their very
       | valuable labour to the project, but the ROI from Gentoo is
       | incredible compared to what it costs to do anything in commercial
       | software.
        
         | Etheryte wrote:
         | This is, in a way, why it's nice that we have companies like
         | Red Hat, SUSE and so on. Even if you might not like their
         | specific distros for one reason or another, they've found a way
         | to make money in a way where they contribute back for
         | everything they've received. Most companies don't do that.
        
           | GrowingSideways wrote:
           | Red hat certainly burns a lot of money in service of
           | horrifyingly bad people. It's nice we get good software out
           | of it, but this is not a funding model to glorify. And of
           | course american businesses not producing open source is the
           | single most malignant force on the planet.
        
             | positron26 wrote:
             | It's difficult to infer what kind of nuts is going on here.
        
               | GrowingSideways wrote:
               | If we're going to socialize production, let's do it
               | properly.
        
             | MarsIronPI wrote:
             | > Red hat certainly burns a lot of money in service of
             | horrifyingly bad people.
             | 
             | Red Hat also has a nasty habit of pushing their decisions
             | onto the other distributions; e.g.
             | 
             | - systemd
             | 
             | - pulseaudio (this one was more Fedora IIRC)
             | 
             | - Wayland
             | 
             | - Pipewire (which, to be fair, wasn't terrible by the time
             | I tried it)
        
               | anthk wrote:
               | Pipewire rocks. Wayland it's half baked and a disaster on
               | legacy systems. SystemD... openrc it's good enough, and
               | it never fails at shutdown.
        
               | mogwire wrote:
               | Pushing their decisions? This is comical.
               | 
               | I guess Debian, SUSE, Canonical, etc get that email from
               | Red Hat just go along with it. We better make the switch,
               | we don't want our ::checks notes:: competitor made at us.
        
               | buckle8017 wrote:
               | systemd and friends go around absorbing other projects by
               | (poorly) implementing a replacement and then convincing
               | the official project to give up.
        
               | f1shy wrote:
               | I don't know where they come from, but I try to avoid all
               | in that list. To be fair, audio is a train wreck anyway.
        
               | MarsIronPI wrote:
               | Eh, pulseaudio got a lot better, and pipewire "just
               | works" at this point (at least for me). Even Bluetooth
               | audio works OOTB most of the time.
        
           | tosti wrote:
           | Yes, that would be nice but when I look at their Grub src.rpm
           | for instance, some of those patches would look original but
           | came from Debian.
           | 
           | Back in the day when the boxes were on display in brick-and-
           | mortar stores, SuSE was a great way to get up and running
           | with Linux.
        
             | stakhanov wrote:
             | SuSE/openSuSE is innovating plenty of stuff which other
             | distros find it worth to immitate, e.g. CachyOS and omarchy
             | as Arch-derivatives felt that openSuSE-style btrfs
             | snapshots were pretty cool.
             | 
             | It's a rock-solid distro, and if I had a use for enterprise
             | support, I'd probably look into SLES as a pretty serious
             | contender.
             | 
             | The breadth of what they're doing seems unparalleled, i.e.
             | they have rolling release (Tumbleweed), delayed rolling
             | release (Slowroll) which is pretty unique in and of itself,
             | point release (Leap), and then both Tumbleweed and Leap are
             | available in immutable form as well (MicroOS, and Leap
             | Micro respectively), and all of the aforementioned with a
             | broad choice of desktops or as server-focused minimal
             | environments with an impressively small footprint without
             | making unreasonable tradeoffs. ...if you multiply out all
             | of those choices it gives you, it turns into quite a hairy
             | ball of combinatorics, but they're doing a decent job
             | supporting it all.
             | 
             | As far as graphical tools for system administration go,
             | YaST is one of the most powerful and they are currently
             | investing in properly replacing it, now that its 20-year
             | history makes for an out-of-date appearance. I tried their
             | new Agama installer just today, and was very pleased with
             | the direction they're taking.
             | 
             | ...so, not quite sure what you're getting at with your
             | "Back in the day..." I, too, remember the days of going to
             | a brick-and-mortar store to buy Linux as a box set, and it
             | was between RedHat and SuSE. Since then, I think they've
             | lost mindshare because other options became numerous and
             | turned up the loudness, but I think they've been quiety
             | doing a pretty decent job all this time and are still
             | beloved by those who care to pay attention.
        
               | tosapple wrote:
               | SuSE slowroll is news to me, thanks.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | SUSE has a lot of ex-Red Hatters at high levels these
               | days. Their CEO ran Asia-Pacific for a long time and
               | North America commercial sales for a shorter period.
               | 
               | SUSE has always been pretty big in Europe but never was
               | that prominent in North America except for IBM
               | mainframes, which Red Hat chipped away at over time. (For
               | a period, SUSE supported some mainframe features that Red
               | Hat didn't--probably in part because some Red Hat
               | engineering leadership was at least privately dismissive
               | of the whole idea of running Linux on mainframes.)
        
               | sohrob wrote:
               | I've found openSUSE MicroOS to be a great homelab server
               | OS.
        
             | kombine wrote:
             | The OpenSUSE Tumbleweed installation on my desktop PC is
             | nearing 2 years now and still rolling. It is a great and
             | somewhat underrated distribution.
        
           | dTal wrote:
           | I don't know that Red Hat is a positive force. They seem to
           | be on a crusade to make the Linux desktop incomprehensible to
           | the casual user, which I suppose makes sense when their bread
           | and butter depends on people paying them to fix stuff,
           | instead of fixing it themselves.
        
             | plagiarist wrote:
             | I find systemd pleasant for scheduling and running services
             | but enraging in how much it has taken over every other
             | thing in an IMO subpar way.
        
               | shevy-java wrote:
               | It's not just systemd, though. You have to look at the
               | whole picture, like the design of GNOME or how GTK is now
               | basically a GNOMEy toolkit only (and if you dare point
               | this out on reddit, ebassi may go ballistics). They kind
               | of take more and more control over the ecosystem and
               | singularize it for their own control. This is also why I
               | see the "wayland is the future", in part, as means to
               | leverage away even more control; the situation is not the
               | same, as xorg-server is indeed mostly just in maintenance
               | work by a few heroes such as Alanc, but wayland is
               | primarily, IMO, a IBM Red Hat project. Lo and behold,
               | GNOME was the first to mandate wayland and abandon xorg,
               | just as it was the first to slap down systemd into the
               | ecosystem too.
        
               | WD-42 wrote:
               | The usual semi conspiratorial nonsense. GNOME is only
               | unusable to clickers that are uncomfortable with any UI
               | other than what was perfected by windows 95. And Wayland?
               | Really? Still yelling at that cloud?
        
               | IshKebab wrote:
               | I expect people will stop yelling about Wayland when it
               | works as reliably as X, which is probably a decade away.
               | I await your "works for me!" response.
        
               | TingPing wrote:
               | It's very fair you can say "X works for me" but everyone
               | saying otherwise is in the wrong.
        
               | IshKebab wrote:
               | I don't get your point. People regularly complain that
               | Wayland has lots of remaining issues and there are always
               | tedious "you're wrong because it works perfectly for me!"
               | replies, as if the fact that it works perfectly for
               | _some_ people means that it works perfectly for everyone.
        
               | drnick1 wrote:
               | These days Wayland is MUCH smoother than X11 even with an
               | Nvidia graphics cards. With X11, I occasionally had
               | tearing issues or other weird behavior. Wayland fixed all
               | of that on my gaming PC.
        
               | Cyph0n wrote:
               | It's even more pleasant when you use a distro that
               | natively uses systemd and provides light abstractions on
               | top. One such example is NixOS.
        
               | allreduce wrote:
               | NixOS is anything but a light abstraction (I say this as
               | a NixOS user).
               | 
               | Tbh it feels like NixOS is convenient in a large part
               | because of systemd and all the other crap you have to
               | wire together for a usable (read compatible) Linux
               | desktop. Better to have a fat programming language,
               | runtime and collection of packages which exposes one
               | declarative interface.
               | 
               | Much of this issue is caused by the integrate-this-grab-
               | bag-of-tools-someone-made approach to system design,
               | which of course also has upsides. Redhat seems to be
               | really helping with amplifying the downsides by providing
               | the money to make a few mediocre tools absurdly big tho.
        
               | Cyph0n wrote:
               | How is it not a light abstraction? If you're familiar
               | with systemd, you can easily understand what the snippet
               | below is doing even if you know nothing about Nix.
               | systemd.services.rclone-photos-sync = {
               | serviceConfig.Type = "oneshot";           path = [
               | pkgs.rclone ];           script = ''             rclone \
               | --config ${config.sops.secrets."rclone.conf".path} \
               | --bwlimit 20M --transfers 16 \               sync
               | /mnt/photos/originals/ photos:           '';
               | unitConfig = {             RequiresMountsFor =
               | "/mnt/photos";           };         };
               | systemd.timers.rclone-photos-sync = {
               | timerConfig = {             # Every 2 hours.
               | OnCalendar = "00/2:00:00";             # 5 minute jitter.
               | RandomizedDelaySec = "5m";             # Last run is
               | persisted across reboots.             Persistent = true;
               | Unit = "rclone-photos-sync.service";           };
               | partOf = [ "rclone-photos-sync.service" ];
               | wantedBy = [ "timers.target" ];         };
               | 
               | In my view, using Nix to define your systemd services
               | beats copying and symlinking files all over the place :)
        
             | mogwire wrote:
             | You don't know they are a positive force?
             | 
             | This, despite the fact that Rocky, Alma, Oracle Enterprise
             | Linux, etc exist because of the hard work and money spent
             | by Red Hat.
             | 
             | And what are those companies doing to fix this issue you
             | claim Red Hat causes? Nothing. Because they like money,
             | especially when all you have to do is rebuild and put your
             | name on other people's hard work.
             | 
             | And what exactly is incomprehensible? What exactly is it
             | that they're doing to the Linux desktop that make it so
             | that people can't fix their own problems? Isn't the whole
             | selling point of Rocky and Alma by most integrators is that
             | it's so easy you don't need red hat to support it?
        
               | shrubble wrote:
               | Just a note: Rocky and Alma came out of CentOS
        
               | hug wrote:
               | Of course -- but CentOS' upstream was RHEL, no?
        
             | ghaff wrote:
             | I think it's fair to say that Red Hat simply doesn't care
             | about the desktop--at least beyond internal systems. You
             | could argue the Fedora folks do to some degree but it's
             | just not a priority and really isn't something that matters
             | from a business perspective at all.
        
               | cyberpunk wrote:
               | Can you name a company which does care about the linux
               | desktop? Over the years i'm pretty sure redhat
               | contributed a great deal to various desktop projects,
               | can't think of anyone who contributed more.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | Well Red Hat did make a go at a supported enterprise
               | desktop distro for a time and, as I wrote, Fedora--which
               | Red Hat supports in a variety of ways for various
               | purposes--is pretty much my default Linux distro.
               | 
               | So I'm not being critical. Yes, Red Hat employees do
               | contribute to projects that are most relevant to the
               | desktop even if doing so is not generally really the
               | focus of their day jobs. And, no, other companies almost
               | certainly haven't done more.
        
               | MarsIronPI wrote:
               | > Can you name a company which does care about the linux
               | desktop?
               | 
               | To some extent Valve. They have to, since the Steam
               | Deck's desktop experience depends on the "Linux desktop"
               | being a good experience.
        
               | eikenberry wrote:
               | Off the top of my head System76 jumps to mind with their
               | hardware and Pop!_OS.
        
             | soulofmischief wrote:
             | Fedora is probably the best out-of-the-box desktop
             | experience. Red Hat does great things, even if the IBM
             | acquisition has screwed things up.
        
           | shevy-java wrote:
           | Contribute back how and where? Definitely not to Gentoo if we
           | look at the meagre numbers here.
        
             | ihaveajob wrote:
             | Presumably, contribute to the entire ecosystem in terms of
             | package maintenance and other non-monetary forms.
        
             | IshKebab wrote:
             | Red Hat contributes a huge amount to the open source
             | ecosystem. They're one of the biggest contributors to the
             | Linux kernel (maybe the biggest).
        
               | Y_Y wrote:
               | https://insights.linuxfoundation.org/project/korg/contrib
               | uto...
               | 
               | It looks like they're second to Intel, at least by LF's
               | metric. That said driver code tends to be take up a lot
               | of space compared to other areas. Just look at the mass
               | of AMD template garbage here: https://github.com/torvalds
               | /linux/tree/master/drivers/gpu/dr...
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | Intel has long been a big contributor--mostly driver
               | stuff as I understand it. (Intel does a lot more software
               | work than most people realize.) Samsung was pretty high
               | on the list at one point as well. My grad school roommate
               | (now mostly retired though he keeps his hand in) was in
               | the top 10 individual list at one point--mostly for
               | networking-related stuff.
        
             | Cyph0n wrote:
             | Red Hat contributes to a broad spectrum of Linux packages,
             | drivers, and of course the kernel itself [1].
             | 
             | One example is virtualization: the virtio stack is
             | maintained by Red Hat (afaik). This is a huge driver behind
             | the "democratization" of virtualization in general,
             | allowing users and small companies to access performant
             | virt without selling a kidney to VMware.
             | 
             | Also, Red Hat contributes to or maintains all of the
             | components involved in OpenShift and OpenStack (one of
             | which is virtio!).
             | 
             | [1] https://lwn.net/Articles/915435/
        
             | jm4 wrote:
             | Why should Red Hat be expected to contribute to Gentoo? A
             | distro is funded by its own users. What distro directly
             | contributes to another distro if it's not a derivative or
             | something?
             | 
             | Red Hat primarily contributes code to the kernel and
             | various OSS projects, paid for by the clients on enterprise
             | contracts. A paying client needs something and it gets
             | done. Then the rest of us get to benefit by receiving the
             | code for free. It's a beautiful model.
             | 
             | If you look at lists of top contributors, Red Hat (along
             | with the usual suspects in enterprise) are consistently at
             | the top.
        
             | humanrebar wrote:
             | Red Hat employs a significant number of GCC core devs.
        
             | mmh0000 wrote:
             | As others mentioned, Red Hat (and SUSE) has been amazing
             | for the overall Linux community. They give back far more
             | than what the GPL requires them to. Nearly every one of
             | their paid "enterprise" products has a completely free and
             | open source version.
             | 
             | For example:                 - Red Hat Identity Management
             | -> FreeIPA  (i.e. Active Directory for Linux)       - Red
             | Hat Satellite -> The Foreman + Katello       - Ansible ...
             | Ansible.       - Red Hat OpenShift -> OKD       - And more
             | I'm not going to list.
        
           | cardanome wrote:
           | Red Hat pushing for the disaster that is Wayland has set the
           | Linux Desktop back decades.
           | 
           | It is the Microsoft of the Linux world.
        
             | reppap wrote:
             | I'm sorry but this is just completely disconnected from
             | reality. Wayland is being successfully used every single
             | day. Just because you don't like something doesn't mean
             | it's inherently bad.
        
             | NERD_ALERT wrote:
             | Why is Wayland a disaster? Most of the Linux community is
             | strongly in favor of it.
        
         | notepad0x90 wrote:
         | This was exactly what I was going to comment on. Why are they
         | not spending more money?? I don't even know what they should
         | spend it on, but like.. it's Gentoo! I would have thought
         | they'd pay the core devs something?
        
           | distances wrote:
           | What money? Doesn't sound like they have anything extra?
        
         | f311a wrote:
         | Yeah, especially when a CSS library makes $1M a year. I guess
         | they have no incentive to improve funding.
        
         | Philpax wrote:
         | ...is Gentoo large and influential these days? As far as I'm
         | aware, its current cultural status is that of a punchline, but
         | I'm open to being corrected.
        
           | c-hendricks wrote:
           | Also curious of Gentoo's influence in 2026.
        
           | sekh60 wrote:
           | ChromeOS is based in Gentoo.
        
             | nextos wrote:
             | Yes, Gentoo is like NixOS, sort of a meta-distribution.
             | 
             | Being the base of ChromeOS makes it highly influential.
             | 
             | ChromeOS market share is >5% in many countries, sometimes
             | around double digits.
        
           | CursedSilicon wrote:
           | Gentoo's Portage build system is (or at least was?) part of
           | Google's ChromeOS
           | 
           | Gentoo also runs the backend infra of Sony's Playstation
           | Cloud gaming service
           | 
           | Anecdotal evidence claims it used to also run the NASDAq
        
             | Thaxll wrote:
             | Highly unlikely that PSN runs Gentoo. They're using AWS.
        
               | malern wrote:
               | I've no idea if Sony uses Gentoo or not, but you can
               | definitely run Gentoo on AWS
        
         | stabbles wrote:
         | It would be interesting to have a more accurate estimate of the
         | effective cost of maintaining Gentoo. Say 100 core developers
         | spend 10h/week, and 380 external contributors 2h/week; that's
         | well over 40 FTE, and at $150K per FTE that's $6 million a
         | year.
        
         | elcapitan wrote:
         | OTOH, not having money also comes with upsides, like not having
         | overpaid CEOs, managers, marketing people, or distracting side
         | projects.
        
           | TingPing wrote:
           | That's a 20 million dollar problem, but plenty of projects
           | would be better with a few hundred thousand to pay staff and
           | infra.
        
             | michaelsshaw wrote:
             | Our society at its current state will not allow that,
             | however, as it is seen as more important to do stock
             | buybacks and increasing executive pay.
        
         | kortilla wrote:
         | The issue is that gentoo isn't very popular in the industry. If
         | it catches on with a few well funded tech companies, then it's
         | easy to get $10k or so from each one in sponsorships at
         | conferences.
        
           | kryptiskt wrote:
           | ChromeOS uses Gentoo as a base. That doesn't seem to have
           | helped get them any Google money.
        
       | cramcgrab wrote:
       | From the announcement it's a lot of unnecessary philosophical
       | moves and less innovation moves. I like innovative Linux, but
       | that's just my opinion.
        
       | mehdi1964 wrote:
       | Impressive recap! The work on RISC-V images, Gentoo for WSL, and
       | EAPI 9 really shows how adaptable Gentoo is. I'm curious about
       | the trend of fewer commits and bug reports--do you think it's
       | just natural stabilization, or are contributors slowing down?
       | Also, the move from GitHub to Codeberg is bold; how is the
       | community reacting to that change so far? Would love to hear more
       | about how new contributors are finding the transition and
       | onboarding with these updates.
        
       | Fiveplus wrote:
       | For me, the most underrated takeaway here is the state of RISC-V
       | support.
       | 
       | While other distributions are struggling to bootstrap their
       | package repositories for new ISAs and waiting for build farms to
       | catch up, Gentoo's source based nature makes it architecture
       | agnostic by definition. I applaud the risque team for having
       | achieved parity with amd64 for the @system set. This proves that
       | the meta-distribution model is the only scalable way to handle
       | the explosion of hardware diversity we are seeing post 2025. If
       | you are building an embedded platfrm or working on custom
       | silicon, Gentoo is a top tier choice. You cross-compile the
       | stage1 and portage handles the rest.
        
         | cb321 wrote:
         | While I was always a sourced-base/personalized distribution
         | personality type, this is also a big part of why I moved to
         | Gentoo in early 2004 (for amd64, not Risc-V / other embedded
         | per your example). While Pentium-IV's very deep pipelines and
         | compiler flag sensitivities (and the name itself for the
         | fastest Penguin) drove the for-speed perception of the compile-
         | just-for-my-system style, it really plays well to all
         | customization/configuation hacker mindsets.
        
           | Fiveplus wrote:
           | That is a fantastic historical parallel. The early amd64 days
           | were arguably Gentoo's killer app moment. While the binary
           | distributions were wrestling with the logistical nightmare of
           | splitting repositories and figuring out the /lib64 vs /lib
           | standard, Gentoo users just changed their CHOST, bootstrapped
           | and were running 64-bit native. You nailed the psychology of
           | it, too. The speed marketing was always a bit of a red
           | herring. The ability to say "I do not want LDAP support in my
           | mail client" and have the package manager actually respect
           | that is cool. It respects the user's intelligence rather than
           | abstracting it away.
           | 
           | Since you've been on the ride since '04, I'm curious to hear
           | your thoughts. How do you feel the maintenance burden
           | compares today versus the GCC 3.x era? With the modern
           | binhost fallback and the improvements in portage, I feel like
           | we now spend less time fighting rebuild loops than back then?
           | But I wonder if long time users feel the same.
        
             | plqbfbv wrote:
             | > Since you've been on the ride since '04, I'm curious to
             | hear your thoughts. How do you feel the maintenance burden
             | compares today versus the GCC 3.x era? With the modern
             | binhost fallback and the improvements in portage, I feel
             | like we now spend less time fighting rebuild loops than
             | back then? But I wonder if long time users feel the same.
             | 
             | I'm another one on it since the same era :)
             | 
             | In general stable has become _really_ stable, and unstable
             | is still mostly usable without major hiccups. My
             | maintenance burden is limited nowadays compared to 10y ago
             | - pretty much running `emerge -uDN @world --quiet --keep-
             | going` and fixing issues if any, maybe once a month I get
             | package failures but I run a llvm+libcxx system and also
             | package tests, so likely I get more issues than the average
             | user on GCC.
             | 
             | For me these days it's not about the speed anymore of
             | course, but really the customization options and the
             | ability to build pretty much anything I need locally. I
             | also really like the fact that ebuilds are basically bash
             | scripts, and if I need to further customize or reproduce
             | something I can literally copy-paste commands from the
             | package manager in my local folder.
             | 
             | The project has successfully implemented a lot of by-
             | default optimizations and best practices, and in general I
             | feel the codebases for system packages have matured to the
             | point where it's odd to run in internal compiler errors,
             | weird dependency issues, whole-world rebuilds etc. From my
             | point of view it also helped a lot that many compilers
             | begun enforcing more modern and stricter C/C++ standards
             | over time, and at the same time we got Github, CI
             | workflows, better testing tools etc.
             | 
             | I run `emerge -e1 @world` maybe once a year just to shake
             | out stuff lurking in the shadows (like stuff compiled with
             | clang 19 vs clang 21), but it's really normally not needed
             | anymore. The configuration stays pretty much untouched
             | unless I want to enable a new USE for a new package I'm
             | installing.
        
               | redeeman wrote:
               | > so likely I get more issues than the average user on
               | GCC.
               | 
               | its been years since I had a build failure, and I even
               | accept several on ~amd64. (with gcc)
        
               | cb321 wrote:
               | I am replying here as a kind of "better place to attach".
               | 
               | Anyway, to answer grandparent, I basically never had
               | rebuild loops in 19 years.. just emerge -uU world every
               | day or sometimes every week. I have been running the same
               | base system since..let's see:                   qlop
               | -tvm|h1         2007-01-18T19:50:33 >>> x11-base/xorg-
               | server-1.1.1-r4: 9m23s
               | 
               | I have never once had to rebuild the whole system from
               | scratch in those 19 years. (I've just rsync'd the rootfs
               | from machine to machine as I upgraded HW and gradually
               | rebuilt because as many others here have said, for me it
               | wasn't about "perf of everything" or some kind of
               | reproducible system - "more customization + perf of some
               | things".) The upgrade from monolithic X11 to split X11
               | was "fun", though. /s
               | 
               | I do engage in all sorts of package.mask/per-package
               | use/many global use. I have my own portage/local overlay
               | for things where I disagree with upstream. I even have an
               | automated system to "patch" my disagreements in. E.g, I
               | control how fast I upgrade my LLVM junk so I do it on my
               | own timeline. Mostly I use gcc. I control that, too. Any
               | really slow individual build, basically.
               | 
               | If over the decades, they ever did anything that made it
               | look like crazy amounts of rebuilds would happen, I'd
               | tend to wait a few days/week or so and then figure
               | something out. If some new dependency brings in a
               | mountain of crap, I usually figure out how to block that.
        
             | ryandrake wrote:
             | > The ability to say "I do not want LDAP support in my mail
             | client" and have the package manager actually respect that
             | is cool.
             | 
             | I tried Gentoo around the time that OP started using it,
             | and I also really liked that aspect of it. Most package
             | managers really struggle with this, and when there is
             | configuration, the default is usually "all features
             | enabled". So, when you want to install, say, ffmpeg on
             | Debian, it pulls in a tree of over 250 (!!) dependency
             | packages. Even if you just wanted to use it once to convert
             | a .mp4 container into .mkv.
        
             | InfamousRece wrote:
             | To be fair it was not that difficult to set create a pure
             | 64 bit binary distro and there were a few of them. The real
             | issue was to figure out how to do mixed 32/64 bit and this
             | is where the fight about /lib directories originated. In a
             | pure 64 bit distro the only way to run 32 bit binaries was
             | to create a chroot with a full 32 bit installation. It took
             | a while before better solutions were agreed to. This was an
             | era of Flash and Acrobat Reader - all proprietary and all
             | 32 bit only so people really cared about 32 bit.
        
             | redeeman wrote:
             | gcc 3.3 to 3.4 was a big thing, and could cause some issues
             | if people didnt follow the upgrade procedures, and also
             | many c++ codebases would need minor adjustments.. this has
             | been much much less of a problem since.
             | 
             | Additionally gentoo has become way more strict with use
             | flag dependencies, and it also checks if binaries are
             | depending on old libs, and doesnt remove them when updating
             | a package, such that the "app depends on old libstdc++"
             | doesnt happen anymore. It then automatically removes the
             | old when nothing needs it anymore
             | 
             | I have been running gentoo since before 04, continously,
             | and things pretty much just work. I would be willing to put
             | money that I spend less time "managing my OS" than most who
             | run other systems such as osx, windows, debian etc. Sure,
             | my cpu gets to compile a lot, but thats about it.
             | 
             | And yes, the "--omg-optimize" was never really the selling
             | point, but rather the useflags, where theres complete
             | control. Pretty much nothing else comes close, and it is
             | why gentoo is awesome
        
         | ltbarcly3 wrote:
         | All distributions are source based and bootstrapped from
         | source. They default to binary packages by default (while
         | offering source packages) whereas Gentoo defaults to source
         | packages (but still has binary packages). There's literally no
         | advantage to Gentoo here. What you're saying doesn't even make
         | logical sense.
         | 
         | Other distros don't support Risc-V because nobody has taken the
         | time to bother with it because the hardware base is almost
         | nonexistent.
        
         | chungy wrote:
         | Fedora and Debian have been shipping RISC-V versions of stable
         | releases for a while. I don't think anyone is really
         | struggling.
        
       | BoredPositron wrote:
       | I used Gentoo from 2006 for a decade or more and loved it. Later
       | I got more into embedded systems and low compute hardware and
       | flirted with other distros. Gentoo is still running on my server
       | but desktop and notebook are now on more conventional distros.
        
       | flipped wrote:
       | How easy is it to administer gentoo servers? Is it on-par with
       | nix/arch or harder?
        
         | jonfw wrote:
         | In my experience (this was about 5 years ago mind you) it was
         | no more complex than an arch installation, but with a smaller
         | community and less documentation.
        
         | yndoendo wrote:
         | I have not directly used Gentoo in years. It was chosen so I
         | could learn, maximize system performance, and have proper AMD64
         | support before the other distros supported the new CPU specs.
         | Gentoo also had the best documentation in those years.
         | 
         | Id Software provided a Doom 3 Linux client when the game was
         | first released. I found Doom 3 ran better on a custom built
         | Gentoo Linux system compared to Windows XP.
         | 
         | Are you look at Gentoo to maximize performance with compiling
         | everything with custom build parameters and kernel
         | configuration versus pre-built binaries and a generic kernel
         | loaded with modules?
         | 
         | Custom Gentoo just adds more time with having to wait to
         | install software upgrades. It is like having all your Arch
         | packages only being provided by AUR. There is also a chance the
         | build will fail and the parameters might need to be changed.
         | Majority of the time everything compiles without issue once the
         | build parameters are figured out. It was rare when something
         | did not.
        
           | anthk wrote:
           | Tecnically with just a kernel optimized for your CPU,
           | realtime patches, NTSync and a custom MESA build (with -O2
           | and -march set to your CPU) would give a good boost instead
           | of trying to recompile verything.
        
         | speed_spread wrote:
         | General administration is similar to Arch or any other regular
         | distro. Package updates necessarily take longer because of
         | recompiling but that's just CPU time. There are precompiled
         | versions of big popular binaries (open office, Firefox, etc)
         | that allow you to save a lot of time if you want.
         | 
         | Where you lose time is in trying to optimize your system and
         | packages using the multiple switches that Gentoo provides. If
         | you're the OCD twiddler type, Gentoo can be both extremely
         | satisfying and major time sink.
        
           | flipped wrote:
           | I don't understand the time sink. Isn't spending time knowing
           | intricate details about your system a good thing? You know
           | better than most if you've gone that deep.
        
         | M95D wrote:
         | TLDR: Installation is a pain, initial configuration is a pain
         | and there's always something more to tweak, update is a lesser
         | pain, but still a pain. But it's fun, BDSM-style...
         | 
         | Installation is done by booting a liveCD, manually partitioning
         | your storage, unpacking a Gentoo STAGE3 archive, chrooting in
         | it, doing basic configuration such as network, timezone,
         | portage (package manager) base profile and servers, etc.,
         | compiling and installing a kernel and then rebooting into the
         | new system.
         | 
         | Then you get to play with /etc/portage/make.conf which is the
         | root configuration of the package manager. You get to set CPU
         | instruction sets (CPU_FLAGS), gcc CFLAGS flags, MAKE flags,
         | video card targets, acceptable package licenses, global USE
         | flags (those are simplified ./configure arguments that usually
         | apply to several packages), which Apache modules get built,
         | which qemu targets get built, etc. These are all env vars that
         | portage (the package manager) uses to build packages for your
         | system.
         | 
         | The more you use Gentoo, the more features of make.conf you
         | discover. Never ending fun.
         | 
         | Then, you start installing packages and updates (same
         | procedure):
         | 
         | 1) You start the update by reviewing USE flags for each
         | added/updated package - several screens of dense text.
         | 
         | For example, PHP has these USE flags:
         | https://packages.gentoo.org/packages/dev-lang/php - mouse hover
         | to see what they do. You get to play with them in
         | /etc/portage/package.use and there's no end to tweaking them.
         | 
         | If you have any form of OCD, stay away from Gentoo or this will
         | be your poison forever!
         | 
         | 2) Then the compilation begins and that takes hours or days
         | depending on what you install and uses a lot of CPU and either
         | storage I/O or memory (if you have lots of memory, you can
         | compile in a tmpfs a lot faster).
         | 
         | I'm not sure it is OK to compile the updates on a live server,
         | especially during busy hours, but Gentoo has alternatives,
         | including binary packages (recently added, but must match your
         | USE flags with theirs), building packages remotely on another
         | system (distcc), even on a different arch (crossdev). You could
         | run an ARM server and build packages for it on a x86
         | workstation. I didn't use "steve", so I can't tell you what
         | wonderful things that tool can do, yet.
         | 
         | 3) Depending on architecture, some less used packages may fail
         | to compile. You get to manually debug that and submit bug
         | reports. You can also add patches to
         | /etc/portage/patches/<package> that will automatically be
         | applied when the package is built, and that includes the
         | kernel.
         | 
         | I recommend you to run emerge with --keep-going to have the
         | package manager continue after an error with the remaining
         | packages.
         | 
         | 4) When each package is done compiling, it's installed
         | automatically. There are no automatic reboots or anything. The
         | files are replaced live, both executables and libraries.
         | Running services continue to use old files from memory until
         | you restart them or reboot manually - they will appear
         | red/yellow in htop until you do.
         | 
         | There were a few times, very very few, when I had crashes in
         | new packages that were succesfuly built. It only happened on
         | armv7, which is a practically abandoned platform everywhere. In
         | those cases you can revert to the old ones and mask the bugged
         | version to prevent it from being updated to next time.
         | 
         | 5) Last step is to review the config changes. dispatch-conf
         | will present a diff of all proposed changes to .ini and .cfg
         | files for all updated packages. You get to review, accept,
         | reject the changes or manually edit the files.
         | 
         | That's all. Simple. :)
        
           | flipped wrote:
           | That's a very well painted picture for what to expect. I am
           | gonna try it soon, since it's been on my task list for too
           | long. Thanks :)
        
       | vstrien wrote:
       | Interesting name for the jobs erver: "steve"
        
         | stock_toaster wrote:
         | Thanks, steve!
        
       | entropie wrote:
       | 2025 I switched to nixos and will probably stay. I used gentoo
       | for like 20 years. Its the distro of my heart.
       | 
       | With some notebooks, some of which were getting on in years, it
       | was simply too resource-intensive to update. Only GHC, for
       | example, often took 12+ hours to compile on some older notebooks.
        
         | mirpa wrote:
         | I tried to list available packages on NixOS and nix-env
         | consumed more than 6 GB Ram. Everyone told me not to use nix-
         | env; everyone except NixOS manual. Trying to understand NixOS
         | environment is a deep rabbit hole.
        
           | Zambyte wrote:
           | The Nix documentation is what drove me away from it years ago
           | when I tried. I ended up landing on GNU Guix, where I have
           | been for about 5 years now. I found the OS documentation to
           | be much nicer (info pages!) and the decades of Scheme
           | documentation makes the language easier to pick up too.
        
       | narag wrote:
       | "Mostly because of the continuous attempts to force Copilot usage
       | for our repositories, Gentoo currently considers and plans the
       | migration of our repository mirrors and pull request
       | contributions to Codeberg."
        
       | rwmj wrote:
       | Any more information on the Github move (away)? While the AI
       | features of github are annoying, I've so far been able to
       | completely ignore them.
        
         | joecool1029 wrote:
         | I still send PR's for ::gentoo to their github mirror, I would
         | be surprised if they shut this off.
        
       | shevy-java wrote:
       | Gentoo has many smart people. Having said that, I can't help but
       | feel that ever since the rise of Arch, Gentoo lost a lot of
       | grounds. This may not be primarily due to Arch, but it kind of
       | felt that way to me. I feel that the Gentoo devs should really
       | look at its main competitors such as Void or Arch, IMO. These
       | seem to be more like a modern Gentoo, even if they are different
       | and have a different focus too.
        
         | givemeethekeys wrote:
         | Arch is the reason I didn't choose Gentoo for my latest build.
         | It's convenient and "good enough" for all my use-cases. Gentoo
         | gives you the feeling of being fully connected to the computer
         | like no other OS - the kind that leaves you nostalgic - but it
         | also requires a time commitment.
        
         | ZenoArrow wrote:
         | Neither Void or Arch are a "modern Gentoo". Gentoo is it's own
         | thing. If anything, Gentoo's closest "competitors" in terms of
         | OS customisation would be NixOS or Guix, not Void or Arch, but
         | Gentoo is forging it's own path, it doesn't need to follow any
         | other distro.
        
         | bashkiddie wrote:
         | I have heard rumors that at one point in time gentoo lost its
         | forum - basically a catastrophic strike such as deleting Arch
         | Linux wiki
        
           | filmor wrote:
           | Not its forum, there was an unofficial wiki that disappeared
           | due to issues with the hoster in 2008. There is an official
           | wiki nowadays.
        
       | tgtweak wrote:
       | I used to run gentoo like 14 years ago! It remains one of the
       | fastest distros I've seen for the specific hardware it was
       | running on (high core count 4-socket AMD opteron servers) and I
       | mostly attributed that to the fact it was compiling everything
       | (even the base os in this case!) for that specific CPU at install
       | time... emerge would build/compile and if you set your USE flags
       | correctly it produced heavily tailored and optimized binaries. I
       | feel like a staged/graduated (downloading/running precompiled
       | initially while a flag-optimized compile runs in the background)
       | would be a good way to get around some of the downsides here
       | (namely that it takes 45 minutes to install firefox with
       | emerge/pacman and that builds fail more often than packages fail
       | to install).
       | 
       | Very cool to see that it's still going strong - I remember
       | managing many machines at scale was a bit of a challenge,
       | especially keeping ahead of vulnerabilities.
        
         | cyberpunk wrote:
         | 45 minutes hah, it used to take us three days to build kde ;)
        
       | zeroonetwothree wrote:
       | I used Gentoo back in 2003. It's nice to see that it's still
       | going strong. I don't have as much free time now it's not the
       | distro for me, but perhaps when I retire I will come back to it.
        
       | malwrar wrote:
       | Gentoo is the best! Once you get the hang of creating a bootable
       | system and feel comfortable painting outside the lines, it feels
       | like Linux from Scratch just without needing to manually build
       | everything. I automated building system images with just podman
       | (to build the rootfs) and qemu (test boot & write the rootfs,
       | foreign arch emulation) and basically just build new system
       | images once a week w/ CI for all my hardware + rsync to update.
       | Probably one of the coolest things I've ever built, at this point
       | I'm effectively building my own Linux distro from source and it's
       | all defined in Containerfiles! I have such affection for the
       | Gentoo team for enabling this project, shocking to discover how
       | little they operate on I'm definitely setting up a recurring
       | donation.
        
         | raphinou wrote:
         | Did you document this somewhere? I'm interested to know more
        
           | malwrar wrote:
           | Nah, first time I've mentioned it anywhere. Happy to answer
           | questions, if there's interest maybe this could be my reason
           | for a first blog post.
        
             | url00 wrote:
             | I would also be very interested in reading that blog post!
        
             | scorpioxy wrote:
             | I would encourage you to write about it as well. It seems
             | interesting and unconventional.
             | 
             | I used to tinker a lot with my systems but as I gotten
             | older and my time became more limited, I've abandoned a lot
             | of it and now favor "getting things done". Though I still
             | tinker a lot with my systems and have my workflow and
             | system setup, it is no longer at the level of re-compiling
             | the kernel with my specific optimization sort of thing, if
             | that makes sense. I am now paid to "tinker" with my
             | clients' systems but I stay away from the unconventional
             | there, if I can.
             | 
             | I did reach a point where describing systems is useful at
             | least as a way of documenting them. I keep on circling
             | around nixos but haven't taken the plunge yet. It feels
             | like containerfiles are an easier approach but they(at
             | least docker does) sort of feel designed around describing
             | application environments as opposed to full system
             | environments. So your approach is intriguing.
        
         | arendtio wrote:
         | I think it is a great learning opportunity, but after using
         | Gentoo for a decade or so, I prefer Arch these days. So if you
         | want to learn more about Linux and its ecosystems, go for it,
         | do it for a few months or years.
         | 
         | That said, I haven't tried Gentoo with binaries from official
         | repositories yet. Maybe that makes it less time-consuming to
         | keep your system up to date.
        
           | blaerk wrote:
           | Been happily and very successfully using the official
           | binpkgs, it works really well, sometimes there's a slight
           | delay for the binary versions of the source packages to
           | appear in the repositories, but that's about it. I guess it's
           | kind of running Arch, but with portage <3! And the occasional
           | compilation because your use flags didn't really match the
           | binaries
        
       | BeetleB wrote:
       | Been running it for over 20 years:
       | 
       | https://blog.nawaz.org/posts/2023/May/20-years-of-gentoo/
       | 
       | Prior HN discussion:
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=35989311
       | 
       | Edit: Curious, why the downvote?
        
         | Crontab wrote:
         | > why the downvote?
         | 
         | I can see no reason for it.
        
         | bicolao wrote:
         | I'm more amazed you run the same machine for 20 years. Another
         | 20+ years user, but I've reinstalled 5-6 times when I change
         | laptops.
        
           | BeetleB wrote:
           | No, I changed the machine, but just installed Gentoo every
           | time. I merely kept the emerge.logs from each machine.
        
       | Crontab wrote:
       | Odd this came up as I am considering revisiting Gentoo. I might
       | have to take this as a sign.
        
       | idorosen wrote:
       | This is a remarkably small number given that Gentoo Portage is
       | load bearing infrastructure under ChromeOS.
        
         | lifetimerubyist wrote:
         | just typical corporate open source bloodsucking
        
         | OsrsNeedsf2P wrote:
         | And the NASDAQ[0]
         | 
         | [0]
         | https://www.pcworld.com/article/481872/how_linux_mastered_wa...
        
       | YarickR2 wrote:
       | Reading this while doing emerge @world on my personal
       | workstation, and preparing a fresh annual portage cut for our IT
       | infrastructure (some 600+ VMs, 400+ bare metal servers), running
       | Gentoo.
        
         | easterncalculus wrote:
         | All the VMs run Gentoo? That's really interesting, what do they
         | do?
        
       | Thev00d00 wrote:
       | I saw a comment in a "I moved from Windows to Linux" thread
       | implying Windows has more configuration potential than Linux. I
       | wonder what that commenter would make of Gentoo.
       | 
       | I wish I had more time I could dedicate to maintaining my system,
       | I'm marooned on Arch due to lack of time, such a shame.
        
       | notme43 wrote:
       | Been using Gentoo since 2004 on all my machines. They won me over
       | after I started playing around with their Unreal Tournament demo
       | ISO.
       | 
       | The game changer for me was using my NAS as a build host for all
       | my machines. It has enough memory and cores to compile on 32
       | threads. But a full install from a stage3 on my ageing Thinkpad
       | X13 or SBCs would fry the poor things and just isn't feasible to
       | maintain.
       | 
       | I have systemd-nspawn containers for the different
       | microarchitectures and mount their /var/cache/binpkgs and
       | /etc/portage dirs over NFS on the target machines. The Thinkpad
       | can now do an empty tree emerge in like an hour and leaving out
       | the bdeps cuts down on about 150 packages.
       | 
       | Despite being focused on OpenRC, I have had the most pleasant
       | experience with systemd on Gentoo over all the other distros I've
       | tried.
        
         | strangedude wrote:
         | I'm so interested to learn more about this. Do you still run
         | all your emerge commands on the thinkpad? What's the benefit of
         | mounting /etc/portage over nfs?
         | 
         | I have this dream of moving all my ubuntu servers to gentoo but
         | I don't have a clear enough picture of how to centralize
         | management of a fleet of gentoo machines
        
           | notme43 wrote:
           | Yes - still use emerge on the Thinkpad like I would on the
           | host, like emerge -avuDN @world and such. This is the wiki
           | article [1] I used to set up most the portage side of things,
           | it covers NFS as well.
           | 
           | I use NFS to mount the container's /etc/portage to
           | /mnt/portage and symlink the files to the Thinkpad's
           | /etc/portage so I can cherry pick what I want to keep in sync
           | with the build container. Don't have to mess with repos.conf
           | either because portage will look to /var/cache/binpkgs by
           | default.
           | 
           | make.conf is a directory on both machines and has files like
           | 01-common-flags.conf and 02-binhost-flags.conf. The Thinkpad
           | has 01-common-flags.conf and 03-target-flags.conf with
           | EMERGE_DEFAULT_OPTS="--with-bdeps=n --usepkgonly" set, so
           | running emerge -avuDN on the Thinkpad will only update with
           | binaries from the mounted /var/cache/binpkgs. I keep the
           | software in sync by using /etc/portage/sets instead of the
           | world file. Then all the package.* dirs are symlinks as well.
           | 
           | The Thinkpad binhost is a znver3, so the build container has
           | CFLAGS="--march=x86-64-v3 --mtune=alderlake" set. There's
           | some SIMD extensions that two don't have in common and it has
           | to build code that runs on both machines, otherwise you could
           | use the target architecture in --march. Using the --mtune
           | option in my case apparently sets the L2 cache size of the
           | produced code to that of the Intel chip.
           | 
           | Systemd-nspawn containers are super easy to spin up, as you
           | basically install Gentoo from stage3 and it works like a
           | chroot but with a full init. I run updates irregularly,
           | there's still some manual effort for maintenance, but it's
           | mostly just kicking off emerge and letting it build in a tmux
           | session.
           | 
           | [1] https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Binary_package_guide
        
       | yakk0 wrote:
       | I haven't used it in years, but when I was first using Linux I
       | used Gentoo for a long time. Building Gentoo from scratch really
       | helped me learn a lot and probably more quickly than dual-booting
       | a system like I had been. I'll always have a soft spot for
       | Gentoo.
        
       | binary132 wrote:
       | It's so crazy to me that there are languages whose maintainers
       | don't make it absolute #1 priority to always have a clean golden
       | path for bootstrapping.
        
       | ece wrote:
       | Looking forward to using Gentoo in WSL more easily. I currently
       | use Ubuntu for some scripting but would switch as I also use
       | Gentoo on the desktop. Also good to see the Rust toolchain and
       | BLAS packaging improvements.
       | 
       | What has kept me on Gentoo since the first Opteron days (20+
       | years ago) is that once you do an install, you also learn in part
       | how to fix the things you installed, which can be helpful later
       | on. I also do world rebuilds often which I think is just the
       | equivalent of testing an OS backup for a source based OS. :)
        
       | alekq wrote:
       | Amazing project, great people behind it, but it is a time sink.
        
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