[HN Gopher] Iran is likely jamming Starlink
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Iran is likely jamming Starlink
        
       Author : ukblewis
       Score  : 76 points
       Date   : 2026-01-11 07:18 UTC (15 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.timesofisrael.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.timesofisrael.com)
        
       | ggm wrote:
       | Under packetloss my assumption is text is king, but I wonder if
       | forward error correcting audio and video is actually better in
       | some ways?
       | 
       | Media is information rich. Maybe we're beyond a samzdat moment
       | and the value in comms is contextual immediacy of live feeds,
       | text can squeeze alongside.
       | 
       | Long ago, broadcast quality TV was shipped as slow feed. Maybe a
       | tiktok generation goes back there: use a phone on the street
       | (probably surreptitiously) do post production and upload
       | asynchronously on 30% packetloss or worse for redistribution.
        
         | bawolff wrote:
         | You are acting like people dont upload videos anymore.
         | 
         | The people filming protests in iran are probably not in range
         | of their home starlink connected wifi. They are almost
         | certainly filming stuff offline then uploading it later, not
         | livestreaming.
        
       | tkel wrote:
       | Which governments are referred to as "regimes" is usually
       | propaganda about how you should feel about them. Consider: all
       | articles written about US using the words "The US regime".
        
         | IlIlIlIIlIlIlI wrote:
         | Yes, a "regime" is basically a country where they wants to have
         | control but can't for some reason
        
         | epistasis wrote:
         | I don't think I've ever read an article using the term "US
         | regime," as that usually refers to an undemocratic or
         | authoritarian government. You might want to clean up your
         | information diet if you're reading lots of articles over the
         | years with that term...
         | 
         | Yes it is a value judgement, but Iran's government is nothing
         | if not oppressive and authoritarian. Until recently the US had
         | taken pride in being nothing like a regime, but that may change
         | in the coming years.
        
           | bulbar wrote:
           | > Until recently the US had taken pride in being nothing like
           | a regime, but that may change in the coming years.
           | 
           | I tend to believe the US is already past that point. It's
           | just people are not really realizing that yet. Might take the
           | next election for them to realize. That will be to late
           | however.
           | 
           | I hope so much that this is wrong and the US turns out to be
           | more resilient than it looks like from the outside though.
        
           | ThePowerOfFuet wrote:
           | >I don't think I've ever read an article using the term "US
           | regime," as that usually refers to an undemocratic or
           | authoritarian government.
           | 
           | Pretty fuckin' big rock you've been living under for the last
           | couple years.
        
             | epistasis wrote:
             | Am I under a rock because I haven't seen the articles, or
             | because the government has become undemocratic and
             | authoritarian?
             | 
             | Since you say "last couple years" I'm guessing you mean the
             | articles, it's only in the past year that the government
             | has become undemocratic and authoritarian through the
             | destruction of its constitution, the abdication of checks
             | and balances by Congress and the Supreme Court, and an
             | authoritarian running unchecked and saying that the only
             | thing controlling him is his own morality.
             | 
             | Or perhaps I'm being too pedantic, but if you're going to
             | accuse me of living under a rock hell yes I'm going to be
             | pedantic.
        
         | jjk166 wrote:
         | Regime refers to who holds power in a nation. It encompasses
         | power holders in both formal and informal institutions which
         | span beyond just the government. The major distinction is
         | democratic versus autocratic regimes, with regime on its own
         | referring specifically to the autocratic version. There are
         | plenty of autocratic regimes which we (assuming everyone on the
         | internet is American or at least from the West) are friendly
         | with, like Jordan's.
        
       | stein1946 wrote:
       | How likely is it that those "protestors" are US and Israel
       | propped and the plan is to do another regime change via this
       | route?
       | 
       | Isn't this "son of the late Shah" a guy from the US?
        
         | Mikhail_Edoshin wrote:
         | It is 100% that.
        
         | flanked-evergl wrote:
         | ...
        
           | lmm wrote:
           | I guess the people Israel is murdering on a massive scale are
           | generally noncitizens, but it's still not really in a
           | position to throw stones.
        
         | jeltz wrote:
         | Very, but at the same time the Iranian leadership have been a
         | really shitty government and ran the country into the gutter.
         | People have genuine grievances.
        
         | HauntingPin wrote:
         | The only way to believe this is if you're a Westerner being fed
         | a purely US-centric media diet. Otherwise you'd know all the
         | ways that the Iranian government has been failing their people
         | recently and for a long time now, and how unhappy Iranians are
         | with their government. You people act like people can't be
         | upset at how they're being treated by their own government
         | without being incited by an external actor. That's honestly
         | quite the dehumanising and insulting way of looking at it.
         | 
         | Also, if the US wanted to do a regime change, they'd just move
         | in militarily a la Venezuela and Trump would be talking about
         | it non-stop. He's not the subtle type, I promise. We'd already
         | know if they were involved.
        
           | xg15 wrote:
           | I mean, Trump _is_ talking about Iran nonstop.
           | 
           | https://www.haaretz.com/middle-east-news/2026-01-10/ty-
           | artic...
        
             | HauntingPin wrote:
             | I don't see any tweets about how the protesters are working
             | for the US. Like, Trump would literally say how involved
             | they are right now, and he isn't doing it. He's a child
             | who's incapable of being subtle or not talking about how
             | great his "accomplishments" are. Your link doesn't show
             | anything relevant.
        
         | pyrale wrote:
         | > How likely is it that those "protestors" are US and Israel
         | propped
         | 
         | It's almost sure that both US and Israel are meddling with the
         | current situation. That doesn't mean the situation isn't also
         | started by and wanted by the population.
         | 
         | For a comparison point in the past, the civil rights and
         | antiwar movements in the US were grass-roots movements started
         | by local people with legitimate claims. At the same time,
         | opponents of the US like USSR were involved in stirring these
         | movements, because of course they would.
         | 
         | There isn't much you can infer about the legitimacy of a
         | movement by learning that the movement is helped by foreign
         | intelligence agencies.
         | 
         | The best way you can avoid this kind of confusion is 1) make a
         | society in which malicious actors don't have many latent issues
         | to stir, and 2) make it so _your_ country 's intelligence
         | agencies aren't malicious actors. There isn't much else to do.
        
           | bawolff wrote:
           | Iran has a water crisis, and allegedly the economic situation
           | is so bad that people are starting to wonder if it will soon
           | affect their ability to buy food.
           | 
           | Even the Romans knew that if you wanted to stay in power you
           | had to provide bread and circuses.
        
       | Mikhail_Edoshin wrote:
       | Starlink is primarily a military technology that is used both on
       | a battlefield and to coordinate USA-backed "protests". Why, for
       | instance, it just become free in Venezuela? Every country needs
       | to be able to to defend itself from Starlink.
        
         | CamperBob2 wrote:
         | Every country needs to be able to defend itself from Russia,
         | too, apparently.
        
           | Mikhail_Edoshin wrote:
           | No, only US-backed puppets that US uses against Russia. For
           | example, Russia has very good relations with Belorussia where
           | the government wasn't lured into this role and did not let US
           | to overthrow it.
        
             | linhns wrote:
             | Tell me why Minsk is the most backward capital in Europe
        
           | DANmode wrote:
           | What's wrong with that end-result?
           | 
           | Way worse outcomes.
        
         | librasteve wrote:
         | mobile phones are primarily a military technology
        
         | lazyeye wrote:
         | What an insane take.
        
           | justajew wrote:
           | Insane only for americans who refuse to accept the fact that
           | their country, with some of their "allies", is the primary
           | cause of wars and instability in today's world. And who
           | refuse to understand that providing means of communication to
           | people of country X to organize military actions against the
           | army and police of country X, is a military agression against
           | country X.
        
             | lazyeye wrote:
             | Again, what an insane take.
        
       | jonway wrote:
       | Wow this sucks! however if i were iranian brass i would do it
       | too. IT/OT and IoT is not safe full stop. Pull the plug. It
       | wouldnt be pretty over here either, also china already got us
       | good (Volt Typhoon, OPM hack, why bother to list 30 or 40 more?)
        
       | bawolff wrote:
       | The article seems quite speculative.
       | 
       | I'm sure the Iranian regime would live to jam starlink, but i
       | don't think we have any ability to know what is actually
       | happening here.
       | 
       | The article claims 80% packetloss. That's still 1 in 5 packets
       | getting through. That is annoying but not going to stop
       | information getting out.
       | 
       | I also wonder, if all other coms are cut off, is it possible star
       | link in the country is just overloaded?
        
         | XorNot wrote:
         | In my experience 80% packet loss makes most common protocols
         | basically unusable. Yes you can still get data out...but many
         | apps will just fail due to timeouts and other things.
        
           | bawolff wrote:
           | I imagine the people with illegal starlink terminals are
           | fairly tech savy and can use custom protocols. Living in Iran
           | they probably already have a lot of experience with vpns and
           | lower level protocols to evade censorship.
        
             | aaomidi wrote:
             | I wouldn't imagine that no. It's "illegal" but not hard to
             | obtain
        
             | onesociety2022 wrote:
             | Illegal just means there's a black market. You pay some guy
             | in cash and he gives you a smuggled Starlink terminal.
             | Neither buyer or seller is likely to be anymore
             | sophisticated here than someone trading in any other
             | smuggled goods (cigarettes, alcohol, drugs, etc).
        
             | queenkjuul wrote:
             | I'm a programmer and even i wouldn't know where to start
             | implementing a custom network wire protocol.
        
           | p-e-w wrote:
           | Matrix published a proof of concept a few years ago of an
           | alternative transport layer designed to work over connections
           | with a few hundred bits per second, and massive packet loss,
           | while still providing E2EE:
           | 
           | https://matrix.org/blog/2019/03/12/breaking-the-100bps-
           | barri...
        
             | bawolff wrote:
             | Without knowing that much about this area, i think
             | https://mosh.org/ is a traditional choice if you need
             | encrypted communication in a high packet loss environment.
        
               | rurban wrote:
               | UDP is certainly not known to improve traffic reliability
               | in those environments. TCP is
        
               | bawolff wrote:
               | UDP is build your own reliability layer, so its going to
               | depend on how you use it.
               | 
               | [Of course you could say the same thing about TCP i
               | suppose depending on which congestion control algorithm
               | is in use]
        
       | dlenski wrote:
       | How do these tens of thousands of Starlink terminals get smuggled
       | into Iran?
        
         | aaomidi wrote:
         | Iran has a thriving black market through its borders
        
         | HDThoreaun wrote:
         | Trucks I assume
        
       | ACCount37 wrote:
       | Not too surprising, given that Starlink operates in Iran without
       | a permit, "space pirate radio" style, and has something of a
       | habit of making the access free when major protests happen and
       | the government imposes a network blackout. Iranian government and
       | Starlink have no love for each other, clearly.
       | 
       | It's a pattern by now: whenever a government wants to do
       | something awful, it shuts down internet access - so that no one
       | can hear it, see it or coordinate a response. And Starlink
       | becomes a lifeline that the regime would rather people didn't
       | have.
       | 
       | This is why all of those "national great firewalls" shouldn't
       | exist in the first place. If you give a government a capability
       | to restrict access to whatever it wants and enact a network
       | blackout whenever it wants, it's a matter of time until it gets
       | abused.
        
         | ece wrote:
         | It's weird how Apple and Google don't get it, while SpaceX
         | does.
        
           | ACCount37 wrote:
           | Starlink isn't perfect, but at least it doesn't go for "it's
           | so not our problem, we'll just make sure that every single
           | VPN exit point Iranians use is GeoIP'd as Iran in our
           | systems" like Google tends to, or "let's lick every
           | authoritarian boot, we control the app distribution and our
           | users will suck it up" like Apple does.
           | 
           | Not even Starlink has the balls to oppose the likes of Russia
           | and China directly - they aren't operating there without a
           | permit, sadly. But at least they don't kneel before every
           | two-bit dictatorship and cave to every single "we want you to
           | do censorship on our behalf" demand. Way better than what
           | most tech companies do now.
        
             | ozlikethewizard wrote:
             | I'm unfortunately inclined to not look at their actions so
             | favourably. They operate solely in jurisdictions where the
             | US state supports open destabilization, and dont where the
             | political ramifications would be too high for the US. Makes
             | them little more than an extension of the US imperialist
             | structure.
             | 
             | And this makes sense for an organization thats so highly
             | reliant on federal support, vs Apple and Google who only
             | have to just stay somewhat in the states good graces.
        
               | ece wrote:
               | As a private platform, SpaceX did try to draw a line with
               | where their service could be used in Ukraine, but we're
               | talking about Iranian protestors now, a different matter
               | I think. If they were offering a firewall as a service,
               | then what you're saying would be more true.
               | 
               | Apple and Google have done more than just stay in good
               | graces of governments by getting rid of apps governments
               | don't like, they haven't enforced their terms against X,
               | and given tens of millions to Trump's ballroom.
        
         | freefaler wrote:
         | They "operate" in Iran because of OFAC issues general licenses
         | under the Iranian Transactions and Sanctions Regulations (31
         | CFR Part 560) permitting non-commercial personal
         | communications, including satellite internet for free
         | expression. Starlink activation in 2022 protests and recent
         | events exploited these, as Musk sought formal exemptions for
         | "internet freedom."
         | 
         | And no Tesla factories in Iran I suppose helps too :)
        
       | hartator wrote:
       | I candidly thought it wasn't possible to block Starlink.
       | 
       | I guess with motivated actors anything is possible.
        
         | jeroenhd wrote:
         | If it were impossible, China would've had reason to blow up
         | their satellites in orbit. The US would do the same thing for
         | Chinese satellite ISPs.
         | 
         | Jamming on such a large scale is expensive, but it's hardly
         | impossible.
        
           | gordonhart wrote:
           | There's no evidence that China (or anybody else) has the
           | capacity to meaningfully harm the 9000+ satellite Starlink
           | constellation.
        
             | RandomLensman wrote:
             | Debris creating debris creating debris ... ?
        
               | SXX wrote:
               | Only if they want to kill 99% of all sattelites since
               | this is a game that can be played together.
        
               | RickJWagner wrote:
               | Yes, I've seen this!
               | 
               | It was a small, triangular ship that blasted big
               | asteroids, which in turn spun off and collided with other
               | asteroids...
        
         | NitpickLawyer wrote:
         | The title is wrong, as usual. This is a re-hash of earlier
         | reports. Starlink is getting 30-80% packet loss, depending on
         | where they're using it. Likely local jammers. But it still gets
         | through.
        
         | iberator wrote:
         | Jamming or hijacking geostationary satellites signal is trivial
         | for literally a team of 3 hm radio veterans with 10+ years of
         | experience.
         | 
         | Jamming RF is easy in general. Nowadays we can even do
         | beamforming so i guess it would be trivial.
        
         | snickerbockers wrote:
         | There's a difference between possible and plausible. In the
         | most absurd case, it was always a given that a sufficiently
         | large faraday cage or a literal iron dome would block starlink
         | from reaching anybody in iran therefore it was never thought to
         | be impossible to block starlink. At best it's implausible but
         | that would refer specifically to the construction of the giant
         | faraday cage and the literal iron dome, not the concept of
         | blocking starlink.
        
         | DivingForGold wrote:
         | The Russians have developed rather efficient GPS jamming
         | equip., as we know, Iranian Gov't is partners with Russians,
         | providing drone technology, so no great mystery where likely
         | the jammers originated from.
        
         | redwall_hp wrote:
         | Any satellite signal is going to be relatively weak compared to
         | what you can produce on the ground. Inverse square law, and
         | power limitations of a mobile transmitter.
         | 
         | It's fairly trivial to set up a transmitter that saturates a
         | slice of spectrum at an amount of power that is ridiculous
         | compared to a satellite signal. There are still AM radio
         | stations operating that go as high as 50kW. The satellite
         | transmitters aren't going to exceed maybe a hundred Watts, at a
         | great distance, and that falls off at 1/(distance)^2.
        
       | curiousObject wrote:
       | Is this not only a side effect of Iran doing widespread GPS and
       | GNSS jamming or spoofing?
        
       | consumer451 wrote:
       | I am curious if there are any implications for the Russian
       | invasion of Ukraine from this tactic working.
        
         | GrowingSideways wrote:
         | Both sides are using starlink, yes?
         | 
         | Also there's now guowang to contend with. I'm not sure how
         | widely available access to it is.
         | 
         | I would assume both sides are heavily jamming the frontlines.
         | But presumably long range drone operations are more likely to
         | use it.
        
           | throwaway85825 wrote:
           | Jamming is subject to the inverse square law.
        
             | GrowingSideways wrote:
             | Yes, this is why it happens only on the front line
        
         | Etheryte wrote:
         | What do you mean, Russia has been doing the same thing for most
         | of the war? The success relies on you controlling the
         | territory, or at least territory close enough, so the results
         | vary.
        
           | krona wrote:
           | Isn't Iran doing this from the air? That would be far more
           | effective. In a contested space with AA everywhere that
           | wouldn't be feasible (i.e. large parts of Ukraine)
        
           | SXX wrote:
           | In a war zone any large high power jammer will be like
           | supernova in the darkness visible for detectors from tens of
           | kilometers away. So its gonna be immediately destroyed.
           | 
           | Iran protesters cant find or destroy jammers though.
        
           | consumer451 wrote:
           | > What do you mean...
           | 
           | I am an RF ignoramus. It all seems like black magic to me. I
           | have seen "80% packet loss" being thrown around in these
           | discussions, and also that it is just GPS spoofing.
           | 
           | My main question is that is there anything novel happening
           | here? What is the actual range of disruption?
        
         | general1465 wrote:
         | I don't think it will have much implication. Jamming is a two
         | way street. You can erase some spectrums, but you are also
         | creating massive electromagnetic beacon for home-on-jam
         | ammunition.
         | 
         | However if you are a protester without any advanced weapons,
         | then you can't do anything against that.
        
       | perihelions wrote:
       | Seems like a big flaw that low-orbit constellations have a
       | dependency on GPS, which are high-altitude satellites. They're
       | 40x further away and so have 1,600x greater path loss. Why can't
       | they use their own satellites for this?
       | 
       | > _" But Starlink receivers use GPS to locate and connect to
       | satellites. "Since its 12-day war with Israel last June," The
       | Times says, "Iran has been disrupting GPS signals.""_
        
         | archerx wrote:
         | If the GPS satellites are above the starlink ones how is Iran
         | able to disrupt the GPS signals?
        
           | BoardsOfCanada wrote:
           | By jamming the receivers on the ground
        
             | archerx wrote:
             | Ok that makes a lot of sense, thank you.
        
           | Neywiny wrote:
           | For legal reasons I base this off of nothing but just turn
           | your jammer to the sky. Could get fancy and point out
           | directly at the satellites since my understanding is it's
           | pretty easy to know where they are.
           | 
           | Edit to add: I do not mean the GPS satellites or the starlink
           | ground terminals. That was not the question so that is not my
           | answer. I mean the starlink satellites
        
             | wizzwizz4 wrote:
             | That doesn't work. GPS is broadcast, not bidirectional
             | communication, so preventing the satellites from seeing the
             | GPS receiver does nothing: they're not looking to begin
             | with.
        
               | Neywiny wrote:
               | What are you talking about? The jammers are on the
               | ground. Just like receivers on the ground can be jammed
               | with bad RF nearby, so can receivers in space. You just
               | point the bad RF towards the receiver
        
               | sciurus wrote:
               | The GPS satellites aren't receiving anything. The GPS
               | satellites transmit signals, and the starlink terminals
               | (and other users of GPS) receive those signals.
        
               | sanex wrote:
               | Maybe he's implying they're literally cancelling out the
               | waves like ANC headphones but with emf and a large
               | geographic area.
        
               | tatjam wrote:
               | Wellll you could technically jam their uplink channels,
               | but doing so may get the US in your doorstep quite
               | quickly
        
               | spwa4 wrote:
               | More to the point, to do that to this number of
               | satellites on this big an area you'd need nuclear power
               | plant levels of power, and it would only degrade GPS a
               | bit (their clocks _slowly_ desync when uplink is blocked)
        
               | Neywiny wrote:
               | Ok they said the GPS of the starlink satellites is being
               | jammed, and the question was how. The comment I was
               | replying to did not say the terminal, it said the
               | satellite. Maybe that's the confusion
        
           | Majromax wrote:
           | GPS signals are extremely weak, and they're necessarily
           | received from omnidirectional antennas that can't provide
           | much antenna gain. In some sense it's a miracle of signal
           | processing that GPS can ever be received.
        
             | ViewTrick1002 wrote:
             | There have been developments in receiving antennas that are
             | harder to jam.
             | 
             | Most jamming is horizontal and limited to a few bands. So
             | by having a directional antenna and listening to all
             | services for now it seems to work. But this is a cat and
             | mouse game.
             | 
             | https://furuno.eu/gr-en/marine-solutions/gnss-positioning-
             | ti...
        
         | Majromax wrote:
         | It sounds like Starlink uses GPS to localize the receiver,
         | rather than for any active step in the communication link.
         | Since most receivers are static, I wonder if an effective
         | workaround to this is for the receiver to just remember its
         | last GPS fix for longer, or worst-case allow a manual location
         | specification in lieu of a GPS fix.
        
           | ovi256 wrote:
           | A user provided location cannot be trusted for geofencing
           | purposes. A GNSS (GPS or other) is needed sooner or later.
           | This is a legal requirement for sanction and regulation
           | enforcement (US, if not others).
        
             | ACCount37 wrote:
             | Starlink system inevitably knows the terminal location down
             | to a service cell, which is what, a 20km grain? Good enough
             | for "regulation enforcement".
        
             | 15155 wrote:
             | The satellites know where they are TX beamforming to a
             | fine-enough degree of specificity for geofencing.
        
             | schiffern wrote:
             | The user-provided location would only be used for the
             | initial bootstrapping. After it connects, the Starlink
             | network itself will localize the receiver to within 1 km.
             | 
             | If the user inputs a bogus lat/lon, it would simply fail to
             | connect. There's no way to 'spoof' your location on this
             | type of global satellite comm network.
             | 
             | EDIT It will be interesting to see what anti-censorship and
             | anti-DOS hardening features are coming in future software
             | updates. Full GPS denial bootstrapping is the most obvious,
             | and actually this should be possible without needing to
             | input a location. Adding offline update packages, so signed
             | anti-denial firmware updates can "sneakernet" across
             | oppressive regimes to recover DOSed terminals, would be
             | even better.
        
         | bri3d wrote:
         | This isn't even true; Starlink can use the local starlink
         | constellation for positioning and the option is available in
         | the customer facing configuration specifically for GPS denied
         | areas (since about two years ago), where it's been used for
         | ages.
         | 
         | Something else is going on here - perhaps there's an edge case
         | where Starlink can be made to perform poorly without falling
         | back away from GPS, but I wouldn't expect this since it's been
         | "tested" in the most GPS hostile places for quite some time
         | now.
        
         | stereo wrote:
         | Gps is free to use. Running your own gnss service requires an
         | atomic clock and possibly separate transmission hardware, which
         | is possible, but adds cost, volume, and weight.
         | 
         | According to [1], "[o]ne of the current generation of GPS
         | satellites (Block III) weighs over 2,200 kg (4,850 lb), the
         | weight of an average pickup truck. The body of these satellites
         | are 1.8 m x 2.5 m x 3.4 m (5.9' x 8.2' x 11.2') in size". In
         | comparison, "the current V2 Starlink satellite version weighs
         | approximately 1,760 lbs (800 kilograms) at launch, almost three
         | times heavier than the older generation satellites (weighing in
         | at 573 lbs or 260 kg)" [2]
         | 
         | [1] https://novatel.com/an-introduction-to-gnss/basic-
         | concepts/s... [2] https://www.space.com/spacex-starlink-
         | satellites.html
        
           | Imustaskforhelp wrote:
           | > Gps is free to use. Running your own gnss service requires
           | an atomic clock and possibly separate transmission hardware,
           | which is possible, but adds cost, volume, and weight.
           | 
           | Thanks you provide some great insights on why starlink didnt
           | use gps but still if starlink wants to focus itself as the
           | uncensorable internet in places like protests etc. I feel
           | like they can probably do this after this recent incident
           | 
           | I just can't feel but sad right now because starlink was
           | still providing activists ways to report outside and that
           | helped protestors a lot and information. Now even starlink
           | got removed because starlink tried to save money and I think
           | might not have thought about what if gps itself gets blocked.
           | 
           | This is giving very bad signals for Iran. Is there any way
           | now that Protestors are able to communicate to the outside
           | world/ activists be able to report data outside?
        
             | afavour wrote:
             | > if starlink wants to focus itself as the uncensorable
             | internet in places like protests etc
             | 
             | I'm not sure Musk would actually want that though,
             | especially these days.
        
               | sawjet wrote:
               | Why not?
        
               | Forgeties79 wrote:
               | Because Musk is a fickle, unethical individual with poor
               | impulse control and too much money who only talks about
               | high minded concepts like "free speech" and "battling
               | censorship" when it serves his interests at that moment.
        
               | lostlogin wrote:
               | You are correct. It's interesting to watch how 'free
               | speech' works on Twitter.
        
               | afavour wrote:
               | Because his enthusiasm for free speech is variable
               | depending on whether he likes the speech or not.
        
               | hcurtiss wrote:
               | Why not? Has Musk shut off Starlink? The reporting out of
               | Ukraine was almost entirely wrong.
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starlink_in_the_Russian-
               | Ukrain...
        
               | Forgeties79 wrote:
               | Nobody brought up Ukraine
        
               | lostlogin wrote:
               | From your link, with good sources:
               | 
               | In 2022, Elon Musk denied a Ukrainian request to extend
               | Starlink's coverage up to Russian-occupied Crimea during
               | a counterattack on a Crimean port, from which Russia had
               | been launching attacks against Ukrainian civilians; doing
               | so would have violated US sanctions on Russia.[18] This
               | event was widely reported in 2023, erroneously
               | characterizing it as Musk "turning off" Starlink coverage
               | in Crimea.[19][20] SpaceX executives repeatedly stated
               | that Starlink needed to remain a civilian
               | network;[21][22][12] in late 2022, as Starlink was being
               | used as a tool in combat in Ukraine, SpaceX announced
               | Starshield, a Starlink-like program designed for
               | government customers.[23][21] Musk is reported to have
               | said that Ukraine was "going too far" in threatening to
               | inflict a "strategic defeat" on the Kremlin.[24]
               | 
               | Musk, like Trump, has an interesting relationship with
               | Russia. The investigations into that have been quashed,
               | so we don't get to find out about the rumoured Kremlin
               | calls he was making.
               | 
               | https://www.nytimes.com/2024/10/25/business/dealbook/musk
               | -pu...
        
               | exe34 wrote:
               | > doing so would have violated US sanctions on Russia.
               | 
               | that made me laugh!
        
             | paganel wrote:
             | Yes, ask their Mossad direct and local handlers (as per
             | Mike Pompeo [1]) about how things are going, I'm sure that
             | this being Mossad they have a ground-based way to get the
             | information out.
             | 
             | [1]
             | https://xcancel.com/mikepompeo/status/2007180411638620659
        
               | woodruffw wrote:
               | Mike Pompeo is a private citizen; is there some reason to
               | believe that he has direct knowledge of foreign
               | involvement in these protests? It seems unlikely, and
               | doubly so that he'd actually _disclose_ it if he did.
        
               | paganel wrote:
               | You and I are private citizens, he's former US Secretary
               | of State, let's quit the charade.
        
               | woodruffw wrote:
               | "Former" is operative. I don't see any reason to believe
               | that Pompeo has special insider knowledge here, and
               | _sharing_ it makes zero sense even if he did. The more
               | parsimonious explanation is that he's a sidelined grifter
               | whose only way to stay relevant is to speculate on social
               | media.
        
           | tucnak wrote:
           | GPS comparison is moot in this case, as there's no need for
           | Starlink constellations to provide full GNSS capability, just
           | locating the satellites precisely enough to facilitate
           | beamforming.
        
           | mikewarot wrote:
           | Chip scale atomic clocks are quite small[1], have been used
           | in space, and could be part of the existing Starlink
           | satellites. Finding reliable details about the orbital
           | vehicles the internet eludes me.
           | 
           | [1] https://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/aemDocuments/document
           | s/F...
        
         | throwaway85825 wrote:
         | A CRPA should still work.
        
         | testing22321 wrote:
         | Musk tweeted a while back that the constellation could be used
         | as its own GPS service, but it wasn't a priority right now.
         | Maybe later.
        
         | Noaidi wrote:
         | This whole stalink for military use (Starshield) was a scam
         | Elon sold the military from the beginning. Just like his dumb
         | ass tunnels and his self driving cars. He is putting the
         | military at risk.
        
           | nradov wrote:
           | Is there any actual evidence that Starshield doesn't work
           | substantially as promised?
        
             | Noaidi wrote:
             | I don't know. Has the military ever relied so heavily on a
             | company who's CEO frequently uses ketamine?
        
               | try_the_bass wrote:
               | > I don't know.
               | 
               | So why are you making claims predicated on having
               | knowledge of the situation?
        
       | almogo wrote:
       | Does anyone know how Iranians are _actually_ communicating right
       | now? I remember seeing here on HN (admittedly a long time ago)
       | some Bluetooth-mesh technologies that promised decentralized
       | solutions to these very type of problems
        
         | Imustaskforhelp wrote:
         | I think IPv4 services are still present no?
         | 
         | So like they are very heavily DPI censored though and maybe
         | govts able to spy on any messages you send right now but I feel
         | like there is a still possibility that for the average
         | communication, they might still exist but although heavily
         | heavily censored/bad and I feel like protestors might not be
         | able to communicate (which I feel like is the question you
         | meant to be asking)
         | 
         | https://radar.cloudflare.com/routing/ir
         | 
         | So TLDR: protestors must have a hard time sadly and they may be
         | using bluetooth mesh or other tech, only they can tell after we
         | figure things out but also lets say some major services
         | websites might still exist after all if they bypass the dpi
         | censorship for IPv4 services.
         | 
         | In my opinion, I feel like Protestors must be using mesh based
         | technologies as you mention. We'll see what really ends up
         | happening after we get some reports from Iran.
        
           | tucnak wrote:
           | It is said they pulled the plug for all peering on Thursday,
           | although I would assume some kind of government-run ISP may
           | be operational still (I haven't checked Cloudlfare radar)
        
             | Imustaskforhelp wrote:
             | Pardon me but can you please provide me more context
             | regarding it. I am genuinely confused about the ground
             | state of reality in Iran right now regarding Internet
             | access at all
             | 
             | can you please take a look at cloudflare radar and see what
             | the current ipv4 connectivity means? Even Ipv4 was blocked
             | for sometime but then it got back to normal in the graph
             | shown in cloudflare radar
             | 
             | Can you please tell me what you mean by plug for all
             | peering? Like complete internet blackout?
        
               | s800 wrote:
               | Iranian address space is no longer in the public routing
               | table.
        
         | simonmales wrote:
         | You might be referring to Bitchat.
        
         | westurner wrote:
         | https://github.com/x011/smtp-tunnel-proxy :
         | 
         | > _A high-speed covert tunnel that disguises TCP traffic as
         | SMTP email communication to bypass Deep Packet Inspection (DPI)
         | firewalls_
        
           | petcat wrote:
           | It seems like these smuggle-disguise protocols are almost
           | always trivially detectable.
        
             | VortexLain wrote:
             | Yes, but such tools aren't popular enough for the censor to
             | specifically target.
        
           | DetectDefect wrote:
           | No mention of any security review, or even testing. Reason
           | enough to stay away from such tools.
        
         | BurningFrog wrote:
         | The only working communication I see mentioned on X is
         | Starlink.
        
         | RickJWagner wrote:
         | I saw a comment yesterday from a user claiming to be in Iran. I
         | think he said StarLink was usable. ( Maybe that's changed,
         | though. )
        
         | _DeadFred_ wrote:
         | Maybe better for an after the brutal theocratic regime
         | crackdown discussion?
        
       | embedding-shape wrote:
       | Funny considering the top comment from the two-day old "Iran Goes
       | Into IPv6 Blackout"
       | (https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=46542683):
       | 
       | > Fortunately, the government cannot enforce complete blackout
       | because thousands of startlink terminals are active inside the
       | country. They have been complaining about it to no avail.
       | 
       | Seems they finally figured out a way. Seems like yet again, you
       | shouldn't shout hello until you've crossed the stream.
        
         | Imustaskforhelp wrote:
         | I wouldn't consider it funny though when you realize the
         | gravitas of the situation though but yea.
         | 
         | I just wanted to point out that it felt rude to call it funny
         | but I understand what you mean and what intention but please be
         | more sincere about such issues.
         | 
         | > Seems they finally figured out a way. Seems like yet again,
         | you shouldn't shout hello until you've crossed the stream.
         | 
         | Someone mentions that there is a huge packet loss but its still
         | possible. Other mentions that its possible to do this in rural
         | villages and there are many nuances. I genuinely dont know the
         | technological reasons or know how of what it is or what the
         | ground state of reality is and what's actually happening but I
         | hope that starlink still works or can have a work-around for
         | the activists. We will see in sometime what really happens in
         | the ground state as I must admit I still don't know if its 100%
         | censored or what the reality is.
        
           | embedding-shape wrote:
           | The situation as a whole is in no way funny, sorry I gave you
           | that impression. What is funny to me, is a confidently
           | incorrect comment from a related story just two days ago that
           | also ended up the highest upvoted one, which quickly seemed
           | to have been proven wrong. This is still funny to me, yet the
           | situation itself remains helplessly depressing.
        
       | malchow wrote:
       | Satellite signals are just weak RF signals and can be disrupted
       | easily. There is nothing 'hardened' about them. It's funny that
       | people think Starlink or any of its many incipient competitors
       | are any different.
        
         | Rover222 wrote:
         | But it's in extremely difficult to disrupt the signals across
         | the whole country? I person go go out with a battery and setup
         | a starlink terminal in the middle of nowhere in 2 minutes
         | (exactly how I'm writing this post right now from Boliva)
        
           | notahacker wrote:
           | If your objective is to stop or at least slow coordination of
           | protests and flow of information about things the regime is
           | doing in the major cities of Tehran and Mashhad, you're a lot
           | less worried that plenty of rural villages get completely
           | unhindered signals, if anyone in them happens to have a
           | Starlink terminal.
        
             | Imustaskforhelp wrote:
             | Agreed, the only way to get starlink terminal is via
             | smuggling it into the country and it costs 1000's of $ or
             | 500$ or more which is more than many months of average
             | iranian income let alone rural villages
             | 
             | I hope though that perhaps rural villages can shelter
             | activists but who knows what happens in the ground level,
             | perhaps news development from tehran doesn't reach the
             | villages in the first case, maybe they block anyone
             | entering and leaving the city I am not sure
             | 
             | This seems to be a really bad development for protestors.
             | There were reports that some protestors were killed by the
             | govt and now I am genuinely worried about them even more.
             | This tyranny needs to be stopped.
        
             | Rover222 wrote:
             | Some videos are still leaking out and it's likely via
             | starlink (from what I've read). Better than nothing.
        
           | dalben wrote:
           | 10W is enough to block GPS signals in a 15-30km radius. The
           | signals are below the noise floor and easy to disrupt.
        
         | Geee wrote:
         | Starlink uses beamforming with directional antenna arrays, so
         | it should be rather difficult to jam compared to
         | omnidirectional antennas. It's basically a dish pointed at the
         | satellite, so the jammer should be in between to work.
         | 
         | Antenna arrays aren't perfect so it still picks up some energy
         | omnidirectionally, but it should be possible to shield it with
         | some metal plates in a way that only sky is visible.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phased_array
        
           | touisteur wrote:
           | I think, to beamform in the right direction you have to be
           | able to locate yourself precisely, have an up-to-date
           | almanach of the satellites, and a precise enough datation
           | source. Jamming GNSS is a source of problems for 2 of those
           | issues.
           | 
           | Also, the antennas on starlink dishes are still pretty small,
           | likely to pick up some hard-to-remove sidelobes and the tech
           | to cancel them properly might be export-controlled. You still
           | need to be within electromagnetic visibility to jam them,
           | though.
        
             | Geee wrote:
             | Yes, afaik the source of issues is GPS jamming.
             | 
             | To add to my point, with multiple antennas it's also
             | possible to spatially separate signals. Not sure if
             | Starlink is doing that, but I think it should be possible
             | to escape GPS jammers by using two antennas with some
             | distance between them. Two antennas can pick up the
             | direction of the signals and with some math they can be
             | separated, at least in theory.
        
           | overfeed wrote:
           | > basically a dish pointed at the satellite, so the jammer
           | should be in between to work.
           | 
           | Which isn't hard to do if you have the budget of a
           | government. Directional antennae, GPS and a helicopter/Cessna
           | flying patterns over a metro. Beams from the terminal are
           | constantly scanning the sky chasing the constellations.
           | 
           | A higher hit rate option would be a fleet of low altitude
           | drones taking high-res pictures of the ground, and running a
           | fine-tuned classifier to identify Starlink Dishies which
           | require a clear line of sight to the sky.
           | 
           | People who think Starlink is unblockable, or somehow
           | anonymous IRL are unimaginative. Iran is well-versed enough
           | with electronic warfare that it tricked a RQ-170 Sentinel
           | land on it's territory - how hardened are Starlink terminals
           | against responding to a spoofed signal and exposing their
           | locations?
        
             | ece wrote:
             | Doesn't Starlink use some sort wideband signal which is
             | hard to jam? Combined with some sort of frequency hopping
             | and a moving constellation should mean blocking a user or
             | satellite signal should be pretty hard, like many times the
             | cost of building and servicing a user terminal for use
             | against protesters.
        
         | tim333 wrote:
         | Russia seems to have been ineffective at stopping the Ukranians
         | using it.
        
           | stevenwoo wrote:
           | There are multiple photos of Russian drones using Starlink
           | terminals, so they would be blocking their own use of it.
        
       | anovikov wrote:
       | I am wondering if Starlink users can't compensate for it
       | themselves by transmitting a GPS signal using some SDR device
       | locally, just putting in correct coordinates from Google Maps
       | into it? GPS signals are at 1.5GHz which is easily accessible for
       | cheap SDRs.
       | 
       | But really, why doesn't Starlink device allow to simply enter
       | coordinates manually? After all, if someone enters wrong
       | coordinates (say to enable operation in a place where Starlink
       | has no service), it won't work because it won't find satellites
       | where it expects them to be.
       | 
       | Or is there something here that i'm missing?
        
         | DoctorOetker wrote:
         | I don't own a starlink dish, but I assume one can log in and
         | configure some things. It would be a nobrainer to have a way to
         | enter coordinates and system time. Also the manual could have
         | sane advice like recommendation to use "peace time" to
         | establish the locations GPS coordinates and write them down on
         | some sticker or so.
         | 
         | If it can serve a basic web page with a world map, it may be
         | justifiable to include it for the price of the dish (yes will
         | require some flash storage).
        
       | paganel wrote:
       | Good for them, as they're under external attack. For example a US
       | ghoul like Mike Pompeo had this to say recently [1]:
       | 
       | > Happy New Year to every Iranian in the streets. Also to every
       | Mossad agent walking beside them
       | 
       | so under those circumstances anything goes to defeat the likes of
       | Mossad and associated foreign entities doing their thing on
       | Iranian soil.
       | 
       | [1] https://xcancel.com/mikepompeo/status/2007180411638620659
        
         | scythe wrote:
         | I think this is a major unforced error by the USG, of course we
         | have seen plenty of those of late. There may be Israeli,
         | American or other intelligence agencies present. But history
         | has shown that spies can't just foment a revolution out of thin
         | air. The Americans' first attempt at a coup in Chile, in 1970,
         | failed. It was only after three years of US machinations and
         | missteps by the Allende administration that Pinochet arose --
         | Pinochet was given his fateful promotion by Allende himself!
         | And that was in a "friendly" country where the US had many
         | connections.
         | 
         | Iranians wouldn't be on the streets right now if the government
         | had listened to its own water engineers over the years. But the
         | new political culture in our government is more interested in
         | braggadocio than achieving real change. I doubt that if the
         | protesters succeed that Iran would become friendly to the West.
         | At the same time there is probably a not too contrived worry
         | among the Iranians that Netanyahu will seize the opportunity to
         | attack if a political transition occurs. Bluster like this only
         | hurts the cause.
        
           | macintux wrote:
           | I have to imagine the protests would stop immediately if Iran
           | is attacked by Israel or the U.S. You can be angry at your
           | government while not welcoming bombers.
           | 
           | Ordinarily I'd have faith the governments were smart enough
           | to know better, but at this point I've lost hope.
        
         | Rover222 wrote:
         | Iranians are living under Islamic colonial dictatorship.
         | Blaming this unrest on Israeli and US influence is absurd. And
         | only exposes you as a sympathizer to the oppressive regime.
        
           | paganel wrote:
           | You're saying that the Brits should throw their colonizer and
           | Christian king out of the island and return to their old
           | Celtic traditions and deities, no? Or what exactly? Because
           | the timeframes are very comparable, Saint Colombanus died in
           | the early 600s, while the Arabs got all the way to Merv by
           | the 670s-680s.
        
         | tim333 wrote:
         | Is them the Iranian people or their dictators?
        
       | ck2 wrote:
       | I am curious how phones now can reach LEO for enough bandwidth
       | for voice calls but you need a full dish, however small, for
       | starlink?
       | 
       | Could you get at least 1mbps from a phone to LEO now for email
       | and non-realtime data?
        
         | bearjaws wrote:
         | You pretty much nailed it, its all about bandwidth.
         | 
         | The emergency SOS feature is optimized down to the byte to
         | ensure it can work with poor signal and low bandwidth.
        
         | ACCount37 wrote:
         | Link budget cuts both ways. If your user terminal sucks, you
         | can compensate somewhat - by building a larger, beefier
         | satellite that has better antenna directionality and pumps out
         | more transmission juice, and throwing the data rate under the
         | bus. This is how it's done now.
         | 
         | Having a terminal that doesn't suck puts less strain on the
         | satellite side and, thus, scales better. But for emergencies
         | and serving middle of nowhere, "direct to cell" makes sense.
        
       | dsign wrote:
       | My thoughts to the Iranian people, may they get what they need
       | and deserve at a cost that is not too high.
       | 
       | As in all conflicts, there's always a "fog of blame" where there
       | isn't absolute certainty about who is right and who is to blame.
       | Though it's not that hard. Because their survival depends on it,
       | dictators are very good at blaming others--anybody, really--for
       | their own shortcomings, and they usually wield the kind of hard
       | power that makes them extremely costly to topple in terms of
       | suffering and human lives.
       | 
       | Life is too short to have to deal with despots. We need a better,
       | perhaps less-crowded or less xenophobic world where every person
       | can protect their right to exist by simply packing and leaving as
       | a last resort.
        
         | nsmdkdfk wrote:
         | The hubris of US idealists. There's no packing up and leaving.
         | If you leave your tribe you are dead. This was true 10k years
         | ago and it is true again. If you weren't born under the US
         | security umbrella you are nothing but an ant avoiding the boots
         | of those above you. And the whole world is returning to mean
         | once more. There's no packing bags, there's fighting for YOUR
         | freedom or being a slave. Those above will always seek to
         | oppress those below.
        
           | tim333 wrote:
           | There are a lot of people not particularly under the US
           | umbrella who are doing ok. India for example. It's debatable
           | how under the umbrella Europe is these days with the current
           | president.
        
         | CamperBob2 wrote:
         | Agreed, but right now, I'm getting Bay of Pigs vibes from the
         | whole affair. Trump baits the protestors into action -- _don 't
         | worry, we've got your backs!_ -- and then hangs them out to
         | dry.
        
         | energy123 wrote:
         | A politicide is occuring right now in Iran.
        
       | BurningFrog wrote:
       | [flagged]
        
         | noman-land wrote:
         | I publicly beg people not to do this.
         | 
         | Sharing anything but the prompt you wrote is useless and
         | arguably harmful.
        
       | smilesvua wrote:
       | HAM Radio still works
        
       | Rover222 wrote:
       | Why are none of the people I saw posting non-stop about Palestine
       | saying anything about Iranian freedom? Would honestly love to
       | hear a genuine response from anyone who is against the movement
       | in Iran. Or even conflicted about it.
        
         | seanmcdirmid wrote:
         | I'm not against the movement, but the last time Iran had
         | protests this bad was in 1979. It didn't get better afterwards.
         | It's a huge mess and I hope they figure something out to fix
         | it, but I'm just pessimistic.
        
           | Rover222 wrote:
           | Thanks for the reply. Makes sense.
        
         | tekla wrote:
         | I hope the movement succeeds.
         | 
         | I've been curious myself about why the activist class seems
         | weirdly quiet on this issue.
         | 
         | On a quick scan of media feeds I've seen a couple of things
         | that stand out (I do not confirm or deny how true these claims
         | are)
         | 
         | 1) Current Iran is a enemy of the USA and thus activists can't
         | support the destruction of the current regime. Iran is able to
         | create nukes so can put pressure on the USA in Middle East
         | Politics (esp. Palestine and Israel)
         | 
         | 2) The uprising and the Shah are CIA/Western Backed and thus
         | supporting the protestors is de-facto colonialism/imperialism.
         | 
         | 3) Contrary to popular belief Iran is not actually a Muslim
         | nation, only the leadership is. The population is significantly
         | more varied and people do not want to be seen supporting the
         | firebombing of Mosques because Islamphobia.
         | 
         | I don't know how widespread these opinions are, but it IS very
         | strange how I don't see more outrage.
        
           | Rover222 wrote:
           | I think the left-leaning activist people in the Americas are
           | so against any position that could align with a Trump
           | position, that they can't think beyond those lines. If Trump
           | supports the revolution it must be bad.
        
             | Rover222 wrote:
             | Or because the Iranian Islamic regime supports Hamas? And
             | they somehow align with that side. I don't know.
        
           | baggy_trough wrote:
           | The core of far left activism is being anti-Western.
           | Therefore, they can't say anything bad about even the most
           | despicable anti-Western governments.
        
             | Rover222 wrote:
             | That is what it seems like
        
           | breppp wrote:
           | There's an alliance between the new left and islamism due to
           | some ideological similarities.
           | 
           | Sure one side would march for pride and the other hangs gays
           | on cranes.
           | 
           | However, in foreign policy both explain anything as some
           | product of colonialism, a phenomena that essentially
           | disappeared 60 years ago.
           | 
           | This is due to the effect Edward Said had on US humanities,
           | which was in turn was influenced by Muslim Brotherhood
           | thought in his home country of Egypt
        
             | Rover222 wrote:
             | Ironic considering Iranians consider themselves to be under
             | Islamic colonial oppression.
        
             | Rover222 wrote:
             | I hadn't heard of Edward Said, thanks for mentioning.
        
         | danny_codes wrote:
         | I offer two possibilities:
         | 
         | 1. Iran has frequent large protests that consistently get
         | crushed. So while I assume the vast majority of Americans
         | oppose the Iranian government, it's hard to get worked up for
         | the 5th, 6th time.
         | 
         | 2. The US doesn't support the Iranian government. We already
         | sanction them. What additional support can US citizens lobby
         | for? In the case of Israel, decreased US support would have a
         | tangible effect. Unclear how increased US support for Iranian
         | protestors would matter.
        
           | Rover222 wrote:
           | Makes sense!
        
         | DesiLurker wrote:
         | I have a less charitable and more direct answer. Right now
         | there is a notion in Left that Israeli are the oppressor. In
         | Iran large majority of population is Persian but MINO (Muslim
         | in name only due to dictatorship). They are struggling to get
         | freedom from the Islamic regime and getting some help from
         | Israel. This flips the narrative in Left's mind (if they accept
         | it) that Muslims can be oppressors too and that is untenable
         | for them. especially because Left in Western nations has
         | basically aligned themselves with muslims so its easier for
         | them to just ignore it.
         | 
         | BTW its not just left here, I originally hail from India and
         | you can feel the pin-drop silence from left on Iran there too.
         | They just hope the rebellion gets crushed by regime like other
         | ones and they'll pretend status quo.
         | 
         | My TLDR takeaway: Muslims only care about when they are
         | oppressed & Left is completely aligned with them right now.
        
           | Rover222 wrote:
           | I completely agree with you.
        
         | whatshisface wrote:
         | There are a lot of signs that the leader being suggested would
         | be a king, which is not something most citizens in democratic
         | nations would feel natural fighting for.
        
         | TiredOfLife wrote:
         | Because the Iranian regime was the one pushing that pro
         | Palestine narrative.
        
           | Rover222 wrote:
           | Yup. Hard to be pro Hamas and then cheer a secular revolution
           | in Iran.
        
         | almogo wrote:
         | Speaking from an American perspective, many left-leaning
         | commentators I've seen are focused on the ICE situation in the
         | states right now.
         | 
         | But that's the most optimistic take I can conjure.
        
           | Rover222 wrote:
           | Definitely part of it. But the Mexican leftists I know are
           | equally silent. As they were on Ukraine too. It's really only
           | when then can root against the US or Jews, as far as I can
           | tell.
        
             | terminalshort wrote:
             | > It's really only when then can root against the US or
             | Jews
             | 
             | Yeah, that's pretty much all the left cares about (also
             | hating rich people). I used to try to be open minded to
             | them like you are, but now I just dismiss them entirely
             | because of this.
        
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