[HN Gopher] A 30B Qwen model walks into a Raspberry Pi and runs ...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       A 30B Qwen model walks into a Raspberry Pi and runs in real time
        
       Author : dataminer
       Score  : 343 points
       Date   : 2026-01-06 20:55 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (byteshape.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (byteshape.com)
        
       | yjftsjthsd-h wrote:
       | In case anyone else clicked in wondering what counts as "real
       | time" for this:
       | 
       | > On a Pi 5 (16GB), Q3_K_S-2.70bpw [KQ-2] hits 8.03 TPS at 2.70
       | BPW and maintains 94.18% of BF16 quality.
       | 
       | And they talk about other hardware and details. But that's the
       | expanded version of the headline claim.
        
         | CSSer wrote:
         | Someone should make a version of the Hacker News homepage that
         | is just LLM extracts of key article details like this.
        
           | mschuster91 wrote:
           | Please not. There were some bots (or karma-farming users)
           | doing this and yuck, was it annoying.
        
             | boothby wrote:
             | Counterpoint: if somebody builds that elsewhere, that's one
             | fewer person posting slop on HN proper
        
           | Imustaskforhelp wrote:
           | https://chatgpt.com/share/695d9ac2-c314-8011-8938-b0d7de7059.
           | ..
           | 
           | You can paste any article and chatgpt (took the most laymen
           | AI thing) and just writing summarize this article
           | https://byteshape.com/blogs/Qwen3-30B-A3B-Instruct-2507/
           | 
           | can give you insights about it.
           | 
           | Although I am all for freedom, one forgets that this is one
           | of the few places left on internet where discussions feel
           | meaningful and I am not judging you if you want AI but do it
           | at your own discretion using chatbots.
           | 
           | If you want, you can even hack around a simple extension
           | (tampermonkey etc.) where you can have a button which can do
           | this for you if you really so desire.
           | 
           | Ended up being bored and asked chatgpt to do this but chatgpt
           | is having something wrong, it got just blinking mode so I
           | asked claude web (4.5 sonnet) to do it and I ended up
           | building it with tampermonkey script.
           | 
           | Created the code.
           | https://github.com/SerJaimeLannister/tampermonkey-hn-
           | summari...
           | 
           | I was just writing this comment and I just got curious I
           | guess so in the end ended up building it.
           | 
           | Although Edit: Thinking about it, I felt that we should read
           | other people's articles as well. I just created this tool not
           | out of endorsement of idea or anything but just curiosity or
           | boredom but I think that we should probably read the articles
           | themselves instead of asking chatgpt or LLM's about it.
           | 
           | There is this quote which I remembered right now
           | 
           | If something is worth talking/discussing about, its worth
           | writing
           | 
           | If something is worth writing, then its worth reading.
           | 
           | Information that we write is fundamentally subjective (our
           | writing style etc with our biases etc.), passing it through a
           | black box which will try to homogenify all of it just feels
           | like it misses the point.
        
             | 6510 wrote:
             | <s>I'm not entirely sure but I think</s> if the file name
             | ends with .user.js like HN%20ChatGPT%20Summarize.user.js it
             | will prompt to install when opening the raw file.
             | 
             | haha, like so works too
             | 
             | https://raw.githubusercontent.com/SerJaimeLannister/tamperm
             | o...
        
               | Imustaskforhelp wrote:
               | Alright so I did change the name of the file from HN
               | ChatGPT Summarize.js to hn-summarize-ai.user.js
               | 
               | Is this what you are talking about? If you need any
               | cooperation from my side lemme know, I don't know too
               | much about tampermonkey but I end up using it for my mini
               | scripts because its way much easier to deal with compared
               | to building pure extensions themselves and these have
               | their own editors as well so I just copy paste for a
               | faster way to prototype with stuff like this
        
             | Alex2037 wrote:
             | >we should read other people's articles
             | 
             | sure, and reading a LLM summary allows one to decide
             | whether the full article is worth reading or not.
        
               | Imustaskforhelp wrote:
               | Fair I guess, I think I myself might use it when
               | sometimes the articles are more dense than my liking
               | perhaps. As I said, I just built it out of curiosity but
               | also a solution to their problem because I didnt like the
               | idea of having an AI generated summary in the comments.
        
               | bigyabai wrote:
               | Seems like a bad habit for media literacy.
        
           | kadoban wrote:
           | I mean, they didn't bury it far in the article, it's like a
           | two second skim into it and it's labelled with a tl;dr. Not a
           | bad idea in general but you don't even need it for this one.
        
           | Aurornis wrote:
           | If you read a lot of comment sections, there are bot accounts
           | showing up on LLM that try to do this constantly.
           | 
           | Their output is not great so they get downvoted and spotted
           | quickly.
        
             | jacquesm wrote:
             | If you spot any that live longer than a few comments please
             | pass that info to Dan & Tom.
        
           | grosswait wrote:
           | Not sure if it is still updating https://hackyournews.com/
        
             | ukuina wrote:
             | Thanks for pointing this out, https://hackyournews.com
             | should be up and running again!
        
               | Latitude7973 wrote:
               | Is this your project? It would be great to bolster it
               | with links to comment sections and the current points
               | tally.
        
         | make3 wrote:
         | I wonder what "94.18% of quality" means
        
       | Havoc wrote:
       | Is there something different about that accuracy measure? i.e.
       | relative to perplexity term usually used
       | 
       | Going from BF16 to 2.8 and losing only ~5% sounds odd to me.
        
         | kouteiheika wrote:
         | It's accuracy across GSM8K, MMLU, IFEVAL and LiveCodeBench.
         | 
         | They detail their methodology here:
         | https://byteshape.com/blogs/Qwen3-4B-I-2507/
        
       | jmward01 wrote:
       | There is a huge market segment waiting here. At least I think
       | there is. Well, at least people like me want this. Ok, tens of
       | dollars can be made at least. It is just missing a critical
       | tipping point. Basically, I want an alexa like device for the
       | home backed by local inference and storage with some standardized
       | components identified:
       | 
       | - the interactive devices - all the alexa/google/apple devices
       | out there are this interface, also, probably some TV input that
       | stays local and I can voice control. That kind of thing. It
       | should have a good speaker and voice control. It probably should
       | also do other things like act as a wifi range extender or be the
       | router. That would actually be good. I would buy one for each
       | room so no need for crazy antennas if they are close and can
       | create true mesh network for me. But I digress.
       | 
       | - the home 'cloud' server that is storage and control. This is a
       | cheap CPU, a little ram and potentially a lot of storage. It
       | should hold the 'apps' for my home and be the one place I can
       | back-up everything about my network (including the network
       | config!)
       | 
       | - the inference engines. That is where this kind of repo/device
       | combo comes in. I buy it and it knows how to advertise in a
       | standard way its services and the controlling node connects it to
       | the home devices. It would be great to just plug it in and go.
       | 
       | Of course all of these could be combined but conceptually I want
       | to be able to swap and mix and match at these levels so options
       | here and interoperability is what really matters.
       | 
       | I know a lot of (all of) these pieces exist, but they don't work
       | well together. There isn't a simple standard 'buy this turn it on
       | and pair with your local network' kind of plug and play
       | environment.
       | 
       | My core requirements are really privacy and that it starts taking
       | over the unitaskers/plays well together with other things. There
       | is a reason I am buying all this local stuff. If you phone
       | home/require me to set up an account with you I probably don't
       | want to buy your product. I want to be able to say 'Freddy, set
       | timer for 10 mins' or 'Freddy, what is the number one tourist
       | attraction in South Dakota' (wall drugs if you were wondering)
        
         | protocolture wrote:
         | Keen for this also. Been having issues getting a smooth voice
         | experience from HA to ChatGPT. I dont like the whole wakeword
         | concept for the receiver either. I think theres work to be done
         | on the whole stack.
        
           | 6510 wrote:
           | It should participate in all conversations, take initiative
           | and experiment.
        
             | sdenton4 wrote:
             | "Hey, hey, are you still asleep? Using spare cycles, I have
             | designed an optimal recipe for mashed potatoes, as you
             | mentioned ten days ago. I need you to go get some
             | potatoes."
        
               | FeepingCreature wrote:
               | I unironically want this.
        
               | 6510 wrote:
               | I forget who but someone onhere a while back said he made
               | a contraption that listens in and tries to determine the
               | winner of each conversation.
        
               | terribleperson wrote:
               | A local AI system that hears your conversations,
               | identifies problems, and then uses spare cycles to devise
               | solutions for them is actually an incredible idea. I'm
               | never going to give a cloud system the kind of access it
               | would need to do a really good job, but a local one I
               | control? Absolutely.
               | 
               | "Hey, are you still having trouble with[succinct summary
               | of a problem it identified]?" "Yes" "I have a solution
               | that meets your requirements as I understand them, and
               | fits in your budget."
        
               | darkwater wrote:
               | "Did you find how to make peace with $FRIEND_OF_SPOUSE
               | after they came here last week and they were pretty mad
               | at you because you should tell something to $SPOUSE ? I
               | thought about it in my spare cycles and all psychologists
               | agree that truth and trust are paramount in a healthy
               | relationship"
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | > A local AI system that hears your conversations,
               | identifies problems, and then uses spare cycles to devise
               | solutions for them is actually an incredible idea.
               | 
               | I call that Dreaming.
               | 
               | (TM)
        
               | BizarroLand wrote:
               | If you could get an AI to listen to the conversations
               | that happen in your sphere of influence and simply jot
               | down the problems it identifies over the course of the
               | day/week/month/year, that in itself would be an amazing
               | tool.
               | 
               | Doubly so if you could just talk and brainstorm while
               | it's listening and condensing, so you can circle back
               | later and see what raindrops formed from the brainstorm.
               | 
               | Call that DayDreaming (TM)
        
               | quietsegfault wrote:
               | This sounds a lot like gptars. I want a little gptars
               | tearing around my house.
               | 
               | https://youtube.com/shorts/e2t0RxX4b54
        
               | 6510 wrote:
               | I forgot about him. Great project!
               | 
               | Reminds me of a video from the 90's where some wizard put
               | a camcorder and a giant antenna on a petrol powered rc
               | car, an even bigger antenna on his house and controlled
               | it from a 40's style sofa and a huge tube TV in his
               | cramped garage. Over a mile range. Surrounded by enormous
               | cars I think he was going 40-50 mph but with the
               | screaming engine sound and the camera so low to the
               | ground it looked like 500 mph. I'm still laughing, it
               | looked like he was having all of the fun.
        
               | 6510 wrote:
               | I ponder the concept in the 90's. Initially I thought it
               | should be an assistant but with age came wisdom and now I
               | think it should be a virtual drill instructor. "Rise and
               | shine $insult $insult, the sun is up, the store is open,
               | we will be getting some potatoes today, $insult $insult,
               | it was all your idea now apply yourself!" Bright lights
               | flashing, loud music, the shower starts running. "Shower
               | time, you have 7 minutes! $insult $insult" 4 minutes in
               | the coffee machine boots up. "You will be wearing the
               | blue pants, top shelve on the left stack, the green
               | shirt, 7th from the left. Faster faster! $insult $insult"
        
           | nickthegreek wrote:
           | you can use a physical button instead of wakeword.
        
             | protocolture wrote:
             | Doesnt suit my use case sadly.
        
               | 0xdeadbeefbabe wrote:
               | Back to the drawing board. What about a proximity sensor?
        
           | fennecbutt wrote:
           | What's wrong with the wakeword stuff?
           | 
           | Great timing as I was looking into it yesterday as was
           | thinking about writing my own set of agents to run house
           | stuff. I don't want to spent loads of time on voice
           | interaction so HA wakeword stuff would've been useful. If not
           | I'll bypass HA for voice and really only use HA via mcp.
           | 
           | I can do fw dev for micros...but omg do I not want to spend
           | the time looking thru a datasheet and getting something to
           | run efficiently myself these days.
        
         | Normal_gaussian wrote:
         | No, there isn't a plug and play one yet, but I've have great
         | success with Home Assistant and the Home Assistant Voice
         | Preview edition and its goal is pretty much to get rid of
         | Alexa.
         | 
         | I'd imagine you'd have a bunch of cheap ones in the house that
         | are all WiFi + Mic + Speakers, streaming back to your actual
         | voice processing box (which would cost a wee bit more, but also
         | have local access to all the data it needs).
         | 
         | You can see quite quickly that this becomes just another
         | program running on a host, so if you use a slightly beefier
         | machine and chuck a WiFi card in as well you've got your WiFi
         | extenders.
        
           | mcny wrote:
           | And if it is plugged in to the wall, I'd be tempted to add a
           | touch screen display and a camera just in case.
           | 
           | But really my use case is as simple as
           | 
           | 1. Wake word, what time is it in ____
           | 
           | 2. Wake word, how is the weather in ____
           | 
           | 3. Wake word, will it rain/snow/?? in _____ today / tomorrow
           | / ??
           | 
           | 4. Wake word, what is ______
           | 
           | 5. Wake word, when is the next new moon / full moon?
           | 
           | 6. Wake word, when is sunrise / sunset?
           | 
           | And something similar like that
        
             | sallveburrpi wrote:
             | So you need a clock maybe? Plus something like wttr.in
        
           | joshstrange wrote:
           | > but I've have great success with Home Assistant and the
           | Home Assistant Voice Preview edition
           | 
           | As compared to Alexa? I bought their preview hardware (and
           | had a home-rolled ESP32 version before that even) and things
           | are getting closer, I can see the future where this works but
           | we aren't there today IMHO. HA Voice (the current hardware)
           | does not do well enough in the mic or speaker [0] department
           | when compared to the Echos. My Echo can hear me over just
           | about anything and I can hear it back, the HA Voice hardware
           | is too quiet and the mic does not pick my up from the same
           | distances or noise pollution levels as the Echo.
           | 
           | I _love_ my HA setup and run everything through it. I'd like
           | nothing more than to trash all my Echos, I cam close to
           | ordering multiple of the preview devices but convinced myself
           | to get just 1 to test (glad I did).
           | 
           | Bottom line: I think HA Voice is the future (for me) but it's
           | not ready yet, it doesn't compare to the Echos. I wish so
           | much that my Sonos speakers could integrate with HA Voice
           | since I already have those everywhere and I know they sound
           | good.
           | 
           | [0] I use Sonos for all my music/audio listening in my house
           | so I only care about the speaker for hearing it talk back to
           | me, I don't need high-end audiophile speakers.
        
             | luma wrote:
             | I had the same experience, eBay suggests that I'll have a
             | Jabra speakerphone in my mailbox tomorrow to try moving
             | everything to a better audio setup. The software seems good
             | but the audio performance is miserable on the preview
             | device, you essentially have to be talking directly at the
             | microphone from not more than a few feet away for anything
             | to recognize.
             | 
             | Sadly, the Jabra (or any USB) audio device means I'll need
             | to shift over to an rPi which comes with it's own lifecycle
             | challenges.
        
             | Normal_gaussian wrote:
             | I've not had any issues with the audio picking up, but its
             | in the living room rather than the kitchen. I have Alexa's
             | in most rooms. I don't play music through it, which I do
             | from the Alexa. Tbh I think the mic and the speakers will
             | be fine when the rest of the 'product' is sorted.
             | 
             | I failed to mention I have Claude connected to it rather
             | than their default assistant. To us, this just beats Alexa
             | hands down. I have the default assistant another wake word
             | and mistral on the last, they're about as good as Alexa but
             | I rarely use them.
        
               | joshstrange wrote:
               | Interesting, well I'm glad it's working well for you all.
               | I tested with local, HA Cloud, and ChatGPT/Claude and
               | that wasn't the sticking point, it was getting the
               | hardware to hear me or for me to hear it.
               | 
               | I will say, while it was too slow (today) with the my
               | local inference hardware (CPU, older computer and a
               | little on my newer MBP) it was magically to talk to and
               | hear back from HA all locally. I look forward to a future
               | where I can do that at the same speed/quality as the
               | cloud models. Yes, I know cloud models will continue to
               | get better but turning on/off my fans/lights/etc doesn't
               | need to best model available, just needs to be reliable
               | and fast, I'm even fine with it "shelling out" to the
               | cloud if I ask it for something outside of the basics
               | though I doubt I'll care to do that.
        
         | throwaway7783 wrote:
         | And toys
        
         | fuzzer371 wrote:
         | And there never will be. You know why? Because the giant
         | corporations can't suck up all your data and tailor
         | advertisements to you. Why sell a good thing once, when you can
         | sell crappy shovelware ridden with ads and a subscription
         | service every month?
        
           | jmward01 wrote:
           | Open source is amazing for this. Honestly, I suspect this is
           | much simpler than the jellyfin ecosystem and other open
           | source projects out there. Really, we are so close to this
           | now it is just missing a few things like a good 'how to' that
           | ties it all together and turns into the opensource repo that
           | bundles things.
        
         | colechristensen wrote:
         | I've been working on this on and off for a couple of years now,
         | the loop is definitely closing, I think it's possible at this
         | point but not yet easy.
        
         | empiko wrote:
         | The sota chatbots are getting more and more functionality that
         | is not just LLM inference. They can search the web, process
         | files, integrate with other apps. I think that's why most
         | people will consider local LLMs to be insufficient very soon.
        
           | woooooo wrote:
           | But that's just software that also runs fine locally. A few
           | tools with a local LLM can do it.
        
             | empiko wrote:
             | Well I don't see people running their web search locally,
             | so I don't think they will run their own search+LLM.
        
           | BoxOfRain wrote:
           | Nah I disagree, tool calling isn't that difficult. I've got
           | my own Cats Effect based model orchestration project I'm
           | working on, and while it's not 100% yet I can do web browse,
           | web search, memory search (this one is cool), and others on
           | my own hardware.
        
         | ragebol wrote:
         | A bit like HomeAssistant Voice? https://www.home-
         | assistant.io/voice-pe/
        
         | zwnow wrote:
         | > Well, at least people like me want this.
         | 
         | Yeah because dynamic digital price signs in shops based on what
         | data vendors have about you and AI can extract from it are such
         | fun! Total surveillance. More than what's already happening.
         | Such fun!
        
         | mkul wrote:
         | I've just started using it but I'd recommend
         | https://github.com/steipete/clawdis, you need to set it up a
         | bit but it's really cool to just be able to do things on the go
         | by just texting an assistant. You can see all the different
         | ways people are using it @clawdbot on twitter.
        
           | mr_mitm wrote:
           | Can you give us some highlights on how this is helpful in
           | your day-to-day life for those of us who aren't on twitter?
        
           | BizarroLand wrote:
           | Why does it require an online AI service? Why can it not work
           | with ollama or some other locally hosted setup?
        
         | sofixa wrote:
         | It sounds like you want Home Asisstant.
         | 
         | You have all of the different components:
         | 
         | * you can use a number of things for the interactive devices
         | (any touchscreen device, buttons, voice, etc)
         | 
         | * have it HA do the basic parsing (word for word matching),
         | with optionally plugging into something more complex (cloud
         | service like ChatGPT, or self-hosted Ollama or whatever) for
         | more advanced parsing (logical parsing)
         | 
         | Every part of the ecosystem is interchangeable and very open.
         | You can use a bunch of different devices, a bunch of different
         | LLMs to do the advanced parsing if you want it. HA can control
         | pretty much everything with an API, and can itself be
         | controlled by pretty much anything that can talk an API.
        
         | PunchyHamster wrote:
         | There is but that market doesn't sell subscriptions and that is
         | what tech giants wants to sell - renewable flow of money that
         | will keep flowing even if product stagnates because effort to
         | move to competition is big.
        
           | Haaargio wrote:
           | We are in a free market with china still playing the open
           | source game.
           | 
           | The market is not ready for building this due to costs etc.
           | not because the big companies block them or anything. And
           | nvidia is not selling subscriptions at all.
        
       | geerlingguy wrote:
       | I've just tried replicating this on my Pi 5 16GB, running the
       | latest llama.cpp... and it segfaults:
       | ./build/bin/llama-cli -m
       | "models/Qwen3-30B-A3B-Instruct-2507-Q3_K_S-2.70bpw.gguf" -e --no-
       | mmap -t 4         ...         Loading model...
       | -ggml_aligned_malloc: insufficient memory (attempted to allocate
       | 24576.00 MB)         ggml_backend_cpu_buffer_type_alloc_buffer:
       | failed to allocate buffer of size 25769803776
       | alloc_tensor_range: failed to allocate CPU buffer of size
       | 25769803776         llama_init_from_model: failed to initialize
       | the context: failed to allocate buffer for kv cache
       | Segmentation fault
       | 
       | I'm not sure how they're running it... any kind of guide for
       | replicating their results? It does take up a little over 10 GB of
       | RAM (watching with btop) before it segfaults and quits.
       | 
       | [Edit: had to add -c 4096 to cut down the context size, now it
       | loads]
        
         | batch12 wrote:
         | Could they have added some swap?
        
           | geerlingguy wrote:
           | No, just updated the parent comment, I added -c 4096 to cut
           | down the context size, and now the model loads.
           | 
           | I'm able to get 6-7 tokens/sec generation with 10-11
           | tokens/sec prompt processing with their model. Seems quite
           | good, actually--much more useful than llama 3.2:3b, which has
           | comparable performance on this Pi.
        
             | layoric wrote:
             | Thanks for posting the performance numbers from your own
             | validation. 6-7 tokens/sec is quite remarkable for the
             | hardware.
        
               | geerlingguy wrote:
               | Some more benchmarking, and with larger outputs (like
               | writing an entire relatively complex TODO list app) it
               | seems to go down to 4-6 tokens/s. Still impressive.
        
               | geerlingguy wrote:
               | Decided to run an actual llama-bench run and let it go
               | for the hour or two it needs. I'm posting my full results
               | here (https://github.com/geerlingguy/ai-
               | benchmarks/issues/47), but 8-10 t/s pp, and 7.99 t/s
               | tg128, this is on a Pi 5 with no overclocking. Could
               | probably increase the numbers slightly with an overclock.
               | 
               | You need to have a fan/heatsink to get that speed of
               | course, it's maxing out the CPU for the entire time.
        
             | Aurornis wrote:
             | > I added -c 4096 to cut down the context size
             | 
             | That's a pretty big caveat. In my experience, using a small
             | context size is only okay for very short answers and
             | questions. The output looks coherent until you try to use
             | it for anything, then it turns into the classic LLM babble
             | that looks like words are being put into a coherent order
             | but the sum total of the output is just rambling.
        
             | nallic wrote:
             | for some reason I only get 3-4 tokens/sec. I checked the
             | CPU does not throttle or anything.
        
         | LargoLasskhyfv wrote:
         | Have you tried anything with
         | https://codeberg.org/ikawrakow/illama
         | 
         | https://github.com/ikawrakow/ik_llama.cpp and their 4Bit-
         | quants?
         | 
         | Or maybe even Microsofts Bitnet?
         | https://github.com/microsoft/BitNet
         | 
         | https://github.com/ikawrakow/ik_llama.cpp/pull/337
         | 
         | https://huggingface.co/microsoft/bitnet-b1.58-2B-4T-gguf ?
         | 
         | That would be an interesting comparison for running local LLMs
         | on such low-end/edge-devices. Or common office machines with
         | only iGPU.
        
         | westpfelia wrote:
         | Would you be able to actually get useful results from it? I'm
         | looking into self hosting LLM's for python/js development. But
         | I dont know if I would get useful results.
        
           | graemep wrote:
           | I have been thinking the same and have tried a little. I have
           | tried some small models and got some useful results.
           | 
           | I have not figured out what models that fit in the available
           | memory (say 16Gb) that would be best for doing this. A CPU
           | model I can run on a laptop would be nice. The models I have
           | tried are much smaller than 30B.
        
         | thcuk wrote:
         | Tested same model on Intel N100 miniPC with 16G - the hundred
         | bucks pc
         | 
         | llama-server -m /Qwen3-30B-A3B-Instruct-2507-GGUF:IQ3_S --jinja
         | -c 4096 --host 0.0.0.0 --port 8033 Got <= 10 t/s Which I think
         | is not so bad!
         | 
         | On AMD Ryzen 5 5500U with Radeon Graphics and Compiled for
         | Vulkan Got 15 t/s - could swear this morning was <= 20 t/s
         | 
         | On AMD Ryzen 7 H 255 w/ Radeon 780M Graphics and Compiled for
         | Vulkan Got 40 t/s On the last I did a quick comparison with
         | unsloth version unsloth/Qwen3-30B-A3B-GGUF:Q4_K_M and got 25
         | t/s Can't really comment on quality of output - seems similar
        
       | lostmsu wrote:
       | GPT-OSS-20B is only 11.2GB. Should fit in any 16GB machine with
       | descent context without any quality degradation.
        
       | jareds wrote:
       | Is there a good place for easy comparisons of different models? I
       | know gpt-oss-20b and gpt-oss-120b have different numbers of
       | parameters, but don't know what this means in practice. All my
       | experience with AI has been with larger models like Gemini and
       | GPT. I'm interested in running models on my own hardware but
       | don't know how small I can go and still get useful output both
       | for simple things like fixing spelling and grammar, as well as
       | complex things like programming.
        
         | jdright wrote:
         | https://swe-rebench.com/
        
         | ekidd wrote:
         | One easy way to test different models is purchase $20 worth of
         | tokens from one of the Open Router-like sites. This will let
         | you asks tons of questions and try out lots of models.
         | 
         | Realistically, the biggest models you can run at a reasonable
         | price right now are quantized versions of things like the Qwen3
         | 30B A3B family. A 4-bit quantized version fits in roughly 15GB
         | of RAM. This will run _very_ nicely on something like an Nvidia
         | 3090. But you can also use your regular RAM (though it will be
         | slower).
         | 
         | These models aren't competitive with GPT 5 or Opus 4.5! But
         | they're mostly all noticeably better than GPT-4o, some by quite
         | a bit. Some of the 30B models will run as basic agentic coders.
         | 
         | There are also some great 4B to 8B models from various
         | organizations that will fit on smaller systems. A 8B model, for
         | example, can be a great translator.
         | 
         | (If you have a bunch of money and patience, you can also run
         | something like GPT OSS 120B or GLM 4.5 Air locally.)
        
           | cmrdporcupine wrote:
           | This is the answer. There's a half dozen sites that let you
           | run these models by the token, and actually $20 is excessive.
           | $5 will get you a long long way.
        
           | kouteiheika wrote:
           | > (If you have a bunch of money and patience, you can also
           | run something like GPT OSS 120B or GLM 4.5 Air locally.)
           | 
           | Don't need patience for these, just money. A single RTX 6000
           | Pro runs those great and super fast.
        
             | Muromec wrote:
             | Oh... 8 thousand of eurobucks for the thing.
        
               | cfn wrote:
               | Or 4 thousand for the NVIDIA RTX A6000 which also runs
               | the 120b just fine (quantized).
        
             | sofixa wrote:
             | Or a single AMD Strix Halo with lots of RAM, which could be
             | had before the RAM crisis for ~1.5k eur.
        
             | Haaargio wrote:
             | Or why not just buy a blackwell rack?
             | 
             | Runs everything today with bleeding edge performance.
             | 
             | Overall whats the difference between 8k or 30k?
             | 
             | /s
        
               | kouteiheika wrote:
               | You jest, but there's a ton of people on /r/localLLaMA
               | which have an RTX 6000 Pro. No one has a Blackwell rack.
               | 
               | As long as you have the money this hardware is easily
               | accessible to normal people, unlike fancy server
               | hardware.
        
             | scotty79 wrote:
             | > GPT OSS 120B
             | 
             | This one runs at perfectly servicable pace locally on a
             | laptop 5090 with 64gb system ram with zero effort required.
             | Just download ollama and select this model from the drop-
             | down.
        
           | nl wrote:
           | I wrote https://tools.nicklothian.com/llm_comparator.html so
           | you can compare different models.
           | 
           | OpenRouter gives you $10 credit when you sign up - stick your
           | API key in and compare as many models as you want. It's all
           | browser local storage.
        
       | anonzzzies wrote:
       | We need custom inference chips at scale for this imho. Every
       | computer (whatever formfactor/board) should have an inference
       | unit on it so at least inference is efficient and fast and can be
       | offloaded while the cpu is doing something else.
        
         | fouc wrote:
         | I can't believe this was downvoted. It makes a lot of sense
         | that it would be highly useful to have mass custom inference
         | chips.
        
           | bigyabai wrote:
           | It's quite easy to understand. The tech industry has gone
           | through 4-5 generations of obsolete NPU hardware that was
           | dead-on-arrival. Meanwhile, there are still GPUs from
           | 2014-2016 that run CUDA and are more power efficient than the
           | NPUs.
           | 
           | The industry _has_ to copy CUDA, or give up and focus on
           | raster. ASIC solutions are a snipe chase, not to mention
           | small and slow.
        
         | chvid wrote:
         | Look at the specs of this Orange Pi 6+ board - dedicated 30 TPU
         | NPU.
         | 
         | https://boilingsteam.com/orange-pi-6-plus-review/
        
         | baq wrote:
         | At this point of the timeline compute is cheap, it's RAM which
         | is basically unavailable.
        
         | Aurornis wrote:
         | The bottleneck in common PC hardware is mostly memory
         | bandwidth. Offloading the computation part to a different chip
         | wouldn't help if memory access is the bottleneck.
         | 
         | There have been a lot of boards and chips for years with
         | dedicated compute hardware, but they're only so useful for
         | these LLM models that require huge memory bandwidth.
        
           | touristtam wrote:
           | It is also to note that the bandwidth bus has seen very
           | little upgrade over the years and even the onboard RAM on GPU
           | card have seen mediocre upgrades. If everyone and their
           | grandma wasn't using NVidia GPUs we would probably have seen
           | a more competitive market and greater changes outside the
           | chip itself.
        
             | bigyabai wrote:
             | I don't think that's true. AMD, Apple and Intel are all
             | dGPU competitors with roughly the same struggle bringing
             | upgrades to market. They have every incentive to release a
             | disruptive product, but refuse to invest in their ecosystem
             | the way Nvidia did.
        
         | sofixa wrote:
         | Almost all of them have it already. Microsoft's "Copilot+"
         | branding includes a prerequisite for an NPU with a minimal
         | amount of TOPS.
         | 
         | It's just that practically nothing uses those NPUs.
        
       | syntaxing wrote:
       | I feel like calling it a "30B" model is slightly disingenuous.
       | It's a 30B-A3B. So only 3B parameters is active at a given time.
       | While still impressive nevertheless, being able to get 8T/s for a
       | "A3B" compared to a dense 30B is very different.
        
         | throwaway894345 wrote:
         | What does it mean that only 3B parameters are active at a time?
         | Also any indication of whether this was purely CPU or if it's
         | using the Pi's GPU?
        
           | kouteiheika wrote:
           | > What does it mean that only 3B parameters are active at a
           | time?
           | 
           | In a nutshell: LLMs generate tokens one at a time. "only 3B
           | parameters active a a time" means that for each of those
           | tokens only 3B parameters need to be fetched from memory,
           | instead of _all_ of them (30B).
        
             | tgv wrote:
             | Then I don't understand why it would matter. Or does it
             | really mean that for each input token 10% of the total
             | network runs, and then another 10% for the next token,
             | rather than running each 10 batches of 10% for each token?
             | If so, any idea or pointer to how the selection works?
        
               | kouteiheika wrote:
               | Yes, for each token only, say, 10% of the weights are
               | necessary, so you don't have to fetch the remaining 90%
               | from memory, which makes inference much faster (if you're
               | memory bound; if you're doing single batch inference then
               | you're certainly memory bound).
               | 
               | As to how the selection works - each mixture-of-experts
               | layer in the netwosk has essentially a small subnetwork
               | called a "router" which looks at the input and calculates
               | the scores for each expert; then the best scoring experts
               | are picked and the inputs are only routed to them.
        
           | numpad0 wrote:
           | I've asked Gemini about it the other day(I'm dumb and
           | shameless). Apparently it means that the model branches into
           | bunch of 3B sections in the middle and joins at both ends,
           | totaling in parameters at 30B. This means computational
           | footprint reduces to (bottom "router" parts + 3B + top parts)
           | of effectively-5B or whatever specific to that model implied
           | by "3B", rather than the full 30B.
           | 
           | MoE models still operate on token-by-token basis, i.e.
           | "pot/at/o" -> "12345/7654/8472". "Experts" are selected on
           | per-token basis, not per-interation, so "expert" naming might
           | be a bit of a misnomer, or marketing.
        
         | CamperBob2 wrote:
         | Out of curiosity, I just tried
         | Qwen3-30B-A3B-Instruct-2507-Q3_K_S-2.70bpw.gguf (the version
         | they recommend for the Raspberry Pi) on a Blackwell GPU. It
         | cranked out 200+ tokens per second on some private benchmark
         | queries, and it is surprisingly sharp.
         | 
         | It punches _well_ above the weight class expected from 3B
         | active parameters. You could build the bear in Spielberg 's
         | "AI" with this thing, if not the kid.
        
           | rcarmo wrote:
           | I'm bearish about that kind of future :)
        
       | tgtweak wrote:
       | So basically the quantization in a byteshape model is per-tensor
       | and can be variable and is an "average" in the final result? The
       | results look good - curious why this isn't more prevalent! Would
       | also love to better understand what factors into "accuracy" since
       | there might be some nuance there depending on the measure.
        
         | kouteiheika wrote:
         | > Would also love to better understand what factors into
         | "accuracy" since there might be some nuance there depending on
         | the measure.
         | 
         | It's accuracy across GSM8K, MMLU, IFEVAL and LiveCodeBench.
         | 
         | They detail their methodology here:
         | https://byteshape.com/blogs/Qwen3-4B-I-2507/
        
       | TheRealPomax wrote:
       | LLMs are, by definition, real time at any speed. 50,000 tokens
       | per second? Real time. Only 0.0002 tokens per minute? Still real
       | time.
       | 
       | Eight tokens per second is "real time" in that sense, but that's
       | also the kind of speeds that we used to mock old video games for,
       | when they would show "computers" but the text would slowly get
       | printed to a screen letter for letter or word for word.
        
         | kouteiheika wrote:
         | In this context by "real time" people usually mean "as fast as
         | I can read the reply", so, 0.0002 tokens per minute would not
         | be considered "real time".
        
           | rurban wrote:
           | Real time typically means guaranteed reaction time below
           | 30ms, because slower reactions will make the body through up.
        
         | baq wrote:
         | Real time is defined as 'no slower than some critical speed',
         | in case of conversation with humans this should be around 10
         | tok/s including speech synthesis.
        
       | runlaszlorun wrote:
       | I'm just pulling stuff out of my butt here but is this an area
       | where an fpga might be worth it for a particular type of model?
        
       | syx wrote:
       | I can't wait to get home and try this on my Pi. Past few months,
       | I've been building a fully local agent [0] that runs inference
       | entirely on a Raspberry Pi, and I've been extensively testing a
       | plethora of small, open models as part of my studies. This is an
       | incredibly exciting field, and I hope it gains more attention as
       | we shift away from massive, centralized AI platforms and toward
       | improving the performance of local models.
       | 
       | For anyone interested in a comparative review of different models
       | that can run on a Pi, here's a great article [1] I came across
       | while working on my project.
       | 
       | [0] https://github.com/syxanash/maxheadbox
       | 
       | [1] https://www.stratosphereips.org/blog/2025/6/5/how-well-do-
       | ll...
        
       | cess11 wrote:
       | We're approaching the point where we could have sophisticated
       | sound controlled sex toys.
        
       | oliwary wrote:
       | Does anyone have any use-cases for long-running, interesting
       | tasks that do not require perfect accuracy? Seems like this would
       | be the sweet spot for running local models on low-powered
       | hardware.
        
         | baq wrote:
         | looking at the dump of your home assistant server and sensor
         | data and saying 'hmm that's interesting' if it notices
         | something interesting
        
       | MORPHOICES wrote:
       | I have been seeing these stories about bigger AI models that
       | somehow work on small devices like a Raspberry Pi. One example
       | really caught my eye lately. It was not just some quick show off
       | thing. The model could interact and respond right away in real
       | time. ~
       | 
       | That got me thinking again about what practical even means when
       | it comes to AI running on the edge. Like, away from big servers.
       | 
       | I came up with a basic way to look at it. First, capability. That
       | is, what kinds of tasks can it handle decently. Then latency.
       | Does it respond quick enough so it does not feel laggy. There are
       | also constraints to consider. Things like power use, how much
       | memory it needs, and heat buildup.
       | 
       | The use case part seems key too. What happens if you try to take
       | it off the cloud and run it locally. In my experience, a lot of
       | these edge AI demos fall short there. The tech looks impressive,
       | but it is hard to see why you really need it that way.
       | 
       | It seems like most people overlook that unclear need. I am
       | curious about how others see it. Local inference probably beats
       | cloud in spots where you cannot rely on internet, or maybe for
       | privacy reasons. Or when data stays on device for security.
       | 
       | Some workloads feel close right now. They might shift soon as
       | hardware gets better. I think stuff like voice assistants or
       | simple image recognition could tip over.
       | 
       | If someone has actually put a model on limited hardware, like in
       | a product, what stood out as a surprise. The thermals maybe, or
       | unexpected power drains. It feels like that part gets messy in
       | practice. I might be oversimplifying how tricky it all is.
        
       | nl wrote:
       | I've been super impressed by qwen3:0.6b (yes, 0.6B) running in
       | Ollama.
       | 
       | If you have very specific, constrained tasks it can do quite a
       | lot. It's not perfect though.
       | 
       | https://tools.nicklothian.com/llm_comparator.html?gist=fcae9...
       | is an example conversation where I took OpenAI's "Natural
       | language to SQL" prompt[1], send it to Ollama:qwen3:0.6b and the
       | asked Gemini Flash 3 to compare what qwen3:0.6b did vs what Flash
       | did.
       | 
       | Flash was clearly correct, but the qwen3:0.6b errors are
       | interesting in themselves.
       | 
       | [1] https://platform.openai.com/docs/examples/default-sql-
       | transl...
        
         | Aurornis wrote:
         | I've experimented with several of the really small models. It's
         | impressive that they can produce anything at all, but in my
         | experience the output is basically useless for anything of
         | value.
        
           | nl wrote:
           | Yes, I thought that too! But qwen3:0.6b (and to some extent
           | gemma 1b) has made me reevaluate.
           | 
           | They still aren't useful like large LLMs, but for things like
           | summarization, and other tasks where you can give them
           | structure but want the sheen of natural language they are
           | much better than things like the Phi series were.
        
             | redman25 wrote:
             | That's interesting. For what projects would you want the
             | "sheen of natural language" though?
        
               | nl wrote:
               | Say I want to auto-bookmark a bunch of tabs and need a
               | summary of each one. Using the title is a mechanical
               | solution, but a nice prompt and a small model can
               | summarize the title and contents into something much more
               | useful.
        
             | nunodonato wrote:
             | qwen3 family, mostly 4B and 8B are absolutely amazing. the
             | VL versions even more
        
       | shnpln wrote:
       | How would this run on a Jetson Orin Nano dev kit?
        
       | zoe_mnode wrote:
       | This is impressive work on quantization. It really validates the
       | hypothesis that software optimization (and proper memory
       | management) matters more than just raw FLOPs.
        
       | cwoolfe wrote:
       | How can I use ByteShape to run LLMs faster on my 32GB MacBook M1
       | Max? Or has Ollama already optimized that?
        
         | nunodonato wrote:
         | don't use ollama. llama.cpp is better because ollama has an
         | outdated llama.cpp
        
       | nunodonato wrote:
       | Had to try this on my laptop (vs my non-byteshape qwen3-30-a3b)
       | 
       | Original: 11tok/s Byteshape: 16tok/s
       | 
       | Quite a nice improvement!
        
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