[HN Gopher] What *is* code? (2015)
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       What *is* code? (2015)
        
       Author : bblcla
       Score  : 102 points
       Date   : 2026-01-01 22:08 UTC (6 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.bloomberg.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.bloomberg.com)
        
       | dang wrote:
       | Related. Others?
       | 
       |  _What Is Code? (2015)_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=33331697 - Oct 2022 (50
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _What is code_ - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=17259483 -
       | June 2018 (36 comments)
       | 
       |  _What Is Code?_ - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=9698870 -
       | June 2015 (356 comments)
        
         | kuharich wrote:
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=9699945
        
           | dang wrote:
           | Thanks! That one had only one comment (a good one though -
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=9700322) so I merged it
           | into https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=9698870. (and yes,
           | updated the comment count above)
        
       | kylehotchkiss wrote:
       | A Paul Ford masterpiece. I loved this so much when it came out, I
       | split the article into a bunch of tweets and had a bot repost
       | them every hour. rip, https://twitter.com/whatiscode
        
       | jurgenaut23 wrote:
       | Wow. The guy can write, that's for sure!
       | 
       | And what a refreshment from f*king AI slop that you find
       | everywhere these days.
        
         | Cthulhu_ wrote:
         | You can say fucking here, one, we're all adults, two, there's
         | no algorithms on HN penalising you (and if they were they'd
         | penalise you anyway because it's not 1995 anymore), and three,
         | it's almost insulting to believe replacing a letter with a star
         | will make a word unrecognisable.
         | 
         | That said, this is why I like HN or any other kind of curated
         | website, the voting systems and comments and the like will
         | (hopefully) make sure low-effort writing will be filtered out.
        
           | immibis wrote:
           | There are algorithms at play across HN. There are more types
           | of algorithms than ones that penalize comments with swear
           | words in them.
           | 
           | Some HN algorithms are run by HN servers, some are run by HN
           | moderators, and some are run by third parties.
        
       | iqp wrote:
       | Beautifully written, a joy to read but, sadly, it feels like
       | something from a bygone era. Nobody chants "Developers!
       | Developers! Developers!" anymore now that everything is dominated
       | by AI, and the joy of coding is gone too. People like Steve
       | Yegge, who I used to aspire to be like back in 2006, when I
       | started my career as a developer, now writes about how he uses
       | 10+ concurrent LLM agents to code, review, and ship & doesn't
       | even bother to even look at the code being produced anymore. Just
       | today, I implemented 2 features using Cursor & GPT-5.1 Codex-Max
       | & I didn't have to write a single line of code myself. But it
       | felt _wrong_. It makes me think,  "What am I even doing here -
       | Why not just let the product manager prompt the LLM?".
        
         | nemosaltat wrote:
         | Same, I got so much fomo from reading the gas town post I think
         | you're alluding too. Someone else can link it but it's not
         | "worth the read" in the way _this_ was communicates so many
         | ideas and captures /distills the zeitgeist of that time.
         | 
         | I guess the gas town one _does_ capture our moment, but
         | embracing YOLO spaghetti-o with reckless abandon, is a)
         | depressing, even though I also feel like a middling programmer
         | and b) actually seems to be dazzling these newer beleaguered
         | bureaucrats precisely because they think they could just talk
         | to the LLM instead of TMitTB.
         | 
         | Anyway, if that post and its ilk leave a bad taste, this was
         | mouthwash for me. Lucky 10,000 I know, but I had never seen
         | this (or felt so seen, as they say). I had to go check that he
         | wasn't wrong about PHP being Personal Home Page. I somehow
         | never picked up that the recursive naming thing is a
         | backcroynm.
        
         | Cthulhu_ wrote:
         | > It makes me think, "What am I even doing here - Why not just
         | let the product manager prompt the LLM?".
         | 
         | It feels different if you replace "LLM" with "outsourcing".
         | Thing is, instructing a team of software engineers what you
         | want is a lot more work (they need a lot more handholding), a
         | lot more expensive, and a lot slower. But I'd argue that the
         | work is the same - writing specifications, adjusting
         | accordingly. Minus the human factor.
         | 
         | LLM coding agents won't kill software development as a job, but
         | it will affect outsourcing and agencies as an industry. Of
         | course, outsourcing companies will / are using it too.
        
           | bossyTeacher wrote:
           | >LLM coding agents won't kill software development as a job
           | 
           | They won't same as the industrial revolution didn't kill
           | farming as a job but it sure did ate up most of the farming
           | roles. Most of the people you have ever met are people who
           | would have been farmers had they been born before the
           | revolution. Developers without much leverage, underpaid,
           | overworked and competing with hundreds of experienced devs
           | for a single role is likely to be the eventual future of most
           | software development thus gradually becoming similar to other
           | stem roles in terms of pay, competition and negotiation
           | power.
        
           | wiseowise wrote:
           | The difference is that before nobody forced you to be the
           | manager of outsourced team, either you're fired or you're
           | still working with code. Now you'll be expected to generate
           | everything and oversee 10 agents.
        
         | christoph-heiss wrote:
         | Why are you using LLMs then, if you enjoy the actual process of
         | thinking about a problem and solving it by writing code?
         | 
         | It's definitely a more enjoyable world this way.
        
           | tjr wrote:
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=46424585
        
             | christoph-heiss wrote:
             | Fortunately, at least in Europe, there are definitely
             | companies still around who either don't force the usage of
             | slop machines or even have a culture of rejecting them
             | completely (yes, that's a thing, and I'm glad to be working
             | at such a company).
             | 
             | So no, this isn't universally true.
        
               | wiseowise wrote:
               | It's because you're working in a retirement home (I do
               | too), Europe lags a couple of years before US. Give it
               | time.
        
           | shawnz wrote:
           | I used to think this, until I tried it. Now I see that it
           | effectively removes all the tedium while still letting you
           | have whatever level of creative control you want over the
           | output.
           | 
           | Just imagine that instead of having to work off of an
           | amorphous draft in your head, it really creates the draft
           | right in front of you in actual code. You can still shape and
           | craft and refine it just the same, but now you have tons more
           | working memory free to use for the actually meaningful parts
           | of the problem.
           | 
           | And, you're way less burdened by analysis paralysis. Instead
           | of running in circles thinking about how you want to
           | implement something, you can just try it both ways. There's
           | no sunk cost of picking the wrong approach because it's
           | practically instantaneous.
        
             | layer8 wrote:
             | I'm getting the impression that developers vary
             | substantially in what they consider tedium, or meaningful.
        
               | shawnz wrote:
               | Sure, and that goes even for myself. Like for example, on
               | some projects maybe I'll be more interested in exploring
               | a particular architectural choice than actually focusing
               | on the details of the feature. It ultimately doesn't
               | matter, the point is that you can choose where to spend
               | your attention, instead of being forced to always go
               | through all the motions even for things that are just
               | irrelevant boilerplate
        
               | Groxx wrote:
               | Shockingly, software developers are people, and are as
               | varied as people are elsewhere. Particularly since it
               | became (relatively) mainstream.
        
         | danieltanfh95 wrote:
         | Why not just let the product manager use some no-code tool?
         | 
         | I think software engineers are having an identity disconnect
         | from their roles as engineers vs coders. Engineering is about
         | solving problems via tools and knowledge through constraints.
         | An engineer is not diminished by having other engineers or
         | better tooling as assistants. If you are having problems
         | understanding your role in the problem, frankly you need to
         | review your skillset and adjust.
        
           | vacuity wrote:
           | You are correct in the abstract, but concretely I contest how
           | useful LLMs are for producing software. I don't doubt their
           | usefulness in prototyping or, say, writing web apps, but I
           | truly do not think they are revolutionary for me, or for
           | software development as a whole.
        
       | olowe wrote:
       | I was lost, literally, hitchhiking across the Australian outback
       | when this article was published. Going home felt scary because I
       | was afraid to be alone with no one else sharing my interests.
       | Travelling made life enjoyable again because just surviving felt
       | like an achievement. But I felt so, so isolated (again,
       | literally!) from modern society. I wanted to find out why I was
       | so deeply interested in computers but not in "tech". They must
       | work somehow... why did my iPhone (sold that) feel similar to my
       | PC (sold that too) but only one is called a computer? This
       | article framed things in a way that shook me out of a physically
       | dangerous, homeless, jobless rut. It was all code. And I could
       | learn it if I had the time.
       | 
       | Perhaps it was the way it was written; I couldn't believe
       | intrigue and passion of computing could be weaved together like
       | this. But there it was.
       | 
       | I did make it home eventually. Fortunately the first 2000km lift
       | back from western Australia to the eastern states with a crystal
       | meth addict on the run from the police didn't end violently. A
       | few weeks back in Sydney with family some Linux nerds found me
       | working as a receptionist answering phones and scanning paper
       | records in at a failing medical practice. They got me doing
       | desktop Windows and Linux server support. I'm an official
       | software engineer now. I guess I should print this article out to
       | show to my kids!
        
         | adityaathalye wrote:
         | This story is "best comments" material. It would be even if it
         | were a fabulist tale. Thanks for sharing!
        
           | olowe wrote:
           | Haha thanks for saying that. It's real! It's relatively easy
           | to get into the middle of nowhere in Australia after all ;)
           | Actually still haven't published my journal scribblings on my
           | blog 10 years on..
        
         | bossyTeacher wrote:
         | >some Linux nerds found me working as a receptionist answering
         | phones and scanning paper records in at a failing medical
         | practice. They got me doing desktop Windows and Linux server
         | support. I'm an official software engineer now
         | 
         | There is a gap between receptionist and official software
         | engineer. Please, give us more details about your journey and
         | what happened in between
        
           | wavemode wrote:
           | > There is a gap between receptionist and official software
           | engineer.
           | 
           | At many companies (especially old, stodgy companies) this gap
           | is artificial. The day you get asked "hey, I've got some data
           | .... and I need ..." and you successfully solve the person's
           | problem, is the day you become the office's live-in software
           | engineer. That person you helped will be back, and they will
           | bring friends.
           | 
           | The rest after that is just job title shuffling.
        
             | bossyTeacher wrote:
             | Not sure what country you live in, but where I live, a
             | receptionist doesn't have access to any data processing
             | tools that are not within the realm of a receptionist, and
             | therefore this mobility does not happen. The receptionist
             | ends up redirect the query to someone who has access to the
             | relevant systems.
             | 
             | What sort of companies are those were receptionists have
             | access to tools beyond their role? and why are people
             | approaching the receptionists asking for data queries?
             | 
             | Like having to run a script on that data when your machine
             | doesn't have the permissions to run arbitrary software
             | without permission from the IT team
        
               | piperswe wrote:
               | In a small business, the receptionist may be responsible
               | for inputting much of that data in the first place, and
               | it may just live on the receptionist's computer.
        
               | cestith wrote:
               | In fact in some companies outside of tech proper with
               | smaller headcount and less technically minded management,
               | by the time the boss decides to look into systems like
               | HRIS, CRM, ERM, and such the receptionist, office
               | manager, and/or the interns already have about 837 Excel
               | macros doing most of that work.
        
               | wavemode wrote:
               | You're still thinking too much in a "tech company"
               | mindset. At the kind of company I'm talking about,
               | concepts like "access" and "permissions" are irrelevant.
               | Most of the company's employees barely know how a
               | computer works.
               | 
               | You seemed vaguely tech savvy, so someone asked you for
               | help and emailed you a file containing the data (or
               | perhaps just handed you a laptop and turned you loose).
               | The rest is history.
               | 
               | It's a modern invention that companies have separate
               | software engineering orgs, software engineering roadmaps,
               | software engineering managers. At older companies, a
               | software developer is just another businessperson in a
               | cubicle. Your manager probably has an English degree.
        
               | EvanAnderson wrote:
               | > You seemed vaguely tech savvy, so someone asked you for
               | help and emailed you a file containing the data (or
               | perhaps just handed you a laptop and turned you loose).
               | The rest is history.
               | 
               | I know that someday I'll work in something other than IT.
               | When I do I am going to make for damned sure that I don't
               | express even the slightest bit of tech savvy for exactly
               | this reason.
               | 
               | It's similar to playing dumb w/ people I encounter
               | outside work who find out I work in IT. If I get asked a
               | question I play dumb and cop to working on some highly
               | siloed subject (usually I'll claim to only work on
               | "networking" or firewalls... >smile<).
        
               | dghlsakjg wrote:
               | Many small business.
               | 
               | The first job I had where I did anything technical (basic
               | JS and HTML) also had me cold calling, answering phones,
               | designing brochures, fiberglass repair, and some other
               | stuff I'm forgetting. Small businesses frequently have
               | more niche jobs than people and are more than happy to
               | have people help where they are interested.
               | 
               | My first full software job was a direct to consumer
               | company, and during the Christmas rush the entire front
               | office was on the packing line.
               | 
               | Larger companies tend to appreciate people staying in
               | their lane.
        
               | stonemetal12 wrote:
               | >receptionist answering phones and scanning paper records
               | in
               | 
               | They were also converting paper records to digital.
               | Asking the data entry person where the data is or how to
               | find paper record xyz in the digital system doesn't seem
               | odd.
        
               | inopinatus wrote:
               | Microsoft Excel is the #1 tool at the top of that rather
               | narrowly envisioned slippery slope, since you ask.
               | Followed by any web browser.
               | 
               | As for data access; the vast majority of firms,
               | worldwide, in every country, have abysmal internal
               | controls, and in many cases, none at all. The filing
               | cabinet is unlocked all day, everything from payroll to
               | posters is in a share that every network login can R/W,
               | and nobody cares.
        
           | afavour wrote:
           | Particularly those of us who don't have computer science
           | training kind of end up falling into this stuff.
           | 
           | One of my first jobs was as an admin assistant at a utilities
           | company. We logged data about pipe replacement, which was
           | done in something like five different spreadsheets, each
           | optimized for its printed form (legal requirements for paper
           | copies of various things). I knew just about enough about
           | Access to know that entering the same thing in 5 different
           | spreadsheets is a waste of everyone's time so set up a
           | database where people entered the information once and Access
           | forms generated the five printable versions. Management were
           | impressed and asked me what else I think might be possible.
           | Cue me diving into the world of complex forms, eventually
           | VBA, then once I got frustrated with that, VB.NET via
           | SharpDevelop (they sure as hell weren't paying for Visual
           | Studio), on and on. I was doing software engineering while
           | still keeping the job title of admin assistant.
           | 
           | ...then I went and got a real engineering job with a real
           | salary.
        
       | comradesmith wrote:
       | Code is rusty ankles and ashy kneecaps.
        
       | stingraycharles wrote:
       | Reminds me of this discussion between Alan Kay and Rich Hickey on
       | this site 9 years ago. Rich Hickey always asserted that code is
       | data (which aligns with the LISP view of the world), Alan Kay
       | thinks that's a bad idea.
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=11941656
        
         | dominicrose wrote:
         | Clojure is pretty similar to EDN which stands for extensible
         | data notation.
         | 
         | cf. https://clojure.org/reference/reader
        
       | weregiraffe wrote:
       | Baby, don't hurt me
        
         | andrewshadura wrote:
         | Don't hurt me, no more.
        
       | effnorwood wrote:
       | atomic sequences that make other atomic sequences change energy
       | states. now pass the butter.
        
       | throw0101d wrote:
       | One answer to the question, from Bryan Cantrill:
       | 
       | > _The thing that is remarkable about it is that it has this
       | property of being information--that we made it up--but it is also
       | machine, and it has these engineered properties. And this is
       | where software is unlikely anything we have ever done, and we 're
       | still grappling on that that means. What does it mean to have
       | information that functions as machine? It's got this duality: you
       | can see it as both._
       | 
       | * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vHPa5-BWd4w&t=4m37s
       | 
       | > _We suffer -- tremendously -- from a bias from traditional
       | engineering that writing code is like digging a ditch: that it is
       | a mundane activity best left to day labor -- and certainly
       | beneath the Gentleman Engineer. This belief is profoundly wrong
       | because software is not like a dam or a superhighway or a power
       | plant: in software, the blueprints _are_ the thing; the
       | abstraction _is_ the machine._
       | 
       | * https://bcantrill.dtrace.org/2007/07/28/on-the-beauty-in-bea...
        
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