[HN Gopher] A Beginner's Two-Component Crystal-Style Wi-Fi Detector
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       A Beginner's Two-Component Crystal-Style Wi-Fi Detector
        
       Author : jensgk
       Score  : 126 points
       Date   : 2025-12-31 13:00 UTC (3 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (siliconjunction.wordpress.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (siliconjunction.wordpress.com)
        
       | jqpabc123 wrote:
       | Can this be used to detect radiation escaping a microwave oven?
       | 
       | A friend of mine has a microwave that noticeably degrades his
       | wifi when it is in use.
        
         | zxexz wrote:
         | Sounds like he's in need of a new microwave. Not tongue-in-
         | cheek; sounds like there's something up with the shielding, and
         | if it's not visible, how will you know if it gets worse?
         | 
         | Edit: I see no reason this wouldn't work, however?
        
           | jeffbee wrote:
           | There is not substantial variance from one microwave to the
           | next. They are all made by one outfit, then dressed up in
           | different superficial brands and priced randomly. The
           | emissions of a microwave oven are regulated by the FDA, not
           | the FCC.
        
         | bgbntty2 wrote:
         | I've tested a few microwaves from different manufacturers with
         | my phone a few years ago. I think I looked at some file in my
         | router (OpenWRT), but I can't recall. I got a lot of dropped
         | packets each time. The amount of degradation was similar for
         | the different microwaves.
         | 
         | I had to put the phone close to the microwave to detect this.
         | The degradation was obviously stronger when the phone was
         | closer.
         | 
         | If your friend experiences noticeable degradation regardless of
         | the distance within the room, it might be worrisome.
         | 
         | But I think it's normal to have some interference. That doesn't
         | necessarily mean enough of the 2.4 GHz radiation escapes the
         | microwave to be harmful to an animal, as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and
         | so on are very weak, comparatively.
         | 
         | Funny thing is, after putting my phone inside a closed turned
         | off microwave, it got Wi-Fi, although very weak. I didn't try
         | that with all the microwaves, but with 2 or 3 of them.
         | 
         | I think the Faraday cage around the microwave was built to be
         | good enough for safety, but it wasn't built with Wi-Fi
         | interference in mind.
         | 
         | Disclaimer: I might be wrong, as I don't have enough background
         | to make any bold claims.
        
           | avidiax wrote:
           | > If your friend experiences noticeable degradation
           | regardless of the distance within the room, it might be
           | worrisome.
           | 
           | Probably not. I recall calculating it once, and the legal
           | requirements for microwave oven shielding still allow it to
           | produce a few watts of 2.4Ghz leakage. This is contrasted to
           | 50mW typical WiFi AP power, and 5-50mW BlueTooth powers.
           | 
           | A few watts is totally non-dangerous to humans, especially
           | diffused across the entire door.
        
         | bcook wrote:
         | For devices where connectivity is more important, switch them
         | from 2.4Ghz to 5Ghz to avoid microwave interference.
        
           | nja wrote:
           | Other than phones and laptops (i.e. "real computers"), most
           | devices only support 2.4, no? I can't recall the last time I
           | set up a non-computer device that didn't say "make sure
           | you're using a 2.4GHz network"...
           | 
           | (I imagine it's a much lower cost to only handle 2.4GHz?)
        
             | tzs wrote:
             | I was curious so checked my network. I've got 21 things on
             | 2.4 and 16 things on 5.
             | 
             | The 16 are 4 computers (2 Macs, a Surface Pro 4, and an RPi
             | 4), 3 mobile devices (iPhone, iPad, Apple Watch), 3 media
             | devices (Fire TV, Nintendo Switch, and Kindle Oasis), one
             | smart plug, a Brother printer, 3 smart speakers (Google
             | Home Mini, two Echos), and an EV charger.
        
         | tgv wrote:
         | The article says: "responds to [...] microwave oven leakage".
        
         | KaiserPro wrote:
         | You could subsitute the LED for a moving coil meter:
         | https://www.codrey.com/electrical/moving-coil-meter/
         | 
         | They have am much lower current and voltage requirement, so
         | might me more sensitive. You can also do tuning to use
         | different sized antenna. However that strays into analogue
         | eletronics, which I've not really touched for 15 years.
        
         | jeffbee wrote:
         | Microwaves degrade everyone's 2.4 GHz ISM band radios. Wi-Fi
         | occupies the ISM band _because_ it 's a garbage band that was
         | already wrecked by this type of equipment. There isn't a
         | solution to this; the safe leakage from a microwave oven is
         | millions of times more powerful than wifi field strength. 5 or
         | 6GHz band avoids the problem.
        
           | georgefrowny wrote:
           | There is a solution. Spread-spectrum methods for digging out
           | signals from deep in the noise floor. It's just maths, but
           | the amount of noise you can reject that way is really nuts.
        
         | pwg wrote:
         | From the fine article, second paragraph:
         | 
         | "you can build a tiny "crystal detector" that responds to 2.4
         | GHz Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and even microwave oven leakage"
        
       | ifh-hn wrote:
       | So the question is how to do similar for 5ghz?
        
         | avidiax wrote:
         | Faster diode, like HSMS-2850 [1], and different leg lengths
         | (tune for 5Ghz).
         | 
         | [1] https://datasheet4u.com/pdf-
         | down/H/S/M/HSMS-2862_AgilentTech...
        
           | ifh-hn wrote:
           | Thanks. Appreciate the reply. From a brief look that might
           | detect 2.4ghz too?
           | 
           | Really wish I was clever enough to do electronics!
        
             | avidiax wrote:
             | Depends on the length of the antenna. I'd bet you can get a
             | length close enough to be a quarter-wave 5Ghz and 1/2-wave
             | 2.4ghz antenna. Just buy a 2.4/5Ghz combo antenna and slap
             | the diodes across it.
        
               | ifh-hn wrote:
               | I love simple solution like this. It'd be cool just
               | wandering around being able to detect mobile and stuff
               | with a tiny led.
               | 
               | This sort of thing is definitely why I come the HN.
        
               | pixelpoet wrote:
               | Just curious, what does your username stand for? :D
        
               | ifh-hn wrote:
               | Nothing. obviously the last bit stands for hacker news.
               | Just randomly pressed letters.
        
               | pixelpoet wrote:
               | Okay, I was just curious because you were saying nice
               | things about HN and there's a popular abbreviation IFL
               | for I Fucking Love, so I had to wonder!
        
               | ifh-hn wrote:
               | Oh, I didn't know that and searching for ifh abbreviation
               | on urban dictionary brings back what I think your curious
               | about. Unfortunate coincidence. All my usernames are
               | random strings. Good to know though.
        
         | ninalanyon wrote:
         | For 2.4 GHz each leg of the antenna should be 30 mm. For 5 GHz
         | just under 15 mm.
         | 
         | See Dipole Calculator:
         | https://www.omnicalculator.com/physics/dipole
         | 
         | And you need a faster diode.
        
         | cluckindan wrote:
         | Shorter antenna and faster diode. A Schmitt trigger would allow
         | for much more sensitivity, but it would not be a passive device
         | (requires a power source)
        
       | didntknowyou wrote:
       | curious, so if you build a "wall" of these, it would use up the
       | wiress energy in the air so will absorb the excess waves around
       | you?
        
         | thenthenthen wrote:
         | Depends if you are standing infront or behind the wall ;)
        
         | orbital-decay wrote:
         | Of course. Ambient radiation is a viable power source for
         | distributed sensor networks and similar low-power stuff.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_harvesting
        
         | cluckindan wrote:
         | An array of these would also allow you to better discover
         | individual sources in a room with lots of devices.
        
       | thenthenthen wrote:
       | I made hundreds of these. Never worked
        
         | ides_dev wrote:
         | Hundreds? Really? I can see making two or three before giving
         | up, but to build hundreds..
        
           | BugsJustFindMe wrote:
           | Especially if they never worked.
        
       | wowczarek wrote:
       | Remember those little LED keychains for your "mobile phone" that
       | would magically light up when taking/making calls and
       | sending/receiving texts?
        
         | thenthenthen wrote:
         | These stopped working since 2G, since it uses radically less
         | power. Altho I did recall seeing some fancy phone cases with
         | blinkies on 3G... never could replicate it sadly. I guess with
         | a lot of joule thief/stepup circuits it might work...
        
         | zoklet-enjoyer wrote:
         | I don't remember that, but I do remember my speakers buzzing
         | just before a call or text came through.
        
           | b00ty4breakfast wrote:
           | they still do that, but I think that this is RFI from the
           | processor rather than a deliberate rf transmission
        
             | zoklet-enjoyer wrote:
             | I haven't heard it in years, since around the time of the
             | song your username references
        
       | pavlus wrote:
       | This is how FPV jammers are often field-checked in Russo-
       | Ukrainian war. It doesn't test frequencies or spectrum quality,
       | but is a useful indicator, that jammer is actually emitting (has
       | power and is turned on), so you can be sure, that if it's up to
       | spec and covers frequently used frequencies at your location - it
       | actually tries to do it's job, instead of being a costly
       | paperweight.
        
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       (page generated 2026-01-03 23:01 UTC)