[HN Gopher] Toll roads are spreading in America
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Toll roads are spreading in America
        
       Author : smurda
       Score  : 85 points
       Date   : 2025-12-27 18:31 UTC (4 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.economist.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.economist.com)
        
       | SilverElfin wrote:
       | Not only are they spreading, but existing ones have tolls
       | constantly increased. Some were built with the idea of the toll
       | expiring once the costs of construction were paid off. But
       | instead they just become a new state tax source forever,
       | subsidizing out of control spending.
        
         | lotsofpulp wrote:
         | Paying for the road-time you use, like any shared resource,
         | seems fair to me. It would be nice to see decreases in earned
         | income taxes though.
         | 
         | If the retort to this is it impacts poorer people more, then
         | that is a separate problem fixed by redistributing more cash,
         | so that the wealth gap is smaller.
         | 
         | Edit: to respond to reply about trucks causing more damage to
         | road:
         | 
         | Construction costs are one cost of roads, but another cost is
         | time cost due to congestion (and resulting effects of delays
         | due to congestion). A variable rate toll that also incorporates
         | congestion is the ideal way to manage road use, much like
         | paying more for electricity or other resources at peak demand
         | to modulate demand.
        
           | morkalork wrote:
           | Taxes on gas?
        
             | lotsofpulp wrote:
             | Gas is a different shared resource (e.g. it's effects on
             | air quality/climate change) than road capacity.
        
               | jtbayly wrote:
               | The gas tax is supposedly to pay for roads. Now that they
               | are supposedly paying for the roads via tolls, I guess we
               | can expect that they will _not_ decrease the gas tax but
               | add another tax that supposedly pays for the roads.
        
               | vel0city wrote:
               | There are still all the roads that aren't toll roads that
               | still need that tax revenue to support.
        
               | Arainach wrote:
               | The gas tax has never paid for full road maintenance.
               | It's always been subsidized from other funds.
        
             | selectodude wrote:
             | Unfortunately, it hasn't seen a big jump in a while, all
             | cars are getting heavier and electrified, and gas mileage
             | is going up.
        
             | redwall_hp wrote:
             | Odometry tax when you register the vehicle, with tiers
             | based on the curb weight.
             | 
             | Also higher gas taxes for carbon reasons.
        
               | WillAdams wrote:
               | Add a mechanism for folks to file for a rebate for
               | distance driven on private roads (an uncle's driveway is
               | roughly a quarter mile, so half a mile six days a week 52
               | times each year would equal a 156 mile reduction).
        
           | inglor_cz wrote:
           | The vast majority of damage on the road is caused by vehicles
           | with high axle load, e.g. trucks, especially overloaded
           | trucks. IIRC the damage is proportional to _fourth_ power of
           | the axle load.
           | 
           | As a consequence, personal cars barely register.
           | 
           | It would make sense to collect toll from trucks only, and
           | possibly weigh them all, because overloaded trucks are extra
           | damaging to the road.
        
             | dietrichepp wrote:
             | If we only had trucks on the road, we'd need less road,
             | right? The street where I live could be about a third of
             | the width if it were not for personal cars.
        
             | DangitBobby wrote:
             | To carry this further, of maintenance taxes for roads were
             | structured appropriately, trucks would pay so much that it
             | would be prohibitively expensive to ship across the states
             | in Semis. We'd likely see a resurgence of rail transport.
        
           | NegativeK wrote:
           | > If the retort to this is it impacts poorer people more
           | 
           | We've ended up, though, with a growing wealth gap and more
           | tolls.
        
         | toomuchtodo wrote:
         | Roads cost money, costs are just catching up to reality. If
         | folks are unhappy now when taxes are at historical lows while
         | we accumulate all sorts of off book debt (in this case,
         | "deferred maintenance"), further sadness is ahead. If one does
         | not care to pay for roads, my recommendation is to live
         | somewhere one doesn't need roads, or the per capita costs are
         | lower due to density (urban areas, broadly speaking), making
         | paying the costs more palatable.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highway_Trust_Fund
         | 
         | https://www.urban.org/policy-centers/cross-center-initiative...
         | ("In 2021, state and local governments spent $206 billion, or 6
         | percent of direct general spending, on highways and roads. As a
         | share of state and local direct general expenditures, highways
         | and roads were the fifth-largest expenditure in 2021.")
         | 
         | https://www.resilience.org/stories/2016-04-14/unpave-low-tra...
         | ("The U.S. has 4.1 million miles of roads (1.9 million paved,
         | 2.2 million gravel). About 3 million miles of roads have less
         | than 2,000 vehicles a day, less than 15% of all traffic. The
         | paved portion of these low-volume roads ought to be evaluated
         | for their potential to be unpaved.")
         | 
         | (very similar to how climate costs are causing agriculture and
         | insurance costs to snap to reality, with similar sadness; debts
         | coming due)
        
           | fogzen wrote:
           | We could fund roads (and everything else) using a progressive
           | income tax, so that everyone pays and the wealthiest would
           | pay the largest share.
        
             | toomuchtodo wrote:
             | Not opposed, but to achieve this with the current election
             | cycle cadence will take at least 5 years, if not longer
             | (Congressional cycles). Also, I think Medicare for All is a
             | more pressing use of tax revenue than pouring good money
             | after bad into sprawl infrastructure that will continue to
             | decline in use as rural America hollows out and people keep
             | moving to urban cores. To observe this, overlay predicted
             | rural America population decline with road infrastructure,
             | which you can also use to forecast which road
             | infrastructure we should retreat from maintaining over
             | time.
             | 
             | "Everyone wants civilization but nobody wants to pay taxes"
             | is a hard concept to solve for, most especially when those
             | with nothing or no tax liability advocate for the
             | wealthiest from a failed mental model.
        
         | ghaff wrote:
         | I assume automatic tolls via transponders tend to make tolls a
         | lot less transparent in practice.
        
         | kotaKat wrote:
         | _laughs in New York I-90_
         | 
         | Yep. It's great that I have to pay to use this stretch of I-90
         | and then on top of that if I end up at the wrong rest area on a
         | Sunday I won't be able to access every vendor (because they
         | picked Chick-Fil-A at some locations).
        
         | bigstrat2003 wrote:
         | As my grandfather wisely observed: there's no such thing as a
         | temporary tax. I have seen this to be true in my own lifetime,
         | as each and every time a "temporary" tax increase would expire
         | it gets extended.
        
       | hoppyhoppy2 wrote:
       | https://archive.is/ZvPtX
        
       | arjie wrote:
       | Two things I like are:
       | 
       | * HOT lanes in the Bay Area: they allocate demand efficiently and
       | subsidize multi-people transport. I wish there were more.
       | 
       | * Toll roads in Texas: you can take the slip roads almost
       | everywhere but they're slow. The highways were fast but you had
       | to pay.
       | 
       | Overall, I think fare at point of use is a great structure. In
       | the past we couldn't enforce it but now we can do this for more
       | things.
       | 
       | The only problem is that we've decided that impounding cars that
       | don't have license plates or which have license plate covers is
       | unacceptable because the poor do this most frequently. I hope we
       | will clean up enforcement and then we will have the right
       | incentives here.
        
         | everforward wrote:
         | I don't have an issue with HOT lanes, but I'm not a big fan of
         | the toll roads in Texas.
         | 
         | I don't like that it creates separate classes of infrastructure
         | for citizens based on their ability to pay. Even the non-toll
         | highways had an HOT-like lane you paid per-use to drive on that
         | was often significantly faster than the free lanes.
         | 
         | It makes a system where I suspect many people won't want to pay
         | to upgrade the free infrastructure because they don't use it,
         | and people who can't afford the daily tolls waste even more
         | time in traffic. The fast pass lane are even worse because they
         | cannibalize lanes that could be used to alleviate general
         | traffic (and were typically sparsely used).
         | 
         | The tolls were substantial for some people. $3-$8 a day on toll
         | roads (ie no fast pass lane). At $8 a day, that'd be $40 a
         | week, ~$160/month. That's nearly 20% of the weekly pre-tax
         | income of someone making Austin's $22/hr minimum wage.
        
           | spwa4 wrote:
           | > I don't like that it creates separate classes of
           | infrastructure for citizens based on their ability to pay.
           | Even the non-toll highways had an HOT-like lane you paid per-
           | use to drive on that was often significantly faster than the
           | free lanes.
           | 
           | But ... government income is largely dependent on the rich,
           | and government spending largely benefits the poor. This is
           | what is always forgotten about it. The reason debt is such a
           | thorny issue is that debt _really_ benefited the poor. And
           | over time, so will these toll roads.
           | 
           | The reason toll roads benefit the poor is that the rich don't
           | travel anyways, and this gives extra economic options to the
           | poor. A large portion will figure out how to use this extra
           | economic option (because that was thoroughly checked before
           | the bridge was even built, and it wouldn't have been built if
           | the answer wasn't that they would)
           | 
           | So both the building of the bridge, and the use of it almost
           | exclusively benefit the poor.
        
             | xboxnolifes wrote:
             | The rich may travel on the toll roads, but they certainly
             | benefit from those who do.
        
           | blauditore wrote:
           | If you want to disincentivize usage of certain things, money
           | is generally the most effective option. Yes, some rich folks
           | won't be bothered, but even fairly low amounts make most
           | people think twice. Too many cars are a problem in many parts
           | of the world, for a number of reasons (noise, smog, traffic
           | jams, or parking space in cities), so nudging people towards
           | alternative usage patterns is worthwhile in my opinion.
        
             | h2zizzle wrote:
             | Alternatives are the most effective option. Tolls just make
             | laws the rich don't have to obey and conditions they don't
             | have to experience. Aggregate suffering isn't lowered, just
             | shifted to the poor.
             | 
             | If you want cars off the road, you tax rich people and
             | build trains and bike lanes, and shut down cynical RTO.
             | Full stop.
        
               | simondotau wrote:
               | It's not that simple. For trains to be a complete
               | solution you need walkable cities, and high density
               | transport-oriented residential construction near
               | stations.
               | 
               | This is almost diametrically opposite to parking-oriented
               | cities and sprawling suburbia.
        
               | LexiMax wrote:
               | The best time for a city to invest in making their city
               | walkable and public-transportation-able is decades ago.
               | The second best time for a city to invest in making their
               | city walkable and public-transportation-able is now.
        
               | hopelite wrote:
               | You clearly have no idea the nature of the problem you
               | want to solve with such erroneous platitudes. But it's
               | probably not even your fault you are ignorant of the
               | reality of the matter as you advocate for squeezing
               | harder to get blood from a stone; your statement
               | illustrates that you are a victim of a delusion and
               | psychological abuse that has been perpetrated upon the
               | whole western world for more than a century now, so of
               | course after everything you know from your very first
               | breath promoting a delusional fantasy, you would also
               | have that world view since it is post 1984 after all.
        
               | lokar wrote:
               | Localities large and small have been moving towards
               | higher density, walkable and transit oriented development
               | for years now. It's happening, and it works.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | Suburbs are often plenty dense for great transit if you
               | give great. Howeveriwhen transit is as bad as most get it
               | is no wonder nobody uses it
        
               | mschuster91 wrote:
               | > If you want cars off the road, you tax rich people and
               | build trains and bike lanes, and shut down cynical RTO.
               | Full stop.
               | 
               | The first two smell like communism, the last massively
               | harms the rich people and their playthings (REITs - real
               | estate investment trusts). Won't happen, not in countries
               | where Big Money is pulling the strings (i.e. the US,
               | Germany and UK).
        
               | lovich wrote:
               | If levying taxes and using those tax receipts to build
               | infrastructure is enough to smell like communism to you,
               | I have unfortunate news to tell you about how every
               | single government on the planet operates
        
           | jobs_throwaway wrote:
           | Couldn't disagree more. People should be able to pay more for
           | use of better infrastructure. If $3-$8 a day isn't worth it
           | for you, there's a free option that's totally acceptable.
        
             | salawat wrote:
             | See, here's the thing. Definition of acceptable isn't up to
             | you. It's up to the people who have no other choice but to
             | use it.
        
           | The_President wrote:
           | The fastest highway in the United States is the 85 mph
           | controlled access public-private venture toll road east of
           | Austin. State income tax is not a thing in Texas, and that
           | road would have otherwise not been completed at the price or
           | schedule it was built on without the backing of the private
           | company that built it.
        
             | lokar wrote:
             | I'm not sure what your point is, can you explain?
        
         | bob1029 wrote:
         | Houston would be unlivable without toll roads in 2025. The
         | medical center would collapse overnight. The SH288 toll has
         | probably indirectly saved more lives than any other toll
         | project in the state. Medical professionals can reliably get
         | between their suburban homes and their patients in ~constant
         | time now.
         | 
         | It's maybe not "fair" that some people can use this option
         | indiscriminately every day, but at least it is an option that
         | _everyone_ has access to. There 's no physical barrier stopping
         | you from using the Texas toll roads if you really needed to in
         | an emergency. All that will happen is a bill will appear in
         | your mailbox about 30 days later. If you choose to not pay it,
         | the chances something bad will happen are approximately zero.
        
           | dangus wrote:
           | Of course, this project cost $2.1 billion, including $815
           | million to build the toll lanes in the freeway's center.
           | 
           | And it could be made ineffective as regional expansion
           | continues. As soon as enough people who are willing to pay
           | the toll saturates capacity you end up with the same issue
           | ("just one more lane bro"). I see this all the time in the DC
           | metro area's toll express lanes that often save no
           | significant time.
           | 
           | Another effective way to control highway congestion is to get
           | people off of highways and invest in your transit system,
           | make it better than driving so that people don't drive as
           | often.
           | 
           | But maybe Houston is too far gone for that.
           | 
           | For comparison, the Chicago red line extension project adds 5
           | miles of heavy rail for about twice the cost, so 4x more per
           | mile. But the Houston toll lane project doesn't do anything
           | positive for adjacent property values like new rail stations
           | do. Chicago will get money back from more property taxes and
           | the new stations will relieve traffic on the Dan Ryan.
           | 
           | Transit lines get _faster_ as ridership increases due to the
           | ability to increase schedule frequency, the exact opposite of
           | highways.
           | 
           | I am not saying Houston should magically turn into 1800s-era
           | urban fabric but maybe some decent park and ride commuter
           | transit would be a start? There are cities in Texas with 6
           | figure populations that have NO public bus system.
        
             | axiolite wrote:
             | > As soon as enough people who are willing to pay the toll
             | saturates capacity you end up with the same issue ("just
             | one more lane bro").
             | 
             | Increase the toll prices to reduce congestion, increase the
             | number of buses on that route, and use some of the money
             | for either expanding the road or building another more-or-
             | less parallel road.
        
               | bob1029 wrote:
               | > Increase the toll prices to reduce congestion
               | 
               | This stretch of road is already using congestion/dynamic
               | pricing. I've never had to go slower than 85mph the
               | entire way.
        
             | fuzzfactor wrote:
             | >Wouldn't fast efficient light rail been generally better?
             | 
             | Light rail has been there since before the toll lanes.
             | 
             | This is not a small medical center, some of the hospitals
             | are skyscrapers.
        
           | no_wizard wrote:
           | Wouldn't fast efficient light rail been generally better?
           | From a social and economic perspective it would be more
           | efficient. The real problem with that only tends to be
           | political, namely there is a strange aversion to properly
           | built public infrastructure
        
             | krapp wrote:
             | >there is a strange aversion to properly built public
             | infrastructure
             | 
             | It costs money which taxpayers don't want to pay (unless it
             | benefits them personally,) it requires long term planning
             | which governments are incapable of, and it smells like
             | socialism.
        
             | Mountain_Skies wrote:
             | In the medical scenario, having medical workers sit around
             | waiting for the train after they've driven to the station
             | would be a problem if their presence is needed quickly. Or
             | did you also want everyone to cram into high rises
             | clustered around stations?
        
         | UniverseHacker wrote:
         | I live in the Bay Area and hate HOV lanes. I can look over and
         | see that more than half of the drivers are in violation, and
         | yet it is effectively unenforced. It is a system that punishes
         | people willing to follow the rules.
         | 
         | Asking someone to waste maybe up to an hour of their life
         | everyday to sit there and watch people willing to break the
         | rules speed by and get to be home early with their families
         | breeds massive resentment, and anger. It encourages people to
         | abandon all sorts of social contracts.
        
           | SkyPuncher wrote:
           | Can't you pay to be in the HOV lane?
           | 
           | Seems like a pretty ideal system. Having that extra lane
           | wouldn't solve any issues for most drivers. For high
           | occupancy or those willing to pay, it does.
        
             | SkiFire13 wrote:
             | I think you missed this point:
             | 
             | > I can look over and see that more than half of the
             | drivers are in violation, and yet it is effectively
             | unenforced.
        
               | thayne wrote:
               | How do you know that those people aren't paying?
               | 
               | OTOH, I don't know how you could effectively enforce that
               | single occupant vehicles are paying.
        
               | kluikens wrote:
               | The FasTrak scanners above the lane flash the occupancy
               | setting (1, 2, or 3+) on the driver's transponder. It's
               | easy to observe cheating single-occupant vehicles because
               | the flashed number is 3 (a toll-free rate).
               | 
               | For automated enforcement, there's prior art in red light
               | camera systems that mail tickets/violations to the
               | registered vehicle owner.
        
               | Mountain_Skies wrote:
               | When I worked for a tollway (not SF so maybe they're
               | different), toll violations were enforced by mailing a
               | ticket to the offender after the fact. There weren't any
               | patrols out on the road looking for violators. Don't pay
               | the fine (plus the toll), don't get to renew your license
               | plates. We had agreements with some other states for
               | enforcement against their vehicles in our state. The
               | cameras rarely were unable to get a good enough view of
               | the license plate for the CSRs to not be able to find out
               | whose vehicle it was.
        
             | coldtea wrote:
             | So basically just another systemic benefit to the more well
             | off
        
             | lokar wrote:
             | In most situations the restricted lane (regardless of how
             | you pick who gets to use it), does in fact benefit everyone
             | else.
             | 
             | Under high congestion traffic throughput plummets.
             | Restricted access to one or more lanes lets you keep them
             | flowing at near the peak, increasing the overall throughput
             | of the system by much more than one of the congested lanes.
        
           | caseysoftware wrote:
           | ^ There's a deep lesson in this comment.
        
             | nubg wrote:
             | Indeed. Benevolent introverts too often get the short stick
             | for sticking to rules.
        
               | jjtheblunt wrote:
               | I think the benelovent introvert being discussed seems to
               | have overlooked
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FasTrak
        
           | 01HNNWZ0MV43FF wrote:
           | > It is a system that punishes people willing to follow the
           | rules.
           | 
           | Every system?
        
           | tshaddox wrote:
           | To be fair, this is already true of driving in general. Often
           | in commuter traffic you'll see one guy driving extremely
           | unsafely, darting in and out of lanes passing everyone as
           | fast as they can. You _know_ this person does this every day
           | for years, saving time by putting everyone else in danger.
        
             | lokar wrote:
             | Saving a tiny amount of time
        
           | jjtheblunt wrote:
           | You can't see that they're in violation: the RF transponder
           | effects compliance and you pay when using the lane, if you're
           | talking about the lanes i used to use to great effect, for
           | money.
           | 
           | ( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FasTrak )
        
             | Retric wrote:
             | The FasTrak system shows the occupancy setting, it's
             | obvious when people are displaying the wrong setting.
        
               | creato wrote:
               | Does that setting actually matter? When I lived in the
               | area that had these, I always forgot to set it when the
               | number of passengers in my car changed. I never saw any
               | difference. The charge is the same.
        
               | OptionOfT wrote:
               | Depends on the area. The 210 in Los Angeles allows you to
               | jump on the toll-lanes for free if you have >= 3 people
               | in the car.
               | 
               | And I think at certain times it's only >= 2 people.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | It makes a difference in some locations such as I-580
               | 5am-8pm, where you actually being charged full price on
               | any of these roads or bridges:
               | https://www.bayareafastrak.org/en/help/using-your-
               | fastrak-fl...
               | 
               | Or did you just see the full price and assumed that's
               | what you paid.
        
           | lokar wrote:
           | I really wish we would have special enforcement for just this
           | (and transit), and just adjust the fines and staffing levels
           | until enforcement breaks even on costs, and evasion is
           | minimal.
           | 
           | And make the fines based on income.
        
         | mschuster91 wrote:
         | > you can take the slip roads almost everywhere but they're
         | slow.
         | 
         | We have that problem here in Germany. The roads aren't just
         | slow - the people _living_ in the towns these roads run through
         | are going through hell because they are affected massively. Can
         | 't safely cross the road, emergency response vehicles take
         | ages, an insane amount of noise and emissions (because vehicles
         | near idle make much more toxic exhaust when at low load and
         | thus temperature), more brake and tire dust... Austria was fed
         | up years ago, Bavaria recently followed suit [1].
         | 
         | [1] https://www.adac.de/der-
         | adac/regionalclubs/suedbayern/news/a...
        
         | mrgoldenbrown wrote:
         | In NYC it's the police that have been obfuscating their plate
         | number for a long time, not just poor people.
         | https://nyc.streetsblog.org/2017/04/19/if-nypd-is-cracking-d...
        
         | The_President wrote:
         | These are not commonly called slip roads in Texas - the term is
         | feeder road. Most feeder roads in the metro areas are lined
         | with business or multifamily residential frontage.
        
       | jsight wrote:
       | I don't necessarily see this as a bad trend. Eventually a tax on
       | mileage and weight would make the most sense vs the current
       | attempts to use fuel taxes as a proxy for those things.
        
         | whoknowsidont wrote:
         | Why do we need public funds to build a private authority that
         | pays people absurd amounts of money who don't actually do
         | anything instead of just you know.... building the road like we
         | always have. For the public.
         | 
         | If we're going to spend the money anyways why do we need
         | private profits?
         | 
         | Furthermore, just tax the vehicles that are actually doing
         | damage to the roads. i.e., trucks.
         | 
         | A honda civic barely does anything to a road. Where a semi-
         | truck is EXPONENTIALLY more damaging.
        
           | dietrichepp wrote:
           | The civic barely does anything to a road, except require its
           | existence and maintenance, and it turns out that roads are
           | expensive to build and maintain (even if only damaged by
           | weather).
        
           | _aavaa_ wrote:
           | A highway is not a public good. It is a publicly subsidized
           | good for private consumption.
           | 
           | Can I use the highway if I don't have a car? (Barely)
           | 
           | Can I use it for anything non driving related (like a
           | downtown street where lanes can be repurposed for outdoor
           | seating)? No
           | 
           | I agree with you on what does the majority of the damage.
        
             | morkalork wrote:
             | I don't understand, there are plenty of other things the
             | public pays for that you can't use for other, unintended
             | purposes. You can't fly your hobby drone out of a public
             | airport just because you want.
        
             | DangitBobby wrote:
             | Apparently under your definition of a public good, there's
             | no such thing.
        
             | xnx wrote:
             | > Can I use the highway if I don't have a car?
             | 
             | Can I use the schools if I don't have a child?
        
               | DangitBobby wrote:
               | I'd argue there should be some access to school
               | facilities by the public if you want to call them
               | "public". Otherwise it's about as public as the police
               | department.
        
               | whoknowsidont wrote:
               | In the U.S. you can definitely use school facilities
               | after hours (such as the fields, and even some buildings,
               | etc).
               | 
               | The primary concern with not allowing access at any time
               | of day to the general public is of course, the children.
        
               | DangitBobby wrote:
               | I'm not aware of any public schools in my area that would
               | allow me to, e.g., use the basketball court or soccer
               | field after school hours or on the weekends.
        
               | whoknowsidont wrote:
               | Have you tried? I've certainly been able to. And I'm
               | definitely not alone in having used those facilities.
               | I've used them personally and for ad-hoc sport events
               | (lacrosse isn't exactly popular in the area I'm in right
               | now).
        
               | DangitBobby wrote:
               | Not recently, though I have observed locked doors and
               | gates that make it pretty difficult to use. If your
               | caveat is you need to call ahead to organize an event
               | that's a pretty different use-case from what I'd like to
               | do, which is to use them very casually and occasionally.
        
               | whoknowsidont wrote:
               | I've never called ahead or anything like that. There are
               | a fair amount of people using them on the weekends, as
               | far as I've seen.
               | 
               | There is one school that definitely is gated off, but
               | that's because it's near a major point of interest and I
               | can only assume they're worried about non-community
               | members damaging the property.
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | That probably says more about the area you live in than
               | the public schools.
               | 
               | Around here the grounds are not only open outside of
               | school hours, but explicitly so (they have closing hours
               | posted: 9PM).
        
               | vel0city wrote:
               | > you can definitely use school facilities after hours
               | 
               | Aside from a few things like some playgrounds shared with
               | public parks next door this has often been pretty untrue.
               | I've definitely had police escort me off school
               | basketball courts when school isn't in session, the
               | natatoriums haven't had much public access, it's not like
               | the school libraries are open after hours, etc.
               | 
               | I'm sure some places are more open and some are less
               | open, I wouldn't say you can "definitely" use them.
        
               | scoofy wrote:
               | I mean, if we're going to do it this way, then have fun
               | paying the full cost of my _very expensive_ public
               | transit system.
        
             | whoknowsidont wrote:
             | Necessary public infrastructure that is paid for with tax
             | dollars is not a public good?
             | 
             | And just in case this fact is being lost / forgotten: Toll
             | roads are primarily, originally funded through tax dollars
             | but are disingenuously structured in a way these bozos can
             | go "see, it's not actually tax dollars" (it is). The same
             | exact dollars that should be used to build fully public,
             | free roads are instead used to privatize public
             | infrastructure.
             | 
             | There has never been a time where a toll raid has failed
             | and the losses were treated as private. The bonds magically
             | get repaid (to the right people, of course).
             | 
             | It's all tax dollars in the end, one way or another.
        
               | vel0city wrote:
               | > Toll roads are primarily, originally funded through tax
               | dollars
               | 
               | This is untrue of all the toll roads I've regularly
               | driven in multiple cities in the US. Their construction
               | was funded through bonds which are paid back from the
               | toll revenues.
        
               | whoknowsidont wrote:
               | why did you ignore my other statements that expressly
               | address this "viewpoint."
               | 
               | The bonds are issued either by the authority itself or
               | some other agency expressly delegated to issue those
               | bonds.
               | 
               | The accounting is done EXPRESSLY with the knowledge of
               | the states general fund, even though there's a "wink
               | wink" don't use the tax dollars to """directly""" pay for
               | these bonds.
               | 
               | Don't believe me? Look at the financial reports yourself.
               | 
               | There is zero point in the fuzzy accounting other than to
               | make something that simply should be public, private, and
               | allow grifters to make a buck or two off it.
               | 
               | In EVERY CASE of a failed toll road the major bond
               | holders have all been made whole through the state
               | directly or indirectly.
               | 
               | If you have the money, investing in a toll road is the
               | easiest way to make lots of money with 0 risk.
               | 
               | But you can only do that if the entity issues those bonds
               | "knows" and "selects" you. :)
        
               | vel0city wrote:
               | > Look at the financial reports yourself
               | 
               | I have for the toll roads I drive on. It shows the debt
               | payments being paid by the toll revenues, not other state
               | taxes.
               | 
               | > In EVERY CASE of a failed toll road the major bond
               | holders have all been made whole through the state
               | directly or indirectly.
               | 
               | Sure, the toll agencies are ultimately a creature of the
               | state but it's incorrect (a lie?) to argue it's _funded
               | primarily, originally through tax dollars_ , at least for
               | the toll roads I drive on. What's the rate of these
               | failures? What's the actual percentage of these bonds
               | being paid by toll revenues versus failing and the states
               | being on the hook? Once again you said it's _primarily_
               | and _originally_. Being paid because the bond failed to
               | be paid back by toll revenues isn 't the original payment
               | plan, and unless it's happening most of the time it's not
               | the primary way of those bonds being paid.
               | 
               | > make something that simply should be public, private
               | 
               | The toll roads I'm talking about are public.
               | 
               | > address this "viewpoint."
               | 
               | This "viewpoint" is otherwise known as "reality".
        
               | whoknowsidont wrote:
               | >I have for the toll roads I drive on.
               | 
               | Link me so I can draw some circles for you.
               | 
               | > to argue it's funded primarily, originally through tax
               | dollars
               | 
               | Do you know how bonds work? It's an isomorphic operation.
               | A state entity is issuing bonds out to creditors. A lot
               | of those major creditors will also be secured creditors.
               | 
               | It's the same thing, just covered under a sleight of hand
               | trick.
               | 
               | So the state borrows money from a select few major
               | creditors but it's "wink wink" not against the full faith
               | and credit of the state, then regulates a consumption tax
               | on the road, and the investors and authority get a slice
               | of the pie.
               | 
               | For what purpose?
               | 
               | And when the toll roads fail either the creditors are
               | paid out either through the state out right buying the
               | road or allowing the debt to be a tax write off over X
               | amount of time.
               | 
               | >This "viewpoint" is otherwise known as "reality".
               | 
               | This American brainworm is exhausting, ngl. Buddy you're
               | getting bamboozled by a few vocab words and a 3 step
               | accounting trick, please don't presume to talk to anyone
               | about reality.
        
               | vel0city wrote:
               | > Link me so I can draw some circles for you.
               | 
               | https://www.ntta.org/sites/default/files/2025-06/06-27-20
               | 25_...
               | 
               | > then regulates a consumption tax on the road
               | 
               | Yeah, the toll. One assumes you're not talking about the
               | toll but other tax revenues when you're complaining about
               | tax payers paying for the road. Obviously the tolls go to
               | pay for the toll road, so what's the point otherwise
               | about talking about the taxpayers paying for it?
               | 
               | Buddy it's really exhausting ngl having people always
               | assume every toll organization is a private enterprise.
               | It's not just a 3 step accounting trick, please don't
               | presume you know how every toll arrangement is made.
               | 
               | And if your point is the idea of government bonds going
               | to private investors, well, how do you think the freeways
               | are financed? How does it make a difference then if it's
               | a freeway or a toll road or a library or a playground?
               | It's all financed in largely the same way. Government
               | bonds issues to selected investors.
        
               | silotis wrote:
               | "Public good" is a term of art in economics which means a
               | good is both non-excludable (it is impractical to control
               | who benefits from it) and non-rivalrous (one person
               | benefiting does not prevent others from also benefiting).
               | 
               | Roads are clearly rivalrous and while it's often
               | impractical to prevent non-payers from entering a toll
               | road, one can certainly record them and met penalties
               | after the fact to discourage it.
               | 
               | So no, roads are not a public good.
        
               | DangitBobby wrote:
               | If roads are "rivalrous" then so is literally everything
               | else.
        
               | silotis wrote:
               | Roads are rivalrous because too many people using them
               | causes a traffic jam. Seriously go read the Wikipedia
               | article on the subject.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _roads are not a public good_
               | 
               | You're both right. Roads can be an impure public good.
               | 
               | At low traffic loading, they are not rivalrous and can be
               | modelled as a public good. At high traffic loading they
               | become rivalrous and thus closer to a common-pool
               | resource.
               | 
               | If roads are made excludable, they resemble a club or
               | even private group.
        
             | kevin_thibedeau wrote:
             | The US interstates move military equipment across the
             | country without needing to deal with railroad bottlenecks.
             | It is a public good. Just like GPS, it has ancillary civic
             | functions but it still serves its original purpose.
        
               | scoofy wrote:
               | I mean, that's the _de jure_ purpose, but that 's really
               | a nonsensical point to make here. We're not talking about
               | one controlled access route with two lanes in both
               | directions to move tanks around.
               | 
               | We're talking about 10 lane monstrosities, with 8 or more
               | flyovers, standing 20 stories high in places like in
               | Houston and Dallas.
        
           | jsight wrote:
           | The means of collection and treatment of it as something
           | other than tax revenue are problematic for sure. Those should
           | be solvable problems, though.
           | 
           | Your point about semi-truck damage vs lighter vehicles is
           | exactly why I think moving in that direction is so useful.
           | The most fair taxation would accurately take both that aspect
           | and actual miles driven into account.
        
             | bbarn wrote:
             | Except the impact of even gas prices going up has added to
             | costs in basically anything delivered by truck. Every tax
             | you put on that just eventually ends up in consumer hands.
        
           | hamdingers wrote:
           | > A honda civic barely does anything to a road. Where a semi-
           | truck is EXPONENTIALLY more damaging.
           | 
           | Similarly, a Honda Civic is ~360 million times more damaging
           | to the road than a bicycle, according to the fourth power
           | law.
           | 
           | No reasonable fee structure should let car drivers use roads
           | for free.
           | 
           | And that's before we get into the amount of valuable public
           | land car drivers use for personal storage.
        
           | orthoxerox wrote:
           | Not literally exponentially, but the damage is proportional
           | to the FOURTH power of the axle load. Imagine how expensive
           | shipping would've become overnight if all these trucks had to
           | pay their fair share and passed the costs to their customers.
           | 
           | Honda Civic weighs 0.7t per axle, or 0.24tttt of wear.
           | 
           | F-150 weighs 0.9t per axle, or 0.65tttt of wear.
           | 
           | A school bus weighs 7.5t per axle, or 3164tttt of wear.
           | That's more than thirteen thousand Honda Civics' worth of
           | road damage. Imagine the driver of the Honda had to pay 1c
           | per mile. The school bus would have to pay $130 per mile.
           | Yes, it's carrying 78 passengers, so the cost would be $1.67
           | per mile per student, but I think most people would just
           | drive their kids to school.
        
       | AnotherGoodName wrote:
       | There's no more toll booths. It's a big step function change in
       | viability of toll roads.
        
       | nfw2 wrote:
       | Toll roads are good economics. If a choice has negative
       | externalities (more traffic, more pollution, road damage), tax
       | it.
        
         | kiernanmcgowan wrote:
         | It's also a direct usage tax to support road maintenance.
         | Heavier users of the road ways end up contributing more to the
         | maintenance of the public good.
         | 
         | We had a proxy for that via gasoline taxes but with EV becoming
         | more common we need to find a replacement for that revenue.
        
           | haskellandrust wrote:
           | The gas tax hasn't kept up with inflation, EVs are only a
           | secondary contributor to the shortfall. Most states have been
           | leeching from their general funds to keep up with highway
           | maintenance. California has raised theres fair aggressively,
           | though.
        
           | pclmulqdq wrote:
           | There are several states that have an EV registration
           | surcharge that replaces gas tax. It's not popular with the
           | pro-EV crowd.
        
             | vel0city wrote:
             | I'm fine with a decently fair registration tax to offset
             | the gas taxes, but the one in my state is the equivalent of
             | 1,000 gallons of gas for the state gas taxes. If the car
             | was a 35mpg hybrid that would be 35,000mi of equivalent
             | driving. This is incredibly unfair.
        
               | Loughla wrote:
               | If I owned an ev for 3 years, the tax means I save money.
        
               | vel0city wrote:
               | This is a _yearly_ tax. So that would be the same as
               | 105,000mi in three years meanwhile the average car
               | probably only drove ~37,500 in that time period.
        
               | pclmulqdq wrote:
               | 35,000 mi of driving is not anywhere near out of the
               | question if you're a daily commuter who takes road trips
               | once in a while. If you're driving a truck or a non-
               | hybrid, it's also a lot less mileage. It sounds like this
               | is actually close to what you would be expected to use.
        
               | vel0city wrote:
               | It's _far_ away from the average of around 12,000. Few
               | cars drive 35,000mi.
        
               | pclmulqdq wrote:
               | The average driver also doesn't get 35 mpg driving
               | regularly. The average driver probably gets around 20
               | mpg, and that would make this distance about 15000 mi.
        
               | caseysoftware wrote:
               | > _With that information, the British newspaper
               | calculated that BEVs [battery electric vehicles] could
               | expose roads to 2.24 times more damage than gas cars._
               | 
               | If that's true, then 12-15k miles in an EV would be
               | equivalent to 27-33k miles in a gas car.. so "taxes
               | equivalent to 35k miles" isn't far off.
               | 
               | Ref: https://www.autoevolution.com/news/bevs-could-also-
               | damage-ro...
        
               | mikestew wrote:
               | Just because a small percentage of drivers drive that
               | much each year doesn't make it a reasonable number for
               | the general case.
               | 
               |  _It sounds like this is actually close to what you would
               | be expected to use._
               | 
               | Not even close to what the average driver drives.
        
               | pclmulqdq wrote:
               | The average American driver gets about 25 mpg and drives
               | about 15-20k miles. That's exactly in line with the tax
               | rate here.
        
               | caseysoftware wrote:
               | > _With that information, the British newspaper
               | calculated that BEVs [battery electric vehicles] could
               | expose roads to 2.24 times more damage than gas cars._
               | 
               | If that's true, then 12-15k miles in an EV would be
               | equivalent to 27-33k miles in a gas car.. so "taxes
               | equivalent to 35k miles" isn't far off.
               | 
               | Ref: https://www.autoevolution.com/news/bevs-could-also-
               | damage-ro...
        
               | caseysoftware wrote:
               | The EV tax applies to people who a) casue a
               | disproportionate amount of wear & tear on the roads vs
               | ICE vehicles and b) are generally higher income in the
               | state.
               | 
               | When you look at taxation from a "charge the people who
               | use it" or the "the rich should pay more" perspective,
               | this appears to address both.
               | 
               | Is the problem simply that you want to pay less taxes?
        
             | notatoad wrote:
             | it's pretty silly to have a tax that incentivizes the
             | opposite behaviour to what you want. registration
             | surcharges benefit the people who drive the most, at the
             | expense of the people who drive the least.
             | 
             | if you're trying to pay for wear and tear on the roads, or
             | reduce congestion, making people feel like they have to
             | "get their moneys worth" on the registration surcharge
             | really isn't helping.
        
           | seanmcdirmid wrote:
           | Most states include higher tag fees for EVs. I pay way more
           | in the EV fee than I would have paid in gas taxes considering
           | I don't drive that much. Trucks and other heavy users dwarf
           | car traffic by far though, and those extra logistic costs (if
           | charged by weight) would show up as increased cost of goods.
        
           | tpm wrote:
           | The UK is creating a new pay-per-mile EV duty from 2028 to
           | fix this.
        
           | analog31 wrote:
           | I'm not sure that use taxes really support road maintenance,
           | at least in my state. The reason is that money is fungible,
           | and the income from use taxes can be offset by a reduction in
           | support from the general fund.
        
         | stefan_ wrote:
         | But the economics of collecting them suck. A tax is a lot
         | easier and much less "enshittifying" the daily experience.
        
           | _aavaa_ wrote:
           | But a tax is not targeted to where the usage occurs. Tolls
           | allowed highways with more usage to get more revenue to save
           | up for the more frequent maintenance.
        
             | survirtual wrote:
             | Yeah nice in theory but the reality is far from this.
             | 
             | In order to implement tolls, you need several components
             | involving middlemen. This includes frontend software,
             | backend, payment processing, transponder management, all
             | the hardware involved, support staff, sometimes toll
             | station staff, among other things.
             | 
             | These toll companies are often owned by foreign companies
             | that are in it for the long haul, offering sweet deals up
             | front then gradually charging more and more with no end in
             | sight, as roads diminish in quality and rest stops fall
             | into disarray.
             | 
             | Toll roads are a scam, a regressive tax on the working
             | class, and downright immoral. We should not limit the
             | mobility of people.
        
           | haskellandrust wrote:
           | What do you mean by "the economics" here? I barely drive but
           | I have a toll transponder, I set it up once and haven't
           | thought about it since.
        
             | seanmcdirmid wrote:
             | I don't even have a toll transponder, OCR these days is
             | good enough to detect your plate number and charge the
             | linked account.
        
               | esrauch wrote:
               | Don't they charge you more if you do pay-by-plate though?
               | I always see signs that have a price with local ez-pass,
               | a higher price with out-of-state ez-pass, and an even
               | higher price for pay-by-plate.
        
               | Scoundreller wrote:
               | Ez pass billing is all over the place, each
               | state/authority does whatever it wants.
               | 
               | If you reg a secondary car's plate to an ezpass account
               | without using the transponder, a lot of states will just
               | think it was a read fail and charge you the regular rate
               | but it depends.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | Yes, bill for plate OCR is typically a lot more expensive
               | in addition to having to logon to a site etc.
        
               | seanmcdirmid wrote:
               | 25 cents for me. I can get a sticker for $5 sticker that
               | negates that (no transponder I think for Seattle's first
               | 520 bridge, maybe for carpools?). Oh, supposedly the
               | sticker is a transponder, so I can save 25 cents if I buy
               | a $5 sticker. Even though I don't use the bridge that
               | often, it makes sense to buy.
        
               | patmorgan23 wrote:
               | Ussally if you don't have an account they charge you
               | more. But at least for the systems in my area they'll
               | charge your account wether you have your toll transponder
               | or not (because they OCR your plate and charge the linked
               | account)
        
             | ghaff wrote:
             | Toll collection used to be much worse in terms of
             | collection efficiency (revenue-cost)--perhaps 50% as I
             | understand it. With all the automated toll booths I assume
             | it's much better today.
        
         | dawnerd wrote:
         | Problem is, it's not a tax. It's a handout to private companies
         | that take advantage of taxpayers fronting the construction cost
         | in a lot of cases. We had one here paid for by tax payers but
         | then leased to a company for some low dollar amount and they
         | keep most of the money.
         | 
         | It's just another form of rent seeking.
         | 
         | Now, gov run tolls seem like a good idea in areas where
         | congestion needs to be managed. But also needs to be careful
         | not to be a secret tax on the poor.
        
           | vlovich123 wrote:
           | Fwiw in the Bay Area I thought it was a private company but
           | turns out it's government run with Fastrak operated by The
           | Bay Area Transportation Authority (BATA) in partnership with
           | The California Department of Transportation and The
           | California Highway Patrol (not sure why CHP is involved but
           | they probably get some kickback of the revenue stream in
           | exchange for some enforcement).
        
             | patmorgan23 wrote:
             | CHP probably provides accident response services to the
             | roads
        
         | SoftTalker wrote:
         | They are very regressive unless there are income-based credits,
         | which adds administrative complexity.
         | 
         | Rich people pay the tolls without a second thought. For the
         | poor they are yet another obstacle to trying to make ends meet.
        
           | survirtual wrote:
           | Correct.
           | 
           | Tolls are a regressive tax on the working class. The rich
           | don't even need to use the roads as much because they have
           | other people delivering for them. When they need the road
           | system, the tolls are nothing to them.
           | 
           | The working class, which are generally required to be driving
           | to survive, are left holding the bag for tolls. In places
           | with bad public transit, tolls are just a forced wealth
           | transfer from working class to private firms managing the
           | tolls.
        
             | nfw2 wrote:
             | All the statistics I've been able to find point to higher
             | toll road usage among higher income people, not less.
        
               | nosianu wrote:
               | Which may already be a sign of ability to pay? Not that I
               | will argue against the right of US Americans to have a
               | country that gets more and more divided by "class"
               | defined by money, an interesting if not very ethical
               | experiment for sure.
               | 
               | The very well-known in Germany satiric news website "Der
               | Postillion" had an interesting provocative piece just
               | yesterday (German, but auto-translate takes care of
               | that): https://www.der-
               | postillon.com/2023/12/weihnachtsmann-ungerec... --
               | "Schlimmer Verdacht: Bevorzugt der Weihnachtsmann die
               | Kinder reicher Eltern?" ("A disturbing suspicion: Does
               | Santa Claus favor the children of wealthy parents?")
               | 
               | Being able to get to places by car is one of the most
               | basic needs in the US. I think it leads to cementing the
               | monetary status quo and monetary class affiliation when
               | that becomes even more dependent on how much money one
               | can spend on it. A nicer car being more expensive is fine
               | in that regard, it does not get you from A to B much or
               | any faster than the cheap one. Being able to choose roads
               | or lanes that will take you there much faster is
               | different.
               | 
               | It removes one's personal "hard work" contribution to
               | success if more and more of it is out of your control -
               | after all, how much money you start the game of life with
               | is nothing one has control over. Maybe making that kind
               | of mechanism worse is not the best idea in the long term.
               | Unless we are really aiming for what all the dystopia
               | movies and anime have been showing us.
               | 
               | There are also tons and tons of indirect effects. For
               | example, I would make the claim that wealthy shareholders
               | benefit a lot more from roads than poor people, even when
               | they don't drive, since the companies they own and the
               | entire economy needs them. The poorer people driving to
               | work "paying their share" does not look so clearly
               | justified to me, unless one believes that their salaries
               | are perfect indications of their role in value creation.
        
               | orthoxerox wrote:
               | > The very well-known in Germany satiric news website
               | "Der Postillion" had an interesting provocative piece
               | just yesterday (German, but auto-translate takes care of
               | that): https://www.der-
               | postillon.com/2023/12/weihnachtsmann-ungerec... --
               | "Schlimmer Verdacht: Bevorzugt der Weihnachtsmann die
               | Kinder reicher Eltern?" ("A disturbing suspicion: Does
               | Santa Claus favor the children of wealthy parents?")
               | 
               | Canadian stand-up comedian Casually Explained (I don't
               | actually know if he stands up to record his videos) had
               | basically the same joke a few days before them.
        
             | metalman wrote:
             | Tolls and public transit fares are regressive.
             | 
             | We have removed all tolls here in Nova Scotia,including for
             | small car ferry's , were not rich or populous,but are
             | building out our infrastructure bit by bit to facilitate
             | ease of transport and the prevention of accidents and
             | traffic jams. The other thing they added are info signs
             | accross the main hyways comming in, giving times for the
             | main transit routes, making it easy to redirect , 45 MIN!,
             | yikes! sounds like coffee and grocerie shopping to me! It
             | has realy made a huge difference getting around the city
             | and has opened up options for travelling rural routes that
             | have ferries.
        
             | pclmulqdq wrote:
             | The people who use something should pay for its upkeep. It
             | doesn't matter if that makes it a "regressive" tax. If you
             | are a daily user of a road, you should pay more for its
             | upkeep than someone who doesn't use the road.
        
               | thfuran wrote:
               | >The people who use something should pay for its upkeep
               | 
               | Why? That doesn't seem like a good way to run society.
        
               | axiolite wrote:
               | Why should a delivery driver pay the toll for the road to
               | my house, and not me? Why should I be able to exploit
               | flat-rate product pricing like that and skim some money
               | from all customers of the delivery service?
               | 
               | Why should I pay the toll to drive to a friend's house?
               | They're the one getting the benefit out of having easy
               | access to transportation.
               | 
               | What if my taxes pay for all the roads in my town, while
               | the neighboring town chooses to implement tolls instead?
               | Why should I get double-taxed? Prisoner's dilemma and
               | race-to-the-bottom?
               | 
               | Why should I have to deal with having my license plate
               | stolen, and police time wasted (who are paid out of
               | taxes), because of people who don't pay the tolls?
        
               | tshaddox wrote:
               | Why stop there? Why should I pay for my own food, given
               | that my employer, friends, and family benefit from me
               | being well nourished?
        
           | nfw2 wrote:
           | Edited because I admit original statement below is incorrect.
           | 
           | "You could say they are a flat tax since every driver pays
           | the same per usage. You could even argue it is a progressive
           | tax since richer people use toll roads more. The only way you
           | CAN'T describe a toll is a regressive tax. Words have
           | meaning."
        
             | kelseyfrog wrote:
             | If you read the literature[1], they're regressive - less
             | regressive than sales tax, but still regressive despite
             | being utilized more by higher income drivers.
             | 
             | https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/16892
        
             | NietzscheanNull wrote:
             | This is completely incorrect. A flat tax has a constant tax
             | _rate_ , which is why it's often referred to as a
             | "proportional tax." Under a true flat tax system, everyone
             | pays the same _percentage_ of their income.
             | 
             | A toll is absolutely regressive because the burden it
             | imposes is constant, _irrespective of income_ ; poorer
             | individuals will pay a proportionally higher percentage of
             | their income than wealthier counterparts. As income
             | increases the "effective rate" asymptotically approaches
             | zero, which is regressive by definition.
        
               | nfw2 wrote:
               | Good point, I've edited my comment to clarify that it is
               | incorrect
        
           | levocardia wrote:
           | This is just a general argument against constant prices for
           | everything though. Charging $1/lb for bananas is regressive.
           | Charging $3/gallon for gas is regressive. Charging $10 for a
           | t-shirt is regressive. Etc...
        
             | MengerSponge wrote:
             | "The law, in its majestic equality, forbids the rich and
             | poor alike to sleep under bridges, to beg in the streets,
             | and to steal bread."
             | 
             | https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Anatole_France
        
             | axiolite wrote:
             | > This is just a general argument against constant prices
             | for everything though.
             | 
             | Maybe EVERYTHING shouldn't BE "constant prices". Maybe
             | where there are practical alternatives to constant pricing,
             | those should be preferred and used.
             | 
             | > Charging $10 for a t-shirt is regressive.
             | 
             | No. Not unless there is only 1 type of t-shirt in the world
             | available. If I'm poor I can go find cheaper t-shirts
             | either less stylish, poorer quality, from a generic brand,
             | from a discount retailer, second-hand (used), packaged in
             | bulk, etc., or maybe wait around for a sale on the t-shirt.
        
               | derektank wrote:
               | Besides price signals, what other tools are available to
               | communicate local knowledge through an economy? I can't
               | think of any that are particularly effective
        
             | SoftTalker wrote:
             | For commodities like that, competition already pushes
             | prices to the zero profit limit. Everyone gets them as
             | cheaply as they can be produced. And for those who can't
             | afford even that we have subsidies.
        
           | Tiktaalik wrote:
           | The regressiveness issue of tolls is effectively a nitpick
           | compared to the broader more comprehensive issue of how to we
           | create an affordable transportation system for the working
           | class and how do we raise the revenue to fund that through
           | taxes.
           | 
           | The dominant automobile oriented transportation system is
           | very unaffordable and requires high costs of entry. The best
           | thing we can do to make transportation more affordable in
           | general is giving people more options aside from the car.
           | Taxing the wealthy in order to raise revenue for public
           | transportation and active transportation options dominates
           | any sort of regressiveness issues around road tolls and less
           | traffic makes buses more effective.
        
         | maxlybbert wrote:
         | I agree. I don't like toll roads, but I recognize that they
         | only charge me for using them, because my use isn't necessarily
         | good for everybody else.
         | 
         | Gas taxes also work (ignoring electric vehicles), but paying a
         | specific amount for a specific road certainly seems more
         | direct.
        
         | m463 wrote:
         | Thing is, I suspect the taxing is inefficient. I would guess
         | guessing 1% of it goes to mitigating traffic, pollution and
         | road damage.
         | 
         | I think most people will just be burdened by it.
         | 
         | I think taxes would be a more efficient way of collecting these
         | fees, and ensuring they go to fund mass transit in a way that
         | traffic/pollution/road damage was mitigated directly and the
         | people were still served.
        
         | bb88 wrote:
         | Like all "economically sound" ideas, people fuck it up. To the
         | drivers, its one more reminder of a government taxing you on a
         | day to day basis, locking up the roads taxes paid for, for
         | another series of taxes.
         | 
         | Chicago is the poster child here. Constant rate hikes. Diverted
         | funds meant to maintain the roads going elsewhere. "Temporary"
         | tolls that become "permanent", etc.
         | 
         | It's bad, stop the madness.
        
           | alistairSH wrote:
           | 100%. All of this.
           | 
           | With a side of handing off management and a slice of the
           | revenue to private entities. With minimum revenue guarantees
           | that then act as a disincentive to improving nearby roadways.
        
         | mjevans wrote:
         | They're a prime sign of broken economics.
         | 
         | The people who can least afford to move closer to their jobs
         | are the ones who are regressively taxed in time, energy, and
         | money the most.
         | 
         | A proper solution would be to require more housing NEAR the
         | jobs to make it easier for people to save time and money by
         | moving closer.
        
           | levocardia wrote:
           | _Require_ housing in certain places? Now that 's what I'd
           | call broken economics. If there is such a need for housing
           | near job centers...why wouldn't that automatically create the
           | incentive to build it? (Hint: It does; the problem is that in
           | most places there are "requirements" that make it nearly
           | impossible to build new housing. Texas is notable in that it
           | lacks the worst extremes of this problem, hence the recent
           | trends in rent in Austin).
        
           | patmorgan23 wrote:
           | Nah. Roads, specifically giant limited access highways
           | through urban cities cost lots money to build. it makes
           | perfect sense for them to be funded by user fees. Urban land
           | is at a premium, if you want to utilize it you have to pay
           | for it. Mass transit is a much more space efficient way to
           | move people in urban environments, and encourages people to
           | walk more in their daily life which has tons of health
           | benefits. Also transit really help urban air quality (even
           | electric cars cause air quality issues because of the rubber
           | tires)
        
         | MangoToupe wrote:
         | Sure, if one must drive on a road.
        
         | Lammy wrote:
         | Pervasive tolling is surveillance-of-movement in disguise.
        
         | amelius wrote:
         | Meh, after housing now yet another resource only available to
         | the rich?
         | 
         | I think rationing is more fair and the only way to prevent
         | massive outrage until maybe we have reduced the wealth gap to a
         | large degree.
        
       | tonymet wrote:
       | Traditional taxes are democratic -- if the legislature raises a
       | tax, they can be voted out.
       | 
       | Creative revenue approaches sound efficient, but you don't want
       | efficiency with spending. Efficiency means that spending will
       | grow unabated.
       | 
       | In my state they've had record revenue for 12 years (until just
       | lately). Regardless of each record, they continued to outspend
       | revenue into a deficit.
       | 
       | Commercial enterprises are bounded by revenue (and debt). Public
       | agencies used to have a feedback loop (losing the next election),
       | but in many states there is little consequence for deficit
       | spending.
       | 
       | Don't give spendthrifts more ways to spend money. They will
       | always exceed the revenue they generate.
        
         | DangitBobby wrote:
         | On the other hand, private companies have no accountability to
         | the public whatsoever, and as long as their grift is revenue
         | positive they can exist forever regardless of how damaging they
         | are to the lives of everyone around them. Private prisons and
         | toll road companies are great examples of parasitic private
         | companies that absolutely must not be allowed to exist.
        
           | tonymet wrote:
           | I agree that may occur, though we likely disagree on how
           | representative it is.
           | 
           | Regardless, 2 wrongs don't make a right. Moreover, most of
           | the public spending goes into what you would likely consider
           | to be grifter enterprises.
        
       | websiteapi wrote:
       | it would never happen, but ideally toll roads would be
       | dynamically priced such that the average speed is always within
       | 10% of the speed limit. congestion fixed.
       | 
       | earmark this money in a way that can't be siphoned and build
       | public transportation with it. in addition buy fleets of buses
       | with the cash that are exempt and analyze the destinations and
       | origins of the traffic and put them there.
        
         | nfw2 wrote:
         | demand for transport is not that elastic though
        
           | hamdingers wrote:
           | It's more elastic than you might assume. There's a phenomenon
           | called traffic evaporation, when a major roadway is closed or
           | diminished (even unexpectedly), people adjust their travel
           | behavior such that travel times stay relatively constant.
           | 
           | Los Angeles has many such examples, one recent and well
           | studied one was the closure of the 10 freeway after a fire.
        
           | dangus wrote:
           | It totally is. Demand can be induced. You can build more
           | highways/roads, you can build more transit options, you can
           | decide how to design roads and handle zoning, affecting how
           | far people go, you can decide to build protected bike lanes
           | or build prioritized bus lanes, etc.
           | 
           | All of these factors and more affect demand for
           | transportation.
        
         | zdragnar wrote:
         | People already driving generally aren't likely to change their
         | destination, and all the traffic headed toward the dynamically
         | priced toll road still needs to be diverted in a way that they
         | will reach wherever they were going.
         | 
         | You aren't going to change congestion unless you fix the
         | balance between throughput and volume. Dynamic pricing doesn't
         | improve throughput, and it doesn't decrease volume- it just
         | forces some of that volume onto less well equipped roads.
        
           | websiteapi wrote:
           | why wouldn't it decrease volume? presumably if it starts
           | costing 100 bucks a day people would stop driving and take
           | these hypothetical buses, no? of course as I mentioned I know
           | this would never actually work for political reasons.
        
           | jobs_throwaway wrote:
           | > People already driving generally aren't likely to change
           | their destination
           | 
           | They are if you price it properly. If it costs $1000 to get
           | on that road, a lot of people are going to find alternative
           | means of transport, carpool, or forgo the trip entirely.
        
         | hamdingers wrote:
         | Minnesota experimented with throttling freeway entrances based
         | on congestion, not even charging money, and drivers response
         | was clear: they'd rather sit in traffic.
        
         | kergonath wrote:
         | > it would never happen, but ideally toll roads would be
         | dynamically priced such that the average speed is always within
         | 10% of the speed limit. congestion fixed.
         | 
         | "Good news! Surge pricing is in effect, and today your commute
         | will cost you twice the usual price!"
         | 
         | People who can defer traveling to avoid traffic jams and
         | congestion already tend to do so. Sitting in traffic is boring,
         | stressful, and a waste of time and money. People who don't have
         | a good reason not to.
        
           | ChadNauseam wrote:
           | A good analogy is a queue. Imagine a society of mostly-
           | identical people. You set up a stand that offers free
           | sandwiches, but you can only give the sandwich to one person
           | a minute. What will happen? A line will form outside your
           | stand, growing longer until the length of the line is such
           | that the discomfort of waiting in line is equal to the
           | pleasure of eating the sandwich. So even though your
           | sandwiches are supposedly free, a cost is still imposed on
           | everyone who wants one, because they have to waste time
           | standing in line.
           | 
           | You're right that people who can defer traveling to avoid
           | traffic jams and congestion already tend to do so. But there
           | are still people at the margin. People who don't value their
           | time or don't mind sitting in traffic listening to the radio
           | or dislike taking the bus. These people are creating
           | congestion, imposting a cost on everyone else, and paying
           | nothing for it. They would do it less if they had to pay.
           | (It's okay for people to drive and sit in traffic, there's
           | just no reason it should be free!) So it would really be more
           | like "Good news! Surge pricing is in effect, and today your
           | commute will cost you twice the usual price but take half as
           | long!"
        
         | walthamstow wrote:
         | Buses are great! Road commuting is not much of a thing where I
         | live, so what do I know, but the simplest way to mitigate the
         | problem that poor people can't use a toll road is to put buses
         | on it.
        
           | next_xibalba wrote:
           | I've never been on a public bus and thought, "this is
           | great!". Crowded, dirty, and almost always there is someone
           | on drugs or experiencing psychosis. I'll stick to my car.
        
             | walthamstow wrote:
             | I've never sat in car traffic and thought it was awesome
             | either. It's a terrible economic drag and it's boring as
             | fuck. There are solutions available.
        
             | bluGill wrote:
             | I've never experienced that on a bus. but when transit is
             | useless only those with no option use it and those tend to
             | be the problems you state. Make transit useful and the
             | problems go away
        
         | patmorgan23 wrote:
         | There are tons of express lanes in my metro (DFW) that are
         | dynamically priced to try and achieve a minimum speed of 55 mph
        
         | bdangubic wrote:
         | I didnt realize there are still tollroads that are _not_
         | dynamically priced?! haven't seen one in a loooong time
        
       | survirtual wrote:
       | Every single lifestyle item of a modern life, whether you have a
       | car or not, depends on the road system.
       | 
       | If you want food, products, or services, you depend on the roads.
       | This means it should be taxed universally and equitably. We
       | should all contribute our fair share to maintain the roads.
       | 
       | Tolls are a regressive tax on low-income people who do the most
       | to make society work, and it is unfortunate that more people do
       | not see this. What's more, they are generally administered by
       | corrupt and inefficient private for-profit orgs. This creates
       | even more overhead which then costs more money.
       | 
       | These orgs generally have slimy deals with city and state
       | governments, while directly profiting from public works that
       | built the road system to begin with.
       | 
       | There are much better ways to fund the road system. Tolls are
       | among the worst.
        
         | ChadNauseam wrote:
         | I don't agree with this perspective. A tax on negative
         | externalities doesn't have to be regressive. It depends on what
         | the tax money is spent on. This is an extreme example, but if
         | you added a congestion tax and then spent the money on a tiny
         | UBI, you might generate $10/person/month, which would be a
         | major uplift to the poorest in our society who don't drive at
         | all. The argument against congestion pricing is further
         | weakened by the fact that those harmed (drivers, pay the tolls)
         | are also those who benefit (drivers, who enjoy less
         | congestion). The ones who are harmed the most are those
         | displaced from driving, who have to find something else to do
         | and don't enjoy the benefits of reduced convention. That's
         | using congestion pricing as an example, but the same argument
         | applies to taxing vehicles in proportion to the wear they
         | impose on roads.
         | 
         | Business owners who pay the tax are free to raise their prices,
         | which is how it's supposed to work. They're currently raising
         | their prices because their drivers waste time in congested
         | traffic and because they pay taxes to the government for road
         | maintenance.
         | 
         | For an analogy, it also makes sense to tax companies who dump
         | their waste in rivers, to the extent that their waste dirties
         | the rivers. If there is some ultra-valuable product that could
         | only be made by dirtying a river (idk, let's say that for some
         | reason insulin had to be made that way), it would be a good
         | that it could still be made, while discouraging people from
         | dirtying rivers for little reason. No one would say "polluting
         | the river should be free because we all use products that are
         | made by polluting rivers." If polluting rivers were free and
         | the government just taxed everyone to clean them up afterwards,
         | we probably all really would use products made by polluting
         | rivers! but that doesn't mean we would be worse off by taxing
         | it directly.
         | 
         | That said, I agree that there's no reason for tolls to fund the
         | road system. Hypothecated taxes are generally not a good idea,
         | despite the fact that they're very intuitively appealing.
        
       | jarjoura wrote:
       | Aren't toll roads the norm? It was radical in the 1940s and 1950s
       | to create public freeways.
       | 
       | Toll roads do have real consequences and, do, raise the cost of
       | everything that needs to travel over it. It also means things
       | that could exist on one side of a bridge or tolled section will
       | relocate to other areas to avoid tolls.
       | 
       | Not against them, but I also don't like them. I personally think
       | it's a failure of a state managing its roads where the cost has
       | to become disproporiationally spread.
        
         | ghaff wrote:
         | >Aren't toll roads the norm?
         | 
         | No. I won't say they're rare but they're not especially common
         | in the US.
        
         | pinkmuffinere wrote:
         | Do you perhaps live in Florida or Oklahoma? They are quite rare
         | in CA, the southwestern states in general, and the upper
         | midwest.
        
         | Bengalilol wrote:
         | > "For now, drivers pay to access just 6,300 miles of America's
         | 160,000 or so miles of highway"
        
       | drnick1 wrote:
       | Very odd, an article about America, but mostly using British
       | spelling except for prices in $.
        
         | digital-cygnet wrote:
         | This is normal for the Economist. I don't really understand why
         | -- they clearly have an American edition (I get their print
         | version in the US and its headlines and organization is totally
         | different than the same edition in the UK), yet they leave all
         | the "colours" and "boffins" in there, when it would be pretty
         | trivial to regionalize the language same as they do the
         | currencies and structure. My assumption is that being a bit
         | eccentric and foreign-seeming is part of their brand.
        
         | hexbin010 wrote:
         | Perhaps payback for tourists using the word 'dollars' in London
         | :P
        
       | fortyseven wrote:
       | Aside from money, I think one of the major issues I had with toll
       | booths was... Well the booths. Stopping, having to fish out exact
       | change, planning ahead to make sure you had enough change, etc.
       | 
       | Nowadays we have those boxes that we can put in the windshield
       | that automatically bill us later. And that's made me far more
       | willing to take a trip via the highway. Removes a lot of anxiety.
       | And, so far, at least in my experience, they work.
        
       | blauditore wrote:
       | Tangential, but: Cars are in part so problematic because they are
       | a means of transportation designed for a handful of people, but
       | mostly used by a single person. All the alternatives are either
       | unpopular to most people (like bikes, or public transport), or
       | obscure (small one-person cars). Especially the US just converged
       | to this impractical de-facto standard in size and shape.
        
         | hamdingers wrote:
         | The alternatives are impractical due to all the space cars and
         | their infrastructure consume (walking, transit), or due to the
         | danger cars pose (bicycles, motorbikes, small cars).
         | 
         | The US has converged because we are trapped in a vicious cycle.
        
           | underlipton wrote:
           | The cycle would have broken in 2008 if we hadn't bailed out
           | the auto manufacturers. Pro-free market until the moment it
           | counts.
        
         | matt3210 wrote:
         | Public transportation in a lot of places isn't safe especially
         | when traveling with women or children
        
           | drewmate wrote:
           | Women and children aren't inherently dangerous. If you just
           | avoid eye contact and keep to yourself, you should be fine
        
       | ronbenton wrote:
       | I took a transportation engineering class a while back and one
       | bit of knowledge that stuck with me is tolls are the only
       | effective traffic relief mechanisms for a roadway. Other
       | mechanisms like adding lanes just invite more cars and traffic is
       | not relieved. I never checked whether this was true, but sounded
       | reasonable.
        
         | bwhiting2356 wrote:
         | Adding lanes may not cut congestion in the long term, but it
         | can increase throughput and overall utility by moving more
         | people and goods.
        
           | ronbenton wrote:
           | I don't doubt it. It is quite a while ago so I don't fully
           | recall the talk that my professor gave, but I don't believe
           | he intended to mean adding lanes was useless, just that they
           | didn't help with congestion of the particular roadway
        
             | bluGill wrote:
             | If adding lanes doesn't help you didn't add enough. People
             | live in a city to do things and you need to enable that by
             | preventing congestion.
             | 
             | i don't know how to afford the 50 more lanes that most
             | cities need though. I suggest better transit.
        
           | cmovq wrote:
           | I don't know why this is downvoted, obviously more lanes
           | increase throughput else we wouldn't do it.
        
             | ronbenton wrote:
             | how do you see that something is downvoted? I don't see
             | points on any comments but my own
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _how do you see that something is downvoted?_
               | 
               | You can't directly. If the comment goes negative, it get
               | greyed out. (In many cases, people are complaining about
               | a comment they like not being the top comment.)
               | 
               | Either way, complaining about the voting is against the
               | guidelines and thus flaggable. _That_ causes your comment
               | to get marked as flagged.
        
             | simonra wrote:
             | Look up <<Braess's paradox>>, more throughput when removing
             | capacity is long established (century +) in systems with
             | simplistic greedy agents like humans
        
         | expedition32 wrote:
         | But you run into the risk that people don't use your new
         | expensive toll road and you're left with a big pile of debt...
         | 
         | That is the problem with them in the Netherlands. Building and
         | maintaining roads is so frighteningly expensive that you can't
         | price them to even cover the cost!
        
           | ronbenton wrote:
           | I think perhaps my professor was talking about adding tolls
           | explicitly as a traffic congestion relief mechanism rather
           | than a way to recoup cost of maintaining the roadway
        
           | black_puppydog wrote:
           | So you mean if we dont socialize the up-front cost _plus_ the
           | ongoing externalities, roads aren 't economically sensible
           | choice? That seems less like a problem and more like the
           | beginning of a nice reflection...
        
             | DaSHacka wrote:
             | No form of transportation would be at that point
        
         | MangoToupe wrote:
         | Have you considered fuel rationing?
        
       | shkkmo wrote:
       | I had a very negative view toward toll roads untill I found the
       | Road Guy Rob youtube channel. His video on the Oklahoma toll
       | roads completely changed my perspective.
       | 
       | https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=EzPPmiKFf5I
        
       | billy99k wrote:
       | I recently traveled to Florida. There are toll roads everywhere.
       | Luckily, I got the unlimited daily toll package when I rented my
       | car.
        
       | Devasta wrote:
       | Good. Cars only exist as a viableeans of transport due to vast
       | subsidies and a total reorganization of society to suit them.
       | Motorists should pay the cost of this absurd status quo.
        
       | anorphirith wrote:
       | paid HOV lanes in the bay area are a so enraging. they created a
       | problem by restricting the number of lanes and increasing traffic
       | and offered a monetary solution at the same time by having you
       | pay for the "fast" lane
        
       | matt3210 wrote:
       | Taxing only the users of a good or service sounds reasonable
        
       | KoolKat23 wrote:
       | They're wrong on multiple fronts, they're regressive. The poor
       | bear the brunt of them.
       | 
       | Despite the bad press, a well run government highway is much
       | cheaper, generally 30% or more of that toll goes directly to
       | maintaining the system and it's profits, there's more efficient
       | funding methods out there.
       | 
       | They're natural monopolies, they fill up with traffic regardless
       | of how much you rip people off.
        
         | Alupis wrote:
         | > The poor bear the brunt of them.
         | 
         | Going to need a citation for that, because it seems the
         | wealth(ier) and/or business-classes would bear the most
         | significant burden of toll roads.
         | 
         | Typically, in my experience, tolls are assessed at boundaries
         | of cities, regions, and intra-region/city transit is toll-free.
         | 
         | Businesses that use the toll road (think trucking/freight, etc)
         | pay tolls because they come from outside of the boundary.
         | Wealthier individuals may commute into the boundary for work,
         | also paying tolls.
         | 
         | One can live inside the city of San Francisco and never pay a
         | toll - but someone that lives outside and commutes in for work
         | or business pays tolls every day.
         | 
         | Other states, such as Illinois have a vast amount of toll roads
         | - where tolls are trivial (typically) but also still only
         | assessed at boundaries. The roads are often much more well
         | maintained than government roads, since the toll collector has
         | a direct financial interest in maintaining traffic on the
         | roads.
        
           | mikewarot wrote:
           | Here in Chicagoland, the major tollways aren't boundary
           | oriented, they're just charging effectively per mile. The
           | same is true of my home state of Indiana. They were supposed
           | to be free once the bonds were paid off, but, of course, that
           | never happened.
        
             | Alupis wrote:
             | When I was in the Chicago area, I paid no tolls when I
             | entered and exited the tollway within the same region.
             | Perhaps that has changed within the last 10ish years?
             | 
             | It doesn't seem practical to charge tolls at every onramp.
        
               | bbarn wrote:
               | It was very much on and off for many years. It was
               | intended to cover the costs then go away. Instead they
               | installed stream lined overhead tolls to not have to wait
               | at the toll booth anymore and now it's just a perpetual
               | tax.
               | 
               | It's also partially owned by outside investment
               | (specifically the skyway from Indiana)
        
         | duxup wrote:
         | Yeah work from home, but all the jobs for the less well off
         | require driving.
        
         | scoofy wrote:
         | The point of the article is that you're paying one way or
         | another. Roads aren't free to build and/or maintain... in fact,
         | it's extremely expensive to build and maintain them. It's just
         | that the all levels of gov't have allowed the gas tax get
         | inflated away through both inflation and efficiencies.
         | 
         | Determining who pays to maintain these systems is a political
         | decision, but it certainly makes sense that we should really be
         | charging people who use them. Adding a luxury tax to folks who
         | want to skip traffic seems like a free lunch for everyone else.
         | At the end of the day, suburbanites want to force the rural and
         | urban dwellers to subsidize their primary mode of
         | transportation (large, dense highways), but it's becoming more
         | and more politically untenable.
        
         | lokar wrote:
         | They don't have to have any profit, they can be 100% public
         | infrastructure.
         | 
         | And the excess revenue can be used to subsidize transit.
         | 
         | Tax what you want less of, subsidize what you want more of.
        
       | coldtea wrote:
       | 1. It's gonna get worse before it gets better.
       | 
       | 2. Fooled you! It's not getting better.
        
       | chiefalchemist wrote:
       | What's spreading is mass surveillance.
       | 
       | Nearly every toll (in NJ or surrounding states) is done via EZ
       | Pass a/o license plate readers.
       | 
       | It's nearly impossible to travel without being tracked.
        
       | ece wrote:
       | I would like to see the ratio of toll prices to public transport
       | available for each state properly normalized. Would be
       | interesting to see a correlation.
        
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