[HN Gopher] What happened to all the gold Spain got from the New...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       What happened to all the gold Spain got from the New World? (1985)
        
       Author : titaniumtown
       Score  : 58 points
       Date   : 2025-12-22 07:18 UTC (4 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.straightdope.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.straightdope.com)
        
       | ggm wrote:
       | Marx wrote about commodity fetishism. Perhaps the ultimate
       | version is a belief gold is innately valuable. It has valuable
       | properties, but almost its sole function is to be rare and
       | desirable. That we now use gold for electronics in some ways
       | undermines its rei-ification as the personification of value.
       | 
       | Spain fucked up. They mistook the gold for something more
       | valuable than Labor. The Merino sheep of Spain were a better bet,
       | in the long term.
       | 
       | The Spanish gold disappeared into economies with a better sense
       | of what value is.
        
         | yieldcrv wrote:
         | understanding what humans collectively find valuable is much
         | more lucrative than understanding why humans collectively find
         | a thing valuable
         | 
         | being on this forum for a decade I see people consistently get
         | caught up in the latter, at the expense of noticing the
         | opportunities the same people are here for
        
           | metalman wrote:
           | then,
           | 
           | selling people a better understanding of why they find things
           | valuable, is worth a lot!
        
           | empath75 wrote:
           | One thing you can do when people are spending money on magic
           | beans is point out that magic beans don't exist and they are
           | all stupid for buying them. The other thing you could do is
           | open a magic bean store.
        
             | HPsquared wrote:
             | Ideally you do the first part while buying up all the beans
             | for cheap, then commence step 2: convince people they are
             | super valuable and sell the magic beans for profit.
        
         | aarroyoc wrote:
         | Yes, I often say that the gold from America was a poisonous
         | gift. It made the country so rich that they stopped caring
         | about other stuff, they could just buy them from elsewhere. So
         | there was little incentive to manufacture first, and
         | industrialize later. Which is ironic because some of first
         | steam engines you can find in Europe were invented in Spain (ht
         | tps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jer%C3%B3nimo_de_Ayanz_y_Beaum...).
         | It also enabled the funding of numerous stupid wars, with the
         | human cost they bring. The name of this process is called the
         | Dutch Disease https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_disease
         | 
         | Arab states could get into the same trap
        
           | saidnooneever wrote:
           | never heard of the dutch disease (i am dutch). pretty cool
           | comment thanks.
           | 
           | kind of funny to think they still have trouble to actually
           | extract that gas due to activism around earthquakes and ppl
           | not eager to move away from these places. also now the
           | climate push.
           | 
           | it kinda looks (from an uneducated perspective) they suffered
           | this disease for nothing.
        
           | Herring wrote:
           | It's a recurring theme. At the time of the Civil War, the
           | Mississippi River Valley had more millionaires per capita
           | than anywhere else in the US.
           | 
           | https://www.history.com/articles/slavery-profitable-
           | southern...
        
             | paganel wrote:
             | > the Mississippi River Valley had more millionaires per
             | capita
             | 
             | TIL.
             | 
             | Does anyone have any good recommendations for a
             | (relatively) good social/economic history of the Southern
             | US states? (because I guess that that type of history book
             | would cover this type of information).
        
               | greenie_beans wrote:
               | from the antebellum era? try anything by eric foner, but
               | a good place to start is forever free: the story of
               | emancipation and reconstruction. it's accessible history
               | that includes a bit of background about the political
               | economy leading up to the civil war. any of his books
               | about reconstruction might be interesting but not exactly
               | what you're looking for. "black reconstruction in
               | america" by dubois is a keystone text that has a bit
               | about the southern economic history. and maybe "old
               | south, new south" by gavin wright for post reconstruction
               | economic history
        
               | paganel wrote:
               | Thanks a lot!
        
           | anthk wrote:
           | Spaniard there. We have gentlemen like Leonardo Torres
           | Quevedo and the 'Telekino', something even the IEEE would get
           | amazed of.
           | 
           | But our damn national motto on R&D was "Que inventen otros"
           | (Let the -foreign- ones invent).
           | 
           | EDIT: It actually was "Que inventen -sth- ellos" (let the
           | others invent -it-).
           | 
           | Something like let's just slack down/keep living under a
           | traditionalistic, rural, Romantic life at the 19th century,
           | let the rest do the modern inventions. OFC as I said Torres
           | Quevedo was the exception, but overall I find our right wing
           | politicians still have that Empire bound mindset. Even the
           | progressive left are almost ranting luddites, they look the
           | Science down from their Liberal Arts thrones.
           | 
           | In the end it's some kind of outdated rural-Romantic idiots
           | fighting another share of left sided outdated jerks with,
           | paradoxically, a similar love to the Rural Spain, with the
           | pure, hard working, 'ecological' peasant against the
           | polluting urbanite.
           | 
           | And sometimes I wish these Boomer (literal boomers in both
           | sides) influenced journalists get to the times for once and
           | all. Use science to fight the climate change. Use libre
           | software to expand education and knowledge like anywere else
           | in History. Act smart and not with the guts.
           | 
           | But that's Science Fiction here.
        
         | faidit wrote:
         | Marx called gold "the money-commodity" and said that paper
         | money (even early fiat currency) always represents gold/silver
         | in circulation.
         | 
         | The massive Spanish purchases of weapons and other manufactured
         | goods from other countries in the 16th and 17th centuries
         | played a large role in jump-starting the capitalist economic
         | revolution in Europe.
        
         | trgn wrote:
         | spain was no longer a major player in world politics by 1800s,
         | but they had a good 2-3 century run. not sure if the monetary
         | crisis was really did them in, or more just it being the ebb
         | and flow of history. britain's world dominance is long over
         | too. if they did "fuck up", it was because charles v was the
         | first global hegemon, nobody know how to do that, he was in
         | uncharted territory. and obviously no, the merino sheep weren't
         | a better bet long term, that's absurd. global dominion required
         | a cohesive domestic home country to serve as the wellspring of
         | power, not the fractured foedal remnants of a mediaeval europe
         | that required constant war to keep together. and then of
         | course, industrialize early.
        
           | B1FF_PSUVM wrote:
           | > then of course, industrialize early.
           | 
           | It's extremely convenient to have coal, iron, and waterways
           | in the region where you wish to achieve that early
           | industrialization.
           | 
           | There's a map somewhere showing where those happened -
           | England, France/Germany, eastern/great lakes US.
        
             | pfdietz wrote:
             | Also limestone, needed as flux for iron and steel making.
        
         | Scubabear68 wrote:
         | Gold is a VERY unique metal and its value comes directly from
         | that. Particularly the complete lack of oxidation, I'm sure it
         | was seen as absolutely magic that it would not tarnish while
         | every other metal known at the time would oxidize very easily.
         | 
         | Value is ultimately always in the eye of the beholder.
        
           | the__alchemist wrote:
           | Indeed. I believe the parent commenter should pause and
           | assess why people buy things, and what makes something
           | desirable or a luxury good. We can start with mechanical
           | watches: They are of poorer quality by every utilitarian
           | measure than a crystal-oscillator driven one, but command
           | much higher prices and status.
        
             | lo_zamoyski wrote:
             | > They are of poorer quality by every utilitarian measure
             | than a crystal-oscillator driven one, but command much
             | higher prices and status.
             | 
             | But the value of the watch is not reducible to its value as
             | a timekeeping device. (Even here, you could argue that the
             | mechanical watch has more instrumental value as a
             | timekeeping device where batteries are unavailable.)
             | 
             | A mechanical watch has greater value _as a mechanical
             | watch_ ; it is mechanically more sophisticated, even if not
             | electronically. It can have greater value as a product of
             | superb craftsmanship or as an object of art. (And here,
             | while tastes vary, I would reject the reduction of beauty
             | to taste.)
        
               | the__alchemist wrote:
               | Can you see how that elegant description you wrote could
               | be applied to Gold?
        
               | thaumasiotes wrote:
               | > A mechanical watch has greater value _as a mechanical
               | watch_
               | 
               | Note that this cannot work as a theory of value;
               | everything has infinite value if you define value as "the
               | ability of a thing to be itself".
        
               | somat wrote:
               | > it is mechanically more sophisticated, even if not
               | electronically. It can have greater value as a product of
               | superb craftsmanship or as an object of art.
               | 
               | On any objective measurement axis a $15 Casio is more
               | sophisticated than a $10_000 Rolex. I think what we value
               | is the human scale of the Rolex, it operates and is
               | manufactured at a scale we intuitively understand as
               | humans, and we(or at least some people) value the
               | sacrifices and effort needed to run at that scale.
               | 
               | Consider this, on your cheap Casio, the manufacturing
               | tolerances are so tight and the parts are so complex and
               | fine the only way to manufacture them are fully automated
               | lines requiring a staggering capital investment of many
               | millions, however because these lines have to be fully
               | automated the economy of scale applies hard and the final
               | product is very inexpensive.
               | 
               | All it takes to make a fine mechanical watch is a good
               | watchmaker and several hundred thousand dollars of
               | tooling.
               | 
               | One of my favorite watch repair videos is of a guy who
               | rescues a smashed Casio, It has this fun combination of.
               | it's a Casio, not worth even looking at. It is not
               | designed to be serviced. Everything in it is super tiny,
               | I mean watchmaking is already an exercise in frustration
               | with how small everything is, which is why I enjoy
               | watching them work but I have no real desire to do it
               | myself, however in this Casio they were absurdly small.
               | But this madlad did it. What a heroic fix.
               | 
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0IhPFutz1XI
        
           | tylerflick wrote:
           | > every other metal known at the time
           | 
           | You're forgetting lead, but the point is all the same.
        
             | buildsjets wrote:
             | Lead rapidly oxidizes and tarnishes, and is reactive with
             | many chemicals, as any person who has actually worked with
             | it can attest to.
        
           | lo_zamoyski wrote:
           | > Value is ultimately always in the eye of the beholder.
           | 
           | If you mean value per se, not at all. There are difference
           | kinds of value (intrinsic, instrumental).
           | 
           | A piece of bread has objective nutritional value, for
           | example. It doesn't matter whether you personally dislike
           | bread.
        
             | Scubabear68 wrote:
             | Nope.
             | 
             | As a trivial example, someone with celiac's disease is not
             | going to value your gluten ridden bread very high.
        
         | ajross wrote:
         | To be fair, Adam Smith and Marx would 100% agree on this point.
         | It's not "capitalist" to confuse money with value, it's just a
         | mistake.
        
           | RobotToaster wrote:
           | A lot of Marx's writing was based on Smith's, so they agree a
           | lot.
        
         | Retric wrote:
         | Gold is used by industry at current prices due to its physical
         | properties, so its current price and value are fairly close.
         | 
         | This still allows for significant price swings because there
         | vast quantities of gold sitting around in vaults, but unlike
         | say bitcoin it does have high intrinsic value. IE: If gold
         | sustained a 90% drop in price across decades at lot more would
         | be used by industry creating a price floor.
        
           | Epa095 wrote:
           | How can you conclude that the current price and value is
           | fairly close? Seems to me that all you are showing (rightly
           | so) is that there are some use of gold which has higher value
           | than today's price.
           | 
           | I agree that industry use creates a price floor, but that
           | might be much lower than what the price is today. I.e if
           | suddenly everyone lost faith in gold as a carrier of value,
           | so everyone who keeps gold just as a passive keeper of value
           | started selling it off, then we would get a new market
           | clearing price which represents golds 'real value'. I have no
           | clue what this would be, but it is certainly not obvious to
           | me that it's close to today's price.
        
             | scythe wrote:
             | Gold's resistance to oxidation is pretty unique and
             | valuable. Every metal with similar properties is also
             | expensive -- palladium is the most common and its price
             | hovers around several hundred dollars per ounce despite
             | being much less popular for jewelry or currency.
        
             | Retric wrote:
             | > current price and value is fairly close
             | 
             | I'm talking orders of magnitude here. Supply and demand
             | curves generally have a slope. As in the demand for goods
             | by industry increases as the price decreases. A
             | significantly larger portion of minded gold is used for
             | jewelry than industry or investment, but a price drop would
             | also reduce the amount mined.
             | 
             | Combine those and yes gold could get significantly cheaper
             | especially with the vast quantities on hand, but it would
             | still be a very expensive metal vs steel, aluminum, etc.
        
         | empath75 wrote:
         | If gold is inherently valueless, then isn't shipping all of it
         | away immediately to other countries in return for useful goods
         | the most rational thing to do?
         | 
         | And if they could get gold at a fraction of the cost of other
         | countries and exchange it for useful goods, isn't that more
         | rational than building the goods yourself?
         | 
         | The Spanish were not stupid and were not acting irrationally --
         | except perhaps thinking on too short of a time frame. The gold
         | trade was a total moral abomination, but it was a good trade
         | economically for hundreds of years.
         | 
         | The main problem was that it was basically an arbitrage play
         | and once the margin got erased from inflation, they had let the
         | rest of their economy atrophy.
         | 
         | This is one of the reasons the Saudis invest so much money in
         | tech companies and other industries.
        
           | AlotOfReading wrote:
           | It wasn't an arbitrage thing and I'm not sure there's
           | anything fruitful in the comparison to saudi arabia.
           | 
           | The Spanish Empire was, more than anything else, a product of
           | the reconquista. The major institutions of Spain were all
           | directed towards the taking and holding of new lands. When
           | granada finally surrendered in 1492, the monarchy turned
           | towards conquering the canaries and then the new world to
           | avoid the large scale structural changes needed to go from a
           | militaristic, medieval nation to a peacetime state in the
           | early modern. The systems of repartimiento and encomienda
           | were more or less borrowed wholesale from the reconquista.
           | The conquistadors and chroniclers all saw the Americas
           | through the lens of the chivalric literature they loved. The
           | name "California" was borrowed from one of those books, about
           | a fictional island of Amazons who aided the moors.
           | 
           | Precious metals were a solution to the problems Spanish
           | monarchs had in organizing Spanish society. It paid for
           | soldiers in the monarchy's constant wars. It paid off loans
           | to italian and dutch financiers, and it was something that
           | could much more easily be controlled by a distant monarch
           | than import duties or taxation (which nobility were largely
           | exempt from). It also gave them some limited control over
           | their inflation issues by devaluing and revaluing the coinage
           | as financial pressures required. This eventually caused other
           | problems, but the point is that Spain was never really an
           | arbitrage play. They didn't have to be, since they controlled
           | some 30% of the world's gold supply and >90% of its silver at
           | points.
        
             | anthk wrote:
             | > The conquistadors and chroniclers all saw the Americas
             | through the lens of the chivalric literature they loved.
             | 
             | More like the opposite. The Golden Age of Spain was all
             | about making fun on the knight from the "New Man" making
             | wealth from the Americas.
             | 
             | Heck, it's the main theme from Don Quixote. The old,
             | idealistic, outdated, Medieval wannabe-knight (hidalgo
             | meant hijo-de-algo, son of something, hereditary titles) vs
             | the simpleton but _grounded_ peasant from the New World
             | era. Also tons of peasants tried to travel overseas to make
             | good money, and maybe scaled up their status to the ones
             | from a merchant.
             | 
             | As Cervantes itself was a limp from a war which was
             | something reminiscing old romantic but bullshit times, with
             | Don Quixote you have the clear message that the
             | warrior/knights were looked down against the traveler
             | making wealth from overseas.
             | 
             | Kinda like a far west outdated "Justiciero" in the US from
             | an aristocratic background compared to some middle-level
             | educated hick but with a prosperous job in the 50's thanks
             | to making good money from trade in a fish port.
        
               | AlotOfReading wrote:
               | _Don Quixote_ came out nearly a century after Cortes and
               | is often cited as specifically having killed the genre
               | /culture it was parodying. Look at how much Diaz talks
               | about Amadis with full seriousness.
        
               | anthk wrote:
               | I would like to think that the New World self-building
               | travelling pragmathism killed the epic born maybe from
               | the Reconquista epics and of course from El Cid.
               | 
               | It's like finding New York policemen devouring dime
               | novels around the Far West and believing themselves as
               | lonely, macho gunslingers...
               | 
               | In the end the 70's cop movies aren't that different to a
               | Western movie, but they still look a bit rusty compared
               | to a Charles Bronson movie with slight detective skills
               | where a bit of slow pace and thinkering it's needed and
               | most of the old rural tropes wouldn't apply to a big
               | city.
               | 
               | A similar thing would be comparing the Medieval Spain
               | tactics against the post-Spain birth ones where guns were
               | becoming to be the norm, such as the Arcabuz.
               | 
               | The old men in knight novels fought for their own good
               | cause, but the New World men where just about the profit
               | and trade. Coming back to Spain with goods was far more
               | 'secure' than getting your life threatened by
               | Mesoamerican tribes everyday. I mean, if you got the
               | goods and avoided any fight, the better. It would be the
               | most rational thing to do for the times. Specially
               | without advanced medicine.
               | 
               | Meanwhile, it's obvious that the old Quixotic man wasn't
               | afraid of death, but the new pragmatic Spaniard would
               | have for sure a different mindset. Still a Catholic, but
               | he would value far more its life once he was aware that
               | some of his neighbours could improve their life in a trip
               | and actually have some _terrenal, tangible, REAL goods to
               | enjoy_ instead of being tied to a farm or the fields and
               | maybe just religion and the paradise as a relief.
               | 
               | Your values could quickly shift once you turned back to
               | Spain loaded as hell with spices -very valuable for the
               | time-, salt, exotic fruits, gold and who knows what. That
               | and the incipient technology. Windmills? Guns? Far better
               | ships? To hell with the hoe.
        
         | anthk wrote:
         | The School of Salamanca about value and money said something
         | else in 16th century. The Spaniards were anything but dumb.
         | 
         | It just happened that the British industrial revolution
         | steamrolled everyone. You can't compete aganst the steam engine
         | and the railway making communications and sharing of _goods_
         | and _raw materials_ something ridiculously cheap compared to
         | the previous times, even by boat in both UK and Spain where the
         | big rivers like Douro and Tagus could sustain a lot of
         | transport. But, still, the train allowed to reach anyone in the
         | country.
         | 
         | Which cheap transportation you can connect industrial
         | powerhouses (and competent engineers and scientists) and the
         | rest it's history. Addthe telegraph on top of that and it's
         | game over for any outdated empire. When knowledge sharing can
         | be reduced hours and maybe a day or two instead of weeks or
         | months, it's like upgrading from having a 486 based computer
         | with DOS to a Ryzen one with multiparallel processing.
         | Literally.
        
       | ErneX wrote:
       | 510 tonnes went to Moscow to never be seen again.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow_Gold_(Spain)
        
         | caminante wrote:
         | No it didn't. The gold didn't disappear.
         | 
         | Did you actually read the wiki you linked?
         | 
         | Spain transferred the gold to Moscow who liquidated it on
         | Spain's behalf to buy guns, fund the civil war, and deposit in
         | banks.
         | 
         | There's mixed views whether Moscow took too much of a margin,
         | but they melted down gold after selling it and the gold is
         | still in circulation.
        
           | ErneX wrote:
           | Exactly that, never to be seen again :)
        
             | caminante wrote:
             | Huh?
             | 
             | If you melt down gold, how are you not staring at the same
             | gold?
             | 
             | Moscow didn't steal anything either.
        
               | ErneX wrote:
               | "The Spaniards will never see their gold again, just as
               | they don't see their ears" this is supposedly what Stalin
               | said according to Alexander Orlov. From the same link.
        
               | throw20251220 wrote:
               | > supposedly
        
               | ErneX wrote:
               | I'd give it the same relevance as "Moscow didn't steal
               | the gold" in any case.
        
               | caminante wrote:
               | If you sell something to another party or they deposit it
               | in a bank on your behalf, then the other party didn't
               | steal it.
        
               | caminante wrote:
               | You didn't answer my question.
               | 
               | Cherrypicking a quote from Stalin who was using sarcastic
               | humor at a banquet when the gold arrived also doesn't
               | refute my point or answer my question.
        
               | gtech1 wrote:
               | Hah, and me who thought they only stole Romania's
               | national treasure, under the guise of 'safekeeping'.
               | 
               | I guess Russia has always been a shitty country.
        
               | caminante wrote:
               | Except you're leaving out two key facts:
               | 
               | 1. National treasures (ex gold) were returned in '35 and
               | '56.
               | 
               | 2. Romania intervened against the Bolsheviks in
               | Bessarabia.
               | 
               | #2 seems like FAFO to me. And I'm sure some Romanians got
               | kickbacks from the "transfers." Nobody forced Romania to
               | transfer their assets.
        
               | gtech1 wrote:
               | You have no idea what you are talking about.
               | 
               | 1. They never returned 92tons of gold. The vast majority
               | of the national treasure is still in Moscow. I hope the
               | EU ties this to the current Russian assets frozen in the
               | EU.
               | 
               | 2. Bolsheviks ? Russia collapsed in 1917 and Bassarabia
               | voted to join Romania. There was no Russian control in
               | Bassarabia, no war, no fight.
               | 
               | Nobody forced them, true, they were in dire
               | circumstances, but it proves even more how much Russians
               | can be trusted. 0. Shitty country since forever.
        
               | caminante wrote:
               | Please read again and calm down.
               | 
               | I expressly said "ex gold."
               | 
               |  _> Bolsheviks ?_
               | 
               | Lmao. Where are you getting these falses premises?
               | 
               | 1. Who rose to power after Russia collapsed in 2017?
               | 
               | 2. There was no Bolshevik fighting or presence in
               | Bessarabia?
               | 
               | 3. Romania didn't intervene to fight Bolsheviks in
               | Bessarabia?
               | 
               | You must be hallucinating to think otherwise.[0]
               | 
               | [0]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanian_military_interv
               | ention...
        
               | caminante wrote:
               | 1917*
        
       | mcc1ane wrote:
       | > The problem was that the conquest of the New World left Spain
       | with a lot more money, but not that much more wealth, if you
       | follow me.
       | 
       | ELI5, please!
        
         | adastra22 wrote:
         | Money is the thing you use to buy things. Wealth is having
         | those things. Only in an ideal world are the two the same. The
         | world is not ideal.
        
           | PessimalDecimal wrote:
           | But why couldn't they, e.g. buy other people's thing in
           | exchange for their gold? IOW, why is the relevant fact that
           | _Spain_ didn't have much more wealth despite having more
           | gold? Other people in other countries valued (and still
           | value) gold too.
        
             | usefulcat wrote:
             | They could and they did. That meant that Spain ended up
             | importing more and exporting less, which would have been
             | bad for Spanish businesses.
             | 
             | There's a lot more to "wealth" than just having a bunch of
             | stuff. Especially in the long term, since most "stuff" will
             | wear out or otherwise decay over time.
        
             | derf_ wrote:
             | You can, but then those people have more money, and you
             | have less. The money supply is much smaller than the supply
             | of goods and services, because the same money circulates
             | repeatedly. So simply doubling your money can tilt things a
             | little more your way, but does not make the situation
             | completely lopsided, because you can only spend the extra
             | money once.
             | 
             | Also, to quote Jastram [0], "In spite of the romanticism of
             | the Spanish Main and treasure ships, the supply of gold
             | from the New World was just a trickle by later standards.
             | Less than 1% of what was to be 1930 world production was
             | produced in each of the years from 1500 to 1520." Over the
             | next 80 years, it never got much above 1.3%.
             | 
             | [0] Roy W. Jastram, _The Golden Constant_ (1977), pg. 41.
        
             | Ekaros wrote:
             | Think of difference between buying bunch of cars from
             | someone making cars. Instead of buying the factory making
             | cars.
             | 
             | Or maybe currently RAM. You found pile of money somewhere.
             | You buy big amount of RAM. RAM prices go up, you do not
             | care you have money. In a few years DDR6 comes out. The RAM
             | you bought is not that expensive anymore. You do not really
             | have either money or something currently expensive.
             | 
             | Wealth is owning the land, the machines, the buildings, the
             | knowledge(more so now). Being rich is owning lot of what
             | can buy those things. But if you keep spending liquid
             | wealth, eventually it is gone and you are not wealthy
             | anymore.
        
           | analog31 wrote:
           | That may be true, but a modern money system could get you
           | pretty close to that ideal, where the main difference is the
           | friction of transactions.
           | 
           | It's close to ideal for a loaf of bread, or a bag of nails. I
           | can hop on my bike and turn my money into either of those
           | things in a few minutes. Turning money into a house is
           | further from that ideal of course.
        
         | HPsquared wrote:
         | You can't eat gold.
        
           | gtdhvy wrote:
           | You can though. People eat gold all the time.
        
             | nkrisc wrote:
             | Fine: you can't physiologically sustain yourself on a diet
             | of gold alone. Gold is not a nutritionally complete diet.
             | If all you have to eat is gold, you will soon be dead.
        
           | cenamus wrote:
           | You also can't eat money, but I imagine it's pretty useful if
           | you're hungry
        
             | lazide wrote:
             | If all the sudden someone airdrops a hundred tons of $100
             | bills into your area, you are going to have a hard time
             | buying food with just the $20 in your wallet.
             | 
             | That is what is being discussed.
        
         | wongarsu wrote:
         | They spent a lot of resources (some tangible, some less
         | tangible) and ended up getting a roughly equivalent amount of
         | money out if it
        
         | esafak wrote:
         | Bullion imports caused inflation; the money supply increased
         | without corresponding increases in the production of goods and
         | services. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Price_revolution
        
           | kristianp wrote:
           | What an interesting topic. One of the further reading links
           | is to a paper that claims the inflation started earlier in
           | the 1500s, due in part to the rise of German silver mining: h
           | ttps://web.archive.org/web/20110706211346/http://repec.econ..
           | .
           | 
           | It would be interesting to learn about the technological
           | developments Spain failed to make compared to some of their
           | European neighbours. Merchant banking is one of them.
        
         | goodcanadian wrote:
         | As a sibling comment said, gold was effectively money. Having
         | more money, without having more products to buy, effectively
         | triggered massive inflation. Prices went up, but the actual
         | supply of goods and services didn't change much. The Spanish
         | economy suffered massive inflation, as did Europe in general to
         | a lessor extent.
        
           | ijk wrote:
           | It's interesting that mining gold and silver is similar to
           | printing more money; we usually think of inflation as
           | represented by debasing coinage but there's been a few
           | circumstances where flooding the local economy with precious
           | metals is the same effect.
        
             | nradov wrote:
             | We sometimes see similar localized effects when wealthy
             | foreign governments and NGOs go into poor countries to
             | "help" with foreign aid and investment. When done correctly
             | this can boost the local economy in a sustainable way, kind
             | of priming the pump. But often it just dumps a lot of cash
             | in, causing price inflation as the supply of goods and
             | services fails to keep pace with the supply of money.
        
             | Gibbon1 wrote:
             | In the latter 1800 there wasn't enough gold to accommodate
             | the vast increases in industrial production. Which was
             | deflationary.
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross_of_Gold_speech
             | 
             | You can imagine every year the price per bushel of the
             | wheat you grow drops and your mortgage stays the same. When
             | your whole economy is like that no one wants to borrow or
             | lend money and investment slows.
        
           | nickff wrote:
           | Notably, the 'massive inflation' was a rate of 1-1.5% per
           | year...
        
             | AnimalMuppet wrote:
             | Which, for the gold standard, is still rather shocking.
        
               | SoftTalker wrote:
               | Well only with a fairly fixed amount of gold available.
               | If suddenly a vast new supply of gold is discovered, its
               | not shocking that there would be inflation.
        
         | throwup238 wrote:
         | Spain's colonies funneled huge amounts of gold and silver into
         | the European economies without a complementary increase in
         | productivity to absorb it, causing massive inflation.
         | 
         | A ship for transatlantic shipping might have first cost 100,000
         | maravedi to build and equip before the treasure fleet
         | expeditions, but afterwards with so much gold flowing into the
         | economy and lots of competition for a limited ship building
         | industry, the costs would inflate to 1 million maravedi (number
         | roughly from memory). Same with the canons and shot, animals
         | and sailor salaries, and so on.
         | 
         | Meanwhile, shipbuilders with all their newfound money are
         | competing for blacksmiths, the outfitters are competing for
         | livestock and horses, and so on. This puts lots of pressure on
         | the rest of society which might need the iron for farming tools
         | and the livestock to survive the winter, which they can no
         | longer afford since the conquistadors and their merchants can
         | pay a lot more in gold. In the end the maravedi accounts look
         | bigger but represent the same amount of physical goods or
         | labor.
         | 
         | Repeat this process across the whole economy and it throws
         | everything into chaos. Some people here and there get rich, but
         | economy wide it's a total wash. Any wealth created for the
         | state mostly just went into paying for wars because the
         | inflation worked its way up through salaries.
        
           | ares623 wrote:
           | hold up a minute
        
             | financetechbro wrote:
             | We're sadly living through the same thing right now
        
         | conception wrote:
         | Actual EL5 - Stregga Nona but with money.
        
         | Herring wrote:
         | It's just investing vs extracting/exploitation. Both can get
         | you rich, but one is short-term and the other is long-term.
         | 
         | Consider what that means for sustainability and the future.
        
         | rr808 wrote:
         | Today - if you give everyone $10 million dollars there isn't
         | enough production for everyone to buy what they want - you just
         | get inflation. Its probably worse for the economy as people
         | stop working.
        
         | cherryteastain wrote:
         | Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations explores the topic in depth
        
         | hecanjog wrote:
         | How is this the top comment on a hacker news article... we all
         | can't be bothered to use any critical thinking skills? Explain
         | it to me like I'm 5 is seriously the most up-voted sentiment?
         | This place has been proclaiming it's on a downtrend for years,
         | but I think I finally believe it.
         | 
         | Edit: I believe in plain-speaking. "ELI5" being code for this
         | is weird to me but if that's really what it is, cool. If it's
         | really a code for "I want to understand this more deeply
         | without jargon" I get it.
         | 
         | If it's code for "I don't want to understand this, just tell me
         | the answer" then I don't really understand the appeal on a site
         | like hacker news... that's the perspective that made me post
         | initially. What is curious about this?
        
           | delbronski wrote:
           | Smugness level 110. It is a good question. Get over yourself
           | please.
        
             | hecanjog wrote:
             | Fair enough, but I disagree that it's a good question.
             | "Explain it to me like I'm 5" (not even written out in
             | words, just the abbreviation we all know) is not a curious
             | place to come from, it is a desire for the quickest path to
             | the end/payoff.
        
               | Loughla wrote:
               | Eli5 is a common way of asking for clarification. That's
               | all.
        
               | hecanjog wrote:
               | It's common, I know what it means. It communicated its
               | intent properly, I think. It's surprising to me that a
               | venture capital finance site would need to clarify the
               | difference between value and wealth, and I would be
               | interested in hearing questions about this, but "ELI5"
               | doesn't even meet the basic criteria for being a
               | question. It asks no questions.
        
               | busyant wrote:
               | I think you're taking the comment too literally.
               | 
               | I took it to mean something like, "I won't understand an
               | abstruse Ph.D.-level explanation of what happened. I need
               | an explanation geared toward the layperson."
               | 
               | In fact, I think that's closer to the essence of ELI5--as
               | opposed to literally explaining something at the 5 year
               | old level.
               | 
               | I suppose you can quibble about using the initialism,
               | ELI, but only if you're advocating for people who might
               | be unfamiliar with its use. Otherwise, I don't understand
               | your complaint.
        
               | hecanjog wrote:
               | I don't think that I am. I don't think that they want to
               | be treated like they're 5, but I do think they don't want
               | to put thought into it. We're training ourselves to
               | offload critical thinking and I was surprised to see it
               | driving the conversation here.
        
       | rayiner wrote:
       | > For the latter part of the 1500s and on into the 1600s Spain
       | was a debtor nation, spending more abroad than it took in. The
       | result was a net outflow of gold and silver. Attempts were made
       | to restrict the export of precious metals, but without much
       | success. In the end it all simply dribbled away. The problem was
       | that the conquest of the New World left Spain with a lot more
       | money, but not that much more wealth, if you follow me. They
       | didn't realize that until too late, and suffered centuries of
       | poverty as a consequence.
       | 
       | Sounds like America since the second half of the 20th century.
        
         | anthk wrote:
         | Spain was different. There were no 'proper' colonies, but
         | everyething was deal as if they were an inner province in
         | Iberia. That's the way you could get fancy universities for its
         | time.
         | 
         | But backwards people like Ferdinand the 7th cut down the
         | modernisation of Spain which could boost us up to the level of
         | France if not more. I'm no kidding. Just look at the Cadiz
         | constitution from 1812.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_VII
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Constitution_of_1812
         | 
         | Not bad for its time at all.
        
         | nradov wrote:
         | Nope. By any objective measure the USA has continued to
         | organically generate enormous amounts of real wealth during
         | that period. We have some issues with inequality and letting
         | foreign countries take advantage of our trade policies but the
         | new wealth is quite real.
        
       | aurizon wrote:
       | With all this gold, Spain went on a buying spree, weapons, art,
       | churches etc - and the sellers(rest of Europe) industrialized as
       | the gold trickled down into THEIR economies. When the gold no
       | longer arrived, Spain went into a steady decline as their rich
       | upper crust of RC Churche, Kings, Queens, Lords, Ladies etc. and
       | eventually became democratic after Franco.
        
         | anthk wrote:
         | We were democratic before Franco. Twice. Until the damn
         | conservatives threw the Republic down, twice, too.
        
       | pfdietz wrote:
       | As I understand it, some of the silver was siphoned off in trade
       | with China (via the trans-Pacific route to Manila). China needed
       | continuing silver imports because silver was not used there in
       | the form of standardized coinage, but rather in ingots that were
       | weighed and subdivided, with inevitable continuing loss.
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2025-12-26 23:01 UTC)