[HN Gopher] Alzheimer's disease can be reversed in animal models...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Alzheimer's disease can be reversed in animal models? Study
        
       Author : thunderbong
       Score  : 397 points
       Date   : 2025-12-25 15:22 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (case.edu)
 (TXT) w3m dump (case.edu)
        
       | A_D_E_P_T wrote:
       | The authors report that restoring NAD+ balance in the brain --
       | using a compound called P7C3-A20 -- completely reversed
       | Alzheimer's pathology and recovered cognitive function in two
       | different transgenic mouse models (one amyloid-based, one tau-
       | based). The mice had advanced disease before treatment began.
       | 
       | Three comments:
       | 
       | - You can actually buy the drug here:
       | https://focusbiomolecules.com/p7c3-a20-nampt-activator-prone...
       | It's a simple small molecule. If this stuff works, expect it to
       | be everywhere within just a couple of years.
       | 
       | - There's room for skepticism. As Derek Lowe once wrote:
       | "Alzheimer's therapies have, for the most part, been a cliff over
       | which people push bales of money. There are plenty of good
       | reasons for this: we don't really know what the cause of
       | Alzheimer's is, when you get down to it, and we're the only
       | animal that we know of that gets it. Mouse models of the disease
       | would be extremely useful - you wouldn't even have to know what
       | the problem was to do some sort of phenotypic screen - but the
       | transgenic mice used for these experiments clearly don't
       | recapitulate the human disease. The hope for the last 25 years or
       | so has been that they'd be close enough to get somewhere, but
       | look where we are."
       | 
       | > https://www.science.org/content/blog-post/just-how-worthless...
       | 
       | - If the drug's mechanism of action has been correctly assigned,
       | it's very plausible that simply supplementing with NMN, NR, or
       | NADH would work equally well. The authors caution against this
       | on, IMO, extremely shaky and unjustified grounds. "Pieper
       | emphasized that current over-the-counter NAD+-precursors have
       | been shown in animal models to raise cellular NAD+ to dangerously
       | high levels that promote cancer."
        
         | bossyTeacher wrote:
         | > Pieper emphasized that current over-the-counter
         | NAD+-precursors have been shown in animal models to raise
         | cellular NAD+ to dangerously high levels that promote cancer.
         | 
         | Does this mean that people are having to trade Alzheimer in
         | exchange for high risk of cancer? Or does this mean that we
         | need better precursors that don't require that trade off?
        
           | juujian wrote:
           | It's a quality of life vs years left calculation you have to
           | make on a case by case basis.
        
             | mmooss wrote:
             | You can't make calculations without data, and in this case
             | you have none: we have no idea of the effects on humans.
        
           | shawnz wrote:
           | Keep reading:
           | 
           | > Pieper emphasized that current over-the-counter
           | NAD+-precursors have been shown in animal models to raise
           | cellular NAD+ to dangerously high levels that promote cancer.
           | The pharmacological approach in this study, however, uses a
           | pharmacologic agent (P7C3-A20) that enables cells to maintain
           | their proper balance of NAD+ under conditions of otherwise
           | overwhelming stress, without elevating NAD+ to
           | supraphysiologic levels.
        
           | luma wrote:
           | I think it means one should read the very next sentence:
           | 
           | > Pieper emphasized that current over-the-counter
           | NAD+-precursors have been shown in animal models to raise
           | cellular NAD+ to dangerously high levels that promote cancer.
           | The pharmacological approach in this study, however, uses a
           | pharmacologic agent (P7C3-A20) that enables cells to maintain
           | their proper balance of NAD+ under conditions of otherwise
           | overwhelming stress, without elevating NAD+ to
           | supraphysiologic levels.
        
           | A_D_E_P_T wrote:
           | There's no good evidence that supplementation with NMN, NR,
           | etc. increases the risk of cancer in healthy people. There's
           | some speculation that it might be risky for people with
           | cancer to take those supplements, but the picture is far from
           | clear. Some papers even suggest that they can be beneficial.
           | (e.g., https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10177531/ )
           | 
           | In terms of risk-benefit analysis, _if_ this stuff actually
           | cures Alzheimer 's, then even a 10x increased risk of cancer
           | (all types) is acceptable, as Alzheimer's is frequently a
           | fate worse than death whereas cancer can be managed whilst
           | keeping your personality and sanity intact. In reality, the
           | increased risk of cancer from something like NMN is perhaps
           | 1.005x. To all appearances, totally negligible.
           | 
           | The problem, for Pieper, is that NMN/NR/NADH are ubiquitous
           | and cost pennies per dose. So, _if_ they work (big if), this
           | new research is unmonetizable. The team leads would win a
           | Nobel Prize, but Big Pharma gigabucks are out of the
           | question. Let 's see what happens.
        
             | nkmnz wrote:
             | Could explain how a compound that's already on the market
             | and has been patented for (some) medical use at least once
             | in 2015 (expiring 2035) might make a good case for "Big
             | Pharma gigabucks"? I thought one reason for a lack of
             | research into "repurposablity" of existing small molecule
             | drugs is the fact that new applications cannot be
             | independently patented?
        
               | cyberax wrote:
               | You absolutely can patent existing drugs. There's a whole
               | scummy pharma industry that takes existing drugs that are
               | widely used off-label and patents that off-label use.
        
               | directevolve wrote:
               | I think it's worth addressing this with more nuance.
               | 
               | Companies can get a METHOD-OF-USE PATENT (MOU) on an old
               | drug for a new INDICATION.
               | 
               | This gives them the exclusive right to LABEL AND MARKET
               | that drug for that indication for a period of time.
               | 
               | I however, doctors can prescribe and pharmacists can
               | substitute generics for the new indication, regardless of
               | the MOU.
               | 
               | For a company to profit off an MOU, they strategically
               | need to create a new FORMULATION. This is a new dose or
               | delivery mechanism (extended release, topical, etc). A
               | new formulation can be protected with conventional
               | patents that go beyond an MOU.
               | 
               | With an MOU + patent on a new formulation, the company
               | has a brand where they are the only ones allowed to make
               | the new formulation and the only ones with a product
               | approved to be marketed for the new indication.
               | 
               | Getting FDA approval for the new brand is not the main
               | hurdle for the company. To get insurers to pay the
               | premium they want over the cost of existing treatment
               | options, they have to show it's safer or more effective
               | than those existing options. Otherwise insurance will
               | block it.
               | 
               | In principle, this means that repurposing should only
               | enable companies to profitably repurpose off patent off
               | label applications if they can provide a real patient
               | benefit.
               | 
               | Whether this is the best or most efficient way to promote
               | this kind of innovation, or whether it works as well in
               | practice as it would seem in theory, is a separate
               | question.
        
               | rockskon wrote:
               | You don't patent a use. You're thinking trademark.
        
             | FooBarWidget wrote:
             | Furthermore, we don't even know whether NAD precursor
             | supplementation works. They raise intracellular NAD+
             | levels, but unclear whether they raise intercellular NAD+,
             | which is what really matters. There are also those that say
             | NAD+ recycling matters more than we think, and precursors
             | don't address that.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _raise intracellular NAD+ levels, but unclear whether
               | they raise intercellular NAD+, which is what really
               | matters_
               | 
               | Why?
        
               | FooBarWidget wrote:
               | Urgh I made a mistake. I meant the other way around:
               | intracellular matters more, but intercellular is easier
               | to measure.
        
           | mmooss wrote:
           | It means we have no idea if this would work or how it would
           | work, and discussing it as a treatment for humans is badly
           | mistaken.
        
         | Palomides wrote:
         | >expect it to be everywhere within just a couple of years.
         | 
         | there are studies about this compound from a decade ago, kinda
         | doubt it's going to be a breakthrough at this point
        
           | SoftTalker wrote:
           | Searching for "P7C3-A20" just now, looks like it's readily
           | available now from multiple sources.
        
             | cj wrote:
             | Is this the same NAD+ that's prescribed by longevity /
             | hormone clinics?
             | 
             | Edit: after some googling, sounds like NAD+ (which you can
             | get from real doctors) is the "building blocks" similar to
             | how protein is the building blocks for muscle, while the
             | experimental compound changes/enhances how the building
             | blocks are used inside your cells.
        
               | andy_ppp wrote:
               | So you might need some NAD+ precursor like NMN and this
               | compound for it to work in humans because by the time
               | you're old it's much harder for your body to make. Was
               | the experiment done in older mice or younger ones that
               | have NAD+ but artificial Alzheimer's ?
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | What's the current state of between NMN, NR and straight-
               | up niacin?
        
         | hnlmorg wrote:
         | > and we're the only animal that we know of that gets it.
         | 
         | Is this actually true? I thought it was pretty common for
         | elderly pets
        
           | xenospn wrote:
           | Elderly pets have loss of cognitive function/memory, but I
           | don't think it's the same disease.
        
             | anonym29 wrote:
             | What's the objective, clearly disambiguated, empirically
             | demonstrable difference between memory loss, dementia, and
             | Alzheimer's?
        
               | tsimionescu wrote:
               | Alzheimer's is, by definition, dementia with associated
               | amyloid plaques in the brain. Since you can't detect the
               | plaques without cutting into the brain, the diagnosis is
               | normally given based on symptoms of dementia (significant
               | loss of memory or other cognitive functions) without
               | other clear reasons (no evidence of vascular events, head
               | trauma, brain tumors or other neurological diseases etc).
        
               | armadsen wrote:
               | My understanding is that amyloid plaques can actually be
               | seen with a specialized PET scan now, so it can be more
               | definitively diagnosed in living people.
        
               | anonym29 wrote:
               | You mentioned amyloid plaques. What about tau tangles? I
               | thought Alzheimer's required both. If someone (or some
               | dog, for that matter) has amyloid plaques but no tau
               | tangles, is that Alzheimer's? If they have tau tangles
               | but no amyloid plaques, what is it?
               | 
               | And what about the brains that show amyloid plaques, tau
               | tangles, and Lewy bodies? Or plaques plus vascular
               | lesions? At autopsy, most elderly brains show mixed
               | pathology. Does that person have Alzheimer's plus Lewy
               | body dementia plus vascular dementia? Three diseases? Or
               | one brain failing in multiple correlated ways that we've
               | artificially carved into separate categories?
               | 
               | It sounds like we have at least five different
               | pathological markers that correlate with cognitive
               | decline, often co-occurring, with inconsistent symptom
               | mapping. What makes 'Alzheimer's' a disease rather than a
               | region we've named in a high-dimensional space we don't
               | really understand all that well?
        
               | tsimionescu wrote:
               | > What makes 'Alzheimer's' a disease rather than a region
               | we've named in a high-dimensional space we don't really
               | understand all that well?
               | 
               | Nothing. I think it's sometimes in fact called a
               | syndrome, not a disease per se. Since we don't really
               | understand the mechanism of action, it remains more of a
               | diagnosis by exclusion rather than anything else.
        
         | mmooss wrote:
         | > There's room for skepticism.
         | 
         | And there's room for thinking there's water in the ocean. We
         | have no idea whether this would work at all or how it would
         | work at all in humans. We have one experiment in mice, which as
         | you say can't have Alzheimer's.
         | 
         | This is a nice step, like developments in fusion energy. That's
         | part of research, and let's hope and investigate it, but it's
         | absurd to think about it as anything but a science project
         | right now.
        
           | thisislife2 wrote:
           | And the author of the paper has disclosed that they have
           | patent on the drug being tested. Let's see if the results can
           | be reproduced by others. Then let's see how it tests with
           | humans.
        
           | reissbaker wrote:
           | Sadly, it's worse. We don't have one experiment that works in
           | mice: we have dozens, if not hundreds. We've cured
           | "Alzheimer's in mice" many times over. The treatments never
           | work in humans, because it's not the same disease. We don't
           | know the root cause of the human disease and so we can't
           | model it accurately in mice.
        
             | everdrive wrote:
             | I totally get that people are not mice, however animals
             | studies have been useful for all sorts of diseases. Are
             | they really uniquely bad for Alzheimer's?
        
               | adinb wrote:
               | No. I believe the problem is with our artificial models
               | of Alzheimer's in mice.
        
               | greygoo222 wrote:
               | To put it simply, mice don't get Alzheimer's. We're not
               | studying mice with Alzheimer's, we're studying mice with
               | an mutation chosen for resembling Alzheimer's. But we
               | don't know whether this model replicates the actual
               | mechanisms of the disease, or if it's superficial.
        
         | scarmig wrote:
         | > Pieper emphasized that current over-the-counter
         | NAD+-precursors have been shown in animal models to raise
         | cellular NAD+ to dangerously high levels that promote cancer.
         | 
         | As someone who's seen both cancer and Alzheimer's up close,
         | that would be a very easy choice.
        
           | kingofmen wrote:
           | Uh... which one? Choice is not obvious to me, and I think it
           | would depend on the type of cancer.
        
             | ramencentral wrote:
             | Cancer is better than Alzheimer's. There is no comparison.
             | I wouldn't wish Alzheimer's or dementia on my worst enemy.
        
             | idiotsecant wrote:
             | Cancer times a million
        
             | scarmig wrote:
             | Cancer. The worst types of it have the advantage of killing
             | quickly. Alzheimer's destroys the self, and you survive a
             | long time with it, leading to much more suffering, both to
             | you (to the extent you continue to exist) and to your
             | family.
        
               | deepspace wrote:
               | I have a different perspective. The worst types of cancer
               | kill slowly and cause agonizing suffering.
               | 
               | Alzheimer's leads to negative outcomes for your
               | caregivers, but by many accounts many affected
               | individuals do not suffer all that much, if at all, due
               | to their lack of awareness.
        
             | shepardrtc wrote:
             | From multiple personal experiences, including both of my
             | parents, dementia is a slow, horrible death where you are
             | robbed of your dignity and end up dragging all of your
             | relatives through a very long, very torturous hell. You
             | will be drooling, pissing, and shitting yourself, all while
             | slowly reverting back to a low IQ childhood mentality where
             | you're very likely to have outbursts and verbally or
             | physically attack the people around you. Your loved ones
             | will be tormented, and if you don't have loved ones then if
             | you're lucky you'll be tossed into a room and forgotten
             | about by underpaid, overworked staff at some run-down
             | nursing home. If you're not lucky you'll be laying in a
             | gutter on the street until you die.
        
               | PaulHoule wrote:
               | Interestingly my wife helped a friend whose father had
               | the disease during the pandemic.
               | 
               | He had worked as a professor and after retirement had
               | suffered with AD for years but had stayed "independent"
               | because his wife was high functioning mentally but low
               | functioning physically and formed a good team.
               | 
               | He'd bought long term care insurance so he had the
               | resources to afford both a room at a care home but also
               | personal help from home aides, including my wife. He
               | didn't really know what was going on most of the time but
               | he never got angry or flustered and was always pleasant
               | to deal with.
               | 
               | We had trouble with certain homes having a way they want
               | to do things or requiring things that weren't really
               | necessary, one insisted that he get a pacemaker because
               | he had bradycardia. When he lived with his son between
               | homes probably the most difficult thing was that he got
               | up in the night to use the bathroom and would end up
               | urinating in the wrong place. He got much better care
               | than many residents because people were always coming
               | around to see him and the staff knew that we cared and
               | would advocate for him.
               | 
               | He passed away at 92 and outlived many of the people who
               | knew him at work so he had just a small memorial
               | ceremony. I saw it as an example of healthy aging and
               | talked about it a lot with my wife -- and it made me
               | think about myself and my own fear that my ability to
               | compensate for my schizotaxia may degrade when my brain
               | degrades and I can picture myself becoming really nasty
               | and it gives me all the more incentive to rewrite my
               | habits while I still can.
        
               | Aurornis wrote:
               | Sadly, cancer isn't one singular disease. Types of cancer
               | can be excruciatingly painful for many years, which is
               | also tormenting to everyone around you. I wouldn't wish
               | either on anyone.
        
             | Workaccount2 wrote:
             | Seeing my grandmother go through dementia for 10 years made
             | me incredibly angry that we don't have assisted suicide
             | available for people.
             | 
             | People with the emotional and compassionate depth of a
             | child are the ones keeping us from allowing people to die
             | with dignity.
        
               | scarmig wrote:
               | If I were diagnosed with Alzheimer's, I would seek out
               | assisted suicide. But I think it's more complicated than
               | that: its existence incentivizes pushing people toward
               | assisted suicide. The government finds a way to help with
               | bloated medical care budgets; unscrupulous family members
               | guilt trip the sick to choose the option to keep the
               | inheritance intact.
               | 
               | The best solution allows it for severe cases, while still
               | investing money in research and spending money for
               | palliative care so it remains an option and not a demand.
               | But that's a tricky line to maintain.
        
               | Workaccount2 wrote:
               | My grandmother's case ended up bankrupting my grandfather
               | and seriously straining the rest of the family. Which
               | ultimately put my grandfather in a pennyless position
               | when he was in his 90's, and poor state care when he was
               | declining - not what he or my grandmother worked their
               | entire lives for. Our family couldn't replace what was
               | lost in the years of care for my grandmother's body, long
               | after she herself was gone.
               | 
               |  _Never_ something she would have wanted, but you don 't
               | really have a choice and dignified death is never given
               | as an option.
        
               | Tepix wrote:
               | > dignified death is never given as an option
               | 
               | That's not a universal law, in fact it is different in
               | other countries, i.e. it is something that can be
               | changed.
        
               | chasil wrote:
               | It appears that there are options for care in other
               | countries that are much less expensive.
               | 
               | https://www.alzint.org/news-events/news/health-tourism-
               | the-l...
        
           | JumpCrisscross wrote:
           | > _current over-the-counter NAD+-precursors have been shown
           | in animal models to raise cellular NAD+ to dangerously high
           | levels_
           | 
           | Is this a problem with the molecule or the dose?
        
           | tsoukase wrote:
           | Except that time of death comes on average many years later
           | for Alzheimer's than cancer. In the same thought, better die
           | from heart attack instantly but unfortunately much earlier,
           | which would be devastating for the relatives.
        
         | Aurornis wrote:
         | > - You can actually buy the drug here:
         | https://focusbiomolecules.com/p7c3-a20-nampt-activator-prone...
         | It's a simple small molecule. If this stuff works, expect it to
         | be everywhere within just a couple of years.
         | 
         | There are numerous chemical supply companies that will list
         | chemicals like this "for sale". They might not have it in stock
         | but they hope they'll get your search traffic and be able to
         | synthesize it if you place an order.
         | 
         | If you look at the amounts, they're tiny. I don't know the
         | doses that would be used in humans but typically ordering from
         | chemical supply shops would be economically infeasible for just
         | about any drug. These are meant for one-off studies and
         | experiments, not ongoing human use.
         | 
         | There have been a growing number of online groups arranging to
         | do group buys of synthesized experimental drugs based on
         | studies. I've followed a few of them and the results range from
         | people losing their money, receiving product that is too
         | contaminated to use, or in some cases they go to great lengths
         | to verify the chemical but then discover it doesn't do what the
         | original study promised it would do. In some of the more
         | horrifying cases I've seen forum posts from people reporting
         | long lasting chest pains from one chemical, and another
         | chemical was sending people into psychosis. So if (when) these
         | chemicals start appearing on group buy sites I suggest ignoring
         | it until more research is done. Making yourself into a lab rat
         | is not a good idea.
        
           | chasil wrote:
           | There appears to be some danger in using NAD+ without the
           | supervision of an experienced physician.
           | 
           | "Pieper emphasized that current over-the-counter
           | NAD+-precursors have been shown in animal models to raise
           | cellular NAD+ to dangerously high levels that promote
           | cancer."
        
             | digitaltrees wrote:
             | Most people with Alzheimer's are older and would probably
             | trade having their cognitive abilities back even with
             | increased risk of cancer
        
       | ltbarcly3 wrote:
       | They mean the fake Alzheimer's they induce by injecting poison
       | into 3 month old animals or which develops in mice genetically
       | engineered to have diseases that aren't Alzheimer's but are
       | somewhat similar to Alzheimer's in some ways, not the kind where
       | you wait 70 years for a human to develop which they don't even
       | really understand what causes it.
        
         | gus_massa wrote:
         | Agree. As far as I remember, mice don't get real Alzheimer, so
         | they only have a model that is somewhat similar.
         | 
         | Let's hope the cure can be transfered to humans, but I think
         | the chances are extremly low.
        
         | timcobb wrote:
         | Yeah, we got it!
        
         | busyant wrote:
         | > the fake Alzheimer's they induce ....
         | 
         | I used to work with a guy who had been a scientist at a large
         | pharma company (we were both working at a small biotech start-
         | up at the time).
         | 
         | He told me an interesting story... basically, scientists at his
         | company would get an _extra_ year-end bonus if they had worked
         | on a drug candidate that made it past animal studies and into
         | human (clinical) trials.
         | 
         | He told me that one way to 'consistently' get the extra bonus
         | was to work on candidate drugs for neurological diseases (e.g.,
         | Alzheimer's, etc.) because ... the animal models for those
         | diseases were (generally) dog shit, so it was easy to find a
         | drug that 'cured' whatever happened to be your neurological
         | disease of interest in mice/rats/etc.
         | 
         | Then you get your bonus and the drug fails in humans.
         | 
         | Lather, rinse, repeat.
        
       | jtrn wrote:
       | This is totally improper reporting of the study.
       | 
       | When enough words, framing, and unstated important premises are
       | omitted, it crosses over from the realm of incomplete or
       | misleading into plain outright lying in my worldview.
       | 
       | They claim "Reverses advanced AD in mice." What they did is
       | reverse symptoms in genetic models.
       | 
       | They claim to "Restore NAD+ homeostasis," ignoring that NAD might
       | not even be causally related to Alzheimer's, just a side effect.
       | It's like saying we cured a house fire because we efficiently
       | removed the ashes after the fire. It's the Tau thing all over
       | again.
       | 
       | The claim: "Conservative molecular signatures" when in reality,
       | 5xFAD mice are poor predictors of human clinical success to such
       | a degree that it's statistically more common for mice studies to
       | NOT transfer to human biology than to do so.
       | 
       | They also make unsupported claims like "Safer than NAD+
       | precursors (supplements)," when this is a pre-clinical
       | assumption. No human toxicity trials are mentioned in this
       | context, and there are always MASSIVE differences when switching
       | to real human studies. It might be correct, but there's no basis
       | to say that based on this study.
       | 
       | Also, the senior author owns the company. The paper has the
       | hallmarks of a "pitch deck" for the drug.
       | 
       | In short, it seems to me that the claim of "Full Neurological
       | Recovery" is misleading to patients. It fails to prove that
       | fixing NAD+ in humans will stop the disease, only that it works
       | in mice engineered to have the disease, and only by assuming that
       | their specific measure is a 1-to-1 with the clinical presentation
       | of the disease. The results are likely the "best case scenario"
       | presented to support the commercialization of P7C3-A20.
       | 
       | Here is the COMMON SENSE question peer-reviews should have asked.
       | Is low NAD+ the fire, or just the ashes?
       | 
       | Why should we believe this works in humans when the last 500
       | 'cures' in 5xFAD mice failed?
       | 
       | Are you regrowing a brain, or just cleaning up a dirty one?
       | 
       | How does one molecule fix five unconnected problems
       | simultaneously? The Context: The drug fixed inflammation, blood-
       | brain barrier, amyloid/tau (protein folding), and memory
       | (neuronal signaling). Drugs rarely hit four distinct biological
       | systems with 100% success....
       | 
       | Where is the toxicology report that proves 'safer than
       | supplements'?
        
         | exmadscientist wrote:
         | I can't upvote your comment enough.
         | 
         | Please... people, do not get your hopes up over this one PR
         | pump piece released on Christmas Day. This is not a legit
         | study. (It might, perhaps, somehow, still be correct,
         | perhaps... even broken clocks are right twice a day... but it's
         | still not a legit study.)
        
           | nandomrumber wrote:
           | Stopped clocks.
           | 
           | Broken clocks can be broken in ways that causes them to be up
           | to and including never correct.
           | 
           | ;)
        
         | JumpCrisscross wrote:
         | > _the senior author owns the company_
         | 
         | Unfortunately, the moment I saw reference to NAD+ I started
         | looking for this. Thank you.
        
       | briandw wrote:
       | Boosting NAD has a been the focus of taking NMN supplements.
       | Seems like NMN is a dud for boosting NAD. I wonder if P7C3-A20
       | can be used instead?
        
         | jadbox wrote:
         | "Seems like NMN is a dud for boosting NAD" what gives you that
         | notion?
        
       | ganesh7 wrote:
       | This is eyewatering. My father and grandfather died early due to
       | this condition. Hope for many.
        
       | beckerdo wrote:
       | It's a useful discovery. The real proof and utility is if what
       | they learned from "mouse-heimer's" can be applied to human
       | Alzheimer's.
        
         | nandomrumber wrote:
         | That's so obvious I can't believe I didn't think of it, and /
         | or that I haven't seen it before.
         | 
         | Mouse-heifer's! <knee slap>
        
       | 7thpower wrote:
       | This is great news for mice who have something vaguely similar to
       | Alzheimer's.
        
         | baq wrote:
         | Of which there are none except for the few we tried to
         | genetically modify so they kinda get something maybe sorta
         | similar
        
           | 7thpower wrote:
           | But there's good news. They're all going to be fine, except
           | for the ones who aren't.
           | 
           | Merry Christmas!
        
       | looneysquash wrote:
       | "Animals" suggests more than one kind of animal.
       | 
       | Which animals besides mice does this cause a full neurological
       | recovery in?
        
       | cubefox wrote:
       | Related: Recently another study on a mouse model had similar
       | effects when using lithium orotate:
       | 
       | https://www.science.org/content/blog-post/lithium-deficiency...
        
       | jrpt wrote:
       | There's a lot of umbrella diagnoses that would benefit from more
       | specific diagnostics first. What we call Alzheimer's is probably
       | actually caused by number of different causes depending on the
       | person. This is true of a lot of things in medicine that get
       | grouped together. That's why testing a drug in mouse models with
       | all the same characteristics sometimes works but fails to
       | translate into humans who have more variety amongst each other.
       | 
       | The same is true of many diagnoses like pneumonia, cancer,
       | alopecia, essential tremor: there's multiple different groups
       | that would benefit from different things, and if we had better
       | ways to identify the groups, we'd give them what works for them
       | instead of wasting their time with the wrong treatment. As an
       | example, antibiotics won't work for viral pneumonia and in
       | addition to wasting the patient's time, actually harm your
       | microbiome. If you had a perfect way to know which is which,
       | you'd always get the right treatment.
       | 
       | Precision medicine takes this even further.
        
         | djmips wrote:
         | Always profile before you optimize.
        
           | JumpCrisscross wrote:
           | > _Always profile before you optimize_
           | 
           | Not necessarily. Often, treatment and testing can be done in
           | parallel.
           | 
           | In many cases, the treatment is also a test. Every time you
           | apply topical antibiotics to a cut, you're testing for
           | antibiotic resistance.
        
             | awesome_dude wrote:
             | I had read their comment as "accurately diagnose before
             | treating"
             | 
             | It's not "House" where you guess something, provide a
             | treatment, watch as things get worse, then change diagnosis
             | in the real world is it?
        
         | awesome_dude wrote:
         | I recall a University of Washington (I think it was) where they
         | were saying they had found Schizophrenia to be a bucket
         | diagnosis, and had discovered that multiple sets of genes were
         | working together in specific testable ways such that there were
         | >4 sub types of Schizophrenia each with its own set of
         | symptoms, and ability to respond to different medications.
         | 
         | The researcher did a follow-up study to confirm their thesis,
         | but I've never seen anyone else follow up on those studies
         | (family with Schizophrenia makes me acutely aware of
         | developments in that field)
         | 
         | https://source.washu.edu/2014/09/schizophrenia-not-a-single-...
         | 
         | oh, would you look at that - a newer study
         | https://biology.ucdavis.edu/news/discovery-hints-genetic-bas...
        
         | nandomrumber wrote:
         | You're right, disease labels aren't diagnostic.
         | 
         | Many disease labels just mean inflammation-of-a tissue / organ.
         | 
         | Worth noting that some viral inflections of the respiratory
         | tract will have a bacterial secondary, where an either
         | commensal bacteria has over proliferated or a pathogenic
         | bacteria has started to get a hold, and treating the bacterial
         | secondary can help the patient better fight the viral primary.
        
       | xvxvx wrote:
       | Anytime I see headlines like these, I think of the countless
       | animals tortured to death. The sheer level of suffering, all for
       | this Frankenstein nonsense. 90-95% of drugs that appear safe and
       | effective in animal tests ultimately fail in human trials. They
       | mention mice, but there are likely other animals involved, like
       | dogs. Animals deliberately bred with crippling diseases, all for
       | fame and fortune.
       | 
       | More than 110 million animals are killed in the United States
       | each year in experiments. I'd rather just accept Alzheimer's than
       | be complicit in this evil.
        
         | kingofmen wrote:
         | Do you eat meat?
        
           | xvxvx wrote:
           | No.
        
         | ssstt wrote:
         | If you don't want to be complicit you can always stop taking
         | any drug
        
           | xvxvx wrote:
           | I take none and haven't in over a decade.
        
         | fredoliveira wrote:
         | > all for fame and fortune
         | 
         | I understand the compassion for animals, of course, but not
         | this sentence. Advancing science is not "all for fame or
         | fortune". If it cures people, I can see it. I too would love a
         | world without animal suffering, but I'd also love to not be
         | literally seeing (and I just came back from my parents') my dad
         | slip more and more into nothingness at the hand of this stupid
         | disease.
        
           | xvxvx wrote:
           | Naivety is living in a world where scientists and
           | pharmaceutical companies just want to end suffering. Please.
        
         | NotGMan wrote:
         | Given the choice between a drug saving the life of my (future)
         | child or sacrificing animals I know what I'd choose.
        
           | xvxvx wrote:
           | I'd choose the animals over your child too.
        
       | bilsbie wrote:
       | GOOD point by my wife, how does this affect those with apoe4
       | status. And also is there any connection with the recent lithium
       | findings.
        
       | 1970-01-01 wrote:
       | Yet another "in mice" breakthrough. The cerebral cortex of a
       | mouse has around 8-14 million neurons while in those humans there
       | are more than 10-15 billion. So scale this outcome by literally
       | 1000x more neurons and wake me when the chimps are remembering
       | how to hold a long conversation.
        
         | JumpCrisscross wrote:
         | > _Yet another "in mice" breakthrough_
         | 
         | I don't get this take. Like yes, we aren't mice, and everything
         | that works in mice won't work in humans. But loads of things
         | that worked in mice _did_ wind up working in humans, which is
         | why most groundbreaking drugs over the past decades were first
         | explored in mice, which is why we continue to use mouse models.
        
       | jmward01 wrote:
       | Not my field, but I think a big point here is this isn't purely
       | researching into Amyloid plaques. It is way past time to explore
       | many other possibilities and it is promising to see research in a
       | different direction. This isn't to say Amyloid plaques aren't
       | worthy of research, but when you slam into a wall for a few
       | decades then maybe you should look in different directions now
       | and again.
        
       | tbenst wrote:
       | A key challenge with Alzheimer's is there is no good mouse model
       | for the disease. While some approximate the phenotype, it's not
       | clear that the disease model as commonly studied in mice matches
       | well with mechanisms of the human disease. There's some thinking
       | in the field that this could be a key reason why so many
       | treatments have appeared very promising in mice and haven't
       | panned out in humans.
        
       | londons_explore wrote:
       | I really don't see how you can make an animal model of something
       | you don't fully understand in humans.
       | 
       | Just because you made an animal have similar symptoms doesn't
       | mean the animal has Alzheimer's!
       | 
       | I suspect that animal models hinder rather than help science
       | progress because most of the animals models will turn out to be
       | entirely wrong.
        
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