[HN Gopher] Phoenix: A modern X server written from scratch in Zig
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Phoenix: A modern X server written from scratch in Zig
        
       Author : snvzz
       Score  : 613 points
       Date   : 2025-12-24 22:43 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (git.dec05eba.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (git.dec05eba.com)
        
       | superb_dev wrote:
       | > The compositor will get disabled ... if the client runs a
       | fullscreen application and disabled vsync in the application.
       | 
       | This is interesting to me, why would vsync being enabled mean
       | that the desktop compositor needs to stick around for a full
       | screen app?
        
         | amiga-workbench wrote:
         | I imagine because vsync and triple buffering introduce latency.
         | There are cases like games where you don't want all that lag.
        
           | superb_dev wrote:
           | If the goal was to reduce latency, wouldn't you want the
           | desktop compositor out of the way when vsync is on?
        
       | sergiotapia wrote:
       | This is a really really bad name. There's already a Phoenix that
       | is well known in tech. https://phoenixframework.org/
       | 
       | OP if you're the author I suggest you rename to avoid confusion.
       | Don't name it Rails either haha!
        
         | manytimesaway wrote:
         | This is a really really bad comment. I've never heard of the
         | framework you're talking about and I thought you were talking
         | about the Firefox prototype.
        
           | viccis wrote:
           | Phoenix is a well known web app framework regardless of your
           | ignorance of it.
        
             | sho_hn wrote:
             | It's still a silly comment. The Phoenix web framework is a
             | little over a decade old, and there are many other tech
             | things named Phoenix that pre-date it, even just within the
             | web application space. I assume Apache Phoenix and the web
             | framework have a lot more to be annoyed at each other for.
        
           | killthebuddha wrote:
           | I don't have an opinion on the matter, but it's pretty
           | popular. According to [1], Phoenix "was used extensively over
           | the past year" by 2.4% of responders.
           | 
           | [1] https://survey.stackoverflow.co/2025/technology
        
           | cpursley wrote:
           | If you're in software dev or frequent hn, how have you not
           | heard of Phoenix? It is consistently voted as most loved web
           | framework.
        
             | MobiusHorizons wrote:
             | I've been on hn for almost 10 years, and have been doing
             | mostly frontend development for the whole time. As far as I
             | know I have never seen it mentioned. But then I have no
             | interest in elixir, so I might just not have remembered the
             | name even if I saw it.
        
           | mhd wrote:
           | I'm also pretty sure that there was an "Elixir" in IT before
           | there was the language said framework is written in... I
           | mean, given that the letter "X" is in both Unix and X11, I'm
           | pretty sure most words containing it have already been used
           | once or twice.
           | 
           | (I still think they should've stuck with "Firebird", little
           | danger of confusing a browser with a database system mostly
           | used by Delphi devs)
        
         | hu3 wrote:
         | Your link is about a nice web framework written in Elixir.
         | 
         | But I don't see how a X server implementation should avoid name
         | collision with web frameworks.
        
       | kombine wrote:
       | Are different DPIs for different monitors supported too?
        
       | snvzz wrote:
       | Complements XLibre[0], an active fork of the X11 server from
       | Xorg.
       | 
       | XLibre is trying to advance the existing implementation which
       | Xorg abandoned, whereas Phoenix is writing a new, compatible
       | server from scratch.
       | 
       | 0. https://github.com/X11Libre/xserver
        
         | wizzwizz4 wrote:
         | XLibre is a joke. They're making changes for the sake of
         | changes: for example, commit aefde9 strips out vendoring in an
         | ad-hoc, incomplete fashion (introducing a minor spacing bug in
         | the process); and commit aafd986 replaces `int` with `unsigned
         | int` (instead of `size_t`), failing to _properly_ fix the bug
         | that the compiler warnings identified (albeit, also removing an
         | unrelated C footgun along the way, so this _does_ look like a
         | bug fix). The main author has a history of cowboy commits:
         | 533c45e (which made it into mainline Xorg before he got kicked
         | out) straight-up prevents hw /xfree86/os-
         | support/bsd/arm_video.c from compiling, so it's clear there's
         | no actual testing taking place.
         | 
         | I doubt the XLibre authors understand the X security model,
         | either - they never do, in forks like this - and they've
         | alienated most of the security researchers who might otherwise
         | clean up after them.
         | 
         | Phoenix and Wayback are much more interesting projects, in my
         | book. Wayback's designed to actually _work_ , and I expect it
         | to be production-ready much sooner; but I expect Phoenix to be
         | the more technically interesting project, since it's
         | deliberately breaking from the X11 spec.
        
       | s08148692 wrote:
       | First my mind went to Phoenix (elixir framework), then to X
       | (twitter) before it clicked what this was actually about. Some
       | very overloaded names
        
         | gldrk wrote:
         | The meaning of 'X server' has been well-established for 30+
         | years.
        
           | quesera wrote:
           | (tangent)
           | 
           | This is true, although entertainingly, the "server" part has
           | always been easily confused.
           | 
           | In X11, the "server" runs on your local machine, and the
           | "client" frequently runs on a remote system.
        
             | mananaysiempre wrote:
             | Yes, it's simultaneously logical if you look at how it
             | works and immensely strange if you don't understand the
             | architecture. (As has been noted all the way back to the
             | _UNIX-HATERS Handbook_ [1], although, pace 'DonHopkins, the
             | _NeWS Book_ uses the same terminology--possibly because it
             | was written late enough to contain promises of X11 /NeWS.)
             | 
             | [1] https://www.donhopkins.com/home/catalog/unix-
             | haters/x-window...
        
               | the_why_of_y wrote:
               | There is nothing at all strange about the terminology. Go
               | run ps on macOS and marvel at the "WindowServer" process.
               | The generic architectural term is "display server".
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windowing_system#Display_se
               | rve...
        
             | hitex wrote:
             | The server runs on the machine that allows clients to
             | connect to it. What is the confusing part about this?
        
               | quesera wrote:
               | I think the confusion is obvious, given a little empathy
               | for the range of people who use computers.
               | 
               | The server is usually a remote machine, especially back
               | in the time when "client-server" architecture was
               | emerging in mainstream (business) vernacular.
        
               | bdhcuidbebe wrote:
               | The server is not usually a remote machine. The server is
               | the app accepting remote connections.
               | 
               | This has been true for decades.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_(computing)
        
               | quesera wrote:
               | Please don't imagine that I don't fully understand this.
               | 
               | Nevertheless, X11 "server" and "client" have confused
               | very smart and highly technical people. I have had the
               | entertainment of explaining it dozens of times, though
               | rarely recently.
               | 
               | And honestly, still, a server _is_ usually a remote
               | machine in all common usage. When  "the server's down",
               | it is usually not a problem on your local machine.
        
               | jeroenhd wrote:
               | X has the terminology the other way around compared to
               | all other consumer facing software.
               | 
               | This is because of its mainframe style history and
               | technically it does make sense, it's just that everybody
               | else does things the other way around.
               | 
               | For the people who weren't around in the ancient
               | mainframe times who end up messing with Linux for the
               | first time, this is confusing for a while.
        
               | jbverschoor wrote:
               | Xhost and xapps
        
               | cloudfudge wrote:
               | The part that is counterintuitive to most people when it
               | comes to the "server" terminology is that, with X, your
               | end-user workstation (which may be an incredibly dumb X
               | terminal) is the "display server", which means you remote
               | into a server (in the traditional sense) elsewhere, which
               | then acts as an X client by making requests to your local
               | machine to display windows.
               | 
               | The way most people think about it, "client" is your
               | local machine and "server" is the remote machine that has
               | lots of applications and is potentially multi-user, but X
               | turns that backwards. The big iron is the client and the
               | relatively dumb terminal is the server.
        
               | drdec wrote:
               | I think most of the confusion arises because when you are
               | tunneling X via ssh, the X client/server is the reverse
               | of the shh client/server.
               | 
               | Add to that that the user manages the ssh connection
               | while the X connection is managed for them...
        
         | BearOso wrote:
         | Programmers aren't good at checking if the name is taken. We've
         | done this particular one before. Phoenix (Firefox) had to
         | change names because of Phoenix Technologies, then again
         | because of the Borland Firebird Database.
        
         | SoftTalker wrote:
         | Phoenix was also the name of Mozilla's browser before they
         | changed it to Firefox
        
         | donpdonp wrote:
         | I'm hoping they go with phoenix11 #seewhatididthere
        
       | gldrk wrote:
       | If you are not going to implement X11 drawing ops and XRender
       | (which I, and many others, still use heavily), what's even the
       | point? Any 'modern' program that only does client-side rendering
       | already supports Wayland. AFAIK GTK 3 doesn't even support DRI on
       | X11 unless you somehow trick it into using the abandoned OpenGL
       | Cairo backend, but that's not modern enough apparently.
        
         | drpixie wrote:
         | Where do they say they're omitting drawing and xrender?
        
           | gldrk wrote:
           | It talks about trimming 'legacy' features and specifically
           | says they are omitting 'font-related' operations. That
           | obviously means no useful core X11 application will work
           | (unless you count xlogo and xeyes). Whether the XRender glyph
           | cache mechanism is included is unclear. It also says only DRI
           | is *currently* supported, but maybe that's incidental?
        
             | gooberman wrote:
             | XRender isn't part of the core protocol so it should be
             | implemented in the future. There is already some xrender
             | code in there. Almost no applications use x11 core protocol
             | font, except for cursor. Since the x11 core protocol font
             | (on xorg server at least) is rendered without anti aliasing
             | and doesn't really support unicode.
        
               | gsnedders wrote:
               | Is there anything at a protocol level that prevents using
               | a modern font rendering stack for it?
        
               | gldrk wrote:
               | Core fonts absolutely support Unicode. My (non-Xft) xterm
               | windows are full of Unicode characters right now. It is
               | true that anti-aliasing is not supported by the X.Org
               | server, although scalable fonts have been for a while (ht
               | tps://www.x.org/archive/X11R7.5/doc/fonts/fonts.html#AEN4
               | 9...). But you don't need anti-aliasing on a high-DPI
               | display, and on a low-DPI display you can use any of the
               | many beautiful bitmap fonts, unlike a lot of 'modern
               | apps' these days.
        
         | nixosbestos wrote:
         | If I could give a comment HN Gold, it would be this comment. 3
         | times.
        
         | esjeon wrote:
         | We get the window management APIs back perhaps, unlike the
         | eternally broken Wayland ecosystem.
        
       | sho_hn wrote:
       | Pretty interesting approach to make an X server that is
       | essentially "Wayland-like" (merging display server/compositor by
       | default, isolated apps by default, no remoting of GLX, dropping
       | legacy protocol features to the point of breaking compat with the
       | core protocol, etc.). Not sure who this is for, but by itself it
       | looks like a fairly reasonable set of choices.
        
         | wmf wrote:
         | For people who absolutely have to have X11 this looks like a
         | better plan than XLibre.
        
           | sho_hn wrote:
           | It depends on whether their reasons for "absolutely having to
           | have X11" hinge on actual compatibility with e.g. old
           | binaries or wanting full remoting without streaming pixels.
           | 
           | This project would satisfy people who really actually want
           | Wayland, but were upset by transitional pains or interactions
           | they had around it and want to stick with X11 just-cause
           | while getting some similar benefits. This arguably does
           | describe some people but not sure it's a whole lot in the
           | long run.
           | 
           | But who knows, maybe this could also make an easier to
           | maintain XWayland some day, or a nice basis for implementing
           | more esoteric X11 bits down the road vs. the older Xorg
           | codebase.
        
             | vidarh wrote:
             | I don't "actually want Wayland" because I want the
             | simplicity of X and the ability to run my own wm, but I
             | have no need for legacy X11 requests, for some values of
             | "legacy". Whether this will become viable for me remains to
             | be seen, but I need very little from my X11 server.
        
               | sho_hn wrote:
               | Fair! Though I'm actually not sure I understand what you
               | mean with simplicity. X11 is so vastly more complicated
               | than Wayland.
        
               | vidarh wrote:
               | For the server/compositor.
               | 
               | Not for the client, or if you want to write a wm and is
               | forced to write a compositor.
               | 
               | And actually I'm not even even convinced about the server
               | _if talking about a minimal server like this_ that
               | insists on DRI /GBM, and ditches all the old rendering
               | cruft.
        
               | dismalaf wrote:
               | So build on top of wlroots or something. DWL for example
               | is super small...
        
               | ggdG wrote:
               | Current status:
               | 
               | > 2025-08-16: dwl IS CURRENTLY UN-MAINTAINED. AT THE
               | PRESENT TIME, I (@fauxmight) DO NOT HAVE THE TIME OR
               | CAPACITY TO KEEP UP WITH wlroots CHANGES.
               | 
               | https://codeberg.org/dwl/dwl
        
               | dismalaf wrote:
               | I said build on top of wlroots, not DWL. And I only
               | brought it up as an example of a small Wayland
               | compositor/window manager because the poster I was
               | replying to wants to build their own anyway. DWL is more
               | interesting as a learning exercise than something to use.
        
               | badsectoracula wrote:
               | The -IMO- important part of that quote is "NOT HAVE THE
               | TIME OR CAPACITY TO KEEP UP WITH wlroots CHANGES".
               | 
               | X11 is backwards compatible, you do not have to "keep up"
               | with its changes.
               | 
               | wlroots seemingly isn't. This is a significant issue when
               | it comes to relying on most 3rd party libraries.
        
               | mackeye wrote:
               | (i worked a _little bit_ on dwl) each wlroots upgrade is
               | a pretty small diff on the dwl source. the annoying part
               | is, as dwl is configured with patches, every patch author
               | has to update their patch to the new 0.x, as dwl is quite
               | minimal, and thus has no stable api. that being said,
               | obviously, dwm doesn't have this problem :)
               | 
               | also, for dwl, the issue is that the initial author (not
               | the guy that wrote that notice) is sorta mia, and he has
               | control of the repo on codeberg, so we'd probably need to
               | fork to be safe, and he may not want to take on project
               | lead. (he checks every patch for merge conflicts with one
               | another and upgrade breakages, god bless him lol)
        
               | gf000 wrote:
               | > X11 is backwards compatible, you do not have to "keep
               | up" with its changes.
               | 
               | That's certainly one way to say "no longer developed".
        
               | ggdG wrote:
               | > I said build on top of wlroots, not DWL.
               | 
               | Turns out, the wlroots API is so volatile atm that even
               | the developer of the super small compositor DWL has to
               | throw in the towel for now.
               | 
               | > DWL is more interesting as a learning exercise than
               | something to use.
               | 
               | The same is said about DWM, its xorg counterpart, but I,
               | for one, am a happy user of DWM.
        
               | dismalaf wrote:
               | Nearly every Wayland compositor is built on wlroots.
               | Somehow they manage. But yeah, of course it's going to
               | change more than X11, which is older than I am and more
               | or less abandoned...
        
               | vidarh wrote:
               | No, I do not. I pointed out that with Wayland I'd be
               | forced to. And DWL is an illustration of how much work
               | that is relative to an X11 wm.
        
               | vidarh wrote:
               | Why would I?
               | 
               | And DWL is not super small. It's hundreds of times larger
               | than a minimal X wm, and couple of times as big as the wm
               | I used.
               | 
               | And it's C. And it'd mean I would lose my session if I
               | want to make changes and restart it.
               | 
               | What you're suggesting would be to put significant effort
               | into replacing something that works with something that
               | in terms of features I care about is strictly inferior.
        
               | LeFantome wrote:
               | Well, you are not really forced to write a compositor
               | these days as there are libraries that do all the heavy
               | lifting for you.
               | 
               | Check out Louvre for example. Or Smithay if you like
               | Rust. And if you want a bit more depth, there is wlroots
               | of course (or the hyprland version). It is not really any
               | harder than writing an X11 WM.
        
               | kelnos wrote:
               | wlroots and smithay (I'm not familiar with louvre) do a
               | lot of the difficult work for you, that most compositors
               | will do without much variation but there's still a _lot_
               | that compositor writers still have to do. It 's still a
               | significantly larger task than, for example, writing an
               | X11 WM.
               | 
               | (Well, writing an X11 WM that also includes a built-in
               | compositor is a bit more than just the WM, but I'd say
               | still less than writing a Wayland compositor using
               | wlroots or smithay. For example, xfwm4's compositor is
               | around 5300 lines of C, which is... not nothing, but not
               | crazy either.)
        
               | LeFantome wrote:
               | https://github.com/CuarzoSoftware/Louvre
        
               | vidarh wrote:
               | Yeah, no I have my own wm in Ruby that is fewer lines of
               | code than a typical Wayland Hello World, and that does
               | what I want. I have no reason to want to throw that away
               | for something that doesn't offer me any features I care
               | about, and removes features I do. Such as the ability to
               | just restart my wm if I make a change to it without
               | affecting my current session at all.
               | 
               | Unless you can show me a solution that lets me replace my
               | tiling and floating wm in ca 1500 lines of Ruby, and will
               | let me restart without restarting my session, what you're
               | offering me is inferior to what I have with X
        
               | gf000 wrote:
               | It's called an extension. What's the point of mandating a
               | (bad) IPC API?
        
               | vidarh wrote:
               | Th point is that with X I could start with less than 100
               | lines and switch to using my wm, and stepwise refine it
               | _while using it_.
               | 
               | You might consider that a bad API, but to me any solution
               | without it is massively inferior and not something I will
               | ever consider.
        
               | mikkupikku wrote:
               | What's the simple way for a bash script to get the title
               | of the currently focused window? In X this is easy and
               | the bash script will work with every DE. In Wayland you
               | have to write a different solution for each
               | compositor/DE.. Prove me wrong, please.
               | 
               | It shouldn't be hard, all I want to do is fuzzy match
               | window titles to named audio streams in pipewire, but _"
               | Oohh noo that's a security flaw!"_ say the patronizing
               | Wayland developers who care more about making their own
               | lives as developers simple than supporting basic desktop
               | functionality.
        
               | imtringued wrote:
               | > In X this is easy and the bash script will work with
               | every DE. In Wayland you have to write a different
               | solution for each compositor/DE.. Prove me wrong, please.
               | 
               | I don't know what you expect people to prove other than
               | that X and Wayland both have the same problem but since X
               | is so complicated there is only one implementation to
               | begin with, which makes it look like X has solved the
               | problem even though it suffers from exactly the same
               | problem.
        
               | mikkupikku wrote:
               | There are in fact multiple implementations of X and
               | xdotool works with all of them. Typical Wayland advocate,
               | doesn't know what the fuck he's talking about while
               | telling people to just ignore the problems they have with
               | Wayland, probaby because you don't even understand the
               | problem in the first place. Why did you even respond to
               | me? To insult me? To waste my time?
        
               | yjftsjthsd-h wrote:
               | > There are in fact multiple implementations of X and
               | xdotool works with all of them
               | 
               | Are there non-Xorg X servers for Linux that are usable?
               | Asking because I'd like to try them if they exist
        
               | saint_yossarian wrote:
               | > all I want to do is fuzzy match window titles to named
               | audio streams in pipewire,
               | 
               | > basic desktop functionality
               | 
               | I feel your pain, but find your idea of "basic"
               | functionality amusing.
               | 
               | That said, `pw-dump` / `pactl` will give you client
               | names, which often match the window titles.
        
               | mikkupikku wrote:
               | I know how to get the audio stream names, the problem is
               | the window titles. With X it's easy, just call xdotool.
               | I'm sure it's probably easy enough on Windows and MacOS
               | too. Wayland is the weird one for making focused window
               | titles privileged information.
               | 
               | Anyway, I do think I've created what should be considered
               | basic desktop functionality here, a simple hotkey that
               | mutes or otherwise changes the volume only of the focused
               | window. Every desktop should have it.
               | 
               | This is just one of the tools I've made for myself with X
               | which I do not want to do without and this makes Wayland
               | a non-option for me. If I can't use X and can't replicate
               | things like this with Wayland, then maybe I should switch
               | to MacOS at that point because the dream of controlling
               | my own computer seems like it's dying anyway.
        
               | KerrAvon wrote:
               | Wayland is approximately correct in this case and Windows
               | and Mac are behind the security curve for bincompat
               | reasons; window titles certainly leak PII. There should
               | be a way to do it, but it is sensitive information.
        
               | wpm wrote:
               | Is there any documented attack on macOS or Windows that
               | utilized window title information?
        
               | torginus wrote:
               | Afaik Xorg is 'only' like ~500k lines of code, which is
               | not huge by the standards of large porjects. In fact, one
               | of the major counter arguments against Wayland, is that
               | the compositor + a few core libs, like wlroots necessary
               | to provide a similar set of functionalities, is already
               | larger that the equivalent X11 code (which has a ton of
               | unused cruft).
        
               | gf000 wrote:
               | > like wlroots necessary to provide a similar set of
               | functionalities, is already larger that the equivalent
               | X11 code
               | 
               | I absolutely don't buy this.
        
               | mathstuf wrote:
               | Look into river. It has the window management and
               | keybindings able to be offered by other tools (I have an
               | idea to implement one using XMonad's layouts).
               | 
               | It also vastly improved battery on my Dell Pro laptop.
               | 58% battery used in 7h45m (light compilation day, but no
               | suspend).
        
               | mikkupikku wrote:
               | That sounds cool, but TBQH the last thing I want to do is
               | make myself dependent on some obscure piece of tech I've
               | only heard of once before (just now.) My plan is to keep
               | running X as long as I can manage to make it run. If
               | river finds traction and is well known to me in 10 years
               | then I'll consider it then.
               | 
               | This is one of my big problems with Wayland; the
               | fragmentation of Wayland imposes an unacceptable cost to
               | picking the wrong DE, whereas with X all my tools for X
               | still work regardless of my DE.
        
               | vidarh wrote:
               | I don't have any interest in river. I have my own wm that
               | does exactly what I want, so why would I switch?
               | 
               | Wayland doesn't solve _any_ problems I have, and would
               | create new ones, such as having to adapt to new tools or
               | write my own compositor.
               | 
               | Battery life just isn't a relevant consideration for me.
        
               | wincy wrote:
               | I remember Wayland scared me off of Linux when I tried to
               | switch to Ubuntu a few years ago. I couldn't watch a
               | movie without jiggling my mouse every few minutes. At the
               | time I feel like it was like "yeah that feature doesn't
               | exist yet" or something. So I switched back to Windows.
               | It looks like there's workarounds now but I've mostly
               | switch to my fantastic M1 MacBook Air at this point.
        
               | QuercusMax wrote:
               | Wayland still doesn't support screensavers last I
               | checked, which is wild to me. Truly bizarre that such
               | longstanding feature is just absent.
        
               | jml7c5 wrote:
               | It's a matter of designing and proprosing a protocol for
               | it. X11's screensaver support was also a protocol
               | extension.
               | 
               | There probably hasn't been much interest in it because
               | screens can easily be powered off remotely, which was not
               | the case in 1992.
        
             | Qwertious wrote:
             | Wayland made writing WMs needlessly hard, and the benefits
             | of Wayland were frankly _not real_ - most of the reasons
             | given in 2011 were patched in to X11 later. All the Wayland
             | rewrite got us was a situation where Wayland is both
             | bleeding-edge and obsolete simultaneously. Say what you
             | like about X11, but by the time people unironically pushed
             | for mass Wayland adoption, X11 was _stable_ and boringly
             | so.
             | 
             | The future of WMs is, IMO, Arcan - https://arcan-fe.com/ -
             | but that's an ambitious project and I don't blame the main
             | developer for deliberately going out of his way to avoid
             | advertising it before it's ready. In the meanwhile, Wayland
             | and X11 both more-or-less work with the occasional major
             | pain in the ass.
        
               | bigyabai wrote:
               | IMO, if you have to rewrite a display server
               | implementation then you're already proving all the
               | protocol advocates right.
        
               | shevy-java wrote:
               | Why? People complain that the YAML specification/protocol
               | is too complex. This may be, but I found using YAML much,
               | much easier and nicer than XML. So to me these two things
               | are not necessarily interconnected. You can have a great
               | implementation and a crappy protocol; but also a great
               | protocol and a crappy implementation.
        
               | sho_hn wrote:
               | > "most of the reasons given in 2011 were patched in to
               | X11 later"
               | 
               | This definitely doesn't match my memory, and I was there
               | :) Most of the good reasons remain unavailable in X11 to
               | this day.
               | 
               | There definitely were some attempts to advance X11 that
               | post-date Wayland, most notably the proposals by Keith
               | Packard, but they never got much traction.
        
               | shevy-java wrote:
               | > This definitely doesn't match my memory, and I was
               | there :) Most of the good reasons remain unavailable in
               | X11 to this day.
               | 
               | You two here don't mention any of the reasons. It is hard
               | to discuss this when there are no specifics, so what was
               | needed, and what was not added?
        
               | yepguy wrote:
               | The 3 justifications I remember for Wayland were security
               | (isolating windows from each other), multi DPI, and
               | eliminating tearing. All are now features of XLibre.
        
               | sho_hn wrote:
               | This is all playing a bit fast and loose with the
               | details.
               | 
               | The "isolating windows from each other" stuff in Xlibre
               | for example is the Xnamespace extension, which requires a
               | static config file up front and lets X clients within the
               | namespace interact as before. This may have some utility
               | for specific scenarios (dunno, kiosks maybe?), but is
               | nothing like Wayland's default security model.
               | 
               | Similarly, enabling TearTree in the modesetting driver
               | and having another backbuffer in the driver is a huge
               | crutch vs. having a proper architecture where the
               | compositor can own presentation timing. For one it makes
               | adaptive sync/VRR a lot trickier.
               | 
               | These things are overall not equivalent.
        
               | uecker wrote:
               | It isn't clear why any of this would require a rewrite.
        
               | mathstuf wrote:
               | Per-display DPI settings. No snooping on input without
               | permission. Awareness of the lock screen (the compositor
               | can know that the lock screen is active and provide
               | alternate keybindings instead of having to configure the
               | lock application as well). Locking is not blocked by
               | context menus being open.
               | 
               | I ran XMonad for 15 years, but recently switched to river
               | and am loving it.
        
               | maxdamantus wrote:
               | > Per-display DPI settings
               | 
               | fwiw, Xorg already had this, since you can set the DPI
               | for each display through RandR/xrandr. In both X11 and
               | Wayland it's up to the toolkit to actually detect the
               | setting and rasterise accordingly.
               | 
               | Wayland actually went backwards in this respect by using
               | "integer scales" (eg, 1, 2, 3) instead of fine-grained
               | DPIs (eg, 96, 192, 288), so using a scale of 1.5 would
               | result in downscale blur (toolkit sees scale as 2, then
               | the compositor scales it down to 75%), whereas in Xorg
               | you could just set the DPI to 144, and the toolkit could
               | theoretically render at the correct resolution. As far as
               | I know Qt was the only toolkit to actually do this
               | automatically, but that's not X11's fault.
               | 
               | Wayland has at least since fixed this in the form of
               | "fractional scaling" [1], but here's [0] an old thread on
               | HN where I complained about it and provided screenshots
               | of the resulting blur.
               | 
               | [0] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=32021261
               | 
               | [1] Doing some quick searching it seems like this is
               | still unsupported in Gtk3/Gtk4, maybe planned for Gtk5?
               | Apparently Firefox has only just added support (December
               | 2025), 3 years after the fractional scaling protocol was
               | released. Seems ridiculous to me that Wayland failed to
               | get this right from the start.
        
               | gf000 wrote:
               | > As far as I know Qt was the only toolkit to actually do
               | this automatically, but that's not X11's fault.
               | 
               | Well if three independent programs have to coordinate to
               | make it work, then I would state that it do not support
               | it at all.
        
               | yxhuvud wrote:
               | You can have different dpi and refresh rate per monitor
               | in X, but you cannot do it while having a shared desktop
               | across them.
        
               | lproven wrote:
               | X11 can do it. It's Xinerama that can't.
               | 
               | These days Xinerama is the only mainstream tool for dual
               | head, but there used to be others. Nvidia Twinview was
               | one. I bought my first dual head box in 1996 with two
               | Matrox Millennium cards (although it mainly ran NT4) and
               | those cards later went into my dual Athlon XP machine.
               | That ran SUSE until Ubuntu came out.
               | 
               | Xinerama isn't a _sine qua non_. It 's just easy so it
               | became ubiquitous. Maybe it's time to replace it.
        
               | kelnos wrote:
               | You can do per-display DPI just fine on X11 (through
               | xrandr), it's just the major toolkits don't support it.
               | GTK, for example, reads a single global DPI value from
               | XSETTINGS; there's no reason why it has to be that way.
               | 
               | The annoying thing about the other things you mention is
               | that they honestly are not _that_ difficult to fix.
               | 
               | The X server can throw an error (or just silently ignore
               | it) when one client passes the window of another client
               | and button/key events in the mask to XSelectInput(). And
               | the Xinput2 bits that allow for receiving all key and
               | button events can be changed to only send events destined
               | for windows in the same client. There: input snooping is
               | fixed.
               | 
               | Lock screen awareness can be fixed with new
               | requests/events in the MIT-SCREEN-SCREENSAVER extension
               | (or, if that's fraught, a new extension) that allow an
               | app to create a "special" lock-screen window, which the X
               | server will always stack on top, and send all events to.
               | (That new functionality should probably allow for child
               | windows and popups for input methods as well.) This is
               | honestly not hard!
               | 
               | And yes, some applications will break when you do this.
               | But I cannot see how that's not significantly better than
               | creating an entirely new display protocol that everyone
               | has to port to.
               | 
               | There are other issues with X11, of course, mainly in the
               | graphics pipeline (e.g. the compositor should really be
               | in the X server), but it's hard to believe these things
               | couldn't be fixed. It feels like no one really _wanted_
               | to do that: building something new from scratch that (in
               | theory) didn 't have all of the mistakes of X11 would be
               | more fun, and more rewarding. And I get that, I really
               | do. But Wayland has created _so_ much work, so many
               | thousands (tens of thousands? hundreds of thousands?
               | million+?) of developer-hours of work for people that
               | maybe could have been better spent.
               | 
               | So I think Phoenix is a great idea. It's basically
               | "X12"[0]: removing the old cruft and making breaking
               | changes to fix otherwise-unfixable problems. I imagine
               | most modern, toolkit-using X11 applications would work
               | just fine with it, without modification. Some -- perhaps
               | many -- won't... _but that 's ok_. Run a nested, rootless
               | X11 server inside "X12" if they can't be fixed, or until
               | they're fixed.
               | 
               | [0] Yes, I know that an X12-type thing was considered and
               | rejected (https://www.x.org/wiki/Development/X12/), but I
               | still think it's a better idea, after a decade and a half
               | of Wayland still not being able to support everything we
               | need to port Xfce's components and maintain all of their
               | features.
        
               | eptcyka wrote:
               | If the issues are trivially resolved, why did the authors
               | of X decided to abandon X? If the issues could be
               | resolved, why were they not resolved? I am using wayland
               | for more than 5 years now, it just works. X did not.
               | Xscreensaver/lock screens on Qubes are still broken.
               | 
               | What features is Wayland the protocol missing to allow
               | supporting Xfce?
        
               | coryrc wrote:
               | > If the issues are trivially resolved, why did the
               | authors of X decided to abandon X?
               | 
               | They convinced their employers Wayland would be better?
               | 
               | > Xscreensaver/lock screens on Qubes are still broken.
               | 
               | Most people aren't nation-state-level targets and don't
               | worry about security to that degree. But they do like
               | global hotkeys.
        
               | oddmiral wrote:
               | Even when you are national-state-level target, there are
               | easier ways to grab the screen.
               | 
               | For local state, it's easier to just install a wireless
               | camera and watch your screen from behind: it leaves no
               | trace on your computer (you may spot it wireless
               | connection, if you lucky). Moreover, they are more
               | interested in your communication devices (your
               | smartphone) than in your desktop.
               | 
               | Foreign states may exploit your notebook builtin "anti-
               | theft" system, Intel Management Engine ("intel" is very
               | good name for a CPU ;-), bugs in NVidia firmware (fonts,
               | OpenGL, etc), bugs in hardware (create a second display
               | to mirror image from primary display to, even when
               | physical display is not attached, for example), etc.
               | 
               | However, I saw that my Firefox window was spied by
               | Chromium window few years ago (I recorded it on Youtube),
               | so this problem in X11 is real.
        
               | uecker wrote:
               | I am not sure what you saw, but on regular Linux
               | processes of the user can spy on each other anyway. In
               | any case, X had the concept of untrusted clients
               | basically forever but nobody cared to invest even the
               | small amount of work necessary to make it work well
               | because nobody thought it would make a different. That
               | this was later used as a major argument against X
               | convinced me that this is not at all about technology.
        
               | eptcyka wrote:
               | Yeah, but with how we're moving towards running each
               | (desktop) application in its own cgroup, thus restricting
               | what syscalls any given application can do, soon any old
               | user process will no longer be able to read any other
               | process's memory. I don't believe that the argument about
               | how we need not patch a hole because another one exists
               | right besides it is sound.
        
               | uecker wrote:
               | I agree. My point was only that this hole can easily be
               | patched in X as well. So the argument was essentially "we
               | do not bother to patch it with X, so we must rewrite X".
        
               | eptcyka wrote:
               | It was my understanding that changing the original
               | codebase to fix it would've been involved enough as to
               | warrant a rewrite.
        
               | gf000 wrote:
               | What employers?
               | 
               | Also, this level of security is wanted even on a "I don't
               | want my sister to look at my stuff" level, no need to go
               | nation-state level.
        
               | coryrc wrote:
               | Kristian Hogsberg, for example, was a Red Hat employee.
               | Then he worked at Intel, where it appears he continued
               | work on Wayland? So Red Hat and Intel at least? People
               | are being paid full-time to work on Wayland, so those
               | companies.
        
               | eptcyka wrote:
               | I care about being able to use the same password between
               | the display manager, tty and lock screen auth. Yet, I
               | cannot.
               | 
               | I think the original maintainers and developers of Xorg
               | would be the best people to choose if it is worthwhile to
               | continue working around X or do something else. Yes, X
               | provided functionality that now WMs get to implement
               | themselves - since the developers of Xorg worked closer
               | to Gnome and Qt people, and Gnome and Qt people were OK
               | with this, this didn't feel like a horrible trade off.
               | And given the diversity of Wayland window managers today,
               | I don't think it mattered all too much.
        
               | coryrc wrote:
               | What? My screensaver password is the same as my login.
               | 
               | > I think the original maintainers and developers of Xorg
               | would be the best people to choose if it is worthwhile to
               | continue working around X or do something else.
               | 
               | "I think the owners of the Internet infrastructure would
               | be the best people to choose what websites I'm allowed to
               | visit"
               | 
               | No, the users have spoken and continue to speak up that
               | Wayland doesn't serve their use cases.
        
               | cycomanic wrote:
               | By now I am not sure if these posts can stil be given the
               | benefit of the doubt or are just dishonest. Who were the
               | developers pushing wayland because of their employers?
               | Kristian Hogsberg (who was a significant xorg developer,
               | because people always deny that wayland was written by
               | xorg guys) originally developed wayland in his free time,
               | it then became a freedesktop project (I would argue not a
               | group run by corporates).
               | 
               | The most active implementation (particularly in the early
               | days) is probably wlroots, started by Drew deVault (again
               | in his free time), who is often quite vocal against
               | corporate control.
               | 
               | In fact the large desktop environments, which are much
               | more under "corporate control", were comparitavely slow
               | to adapt wayland IIRC.
               | 
               | So instead of repeating this accusation, maybe actually
               | give some evidence?
        
               | coryrc wrote:
               | I didn't think my explanation implied how you interpreted
               | it.
               | 
               | I thought everybody knew Wayland was started by some
               | people working on Xorg already; I did not mean to imply
               | otherwise. Many or all were paid for their work. They
               | believed Wayland was a better approach, and, AFAIK, at
               | some point switched to be paid full-time to work on
               | Wayland instead of X. Which, sounds a lot like they
               | convinced their employer (or a new employer) to pay them
               | to work on Wayland instead of X. Do you believe this is a
               | fair summary of the situation?
        
               | cycomanic wrote:
               | > I didn't think my explanation implied how you
               | interpreted it. > > I thought everybody knew Wayland was
               | started by some people working on Xorg already; I did not
               | mean to imply otherwise. Many or all were paid for their
               | work. They believed Wayland was a better approach, and,
               | AFAIK, at some point switched to be paid full-time to
               | work on Wayland instead of X. Which, sounds a lot like
               | they convinced their employer (or a new employer) to pay
               | them to work on Wayland instead of X. Do you believe this
               | is a fair summary of the situation?
               | 
               | Sorry for my combatitive before. I definitely interpreted
               | your previous post differently and I think your
               | clarification is a fairer assessment of the situation. I
               | would still argue that the majority of people
               | implementing the wayland protocol are not paid by their
               | employers to do so (this might now have changed a bit
               | with smithay, which is sponsored by system76 I believe).
        
               | Izkata wrote:
               | > It feels like no one really wanted to do that: building
               | something new from scratch that (in theory) didn't have
               | all of the mistakes of X11 would be more fun, and more
               | rewarding.
               | 
               | My understanding from the outside is that this didn't
               | happen, that Wayland is a spec without a reference
               | implementation - that they didn't actually build anything
               | and are leaving the difficult part up to everyone else.
        
               | torginus wrote:
               | >You can do per-display DPI just fine on X11 (through
               | xrandr), it's just the major toolkits don't support it.
               | GTK, for example, reads a single global DPI value from
               | XSETTINGS; there's no reason why it has to be that way.
               | 
               | I remember people complaining about the GTK file picker
               | not having a preview for more than a decade, and at some
               | point it sort of became a meme.
               | 
               | When it finally got added, the PR was like a 2-300 lines.
        
               | forgotpwd16 wrote:
               | And was added after they rewrote everything for the new
               | GTK version when there're functional patches adding
               | thumbnails to previous versions. (Which were
               | rejected/ignored because _they didn 't feel good_.) A
               | situational very in parallel to Xorg/Wayland if consider:
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=46382940.
        
               | TingPing wrote:
               | Does it really have to be said that a PR is built upon
               | previous work. It was not a 400 line delta for the whole
               | feature.
        
               | Zardoz84 wrote:
               | HDR something that can't be brought to X11 without
               | breaking backwards compatibility.
        
               | Zardoz84 wrote:
               | https://github.com/reaperx7/HDR10-X11
        
               | jherskovic wrote:
               | First line of the readme: Non-functional implementation
               | work-in-progress framework code for getting HDR10 working
               | under X11.
        
               | PunchyHamster wrote:
               | At around that time X.org worked entirely fine for me,
               | sans some NVIDIA driver config I had to set up in /etc
               | 
               | few years after even that wasn't required.
               | 
               | Yeah it missed some features I could theoretically use in
               | 2025 but I didn't had different DPI/refresh rate displays
               | back then and those could probably be put into X11
               | protocol just fine
        
               | seanw444 wrote:
               | First time I've heard of Arcan. Sounds intriguing.
        
               | PunchyHamster wrote:
               | I think the problem is that people wanting to build that
               | and being in position to (being paid for by their
               | employer), are fed up with X11.
               | 
               | It learned no lessons from X11. It made most things
               | harder to write and pushed more things that really
               | _every_ WM needs and doesn 't care much to implement
               | differently to WMs making them harder.
               | 
               | For example, stuff like "WM need to manage raw inputs, so
               | they can have more power over them" is cute on paper but
               | in reality most of them don't _want_ to because there is
               | no benefit to reinventing that part. Sure, that part in
               | X11 could be better, maybe it should have better
               | interface for WMs to configure common options in common
               | way without getting into input-driver-specific options,
               | but that just required rework of the idea, not throwing
               | it into the bin and replacing with near entirely worse
               | framework that wastes everyone time.
        
               | mikkupikku wrote:
               | > _I think the problem is that people wanting to build
               | that and being in position to (being paid for by their
               | employer), are fed up with X11._
               | 
               | I think one of the intrinsic problems with relying on
               | developers being paid by their employers is they can
               | easily become personally disinvested from the thing
               | they're maintaining; they get paid well, the day-to-day
               | grind gets stale, they get interests and hobbies other
               | than computing but keep working on the thing because it's
               | their job. Eventually they find that just buying a Mac is
               | an easier lifestyle at home, and gradually maintaining X
               | transforms from something they do out of passion for the
               | project into something which is just a job. So they look
               | for ways to make their job easier, hit on the classic _"
               | instead of maintaining old thing it'll be more fun to
               | make our own"_, and because they are now untethered from
               | the needs of real users they only need to make sure the
               | new thing supports the bare minimum to keep their
               | employer happy. They no longer care how real users feel,
               | any use case that isn't required in the checklists
               | approved by management get deliberately abandoned. So we
               | end up with Wayland lacking common sense desktop features
               | in demand by users for years because it's simply not
               | convienent for the developers who are now dispassionate
               | 9-5ers.
               | 
               | I prefer to take my chances with enthusiasts keeping X
               | working on shoestring budgets. Maybe a few more years of
               | development of coding models will make ongoing
               | maintenance easier going forward and I'll never have to
               | switch. I'm willing to make that bet. If it turns out
               | that in 5 years I am forced to switch, at least by then
               | Wayland will be five years more mature, and maybe my
               | cynicism will even be proven wrong by then and Wayland
               | will be good by then (but I'm not holding my breath for
               | that.) Anyway, I have nothing to lose by using X as long
               | as humanly possible.
        
               | badsectoracula wrote:
               | Replace "X" with anything and this is why i generally try
               | to avoid relying on open source projects where the
               | majority of the development is driven by some company if
               | there is an alternative, even if they're jankier (and
               | often they are).
               | 
               | One example would be Free Pascal and Lazarus, while there
               | is some commercial support, the overwhelming majority of
               | the development is community-driven and ironically both
               | have a much better history of preserving backwards
               | compatibility than most open source projects backed by
               | larger companies.
               | 
               | Of course exceptions exist for both situations, but as a
               | general rule i find if some project makes a big deal
               | about the company behind them (or even worse, there is a
               | company with the same name as the project) then i tend to
               | look for more community-driven alternatives.
        
               | uecker wrote:
               | Yes, but I think in the case of Wayland also management
               | had other priorities, i.e. GUI for mobile and/or
               | entertainment systems.
               | 
               | But this is all ok, I think the main problem is that
               | somehow too many in Linux community did not see that the
               | technical arguments for Wayland were not actually too
               | convincing and that giving up decades of compatibility
               | across UNIX systems and beyond is a mistake.
        
               | imtringued wrote:
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=46382947
               | 
               | Read this including my response.
               | 
               | A lot of X features are actually Xorg features and they
               | only work because there is a single implementation that
               | everyone tried to integrate with.
               | 
               | Turns out the moment there are two implementations, which
               | is hard on X and easy on Wayland, you can no longer rely
               | on targeting a single implementation for direct
               | integration anymore.
               | 
               | This means a lot of non-X but Xorg features need a
               | protocol extension in Wayland, because things are being
               | standardized that previously were exclusive to Xorg.
        
               | ptx wrote:
               | Are you saying that you can't get the title of the active
               | window in X11 without using some features specific to the
               | X.Org implementation?
               | 
               | It looks like the core X11 protocol spec [1] defines all
               | that's needed, specifically the GetInputFocus, QueryTree
               | and GetProperty messages. You might also want some things
               | from the EWMH spec [2] (e.g. _NET_WM_NAME for UTF-8 or
               | _NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE to identify top-level application
               | windows) but none of this seems like an implementation-
               | specific X.Org feature.
               | 
               | [1] https://x.org/releases/X11R7.7/doc/xproto/x11protocol
               | .html
               | 
               | [2] https://specifications.freedesktop.org/wm/latest/
        
               | torginus wrote:
               | Tech is full of examples of 'successor' technologies,
               | that were aiming to provide a clean rewrite without
               | legacy, which then got bogged down with supporting a
               | bunch of corner cases and accumulated their own share of
               | cruft and could be no longer be considered a cleaner
               | alternative. All the while the majority of the userbase
               | being stuck on the old platform because the new one is
               | buggy and doesn't offer anything tangibly better.
               | 
               | Vulkan, various node replacements come to mind.
               | 
               | Wayland at this point has existed almost as long as X11,
               | longer if you only count the Linux years, yet its still
               | not quite there.
        
               | samiv wrote:
               | Wayland and its various implementations like KDE plasma
               | are 90% ready. Now they just need the other 90% to move
               | from alpha to _product_. I expect it 'll take another
               | decade or two.
        
               | extropy wrote:
               | Thanks for linking Arcan, looks interesting.
               | 
               | After a quick scan, Arcan seems to be pushing a
               | microkernel approach, with some clients providing display
               | server capabilities and others talking to them via shared
               | memory. This will have the same problem as all other
               | microkernels - nice for research, but the extra
               | completely outweights the marginal benefits over a
               | monolithic thing that generally has a smaller API surface
               | to maintain.
        
               | denkmoon wrote:
               | Let me know when X11 handles fractional scaling across
               | mixed dpi and refresh rate monitors, with HDR and VRR. To
               | me, who has finally been able to drop Windows for gaming
               | in the last 3 months, the benefits of wayland are very
               | real.
        
               | badsectoracula wrote:
               | Technically Xorg can handle fractional scaling across
               | mixed dpi and refresh rate monitors, but it requires
               | support from toolkits, window managers and applications
               | which means the developers of all of those (or at least
               | toolkits and window managers) need to cooperate. At
               | minimum, you need toolkit support for the most basic.
               | AFAIK Qt6 does have this support and should be able to
               | handle fractional scaling across mixed DPI monitors but
               | not in an ideal way since for better experience you'd
               | need the app/toolkit cooperating with the window manager
               | instead of the toolkit trying to do everything on its own
               | without knowledge of the rest of the desktop. I wrote
               | about it in detail here[0] but the gist is that it is
               | largely an issue of getting the developers of various
               | projects to cooperate than some feature Xorg itself lacks
               | (it doesn't). Wayland had it easier here because it
               | started from scratch and developers had to worry about
               | those things for supporting it. On a more positive note,
               | because of Wayland (and Win32, if a toolkit support
               | scaling there) the the hard part of the work on the
               | toolkit side should already be there.
               | 
               | For VRR the issue is how current desktop compositors
               | render their output, though it should be technically
               | possible to make a Xorg desktop compositor to use
               | separate outputs for each monitor (may need to use Vulkan
               | with custom barriers for vsync though, this is something
               | i've only ). The alternative is to not use a desktop
               | compositor at all, which is what i'm doing (since i also
               | dislike the desktop lag introduced by desktop
               | compositors). I have a 165Hz VRR monitor that i used it
               | for a bit (even connected a separate 60Hz monitor for a
               | bit) and worked fine, though eventually i disabled the
               | VRR functionality since at 165Hz tearing is almost
               | imperceptible (and it never bothered me even on 60Hz
               | monitors anyway) while my monitor is one of those that
               | have some annoying flickering with VRR enabled. In any
               | case, the issue is with the setup and desktop compositor
               | used, not with Xorg itself.
               | 
               | Of course from a user's perspective all these most likely
               | do not make much of a difference.
               | 
               | For HDR there is no support for it Xorg though.
               | Personally, the main use for HDR would be either some
               | movie or playing a game, i.e. fullscreen apps, and
               | switching to another virtual terminal running a Wayland
               | compositor (or just Gamescope) just for those is
               | perfectly fine - having to press ctrl+alt+f1/f2 instead
               | of alt+tab is not a deal big enough to change the entire
               | desktop setup i've been using for many years :-P.
               | 
               | [0] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=45858043
        
               | KerrAvon wrote:
               | HDR support is still a mess with Wayland. Sometimes you
               | can fix it with gamescope but it's a swiss cheese thing
               | where for example gamescope breaks some controllers in
               | some games with some GPU drivers. Maybe in a couple more
               | years it'll be "it just works" territory but it's taking
               | a while to get there.
        
             | PunchyHamster wrote:
             | From my perspective X just got to the point where it just
             | works for me few years ago and Wayland is just introducing
             | more issues than it solves (to be clear it solves no
             | current issue for me, only one that I think might be better
             | for me is handling different refresh rate displays and
             | _maybe_ fractional scaling... and that could probably be
             | done within X11)
             | 
             | Like, why simple "copy the screen" got suddenly so
             | complicated? Why every WM suddenly needs a bunch of
             | features that before were just handled by display server,
             | where they belong ? Why some(most) WMs handle title bars
             | but GNOME doesn't ? Why someone decided title bar
             | management is optional to window manager ?
             | 
             | X11 might need to go but Wayland have learned no lessons
             | from it. It's just knee-jerk "if X11 done it this way,
             | let's do it differently"
        
               | extropy wrote:
               | Wayland design choices are heavily influenced by
               | automotive and TV where it has been industry standard way
               | before it became mostly usable as a desktop. And that has
               | lead to design compromises that look odd on desktop.
               | 
               | But hey, you can probably run automotive UIs with your
               | desktop compositor.
               | 
               | And Gnome devs are just being silly at this point.
        
               | sho_hn wrote:
               | This car runs KDE Plasma's KWin, along with many other
               | Mercedes-Benz models currently launching:
               | 
               | https://youtu.be/wo5As8et1G8
               | 
               | https://youtu.be/pqJ-9SUPFwY
               | 
               | Notably this deployment doesn't use any of the old-gen
               | automotive Wayland cruft like ivi-shell though. It's
               | pretty much the desktop stack now.
        
               | Telemakhos wrote:
               | I miss the 1990s Benz 190E I used to drive: the only
               | electronics in sight were the tape deck/radio. Even the
               | door locks ran off a vacuum system.
               | 
               | I will never buy a car that runs an X-windows server.
        
               | sho_hn wrote:
               | It's a Wayland compositor, not an X-windows server!
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | and even if it wasn't Wayland, it would be an X Window
               | server.
        
               | coliveira wrote:
               | Whatever the issues with X11, it was properly designed.
               | Wayland is the kind of software that adds features with
               | nobody looking at the consequences. Who knows what they
               | will break next version.
        
               | sho_hn wrote:
               | From all the criticisms leveled at Wayland, this is
               | definitely the strangest I've ever heard.
               | 
               | I really cannot thing of any existing functionality ever
               | broken by a new release of wayland-protocols, neither by
               | a plain bug nor by a bad interaction. No doubt someone
               | else will be able to recall an example, but it's really
               | not a common thing.
               | 
               | This is partially because the governance model and
               | community mindset is the opposite of what you describe.
               | Inclusion of new protocols in the stable release requires
               | existing, proven implementations and consensus across
               | multiple implementors, making it a high bar. New
               | proposals run a gauntlet where pretty much everyone is
               | looking at the consequences in detail.
               | 
               | In fact a more common criticism of Wayland is that the
               | focus on high quality and the consensus requirement are
               | too strict and have slowed down filling in feature gaps
               | users need filled faster. This argument I think can be
               | successfully defended against - mainly, that it helps
               | avoid the mess X11 became over time -, but at least has
               | some basic merit in reality and is an avatar for genuine
               | user pain.
               | 
               | As for X11, as someone who had to implement a lot of X11
               | specs over the years, I can tell you that their
               | provenance between X11 itself as well as ICCCM and EMWH
               | had plenty of super dumb ideas and cruft and
               | inconsistencies from lack of foresight and eventually
               | datedness. You don't want to see the towering stack of
               | hacks and heuristics we used to have to ship to make X11
               | behave somewhat consistently and sane :)
               | 
               | In short, with all due respect, but I think you really
               | don't know what you're talking about. We really should
               | resist this type of narrative reality distortion field on
               | an engineering forum.
        
               | ChocolateGod wrote:
               | > making it a high bar
               | 
               | That high bar is GNOME having an uppity whenever a
               | Wayland protocol is suggested they don't like, that even
               | if is accepted, if Mutter doesn't implement it then its
               | dead in the water given its the de facto default
               | compositor on unfortunately what people consider "Linux",
               | aka Ubuntu.
               | 
               | e.g. DRM leases that only got changed because Valve has
               | the bigger underwear. Expecting games to implement DBUS
               | (incl. when running under Wine) to access VR headsets
               | just for GNOME is nuts.
               | 
               | The government model needs a change that stakeholders who
               | ship devices to the end users that rely on them have more
               | of a say, whether that's Google, Valve etc. Valve is now
               | backing and pushing KDE into average joe end users is a
               | telling.
        
           | superkuh wrote:
           | The people who absolutely have to have X11 like myself
           | usually have reasons. It sounds like currently a lot of those
           | reasons for using X11 would prevent using this X server. Like
           | reliable non-fragmented and widely supported screenreader
           | protocol. Or the ability to do keyboard and mouse sharing.
           | 
           | >Applications will be isolated from each other by default and
           | can only interact with other applications either through a
           | GUI prompt asking for permission, such as with screen
           | recorders, where it will only be allowed to record the window
           | specified or by explicitly giving the application permission
           | before launched (such as a window manager or external
           | compositor).
        
             | nixosbestos wrote:
             | Accessibility? Sure. Everything else? Nah, I'm sorry. There
             | are countless ways to do remoting with Wayland. There are
             | countless ways to do kb+mouse sharing.
        
               | superkuh wrote:
               | >There are countless ways to do kb+mouse sharing.
               | 
               | You realize that's worse, right? And to be clearer: core
               | Wayland protocol does _not_ have countless ways. It has
               | zero.
               | 
               | Instead of a single protocol with the strong X11
               | reference X server the wayland compositors pick and
               | choose between libinput, or libei, or libportal with the
               | InputCapture PR, xdg-desktop-portal with the InputCapture
               | interface, some I've probably missed, or maybe you have
               | nothing at all (weston). It's a gamble if your choice of
               | desktop environment and it's wayland compositor's non-
               | core wayland protocols will match up with those the
               | developer for $software chose. On X11 linux everything
               | that works somewhere works everywhere. With the various
               | waylands if you stay within your desktop's ecosystem
               | you'll probably not notice, but go beyond it and you
               | will.
               | 
               | Each wayland desktop pretty much runs it's own compositor
               | with it's own set of third party libs because the wayland
               | core protocol spec is very minimal. I would say
               | incomplete. ref: https://wayland.app/protocols/
        
               | imtringued wrote:
               | The point of the protocol spec being minimal is that it
               | enables a wide variety of implementations, something it
               | definitely succeeded at.
               | 
               | I still don't know how people twist this obvious success
               | into a failure.
        
               | LeFantome wrote:
               | Xorg fans reverse all the normal Open Source logic.
               | 
               | Imagine we were talking about web browsers...
               | 
               | There should only be one! No security makes all my
               | extensions work!
        
               | XorNot wrote:
               | Imagine if web browsers all had mutually incompatible DOM
               | implementations for basic functionalities.
               | 
               | That's the situation with Wayland that people are
               | complaining about. I don't need innovation in keyboard
               | and mouse sharing, I need it to work.
        
               | superkuh wrote:
               | Uh... lived experience? Try getting keyboard and mouse
               | sharing working across all the waylands with the same
               | software. Not having most of the features in the standard
               | implementation leads to fragmentation which apparently
               | you haven't run into with your use cases yet.
        
               | MrDrMcCoy wrote:
               | I love Wayland a lot, but as far as I can tell the
               | available remoting solutions still cannot enable a
               | headless LXC container to serve a KDE Plasma Wayland
               | desktop. I spent the last couple days trying to cobble
               | some solution together for it and failed miserably. If
               | you know a way, I would be most grateful :-)
        
               | LeFantome wrote:
               | Me too!
        
               | lelanthran wrote:
               | > There are countless ways to do kb+mouse sharing.
               | 
               | Wait, what? I tried this last year. I didn't find any way
               | to do this that _wasn 't_ dependent on the WM.
        
           | reactordev wrote:
           | My rpi dashboards are gonna love it
        
             | c-hendricks wrote:
             | Anything special about Raspberry Pi's that require X11?
             | Raspberry Pi OS defaults to Wayland nowadays, and there's
             | specific kiosk Wayland compositors like Cage
             | (https://github.com/cage-kiosk/cage).
             | 
             | Tho admittedly kiosk-wm (https://github.com/JOT85/kiosk-wm)
             | is much more succinct.
        
               | PunchyHamster wrote:
               | less RAM and power usage
        
               | reactordev wrote:
               | I write dashboards using X11/OpenGL for displaying otel
               | metrics.
               | 
               | GLFW for my window library.
               | 
               | Wayland is overkill.
               | 
               | I would go straight /dev/fb if it meant I could also
               | antialias and make it pretty and didn't need a cursor.
        
           | GaryBluto wrote:
           | People who want to use X11 are likely to be the same people
           | using older software and hardware, which this doesn't
           | support.
        
             | vidarh wrote:
             | I don't use any old hardware, and I have argued for a new X
             | server following almost exactly the steps this project
             | outlines.
        
               | nixosbestos wrote:
               | Good news. The devs of x11 agree and made a replacement
               | called... Way... Oops
        
               | vidarh wrote:
               | Yeah, no, the X11 devs made pretty much all the wrong
               | tradeoffs for me.
        
               | bigyabai wrote:
               | I wonder why Valve disagrees.
        
               | yjftsjthsd-h wrote:
               | Valve ships a Wayland compositor that just runs XWayland
               | for apps and doesn't even expose the Wayland socket by
               | default. I'm really not sure how we're supposed to count
               | that.
        
               | mikkupikku wrote:
               | Valve being eminently pragmatic, as usual.
        
               | vidarh wrote:
               | Presumably Valve cares about different things than me.
               | 
               | I wonder why you think what Valve does has any relevance
               | to my experience or priorities.
        
               | Qwertious wrote:
               | "The devs of x11" is a wide category, considering how
               | many X11 devs weren't even born when X11 was first
               | written. Plenty of X11 devs objected to Wayland and tried
               | to patch X11, but when half the devs decide they want to
               | write a replacement and put the original into
               | maintenance-mode, there's not much you can do.
        
               | bigyabai wrote:
               | > there's not much you can do.
               | 
               | You could fork it. X11 hasn't shipped a major release
               | since 2005, the likelihood of a complete overhaul making
               | it upstream was slim to none even in 2009. X11 developers
               | were better-off focusing on stability, and the Wayland
               | devs moved on. There was no conspiracy to kill either
               | project.
        
               | ablob wrote:
               | Forking a project when the issue is that half of the
               | staff left the project does nothing to alleviate the
               | staffing issue, does it?
        
               | pjmlp wrote:
               | Isn't that the greatness of FOSS over commercial software
               | that keeps being spoken about?
        
               | cycomanic wrote:
               | So what is it, in one comment you say there were plenty
               | of x11 devs who objected to wayland (please name and show
               | the posts) and on the other hand you say there were not
               | enough to keep an xorg fork going?
               | 
               | People are arguing that fixing the issues in X11 would
               | have been much easier and less work than making wayland.
               | So why could those half of x11 developers who left make
               | wayland while the other half that was left over could not
               | even make one release?
        
               | PunchyHamster wrote:
               | and failed to learn any lesson from X11
        
           | singpolyma3 wrote:
           | Long term if x11 starts having issues then probably
           | https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/wayback/wayback will be it
        
             | Izkata wrote:
             | > which allows for running full X11 desktop environments
             | using Wayland components
             | 
             | Wait so is this turning Wayland into a client/server model
             | like X11, where eventually it could support existing window
             | managers and other stuff separate from the compositor?
             | 
             | I remember a year or two ago wondering if that would ever
             | happen and I think I only got one reply saying it wouldn't
             | happen because it was unnecessary.
        
               | singpolyma3 wrote:
               | Yes basically. It's one full screen xwayland context you
               | run a normal x11 wm in
        
           | adastra22 wrote:
           | I'm not sure this satisfies X11 needs without remote display
           | capability.
        
           | shakna wrote:
           | Until Wayland actually has an accesibility story, X is really
           | the only choice. Don't think most grassroots projects will
           | have that.
        
             | torginus wrote:
             | Isn't accessibility outside of the scope of Wayland, whose
             | purpose is to composite application buffers, and deliver
             | input events?
             | 
             | Something like a screen reader needs to talk to an app and
             | query the toolkit for the contents of a window in a
             | semantic way - that's a toolkit feature not a compositor
             | one.
        
               | KetoManx64 wrote:
               | What does this matter for blind people who want to use
               | Linux? All that matters to them is that it's super
               | complicated and nobody wants to work with the tech to
               | make screen readers work on Wayland.
        
             | nialv7 wrote:
             | pretty sure at-spi is independent from the display server
        
           | themafia wrote:
           | Rewriting it from scratch is so very rarely a better plan
           | than improving what you already have.
        
           | snvzz wrote:
           | Long term? Perhaps, if successful. I am hopeful.
           | 
           | But, right now, XLibre[0] is available, ready for use and
           | very active.
           | 
           | 0. https://github.com/X11Libre/xserver
        
             | KetoManx64 wrote:
             | Just got a major release as well with tons of new
             | contributors and fixes/additions:
             | https://github.com/X11Libre/xserver/releases/tag/xlibre-
             | xser...
        
           | kiney wrote:
           | I WANT to use X11, its simply better than wayland
        
           | gf000 wrote:
           | Well there is XWayland then.
        
             | yjftsjthsd-h wrote:
             | Depends why you need it. XWayland is worthless for a11y.
        
               | gf000 wrote:
               | Arguably, there is no sane a11y on GNU/Linux anywhere.
               | 
               | iOS/Mac/Android is on completely other level.
        
               | yjftsjthsd-h wrote:
               | It's not a single thing. Trying to get a screen reader on
               | GNU/Linux is awful. Getting dwell click is easy on X11
               | and... _some_ Wayland implementations. Or if you like: It
               | was bad on X, and is worse on Wayland.
        
         | shevy-java wrote:
         | > by itself it looks like a fairly reasonable set of choices.
         | 
         | I have not tried this myself, so I can not speak from
         | experience, but if they have removed features that people used,
         | then they are in a similar situation as wayland. So I don't see
         | what the difference then would be. Perhaps your analysis was
         | also incomplete?
        
           | sho_hn wrote:
           | I consider Wayland's choices reasonable as well. I.e. I it's
           | not surprising that a reasonable attempt to clean up X ends
           | up looking similar to Wayland, just in a slightly different
           | place on the xy graph that has backwards compat and cleanup
           | as its axis.
        
           | imtringued wrote:
           | The thing is, X11/Xorg is a huge monolith. There is simply no
           | way to implement every single feature in one go and then
           | release the competing implementation.
           | 
           | The very thing that makes people biased towards X11/Xorg both
           | negatively and positively is that it is a huge monolith and
           | the only X implementation on Linux. The moment you have two
           | implementations, you're gonna get the same complaints against
           | the second X server as Wayland is receiving.
           | 
           | You think this is an indictment to the second implementation
           | and that they shouldn't bother by saying an "analysis was
           | incomplete" but in my opinion it's exactly backwards. This is
           | an argument that eternally perpetuates X11 not because of
           | technical capability but rather because it was there first.
           | 
           | After all, the moment there is any implementation that is
           | second it might miss a single feature that nobody actually
           | uses, but theoretically could be used when combining an old
           | binary with a new X implementation.
           | 
           | But this argument misses the obvious fact that X11/Xorg is
           | already dead since any code change will break existing
           | applications. Meaning X11 has become an unsalvageable fossil.
        
             | torginus wrote:
             | The Linux kernel is also a monolith yet has worked forever
             | without a rewrite.
             | 
             | I think there is a reasonably agreed on set of things that
             | can be removed from X, like server-side drawing primitives,
             | and GLX
        
               | creatonez wrote:
               | The Linux kernel was not born obsolete on arrival like
               | the X Window System was. At least, not fully obsolete.
               | 
               | It will be obsolete someday, anyways.
        
         | LeFantome wrote:
         | A lot of people would have preferred this to Wayland if it had
         | come much earlier.
         | 
         | If it also runs Wayland apps, many may prefer it actually.
        
           | criticalfault wrote:
           | wondering who those people are given that Wayland was done by
           | xorg devs
        
             | IshKebab wrote:
             | Users? Obviously xorg devs want to work on something that
             | isn't ancient and crufty. But users want something that
             | actually works and it has taken almost 2 decades to get to
             | that point.
             | 
             | Actually I _still_ have more issues on Wayland than X.
             | Although it is at least starting to swing in the other
             | direction - e.g. KDE 's screen recording feature doesn't
             | work on X. The button's still there but if you click it
             | nothing happens.
        
               | criticalfault wrote:
               | Most users have no idea what is behind. They don't want X
               | or anything X related, they want things to work. Most of
               | the things worked before 2020, including legacy things
               | through xwayland. Now all things work, except maybe
               | remote apps through ssh ootb, but for this you can either
               | use RDP or Waypipe.
               | 
               | The only thing maybe worth discussing is video
               | acceleration. this aside, I have been using gnome on
               | Wayland for years and no problems what-so-ever. I really
               | don't know what the fuss is about.
               | 
               | I would prefer that people start moving this legacy
               | nonsense behind and finally start accepting new and
               | better things and focusing on things that have future.
               | Same thing happened with systemd, it improves massively
               | everything Linux, yet some people just want their
               | services started with scripts.
               | 
               | What problems do you have when things don't work for you
               | on Wayland?
        
               | yjftsjthsd-h wrote:
               | Wayland:
               | 
               | * straight up doesn't work on at least one of my laptops
               | (driver problems AFAICT)
               | 
               | * does run on the other one, but crashes at an alarming
               | rate compared to Xorg
               | 
               | * breaks all of my accessibility tools (some have (worse)
               | replacements, some don't)
        
               | IshKebab wrote:
               | I don't know how you can read about the many experiences
               | people have with Wayland not working - even now, let
               | alone 2020 - and conclude that "all things work".
               | 
               | I think we are _finally_ at the point where you can say
               | _most_ things work and it 's silly to go back to X11, but
               | even so Wayland has clearly been a huge failure.
        
         | linuxhansl wrote:
         | Tangentially related... Is it just me, but is Wayland still
         | lagging behind X11? From things like window placement, night
         | light, etc. Things seem to work just out of the box in X11, and
         | there are always issues in Wayland.
         | 
         | (For me this is specifically on Fedora, and I always switch
         | back to X11 from Wayland.)
        
           | vladvasiliu wrote:
           | Well, isn't this compositor related? I've never had any
           | window placement issues running Sway (i3 for Wayland). I
           | never used night light on that machine, so I can't comment on
           | that particular point, but the thing seems to work just as
           | well as i3.
           | 
           | The only problem I have is with JetBrains IDEs, which seem to
           | have shaky support. They're usable (meaning you can code),
           | but the experience is so wonky that I basically consider they
           | don't support Wayland.
           | 
           | The reason I switched from i3/x11 is that we've got some 27"
           | 5k screens at work that are basically useless at 100%, and
           | Sway handles different scaling settings flawlessly (except
           | for IntelliJ, which seems lost).
        
             | mihular wrote:
             | Wayland intellij ide support is in the works, IDEs support
             | X11 out of the box, but you can enable Wayland support
             | explicitly (just search for it).
             | 
             | As per Windows placement, Firefox won't restore windows on
             | original positions supposedly because of Wayland, somebody
             | please correct me if I'm wrong.
        
               | yxhuvud wrote:
               | You are not wrong. But there is a new extension protocol
               | on the way (dunno if done, very probably not rolled out
               | if it is) that let programs solve this problem.
        
               | mihular wrote:
               | Uh, there are plenty of extensions. Session management
               | perhaps? In experimental state.
        
               | vladvasiliu wrote:
               | Intellij kinda supports Wayland, but it gets confused
               | when using scaling, at least when not all screens have
               | the same factor. It's not blurry or anything, but it's
               | slower, and the menus sometimes appear in random places.
               | 
               | When I only use a scaling factor of 1 on all the screens,
               | it's usable enough, although it still feels sluggish.
        
           | Rygian wrote:
           | Using kde on Wayland for a while now, on a Nvidia card
           | (debian trixie, just upgraded to forky a week ago), and i
           | can't relate to any of those issues. My only complaint is a
           | silly kernel module warning that pollutes my syslog.
        
           | gabrielgio wrote:
           | At this point it is just you.
           | 
           | I run two different distributions myself, I know a bunch o
           | people on even more different distributions, set of
           | configuration and based on empirical analysis I can assure
           | you that no one has problem with windows placement.
           | 
           | Out of the box I used have more problem with X11 (tearing and
           | font rendering being the most annoyingly common ones) than I
           | have with Wayland.
        
             | oblio wrote:
             | It's not just him, but for something else. HiDPI, Ubuntu
             | 24.04, try OnlyOffice or VMWare Workstation. Both don't
             | scale well. I assume other applications also don't scale
             | well. Had to use X. And the scaling isn't even fractional,
             | it's 2x.
        
         | bitwize wrote:
         | Funny, the other day I started writing an X server of my own.
         | While I appreciate and welcome this work, I still use and write
         | software that makes use of old X draw calls, which I intended
         | to incorporate into my server, unlike the author of this work.
         | So I'm glad to see my efforts have not been made largely
         | redundant!
        
       | ccakes wrote:
       | This is a great project! I like and use Wayland but the portal
       | protocols and extension mechanism does leave a lot to be desired.
       | Wayland is still quite a way behind Windows and macOS in terms of
       | what productivity users need
       | 
       | An X11 rewrite with some security baked in is an awesome
       | approach. Will be watching!
        
         | drpixie wrote:
         | I thought for a long time that rather than move to Wayland, we
         | could come up with a tidied-up version of X. Sounds like a good
         | and useful project, I hope it progresses.
        
           | reactordev wrote:
           | I thought this too and originally thought that's what Wayland
           | was going to do but it went off and did its own thing.
           | 
           | I'm all for an X12.
        
             | sho_hn wrote:
             | An X12 was briefly considered by the community before
             | adopting Wayland: https://www.x.org/wiki/Development/X12/
             | 
             | If you take the time to read through that (very partial)
             | list of cruft and footguns in X11 it probably makes it a
             | little easier to understand why a clean-slate approach was
             | able to attract momentum and why many hands-on involved
             | developers were relatively tired of X11. Critics would of
             | course respond that backwards compatibility is worth the
             | effort and rewrites are often the wrong call, etc. It's the
             | Python 2/3 debate and many others.
        
               | glzone1 wrote:
               | Python 3 was actively antagonistic to Python 2 code for
               | no reason other than to lecture us about how we were
               | doing things wrong, writing code to support 2 and 3 to
               | help transition was dumb etc etc.
               | 
               | For example, in python 2 you could explicitly mark
               | unicode text with u"...". That was actively BLOCKED with
               | python 3.0 which supposedly was about unicode support!
               | The irony was insane, they could of just no-oped the u"".
               | I got totally sick of the "expert" language designers
               | with no real world code shipping responsibilities
               | lecturing me. Every post about this stuff was met by
               | comments from pedantic idiots. So every string had to
               | have a helper function around it. Total and absolute
               | garbage. They still haven't explained to my satisifaction
               | why not support u"..." to allow a transition more easily
               | to 3.
               | 
               | Luckily sanity started prevailing around 3.5 and we
               | started to see a progression - whoever was behind this
               | should be thanked. The clueless unicode everything was
               | walked back and we got % for bytes so you could work with
               | network protocols again (where unicode would be STUPID to
               | force given the installed base). We got u"" back.
               | 
               | By 3.6 we got back to reasonable path handling on windows
               | and the 3 benefits started to come without antagonistic
               | approaches / regressions from 2. But that was about 8
               | years? So that burnt a lot of the initial excitement.
        
               | reactordev wrote:
               | There's a reason they're called _Pythonistas_
               | 
               | It's always drama and they're the center of it.
               | 
               | (I'm joking of course, Merry Christmas)
        
               | someguyiguess wrote:
               | Python is really one of the worst designed languages. It
               | always baffles me that people recommend it to beginners.
        
               | zbentley wrote:
               | Except for all the others (that anyone uses)...
        
               | IshKebab wrote:
               | I dunno there's a lot to pick from when it comes to
               | "worst designed"!
               | 
               | It's definitely not _well_ designed though.
               | 
               | And I agree about recommending it to beginners. Sure, a
               | for-loop and a simple function look very friendly and
               | easy, but good luck explaining to them why they can't
               | import from a file in a different directory...
        
               | cons0le wrote:
               | 15 years ago I tried it and got that path error. 1 year
               | ago I tried again and still got the same error. I'm well
               | aware that it's simple enough to fix. But I was baffled
               | that the same error was still there.
        
               | yjftsjthsd-h wrote:
               | > Python 3 was actively antagonistic to Python 2 code for
               | no reason other than to lecture us about how we were
               | doing things wrong, writing code to support 2 and 3 to
               | help transition was dumb etc etc.
               | 
               | > [...]
               | 
               | > By 3.6 we got back to reasonable path handling on
               | windows and the 3 benefits started to come without
               | antagonistic approaches / regressions from 2. But that
               | was about 8 years? So that burnt a lot of the initial
               | excitement.
               | 
               | So it's a great analogy. Wayland started out proudly
               | proclaiming that it intentionally didn't support features
               | in the name of "security" but everyone should "upgrade"
               | because this was totally better, and has been very slowly
               | discovering that actually all the stuff it willfully
               | dropped was useful and has _mostly_ evolved back to near
               | feature parity with Xorg.
        
               | imtringued wrote:
               | Uhm no? As I mentioned, Wayland is simple because it was
               | designed with the idea that there will be many
               | implementations. It turns out that once you have many
               | implementations, you can't just implement screen
               | recording in one implementation and directly integrate
               | with that implementation, because someone might use a
               | different implementation. This then necessitates
               | extensions for features that go beyond displaying things.
        
               | reactordev wrote:
               | I've been here since the beginning.
               | 
               | I remember Usenet.
               | 
               | X11 was built for multi-user terminals a kin to today's
               | Microsoft VDI garbage.
               | 
               | There's some good. A lot of bad. And some WTF in there.
        
               | PunchyHamster wrote:
               | Realistically rewrite would keep X11 compatibility layer
               | and just do same wayland did, make new protocol.
               | 
               | Just... without all that mess that turned out to be at
               | best +/-, at worst outright negative causing problems for
               | everyone involved. And near all of the "advantages" are
               | "the server is built from scratch" not "the protocol was
               | the limitation"
        
             | bdhcuidbebe wrote:
             | Be the change you want to see.
             | 
             | Also happy winter solstice.
        
           | viraptor wrote:
           | It was always an option, but "just" needed someone to
           | dedicate all their time to it and pull in a group of long
           | term maintainers. The real question is what will happen with
           | the project in 2 years and will it be stable for day to day
           | use.
        
             | bsder wrote:
             | The fact that you can "assume Vulkan exists" helps a _lot_
             | (both hardware and software renderers exist). Do remember--
             | Wayland predates Vulkan by almost a full decade.
             | 
             | In addition, you can offload OpenGL compatibility to Zink
             | (again leaning into Vulkan).
             | 
             | > pull in a group of long term maintainers.
             | 
             | "Use new cool language" seems to be a prerequisite for this
             | nowadays ...
             | 
             | At least Zig is _very_ compatible with C.
        
               | throwaway92841 wrote:
               | You can't "assume Vulkan exists". Any pre-2016 hardware
               | won't have proper hardware support for Vulkan and that's
               | a lot of hardware still in use. Software renderers are
               | unworthy of any serious consideration due to the
               | perfomance drawbacks.
               | 
               | Just use OpenGL. I don't know when this trend to
               | overcomplicate everything using Vulkan began, but I hate
               | it.
        
               | MindSpunk wrote:
               | Nvidia had a driver for Vulkan for Kepler which launched
               | in 2012, AMD had support all the way back to GCN 1.0
               | (also 2012). Intel did have issues supporting it, I can't
               | recall if it was for hardware reasons or just lack of
               | desire for a driver.
               | 
               | Vulkan has substantial advantages for multi-threaded
               | code, as well as exposing the underlying asynchronous
               | nature of running code on the GPU. The kind of thing you
               | want to be able to control with a desktop compositor
               | where controlling vsync and present timing is very
               | important.
        
         | redeeman wrote:
         | BS, windows and macos cant even do proper window managing for a
         | start, and then it just goes downwards from there on.. You can
         | perhaps install various weird third party things, but it does
         | not come with it by default.
         | 
         | If you took people who absolutely never tried any computing,
         | and gave them macos, windows, and for example Plasma, they
         | would NOT consider windows or macos to be ready for the
         | desktop. If you go 15 years back, even way more so.
         | 
         | even in the early 2000s, windows was so hilariously crappy that
         | you had to make floppy disks to even get to install the thing.
         | If PCs didnt come preloaded with windows, regular users would
         | never ever be able to install it, versus the relative ease a
         | typical linux distribution was to install. This is also one of
         | the large reasons that when their windows slowed down due to
         | being a piece of shit with 1000000 toolbars, people threw it
         | out and bought a new, despite the fact that a reinstall would
         | have solved it.
        
           | MangoToupe wrote:
           | > windows and macos cant even do proper window managing for a
           | start
           | 
           | Well they certainly manage them better than x11 and wayland.
           | What a fucking nuts thing to say. Are you rms?
        
             | Arch-TK wrote:
             | I don't use a Mac, but have you ever used Windows?
             | 
             | I mean, maybe you have, but if you are not fussy then at
             | worst MacOS is quirky and Windows and Linux are identical
             | and merely have different icons.
             | 
             | If you pay a little bit of attention you will notice that
             | on linux things seem more flexible and intuitive.
             | 
             | If you are very finnicky, there is nothing that comes close
             | to X11 window managers when it comes to window management
             | flexibility, innovation and power.
        
               | II2II wrote:
               | Windows allows you to launch applications from a menu or
               | via search. You can switch between windows with a mouse
               | or keyboard shortcuts. Windows can either be floating,
               | arranged in pseudo-tiled layers, or full screen. KDE can
               | pretty much do the same under Wayland. Ditto for Gnome
               | under Wayland, albeit to a lesser degree. That covers the
               | bases for most people.
               | 
               | X11 window managers were a mixed bag. While there were a
               | few standouts, most of the variation was in the degree to
               | which they could be configured and how they were
               | configured. There may be fewer compositors for Wayland
               | because of the difficulty in developing them, but the
               | ones that do exist do standout.
        
               | MangoToupe wrote:
               | > and Windows and Linux are identical and merely have
               | different icons
               | 
               | At least on this we can agree, but windows never had to
               | reboot the window server in my experience
        
               | Arch-TK wrote:
               | I've definitely experienced parts of the windows UI
               | crash. explorer.exe isnt just a file browser, half of the
               | UI runs on top of it.
        
               | MangoToupe wrote:
               | > I don't use a Mac, but have you ever used Windows?
               | 
               | I have
               | 
               | > I mean, maybe you have, but if you are not fussy then
               | at worst MacOS is quirky and Windows and Linux are
               | identical and merely have different icons.
               | 
               | Neither have keybindings that make any sense. The other
               | failures are secondary
               | 
               | > If you pay a little bit of attention you will notice
               | that on linux things seem more flexible and intuitive.
               | 
               | Only for windows refugees that have never used Mac OSX
               | 
               | > If you are very finnicky, there is nothing that comes
               | close to X11 window managers when it comes to window
               | management flexibility, innovation and power.
               | 
               | Unless you want to copy and paste, or have consistent key
               | bindings cross applications, or take screenshots. Sure
        
             | sho_hn wrote:
             | Windows is reasonably OK, but MacOS' window management has
             | always been _really terrible_.
             | 
             | Just think through the many different iterations over the
             | years of what the green button on the deco does, which
             | still isn't working consistently, same as double-clicking
             | the title bar. Not to mention that whatever the Maximize-
             | alike is that you can set title bar double click too (the
             | options being Zoom and Fill, buried in settings somewhere)
             | is different from dragging the title bar against the top of
             | the screen and chosing single tile. Which is different from
             | Control-Clicking the green button. Maybe. It depends on the
             | app.
             | 
             | What a mess.
             | 
             | Both of them miss (without add-ons) convenience niche
             | features I cherish, such as the ability to pin arbitrary
             | windows on-top, but at least the basics in Windows work
             | alright and moreover predictably and reliabily. Window
             | management in MacOS just feels neglected and broken.
             | 
             | There may be many other ways in which MacOS shines as a
             | desktop OS, and certainly in terms of display server tech
             | it has innovated by going compositing first, but the window
             | manager is bizarrely bad.
        
               | MangoToupe wrote:
               | > Windows is reasonably OK,
               | 
               | Doesn't windows conflate window and process? That should
               | kick it to the bottom of the bin by default.
               | 
               | > There may be many other ways in which MacOS shines as a
               | desktop OS
               | 
               | May I suggest examining why your keyboard has a "home"
               | key
        
             | binarin wrote:
             | There is at least one area where both macos and windows
             | suck - handling window focus. MacOS is regularly having
             | trouble with tracking focus across multiple monitors and
             | multi-window apps, making it unusable with keyboard only.
             | And Windows just loves to steal focus in the most
             | inappropriate moments.
        
               | MangoToupe wrote:
               | > making it unusable with keyboard only
               | 
               | oh no
        
             | lelanthran wrote:
             | >> windows and macos cant even do proper window managing
             | for a start
             | 
             | > Well they certainly manage them better than x11 and
             | wayland.
             | 
             | X11 doesn't manage Windows. You'd know this if you used it,
             | and if you've used it, you'd know why some consider the
             | window management on Windows and MacOS very primitive.
        
               | MangoToupe wrote:
               | > X11 doesn't manage Windows. You'd know this if you used
               | it, and if you've used it, you'd know why some consider
               | the window management on Windows and MacOS very
               | primitive.
               | 
               | Sure. Windows and macos are also fallible. But there has
               | never been a project that competes with these two brands
               | that can boast a similar commitment to stability and
               | usability.
               | 
               | Also obviously fuck windows
        
           | 7bit wrote:
           | 15 years back people _were_ given Windows macOS and Linux and
           | people voted which OS were ready for the Desktop and which
           | were not. The only BS is your inflammatory contribution to
           | this topic.
        
             | grim_io wrote:
             | The average user only cares what they can run on the
             | desktop. Linux did not have as much choice back then.
        
             | PunchyHamster wrote:
             | Nope, Macs were expensive stuff games did not run on, and
             | linux was just not pushed by near anyone.
             | 
             | It was not a war "which desktop is easier to use", it was
             | "which system can run stuff I need". And if "the need" was
             | "video games and office stuff", your only choice was
             | windows.
        
             | redeeman wrote:
             | they were not, they purchased what was in the stores, which
             | was only windows. all the way from first windows to windows
             | xp it was the biggest pile of shit imaginable. the average
             | user wouldnt even have half a chance of installing it, and
             | certainly couldnt use it with any kind of reasonableness,
             | it was a giant mess, it was just the mess people were used
             | to. Most people would throw out their computer and buy a
             | new when windows became slow, because, of course it
             | gradually becomes slower, makes perfect sense, no?
             | 
             | KDE from 15 years back was HUGELY better than windows at
             | the time, and frankly, also windows now
        
           | someguyiguess wrote:
           | I can't tell if this is satire.
        
           | p_ing wrote:
           | > You can perhaps install various weird third party things,
           | but it does not come with it by default.
           | 
           | A Window Manager and Window Server don't come by default with
           | Linux... It's always an install-time option on the major
           | distros.
           | 
           | > even in the early 2000s, windows was so hilariously crappy
           | that you had to make floppy disks to even get to install the
           | thing.
           | 
           | Windows in the early 2000s installed just fine without a
           | floppy directly from CD or PXE booting.
        
             | tstenner wrote:
             | Unless you needed a SATA driver not included in the
             | installer because you wanted to avoid a legacy IDE
             | emulation for your disks.
        
             | PunchyHamster wrote:
             | Windows in early 2000s didn't even detect your early 2000s
             | SATA drive
             | 
             | Windows in early 2023 didn't even detect the network card
             | it needed to download network card drivers. After changing
             | mobos I needed to boot into _linux_ to download network
             | drivers for windows...
             | 
             | Windows in early 2025 still uses SCSI emulation to talk
             | with NVMe and only now the server part got a proper driver
             | 
             | Windows in early 2025s still need virtio driver injection
             | to boot properly as a VM without IDE emulation
             | 
             | "Drivers working out of the box" were never windows strong
             | part
        
             | redeeman wrote:
             | > Windows in the early 2000s installed just fine without a
             | floppy directly from CD or PXE booting.
             | 
             | when was it sata became the norm? im thinking circa
             | 2001-ish, and what windows was latest here? im thinking
             | windows xp. lets try remember, did windows xp include sata
             | drivers on the installation medium?? oh wait, it didnt.
             | There wasnt even ahci at the time, and windows xp didnt
             | include a single sata driver for any of the chipsets at the
             | time
             | 
             | > A Window Manager and Window Server don't come by default
             | with Linux... It's always an install-time option on the
             | major distros.
             | 
             | desktop distributions generally come with a desktop
             | environment default selected, or prompt you to choose
             | between a few. one feature that has been there since more
             | or less forever is alt + left/rightclick mouse to
             | move/resize windows, which is significantly better than
             | finding the title bar or corners like. for an operating
             | system called "windows" its pretty hilarious it has the
             | worst window management of them all, dont you think?
        
           | figmert wrote:
           | As someone who came from Windows, and has used Linux as my
           | primary OS for 15 years, and MacOS here and there (cos work
           | provided laptop), I can tell you that Linux was not ready for
           | prime time 15 years ago. Today, I feel it is, but definitely
           | not 15 years ago.
        
             | akho wrote:
             | I use Linux on the desktop since 1997, and there was no
             | point where Windows was even slightly more attractive.
             | 
             | I don't know what "prime time" means here.
             | 
             | edit: apart from, you know. Applications and drivers for
             | random hardware.
        
               | figmert wrote:
               | With prime time I mean being comfortable enough to
               | install it for a non-technical user. Even during Ubuntu's
               | Unity days it didn't feel like I could install it on a
               | computer for my parents or siblings for them to use as a
               | daily driver.
        
               | Zardoz84 wrote:
               | I had Kubuntu installed on my grandfather's computer for
               | a year. I ended up replacing it for Windows because my
               | aunt likes to install stuff on it. But my grandfather was
               | happy with it. He only needed a working web browser and a
               | program to use the TV tunner.
        
               | akho wrote:
               | My parents did fine with Linux. My mom still does; it's
               | certainly less maintenance effort from me than Windows
               | would require.
               | 
               | It was fine for non-technical users since at least early
               | GNOME 2, if you're ready to help them set up and
               | maintain. Semi-technical users (Windows power users,
               | gamers, &c -- people who like to install and configure
               | things, but fear the deep dark abyss of the terminal)
               | were and remain more problematic.
               | 
               | Unity days were the nadir of linux desktop ux -- it was
               | when Gnome 2 was gone, and 3 not yet there. Still better
               | than contemporaneous Windows 8, though.
        
           | OsrsNeedsf2P wrote:
           | > If you took people who absolutely never tried any
           | computing, and gave them macos, windows, and for example
           | Plasma, they would NOT consider windows or macos to be ready
           | for the desktop.
           | 
           | There's some truth to this. I've been installing fresh
           | Windows 11s on family computers this holiday season, and good
           | lord is it difficult to use.
           | 
           | The number of tweaks I had to configure to prevent actively
           | hostile programs from ravaging disk read/writes (HDD pain),
           | freezing and crashing, or invasive popups was absurd.
        
         | reppap wrote:
         | I don't really understand what is supposedly missing in Wayland
         | for productivity users? At work I have been using gnome with
         | the wayland backend for years at this point and I can't really
         | figure out anything that's missing.
        
           | sillystuff wrote:
           | Accessibility is apparently a big problem with wayland. E.g.,
           | the most popular / ?only? app that supports hardware eye
           | trackers on Linux does not work with wayland, and states that
           | it likely never will as wayland does not provide what it
           | needs to add support (it is also the most popular app for
           | voice/noise control). Even basic things like screen readers
           | are apparently still an issue with wayland. Without a strong
           | accessibility story, systems running wayland would have been
           | banned at my last employer (a college).
           | 
           | Personally, I have a 3200x2400 e-ink monitor that has a bezel
           | that covers the outer few columns of pixels. I use a custom
           | modeline to exclude those columns from use. And, a fractional
           | scaling of .603x.5 on this now 3184x2400 monitor to get
           | 1920x1200 effective resolution. Zero idea how to accomplish
           | this with wayland-- I do not think it is possible, but if
           | anyone knows a way, I am all ears.
           | 
           | I ran into, at least, ten issues without solutions/work-
           | arounds (like the issue with my monitor) when I tried to
           | switch this year, after getting a new laptop. Reverted to a
           | functional, and productively familiar, setup with X.
        
             | pezezin wrote:
             | I don't know about other DE, but at least with Plasma there
             | is a "overscan" option to compensate for hidden borders.
        
               | sillystuff wrote:
               | Thanks for that.
               | 
               | Overscan is not supported in wlroots yet. Seems the issue
               | is that handling overscan is display driver specific.
               | 
               | But, now I know the keyword to look for.
        
           | OsrsNeedsf2P wrote:
           | Autoclickers and screen macros on Wayland are all janky
        
           | MrDrMcCoy wrote:
           | Headless remote desktop, at least for KDE, is very much not
           | possible today as far as I can tell. It's the last thing I
           | miss from Xorg.
        
           | phito wrote:
           | Screenshots are just completely broken. People always tell me
           | to use other apps like flameshot but IME it just doesn't work
           | and I don't want to have to mess around so much to take
           | screenshots.
           | 
           | I'm still using Wayland because it's what came with my distro
           | (endeavour OS, gnome), but it's really strange how it came
           | broken out of the box.
        
           | linsomniac wrote:
           | >what is supposedly missing in Wayland
           | 
           | My desktop is a bit long in the tooth (22.04), but I've long
           | given up on trying to screen shot or screen share from
           | Wayland. I have my Macbook sitting next to it and use it for
           | those things, where it works basically flawlessly.
           | 
           | Kind of waiting for 26.04 to upgrade at this point, but I'm
           | not really expecting any of this to be better yet.
           | 
           | edit: If I had it to do over again, I wouldn't have gone
           | Wayland at 22.04.
        
             | reppap wrote:
             | I'm running fedora and have been screenshoting and screen
             | sharing (with the teams PWA) just fine. So might be time to
             | get something newer.
        
           | foxrider wrote:
           | The xdg-desktop-portal stuff is still too immature. For
           | example, my friend wanted my help after upgrading his Pop_OS
           | to 24.04, and 24.04 replaced GNOME with COSMIC. COSMI had no
           | RemoteDesktop portal (and still doesn't have it), so we
           | couldn't use RustDesk like we always did without him
           | installing a GNOME session just for that.
           | 
           | I've been an i3 user for almost two decades, but eventually
           | switched to Sway - to this day there's no InputCapture
           | portal, so I can't use Synergy with Sway, forcing me to
           | switch to i3 while I'm working.
           | 
           | It's been over 10 years of things like that. There's always
           | SOMETHING missing.
        
         | nish__ wrote:
         | > Wayland is still quite a way behind Windows and macOS in
         | terms of what productivity users need
         | 
         | What's missing?
        
           | quantummagic wrote:
           | Ads in the start menu, forced screenshotting of all your
           | activity, and AI integration in every aspect of the desktop
           | experience.
        
             | nish__ wrote:
             | lol
        
           | gen2brain wrote:
           | Window positioning? You cannot position the window, you
           | cannot send a hint, nothing? So my pop-up with GTK4 will
           | randomly be placed somewhere, anywhere, without any control.
           | OK, GTK4 went further and also removed popups without the
           | parent, so you hack that with an invisible anchor window and
           | then write platform-specific code for sane platforms that
           | CAN, of course, move the window. And let's not talk about
           | window icons that you have to put somewhere on the file
           | system?
        
             | bloppe wrote:
             | It's not technically behind on window positioning. Rather,
             | it was a deliberate choice not to support it. You can very
             | reasonably object to that, but it is sorta a necessary
             | measure to prevent clickjacking.
        
               | gen2brain wrote:
               | Did such an attack with crazy moving windows happen in
               | the past?
        
               | hanikesn wrote:
               | It does on Android
        
               | foxrider wrote:
               | Happened a lot in browsers.
        
               | bmacho wrote:
               | I'm amazed how both wayland and x11 miss the logical
               | solution: let the user decide.
               | 
               | Any function that is a threat should be behind
               | capabilities.
               | 
               | A program should be able to request moving its windows.
               | The user should ultimately decide what should happen:
               | allow or nah.
        
               | XorNot wrote:
               | And common sense mitigations: if a new program I've never
               | seen before drops an actionable control under my cursor,
               | _maybe_ just default to not immediately accepting the
               | next input to it so I have a chance to see it.
        
               | vidarh wrote:
               | And that, to me, is a sufficient reason not to consider
               | Wayland as a serious option.
        
               | gsnedders wrote:
               | I mean, you can create alternate APIs that would work for
               | the pop-up use case: you could have a command to create a
               | new window positioned relative to the current window's
               | coordinate space.
               | 
               | That limited capability still has a risk of denial
               | attacks (just throwing up pop-ups that extend beyond the
               | current window's boundaries), but those can be mitigated
               | in a number of ways (limit the new window's boundaries to
               | the current window's, or just limit how many windows can
               | be opened, etc.).
        
             | MindSpunk wrote:
             | Have you considered if someone wants to make a compositor
             | where each window is projected onto a facet of a hyper cube
             | and must place windows in 4 dimensions? These are important
             | use cases we should support, we should make cross platform
             | software as difficult possible to develop for Linux by
             | removing features that have been standard on desktop
             | operating systems for decades.
        
       | vzaliva wrote:
       | Multiple screens support is listed as non-goal. Would that
       | prevent its usage with window managers which support virtiaul
       | desktops? I am i3 user and it is a critical feature for me.
        
         | sho_hn wrote:
         | In short: No.
         | 
         | In X11 "screen" has a particular meaning, and only supporting a
         | single screen doesn't preclude multi-monitor support or virtual
         | desktops.
        
           | ddtaylor wrote:
           | Is this why back in the day sometimes a Linux distro would
           | have a multi-monitor setup where each monitor was an actual
           | different desktop cube for example. There was a time when
           | each window for an Nvidia graphics card in that type of
           | configuration could not be moved from one screen to another,
           | etc.
        
             | sho_hn wrote:
             | Yep!
        
           | ndiddy wrote:
           | Given that they're fine with adding breaking changes to the
           | protocol, I think it's a shame that they're not supporting
           | multi-screen. This will lead to the same problem with Xrandr
           | based multi-monitor where you get screen tearing with mixed
           | refresh rate displays. I would prefer to see "traditional X11
           | multihead but you can move programs between screens" as the
           | solution for multiple monitors. Even if it worked like Mac OS
           | X where you can't have a single window span across multiple
           | monitors, it would still be better than the current state of
           | X11.
        
         | esjeon wrote:
         | As others have already mentioned, the continuous multi-
         | monitor(Xinerama) was an afterthought. A good news is that, by
         | design, it's actually pretty easy to add in the later steps.
        
       | vitalnodo wrote:
       | Another potentially interesting project is zigx, an X11 client
       | library for Zig applications:
       | 
       | https://github.com/marler8997/zigx
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aPWFLkHRIAQ
       | 
       | Compared to libX11, it avoids dynamic dependencies, uses less
       | memory, and provides better error messages.
        
       | iamnothere wrote:
       | This is the kind of initiative I'd prefer to see from X
       | preservationists. Great job, I hope it succeeds. I prefer
       | Wayland, but there's still a place in the world for X; it just
       | needs new dev teams to shoulder the burden.
        
         | grim_io wrote:
         | I disagree. The choices in the Linux ecosystem lead to
         | unnecessary fragmentation and development/packaging nightmares.
         | 
         | I say let X11 die, bury it, and never let it rise again.
         | 
         | Then we can all focus on making just one display server as good
         | as possible.
        
           | nish__ wrote:
           | This is the worst argument ever. The choices in the Linux
           | community is what's made it the best OS in the world today.
        
             | grim_io wrote:
             | Linux on the desktop only took of because Ubuntu, with
             | mixed results and a lot of controversy, decided to
             | standardize and polish the experience for "normies".
             | 
             | The distribution sprawl I largely see as a detriment to the
             | ecosystem.
        
               | kesor wrote:
               | I would argue that Desktop Linux finally took off because
               | of Steam Proton, and because of Windows 10/11 and macOS
               | starting version fartascular or whatever their versions
               | are named.
        
               | uecker wrote:
               | I remember seeing Linux gaining some traction 15 year
               | ago, and Ubuntu focusing on polishing the user experience
               | (with initiatives such as fixing "One hundred paper
               | cuts"), but then this changed instead of keeping this
               | stable the great rewriting began. Seeing Wayland (which
               | is just one example) users having a problem with screen
               | sharing just convinces me how much of a self-own this was
               | from the Linux community.
        
             | morshu9001 wrote:
             | There isn't a successful Linux desktop OS. The Linux kernel
             | is successful on servers and appliances, but only the
             | kernel. And there aren't many even-split choices on your
             | typical server. Like yeah zsh has a bit of a following, but
             | everyone assumes you use bash, which is a good thing.
        
           | esjeon wrote:
           | The *original* X11 should die, but the modern Linux GUI stack
           | has long abandoned most of its features anyway. X11 was
           | already reduced to a bit-blitter protocol long before
           | Wayland.
           | 
           | So, in theory, we can embrace a rather-minimal X11
           | implementation that can run the modern UI, including some
           | desktop features missing in Wayland.
        
           | yjftsjthsd-h wrote:
           | > The choices in the Linux ecosystem lead to unnecessary
           | fragmentation and development/packaging nightmares.
           | 
           | You cannot possibly use this as an argument in Wayland's
           | favor. X11 sucked because it baked everything, including
           | multiple outdated kitchen sinks, into a single Xorg monolith.
           | Wayland sucks because it factors out everything, including
           | really important features, into optional extensions, ensuring
           | that anything more interesting than "draw pixels to a window"
           | will always be different on every single compositor.
        
             | rabf wrote:
             | Completed in 2007.
             | 
             | https://www.x.org/wiki/ModularizationProposal/
        
           | ori_b wrote:
           | Which one? The Gnome Wayland, the KDE Wayland, the xroots
           | wayland, Weston, or one of the others? Each one is an
           | independent implementation of a Wayland compositor, with a
           | differing, incompatible set of extensions.
           | 
           | X11 was a single, pretty janky implementation. Wayland is the
           | worst of both worlds -- it's cleaned up a little, but it's
           | still kinda janky. In exchange for a little bit of cleanup,
           | mainly around bitmap fonts, it's no longer a unified
           | protocol.
           | 
           | And to top it off -- it kept the worst part of the X11
           | protocol, the XKB extension, but got rid of input handling
           | entirely, which means that every platform needs to reach for
           | platform specific code to implement reading from the mouse
           | and keyboard.
           | 
           | Yay.
        
             | grim_io wrote:
             | Sure, but I don't see a world where keeping X11 alive, in
             | addition to all of this, makes anything better or easier,
             | for anyone in the medium to long term.
        
               | ori_b wrote:
               | If, as an application developer, you target X11, you have
               | a program that will work on Linux and BSD with all
               | desktop environments. It'd even work on Wayland via
               | Xwayland. If you want to use it on other OSes, it's less
               | smooth, but also working on MacOS via Xquartz, and
               | Windows via Xming. There's even an X11 compatibility
               | layer for Haiku (Xlibe).
               | 
               | With Wayland, you don't even get compatibility with Gnome
               | and KDE. You need conditional compilation to get mouse
               | events if you port to FreeBSD Wayland.
               | 
               | For the medium term, if your goal is to reduce
               | fragmentation, X11 is the portable target, even if you
               | use Wayland.
        
               | vidarh wrote:
               | It makes things a lot better for me, for one, and clearly
               | there are more of us. You may not think it matters, and
               | that's fine, but X11 won't go away because there are
               | enough of us that won't let it.
        
             | roenxi wrote:
             | If we're hypothesising a perfect world, ideally they
             | standardise some way of sharing framebuffers between
             | programs into Wayland. I suppose maybe they already have I
             | gave up on the ecosystem in the early 2020s. That seems
             | like it should be long enough ago now that they've got even
             | advanced features like screenshots under control and rolled
             | out.
        
               | bigyabai wrote:
               | Your "perfect world" sounds suspiciously similar to a
               | remote infiltrator's paradise.
        
             | morshu9001 wrote:
             | The answer has been Gnome Wayland for years
        
           | jbverschoor wrote:
           | I'd love to have a proper x11.
           | 
           | Run gui apps in your container, local or remote.
           | 
           | Perfect
        
           | bashkiddie wrote:
           | > I say let X11 die, bury it, and never let it rise again.
           | 
           | totally awesome! And once we are done with X11, lets put
           | pulseaudio to the grave! We can all focus on having an audio
           | stack that does realiably stream to many sinks!
           | 
           | And polkit... su and sudo should have been enough
        
           | noosphr wrote:
           | Sound like you should use a BSD instead of Linux if you don't
           | like choice.
        
             | morshu9001 wrote:
             | FreeBSD is indeed nicer to use than your average Linux
             | distro, and has a really good manual. The blocker is that
             | everything is made for Linux.
        
               | noosphr wrote:
               | Sound like you want to eat your cake and have it too. The
               | reason why everything is made for Linux is because you
               | can make Linux into anything. The reason is choice. The
               | more you try taking that away the less things will run on
               | it until it's just a worse BSD.
        
       | bnolsen wrote:
       | It's christmas and not april fools!
        
         | nine_k wrote:
         | But this is a treat, not a silly joke!
        
       | AndyKelley wrote:
       | As the application author you can set the release mode in the
       | build script so that the release flag looks like `zig build
       | --release` instead, and the user doesn't choose the optimization
       | mode.
       | 
       | As a user you can pass `--release` to `zig build` to request
       | release mode. If the application doesn't want to pick for you,
       | you'll get an error and then you can pick for yourself.
       | 
       | In this case, it looks like the author of Phoenix wants to choose
       | ReleaseSafe as the official release mode of the application.
       | 
       | Phoenix is the name of my hometown, btw.
        
       | smj-edison wrote:
       | Bit of an observation, but I've noticed that there's been quite a
       | few pragmatic projects started in Zig. Bun vs Deno comes to mind
       | (one focused on DX, the other on security), and now this vs
       | Wayland. Not to say that designing something properly is wrong,
       | just that it tends to throw away a lot of important
       | interoperability.
        
       | grumps wrote:
       | I finally caved and switched to Wayland 6 months ago or so.
       | Things just work so much more smoothly.
        
         | ilvez wrote:
         | Some things do but for some details I'm amazed what I need to
         | do to make it work, like going to sleep with multiple displays.
         | Maybe it's a sway thing and I'm not complaining at all,
         | crafting a solid minimal configuration has its charms.
         | 
         | I'm just thinking why did it take me so long to do the switch.
         | I still keep X around, but not sure how long. Like keeping vim
         | around after switching to nvim few years back..
        
         | gooberman wrote:
         | What are the things specifically that work better? because most
         | of the case people dont have issues because of the x11 (the
         | protocol), but because of how the xorg server works
        
       | shmerl wrote:
       | So this can be an interesting option for XWayland?
        
         | PeakKS wrote:
         | Well no because it's not actually compatible with X11
        
         | gooberman wrote:
         | The README mentions xwayland so maybe it could be in the future
        
       | Levitating wrote:
       | No active development in the last 4 months?
        
       | dismalaf wrote:
       | Cool project I guess, don't see the point but technically
       | interesting. Will be cool to have another modern display
       | protocol/server. I personally would have rewritten Wlroots in Zig
       | or something, but I guess this is more interesting.
        
       | __d wrote:
       | So ... does xterm work? emacs? xfig? ghostview? xload? xev?
       | oclock? xmodmap? xpilot?
        
         | esjeon wrote:
         | It's possible that most of old X11 toys would not work
         | properly, because many of them rely on X11 drawing APIs, but
         | they are pretty simple to implement anyway.
        
         | donio wrote:
         | I gave it a quick go and very few things work at the moment.
         | None of the programs you listed do.
         | 
         | From the README:                 At the moment it can render
         | simple applications that do GLX, EGL or Vulkan graphics (fully
         | hardware accelerated) nested in an existing X server.
         | 
         | And that sounds about right. As far as I can tell it doesn't
         | yet have a lot of the core X11 stuff that "normal" clients
         | expect. For example xterm doesn't start because requests like
         | X_AllocColor, X_OpenFont, X_PutImage (a few picked at random
         | from the error output) are not implemented yet.
         | 
         | glxgears on the other hand does work :)
        
         | CerryuDu wrote:
         | motif apps? xmag? xfontsel? forwarding over ssh? ~/.XCompose?
         | "links2 -g"?
        
       | shevy-java wrote:
       | I have no idea how well this one works, but I am all up for more
       | projects that can compete against the singularization that
       | corporations currently try (see paid developers for wayland,
       | GNOME and now also KDE). I wonder how much money would be needed
       | to make the xorg server adapt to the modern era; I don't even
       | know the featureset that is missing for this either. But I also
       | know that wayland, after 20 years (!!!), will never cover those
       | requests users had over tohse 20 years, simply because it tries
       | to cater to a narrow specification wanted by corporations rather
       | than the people - so much is now clear (wayland protocol was
       | released in 2008, so it is soon 20 years actually; in a few days
       | we have 2026, so it will be 18 years).
        
       | immibis wrote:
       | Nice! We do need more X servers, since Wayland refuses to
       | incorporate essential protocol elements due to religion.
        
         | esjeon wrote:
         | Yeah, we should introduce competition. It doesn't feel like
         | Wayland is improving these days. Missing features force me to
         | hit X11 regularly, and I still get Wayland session crashes etc,
         | while X11 could happily run over a year without crash and run
         | all applications I need without issues.
        
           | TingPing wrote:
           | "Wayland" cannot crash, its a protocol. Your complaints are
           | to your compositor.
        
       | socketcluster wrote:
       | The name Phoenix is overused. There is an Elixir framework called
       | Phoenix. I think I also heard of other projects with that same
       | name before.
       | 
       | It's a bit like the name 'Apollo'; besides the moon landing
       | project, I know like 2 dev projects called that and also there is
       | a sales SaaS platform with that name.
       | 
       | Surely people should run a search first before choosing a name...
        
         | wewewedxfgdf wrote:
         | From _the ashes of some previous project_ is born _some new
         | project_.
         | 
         | It's symbolic.
         | 
         | I remember people naming new software projects this back in the
         | 1980s for the same reason.
        
           | socketcluster wrote:
           | It's a great name but way overused. I guess everything these
           | days rose from ashes of past failures. Sector is highly
           | competitive.
        
           | bloppe wrote:
           | Ya, and that's the same reason all those other projects
           | picked this name too
        
           | thiht wrote:
           | We get the symbolic reason. It's still overused and lazy
           | because it doesn't even relate to the project itself except
           | for its origin in the most generic way.
           | 
           | They could at least use PhoenX or FenX to link it with X
        
         | wakawaka28 wrote:
         | Firefox tried to use it and was sued for trademark
         | infringement. wxPython also has a Phoenix project. It's
         | definitely a catchy, but overused, name.
        
           | LeFantome wrote:
           | I don't think the problem was with "phoenix".
           | 
           | It was Project Phoenix (resurrection of the Netscape
           | browser). This resulted in the Firebird browser (Firebird and
           | Thunderbird). But Firebird was an existing database that
           | objected to the name. So, we got Firefox instead.
           | 
           | At least that is how I remember it.
        
             | lmz wrote:
             | Wasn't it renamed because of these people?
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenix_Technologies
        
               | wakawaka28 wrote:
               | Yes, and that was just the start lol...
               | https://www.zdnet.com/article/mozilla-holds-fire-in-
               | naming-f...
        
             | loeg wrote:
             | Yeah, me too. https://website-
             | archive.mozilla.org/www.mozilla.org/firefox_...
        
               | wakawaka28 wrote:
               | https://www.zdnet.com/article/mozilla-holds-fire-in-
               | naming-f...
               | 
               | All the first 3 names were taken. They probably had to
               | bribe even the holders of the Firefox trademark to get it
               | (though the terms were never disclosed).
        
             | wakawaka28 wrote:
             | Mozilla was sued to rename Firefox (like I said) by one
             | Phoenix Technologies. If I remember right, they picked two
             | bad names before picking "Firefox" but I don't remember the
             | other one.
        
           | loeg wrote:
           | Firefox was Firebird, not Phoenix.
        
             | wakawaka28 wrote:
             | I think Firebird was the _second_ name they tried to use
             | that was already taken. They were definitely sued by
             | Phoenix Technologies for one incident. Bryan Lunduke has a
             | podcast explaining the history of this but I saw the one
             | about Phoenix on the Wikipedia page before posting.
             | 
             | Edit: Here you go: https://www.zdnet.com/article/mozilla-
             | holds-fire-in-naming-f...
        
         | travisgriggs wrote:
         | Phoenix in the Elixir ecosystem is probably one of the less
         | confusing name uses. Under that stack you get such clear
         | library framework names as: bandit, cowboy, thousand island,
         | and ranch. As well as mint and finch. When not riffing off of
         | previous project names with off axis alternate names, it's
         | always some sort of ExThing sharing space with at least 3 other
         | varieties of the same (e.g. ThingEx, Thingx, and ExaThing), and
         | you're left guessing which one _may_ have emerged as a
         | conventional standard.
        
         | mths wrote:
         | Better not ask them to think outside the box or they'll come up
         | with something like fushichou.
        
         | rplnt wrote:
         | How many X servers named Pheonix are there? Surely it doesn't
         | matter if there are frameworks and libraries of the same name
         | in other areas. It's inevitable to have collisions like this.
        
         | cheschire wrote:
         | Remember when every project acronym used to be YA-something for
         | "Yet Another..."? Or when recursive acronyms were the hot
         | trend?
        
         | elestor wrote:
         | I can second the Apollo thing. I think it might just be a
         | natural name to give something, because when I was a kid I was
         | working on a voice assistant thing instead of touching grass
         | (never finished it) and called it Apollo. This was probably my
         | first project.
        
         | underdeserver wrote:
         | I think all the cool one-word names are used, and overused, by
         | now.
        
         | zingar wrote:
         | There's an AI coding tool called phoenix.love as well
        
       | PixelForg wrote:
       | Same author behind https://git.dec05eba.com/gpu-screen-
       | recorder/about/ , the best screen recorder for wayland imo (I had
       | tried other alternatives but none of them helped in recording at
       | 4k 60fps, this worked out of the box).
        
       | ori_b wrote:
       | Seems interesting that they're not using the XML protocol specs
       | for code gen, the way the Xorg server does.
        
       | fithisux wrote:
       | This is very good.
       | 
       | We can see innovation in this space.
       | 
       | Next I suppose is porting Motif to Windows.
        
       | uecker wrote:
       | This is cool. What X is really missing though is a little bit of
       | love from the toolkit side, e.g. proper latency hiding using XCB,
       | support for dis- and reconnect or support for moving windows to
       | display on different devices.
        
       | nialv7 wrote:
       | the xserver implementation itself is only part of the problem.
       | the other part is the X11 protocol is just bad, and IMHO can't be
       | solved by subsetting.
       | 
       | this might make a good alternative to Xwayland though, which can
       | be exciting.
        
       | isopede wrote:
       | Look, my setup works for me. Just add an option to reenable
       | spacebar heating.
        
       | Shekelphile wrote:
       | Does this mean we can finally be done with the farce of
       | pretending that Wayland is a serious contender for replacing X11?
        
         | paulryanrogers wrote:
         | Why is it not? I get the impression Wayland has been built by
         | former X devs
        
           | liampulles wrote:
           | The issue (to my understanding) is that it is a very
           | different protocol, which makes it quite onerous for
           | application and desktop environment developers to transition
           | to. Also, since some desktop environments have really grown
           | opposed to Wayland (e.g. XFCE) it puts the application
           | developer in the position of having to wait.
        
       | webprofusion wrote:
       | Nice but 2008 called and want their git web UI back. I can't take
       | anything "modern" seriously if it seems firmly archaic, my
       | problem I get it.
        
         | lloydatkinson wrote:
         | Very much your problem.
        
         | Zambyte wrote:
         | https://git.kernel.org
        
       | cardanome wrote:
       | Please prioritize to keep accessibility features working.
       | 
       | This is really the main issue with wayland. Yes, it might be more
       | stable these days and work fine for you. We can talk how how it
       | makes writing you own WM needlessly complicated and all that but
       | the one thing that makes wayland unacceptable is its lacking
       | accessibility story. After so many years.
       | 
       | Accessibility is not something you can worry about adding later.
       | It is the first thing you should think about when designing new
       | software.
        
         | hambes wrote:
         | As someone who is not deep into linux desktop history: Can you
         | please elaborate on the missing accessibility features in
         | wayland or direct me to resources on that?
         | 
         | I've been using wayland for a while now and am very happy with
         | it, but my accessibility needs are pretty basic.
        
           | cardanome wrote:
           | See this comment for example:
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=46380075#46381858
           | 
           | Here is a slightly-hopeful article:
           | https://fireborn.mataroa.blog/blog/i-want-to-love-linux-
           | it-d...
        
             | hambes wrote:
             | thank you!
        
         | bigyabai wrote:
         | > Accessibility is not something you can worry about adding
         | later.
         | 
         | I don't think there's any concrete proof of this. Ideally I
         | think people want accessibility handled by their WM/DE; you're
         | not getting Windows or macOS-quality a11y "for free" unless
         | your desktop embraces it. At which point you might as well make
         | it a separate, aftermarket protocol and slap it into d-bus.
         | 
         | If the Linux ecosystem is going to be fragmented and move past
         | single-point-of-failure, polishing Xorg's accessibility works
         | _against_ the goal of standardized a11y.
        
           | gsnedders wrote:
           | Not just WM/DE, but also the toolkit too.
        
       | mkoubaa wrote:
       | The Wayland people were right about everything
        
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       (page generated 2025-12-25 23:00 UTC)