[HN Gopher] Formula One Handovers and Handovers From Surgery to ...
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       Formula One Handovers and Handovers From Surgery to Intensive Care
       (2008) [pdf]
        
       Author : bookofjoe
       Score  : 102 points
       Date   : 2025-12-06 19:21 UTC (7 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (gwern.net)
 (TXT) w3m dump (gwern.net)
        
       | dralley wrote:
       | As it turns out, the pit crew is just about the only functional
       | part of the modern Ferrari team.
        
         | linhns wrote:
         | I still wonder how Alonso managed to compete for WDC in 2010.
        
           | vjvjvjvjghv wrote:
           | Vettel scored 2nd two times. It seems possible. I would love
           | to see LeClerc in a different car.
        
           | jack_tripper wrote:
           | By being one of the greatest drivers ever.
        
           | flopsamjetsam wrote:
           | We are checking.
        
         | hs586 wrote:
         | The drivers are doing alright :)
        
           | dralley wrote:
           | Well, one of them anyway
        
         | storus wrote:
         | Next year(tm)
        
         | rurban wrote:
         | It's not that Ferrari is not functional. It is, but it severely
         | hampered by management.
         | 
         | When they were successful, they tried every new idea out,
         | directly at the track. Because they they had their own track at
         | the door. When they weren't allowed to do that anymore (all
         | others complained about their unfair advantage), they had a gap
         | from the idea to get the result from trying it out. So they
         | build simulators (which all the others already had). But they
         | were still used to try anything out, so that their simulators
         | couldn't reproduce anything anymore. Because they constantly
         | changed all the settings. So the managers went radical and
         | restore backups of the simulators every single night. They
         | became stable, but the engineers lost all of their work every
         | single day. So they stopped improving the system. That's when
         | the car stopped improving also.
         | 
         | Management problem.
        
       | squigz wrote:
       | "Some aspects of the Formula One handover were not transfer- able
       | to the medical handover process. When the consultant from Formula
       | One went to GOSH and looked at the whole handover process, he
       | said it would be best to engineer out parts and get new
       | equipment. He noted the complex technical problems with the
       | handover ... The Formula One consultant asked, "Why don't you
       | just have one thing that does both and has its own power supply
       | and its own ventilator?" This was obviously what needed to be
       | done, but it turned out not to be feasible since manufacturers
       | were not interested in producing the needed equipment. They were
       | not interested because the market is very small (only children)
       | and hospitals would never be able to replace all its beds at the
       | same time due to the exorbitant cost of the proposed new
       | equipment. While the Formula One crew can count on using
       | technology to improve their handover process, the hospital team
       | could not; they had to rely more on human beings and less on
       | state-of-the-art technology."
        
         | sheepscreek wrote:
         | Formula One teams are known to throw money (and lots of it) at
         | problems. It works for them because:                 - 2
         | drivers/cars per team.       - ~2 hour race on a weekend every
         | ~2 weeks per season.
         | 
         | They don't need to solve every problem and the solutions just
         | need to work well during the race (at least for the pit crew).
         | 
         | The hospital needs to do this for hundreds of patients every
         | day. They need solutions that can scale (cost less per person).
         | This was about one specific problem (handover) but different
         | patients could bring with them different complications and add
         | new constraints.
         | 
         | Still very cool though. Glad they got some actionable insights.
        
           | jdietrich wrote:
           | It's more to do with the bureaucratic costs of getting a
           | product licensed as a medical device. By the standards of the
           | medical industry, an F1 wheel nut gun or a WEC refuelling rig
           | isn't particularly expensive; the prohibitive part is getting
           | a specialist item approved for medical use. Motorsport can do
           | things that _don 't_ scale, because no-one is stopping them
           | from using a one-off prototype made to precisely fit their
           | needs. They (and their suppliers) iterate incredibly rapidly
           | Bringing a new medical device to the market is an immensely
           | expensive multi-year project. Obviously there are benefits to
           | the precautionary principle, but I'm not sure that anyone has
           | quantified the costs.
        
           | traceroute66 wrote:
           | > It works for them because:
           | 
           | You missed item number 3 from your list ....
           | 
           | Because F1 has a shit load of sponsors willing to throw a
           | shit load of money at the team as long as they get their logo
           | on the side of the car.
           | 
           | Hospitals don't have that. Even the US has not (yet ?)
           | stooped so low as to have corporate sponsorship for hospitals
           | !
           | 
           | "Mr Patient, your heart operation is being sponsored by
           | $megaCorp ... pay extra to remove the ads from your implanted
           | pacemaker".
        
         | dataviz1000 wrote:
         | > they had to rely more on human beings and less on state-of-
         | the-art technology.
         | 
         | They would do better to look at the Michelin starred kitchens
         | starting with leaning to keep their work spaces organized and
         | clean no matter how fast they are moving. Here is a good
         | example of an engineered kitchen. "Oui"
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=klfxQuXT66s
        
         | asplake wrote:
         | Where I live, ambulances use pulse oximeter probes incompatible
         | with those used by in hospital and issued to home (my daughter
         | was ventilated at night and this was a real issue). That one at
         | least would be solved (and not expensively if only people
         | talked to each other. It didn't need Ferrari to surface that
         | one!
        
           | jll29 wrote:
           | It's not just oximeters.
           | 
           | I once worked as a paramedic at the German-French border in
           | the 1990s. Cross-border collaboration between us ("DRK RPF
           | 2/83/1") and the French firefighters ("Samu-67") was cordial
           | but the radio frequencies were not just different but such
           | that the German radios could not even be set to the French
           | frequency (this was before mobile phones were spread beyond
           | C-net phones for business people that looked like suitcases),
           | and syringe tips and infusion needle tips had incompatible
           | endings.
           | 
           | So on one occasion, after running out of medicine and lacking
           | a medic, we called the French colleagues for assistance, and
           | we'd improvise and put a needle on a syringe and injected
           | atropin, adrenaline etc. as needed into the plastic infusion
           | bottle instead of connecting the syringe's ending right to
           | the incompatible butterfly (nick name for the intravenal
           | needle). That episode (Saturday, August 1, 1992) remains
           | particularly memorable since this was my first day on the
           | job, and job #4 on that 24-hour-shift (now they are banned to
           | work that long) would become my first primarily successful
           | resucitation after 45 min of CPR.
           | 
           | Standards (and open borders) can save lives.
        
             | squigz wrote:
             | 45 minutes of CPR sounds like it would be really rough on
             | both you and the patient. Better than dying though :)
        
       | psidium wrote:
       | This was 2008 when they were fighting for titles still (turns out
       | they were robbed and the FIA knew about it and let it play out).
       | 
       | That said I imagine what Jonathan Wheatley would be able to
       | achieve in a task similar to this since he had the Red Bull team
       | maintain a consistent sub-2 second pit stop at Red Bull and he
       | was able to significantly quicken the Sauber one this year.
        
         | xeonmc wrote:
         | 2008 -> 2021 bookends
        
         | PhoenixFlame101 wrote:
         | To play devil's advocate a bit, Ferrari won both championships
         | in 2007 and the constructors in 2008, so it's hard to say they
         | were robbed when they actually won. Massa though, is another
         | story.
        
           | agos wrote:
           | They made sure it wouldn't happen again though
        
       | secfirstmd wrote:
       | So as someone who runs and trains cyber incident response teams.
       | Where a big focus is on MMTx and reducing chance for adversary
       | breakout times. Which are gonna get worse thanks to AI. This
       | paper was actually part of me calling the approach Formula One
       | IR.
       | 
       | Specifically about getting people joining the IR to already have
       | their assigned speciality and first moves ready to go and to
       | begun, as a way to support the incident handler. There's really
       | big benefits to studying the metrics of specific incidents you
       | have to the minute by minute level. So much time saving to be
       | made, accuracy to be enforced and duplication to be reduced.
       | 
       | You can find there's less time wasted in an incident dividing out
       | jobs or lost go inevitable context switching to join the
       | incident. There's already searches, people and clarity about what
       | should mostly likely be done in the first few mins, even though
       | the plan will change and details initially are probably scare.
       | It's really effective and cuts MMTx down a huge amount.
       | 
       | Obviously then the handover itself is a vital part in IR to get
       | done accurately and with speed. So that flows into all of the
       | above. It's a really good paper for thinking through workflows
       | 
       | I must get around to writing it up some day.
        
         | t0mas88 wrote:
         | It may also be relevant to study what in aviation is called
         | MCC, Multi-Crew Cooperation. That's all about catching errors
         | and making decisions under pressure as a team.
         | 
         | For example, two crew in the simulator, one as captain and the
         | other as first officer, with some external resources like a
         | dispatcher on the ground and air traffic control. The scenario
         | is a flight over high terrain with zero visibility, the trainer
         | then introduces a failure for example an engine fire with
         | inability to maintain altitude.
         | 
         | You could as captain start making decisions immediately but
         | you'll then loose the input of your FO and not optimally use
         | the resources you have. Or you could start a long conversation
         | together about what to do, but you would crash into a mountain
         | (or burn) due to being too slow.
         | 
         | MCC is about how to get the team on the same page quickly,
         | avoid tunnel vision and rushed wrong decisions, while being
         | fast enough to deal with the problem. And making effective use
         | of outside resources like air traffic contol. Of course it's
         | quite aviation specific, but there are several concepts that
         | work in other areas as well.
        
           | secfirstmd wrote:
           | Yep totally. It's something I've incorporated. Especially
           | where the main incident commander gets overwhelmed with
           | decisions, tunnel vision or distraction. For example getting
           | trapped into threat hunting rather than commanding.
           | 
           | I actually think most cyber incident responder training for
           | the commander is pretty weak because it doesn't do a great
           | job of instituting the stress element. Physical security
           | training does it in a much better way. The result is the need
           | to create custom stuff. Because some shitty off the shelf big
           | vendor table top or similar ain't gonna do it.
        
             | t0mas88 wrote:
             | Exactly, it's that overwhelmed state with resulting tunnel
             | vision or chasing the wrong thing that is so common in
             | aviation incidents. If you have a big issue, the ECAM
             | screen lights up light a Christmas tree. There is logic in
             | the system to ensure messages are prioritised, but in the
             | end the humans still have to systematically figure out
             | what's going on.
             | 
             | What causes more issues in flight is that you have to
             | maintain control of the aircraft while determining the
             | issue and making a plan. Which in zero visibility doing
             | manual flight has a significant mental load by itself, so
             | if the automation is affected by whatever issues you have,
             | one crew member can't sit back and 100% think.
             | 
             | It's probably hard to simulate that extra load/stress for
             | cyber incidents. For MCC training it's done in a flight
             | simulator so all the noise, alarms, and having to maintain
             | control is there.
        
       | lifeisstillgood wrote:
       | It's impressive that surgical teams put aside ego enough to do
       | this - and I suspect that barely 1 in 1000 businesses and teams
       | could decide their own work as deeply.
        
       | scrollop wrote:
       | Interesting.
       | 
       | Another take-
       | 
       | "Two F1 fan surgeons found a way to visit Ferrari headquarters as
       | a business trip."
        
         | PaulRobinson wrote:
         | There's actually a bit of crossover. This paper is quite old,
         | but I know that other teams and other surgeons have visited
         | each other plenty since this was published, and there's this
         | cross fertilisation of ideas.
         | 
         | F1 is "important" in the sense that it is competitive, and so
         | teams want to iterate and improve constantly. I think the
         | fastest pit stop in the 2025 season 1.91 seconds, in which: the
         | car is jacked, four tyres are removed, four new tyres are
         | placed and secured into place, the car is dropped, the lane is
         | checked for traffic, and then the car can move. There are
         | thousands of permutations of how to get this right and that
         | fast. And accuracy is important: get it wrong there is a risk
         | of injury at worst, or a fine for an unsafe release at best.
         | 
         | ICU is obviously important in a different way. You can't really
         | "experiment". Iteration needs data. So you need to go out and
         | learn what good looks like from different disciplines, and then
         | carefully plan the changes you want to make and get buy-in. Get
         | it wrong, and people die. Best case scenario you're struck off,
         | worst case you're going to prison for murder.
         | 
         | In dev speak, F1 can afford to be agile, ICUs need to be
         | waterfall.
         | 
         | But because F1 needs to be precise and they perceive the
         | dangers of imprecision so acutely from a monetary perspective
         | (where you finish in the Worldwide Constructors Championship
         | directly affects the profitability and viability of the team),
         | they want to borrow ideas too.
         | 
         | It sounds ridiculous that surgeons and F1 garages would have so
         | much to talk about, but it turns out, they really do feed ideas
         | off each other sometimes.
        
       | dbgrman wrote:
       | I'm curious how the OP got to this PDF document... like what were
       | they researching? searching? how?
        
         | sturza wrote:
         | It was an anecdote or a story shared on HN eariler this year.
        
           | zimpenfish wrote:
           | There's a (TED talk?) reel been doing the rounds the last
           | couple of days. One of those "interest dies down, someone
           | finds it again, shares it, there's a new bloom of viral
           | interest, repeat until heat death" things.
        
         | celticninja wrote:
         | I actually heard this from my wife who is working with GOSH and
         | related a version of this to me. So I was really grateful to be
         | able to read the proper analysis.
        
       | alexpotato wrote:
       | There is a precedent for organizations from wildly different
       | industries meeting and sharing thoughts, lessons learned and
       | procedures.
       | 
       | Some cases that come to mind:
       | 
       | - The United States Marine Corps spent time with New York City
       | Fire Department. The USMC was interested to know how the FDNY
       | managed radio communications, chaotic environments and co-
       | ordinating teams from different departments in an urban
       | environment
       | 
       | - In one of the Gladwell books he mentions getting financial
       | traders and generals together to play military simulation games.
       | The idea being that the traders were used to dealing with streams
       | of fast moving information and they had to quickly decided what
       | to do next.
        
       | raphman wrote:
       | Some more sources I saved recently after learning about Elliott's
       | work:
       | 
       | The original paper by Catchpole et al. (2006):
       | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1460-9592.2006...
       | 
       | A quite interesting lecture on the whole project, given by
       | Elliott in a racecar driver's suit:
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZeMGrHcfRjY
       | 
       | Annotated transcript of the talk available here:
       | https://www.gresham.ac.uk/watch-now/formula-1-and-its-contri...
       | 
       | A WSJ article from 2006: A Hospital Races To Learn Lessons Of
       | Ferrari Pit Stop:
       | http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB116346916169622261 (archived copy:
       | https://archive.is/xEbio)
       | 
       | Times article from 2024: The surgeon who used F1 pitstop
       | techniques to save lives of babies:
       | https://www.thetimes.com/sport/formula-one/article/professor...
       | (archived copy: https://archive.is/1iGXK)
        
         | raphman wrote:
         | I found this quote from the paper by Catchpole et al. quite
         | important:
         | 
         |  _" Whilst it is encouraging that analogies from other
         | industries with longstanding cultures of safety and reliability
         | may be extrapolated, it is also important to recognize the
         | unique demands of health care. One crucial difference that
         | emerged was that Formula 1 and aviation both have a relatively
         | stable workforce, with minimal staff turnover. For example, out
         | of about 20 members of a pit team, only one or two members
         | change annually. In contrast, turnover of staff in health care
         | is far higher, with six residents rotating every 3 months in
         | the study unit, and a nurse turnover of approximately 10%."_
        
           | colechristensen wrote:
           | Turnover could also be seen as an addressable problem.
           | "People are dying because of poor staff retention and
           | rotation practices" this could be studied and improved upon.
           | 
           | A novel mechanism would be for a patient suing a hospital for
           | malpractice for failing to retain nursing staff which it
           | seems could be proven to be linked to worse outcomes. And
           | when it comes to it, liability lawsuits are an adequate last
           | resort to push back against hospitals cutting corners with
           | staffing levels and staff pay when it comes to nurses.
        
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