[HN Gopher] CRISPR fungus: Protein-packed, sustainable, and tast...
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       CRISPR fungus: Protein-packed, sustainable, and tastes like meat
        
       Author : rguiscard
       Score  : 287 points
       Date   : 2025-12-12 00:59 UTC (22 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.isaaa.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.isaaa.org)
        
       | SapporoChris wrote:
       | They've altered Fusarium venenatum which is currently what Quorn
       | utilizes in its products. "The production process of gene-edited
       | MP is more environmentally friendly than chicken meat and cell-
       | cultured meat." That's good news, if they get to the point where
       | it is more economically friendly than chicken meat it will be
       | great news.
        
         | shrubble wrote:
         | There's little chance that the statement is true. Chickens kept
         | in a backyard can live on bugs and kitchen scraps and there's
         | no delivery cost for eggs or eventual meat.
        
           | truekonrads wrote:
           | This is not how the overwhelming majority of chickens live -
           | they live in high intensity farm operations in horrible
           | conditions
        
           | asterix_pano wrote:
           | That is not how most of the chicken is raised (over 70
           | billions are slaughtered per year).
        
           | Certhas wrote:
           | If all the meat you eat is from chicken raised in your
           | backyard , that's environmentally perfect.
           | 
           | In the US per capita chicken consumption is 100 pounds per
           | year.
        
             | johanvts wrote:
             | Thats about 45kg, I wish I had that average American
             | backyard.
        
           | tdb7893 wrote:
           | A negligible fraction of chicken production is backyard
           | operations. Any quote talking about chicken production is
           | referencing how they are actually produced, which is
           | generally huge industrialized farms (often hundreds of
           | thousands to millions of birds a year).
        
           | exe34 wrote:
           | how big is your backyard?
        
           | swiftcoder wrote:
           | Back of the envelope, for a family of 4 eating US quantities
           | of chicken... you need to be slaughtering ~100 chickens per
           | year. In a homesteading setting it usually takes a chicken
           | about 12 weeks to reach slaughter weight, so you need to be
           | raising a minimum of 25 at any time.
           | 
           | That's a pretty substantial backyard operation.
        
             | _dark_matter_ wrote:
             | Wild to think that there's 6-7 chickens for every human in
             | America at all times
        
               | swiftcoder wrote:
               | In commercial operations they are also raising chickens
               | much faster - maybe only 6 weeks for a meat chicken, so
               | you only need half as many at any one time
        
             | vintermann wrote:
             | If everyone had backyard chicken operations on that scale,
             | I suspect we'd have a lot more disease problems!
             | Decentralized isn't necessarily better for disease, if the
             | overall scale stays the same.
             | 
             | At least where I live, you can't have chickens in quite the
             | same way our great-grandparents had. You need to comply
             | with veterinary regulation for one, and for good reasons.
        
               | a96 wrote:
               | If every yard in a town or city was full of chickens, I
               | wouldn't call it decentralized. Just one very broad
               | centre.
        
               | K0balt wrote:
               | Or you could just call it the developing world lol. It's
               | very common in many places.
        
             | literalAardvark wrote:
             | That's... Not too bad, actually. My grandmothers used to
             | have maybe 8 chickens and 12 ducks or so. They were very
             | low maintenance, and had very minimal pastures, with the
             | only difficult to reproduce part of the process being that
             | the houses were in fairly wild surroundings.
             | 
             | They would probably need more pasture in monoculture
             | hellholes that have cornfields for 100km in each direction.
        
               | swiftcoder wrote:
               | Yeah, the real question is whether they can forage enough
               | food in this kind of scenario. Without supplementary
               | grain, they are going to need a whole lot of insects to
               | grow that quickly...
        
               | literalAardvark wrote:
               | Well, no, they won't be able to forage enough if it's a
               | small pasture. They do need extra feed.
               | 
               | I'm guessing that the more you do to get them forage the
               | better the meat and eggs will be, for instance larger
               | pasture and making sure your other animals leave plenty
               | of dung around.
        
             | Brendinooo wrote:
             | I did ~100 chickens last year, and more like 85 this year.
             | 
             | 12 weeks is incorrect, you can buy the same Cornish crosses
             | that the big farms use. So they can be ready in as little
             | as 6-7 weeks but I usually stretch it to 8 or 9; my time to
             | process them is fixed so I might as well get a little bit
             | more meat for my efforts.
             | 
             | I use a chicken tractor that is big enough to let me hold
             | about 33 at a time.
             | 
             | So it's an operation that needs to run for about half the
             | year. If you time it right, you can work around vacations
             | and stuff. Daily operations are actually pretty minimal in
             | terms of time spent, but you do lose three weekends a year
             | to process them if you don't outsource that.
             | 
             | All of that to say: I'm not sure if I want to agree with
             | your characterization. It's less of a time commitment than
             | you think. But there is a substantial cost to it all:
             | capital costs are notable and the cost of feed and birds is
             | such that you basically break even against high-end organic
             | products for sale. You're always going to look at the
             | Costco chicken and wonder why you are doing it. I treat it
             | as a "touch grass" hobby that kinda breaks even.
             | 
             | No real point, just excited to have something to say about
             | this haha
        
               | swiftcoder wrote:
               | > the cost of feed
               | 
               | Note that in the scenario I was responding to, they are
               | arguing for input-neutral chickens, so they can't just
               | buy in feed, and have all the complications of
               | maintaining their feed source as well
               | 
               | Average household probably isn't going to produce enough
               | food scraps to feed 25+ chickens (we've done it in the
               | past, but we had a restaurant kitchen to supply the food
               | scraps)
        
               | Brendinooo wrote:
               | Oh, for sure, good point. Meatbirds are crazy eaters. One
               | of my batches this year ate 500lb of feed to yield 160lb
               | of carcass weight.
        
               | YeGoblynQueenne wrote:
               | >> You're always going to look at the Costco chicken and
               | wonder why you are doing it.
               | 
               | It depends. My friend's dad has chickens and the meat is
               | tough and grey-dark, very much not like the supermarket
               | white and soft meat. Also the meat tastes of... chicken;
               | I guess. And you can see even the bones are significantly
               | harder (I can't snap them with my fingers like the
               | supermarket chickens' bones). I always assumed this is
               | because of the way they're raised, allowed to roam freely
               | (within an enclosure, but it's a big one) and feed on
               | scraps and everything they can forage for, in addition to
               | grain.
               | 
               | What does your chickens' meat look and taste like? If
               | it's the same as supermarket chicken then, I don't know,
               | but if it's the other kind then it's definitely worth it.
               | Although it takes a couple hours cooking to soften it :)
        
               | Brendinooo wrote:
               | It looks like supermarket chicken. I tried something more
               | like a heritage breed once but I have young children who
               | want massive white meat chicken breasts, so that's what
               | I'm doing for now.
               | 
               | But I will say, when you buy chicken at the grocery
               | store, the quality can vary. Mine has always been good.
        
               | YeGoblynQueenne wrote:
               | >> I tried something more like a heritage breed once but
               | I have young children who want massive white meat chicken
               | breasts, so that's what I'm doing for now.
               | 
               | Heh. Over here (UK and the rest of Europe I reckon) the
               | kids love chicken thighs. Acquired tastes eh?
        
               | Sharlin wrote:
               | They're simply completely different breeds. Factory-
               | farmed supermarket broiler breeds are optimized for
               | producing as much bland, white meat as possible in as
               | short time as possible. Everything else, like the ability
               | to walk, is secondary, they're never getting enough space
               | to walk anyway in their two-month life.
               | 
               | Breeds optimized to egg-laying are an entirely separate
               | category, and they don't produce much meat, and the meat
               | is... different, as you described. Apparently some hybrid
               | breeds are also available for backyard meat+egg co-
               | production. I don't know what their meat is like.
               | 
               | People didn't really eat that much chicken meat before
               | the 70s, at least in the West. Wouldn't have been even
               | possible to consume this much chicken meat, before these
               | fast-growing breeds and industrial-scale farms.
        
             | lm28469 wrote:
             | Well that's how we lived for thousands of year, we only eat
             | so much meat now because of the insane industrial processes
             | we developed around animals.
        
           | jrjeksjd8d wrote:
           | Americans simply need to release chickens into the urban
           | environment the way they released domesticated pigeons. Soon
           | any swift child will be able to catch a feral chicken and
           | break it's neck on the way home from school, providing
           | protein for the whole family.
        
           | Brendinooo wrote:
           | Chicken used to be a very expensive meat when they were
           | treated like this. It didn't become the cheapest meat until
           | the 1990s, and that's because of the massive efforts that
           | were put into creating the Cornish cross breed and raising
           | them at scale.
        
         | buu700 wrote:
         | Neurospora crassa is also pretty good. Meati sells slabs of it.
        
         | Flere-Imsaho wrote:
         | I would love to eat meat free alternatives. Quorn gives me IBS.
         | Same with the highly processed meat free "meat". Beans are my
         | basic goto for protein plus eggs.
        
           | Semaphor wrote:
           | Have you tried dehydrated granules from 90% pea protein, 10%
           | jackfruit? It has no weird additional ingredients besides
           | those two and for my wife and I has replaced ground beef
           | except for burgers
        
             | lukas099 wrote:
             | Where do you even get that? I don't think I've ever seen
             | it.
        
               | Semaphor wrote:
               | I get the brand Lotao, but they are German (also
               | available in UK IIRC). Our drug store DM also has a house
               | brand of it. I assumed that if there are 2, there are
               | probably more elsewhere ;)
        
               | Flere-Imsaho wrote:
               | This one?
               | 
               | https://www.lotao.com/en/pages/english
        
               | Semaphor wrote:
               | Yeah that's the one, I have it on subscription, 1kg/2
               | months (about 3kg of finished product)
               | 
               | But considering the simplicity of the product, I assume
               | any brand will be very similar.
        
           | lm28469 wrote:
           | Seitan is pretty good, otherwise soy based things like tofu
           | and tempeh can be extremely tasty. The highly processed shit
           | is probably as bad as highly processed meat so I avoid it
           | too.
        
           | _DeadFred_ wrote:
           | I've been making Socca from chickpea flour and using that for
           | my pizza crusts, in case you need new ways to consume bean
           | protein. Super quick and easy to whip up.
        
         | ggm wrote:
         | I was coming to write about Quorn. I wondered if it was in the
         | family because Quorn is an industrialised bioreactor process.
         | This should translate over, unless weakened cell walls make for
         | a process unfriendly change.
        
         | jcfrei wrote:
         | The farming lobby will try to ban it as soon as it becomes a
         | viable alternative to poultry. I hope consumers will have the
         | awareness to fight back.
        
           | YurgenJurgensen wrote:
           | The feedstock has to come from somewhere, right? I'm assuming
           | many farmers would prefer feeding it into stable vats of
           | algae or fungus than dealing with the risks of another
           | epidemic-induced chicken cull.
        
             | Ericson2314 wrote:
             | Fungus probably needs more much too, because no
             | photosynthesis.
        
             | lm28469 wrote:
             | > I'm assuming many farmers would prefer feeding it into
             | stable vats of algae or fungus than dealing with the risks
             | of another epidemic-induced chicken cull.
             | 
             | Many farmers don't have the financial means to redesign
             | their entire pipeline to move from birds to fungus.
             | "farming" is in the name but I also suspect there is
             | nothing in common between raising chicken in cages and
             | mushrooms in sterile containers in term of know-how,
             | maintenance, &c.
        
               | YurgenJurgensen wrote:
               | Factory farms consume far more feed than they can grow on
               | site though, so the real power isn't in the chicken
               | farmers, it's the ones growing chicken feed, and they're
               | probably used to switching crops to suit market demands.
               | 
               | And the farmers who do grow their own feed are probably
               | smaller operations targeting higher quality meat than
               | factory-farmed chicken, so they're not the ones that vat-
               | grown meat-substitutes would be competing with.
        
             | zardo wrote:
             | They would probably prefer that their expertise and massive
             | investments in infrastructure for raising chickens isn't
             | made worthless.
        
             | thinkcontext wrote:
             | Looks like the feed is 95% glucose derived from corn
             | starch[1]. They claim to have 1/4 the carbon footprint of
             | chicken[2].
             | 
             | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusarium_venenatum
             | 
             | [2] https://eathealthy365.com/quorn-vs-meat-
             | the-2025-environment...
        
           | nozzlegear wrote:
           | Alternatively, one of the poultry meat giants will just buy
           | it and produce it themselves so they can capture the
           | vegan/vegetarian market too. Why compete when you can
           | consolidate?
        
       | chasil wrote:
       | I had vaguely remembered that chitin was equivalent to cellulose
       | in our inability to digest. The article addresses it:
       | 
       | "The first modification, eliminating a gene for chitin synthase,
       | resulted in thinner fungal cell walls."
       | 
       | This also has an enormous potential benefit of reducing avian flu
       | and other zoonotic bird diseases.
        
         | boxed wrote:
         | > This also has an enormous potential benefit of reducing avian
         | flu and other zoonotic bird diseases.
         | 
         | How?
        
           | curtisf wrote:
           | By replacing (some) farmed meat with farmed fungi protein.
           | 
           | Although it's theoretically possible for a disease to infect
           | both fungus and animals, because the biology is so different,
           | the risk is greatly, greatly reduced.
           | 
           | In addition, it may be possible to reduce the use of
           | treatments such as antibiotics which, in their currently mass
           | application to farmed animals, could directly lead to the
           | development of antibiotic resistant in diseases which affect
           | humans and animals.
        
             | brnt wrote:
             | Plus, chucking the contents of a few biotanks in case of
             | infection is a hell of a lot better than having to kill and
             | waste millions of birds.
             | 
             | I mean, industrial slaughter isn't a pretty process, even
             | in better plants, which most aren't, but where they come to
             | wipe out the barn, they're not putting animal welfare
             | first.
        
         | aitchnyu wrote:
         | Fish foods with chitin is marketed as roughage.
         | 
         | for humans, does shellfish allergy (tropomyosin and other
         | proteins) diagnosis imply chitin allergy?
        
       | VladVladikoff wrote:
       | If the goal is reduced CO2, wouldn't it be better to take aim at
       | plants, rather than fungi?
        
         | kalessin wrote:
         | Why? I am not sure photosynthesis plays a large role in the
         | lower carbon footprint.
        
           | VladVladikoff wrote:
           | Fungi produce CO2 and sequester O2.
        
         | otabdeveloper4 wrote:
         | > If the goal is reduced CO2
         | 
         | ... let's start on tearing down bullshit AI datacenters.
         | 
         | Oh no, a billion Nvidia cards are envronmentally friendly, you
         | say, better to lazer-focus on the cow farts?
        
           | ragequittah wrote:
           | The cow farts, the important forests being torn down far
           | cattle, the important forests being torn down for soy beans
           | that feed the cattle, the inhumane conditions in which the
           | cattle are raised. The problem you dismissed is indeed far
           | larger than the one you're worried about.
        
             | mos87 wrote:
             | >the important forests being torn down far cattle
             | 
             | It's a bit extreme to refer to that "climate" summit
             | "guests" as cattle, but I won't deny it gave me a chuckle.
             | 
             | >the inhumane conditions in which the cattle are raised
             | 
             | Gosh, that's sad. One way to go about it is to vote with
             | your hard-earned and only buy meat from the Ethically
             | Raised in the Swiss Alps Cows that look quite happy on the
             | photos then.
        
               | kleiba wrote:
               | No need to be snarky, a lot of people are already
               | implementing such changes in the way the buy and consume
               | food.
        
               | mos87 wrote:
               | Amsterdam or Portland? Anyway, you're welcome to munch
               | grass (we're not made for that), eat bugs, and wash em
               | down with beetroot smoothies.
               | 
               | While billions of Asians would farm and devour everything
               | they can get their teeth on.
        
               | asterix_pano wrote:
               | Did you know they put nose rings with spikes on the calfs
               | so they don't drink their mother's milk? https://as1.ftcd
               | n.net/jpg/03/06/17/72/1000_F_306177230_izPAv...
        
               | clort wrote:
               | what is the context for this photo please? (that is not a
               | calf btw?)
               | 
               | It certainly does not look very nice, are you relating
               | this to the "Ethically Raised in the Swiss Alps Cows" in
               | the comment you replied to?
               | 
               | In truth, they just take the calves away from the mothers
               | after a short while, ship them out to the abbatoir. There
               | is no benefit to them being in the same enclosure with a
               | spiky nose ring, it seems that this must have a different
               | purpose than the one you mentioned.
        
               | swiftcoder wrote:
               | I suggest reading/listening a little bit outside of the
               | PETA propaganda bubble. For example, here's a good short
               | discussion on the topic with a cattle farmer:
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n4cHn6NX4wQ
        
               | YeGoblynQueenne wrote:
               | Just for some context, is the guy on the left with the
               | white shirt a vegan who however supports ethical farming
               | practices or did I get totally the wrong impression?
        
               | swiftcoder wrote:
               | I believe he was a vegan for a long time, but has since
               | started eating some ethically-farmed meat
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | > Gosh, that's sad. One way to go about it is to vote
               | with your hard-earned and only buy meat from the
               | Ethically Raised in the Swiss Alps Cows that look quite
               | happy on the photos then.
               | 
               | In a discussion about genetically modified fungus as a
               | meat substitute?
        
             | otabdeveloper4 wrote:
             | Meat is useful. "AI" datacenters are 100% harm in every
             | possible way. Let's start with that.
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | Meat _was_ useful, back when we had not yet selectively
               | bred fantastically better than natural crops of all
               | kinds, back when we had not yet invented synthetic
               | fertiliser that 's now the ultimate source of 70-80% of
               | the nitrogen in the body of someone in an industrialised
               | nation, back when hunger was a bigger problem than
               | obesity.
               | 
               | Now? Now meat's mostly a problem, not a good thing. Even
               | if you ignore every ethical argument, regardless of if
               | your concerns are your own health or the environment,
               | meat's not good.
               | 
               | Data centres... well, I think this is a bubble, I also
               | want it to be a bubble for various reasons, but the AI
               | running on them today is in fact already useful.
               | 
               | Even if current AI wasn't at all useful (despite it
               | having about half to one quarter of the market size as
               | meat already), it does so at a cost orders of magnitude
               | lower environmental harm than meat. Convincing half of
               | the population to have "meat-free Mondays" (so, reducing
               | consumption by 1/14th) would do more than switching off
               | all the AI DCs, given the estimates from Greenpeace for
               | AI https://www.greenpeace.de/publikationen/20250514-green
               | peace-... and Our World In Data's estimates for livestock
               | and manure https://ourworldindata.org/ghg-emissions-by-
               | sector
        
               | otabdeveloper4 wrote:
               | > it does so at a cost orders of magnitude lower
               | environmental harm than meat
               | 
               | Thanks for the quip. Does this come from a Big AI talking
               | points memo?
               | 
               | Judging by the ridiculous and absolutely non-sequitur
               | "one quarter of the market size" phrase, yeah, I think
               | so.
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | > Does this come from a Big AI talking points memo?
               | 
               | It comes from the evidence I linked you to.
               | 
               | Which includes, to repeat, * _Greenpeace_ *.
               | 
               | Also to repeat: I think this is a bubble, I also want it
               | to be a bubble for various reasons.
               | 
               | As in, I do not buy into Big AI's talking points about
               | how this is "it", and we're on a path to radical AI-based
               | abundance. Not yet. Plus I think it would be bad even if
               | we were on that track at this point, so I want it to be
               | "not it".
               | 
               | > ridiculous
               | 
               | The global meat market is around 1.5 trillion USD, give
               | or take. That is literally the value of meat, which like
               | all things in a free economic sector can be measured in
               | money.
               | 
               | You may also notice from me saying that AI is 0.5-0.25 of
               | that, that I'm _not_ using  "Market Cap" of AI in this
               | comparison. Market cap != market size. This is about what
               | revenue AI and meat gets per year.
        
               | Symmetry wrote:
               | I'll be the first to cheer if we get rid of industrial
               | agriculture but there's an awful lot of land in the world
               | that doesn't receive enough rain for farming but which is
               | still fine grazing land and when used for grazing still
               | supports most of its original ecology. And there's a lot
               | of damaged, blemished, etc produce that pigs are happy to
               | eat but which can't be sold in a supermarket.
               | 
               | I'd like to see meat consumption to something like half
               | to a quarter of its current level rather than eliminate
               | it outright.
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | OK, but (1) also a lot of good land is being used to feed
               | livestock, the biomass of livestock is quite a bit higher
               | than the biomass of humans; and (2) even reducing it just
               | by a quarter is several times more than the combined
               | impact of all the AI data centres.
        
           | curtisf wrote:
           | Livestock emits between 10% to 20% of global greenhouse gases
           | (in carbon equivalent/100y-GWP) [1]
           | 
           | In contrast, all data centers (not just AI) currently use
           | less than 1.5% of all electricity, making up less than 0.3%
           | of global emissions [2]. Although recent increases in data
           | center electricity usage is lamentable, even in the short
           | term future, much of this can and more importantly _will_ be
           | low-carbon energy, and the ratio should continue to improve
           | with time.
           | 
           | A 1% reduction in livestock emissions is therefore about the
           | same as a 50% reduction in data center emissions.
           | 
           | [1]: https://thebreakthrough.org/issues/food-agriculture-
           | environm...
           | 
           | [2]: https://www.carbon-direct.com/insights/understanding-
           | the-car...
        
         | vkou wrote:
         | No, because if you're directly eating whatever is being grown,
         | the carbon is in a closed cycle. (Feedstock -> Your food -> You
         | -> Air you exhale -> Plants turn it into feedstock.)
         | 
         | CO2 is not really a 'sustainability' problem for food
         | production, because food production and consumption is steady
         | state.[1] Methane is somewhat of a problem (Because it's a
         | potent greenhouse gas that is not part of the food chain, but
         | does eventually break down), but also eventually reaches a
         | steady state, where you add emit it as quickly as it breaks
         | down.
         | 
         | The bigger sustainability problem for food production comes
         | from non-steady-state, non-reversible actions. Burning down a
         | rainforest to permanently turn it into pasture[1]. Overfarming
         | a plot of land, and exhausting all the nutrients from it.
         | 
         | ----
         | 
         | [1] Using fossil-fuel diesel-powered machinery to grow,
         | harvest, and transport food, however, is _not steady-state_.
         | That _is_ a sustainability issue for food production.
         | Fortunately, it 's a very small part of overall human GHG
         | emissions.
         | 
         | [2] Do enough of that, and this is irreversible - you can't
         | ever turn that pasture back into rainforest, because you need
         | existing rainforest to bootstrap new rainforest.
        
       | notepad0x90 wrote:
       | meet tastes great and all, but I wonder where science is at (if
       | at all) on making original food that tastes good. How about food
       | that doesn't taste like any natural food we've had, but still
       | tastes really good?
       | 
       | Jell-o (gello?) is a good example, nothing tastes like it
       | naturally. Why aren't there tasty food that are original in terms
       | of taste and texture but good for health and the environment? I
       | suppose part of the struggle is that food is entrenched into
       | culture so much. burgers and bbq are inextricable from july 4th
       | and memorial day for example.
        
         | Vanit wrote:
         | Like you said I think it's culture, particularly ones that are
         | food oriented. It's gonna be hard to get buy-in if people think
         | it's too weird.
        
         | isodev wrote:
         | > doesn't taste like any natural food
         | 
         | Remember the target audience - people would rather drink and
         | die from raw milk than get a shot for a completely preventable
         | sickness.
        
           | cwillu wrote:
           | I have all my shots and drink pasteurized milk, and I prefer
           | familiar chicken-like substances over experimental cuisine.
        
         | awestroke wrote:
         | The trouble is that "tastes good" isn't a blank canvas. It's
         | built on hardwired signals plus learned associations. Our basic
         | tastes evolved as nutritional indicators: sweet signals energy,
         | umami signals protein, bitter warns of potential toxins. And
         | our brains are rather insistent about finding flavors more
         | pleasant when they match patterns we've already learned are
         | safe.
         | 
         | Jell-O actually proves this rather than refuting it. It
         | succeeds because it hits that hardwired sweet preference, not
         | because it invented some novel taste dimension. A truly new
         | taste that doesn't map onto the existing five basics would
         | likely register as "off" rather than delicious. Your brain
         | wouldn't know what to do with it, nutritionally speaking.
         | 
         | So you'd have to either work within those existing taste
         | channels while creating novel combinations and textures, or
         | somehow condition people to associate genuinely new sensations
         | with safety and reward. The latter is slow going. We're quite
         | literally built to be suspicious of unfamiliar foods.
        
           | tsimionescu wrote:
           | > A truly new taste that doesn't map onto the existing five
           | basics would likely register as "off" rather than delicious.
           | Your brain wouldn't know what to do with it, nutritionally
           | speaking.
           | 
           | We have five taste receptors, so it's it's actually
           | impossible to get something that doesn't map unto those five.
           | Instead, what we call the taste of food, and what GP was
           | referring to, is actually the smell of food, or more
           | commonly, its aroma, which we can detect both from the
           | outside by sniffing it with our noses, and while it is in our
           | mouths via molecules wafting up to our respiratory tract.
           | 
           | Unlike the simplicity of taste, we have a huge array of smell
           | receptors, with most of them having much more indirect
           | associations, if any, with any specific survival need. It's
           | very much possible, and in fact quite common, to synthesize
           | novel smells/aromas which don't resemble any natural food.
        
             | 9dev wrote:
             | > Unlike the simplicity of taste, we have a huge array of
             | smell receptors, with most of them having much more
             | indirect associations
             | 
             | Slightly unrelated, but what I find very cool is thinking
             | about your taste sense as a hyper-sensitive molecule
             | detector. Individual aromas are just the signal your brain
             | generates for different kinds of molecules, and it's very
             | good at that. That's why at wine tastings, for example,
             | people come up with all these elaborate terms for specific
             | aromas--it's a way to name the molecule composition.
        
             | foobiekr wrote:
             | Agreed.
             | 
             | A good example might be one that came up recently (on
             | "Tasting History") is musk, which tastes of and has the
             | bouquet of laundry detergent, or basil (which if you eat it
             | plain and in isolation has a bizarre chemical flavor and
             | bouquet), etc.
        
           | majkinetor wrote:
           | > Your brain wouldn't know what to do with it, nutritionally
           | speaking.
           | 
           | At first. If the food has nutrients that are important to the
           | brain, it will recognize that in the future. There are animal
           | experiment confirming this.
        
             | Nevermark wrote:
             | The term "acquired taste" quite literally means this.
             | 
             | We don't link a sensation initially, until our mind
             | associates it with feeling good in some way. Then we like
             | it.
        
           | notepad0x90 wrote:
           | I was not suggesting inventing a new fundamental taste but
           | new foods that are unlike existing foods. "meat" is not a
           | taste for example. I can't give you an example, because
           | that's the whole point, someone needs to experiment and find
           | out. But the fundamental tastes like sweet and umami will
           | remain of course.
        
         | dkbrk wrote:
         | Your question is rather ambiguous. Do you mean using chemistry
         | to develop new techniques or combine unusual ingredients to
         | create food that has novel flavors or textures? That would fall
         | under Molecular Gastronomy, which has been highly influential
         | within fine dining in the last few decades.
         | 
         | Do you mean processing ingredients with the goal to take cheap
         | ingredients and make a product as hyper-palatable as possible?
         | That would generally be called "ultra-processed food"; you're
         | not going to find a Doritos chip in nature.
         | 
         | Do you mean developing completely completely new flavors via
         | chemical synthesis? I don't think there's much possibility
         | there. Our senses have evolved to detect compounds found in
         | nature, so it's unlikely a synthetic compound can produce a
         | flavor completely unlike anything found in nature.
         | 
         | Also, I think you're overestimating jelly. Gelatine is just a
         | breakdown product of collagen. Boil animal connective tissue,
         | purify the gelatine, add sugar and flavoring and set it into a
         | gel. It's really only a few of techniques removed from nature.
         | If you want to say it's not found in nature, then fair enough,
         | but neither is a medium-rare steak.
        
           | notepad0x90 wrote:
           | I mean using chemistry to create food using atypical
           | ingredients that aren't normally classified as food or
           | entirely synthetic. Take more simpler or more abundant
           | compounds to create original food instead of using plants and
           | wildlife. Flavors don't need to be new, but as others
           | mentioned there are plenty of recently invented flavors.
           | Doritos is ultra-processed corn, what i'm saying is Doritos
           | but there is no corn involved. The original article is about
           | meat-like food, I was saying "why meat-like" , if it is food
           | that has similar taste like meat, that's fine, but it doesn't
           | need to be like meat, it just needs to taste good and have
           | palatable texture. Maybe we can have something tastes better
           | than meat!
        
         | edent wrote:
         | There are plenty of "synthetic" flavours - Takis, Twinkies, and
         | bubblegum drinks spring to mind.
         | 
         | There are also a wide variety of textures that are heavily
         | industrialised. If you go to some fine dining restaurants,
         | you'll find smells and colours which you simply cannot
         | replicate at home - let alone make from scratch.
         | 
         | Most synthetic meat and fish is really just a flavour carrier
         | for whatever sauce people like. I've had imitation chicken,
         | shrimp, beef, crab, etc. They all taste great - but that's
         | mostly because the sauces are the same as their meaty
         | counterparts.
        
           | qingcharles wrote:
           | Right. Chicken is more of a texture than a flavor. When you
           | buy a Spicy Zinger Burger from KFC you're tasting more of the
           | zingy than the cluck-cluck.
        
             | dentalnanobot wrote:
             | The chicken that KFC uses, sure. There's a huge difference
             | between that and a chicken that's been raised well and
             | allowed to get to a sensible age before slaughter.
        
         | h-c-c wrote:
         | I'd argue that Jell-o tastes good because sugar tastes good and
         | that it's just the novel texture coupled with sweetness that is
         | the attraction. I doubt many people know what unsweetened
         | gelatin tastes like or if that even tastes good.
        
         | bcoates wrote:
         | The taste/texture of jello is just collagen (roughly, "meat
         | stew flavor"), fruit juice, and (tons of) sugar. It's just an
         | extremely heightened version of natural flavors. There is
         | nothing new under the sun.
        
           | anon84873628 wrote:
           | Not to mention that "nothing tastes like it naturally" is
           | false. Plenty of fruits have a jelly like consistency,
           | they're just not common in the modern western world. Consider
           | ripe persimmons, caimito, or abiu. Jelly palm and quince are
           | cooked into literal jelly. Further afield you also have aloe
           | leaf and cooked nopal.
        
         | Certhas wrote:
         | I find this highly annoying. Here we've had very tasty wheat
         | based slices that can serve the same purpose as sliced
         | salami/meats on bread, and didn't try to muck anything in
         | particular. But they disappeared from the shelves while the
         | stuff branded as Vegan Salami seemingly does well.
         | 
         | I guess for casual buyers having a familiar reference point is
         | just crucial.
        
           | throwaway808081 wrote:
           | That's because 166.2% of the population are allergic to
           | wheat.
        
           | refactor_master wrote:
           | The crusade against gluten probably did it. Tofu lives as un-
           | refrigerated grey blobs and tempeh never even made it to the
           | shelf, probably because of hormone-disrupting soybeans. But
           | hyper-engineered single cell _meat_? Now that'll sell.
        
             | NoGravitas wrote:
             | Tempeh is pretty common at health food stores. More common
             | than seitan, less common than tofu.
        
           | gs17 wrote:
           | This is really frustrating to me, it's hard to find seitan
           | outside of Chinese shaokao (BBQ skewers) restaurants. There's
           | a local brand of wheat-meat that even runs a deli that's
           | pretty good, but people are so afraid of gluten.
        
         | aydyn wrote:
         | Jello doesnt really have much taste by itself. what youre
         | tasting is mostly sugar.
        
           | globular-toast wrote:
           | Plus small amounts of perfumes similar to fruits or other
           | bits of plants, usually.
        
         | sp4nner wrote:
         | You may be interested in the biotech startup Oobli
         | <https://oobli.com/>. They're attempting to commercialize a
         | protein-based sweetener, where the protein itself is
         | interacting with your taste receptors and registering as
         | 'sweet'.
         | 
         | The technology is based on some naturally occurring proteins
         | from fruit native to West Africa, but I'd say the idea of sweet
         | things that are good for you is pretty novel!
        
       | SilentM68 wrote:
       | When I hear the word fungus, I think of "The Last of US" ;(
        
         | Bad_Initialism wrote:
         | The association is undiminshed by their web server being down.
         | Uh oh.
        
         | brnt wrote:
         | That would make for a great spinoff: farm the infected for
         | food!
        
           | SilentM68 wrote:
           | It seems that when the apocalypse finally arrives, I will
           | skip the Michelin stars and go straight to nightmare cuisine.
           | 
           | Soylent Green is People, too!
           | 
           | Sighhh, Sol Roth ;)
        
       | fithisux wrote:
       | For chickens you do not have to pay license fees for the CRISPR
       | technology.
       | 
       | This is a huge disadvantage. Not every farmer is a biological
       | research institute.
        
         | swiftcoder wrote:
         | We already have licensing fees for GMO seeds. Can't be all that
         | long before they CRISPR an actual chicken breed, and start
         | charging licensing fees for those as well.
        
       | anotherpaul wrote:
       | The paper linked in the article:
       | https://www.cell.com/trends/biotechnology/abstract/S0167-779...
        
       | akoboldfrying wrote:
       | "Pleasant taste; some monsterism."
        
       | anotherpaul wrote:
       | While the paper is behind a pay wall, the abstract highlights
       | that they used knock out gene editing, meaning this is not a GMO
       | of the old days, with trans genes, but a mkdifcation one could
       | have achieved with classical breeding if given enough time and
       | resources.
       | 
       | If I understand this right, this would even in the EU now be
       | allowed to be sold without the GMO label.
        
         | aydyn wrote:
         | Technically, any gene sequence can be achieved with enough time
         | and resources. Thats what evolution is afterall. Using CRISPR
         | but not labelling it as genetically modified seems pretty wild,
         | but then again EU does have some funky regulations.
        
           | fsckboy wrote:
           | > _Technically, any gene sequence can be achieved with enough
           | time and resources._
           | 
           | not in a meaningful way, no. the probability that a new
           | mutation you want will occur is much much lower than the
           | probability you can breed offspring without a gene that's
           | already in the bloodline.
        
             | viciousvoxel wrote:
             | Once a desirable sequence modification is identified
             | through artificial means, what is often done in practice is
             | to simply expose samples of the organism to UV until the
             | desired sequence appears "naturally." The output of this
             | process is not typically considered GMO, at least for
             | regulatory purposes.
        
               | ACCount37 wrote:
               | Which you can do for knockouts, but not for the "splice
               | in a new gene 400BP long".
        
       | airstrike wrote:
       | Classic belter fare
        
         | rubyfan wrote:
         | Fut beltalowda
        
         | anon84873628 wrote:
         | Or those living in the Caves of Steel!
        
       | dbcooper wrote:
       | A key limiting factor for dietary use of single cell protein is
       | the high mass fraction of nucleic acid, which limits daily
       | consumption due to uric acid production during metabolism. High
       | rates of RNA synthesis are unfortunately necessary for high
       | protein productivity.
       | 
       | The paper notes:
       | 
       | >It is important to note that MP products often contain elevated
       | levels of nucleic acids, constituting ~8% of the dry weight [17],
       | which necessitates consideration when assessing their suitability
       | for human consumption. To address this, a heat treatment process
       | is employed at the end of fermentation that reduces the nucleic
       | acid content in the fermented biomass to below 0.75/100 g, while
       | simultaneously deactivating protease activity and F. venenatum
       | biomass. However, this procedure has been observed to induce cell
       | membrane leakage and a substantial loss of biomass, as evidenced
       | in the Quorn production process [17], which also utilizes F.
       | venenatum as the MP producer. Our experimental trials have
       | encountered similar challenges, achieving a biomass yield of
       | merely ~35%, and observed that heating process increased the
       | relative protein and chitin content (Figure 2D,E), which may be
       | related to the effect of membrane leakage, while the
       | intracellular protein of the FCPD engineered strain was less
       | likely to be lost to the extracellular. Thus, concentrating the
       | fermentation broth to enhance protein and amino acids content in
       | successive steps to produce a highly nutritious water-soluble
       | fertilizer appears to be an effective strategy for adding value
       | to the process (Figure 1).
       | 
       | The challenges of developing economic single cell protein
       | products, that are suitable for human consumption, are described
       | in chapter 3 here:
       | 
       | https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Martin-Hofrichter-2/pub...
        
         | gsf_emergency_6 wrote:
         | recent study that genetics has a underappreciated role in gout
         | 
         | https://www.sciencealert.com/massive-study-reveals-where-gou...
        
           | colechristensen wrote:
           | Also it's a multi-species mutation that stuck in humans and
           | the great apes which broke the urate oxidase enzyme.
           | 
           | If we fixed it, nobody would get gout.
           | 
           | I kinda wonder sometimes why medicine doesn't try to fix some
           | of these species level genetic problems more broadly or more
           | quickly. There's this enzyme every other mammal produces, why
           | isn't there a fast track to engineering a micro-organ to
           | produce it or inject an engineered version in gout patients
           | (I did some research and yes people are somewhat doing these
           | things... slowly)
           | 
           | Why can't I, a healthy adult, be genetically engineered to
           | start producing my own Vitamin C like every other mammal?
        
             | FL33TW00D wrote:
             | The paternalistic state does not allow you autonomy over
             | your own body.
             | 
             | e.g the amount of backlash thought emporium got when he
             | genetically engineered himself to remove lactose
             | intolerance: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J3FcbFqSoQY
             | 
             | Risky, but it's his body!
        
               | tomrod wrote:
               | > The paternalistic state does not allow you autonomy
               | over your own body.
               | 
               | Evidence to the contrary - fishing during free time.
        
               | lukas099 wrote:
               | Whom did he get backlash from and what was their stated
               | reason?
        
               | striking wrote:
               | It's a cool video but it's formatted almost like a
               | tutorial, with folks in the comments appearing excited to
               | actually try it on their own bodies with lab equipment
               | they have access to. It's pretty irresponsible given that
               | I don't think he fully expressed the risks of doing this
               | to your own body.
        
             | devmor wrote:
             | WRT genetic engineering, I believe the main barrier to
             | these things is that our genes are quite multipurpose. You
             | may turn on the ability to produce vitamin C, and that same
             | sequence of genes could also turn your eyeballs into
             | calcified lumps.
        
               | colechristensen wrote:
               | Eh, while that's true for many things, there are plenty
               | of genetic diseases for which it is not ("diseases" or
               | whatever you might call the human lack of vitamin C
               | synthesis)
               | 
               | In this case the gene encoding L-gulonolactone_oxidase is
               | broken, and that's the last step in the process. That
               | gene catalyzes something into a substance which decays
               | into vitamin C.
        
               | roywiggins wrote:
               | First you need a gene therapy delivery system that
               | doesn't produce any off-target mutations at all, ever.
        
               | colechristensen wrote:
               | Extract tissue from patient, build a cell line, CRISPR in
               | vitro, build a cell line, sequence to verify. Use
               | verified cell line to build pseudo-organs or to inject
               | cells or stem cells.
               | 
               | ex vivo gene therapy.
        
               | roywiggins wrote:
               | Cells don't survive sequencing, any that you do implant
               | have not been sequenced. At best you can get some
               | confidence that the error rate is small.
        
               | colechristensen wrote:
               | This is why I said build a cell _line_, i.e. cells that
               | all come from a single parent cell. Clones. Make
               | monoclonal stem cell lines, use CRISPR on them, make a
               | NEW monoclonal cell line post-CRISPR and pull some cells
               | to validate success or failure.
        
             | TallGuyShort wrote:
             | When choosing what my life's work would be, I filtered out
             | tasks that involved genetically engineering humans so that
             | my solution cold compete with "eating a nice, fresh
             | orange". Maybe I'm just lazy and unambitious.
        
             | mapt wrote:
             | Gemini:
             | 
             | > Therapeutically, recombinant urate oxidase (like
             | rasburicase or pegylated urate oxidase) is used as a
             | medication to rapidly lower uric acid levels, treating
             | tumor lysis syndrome, hyperuricemia, and gout, especially
             | when other treatments fail or are contraindicated.
             | 
             | Wikipedia:
             | 
             | > It has been proposed that the loss of urate oxidase gene
             | expression has been advantageous to hominoids, since uric
             | acid is a powerful antioxidant and scavenger of singlet
             | oxygen and radicals. Its presence provides the body with
             | protection from oxidative damage, thus prolonging life and
             | decreasing age-specific cancer rates.[15]
             | 
             | > Children with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), specifically
             | with Burkitt's lymphoma and B-cell acute lymphoblastic
             | leukemia (B-ALL), often experience tumor lysis syndrome
             | (TLS), which occurs when breakdown of tumor cells by
             | chemotherapy releases uric acid and cause the formation of
             | uric acid crystals in the renal tubules and collecting
             | ducts. This can lead to kidney failure and even death.
             | Studies suggest that patients at a high risk of developing
             | TLS may benefit from the administration of urate
             | oxidase.[17] However, humans lack the subsequent enzyme HIU
             | hydroxylase in the pathway to degrade uric acid to
             | allantoin, so long-term urate oxidase therapy could
             | potentially have harmful effects because of toxic effects
             | of HIU.[18]
             | 
             | > Higher uric acid levels have also been associated with
             | epilepsy. However, it was found in mouse models that
             | disrupting urate oxidase actually decreases brain
             | excitability and susceptibility to seizures.[19]
             | 
             | > Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is often a side effect
             | of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
             | (HSCT), driven by donor T cells destroying host tissue.
             | Uric acid has been shown to increase T cell response, so
             | clinical trials have shown that urate oxidase can be
             | administered to decrease uric acid levels in the patient
             | and subsequently decrease the likelihood of GVHD.[20]
             | 
             | > Urate oxidase is formulated as a protein drug
             | (rasburicase) for the treatment of acute hyperuricemia in
             | patients receiving chemotherapy. A PEGylated form of urate
             | oxidase, pegloticase, was FDA approved in 2010 for the
             | treatment of chronic gout in adult patients refractory to
             | "conventional therapy".[21]
             | 
             | As a general rule though, you can effectively treat/prevent
             | gout by significantly increasing consumption of water and
             | by replacing proteins with cereal grains (or fruits and
             | vegetables or vegetable fats). These are inexpensive,
             | fairly safe solutions.
        
             | roywiggins wrote:
             | Whatever engineered solution could happen, it will almost
             | certainly have more side effects than a diet that includes
             | vitamin C, and even if not, cost way more.
        
             | MSFT_Edging wrote:
             | I would love for my gout to be genetically engineered away.
             | 
             | I didn't have a flare up until my late 20s but it finally
             | explained the very slight ache in my big toe. After the
             | first one, the second and third happened within a year. I
             | stopped drinking almost entirely aside from some gin a few
             | times a year.
             | 
             | I reduced various food consumption with no change.
             | Whisky/beer will cripple me if I have more than one of
             | either. After some research, vegan marathon runners are
             | even plagued by this.
        
               | morkalork wrote:
               | If you haven't already tried it, Allopurinol is an
               | effective and almost entirely side-effect free treatment.
               | 
               | I lament the time I lost living without it!
        
               | monkpit wrote:
               | I second Allopurinol. Your doctor will try to tell you
               | gout is due to your diet and lifestyle. The reality is
               | (according to nearly everyone who actually has gout on
               | the internet) that you just _have gout_ - you can't diet
               | it away.
               | 
               | I cut out all drinking and went vegetarian after a gout
               | diagnosis and still had flare ups. I never drink sugary
               | drinks or eat fast food, and yet doctors would constantly
               | recommend cutting these out and "lifestyle changes".
               | 
               | Allopurinol is the only thing keeping me from being
               | bedridden on days I can feel a flare up.
        
             | nradov wrote:
             | For anyone who wants a deep dive on uric acid metabolism
             | this Peter Attia Drive podcast with Rick Johnson, M.D. is a
             | great resource.
             | 
             | https://peterattiamd.com/rickjohnson2/
        
             | rsync wrote:
             | Evolution isn't stupid ... it's not a random outcome that
             | we don't produce our own vitamin c, or have an appendix, or
             | (urate oxidize blah blah).
             | 
             | I wish you all the luck in fixing these problems and would
             | be fascinated to see the outcomes... However, this notion
             | that these changes would be cost free is a mistaken one.
             | 
             | Mutants with these characteristics have certainly existed
             | over evolutionary time... Our version outcompeted them.
        
               | colechristensen wrote:
               | >Evolution isn't stupid
               | 
               | Evolution also isn't smart. Have so much of something in
               | your diet and you'll tend to lose the ability to
               | manufacture it because there's little evolutionary
               | pressure to maintain it. If you're a VitaminCless mutant
               | you don't die and your children survive just fine and
               | suddenly this becomes common in the species.
               | 
               | It didn't get lost because it was advantageous for it to
               | be gone, it just wasn't important enough to get
               | maintained.
        
             | jyounker wrote:
             | > I kinda wonder sometimes why medicine doesn't try to fix
             | some of these species level genetic problems more broadly
             | or more quickly
             | 
             | Because the technology to do so doesn't exist yet.
             | 
             | We're at the point where we're trying to fix only most
             | severe conditions, conditions for which there are no other
             | treatment options.
        
         | meindnoch wrote:
         | Finally vegans can get gout too!
        
           | tomrod wrote:
           | Hilarious and literally my same thought.
           | 
           | I think it is _fascinating_ how we can modulate these amazing
           | biological machines to do all kinds of tricks.
           | 
           | I wish we had a better effect discovery process, something
           | akin to alphafold where the space can be explored and defined
           | beyond wait-and-see.
        
             | ericmcer wrote:
             | Seriously, I love software but a geneticist/biologist would
             | have been a fascinating career.
             | 
             | DNA, evolution, etc. is insanely powerful and you are kind
             | of reverse-engineering and tweaking it to get different
             | outcomes, but like you point out it is very slow. We just
             | need to live for like 10,000 years and then a lifetimes
             | work would become more exciting.
        
           | cbflak wrote:
           | And go on Atkin's if it's a fatty enough fungus!
        
             | pfdietz wrote:
             | Why use microorganisms when fats can be synthesized
             | abiotically?
             | 
             | https://www.orcasciences.com/articles/food-without-
             | agricultu...
             | 
             | Be an ultra-vegan; don't even kill microorganisms.
        
               | chihuahua wrote:
               | Breatharians are several steps ahead of you.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inedia
        
         | adrian_b wrote:
         | There are better alternatives than consuming the whole cells.
         | 
         | There have been other attempts to use genetically-modified
         | fungi (Trichoderma) for protein production, where they secrete
         | in the cultivation medium a water-soluble animal protein, e.g.
         | a cow whey protein or chicken egg white protein.
         | 
         | Then, through filtration and ultrafiltration, the desired
         | protein is separated from the fungal cells and the cultivation
         | medium, producing a protein powder in the same way how one
         | makes whey protein concentrate or milk protein concentrate.
         | 
         | If done correctly this method produces only healthy protein
         | without contaminants.
         | 
         | However, searching right now online if there has been any
         | progress with this, I see that against a startup company that
         | has already produced such whey protein powder from a fungal
         | culture there is a lawsuit that alleges that they have not
         | separated properly the whey protein and that what they have
         | sold contained more fungal protein of uncertain quality and
         | safety than the good whey protein that they claimed to sell.
         | 
         | Even if that company might be guilty of trying to exploit the
         | technology before being perfected, the principle is sound and
         | there is no doubt that this can be done, producing pure high-
         | quality protein.
         | 
         | I actually use whey protein concentrate to provide a
         | significant fraction of my protein consumption, so I hope that
         | its production from fungi will succeed in a not too distant
         | future.
         | 
         | Trichoderma is among the fungi that secrete enzymes in their
         | environment, so the genetic modification that replaced its
         | enzyme with whey protein or egg albumin is much simpler than
         | the many modifications described in the parent article in order
         | to make the whole cells more palatable, without really
         | achieving this.
         | 
         | For producing a protein powder that can be used as an
         | ingredient in cooking food from vegetable sources, the approach
         | used with Trichoderma is sufficient. The techniques used in the
         | parent article are justified because they do not want to make a
         | healthy food, but they want to make a meat imitation. For
         | myself, enhancing the quality of vegetable food is a much more
         | important goal than attempting to simulate meat, but at least
         | in USA it is likely that the second goal might make more money.
        
           | lentil_soup wrote:
           | >> There have been other attempts to use genetically-modified
           | fungi (Trichoderma) for protein production, where they
           | secrete in the cultivation medium a water-soluble animal
           | protein
           | 
           | Honest question, what does "animal protein" mean here in
           | regards to it being produced by a fungi? is it that it's the
           | same as as one from a cow at the molecular level?
        
             | adrian_b wrote:
             | Yes, they have replaced the gene used to synthesize the
             | fungus protein that was secreted in the environment with a
             | cow gene or a chicken gene.
             | 
             | So the cow lactoglobulin or chicken ovalbumin produced by
             | the fungus is chemically identical to that from the protein
             | powders that are currently made from cow milk or whey or
             | from chicken egg white.
             | 
             | That means that such fungus-produced protein has an optimal
             | amino acid profile, unlike the natural fungal proteins and
             | if it forms a part of the daily protein intake (e.g. around
             | a third) it can compensate the inadequate amino acid
             | profiles of vegetable proteins.
             | 
             | For about 4 years I have eaten only vegetable proteins, but
             | this created some constraints in what I could eat that were
             | too inconvenient, so eventually I gave up. While now most
             | of my protein intake remains of vegetable origin, I use
             | some whey protein powder in the cooking of certain foods,
             | to enhance their protein content, which has enabled me to
             | make much more varied choices in the menu. Therefore I
             | would know how to use such a product from fungi, if it
             | would become widely available. There are a few startups in
             | this domain, both in USA and in Europe, but for now their
             | target is mostly in selling to big industrial producers of
             | food, not at retail.
        
           | stackghost wrote:
           | >against a startup company that has already produced such
           | whey protein powder from a fungal culture there is a lawsuit
           | that alleges that they have not separated properly the whey
           | protein and that what they have sold contained more fungal
           | protein of uncertain quality and safety than the good whey
           | protein that they claimed to sell.
           | 
           | Sounds like par for the course in the VC-backed startup world
        
         | justonceokay wrote:
         | That's do interesting. I never would have assumed that single-
         | celled animals have significantly more nuclear material per-
         | weight than meat.
        
       | globular-toast wrote:
       | It's so odd to me as a veggie that people want something that
       | "tastes like meat". If you've been immersed in decent veggie food
       | for a while this isn't something you crave. Why would I want to
       | eat a bit of dead animal? It's something I might do in a survival
       | situation in a barren place, like Han Solo or something, but not
       | if there are fresh veggies to hand.
       | 
       | If you want to do this for ethical reasons, which you should,
       | then just eat vegetables. They taste way better. You just have to
       | recalibrate your senses to deal with the higher levels of
       | flavour.
       | 
       | But if people really want "chicken nuggets" for some reason then
       | there's no reason it should have to involve animals at all, so
       | this is a good thing, I guess.
        
         | walterlw wrote:
         | I believe this is about the perceived switching cost for the
         | masses who, in the US and Europe for example, are predominantly
         | not vegetarian.
        
         | _dark_matter_ wrote:
         | I'm sorry, I've been vegetarian (mostly vegan, no eggs or milk)
         | for over 10 years, and I crave meat. A juicy burger. Spicy
         | chicken wings. Actually those are mainly it.
         | 
         | I am so thankful of advances that let me eat something my brain
         | enjoys. I get the best of both worlds - no animal harmed in the
         | process.
         | 
         | Why do vegs have to neg on other vegs for what they eat? I hate
         | that. To each their own. I encourage everyone to be vegetarian
         | to support animal rights, but I also would never tell them that
         | their cravings aren't real or how to go about doing it.
        
           | globular-toast wrote:
           | > Why do vegs have to neg on other vegs for what they eat?
           | 
           | It's not a "neg", it's my opinion. I don't think you need to
           | crave meat, you are just lacking the proper cuisine that
           | would satisfy you completely. Try Gobi 65 and you'll never
           | crave "spicy chicken wings" again. I feel like people go
           | veggie by just removing meat from a cuisine that is centred
           | around it. Imagine British food without meat: nothing and
           | mash, nothing and chips, roast nothing... mmm... delicious.
           | You need to completely change. There's nothing "missing" from
           | a vegetarian Indian meal.
        
             | engcoach wrote:
             | What about people who have eaten extensive quantities (and
             | variations) of vegetarian Indian food but still crave meat?
             | It's not a matter of exposure, it's also a matter of taste.
        
             | botanical76 wrote:
             | I don't agree with your conclusion, but just wanted to say
             | the segment on "roast nothing" was hilarious and absolutely
             | true. Quite right that many cuisines depend on meat to be
             | worth eating. I'm just happy that the food I eat no longer
             | consumes animal lives; the mechanism to do that is a
             | triviality compared.
        
         | wongarsu wrote:
         | Not just vegetables, also hash browns, fried potatoes, french
         | fries, pancakes, spaghetti, etc.
         | 
         | There are plenty of vegetarian meals (or vegan ones, though
         | that's harder). It's just that we have relegated most of them
         | to side dishes, entres or breakfast because meat is too popular
         | as a main dish. But this is a very recent phenomenon
         | 
         | But you can't make any money selling hash browns as veggie
         | food, it's much more profitable to sell fake meat
        
         | NoGravitas wrote:
         | I want umami and a meatlike texture sometimes. Beans and
         | mushrooms are usually fine for this, and seitan is pretty good
         | for texture, but a nice slab of textured mushroom protein would
         | be great. I don't really care if it tastes like animal flesh or
         | not, but having the texture would be great.
        
       | pstuart wrote:
       | Another angle for sustainable protein:
       | https://www.airprotein.com/
       | 
       | Details are a bit vague but it seems like it's viable.
        
         | inkcapmushroom wrote:
         | I wish they would just say what's producing the protein. "Our
         | cultures" and talk of fermentation makes me think it's just
         | yeast maybe?
        
           | pstuart wrote:
           | Yeah, considering the age of the project that inspired it,
           | yeast would be a good bet. Hopefully they do well and we
           | learn more about it; we need all the options we can get to
           | feed the planet in a sustainable manner.
        
       | cregy wrote:
       | This! Would love if we spent some of that sweet AI money into
       | engineered new food sources. I've been watching Soylent for a
       | while now. Food that can be made in space is what we need for
       | interplanetary travel. Qudos to this crispr research!
        
         | lm28469 wrote:
         | > Food that can be made in space is what we need for
         | interplanetary travel.
         | 
         | Given how fucked up astronauts who spends just a few month in
         | space come back to earth I think we have dozens if not hundreds
         | of other things to solve before even considering food. Your
         | bones, muscles, eyes, circulatory system, &c. are not made for
         | anything other than good ol earth
        
           | rapatel0 wrote:
           | I have a feeling this will be solved somehow with peptides in
           | the long run
        
         | ericmcer wrote:
         | We had a pretty huge "fake meat" funding craze in 2021. Beyond
         | meat traded at >$200 for a bit, now it is $1. Not sure why it
         | all burned out and disappeared.
        
       | vintermann wrote:
       | This product is the sort of product I suspect the fad blitz
       | against "ultraprocessed foods" is _really_ targeted at.
        
         | literalAardvark wrote:
         | Not necessarily.
         | 
         | It might be some Big Meat conspiracy to combat these upstarts,
         | but there's also reasonable data indicating that less
         | processing results in better health outcomes.
        
           | padjo wrote:
           | I've seen very little that isn't just correlation of highly
           | processed food consumption and generally poor lifestyle
        
             | literalAardvark wrote:
             | Here, this is a solid intro you can thread out of at your
             | leisure. There's really no controversy around this at a
             | scientific level, only on social media:
             | 
             | https://www.thelancet.com/series-do/ultra-processed-food
        
           | vintermann wrote:
           | But of course there is! That's not the point. You could also
           | probably produce reasonable data indicating that food
           | starting with the letter F results in worse health outcomes.
           | But if you then avoid fenugreek, fava beans and fiddlehead
           | ferns, you're not making up for the fried potatoes, fried
           | cheese and fudge sundaes which really carried the
           | correlation!
           | 
           | We want _causal_ correlations. Someone decided that instead
           | they wanted to divide food into categoried in this specific
           | way, and then rank categories. And I don 't think all of them
           | were naive about what they were doing. I've read Merchants of
           | Doubt, I don't give harmful industries the benefit of doubt
           | when it comes to things like this.
        
             | kelipso wrote:
             | You can wait for causal connections forever while
             | reasonable people take precautions when seeing strong
             | correlations.
        
               | op00to wrote:
               | Start sailing the high seas to reduce global warming.
        
             | YeGoblynQueenne wrote:
             | It's certainly not the food industry that decided to brand
             | some of its own foods as Ultra-Processd and harmful for
             | health. That kind of categorisation is the work of
             | nutrition researchers of various kinds. The way I
             | understand it the food industry's interests trend the
             | opposite way, trying to convince you that everything they
             | sell you is good for you.
        
           | happosai wrote:
           | Processing itself doesn't make foods more or less healthier.
           | Many highly processed foods are healthier than their
           | unprocessed natural form. Yogurt is healthier than milk while
           | butter isn't.
           | 
           | It why people ultra process foods - to make them more tasty
           | and addictive by processing in more fats, salts and sugars.
           | Take soda for example. They added acidic CO2 bubbles so they
           | can add more sugar .
           | 
           | The problem with the term ultra processed has, it bags in
           | huge amounts of different foods and classifies them all bad.
        
             | delichon wrote:
             | Processing food doesn't necessarily make food less healthy,
             | but it does it so often that it should not be considered
             | neutral.                 * it frequently removes the fiber
             | and structure, making it faster to eat, and easier to over
             | consume.       * it frequently adds sugar, salt, etc., not
             | just making it easier to over consume, but with a payload
             | that itself does extra damage.       * simply changing the
             | form of food, without changing the contents, itself can
             | have serious nutritional consequences [0].
             | 
             | For my own choices ultra processing is guilty until proven
             | innocent. Believing that implies a radical change to how
             | most people eat.
             | 
             | [0] https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/british-
             | journal-of-n...
        
             | pessimizer wrote:
             | > to make them more tasty and addictive by processing in
             | more fats, salts and sugars.
             | 
             | This is a very specific definition of "ultraprocessed" that
             | many people don't associate with the term at all. Most
             | people are trying to avoid the strange chemicals and
             | fillers used to market food (like color and shine), to
             | preserve food (so it can last longer on the shelf/warehouse
             | and travel farther), or fill food (to replace expensive
             | fats, starches and sugars with cheap fats, starches and
             | sugars, or even to add indigestible elements for bulk and
             | texture.) We have no idea of a lot of the long-term effects
             | of some of this stuff, and much of it has never been tested
             | for safety, just assumed to be safe.
             | 
             | Other people are trying to tell people to eat healthy food.
             | This is your camp. You don't have to "ultraprocess" things
             | to dump sugar into them. You can just dump sugar into them.
             | I'm a home cook who doesn't really eat much processed food
             | at all, but I certainly eat a lot of fats, salt, and sugar.
             | I can tell you exactly how much. I put it in because I like
             | it. I'm not interested in anybody's suggestion that I cut
             | it other than my doctor. It's a public morals crusade
             | disguised as a health crusade. "Ultraprocessing" often
             | comes in when you dump some strange chemical in to disguise
             | the lack of butter, the lack of a real sugar, or to lower
             | salt content.
             | 
             | But with the other stuff, I hate that it's all lumped
             | together in an "ultraprocessed" category. Each of the types
             | of processing that is done on food is different, each
             | should be justified on its own merits, the process should
             | be _public_ , and things that are notable should be
             | _labeled_ so people who want to avoid them can. Lobbyists
             | fight in order not to label things, and not to have to test
             | things.
             | 
             | I also don't mean to be overcritical about people who want
             | people to eat healthier, but I believe that it undermines
             | the fight to not have unknown dangers in food to turn it
             | into an orthorexia crusade.
        
             | vintermann wrote:
             | I notice some have said "hyperpalatable" foods, and that is
             | better, at least it's not such a good stick to use at
             | vegetarian meat alternatives, but it still leaves alcoholic
             | drinks, steaks, traditional smoked food etc. off the hook.
             | They're not usually "boosted" with exotic processing.
             | 
             | But "hyperpalatable" also misleading in that heavy
             | processing of unhealthy food often just makes things a lot
             | more storable but only a little less tasty (e.g. sweet
             | baked goods).
             | 
             | For "ultra-processed", not only is the choice of classes to
             | divide food into suspect, but they're gerrymandering those
             | classes too. Much fried food isn't especially processed.
             | Extract the oil, fry the vegetable in it, basically two
             | steps. Certainly fewer steps than say, rye bread.
             | 
             | From what I've seen, the studies of ultra-processed food
             | find excuses to count many processing steps for obviously
             | unhealthy food, and fewer for benign ones.
        
       | metalman wrote:
       | "Chicken of the woods", Hen of the woods?, whatever, shelf
       | fungus, grows on dieing hardwoods, often in huge quantities,
       | cooks like chicken, looks like chicken, tastes like chicken, but
       | costs more unless you can gather it yourself.It also lasts for
       | weeks on top of the fridge, but there must be ways to keep it
       | longer.
        
         | westmeal wrote:
         | Probably tastes better than this stuff. My mother is super into
         | mushroom foraging and made some for me with garlic and some
         | herbal salt and while I don't think it tastes quite like
         | chicken, it's definitely pretty damn good.
        
         | imzadi wrote:
         | Hen of the woods has like 1 gram of protein per cup. The point
         | of this one is that it has more protein.
        
           | machomaster wrote:
           | It would be better to give an understandable measurement
           | weight per weight (percentage) instead of the weight per
           | football field type of weirdness.
        
           | metalman wrote:
           | Ah!, though the hen of the woods must be all carbs then, as
           | it didn't leave me hungry and, it occurs to me that in
           | certain tests, fungus might be smarter than chickens,
           | something something, maze/logic tests of mycelium.
        
       | torginus wrote:
       | This sounds like they took a product that failed in the market -
       | fungus based meat substitutes, and hinted at some superscience
       | magic thats years from coming out, and that's if it proves safe,
       | economical and a genunie improvement.
       | 
       | This really looks like an attempt to get investors to come back
       | and push the stock price.
        
         | andrelaszlo wrote:
         | Quorn is based on fungus. I'm not a huge fan of it myself but
         | it's sold across the EU, and it's in almost all stores where I
         | live.
        
           | NoGravitas wrote:
           | Quorn is fine, but it's neither better nor cheaper than the
           | plant-based fake chicken nuggets, so I'm not super
           | enthusiastic about it.
        
       | wartywhoa23 wrote:
       | No, thank you.
        
       | sgt wrote:
       | Mmmm, nothing like a crispy fungus burger!
        
         | NoGravitas wrote:
         | I enjoy a grilled portobello cap now and then.
        
       | fuzzy_biscuit wrote:
       | Do we live in The Expanse universe now?
        
       | bawana wrote:
       | I cant wait to see the unintended consequences. Imagine eating a
       | food which then digests you from the inside out. Wait, wasnt
       | there a video game like this?..,,,half-life
        
         | dan_hawkins wrote:
         | Like pineapple?
        
           | Nevermark wrote:
           | Don't eat a large bowl of fresh cranberries for breakfast.
        
           | op00to wrote:
           | I used to wonder how the US population could be so stupid to
           | elect someone counter to their best interests, then threads
           | like these remind me that people are really, really bad at
           | logic and such.
        
       | djaouen wrote:
       | Soon, humanity will have zero excuse to kill any animal. Neat!
        
         | Y_Y wrote:
         | Who needs an excuse? You might think it's immoral, but that's a
         | minority position and developing new fungi is going to be much
         | easier than convincing billions of people to adopt your values.
        
           | eudamoniac wrote:
           | I feel that eating meat is unethical yet I make no attempt to
           | reduce my consumption; I just acknowledge I am behaving
           | unethically in this regard. Do you think that is such a
           | minority position?
        
             | Y_Y wrote:
             | It's just you and me I'm afraid.
        
         | Bender wrote:
         | Fungus is very much alive and to meet peoples caloric
         | requirements means massacring hundreds of trillions of them. We
         | just can't easily hear them scream. They communicate with one
         | another over massive fungal networks in forests and jungles.
         | Fungus are fascinating. They can recognize patterns and make
         | decisions. Slime mold is even more interesting in that it can
         | remember complex patterns, solve mapping challenges and make
         | decisions without a nervous system suggesting our understanding
         | of the term _life_ is likely very incomplete. Slime mold can
         | remember feeding times and locations.
        
           | Rooster61 wrote:
           | We're only massacring the fruiting bodies. The mycelium is
           | just fine and lives on to create even more fruiting bodies.
           | It's like picking apples from an apple tree. The tree itself
           | isn't harmed in the slightest. The only difference is that
           | many fruits are designed to be eaten so that the seeds can
           | pass an germinate, whereas mushrooms achieve this through
           | spore release.
        
             | Bender wrote:
             | That's interesting. Is there a video that shows this
             | process up close at the microscopic level? How long does
             | this process take?
        
               | myvoiceismypass wrote:
               | I feel like this might have been shown in the 2019
               | documentary 'Fantastic Fungi'
               | (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt8258074/) - really
               | interesting and fun movie.
        
             | NoGravitas wrote:
             | For some of these fungal meat-substitute products, I think
             | you do eat the mycelia (for bystanders, the fruiting body
             | we eat is mushrooms). But I don't think the fungus is
             | bothered about it the same way the chicken is.
        
       | b800h wrote:
       | You could make a substitute that mimicked meat entirely. I'd
       | still take the thing that grew in a cow. In "Culture" terms, I'm
       | with the Affront. :-)
        
         | lillecarl wrote:
         | Do you prefer huge wasteful trucks and wide roads too?
        
           | NoGravitas wrote:
           | I think that is implied.
        
       | theultdev wrote:
       | We've gone from GMOs are bad to lab meat being okay.
        
         | Arch485 wrote:
         | Well, no, I know a lot of people who think lab meat is
         | seriously NOT ok (these are the same people who think GMO corn
         | will somehow kill you).
        
           | theultdev wrote:
           | Most comments here are pretty positive, other than noting
           | it's not like meat. But nothing really about health aspects.
           | 
           | I'm fine with GMOs, a lot of produce would be pretty inedible
           | without it.
           | 
           | It's a lot more natural then what we're doing here.
        
       | vzaliva wrote:
       | I'm vegetarian. The "tastes like meat" claim is misleading. The
       | main issue isn't the taste, it's the texture. Impossible Burger
       | came close. Most mushroom-based substitutes I've tried are
       | nothing like it.
        
         | goda90 wrote:
         | I eat meat. I tried some Quorn turkey the other day and it was
         | surprisingly like turkey. Not perfect but better experience
         | than a poorly done dry turkey breast
        
       | api wrote:
       | This would be outstanding for organic recycling in space.
        
       | joshuamcginnis wrote:
       | FYI, the fungus Fusarium venenatum has been used for decades to
       | produce vegan protein by companies like Quorn.
       | 
       | https://www.quorn.us/
        
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