[HN Gopher] Size of Life
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Size of Life
        
       Author : eatonphil
       Score  : 2455 points
       Date   : 2025-12-10 16:02 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (neal.fun)
 (TXT) w3m dump (neal.fun)
        
       | hartator wrote:
       | Always awesome with by Neal.
        
       | MarkusQ wrote:
       | Cool, but a little more thought on the content rather than the
       | presentation would improve it. For example starting with an
       | arbitrary segment of DNA double helix and saying how "tall" this
       | arbitrary segment is, is just silly.
       | 
       | Instead, it should show how _wide_ it is. And for extra coolness,
       | keep it in frame, coiling longer and longer as you go, and
       | eventually have the same strand, which has been with us all the
       | time, as a specific example (e.g. human chromosome 7 or some
       | such) by _length_
        
       | nh23423fefe wrote:
       | double clicking makes the animation jitter. ive had to deal with
       | matching derivatives of smooth slopes in rendering as well. the
       | animation seems to be finite time (and so variable velocity) and
       | mashing click is just updating the final point without matching
       | the current derivative.
        
       | yunwal wrote:
       | I don't understand how the location of a 377 foot tall tree could
       | be kept secret. Wouldn't that type of thing be visible in
       | satellite imagery at the very least?
        
         | 1970-01-01 wrote:
         | It's not sticking straight up from the ground in Kansas.
         | Hyperion has many siblings nearby and is on rocky terrain which
         | conceals its overall height.
        
         | micromacrofoot wrote:
         | There are a lot of 300 foot trees in the general vicinity, so
         | you'd need to actually measure to be precisely sure
        
         | Petersipoi wrote:
         | It isn't a secret. The location can easily be found if you
         | Google it.
        
           | 1970-01-01 wrote:
           | It is literally a secret. The location cannot easily be found
           | with Google. Go ahead, try and find it.
        
             | hermitcrab wrote:
             | And if you do, don't post it.
        
           | efilife wrote:
           | were you able to? I wasn't
           | 
           | http://famousredwoods.com/hyperion/
           | 
           | Nevermind!
        
         | housecarpenter wrote:
         | From Wikipedia:
         | 
         | "The exact location of Hyperion is nominally secret but is
         | available via internet search.[12] However, in July 2022, the
         | Redwood Park superintendent closed the entire area around the
         | tree, citing "devastation of the habitat surrounding Hyperion"
         | caused by visitors. Its base was trampled by the overuse and as
         | a result ferns no longer grow around the tree.[13]
         | 
         | Measures to protect the Hyperion tree were officially
         | implemented in 2022 when the National Park Service (NPS) closed
         | public access to its location in Redwood National Park.[14][15]
         | Anyone who gets too close could face up to six months in jail
         | and a $5,000 maximum fine.[13][16][17]"
        
       | jphoward wrote:
       | It seems to be like some of the scales slightly off?
       | 
       | If you are looking at the ladybird (ladybug) with the amoeba to
       | the left, the amoeba isn't an order of the magnitude smaller - it
       | would actually be visible by the human eye (bigger than a grain
       | of sand)? Indeed, the amoeba seems the same size as the
       | ladybird's foot?
       | 
       | Similarly, this makes the bumblebee appear smaller than a human
       | finger (the in the adjacent picture), which isn't the case?
        
         | elicash wrote:
         | I came to the comments to express surprise that amoebas were so
         | large. It appears they vary wildly in size (as small as 2.3
         | micrometers... but up to 20 cm, or nearly 8 inches).
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amoeba#Size_range
        
           | adrian_b wrote:
           | It is not right to call the xenophyophore that is on the last
           | row, and which can have a size of up to 20 cm as an "amoeba".
           | 
           | Only the next row above it, with Pelomyxa, is indeed an
           | amoeba and one that is very frequently encountered and which
           | usually has sizes not much less than 1 millimeter and
           | sometimes it can reach a size of a few mm.
           | 
           | The true amoebas are much more closely related to humans,
           | than to xenophyophores (giant marine unicellular living
           | beings) or to plants.
           | 
           | Besides the true amoebas there are also a few other kinds of
           | unicellular eukaryotes with shape-shifting cells, e.g.
           | foraminifera, radiolarians and others, but already in the
           | first half of the 19th century it was recognized that those
           | other groups change their shapes in a different way than the
           | amoebas, so they were classified separately, even if the term
           | "amoeboid cell" has always been used about any cell with
           | variable shape.
           | 
           | The true amoebas are related to the group formed by animals
           | and fungi, and there are some amoebas that have a simple form
           | of multicellularity, so it is likely that some of the
           | mechanisms needed for the evolution of multicellularity have
           | been inherited from a common ancestor of animals, fungi and
           | amoebae.
           | 
           | The multicellular or multinucleate amoebae that belong to
           | Myxomycetes (one of the kinds of slime moulds) can reach much
           | bigger sizes, e.g. a diameter of up to 1 meter, because they
           | do not have the size limitation that exists for simple
           | unicellular eukaryotes.
        
             | elicash wrote:
             | Thank you for that info/correction!
        
           | earlyriser wrote:
           | On the other side, wasps could be so tiny. like you could put
           | thousands of them inside an amoeba volume.
           | 
           | "Megaphragma mymaripenne is a microscopically sized wasp. At
           | 200 mm in length, it is the third-smallest extant insect,
           | comparable in size to single-celled organisms. It has a
           | highly reduced nervous system, containing only 7400 neurons,
           | several orders of magnitude fewer than in larger insects."
        
             | albedoa wrote:
             | The males of _dicopomorpha echmepterygis_ are even smaller,
             | with wide sexual dimorphism:
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dicopomorpha_echmepterygis
             | 
             | I never knew about these either.
        
           | selcuka wrote:
           | I got surprised by that too, and while comparing its size to
           | the next organism (Tardigrade) I learned that every member of
           | the same species of tardigrades has the exact same number of
           | cells [1], which was even more surprising for me:
           | 
           | > Eutelic organisms have a fixed number of somatic cells when
           | they reach maturity, the exact number being relatively
           | constant for any one species. This phenomenon is also
           | referred to as cell constancy. Development proceeds by cell
           | division until maturity; further growth occurs via cell
           | enlargement only.
           | 
           | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eutely
        
         | glenstein wrote:
         | I'm seeing the amoeba as approximately the size of the heel
         | segment of a ladybug's leg. I consider lady bugs pretty small
         | in an intuitive sense, their legs quite small and the smallest
         | end segment to be especially small. I think that leaves an
         | amoeba on the fringes of distinguishable perception which seems
         | right to me, unless I'm overestimating their size.
        
         | ModernMech wrote:
         | The tardigrade vs. ladybug gave me pause. So a tardigrade is
         | about the side of a ladybugs eye?
        
           | adrian_b wrote:
           | Actually the tardigrade used as an example is quite big at
           | 500 micrometers.
           | 
           | Most tardigrades are not much bigger than 100 micrometers.
           | 
           | Tardigrades, together with nematodes, rotifers, mites and a
           | few more rarely encountered groups are among the smallest
           | animals and they are smaller than many of the bigger among
           | the unicellular eukaryotes. That is why they have been
           | discovered only after the invention of the microscope.
           | 
           | The tardigrades have evolved towards smaller and smaller
           | sizes very early, already during the Cambrian. It is
           | interesting that they are segmented animals, like their
           | relatives the arthropods and the velvet worms, but they have
           | very few segments, because in order to achieve such a small
           | size they have lost all intermediate segments, so the
           | segments that now form their body were originally the
           | segments of the head, and now they are followed immediately
           | by the original segments of the tail, without the original
           | body that connected the head to the tail. Thus they have been
           | miniaturized by losing their body and becoming a walking head
           | (the legs of the tardigrades are what in arthropods have
           | become appendages of the mouth, e.g. mandibles and maxillae).
        
         | teo_zero wrote:
         | But if scales were perfectly respected, how could you see both
         | a neuron and a human on the screen?
        
         | prmph wrote:
         | Cool visualization, but I also noticed the switch from SI units
         | to imperial. From micrometers to inches, which was jarring and
         | hard for me to compare.
         | 
         | I'd suggest keeping the SI unit , or at least having both once
         | we get to the level of inches.
        
           | s1mon wrote:
           | I found that jarring as well. There's a toggle in the upper
           | right to switch to metric.
           | 
           | Even with setting it to metric, it progresses through units
           | based on the scale. I realize that scientists love to work in
           | scientific notation, and progressing from nanometers to
           | micrometers, mm, cm, and finally meters sort of follows that
           | kind of logic. I wonder how it would feel if the whole thing
           | was in constant units or at least there was an option for
           | that.
        
         | dartharva wrote:
         | The T-rex appears taller than the giraffe, but it isn't and the
         | scale in the website itself shows it.
        
       | macintux wrote:
       | > A highly social, relatively hairless bipedal ape that was once
       | a nomadic hunter-gatherer, but has adapted to create websites
        
       | smallerfish wrote:
       | I like it, but the switch from metric to inches is confusing, and
       | I think introduces a bug - there's no way a sea snail is 5-6
       | neurons high.
        
         | robotresearcher wrote:
         | Some of your neurons stretch from your brain to your big toe.
         | 1.5m, or more in a tall person.
        
           | smallerfish wrote:
           | Correct, but not the one on the site.
        
           | yesitcan wrote:
           | There's no way a tardigrade is half a sea snail.
        
         | Mogzol wrote:
         | You can change the units in the top corner. It defaults to
         | metric for me, but if your browser language is "en-US" you get
         | imperial by default.
        
       | siavosh wrote:
       | Wonderful. The music, illustrations, and sliding sound effect
       | reminded me of the game Braid.
        
         | luqtas wrote:
         | the slinding at some point made me wonder what if i was playing
         | Tinder
        
       | hmokiguess wrote:
       | This was awesome! Also, I couldn't stop my child brain from
       | anticipating "your mom" at the end.
        
       | yoyohello13 wrote:
       | I always click when I see neal.fun.
        
       | mda wrote:
       | I like the stuff un the sute but the number if partners and
       | affiliates in the consent window is very off putting.
        
         | troupo wrote:
         | It's _only_ 141 TCF vendor(s) and 69 ad partner(s), with no way
         | to reject all, and you have to manually click on every
         | "vendor" to remove consent.
         | 
         | It's the second or third time I see this "managed by Google
         | compliant with IAB" (note: not with GDPR)
        
           | thn-gap wrote:
           | This is super infuriating. I wish there was a way to offshore
           | the effort and work needed to toggle each option off to the
           | culprit website. Perhaps when website A presents you with
           | such hostile prompts, take their contact email, and subscribe
           | it with automation to each of the vendors. I'm just too tired
           | of this shit.
        
       | jakozaur wrote:
       | I wish Neal would do behind the scenes, how he built this art. I
       | wonder whether LLM assistants like Claude Code make such an
       | interactive show more feasible.
       | 
       | He previously did a game "Infinite Craft" which leveraged Llama
       | models. However, I was only able to find an outdated blog from
       | 2019.
        
         | jonahx wrote:
         | I think you'd notice a pretty big difference in an LLM clone of
         | this site. The art, music, and other small wouldn't be as
         | consistent or hang together as nicely.
        
           | benatkin wrote:
           | If I could download the LLM clone, and share it, I think I'd
           | prefer it. This is just a website that could at any moment
           | disappear, it isn't like a book.
        
       | Bnichs wrote:
       | Reminds me of the video game Everything. Its a really cool game
       | where you explore the various scales of the universe. It has its
       | quirks (somewhat phoned in graphics like animals walking) but the
       | concept and execution are great IMO, would love a sequel. Also
       | bonus points for featuring Alan watts as a core character.
        
       | Magi604 wrote:
       | The visual scale seems off, especially on the smaller end of
       | things. Also, are Velociraptors really that small? Jurassic Park
       | lied to me.
        
         | psunavy03 wrote:
         | Spielberg took a Deinonychus and called it a Velociraptor
         | because it sounded cooler.
        
           | mkl wrote:
           | No, Michael Crichton did: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deino
           | nychus#Cultural_significa...
        
       | travisgriggs wrote:
       | > A highly social, relatively hairless bipedal ape that was once
       | a nomadic hunter-gatherer, but has adapted to create websites.
       | 
       | Definitely worthy the scroll!
        
         | 8cvor6j844qw_d6 wrote:
         | Makes a good profile description on certain websites.
        
         | dim13 wrote:
         | Also: Banana - Although not technically living, it does make
         | for a good size comparison.
        
           | mihaaly wrote:
           | It had to be added:
           | 
           | > Tyrannosaurus rex. One of the largest land predators ever,
           | it had teeth the size of a banana
        
       | lrpe wrote:
       | Are there supposed to be pictures? I passed a human silhouette,
       | but that was it.
        
       | vadepaysa wrote:
       | Beautiful! I love the human feet always visible in the
       | background! It helps me set perspective.
        
       | bitpush wrote:
       | > Velociraptor > Smaller than usually depicted, the Velociraptor
       | was actually only about the size of a turkey.
       | 
       | This is an interesting fact.
        
       | mkmk wrote:
       | Nice that the back button works.
        
       | thundergolfer wrote:
       | Pretty glad the 9 foot long Arthopleura centipede went extinct
       | 300 million years ago. No one wants to deal with that thing.
        
         | kkylin wrote:
         | We've still got this:
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eunice_aphroditois
         | 
         | Thankfully they don't live on land.
        
           | swiftcoder wrote:
           | That's fresh nightmare fuel all right
        
           | hermitcrab wrote:
           | Not really bothered by snakes, sharks or spiders. But those
           | things (and cave centipedes) look terrifying.
        
         | adrian_b wrote:
         | It was a millipede, not a centipede, which probably ate fungi
         | or decaying plants.
         | 
         | So it was not a dangerous predator, though it could have been
         | poisonous, like many modern millipedes.
        
       | milancurcic wrote:
       | Neal delivers. I recently learned that viruses are not considered
       | living being, but I'm nevertheless happy they're included here
       | because they're both relevant and interesting in this context.
        
         | cainxinth wrote:
         | Viruses are to life as LLMs are to reasoning: they often behave
         | like their category expects but not for the same reasons as the
         | genuine article.
        
           | seemaze wrote:
           | ..er, a parasitic threat to life and happiness that become an
           | endemic drag on global well being?
        
             | tock wrote:
             | Every other living organism looking at human beings: yeah.
        
           | paddleon wrote:
           | as a former virologist, I love the thought that LLMs are the
           | virus of reasoning :)
        
             | graybeardhacker wrote:
             | Once a virologist always a virologist I always say.
        
         | rssoconnor wrote:
         | Not that I'm qualified to reply, but I think this is debated. I
         | seem to recall reading in "Immune" by Philipp Dettmer that
         | there is an argument that a virus is analogous to a spore stage
         | of life, and the virus begins "living" when it plants itself
         | inside a cell full of "nutrients", sheds it's skin and begins
         | consuming and replicating.
        
           | dJLcnYfsE3 wrote:
           | It is always going to be controversial but after discovery of
           | prions - needle shifted to "self-replicating means nothing
           | and viruses are also dead". Then scientists also found
           | viruses large enough that they get infected with other
           | viruses, and parasitic cells that are missing most parts
           | required for metabolism, so it is getting more fuzzy again.
        
         | alkyon wrote:
         | They do have genes and are subject to natural selection so to
         | say the least they are a clear borderline case.
        
         | dsego wrote:
         | I was taught in school they were something in between.
        
         | dartharva wrote:
         | Hey, if they originated naturally and interact with the
         | environment and reproduce, they are living beings. Mere human
         | taxonomists can't just "classify" away the fact.
        
           | margalabargala wrote:
           | Are crystalline structures alive?
        
             | LtWorf wrote:
             | The one that destroyed Data's planet was, I'd say.
        
           | kruczek wrote:
           | You are doing the same classification. It all depends on the
           | definition of what a living being is.
        
           | 4ndr3vv wrote:
           | MRS GREN would like to have a word with you :)
        
         | someNameIG wrote:
         | From what I remember from undergrad the reason they're not life
         | is that they lack their own metabolism, they use the metabolism
         | of host cells. And metabolism needs to be a constant thing,
         | they don't have any when outside a cell.
        
       | ncgl wrote:
       | Great use of sound!
        
       | Jordan-117 wrote:
       | Reminds me of the classic Scale of the Universe flash toy by Cary
       | Huang (now available in HTML 5!):
       | 
       | https://htwins.net/scale2/
        
       | baxtr wrote:
       | If you're interested to read something on that topic I highly
       | recommend the essay "That's About the Size of It" by Isaac Asimov
       | (in his book "View from a Height").
       | 
       | He argues that human perception of animal size is skewed because
       | humans use themselves as a benchmark.
       | 
       | He takes a logarithmic approach to illustrate where humans
       | actually fit within the overall scale of the animal kingdom. We
       | are way larger than we think we are!
        
         | jiggawatts wrote:
         | We are megafauna predators! We've wiped them almost all out,
         | which makes it less obvious, but that's our ecological niche.
        
       | kej wrote:
       | Reminds me of https://scaleofuniverse.com . I think confining it
       | to just living things removes the perspective of "Wow, we're
       | really small compared to the rest of the universe".
        
         | abustamam wrote:
         | Somewhat related!
         | 
         | https://youtu.be/XRdh8gmVR90?si=PvgoXrgjV62tsUy6
        
         | creatonez wrote:
         | There is another visualization from the same author, that
         | starts at an astronaut and ends with the observable universe
         | https://neal.fun/size-of-space/
        
       | seemaze wrote:
       | Just delightful, thank you Neal.
        
       | shmoe wrote:
       | An obvious benefit of "humans adapting to create websites"!
        
       | cs702 wrote:
       | _Beautiful._ It 's clearly a labor of love.
       | 
       | The authors deserve our support. Buy them a coffee via the
       | provided link.
       | 
       | Thank you for sharing this on HN.
        
         | setgree wrote:
         | He has many other cool visualizations!
         | 
         | Space Elevator: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=45640226
         | 
         | Deep Sea: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=21850527
        
           | abustamam wrote:
           | Deep Sea one is scary for some reason. It just gives me
           | shivers to think about how deep the sea is, and what horrors
           | lurk down there. I know that I'll never encounter such a
           | being, but still kinda creepy.
        
             | littlekey wrote:
             | >for some reason
             | 
             | This is a pretty common fear, just look up thalassophobia
             | (or don't! sorry!)
        
           | simonw wrote:
           | He was also responsible for one of the worst web pages ever
           | created: https://neal.fun/stimulation-clicker/
           | 
           | (It's utterly brilliant but monstrous.)
        
             | aschobel wrote:
             | why did i click. ha, it's incredible how addictive simple
             | dopamine loops are.
             | 
             | Thank you!
        
             | Cyphase wrote:
             | Send help.
        
             | arein3 wrote:
             | Thabk god the page crashed after 15m
        
               | connicpu wrote:
               | If it doesn't crash there is actually an ending
        
               | stOneskull wrote:
               | woo.. finally got there!
               | 
               | all achievements.. and i made stacks on bitcoin
        
           | echelon wrote:
           | I love Neal's work so much. He's constantly making some of
           | the coolest stuff on the web. I'm utterly delighted every
           | time I see his domain on the front page of HN.
           | 
           | I hope he never stops making these art pieces - everything he
           | creates brings joy, regardless of whether it's educational or
           | funny or whimsical. I'm in awe of his creative output, his
           | manner of communication, and his ability to steal hours of
           | our time playing ridiculous little games that make us
           | question the fundamentals of life and society.
           | 
           | He's right up there with XKCD in my mind.
           | 
           | --
           | 
           | This is probably the only time I'll use my super pedantic
           | mode on Neal's work, and it's only because I love biology -
           | 
           | > DNA
           | 
           | > The genetic instructions for life
           | 
           | > 3.5 nanometers tall
           | 
           | DNA has a lot of dimensional metrics. It gets complicated.
           | The people that study this stuff really care because it's
           | essential for how our enzymes work, and small differences in
           | spacing tolerances would totally break all of the machinery.
           | 
           | This "3.5 nm" figure is roughly the height of one turn of the
           | helix for one form of DNA (B-DNA). The figure is showing
           | multiple turns in the cartoon illustration.
           | 
           | In theory, you could create a polymer of infinite length (or
           | height).
           | 
           | B-DNA is 34 A per turn, with 10.5 bp per turn (table 1) :
           | 
           | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK6545/
           | 
           | > Blue Whale
           | 
           | > King of the animal kingdom, it is the largest animal to
           | have ever lived. It can eat up to 40 million krill per day
           | during peak feeding season.
           | 
           | Please fix this one, Neal! We don't know that the blue whale
           | is the largest animal to have ever lived (even assuming we
           | know we're just talking about earth).
           | 
           | Blue whales are _perhaps_ the largest animal to have ever
           | lived on earth. But we simply do not know. The fossil record
           | is woefully incomplete.
           | 
           | We even have new papers coming up all the time that challenge
           | this:
           | 
           | https://www.science.org/content/article/whale-whale-may-
           | be-b...
           | 
           | Then refutations:
           | 
           | https://www.science.org/content/article/have-blue-whales-
           | reg...
           | 
           | This is undoubtedly the last time the claim to largest will
           | ever be challenged. Even if we dug up no new fossils, the
           | estimations of previous finds change all the time as we learn
           | more.
           | 
           | Also - what does "largest" mean? Mass? Length? Surface area?
           | 
           | It's okay to say that they're the largest (by some metric)
           | that we know of. But it is not correct to say that they're
           | the largest to have ever lived - at least as far as we know
           | or could ever know. And by setting an absolute, inquiring
           | minds memorize the point and stop wondering.
           | 
           | It's very probable that we'll never know the definitive
           | answer to this.
        
             | oasisbob wrote:
             | The dimensioning of DNA was an immediate turn-off for me. A
             | common biochemistry demo is to show how long and
             | macroscopically visible a chromosome can be. Saying DNA is
             | 3.5 nm tall (long?) flies in the face of what is a pretty
             | interesting and notable experience for a lot of people.
             | 
             | It essentially starts the whole project with a weird take
             | on "How long is a piece of string?"
             | 
             | > In theory, you could create a polymer of infinite length
             | (or height).
             | 
             | Works pretty well in practice too.
        
             | Timwi wrote:
             | > _(even assuming we know we 're just talking about earth)_
             | 
             | This is a nitpick, but life on other planets wouldn't be
             | called "animals". Animal is a clade defined by common
             | ancestry. The only way you could have an extraterrestrial
             | animal is for it to have evolved on Earth and then migrated
             | somehow, and I think we can fairly confidently rule that
             | out.
        
               | tim333 wrote:
               | Nitpic nitpic. I bet if we find animal like life on other
               | planets people will call them animals. Langage use isn't
               | that pedantic.
        
         | abustamam wrote:
         | You really can't go wrong with any of Neal's fun projects!
        
       | p1nkpineapple wrote:
       | Absolutely loved that the intensity of the music is synced with
       | the swiping. Fantastic job as always!
        
       | wpwpwpw wrote:
       | beautiful illustrations, beautiful site
        
       | crubier wrote:
       | My kids will LOVE this
        
       | inciampati wrote:
       | Very beautiful. Love this.
       | 
       | If it helps, AFAIK (I do atomic force microscopy of DNA), DNA's
       | height is closer to 2nm than 4.
        
       | alyxya wrote:
       | Minor thing that bothers me is that I can't scroll through the
       | things like in the deep sea or space elevator.
        
       | chrismorgan wrote:
       | The dynamic soundscape is delightful, as it subtly adds
       | instruments and musical texture as you progress. And going back
       | down the scale regresses it to simple again. Smoothly done.
       | 
       | It reminded me of Operation Neptune (1991): each level starts
       | with just one channel, probably percussion, and as you progress
       | through the rooms it adds and removes more channels or sometimes
       | switches to a different section of music. It is unfortunately all
       | sharp cuts, no attempts at smoothing or timing instrument entry
       | and exit. A couple of samples:
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S0LNaatyoQk is an hour of
       | gameplay revelling in "the dynamic and sometimes beautiful music
       | of Operation Neptune" using a Roland MT-32 MIDI synthesiser; and
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wPxEdQ4wx9s&list=PL3FC048B13...
       | is the PCM files used on some platforms (if you want to compare
       | that track with the MT-32, it starts at 28 minutes).
        
         | modeless wrote:
         | Man I played Operation Neptune a lot when I was a kid. I wonder
         | if it was the first game to do this style of adaptive music
         | layering. It predates the iMUSE system used in LucasArts games
         | like X-Wing and TIE Fighter.
         | 
         | For anyone curious, you can actually play it here:
         | https://archive.org/details/msdos_Super_Solvers_Operation_Ne...
        
           | compiler-guy wrote:
           | The arcade classic Space Invaders had a primitive soundscape
           | in that every time the remaining invaders advance, it plays a
           | short bass note. As fewer and fewer invaders remain, it takes
           | less time for them to advance, and the note repeats faster
           | and faster, it adds a remarkable amount of increasing tension
           | as each level progresses.
           | 
           | So not exactly the same, but perhaps prototypical. I think
           | Asteroids did as well.
        
             | mrandish wrote:
             | Interesting Space Invaders Trivia:
             | 
             | The game speeding up as invaders are eliminated was an
             | unintended consequence of the hardware running full speed
             | to draw all 55 invaders. As invaders are eliminated the
             | draw calls finish faster and the game speeds up. There is
             | no code in the game to throttle the speed. The 2 Mhz 8080
             | is always drawing full speed. It's delightfully
             | serendipitous this happens to ramp up the difficulty as you
             | near the end of each level in such a compellingly perfect
             | way. (https://www.tomshardware.com/video-games/retro-
             | gaming/space-...)
             | 
             | I've watched some interviews with the game's programmer
             | Tomohiro Nishikado and, although translated (so subject to
             | garbling), he seems to confirm this was a 'happy accident'.
             | He indicates he set the max number of invaders based on
             | what the hardware could draw but there was no intent to
             | have the speed ramp up. Of course, he noticed that it did
             | this during play testing but decided to keep it that way.
             | Arguably, it's one of the most compelling aspects of the
             | game. Modern emulators have to add code game-specific code
             | to limit the speed or the game plays too fast. Leaving no
             | CPU cycles unused is the sign of an elegant design.
        
             | chrisweekly wrote:
             | That reminds me of the music in the film "Inception", in
             | which the extremely low-register bass-heavy music in the
             | background of scenes from lower levels of dream-in-dream is
             | actually the main score, played back dramatically (and
             | semantically / thematically) slower and lower.
        
         | wormpilled wrote:
         | I absolutely loved that looping music track, please authors
         | make it available.
        
           | ralfhn wrote:
           | From the author on twitter[1] "The background music is a
           | cello performance by Iratxe Ibaibarriaga and composed by
           | Aleix Ramon" [1]
           | https://x.com/nealagarwal/status/1998788695449808920
        
         | gizmo385 wrote:
         | The music was breathtaking here - I'd absolutely pay for a
         | version of it. Really solidified the experience
        
           | ralfhn wrote:
           | From the author on twitter[1] "The background music is a
           | cello performance by Iratxe Ibaibarriaga and composed by
           | Aleix Ramon"
           | 
           | [1] https://x.com/nealagarwal/status/1998788695449808920
        
         | voxleone wrote:
         | I love how the music swells and becomes more intricate as life
         | expands and grows more complicated.
        
         | anon_cow1111 wrote:
         | Anyone find an actual link for the finished track? Credits are
         | mentioned on his site and twitter but I didn't find it anywhere
         | when searching for the artist names.
        
         | 01HNNWZ0MV43FF wrote:
         | Thank you for sharing this, I played Operation Neptune as a kid
         | and never noticed the dynamic music!
        
         | tracerbulletx wrote:
         | This is something you do when scoring a game too, wonder if the
         | author ever worked on game programming.
        
           | jevogel wrote:
           | The rest of the author's website is a bunch of games, so I'd
           | say so.
        
         | vanderZwan wrote:
         | So I guess _Operation Neptune_ was the inspiration for UFO 50s
         | _Porgy_?
         | 
         | https://ufo50.miraheze.org/wiki/Porgy
        
         | cachius wrote:
         | Oh noes, I explored with sound off.
        
         | WhyNotHugo wrote:
         | It truly is, thanks for pointing it out! I just went through
         | the entire site 5 minutes ago and it didn't occur to me to grab
         | my headphones and turn sound on first.
        
         | AleixR wrote:
         | Hi there, I'm the composer of the soundtrack--glad that you
         | enjoyed the music.
         | 
         | The idea was to have a single instrument (a cello) that builds
         | upon itself, like the cells in an organism. It starts with a
         | very minimalistic loop, and new layers of music are
         | progressively added as the organisms grow in size.
         | 
         | Thanks for sharing Operation Neptune! I didn't know about it,
         | but it's a great example of early adaptive game music.
        
       | robrain wrote:
       | I've got a sudden strong urge to play Katamari Damacy.
        
       | adammarples wrote:
       | What about that 3.5 sq mil fungi
        
         | larodi wrote:
         | yes indeed, fungi are under-represented here
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armillaria_ostoyae
        
       | SubiculumCode wrote:
       | Why haven't I seen a Tardigrade with my eyeball? It seems like
       | they are the size of a spot on a ladybug from the pics.
        
         | LeifCarrotson wrote:
         | Because you clearly haven't spent enough time closely looking
         | at pond and river water!
         | 
         | Our local parks department has several annual events where they
         | ask for volunteers to help perform benthic macroinvertebrate
         | surveys. It basically amounts to meeting up at a local park
         | with a couple people in waders dragging special nets along the
         | bottom, dumping scoops of material into buckets and large,
         | shallow, white trays, and others sitting at picnic tables with
         | spoons, magnifying glasses, and muffin tins sorting out the
         | critters that get caught in the nets.
         | 
         | The cool part is that at the end, you can score the creek based
         | on the quantity and types of larvae that you find: Caddisfly,
         | mayfly, and stonefly larvae are very sensitive to factors like
         | runoff from agriculture and road salt, sediment, water
         | oxygenation, and other factors, beetles, crayfish, dragonflies,
         | and scuds are moderately tolerant, while leeches, worms,
         | midges, and flies will grow in anything. Thousands of these
         | surveys happen every year, so you can compare the relative
         | frequency and quantity of various species and determine the
         | relative health of the stream.
         | 
         | I don't know how many tardigrades you'll find just scooping
         | 4-8mm nymphs and larvae by eye, but I've brought my microscope
         | to a couple and put random droplets of water under a cover and
         | slide: there are an astonishing number of tiny critters
         | swimming around at any zoom level.
        
           | HelloUsername wrote:
           | You have seen a tardigrade with the naked eye (without
           | microscope), that's as large as a spot on a ladybug?
        
             | LeifCarrotson wrote:
             | No, sorry if that wasn't clear, I've not identified one by
             | eye without a scope. Maybe your fine vision is better than
             | mine, but all the tiniest things in a drop of water are
             | just about indistinguishable without magnification. The
             | kinds of water that have sufficient density to contain a
             | tardigrade just look like they're full of grit, I don't
             | think you could identify which speck was a tardigrade and
             | which was just dirt.
             | 
             | Nymphs are larger (that's why they call them "macro"
             | invertebrates), but it's always good to have at least a
             | magnifying glass if not a loupe or microscope on site.
        
               | isametry wrote:
               | As a non-native speaker, TIL that "magnifying glass" and
               | "loupe" are not synonyms. According to Wikipedia:
               | 
               | > [Loupes] generally have higher magnification than a
               | magnifying glass, and are designed to be held or worn
               | close to the eye.
        
           | myself248 wrote:
           | Do you set aside the tasty-looking ones and wrap it up with a
           | seafood boil?
        
         | rsynnott wrote:
         | The spot on the ladybug is black against red, usually (there
         | are many varieties); it's very conveniently highlighted. We're
         | better at seeing "bold colour on bold colour" than "semi-
         | translucent thing in water".
        
       | JDEW wrote:
       | Beautiful site. Also very pleased to see the mitochondrion being
       | referred to as the powerhouse of the cell, as is law.
        
       | dwa3592 wrote:
       | [edited] - It's incredible to think that it starts from DNA, is
       | 3.5nm tall and the solid silicon fins in our phone's transistor
       | is twice that.
        
         | kyriakos wrote:
         | The chip is not smaller than 3.5nm; but a component on the chip
         | is that small.
        
       | sheepolog wrote:
       | Very cool. I was surprised that orangutans are described as being
       | only 2 feet 9 inches tall, I think most are a bit larger. Maybe
       | when sitting they're under 3 feet? From wikipedia:
       | 
       | "females typically stand 115 cm (45 in) tall and weigh around 37
       | kg (82 lb), while adult males stand 137 cm (54 in) tall and weigh
       | 75 kg (165 lb). The tallest orangutan recorded was a 180 cm (71
       | in)."
        
         | LeifCarrotson wrote:
         | It's using the size of the ruler, matching the posture as shown
         | in the image. A few keys over and there's a picture of a
         | grizzly bear that says it is 1m or 3'4" tall. And maybe when
         | it's on all fours, that's a typical measurement to the
         | shoulders - its arm length, more or less.
         | 
         | That's much shorter than the human at 1.7m or 5'7". From just
         | those numbers, you might think that a human would weigh more
         | than a grizzly or take one in a fight: But when a bear stands
         | on its hind legs, it's 2.4m/8' tall and can be 800 lbs, I'd
         | have put a grizzly way further to the right.
        
       | Moxdi wrote:
       | if anyone that made this sees this, you made a typo on the Dwarf
       | Lanternshark, its not Columbia, its ColOmbia
        
       | conorbergin wrote:
       | >microns to inches
       | 
       | absolutely foul
        
       | modeless wrote:
       | Reminds me of the classic "powers of 10" video:
       | https://youtu.be/0fKBhvDjuy0. Someone ought to remake that but as
       | a gaussian splat reconstruction, so you can freely move the
       | camera as well as zoom.
        
       | cgh wrote:
       | "Compressible rodent" was not a phrase I thought I'd ever hear
       | but I'm glad I did. Worth the price of a couple of coffees.
        
       | JKCalhoun wrote:
       | Banana, ha ha.
        
       | ramaniyer wrote:
       | cool and artistic app, how did you make this
        
       | kayge wrote:
       | If anyone wants to set this up to auto-run all the way to the
       | right and then all the way back to the left, here is a vibe-coded
       | (sorry) browser console script. Makes a great "screen-saver" if
       | you kick off the script and then put your browser in full screen
       | mode :)                   (function() {             let direction
       | = 'right'; // Start by going right             let intervalId;
       | function getCurrentAnimalName() {                 const animalDiv
       | = document.querySelector('.animal-name');                 return
       | animalDiv ? animalDiv.textContent.trim() : '';             }
       | function pressKey(keyCode) {                 const event = new
       | KeyboardEvent('keydown', {                     key: keyCode ===
       | 37 ? 'ArrowLeft' : 'ArrowRight',                     keyCode:
       | keyCode,                     code: keyCode === 37 ? 'ArrowLeft' :
       | 'ArrowRight',                     which: keyCode,
       | bubbles: true                 });
       | document.dispatchEvent(event);             }
       | function autoScroll() {                 const currentName =
       | getCurrentAnimalName();                                  if
       | (direction === 'right') {                     pressKey(39); //
       | Right arrow                                          if
       | (currentName === 'Pando Clone') {
       | console.log('Reached Pando Clone, switching to left');
       | direction = 'left';                     }                 } else
       | {                     pressKey(37); // Left arrow
       | if (currentName === 'DNA') {
       | console.log('Reached DNA, switching to right');
       | direction = 'right';                     }                 }
       | }                  // Start the interval             intervalId =
       | setInterval(autoScroll, 3000);                          // Log
       | start message and provide stop function
       | console.log('Auto-scroll started! To stop, call:
       | stopAutoScroll()');                          // Expose stop
       | function globally             window.stopAutoScroll = function()
       | {                 clearInterval(intervalId);
       | console.log('Auto-scroll stopped');             };         })();
        
         | ekipan wrote:
         | Cannot stand robot code. Thanks for the genuinely cool thing
         | though. I hope you don't mind me rewriting, if only for my own
         | satisfaction.                 {         const s =
         | window.scroller = {}         const press = (key, code) => () =>
         | document.dispatchEvent(new KeyboardEvent('keydown', {
         | key: key, keyCode: code,             which: key, code: code,
         | bubbles: true           }));         const step = () => {
         | const div = document.querySelector('.animal-name')
         | const name = div?.textContent.trim()           if (name ===
         | 'Pando Clone') s.dir = s.left           if (name === 'DNA')
         | s.dir = s.right           s.dir()         }         s.left =
         | press(37, 'ArrowLeft')         s.right = s.dir = press(39,
         | 'ArrowRight')         s.start = (ms) => s.ival =
         | setInterval(step, ms)         s.stop = () =>
         | clearInterval(s.ival)       }       scroller.start(5000)
        
           | kayge wrote:
           | I don't mind at all, your rewrite looks much more elegant.
           | Thanks!
        
             | ekipan wrote:
             | You could try posting both at the LLM and ask it to explain
             | the stuff I changed, if you're interested in learning more
             | Javascript. Assuming you aren't already deep in the JS
             | trenches and only vibed bc you couldn't be bothered.
        
       | newman8r wrote:
       | It claims a banana isn't technically living, but a banana has
       | living cells so I'm not sure how accurate that is. I'm not sure
       | when they're all considered 'dead' after harvesting though -
       | maybe some wiggle room there.
        
         | mritterhoff wrote:
         | My understanding is that picked fruits and veg are still alive
         | [1], and often respirating [2]. This is a big component in
         | figuring out how to refrigerate them at the optimal
         | temperatures and atmospheric makeup.
         | 
         | 1. https://healthland.time.com/2013/06/21/theyre-alive-
         | harveste... 2. https://agriculture.institute/food-chemistry-
         | and-physiology/...
        
         | HelloUsername wrote:
         | I think the banana was mostly added as a joke:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiducial_marker#%22Banana_for_...
        
           | newman8r wrote:
           | I got the reference, it's just the 'not technically alive'
           | part that I was calling out
        
       | jakemanger wrote:
       | This is simply beautiful, and will definitely inspire me with
       | some arty projects I'm working on.
       | 
       | Great work -> the minimalist UI, art and music fits amazingly.
       | 
       | One thing I noticed: the site's images fail to load if the brave
       | adblocker is on
        
       | thangalin wrote:
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KEHCCsFFIuY
       | 
       | Star Size Comparison 3, simply a stunning visualization.
        
       | jwpapi wrote:
       | Neal is him
        
       | system2 wrote:
       | If I see a neal.fun link on HN, I click.
        
       | marseysneed wrote:
       | 1 nitpick: The Dwarf Lanternshark is not found off the coast of
       | "Columbia" but "Colombia!"
        
         | leourbina wrote:
         | Came to say exactly the same thing :)
        
       | phkahler wrote:
       | EDIT: Nevermind. Perhaps it was an ad that I clicked on. Lots of
       | comments here indicating they don't see it, and some that did.
       | 
       | My Original comment here (too late to delete):
       | 
       | Beware. When you reach the end there is a "more projects" button.
       | In there is a cute IQ test (possibly appealing to the HN crowd).
       | When you reach the end of the test it asks for email, and then
       | ultimately wants $1 to get your results. If you pay by credit
       | card due note that there is an auto-checked box for some $29.99
       | per month subscription for... something.
        
         | varenc wrote:
         | Link? couldn't find the IQ test in more projects. And super
         | skeptical neal.fun is trying to trick people into $30/month
         | subscriptions
         | 
         | edit: I turned off my ad blocker and discovered the site is
         | showing some ads. Guessing you clicked on an ad?
         | 
         | also it's pretty ironic because one of his projects is
         | showcasing dark patterns: https://neal.fun/dark-patterns/
        
         | waxpancake wrote:
         | This is definitely not something Neal would ever do. Can you
         | share the URL you're talking about? There's no IQ test in his
         | projects list at all. https://neal.fun/
        
         | pxndx wrote:
         | Are you sure about that? for me it just leads to neal.fun,
         | which is a well loved by HN list of projects, but no IQ test
         | nor begging for money.
        
         | abustamam wrote:
         | I can't seem to find the IQ test. I see captcha and other
         | "games"
        
         | WD-42 wrote:
         | Ironically this sounds like a piece of satire Neal would make.
        
         | beejiu wrote:
         | For what it's worth, there are AdSense interstitial ads on the
         | site, so you probably got duped by one of those ads.
        
         | krosaen wrote:
         | Saw this too on mobile - I think it's an ad - I requested a
         | paid ad-free version elsewhere in the comments
        
       | foxrider wrote:
       | Missing a mushroom from Oregon [1]
       | 
       | [1] https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/strange-but-
       | true-...
        
       | runtimepanic wrote:
       | Tools like this are surprisingly effective for teaching,
       | especially compared to static diagrams. Interaction makes the
       | scale differences stick.
        
         | abustamam wrote:
         | When my daughter is old enough, I'm definitely going to show
         | her a bunch of visualizations on Neal's site as supplementary
         | education. I learned so much from these visualizations as an
         | adult, and even without being able to read you can get a sense
         | of scale.
        
           | runtimepanic wrote:
           | Totally agree! Even as adults, the sense of scale hits
           | differently when you interact with it. Your daughter will
           | probably love discovering it too.
        
           | mncharity wrote:
           | > When my daughter is old enough
           | 
           | Fwiw, I've done a pinch-nail-hand-arms 1-10-100-1000 mm "body
           | as size reference" a couple of times around 5ish. And a 1000x
           | "micro view" "pinch is zoomed to arms size" "it's like a
           | scale model or doll playset - everything zoomed together"
           | world of "bacteria sprinkles, red blood cell candies (M&M
           | minis or concave Smarties minis or Sweetarts - there's lots
           | of cell candy analogs), hair poles, salt/sugar boxes".
           | Stories of sitting on a grain of salt and eating... etc; pet
           | eyelash mites. No idea if it actually worked.
           | 
           | I did some user-test videos, now only on archive.org.[1]
           | Hmm... the "Arms, hands" video there now doesn't seem to play
           | inline? - but does wget'ed and browsered. :/
           | 
           | [1] https://web.archive.org/web/20221007220513/www.clarifysci
           | enc...
        
         | nrhrjrjrjtntbt wrote:
         | I felt like I was at a museum exhibit. It is fantastic.
        
       | krosaen wrote:
       | Neal.fun is good clean fun - my kids love it too. Neal, if you
       | are listening, would pay for an ad-free version (I already bought
       | you some coffees too).
        
       | sungho_ wrote:
       | What surprised me most was how large a single neuron is.
        
         | jbotz wrote:
         | In generalized, abstract sort of way it's probably accurate,
         | but in reality most neurons don't look much like that and many
         | have dendrites orders of magnitude longer than the one in that
         | image. Stringing all your dendrites end-to-end they can
         | probably easily go to the moon and back.
        
       | genix wrote:
       | Well made!
        
       | js2 wrote:
       | Nit: the tool-tips on the action icons in the top-right aren't
       | consistent.
       | 
       | When music is playing the tool tip is "unmute" which is a verb.
       | It should either be "mute" (to indicate what clicking will do) or
       | "unmuted" (adjective) indicating the current state. Similarly,
       | when the music is muted the tool-tip should either be "muted" or
       | "unmute".
       | 
       | I'm not sure _which_ is wanted (verb or adjective) because the
       | ruler tool-tip uses "Hide Ruler" and "Show Ruler" (verb), while
       | the units tool-tip uses "Units: imperial" and "Units: Metric"
       | (adjective). The info tool-tip ("Info") is also an adjective.
       | 
       | For consistency, I'd use a verb-phrase in all the tool tips:
       | 
       | - "Show info"
       | 
       | - "Switch units to metric/imperial"
       | 
       | - "Hide/show ruler"
       | 
       | - "Mute/unmute music"
       | 
       | I mean, I know this is pedantic nit-picking, but the site is so
       | perfect, what else am I going to do?
        
       | hermitcrab wrote:
       | Great job.
       | 
       | I did a side project that helps with comparisons, but in a rather
       | different way (e.g. how many African elephants does something
       | weigh). Not as slick as this site, but someone might find it
       | useful:
       | 
       | http://howmanyelephants.co.uk/
        
         | mncharity wrote:
         | Nice. Two quick UI thoughts. Upon loading, perhaps start with
         | some unit selected, and a default amount 1, so there's
         | immediate content to be seen? And to extend the experience,
         | maybe add a "dice roll" button, so users can "see more neat
         | things" click-click-click without the cognitive overhead of
         | pathing the option space
        
           | hermitcrab wrote:
           | That is a possibility, thanks.
        
       | MagicMoonlight wrote:
       | He always makes great content, I love it.
        
       | macleginn wrote:
       | Blood cells are huge!
        
       | arunc wrote:
       | It was great until Sea snail appeared in inches. Transitioning
       | from micrometer/milliliter to inches is _pretty rough_
        
         | Mogzol wrote:
         | For me it appears in millimetres, but I'm in Canada not the US.
         | I'm guessing the default is chosen based on your browser's
         | language. You can change the units in the top right.
         | 
         | Edit: I checked the page's code and it does indeed set the
         | units based on language. If your language is "en-US" you get
         | imperial by default, everyone else gets metric.
        
       | susiecambria wrote:
       | Sorry to say that my first reaction was that this is heresy. . .
       | all this talk of _science_ is a hoax.
       | 
       | But then the music calmed me right down and I wended my way
       | through, not understanding 99% of what I saw but in awe of nature
       | and Neal's art nonetheless.
        
         | yunnpp wrote:
         | Did you just escape from a religious sect living inside an
         | underwater cavern or something?
        
       | talksik wrote:
       | beautiful soundscapes
        
       | nrhrjrjrjtntbt wrote:
       | I am sure everyone has their own mind blown moment, and for me it
       | was there being an animal about the size of a red blood cell.
        
       | spydr wrote:
       | The Japanese spider crab being the same size as a tiger shocked
       | me.
        
       | varispeed wrote:
       | What made the DNA?
        
       | ptak wrote:
       | Illustrations are fantastic
        
         | ge96 wrote:
         | looks like they don't show up with an adblocker
        
       | psikomanjak wrote:
       | amazing job
        
       | bariswheel wrote:
       | The music is so moving, tear inducing. One of the best links I've
       | seen posted here and I've been here 15+ years. Well done Neal. I
       | wish credit was given to the music, anyone know who created it?
        
         | hypertexthero wrote:
         | The following from clicking on the i on the top-right after
         | starting the show:
         | 
         | > Created by Neal Agarwal
         | 
         | > Illustrations by Julius Csotonyi
         | 
         | > Production by Liz Ryan
         | 
         | > Music & SFX by Aleix Ramon
         | 
         | > Cello performance by Iratxe Ibaibarriaga
         | 
         | Beautiful work.
        
         | gizmo385 wrote:
         | If you click the "i" info button in the top right, it'll list
         | the full credits, including those who worked on the music.
        
       | hashstring wrote:
       | So many loving comments, I have nothing more to add to them, and
       | nothing to subtract from them.
        
       | kreelman wrote:
       | So wonderful. Thanks for making this so open. I'll show it to my
       | kids. The artwork is very good and the soundtrack too.
        
       | danielfalbo wrote:
       | For comparison: ASML machines print chips with precision up to
       | 2nm.
       | 
       | https://www.asml.com/en/products/euv-lithography-systems/twi...
        
         | ag8 wrote:
         | Not 13?
        
         | jfarlow wrote:
         | And the atoms in the proteins and DNA that are exactly
         | replicated to the atom each have a feature sizes resolved at
         | fractions of a nanometer in 3 dimensions (and likely in
         | time/dynamics too).
        
       | worldsayshi wrote:
       | I didn't know tardigrades can be big enough to be seen with the
       | naked eye. Apparently big enough to be seen but not big enough to
       | be recognised without magnification.
        
       | njarboe wrote:
       | Fun to see the Jerboa. I recently read a family history written
       | by my uncle and he believes this is the source of our family
       | name.
        
       | cantalopes wrote:
       | Why would th3 website switch from metric to usa units out of
       | nowhere m
        
       | higgins wrote:
       | where is Solaris?
        
       | thymine_dimer wrote:
       | (Uninsightful comment but I'm gonna put it here anyway) The US
       | spelling of haemoglobin is all kinds of wrong. Love the site.
       | Would love some algae in there though. Perhaps a desmid or
       | diatom?
        
       | nickvec wrote:
       | Always a joy to see neal.fun on the HN front page.
        
       | MarcelOlsz wrote:
       | >Music & SFX by Aleix Ramon >Cello performance by Iratxe
       | Ibaibarriaga
       | 
       | Got a link to the music?
        
       | p2detar wrote:
       | I'm pleasantly surprised that Tyrannosaurus rex's tiny hands were
       | depicted so accurately. As far as I recall, scientists are still
       | puzzled about why it even had hands. Apparently, they were too
       | small to be useful for anything, not even scratching its face.
        
       | pazimzadeh wrote:
       | This has DNA as the smallest object and has a large protein next
       | to it, so it misses the fact that a gene's DNA is almost always
       | larger by weight and volume than the protein it encodes.
        
       | g_host56 wrote:
       | Beautiful website, love that it's using vue.
        
       | darepublic wrote:
       | this has more of an indie gem feel compared to the blockbuster
       | that was stimulation clicker. as others have mentioned it reminds
       | me of scale of the universe flash animation. I think borrowing
       | some ideas from that, including zooming in and out rather than
       | side to side, could have benefits here.
        
       | ProllyInfamous wrote:
       | CGP Grey does a similar video -- spanning the sizes of our entire
       | observable universe -- called "Metric Paper" [0]
       | 
       | [0] https://www.yout-ube.com/watch?v=pUF5esTscZI
       | 
       | Even if you've never taken a mild psychedelic, this video hits in
       | a similar manner (as sober metaphor).
       | 
       | ----
       | 
       | I still drive with Neal.fun's Internet Roadtrip (same OP link
       | author), every time I'm out in my workshop.
        
         | kec wrote:
         | These are all riffs on "Powers of 10", a film made in the 70's
         | for IBM by Charles and Ray Eames:
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0fKBhvDjuy0
        
       | takira wrote:
       | Did a great job keeping the scale jumps fresh. Every step had a
       | little twist instead of just a commonly known larger animal on
       | the next slide. Wild that the Japanese spider crab is basically
       | the same size as an orangutan.
        
       | vinhnx wrote:
       | > Human: A highly social, relatively hairless bipedal ape that
       | was once a nomadic hunter-gatherer, but has adapted to create
       | websites.
       | 
       | Thanks for the laugh!
        
         | ronbenton wrote:
         | Going to make this my LinkedIn headline
        
       | buyTheDip wrote:
       | That was fun, neal.fun.
        
       | the-mitr wrote:
       | One of the books that got me introduced to this fascinating
       | aspect of our natural world is John Tyler Bonner's Size and
       | Cycle. It has features amazing log-log plots of how different
       | organisms from grow with time: from eggs to full-grown organisms.
       | This kind of visualisation gives you a different perspective on
       | growth and scale
       | 
       | For example, Sequoia gigantea Sequoia is the largest tree and can
       | be effectively compared to the annual plant shown above.
       | Fertilization and the early growth to the seed stage are
       | essentially similar, but because of the cambium and the
       | possibility of secondary thickening, the size of the tree can
       | increase enormously. As can be seen from Figure 1 in the text,
       | the sequoia does not begin to set seed until it is sixty years
       | old and eighty meters tall.
       | 
       | https://postimg.cc/hfdGGJ8H
        
       | kretaceous wrote:
       | Interesting things from this:
       | 
       | - Smallest animal: Myxobolus Shekel. Smaller than a WBC at 10
       | micrometeres.
       | 
       | - Biggest butterfly: Queen Alexandra's Birdwing. Bigger than
       | human brain at 18cm.
       | 
       | - Largest insect to ever live: Meganeura (283 MYA). At 40cm long,
       | a dragonfly larger than a house cat.
       | 
       | - Rafflesias are larger than German Shepherds
       | 
       | - Earth's largest crab: Japanese Spider Crab. 1m, legs pan of
       | 3.75m. More than half the size of a human.
       | 
       | - Always thought Mososaurs were largest animal to ever live but
       | it's the Blue whale at 26m. I don't think I ever appreciated how
       | unfathomably huge they are. (The largest Mosasaur found was 13m.
       | There's a speculated size of 17m as well.)
       | 
       | - World's largest living tree: Hyperion - a giant redwood in
       | california at 115m.
       | 
       | Love seeing something so polished and inspiring. Amazing
       | illustrations and even better music.
       | 
       | Thanks Neal for these projects!
        
       | manlymuppet wrote:
       | The music is phenomenal. Really, really phenomenal.
        
       | utopcell wrote:
       | nicely done.
        
       | ComputerGuru wrote:
       | Onl missing a Wikipedia link on each page!
        
       | baalimago wrote:
       | Why not "microinches" while you're at it?
        
       | klaushougesen1 wrote:
       | !! super nice thanks !
        
       | shahzaibmushtaq wrote:
       | Is banana a life? If yes, then hundreds of other lives are not
       | included in this project.
       | 
       | A simple idea but fabulous execution!
        
       | vrighter wrote:
       | awesome that there was a banana for scale!
        
       | bicepjai wrote:
       | Great webapp. There is a similar app that I love to scroll
       | through from time to time. Its free and needs no internet
       | connection. https://apps.apple.com/us/app/universe-in-a-
       | nutshell/id15263... The range of size in the universe, from the
       | tiniest particles to the epic galaxies - we take you on a journey
       | of size that lets you explore it all with a single swipe.
        
       | Simplita wrote:
       | Crazy how something so simple hits so hard. Always wild to see
       | how much meaning people can pack into a minimal format.
        
       | Evidlo wrote:
       | The people on the page look really scary with DarkReader enabled.
        
       | oscord wrote:
       | Why not the super cluster?
        
       | gauravbluepi wrote:
       | Like all of your projects....thank you for sharing
        
       | bobnarizes wrote:
       | HUMAN
       | 
       | A highly social, relatively hairless bipedal ape that was once a
       | nomadic hunter-gatherer, but has adapted to create websites. :)
        
       | filo404 wrote:
       | This is what the web should be
        
       | maelito wrote:
       | The first page looks like a book. It's awesome. Thanks, so
       | refreshing. No fucking inhuman cookie banner.
        
       | k__ wrote:
       | A week ago, I learned that animals weren't bigger in the past.
       | 
       | Sure, there were dinosaurs that were quite big, but they weren't
       | living all at the same time. So there was maybe a big one, that
       | died out, and the next big one would evolve much later.
       | 
       | As this project shows, the biggest animals and plants are living
       | right now.
       | 
       | Also, we're living in the time with the biggest spiders in
       | history. Somehow they don't get that big on average. Turns out,
       | the high oxygen levels in the past didn't affect arachnid sizes
       | as much as insect sizes.
        
       | singularity2001 wrote:
       | it seems strange E. Coli can fit 70,000 ribosomes
        
       | tcsenpai wrote:
       | I find it amazing, that we can build microprocessors with
       | transistors the size of a DNA molecule
        
       | mchinen wrote:
       | If you liked the first half of this site and want an extension,
       | Cell Biology by the Numbers (2015, Milo, Phillips,
       | https://book.bionumbers.org/) is great and has a similar
       | intuition-building fun sense about size as well as various other
       | measurements, including weight, time and energy at the atomic to
       | micro-organism level.
        
       | thunderbong wrote:
       | On a desktop screen, you also see a 'Compare To' button which
       | puts the current and the compared one beside each other!
        
       | hamiecod wrote:
       | It makes me emotional when I think about where life started and
       | what it evolved into. Life created so many different types of
       | organisms, each having different features while maintaining the
       | equilibrium of the planet. From bacteria, to massive dinosaurs,
       | to tiny homosapiens who inevitably control the largest organisms.
        
       | 8-prime wrote:
       | My main takeaway was that I had no clue how large Krill can get.
       | To think that Antarctic Krill is as long as the Bee Hummingbird
       | is tall is absurd to me.
        
       | ebastiban wrote:
       | You are an artist, a good one .
        
       | dsign wrote:
       | Amazing!
       | 
       | I always thought that the best we could do for targeted drug
       | delivery was an adenovirus. But after seeing that parasite being
       | only slightly bigger than a red blood cell, I think we can do
       | better...
        
       | catoc wrote:
       | No.fun in the cookie dialogue. Had to click 26 (sic!) switches to
       | opt out of being tracked.
        
         | miramba wrote:
         | It is encouraging to know that I am not the only one who does
         | that (sometimes, on interesting sites. otherwise I just leave).
        
           | catoc wrote:
           | I would have definitely left normally. Just wanted to see the
           | site.
           | 
           | And I know this also likely not Neil's idea of fun, and
           | mostly the silly EU rules that are to blame but still,
           | dialogs without a directly available "refuse all" are the
           | worst
        
           | kunley wrote:
           | Yes, you are not the only one.
        
         | qn9n wrote:
         | Honestly I don't really see cookie banners anymore because I
         | have a dismiss feature built into my ad blocker.
        
           | catoc wrote:
           | Always afraid that auto dismiss results in auto allow-all on
           | thus type of dialog.
        
         | N-Krause wrote:
         | uBlock seemed to have handled it for me.
        
           | kunley wrote:
           | Not on mobile..
        
             | gl-prod wrote:
             | Firefox on mobile can install ublock
        
               | fortyseven wrote:
               | On Firefox mobile with unblock, here. Experienced nothing
               | intrusive. It works, apparently. :)
        
       | anoplus wrote:
       | So many new facts to learn and I like how popular a post about
       | the natural world is here
        
       | bilsbie wrote:
       | You're telling me a white blood cell is only ten times longer
       | than mitochondria?
       | 
       | How is that possible? Doesn't it contain at least thousands?
        
       | solarized wrote:
       | All hail web based apps!
       | 
       | We really dont need playStore and appStore to run beautiful
       | things like this.
        
       | 01-_- wrote:
       | Wow! That's very interesting.
        
       | XCSme wrote:
       | Neurons are huge
        
       | AleixR wrote:
       | Hi all! I'm Aleix Ramon, the music composer of the soundtrack.
       | 
       | Since some of you asked, here's the soundtrack on Bandcamp:
       | https://aleixramon.bandcamp.com/album/size-of-life-original-...
       | 
       | There you can download it in high quality, and it's a pay-what-
       | you-want: you can get it for free if you want, or pay what you
       | feel like and support me. Either way, I'm happy that you enjoy
       | it!
       | 
       | The music should also be on Spotify, Apple Music, and most music
       | streaming services within the next 24h.
       | 
       | A bit about the process of scoring Size of Life:
       | 
       | I've worked with Neal before on a couple of his other games,
       | including Absurd Trolley Problems, so we were used to working
       | together (and with his producer--you're awesome, Liz!). When Neal
       | told me about Size of Life, we had an inspiring conversation
       | about how the music could make the players feel.
       | 
       | The core idea was that it should enhance that feeling of wondrous
       | discovery, but subtly, without taking the attention away from the
       | beautiful illustrations.
       | 
       | I also thought it should reflect the organisms' increasing size--
       | as some of you pointed out, the music grows with them. I think of
       | it as a single instrument that builds upon itself, like the cells
       | in an increasingly complex organism. So I composed 12 layers that
       | loop indefinitely--as you progress, each layer is added, and as
       | you go back, they're subtracted. The effect is most clear if you
       | get to the end and then return to the smaller organisms!
       | 
       | Since the game has an encyclopedia vibe to it, I proposed to go
       | with a string instrument to give it a subtle "Enlightenment-era"
       | and "cultural" feel. I was suspecting the cello could be a good
       | instrument because of its range and expressivity.
       | 
       | Coincidentally, the next week I met the cellist Iratxe
       | Ibaibarriaga at a game conference in Barcelona, where I'm based,
       | and she immediately became the ideal person for it. She's done a
       | wonderful job bringing a ton of expressivity to the playing, and
       | it's been a delight to work with her.
       | 
       | I got very excited when Neal told me he was making an educational
       | game--I come from a family of school teachers. I've been scoring
       | games for over 10 years, but this is the first educational game
       | I've scored.
       | 
       | In a way, now the circle feels complete!
       | 
       | (if anyone wants to reach out, feel free to do so! You can find
       | me and all my stuff here: https://www.aleixramon.com/ )
        
       | js8 wrote:
       | I would like to play an open world game (like Minecraft) where 1
       | in-game meter equals 1 micrometer in the real world. That way,
       | one could get a feeling about the scale of things.
        
         | mncharity wrote:
         | Hmm, perhaps with flying? When stuck on the ground, people's
         | feel for size gets poorer as things get bigger (tall buildings,
         | clouds, map distances). I think of having 4ish orders of
         | magnitude available for visual reference in a classroom (cm to
         | 10 m), plus less robustly 100 m and km in AR. At that
         | micrometer per meter, a grain of salt towers over a city
         | skyline - "nano view" in [1] (eep - a decade ago now - I was
         | about to take another pass at it as covid hit).
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://web.archive.org/web/20221007220513/http://www.clarif...
        
       | chakintosh wrote:
       | > Human A highly social, relatively hairless bipedal ape that was
       | once a nomadic hunter-gatherer, but has adapted to create
       | websites.
        
       | Helmut10001 wrote:
       | Great visualization! It would have been nice to zoom out to a
       | view of the world from space at the end, since this is really the
       | max size of life as we know it (n=1 so far).
        
       | Zak wrote:
       | Never before have I seen the message "Firefox has been terminated
       | by the Linux kernel because the system is low on memory". Thanks
       | for a new experience!
       | 
       | I do like the visualization.
        
       | its_ethan wrote:
       | Maybe it's a stupid question, but how does the poliovirus "work"?
       | Like at this scale, the DNA strand is still pretty visible and a
       | decent-ish percentage of the polio virus in size.. is it just a
       | ball with DNA inside and not much else? How does it pack enough
       | DNA to replicate itself into it's own size at that scale?
        
         | zxexz wrote:
         | You're pretty close actually. It's a single strand of positive-
         | sense RNA 7.5kb long, and a protein capsule. +ssRNA is treated
         | as mRNA by the host and is directly translated into proteins.
        
       | almog wrote:
       | One error I think I spotted: Wooly Mammoth atill lived 4000 years
       | ago in Wrangel Island but the the website says it got extinct
       | 10,000 years ago.
        
       | xwowsersx wrote:
       | This is absolutely incredible. Thank you.
        
       | fastaguy88 wrote:
       | Nice display, but it starts off with misleading measurements of
       | DNA. The spacing between DNA base pairs is 0.34 nm, so the 10
       | base pairs pictured are in fact 3.4 nm. But the DNA in a single
       | human cell is about 2 meters, and chromosome lengths vary from 2
       | to 10 cm. I am skeptical of the hemoglobin vs ribosome sizes as
       | well; hemoglobin has a molecular weight of about 60,000, while
       | ribosomes weigh more than 5 million.
        
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