[HN Gopher] The past was not that cute
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       The past was not that cute
        
       Author : mhb
       Score  : 385 points
       Date   : 2025-12-06 21:53 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (juliawise.net)
 (TXT) w3m dump (juliawise.net)
        
       | Swizec wrote:
       | Having grown up less-well-to-do _and_ post-communist /socialist,
       | my favorite thing to remind people is that _working class women
       | always worked_. The idealized past of stay-at-home moms never
       | happened for a large majority of families.
       | 
       | Sure sure my great grandma was "stay-at-home". That meant feeding
       | an army of ~8 kids and any additional farm workers every day for
       | 60+ years. She wasn't stay at home, she ran a cantine. _And_
       | worked the farm during peak harvest season.
       | 
       | I'll never forget a quote from a BBC documentary (Ruth Goodman I
       | think): _"While victorian science cautioned that weight lifting
       | is bad for women, the women working their kitchens tossed around
       | 100lb pots every day"_
        
         | tolerance wrote:
         | > I'll never forget a quote from a BBC documentary (Ruth
         | Goodman I think): _"While victorian science cautioned that
         | weight lifting is bad for women, the women working their
         | kitchens tossed around 100lb pots every day"_
         | 
         | What would the modern day iteration of that quote be like?
         | 
         | A woman on a brisk walk through the park mid-afternoon staying
         | on top of the tracked metrics stored on her Apple Watch to
         | offset the time spent sitting at her desk job while another
         | woman lives relatively stationery sitting in traffic at the
         | off-ramp waiting to pull into Erewhon to fulfill the walking
         | woman's Instacart order.
        
         | JuniperMesos wrote:
         | Maybe the reason that victorian scientists cautioned that
         | weightlifting was bad for women is because they noticed poor
         | women without better options lifting a lot of heavy weights in
         | the course of their labors, and noticing that this seemed to be
         | bad for their health.
         | 
         | Also, is that actually a claim that "victorian science" made?
         | That weight lifting is bad for women? I'm just taking for
         | granted that the person quoted in this BBC documentary is
         | accurately characterizing a commonly-held view among Anglophone
         | scientists of the victorian era - but I haven't looked into
         | this myself. Maybe this was not in fact scientific consensus of
         | the time. Maybe Ruth Goodman is uncritically repeating a myth
         | about what the past thought, rather than what the past actually
         | thought.
        
           | Swizec wrote:
           | Ruth is a historian who hosted a bunch of BBC documentaries
           | about regular day to day life a few decades ago. They're
           | great, strong recommend. I assume BBC generally does strong
           | fact checking for things like that. The episode was about how
           | exercise became a thing that people do.
           | 
           | However, I could be misremembering so I went digging. The
           | internet suggests weight lifting was strongly discouraged for
           | women. Here's a pubmed paper:
           | 
           | > Medical experts of that era believed that intense exercise
           | and competition could cause women to become masculine,
           | threaten their ability to bear children, and create other
           | reproductive health complications. Consequently, sport for
           | women was reserved for upper-class women until the mid-
           | twentieth century.
           | 
           | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28886817/
        
         | Spooky23 wrote:
         | The Victorians were talking about "ladies", not the washerwomen
         | and cooks. Ladies are delicate and slight.
         | 
         | The earthy workers existed to toil, not be beautiful. That
         | wasn't their station in life.
        
       | techblueberry wrote:
       | I will pre-empt this by saying I most certainly look to the past
       | with rose colored glasses, and some of this is for sure childhood
       | nostalgia, but one thing I appreciate about the aesthetics of the
       | past is they felt more... Honest; for lack of a better term.
       | Things made out of wood and metal were actually made out of
       | hardwood and metal. Not so many composites that fall apart
       | instead of wear ala wabi-sabi. So I think there's something to
       | the fact that the past was kind of "cute", just not in all
       | storybook way.
       | 
       | Theres a lake I visit in the summer that I've been visiting since
       | the 80's, and the houses used to all be wood cottages with no
       | fences, now they're all mansions, many walled off. Sure the
       | houses weren't insulated, and you would be crammed in there
       | together, but it felt way more.... Human? Communal?
        
         | samdoesnothing wrote:
         | I wonder why it is that the past seems more real and the
         | present dishonest and fake? Is it simply that it is?
        
           | margalabargala wrote:
           | It has a lot to do with the way our memories form and what
           | memories our brains choose to construct from experiences.
           | 
           | The past was not more "real" than present day reality.
        
             | vacuity wrote:
             | At the same time, it's arguable that certain observations
             | such as "commercialization and commoditization have become
             | stronger" are true. We're certainly living in an era where
             | a lot can change in a few decades.
        
               | pixl97 wrote:
               | >living in an era where a lot can change in a few decades
               | 
               | So were people in 1910. You could say the printing press
               | set up the following industrial revolution and things
               | have been accelerating ever since. People talk that in
               | the future there will be a technological singularity that
               | things will go so fast people won't be able to keep up,
               | but really in many ways we've been in it for a while
               | already and it's still accelerating.
        
               | _DeadFred_ wrote:
               | My grandfather rode to school on a horse, saw the last of
               | the nomadic native peoples traveling Iowa, watched polio
               | ruin lives and bring fear, then watched science conquer
               | polio. Watched humans conquer the sky and land on the
               | moon, fought mechanised island warfare as a sent in
               | Marine in the pacific on the side of half the world
               | fighting against the other half of the world. Personally
               | saw the damage of nuclear war in occupied Japan, then
               | watched the world build a 15 minute system for mutually
               | assured nuclear destruction (MAD). Went from mail to
               | shared rural 'party' phone lines, and ended his life with
               | a world connected with a global knowledge network to
               | every home and free video calls to anywhere in the world.
               | He went from canned zucchini/beats in the winter to
               | access to whatever fresh produce (and more importantly
               | ice cream) he wanted all year long.
               | 
               | Unless we make some major breakthroughs, I don't think
               | there will ever be another generation of change like that
               | one.
        
           | techblueberry wrote:
           | I mean - to one extent, concretely in the aesthetic ways I'm
           | talking it was technologically we just had simpler materials.
           | Cars had knobs and levers instead of touchscreens.
           | 
           | Like, so much of what I do today happens online instead of
           | the real world, so I do think you can describe ways in which
           | life or the world really has gotten more "fake".
           | 
           | Though some of this is funny too? I remember things from the
           | say 50's to the 80'w as being more "real" and that's also the
           | like rise of TV dinners and everything eaten out of a can,
           | rather than "real" ingredients.
        
             | pixl97 wrote:
             | >50's to the 80'w as being more "real"
             | 
             | Yea, people really are out of touch with what was going on
             | around them. Naugahyde, for example was invented in 1914.
             | Fake wood on cars started in the 1940s! It is very likely
             | people remembering the 'real' stuff were quite often
             | talking about objects that were far older.
        
               | card_zero wrote:
               | 1861, mauvine: all sorts of women wear a startling shade
               | of synthetic purple. 1862, now it's Parkesine: the new
               | fad is shiny plastic-coated boots.
        
           | sublinear wrote:
           | People focus too much on the new and not enough on the rest.
           | Of course what's new is going to seem fake because it is.
           | Nobody has figured it out yet. The rest never changed or has
           | improved significantly.
           | 
           | Anyone older than about 30 who takes a few minutes to reflect
           | on all the little details of daily life could probably come
           | up with a surprisingly long list of annoying little
           | inconveniences they no longer have to deal with. Beyond that
           | we've had decades worth of casually raising the bar for what
           | is considered common sense and polite. These are the "real"
           | things we take for granted.
        
           | imgabe wrote:
           | It's just focusing on different things. Sure they had wood
           | and metal tools, but they also had literal snake oil, watered
           | stock, and people selling you the Brooklyn Bridge.
        
             | Qwertious wrote:
             | Hey buddy, I'll sell you the Brooklyn bridge for $5 - just
             | post a screenshot of you donating $5 to FSFE and I'll PM
             | you the title deed.
        
           | stephen_g wrote:
           | Modern manufacturing and materials science let us create
           | imitation materials at huge quantity and low cost that wasn't
           | possible before about the '50s-60s.
           | 
           | So you just used to use real materials out of necessity
        
           | SpicyLemonZest wrote:
           | People forget the ways in which the past was fake. Fake
           | butter, for example, was more common than real butter from
           | the 1950s up until the early 2000s. But most people don't eat
           | margarine anymore and so most people don't remember it.
        
             | ocschwar wrote:
             | My childhood was dominated by the smell of licorice in some
             | places because chocolate was too expensive.
        
           | bsenftner wrote:
           | People don't learn history, and I'm not talking about the
           | wars and battles BS that they use to glorify going to war. I
           | mean real history: biographies of the lives of real and
           | ordinary people. Not the history makers, the people that
           | lived through and had the mind to record their lives for
           | prosperity.
           | 
           | Case in point, this notion that the past as "more real" and
           | the present "more fake"... the amount of fake doctors, fake
           | medicine, religious revivals that were actually fleecing
           | entire towns into destitution was out of control. The "wild
           | west" it truly was, and the law was owning a gun because
           | everyone was desperate.
        
             | lo_zamoyski wrote:
             | > Not the history makers
             | 
             | Even the so-called "history makers" are the product of
             | imagination, of myth, and of hagiography. If you met these
             | people today, you wouldn't recognize them if you went by
             | the expectations built up by the images we're fed. The same
             | holds of so-called celebrities.
        
             | Qwertious wrote:
             | Most cowboys didn't own a gun - a gun was a month's pay,
             | and nobody with that sort of money worked as a cowboy.
        
               | bsenftner wrote:
               | 20% to 25% of the cowboys were Black, and that aspect of
               | history has been erased. Hollywood, propagandists and
               | media's efforts to glorify, White wash, and profit off
               | the American West Frontier has 100% distorted our
               | history. It was much closer to this "the past was not
               | cute", and then add in rampant corruption, criminal and
               | religious criminal activity and you art starting to get
               | there.
               | 
               | We are a propaganda nation, far better at it than any
               | other on Earth.
        
           | msla wrote:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feed_sack_dress
           | 
           | > Feed sack dresses, flour sack dresses, or feedsack dresses
           | were a common article of clothing in rural US and Canadian
           | communities from the late 19th century through the mid-20th
           | century. They were made at home, usually by women, using the
           | cotton sacks in which flour, sugar, animal feed, seeds, and
           | other commodities were packaged, shipped, and sold. They
           | became an iconic part of rural life from the 1920s through
           | the Great Depression, World War II, and post-World War II
           | years.
           | 
           | Good, Honest, Old-Fashioned Clothing was Consumerism, too,
           | bucko.
           | 
           | > During World War II it was estimated that 3 million women
           | and children in the United States were wearing feed sack
           | clothing at any given point in time.[7][14] One participant
           | in an oral history project stated that "everything on the
           | clothesline was from feed sacks."[2] The US Department of
           | Agriculture reported in 1951 that 75% of mothers living in
           | urban areas and 97% of those living in rural areas had heard
           | of making garments from feed sacks.[15]
           | 
           | Did Granny make clothes from scratch? Did she, Hell! She
           | bought cloth from a Large Evil Corporation what with the Dark
           | Satanic Mills and Finance Capitalism and she was mainly
           | unhappy she couldn't spend more:
           | 
           | > There was an element of shame experienced by those dressed
           | in flour sack clothing, as it was seen as a mark of poverty,
           | so efforts were often made to hide the fact the clothing was
           | made from feed sacks, such as soaking off logos, dying the
           | fabric, or adding trim.
           | 
           | Our ancestors would be appalled at people wanting to go back
           | to The Good Old Days. They fought and struggled mightily
           | against what the Cottagecore Losers on their Laptops and
           | iPods want.
        
             | Aloha wrote:
             | Your tone is a bit acerbic - but most of your facts are
             | correct.
             | 
             | Part of what was driving feedsack dresses was the
             | agricultural depression from 1918-1939/40
        
           | bazoom42 wrote:
           | As far back as we have written records, we have the notion
           | that people in past were better and more honest and the
           | present day is corrupted.
           | 
           | Classical antiquity had the notion of a lost golden age and a
           | heroic age in past, while later times considered the
           | classical antiquity as the lost golden age. Victorians
           | romanticized the middle ages, while we romantisize the
           | victorians.
           | 
           | It is just easier to see the flaws and imperfections in the
           | present. And there is the survivorship bias: Quality products
           | and buildings survive, while low quality crap is destroyed
           | and lost. The swords survive but the pointy sticks are lost.
           | The good music survive but the crap is forgotten.
        
           | bluefirebrand wrote:
           | The threat of physical violence was a lot more present and
           | real in the past
           | 
           | I think there is a lot of shady and dishonest business that
           | happens now that would get you killed in the past
        
         | supportengineer wrote:
         | A great place to feel this is the USS Hornet in Alameda. This
         | actual ship that you are on, made of steel and loaded with
         | analog electronics, sailed to the far side of the Pacific and
         | back. So much metal, steel, hydraulics, and electrical systems.
         | It made it out and back. Not all the ships did. Mighty ships
         | just like this one, with people like you, did not make it back.
        
           | gerdesj wrote:
           | You could also try HMS Victory in the UK or the Vasa in
           | Sweden (other really old ships are available and some are
           | still sailing).
           | 
           | You might also note that the inhabitants of Hawaii had to
           | have got there somehow and its 2000 odd miles to what is now
           | the US mainland and still quite a long way from anywhere
           | else, eg Tahiti.
        
             | brabel wrote:
             | Hawaii natives are Polynesians! They came the same way New
             | Zealanders did by island hopping in the Pacific. We can
             | only imagine but I guess most of those who tried it died in
             | the middle of nowhere, only a few must have made it, but
             | that's enough.
        
         | andrewvc wrote:
         | Maybe, but really consumerism wasn't a thing for most of
         | history because almost no one had the money to decorate
         | intentionally in the way we do today. The very wealthy did to
         | varying extents. When we look at the past we always imagine
         | ourselves to be the ones in Downton Abbey, but most people were
         | lucky to inherit some furniture.
         | 
         | I would argue that the reverence for real wood and craft you
         | espoused (and I share) is in part possible due to living in a
         | consumerist society. For what it's worth it is still possible
         | to buy those same quality goods today, and certainly at lower
         | cost . However, I would balk at paying the historical fraction
         | of my income (or multiple if we go back to the 1700s), for a
         | new bed.
         | 
         | In short cheap dishonest crap is what we ultimately want. It
         | lets us focus our time and resources elsewhere
        
           | directevolve wrote:
           | A good depiction of the gritty realities and the meaning of
           | material striving for the very poor in turn of the century
           | farm life is the novel Independent People, by Halldor
           | Laxness, an Icelandic nobel laureate.
        
             | AlotOfReading wrote:
             | Keep in mind that Halldor's book is depicting a situation
             | fairly specific to Iceland: people recently freed from debt
             | bondage, in a desperately poor and isolated area caught
             | between much larger forces. It's not an attempt to
             | accurately depict what it meant to be working poor for
             | American laborers, like say grapes of wrath.
        
           | echelon wrote:
           | A lot of online culture laments the modern American life and
           | blames the Boomers for all of our "woes".
           | 
           | The 1950s - 2000s post war boom was a tailwind very few
           | countries get to experience. It's funny how we look back at
           | it as the norm, because that's not what the rest of the world
           | experienced.
           | 
           | There's a reason everything in America was super sized for so
           | long.
           | 
           | Things have averaged out a bit now, but if you look at the
           | trendline, we're still doing remarkably well. The fact that
           | our relatively small population supports the GDP it does is
           | wild.
        
             | roenxi wrote:
             | > The fact that our relatively small population supports
             | the GDP it does is wild.
             | 
             | Yes and no. It is very impressive what humans can do and
             | the US is a remarkable country for managing to achieve what
             | they have. On the other hand, if we're talking GDP it is
             | basically just a trendline [0] of whether you let people
             | better their own lives or not.
             | 
             | The main reason for US success on the GDP front is that the
             | median administrator chooses to make people fail and the US
             | does the best job of resisting that tendency. To me the
             | mystery is less why the US succeeds but more why polities
             | are so committed to failing. It isn't even like there is a
             | political ideology that genuinely wants to make it hard to
             | do business [1]. It mostly happens by accident, foolishness
             | and ignorance.
             | 
             | [0] https://www.grumpy-economist.com/p/the-cost-of-
             | regulation - see the figure, note the logarithmic axis
             | 
             | [1] I suppose the environmentalists, maybe.
        
               | arjie wrote:
               | I think you have one big piece of it: economic progress
               | has a lot of search problems and it is impossible to
               | master-plan it; consequently free intelligence beats
               | centralized regulation. It's a bit out-dated now[0] but
               | _The Fifth Discipline_ distinguishes between  'detail
               | complexity' (things that have a lot of bits you have to
               | figure out) and 'dynamic complexity' (systems that have
               | feedback loops and adaptive participants). It might
               | simply be that handling systems with dynamic complexity
               | is out of the reach of most humans. Economic regulation
               | strikes me as something that can be particularly like a
               | thing that modifies a dynamic system.
               | 
               | In fact, creating good policy in a modern economy might
               | be so dynamically complex that no mind alive today can
               | simultaneously comprehend an adaptive solution and act in
               | such a way as to bring it about.
               | 
               | Perhaps, given this, we are simply spoiled by the
               | effectiveness of certain economic actors (e.g. the
               | Federal Reserve) in maintaining an monetary thermostat.
               | Their success is not the norm so much as it is
               | extraordinary.
               | 
               | 0: which is humorous given this, because the Seinfeld
               | Isn't Funny effect applies to things that become
               | mainstream - insight and humor both disappear as the
               | spark or joke become common knowledge
        
               | nerdponx wrote:
               | > The main reason for US success on the GDP front is that
               | the median administrator chooses to make people fail and
               | the US does the best job of resisting that tendency.
               | 
               | Every component here is ill-defined and doubtful,
               | especially the claim that lower regulation is the "main"
               | reason.
        
               | roenxi wrote:
               | Well; in some sense. The only person on HN who talks
               | seriously about economics is patio11 because he writes
               | those long-form articles that go on for days and could
               | use a bit of an edit. Which is imperfect but certainly
               | the best the community has come up with because it takes
               | a lot of words to tackle economics.
               | 
               | That acknowledged, I did link to a profession economist's
               | blog and he goes in to excruciating detail of what all
               | his terms mean and what he is saying. I'm basically just
               | echoing all that, so if you want the details you can
               | spend a few hours reading what he wrote.
        
               | nerdponx wrote:
               | The article you linked to makes a different claim.
        
               | majormajor wrote:
               | > On the other hand, if we're talking GDP it is basically
               | just a trendline [0] of whether you let people better
               | their own lives or not.
               | 
               | Focusing on GDP handwaves away so much around
               | externalities that it's hard to know where to start with
               | it.
               | 
               | How much worse off would people be if the US GDP was 20%
               | lower but FB/Instagram/Google/everybody-else weren't
               | vacuuming up ad dollars by pushing as-addictive-as-
               | possible mental-junk-food in people's faces to make them
               | feel bad about themselves? How much of that GDP is giving
               | anyone optimism for improving their own individual
               | condition?
               | 
               | How much of the nostalgia for the olden days is about
               | agency and independence and perceived trajectory vs
               | purely material wealth (from a material standpoint, many
               | people today have _more and better stuff_ than boomers
               | did as kids, when a single black and white TV may have
               | been shared by a whole family)?
               | 
               | Would regulation preventing the heads of big-tech
               | advertising firms from keeping as much of that profit for
               | themselves really be a net drain? Some suggestions for
               | that regulation, harkening back to US history:
               | 
               | 1) bring back super-high marginal tax rates to re-
               | encourage more deductions and spread of salaries vs
               | concentration in the top CEOs and execs. worked for the
               | booming 50s! preventing the already-powerful, already-
               | well-off from having another avenue to purely focus on
               | "better their own lives" seemed wise there. seems like
               | there were mega-wealthy super-tycoons both before the
               | "soak the rich" era in US history and after it, but fewer
               | minted during it?
               | 
               | 2) instead of pushing more and more people into overtime
               | or second jobs, go the other way and revitalize the
               | earlier 20th-century trends towards limited work hours.
               | get rid of overtime-exempt classifications while at it.
               | Preventing people from working 100 hours a week to
               | "better their own lives" and preventing them from sending
               | their kids to work as early to "better their own lives"
               | seems to have worked out ok.
               | 
               | 3) crack down on pollution, don't let people "better
               | their own lives" by forcing others to breathe, eat, and
               | walk through their shit
               | 
               | 4) crack down on surveillance, don't let people "better
               | their own lives" by monetizing the private lives of
               | others; focus on letting others enjoy their own lives in
               | peace instead
        
             | boston_clone wrote:
             | Probably worthwhile to separate that span into smaller
             | chunks.
             | 
             | We blame boomers not for what happened in the 50s or 60s,
             | we blame them for voting in and supporting Ronald fckng
             | Reagan and all the bullshit his policies have affected
             | since his presidency.
             | 
             | See: https://thelinknewspaper.ca/article/why-almost-
             | everything-is...
        
               | jibal wrote:
               | Blaming boomers is stupid ... it conflates many different
               | and different kinds of people. I'm a boomer who helped
               | develop the ARPANET (so I'm not technically illiterate
               | ... that's my _parents '_ generation) and I'm a
               | democratic socialist who protested vehemently against
               | Nixon and Reagan (who many in my parents' generation
               | supported). The people to really blame are _right
               | wingers_ and corporations and the uber rich who create
               | bogeymen and false targets like  "boomers" for gullible
               | people to be distracted and deflected by.
        
               | boston_clone wrote:
               | Yeah, like I said, we blame boomers who voted for and
               | supported Reagan.
               | 
               | I'm very aware that a healthy minority opposed him and
               | his policies.
               | 
               | Thank you for your work on ARPANET and remaining a proud
               | socialist! Computer networking is what drew me in to the
               | technology space (not programming like most folks here, I
               | presume), and socialism just might finally be having its
               | due time here in the US (e.g., Mamdani, Katie Wilson).
        
               | card_zero wrote:
               | Oh I see, all our bogeymen are created by a shadowy
               | conspiracy of very rich bogeymen.
        
             | Aloha wrote:
             | 1850-1950 is much closer to a norm over human history -
             | 
             | 3+ catastrophic major wars
             | 
             | 3+ other minor ones.
             | 
             | 2+ great depressions (each of which was as large as ever
             | financial panic 1951-current combined)
             | 
             | 3+ financial panic events
             | 
             | At least one pandemic - plus local epidemics were pretty
             | common.
             | 
             | When I tell people "its never been better than it is today"
             | they dont believe me, but its the honest to god truth.
        
             | carlosjobim wrote:
             | > The 1950s - 2000s post war boom was a tailwind very few
             | countries get to experience.
             | 
             | All countries who had participated in WWII experienced it,
             | winners and losers.
             | 
             | What you said is the compete opposite of the truth.
        
               | nosianu wrote:
               | Having grown up in East Germany, that is the truth. From
               | both my grandparents, born early 20th century, to me
               | things continuously got better. Apart from the war of
               | course. They started little better than servant class and
               | ended up with their own big nice houses, and in comfort.
               | That is true even for the GDR. They lived through war and
               | famine and at least four different currencies and types
               | of government.
               | 
               | They also got more and more educated. From the lowest
               | education to ever higher education degrees, one more step
               | in each new generation. My grandfather tried many new
               | tech hobbies as theY appeared, from (actual, original)
               | tape recorders over mechanical calculators to at the time
               | modern cameras and color slides, to growing hundreds of
               | cactuses in a glasshouse, maybe as a substitute for being
               | unable to travel to those places. I still have lots of
               | quality 1950s and 60s color slides of people and places
               | in East Germany.
               | 
               | Looking around. even the GDR until the end experienced
               | significant improvements over what existed before, at
               | least for the masses. Except for the environment
               | especially near industry.
        
             | integralid wrote:
             | >A lot of online culture laments the modern American life
             | and blames the Boomers for all of our "woes".
             | 
             | >The 1950s - 2000s post war boom was a tailwind very few
             | countries get to experience. It's funny how we look back at
             | it as the norm, because that's not what the rest of the
             | world experienced.
             | 
             | Especially ironic when perpetrated by youth from countries
             | outside of America - like mine. I'm not a boomer, but my
             | parents generation had it rough and my life was much easier
             | in comparison. Importing "boomer" memes is a bit stupid in
             | this context. Hell, even the name makes no sense here,
             | because our "baby boom" happened later, in 1980-1990s.
        
           | ip26 wrote:
           | My first exposure to this - tired of $40 particleboard
           | bookshelves and tables, I went looking for solid wood
           | furniture, reasoning it was fine to spend a little more for
           | something that would last. I found it- and discovered humble,
           | small tables were a months pay.
           | 
           | I don't want cheap crap, but I suddenly appreciated why we've
           | moved away from tables that can support a car.
        
             | p1necone wrote:
             | This is true of basically everything people complain about
             | having gotten worse over time.
             | 
             | Whiteware and kitchen appliances are the same - you can
             | absolutely buy a fridge, or a stand mixer or whatever that
             | will work well and last forever. It's just the value
             | proposition compared to cheap crap that will still likely
             | last for a few years but at a 1/5th of the price is not
             | great unless you're going to use it really heavily.
        
               | gtowey wrote:
               | Last time I had to buy a refrigerator it seemed like the
               | choice was between one that cost around $1k and one that
               | cost $10k. I really couldn't find a mid quality option.
               | There wasn't a price point at around 2x the cheap ones
               | for better quality. Those price points _exist_ , it's
               | just that they're usually the same cheap fridges crammed
               | full of pointless features that actually make the whole
               | thing _less_ reliable because it 's more stuff to break.
               | 
               | What I wanted was a refrigerator with a reliable
               | compressor. That's where it really seemed like the only
               | options are cheap and astronomical.
        
               | M95D wrote:
               | Compressor is replaceable. Also, how do you judge
               | reliability of a compressor before buying it?
               | 
               | Instead, try to find a refrigerator with access to the
               | cooling pipes. Last fridge I threw away had a leak that
               | couldn't be patched because the pipes were all embedded
               | in the plastic walls of the fridge.
        
               | Qwertious wrote:
               | >how do you judge reliability of a compressor before
               | buying it?
               | 
               | Reviews, specs, teardowns, brand name.
        
               | acessoproibido wrote:
               | Where do you find reviews you can trust? Honest question
        
               | xyzzy123 wrote:
               | Yeah I think the caveat is that the compressor and maybe
               | seals, lights and few other bits are the ONLY repairable
               | parts of most fridges. The whole structure of a modern
               | fridge is foam panels and sheet metal folds that aren't
               | ever meant to come apart after being assembled.
        
               | jpm_sd wrote:
               | That's funny, just about a year ago, I had to replace a
               | dead fridge and ended up with a reliable $3000-ish model.
               | It's been great. GE PWE23KYNFS
               | 
               | https://www.geappliances.com/appliance/GE-Profile-ENERGY-
               | STA...
        
               | gtowey wrote:
               | This is actually super helpful! I ended up with a less
               | expensive GE model because it seemed like they were the
               | only brand with positive reliability reports besides the
               | super expensive premium brands.
        
             | permo-w wrote:
             | even second hand?
        
             | donkeybeer wrote:
             | What's wrong with plywood? Why jump instantly from
             | particleboard to hardwood?
        
               | ip26 wrote:
               | Not sure there's much market for quality plywood
               | furniture. It's neither cheap nor fancy, just functional,
               | which as a market segment has vanished. The price of
               | today's plywood also seems to have closed a lot of the
               | gap with hardwood - it's often actually a superior
               | material depending on project.
        
           | scott_w wrote:
           | > Maybe, but really consumerism wasn't a thing for most of
           | history because almost no one had the money to decorate
           | intentionally in the way we do today.
           | 
           | This reminds me of being a kid excitedly repeating the trope
           | I'd just learned: "Back in your day it was nice because you
           | didn't need to lock your doors!"
           | 
           | To which she responded "Because none of us had anything worth
           | stealing."
        
             | throaway123213 wrote:
             | Illuminating point but quite a lot of people live in 1st
             | world countries where you still dont need to lock your
             | door. Even in a major city.
        
               | scott_w wrote:
               | It's very time and place dependent. Burglaries are less
               | common these days because the valuable stuff is iPhones
               | now, rather than televisions.
        
           | watwut wrote:
           | > because almost no one had the money to decorate
           | intentionally
           | 
           | Poor people always decorated and still do. There is basically
           | no larger human culture where decorations dont take a place.
           | The only ones I can think of are small religious orders that
           | dont decorate to deprieve themselves.
           | 
           | You go to any poor area and see dirt, mess, issues and people
           | showing off decorations in their houses or on themselves.
        
             | andrewvc wrote:
             | You are misquoting me. I wrote:
             | 
             | > to decorate intentionally in the way we do today
             | 
             | Most people not so long ago did not have the luxury of
             | saying "that shirt is so last last year" , or "that living
             | room set is a relic of the 90s!".
             | 
             | Of course people always find ways to decorate and show off,
             | but that's different than what OP talked about WRT quality
             | furniture. In the past that stuff was so expensive you
             | bought it and lived with it, possibly across multiple
             | generations. If the style changed you probably couldn't
             | afford to just swap it out.
        
           | Aeolun wrote:
           | > However, I would balk at paying the historical fraction of
           | my income (or multiple if we go back to the 1700s), for a new
           | bed.
           | 
           | It's probably fine if you are going to use it for the rest of
           | your life. Or you can pay just for the nails, and do the rest
           | yourself.
        
         | arjie wrote:
         | A lot of people think this, but if I'm being honest modern
         | materials are amazing. They survive pretty rough washes,
         | they're incredibly cheap, fire-retardant, and last forever.
         | Synthetics are amazing.
         | 
         | Coincidentally, it was only a couple of days ago that I was
         | thinking about this[0] when I thought about how the microfibre
         | fleece my daughter was lying on was the cheap microfiber fleece
         | I'd bought when I encountered my first American winter. A
         | student's cheap blanket has lasted me over a decade and still
         | keeps me warm and cleans easily.
         | 
         | My wife and I have had Caspers and Tuft & Needles and
         | Tempurpedics and we sleep now on an Ikea foam mattress. It's
         | fantastic. Modern manufacturing and materials are incredible. I
         | feel like I'm living in a golden age.
         | 
         | 0:
         | https://wiki.roshangeorge.dev/w/Blog/2025-11-29/Things_Do_La...
        
           | typewithrhythm wrote:
           | It depends; it feels like in some categories the premium
           | between a material that's very suitable, and some ersatz
           | lookalike is massive and depressing.
           | 
           | I love a good petrochemical, but sometimes it would be nice
           | if the cheap thing store wasn't so callously targeting
           | veneers and pleathers that last just long enough to loose the
           | receipt.
        
           | Aeolun wrote:
           | I don't think I have ever in my life noticed a difference
           | between one matress and another. When I lie down, yes, but
           | not when I wake up the next morning.
        
         | jonstewart wrote:
         | My great-grandfather was born in a dugout (i.e., sod) house on
         | the Kansas prairie in 1880. His father died when he was 9. When
         | he went to teacher's college, someone gave him an orange and he
         | ate the rind, as he didn't know you were supposed to peel it;
         | he still thought it was delicious. He married late at 35, and
         | his wife died after a year. He married again and their first
         | daughter died as a toddler. He was 49 when the Great Depression
         | began. He became a Republican because FDR repealed Prohibition.
         | 
         | I'm not wealthy, not by HN standards, but my kids are healthy
         | and lack for nothing. I doordash them takeout sushi when I
         | don't feel like cooking them dinner. I've been to several of
         | the world's great museums, gone to great plays and concerts,
         | and love a round of Epoisses with a plump Meursault.
         | 
         | Things that last have always been expensive, out of reach for
         | many. And every time I think nostalgically about life on the
         | prairie in a dugout, I think about winter, it being -10 outside
         | and windy, and 45 degrees inside and damp and smoky.
        
         | euroderf wrote:
         | > Things made out of wood and metal were actually made out of
         | hardwood and metal.
         | 
         | PlasticWorld is designed to empty your wallet over time. In a
         | hundred dollar product, what breaks is the two cent piece of
         | plastic that replaced a six-cent piece of metal.
         | 
         | Another part of this process of the enshittification of the
         | tangible world of consumer goods is the process of (1)
         | acquisition of a quality brand (typically by private capital),
         | (2) extraction of the value of the brand (via substitution of
         | inferior products & services, and self-serving management
         | "bonuses"), and finally, (3) brand liquidation (by bankruptcy
         | or absorption).
        
         | spicyusername wrote:
         | I mean... yes... I guess in 1700 there were only things made by
         | hand, but also those things were so incredibly expensive nobody
         | had them. Most people had one "nice" pair of clothes that they
         | inherited and expected to pass on, because cloth was so labor
         | intensive. Children's toys we're basically non-existent. Books?
         | Forget about it. Only for monks in the hills.
         | 
         | Today you have the option, everyone can have the cheap thing,
         | and the wealthy can still have the honest thing.
         | 
         | Much better this way, in my opinion.
         | 
         | Every era has warts. Even if we lived in heaven, you'd still
         | have substack posts complaining about it. It's just the way
         | humans are. Ever restless, always looking beyond.
         | you would be crammed in there together, but it felt way
         | more.... Human? Communal?
         | 
         | Would you believe plenty of people still live this way...
         | mostly against their will. Heck, anyone can do it!
        
           | techblueberry wrote:
           | You missed the point. The whole town aesthetic changed. No we
           | really can't do it anymore, because the way we design cities
           | and towns is changing. Wealthy area used to be more open to
           | everyone, now it's all gated communities and walled
           | compounds. You can't even drive around the lake and enjoy the
           | nature of it because all you see are the walls of McMansions,
           | that's what's not "cute"
        
           | dan-robertson wrote:
           | I think 1700 is not the best year to use, depending on the
           | place. Rural people in 1700 England were quite different from
           | most peasants who have ever lived - they were in a relatively
           | advanced monetary economy, literacy rates were high, secular
           | books were affordable (much less so than today of course),
           | the price of linen cloth had perhaps halved in the last 200
           | years. Feudalism was going away, agricultural productivity
           | was rising.
           | 
           | Life of a medieval peasant was quite different. Productivity
           | was basically static, literacy was low, the economy would
           | have been local and mostly based on barter or paying with
           | labour. You would likely be growing your own linen to spin
           | and weave and make into clothes for your own family. I think
           | there was a little more specialisation and a little less
           | subsistence agriculture by 1700.
        
       | williamDafoe wrote:
       | My wife is obsessed with a woman in Scandinavia who makes videos
       | glorifying cottage life in the wilderness in Scandinavia ... I
       | guess this is similar ...
        
         | gyomu wrote:
         | I love how people in those videos always have impeccable
         | clothing/hair/skin/etc.
         | 
         | When I go back to my rural hometown, the people working the
         | earth, growing the food, and managing the livestock don't look
         | as... prim.
        
         | landosaari wrote:
         | See Bullerby syndrome [0]
         | 
         | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bullerby_syndrome
        
           | aspenmayer wrote:
           | See also depictions of vaguely European historical trappings
           | in anime, especially as in Miyazaki's works, a variety of
           | shojo manga and anime since the 70s, and many isekai
           | settings.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayao_Miyazaki
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sh%C5%8Djo_manga
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isekai
           | 
           | "Representations of Europe in Japanese Anime: An Overview of
           | Case Studies and Theoretical Frameworks". Mutual Images
           | Journal, no. 8, June 2020, pp. 47-84,
           | https://doi.org/10.32926/2020.8.ara.europ .
           | 
           | An especially interesting quote from the above:
           | 
           | > According to Frederik Schodt, Jaqueline Berndt, and Deborah
           | Shamoon, the European settings, depicted in the 1970s shojo
           | series took the role of a remote idealised elsewhere with a
           | strong exotic appeal, radically different from Japanese
           | society and reality, where the recurrent conventions of the
           | shojo narratives were developed. Some of these themes, like
           | the deconstruction of the feminine subject and the
           | development of transgressive romantic stories (which contain
           | incests, infidelities, idyllic and allusive sexual scenes or
           | homosexual relationships), were hard to conceive in the
           | Japanese society of that moment, which enabled the European
           | setting with a range of creative possibilities due to the
           | depiction of foreign cultures (Schodt, 2012 [1983]: 88-93;
           | Berndt, 1996: 93-4, Shamoon, 2007, 2008). _Such a use and
           | depiction of Europe fits with what Pellitteri has coined as
           | the "mimecultural" scenario of anime, a mode of
           | representation present in those anime series that adopt
           | contents, settings, and other visual elements from different
           | cultural backgrounds to develop their original narratives and
           | plots_ (2010: 396). [italics added for emphasis]
           | 
           | The concept of "mimecultral" aspects of anime and manga is
           | not new to me, but that phrasing itself is, and it reminds me
           | of Dawkins' conception of memes.
        
       | tinkelenberg wrote:
       | A lot of what appeals to people about the past isn't so much
       | about returning to a golden age but recapturing authenticity. We
       | rarely get the real thing nowadays.
        
         | pixl97 wrote:
         | >We rarely get the real thing nowadays.
         | 
         | I'd say it a bit different....
         | 
         | We can't afford it, or at least don't want to pay for it. And
         | quite often, attempting to give a significant fraction of the 9
         | billionish people on earth something authentic of the past
         | would be an ecological disaster.
        
           | venturecruelty wrote:
           | I mean, it's not like everyone having a personal automobile
           | and AC set to 68 _isn 't_ an ecological disaster... I don't
           | want to return us all to subsistence farming, but unless we
           | do something, we won't really get to make that choice
           | ourselves anyway.
        
             | pixl97 wrote:
             | >isn't an ecological disaster
             | 
             | I don't disagree, but at the same time, building the same
             | cars we did in 1960 now would ensure the atmosphere would
             | be incandescent in the next few years.
             | 
             | If you look at things like US energy consumption per capita
             | it leveled off in the 1970s and has decreased since, so it
             | is possible, but we're not getting those thing we had
             | during the days of insane energy usage.
        
             | Qwertious wrote:
             | AC is fine, with sufficient PV and insulation - most of the
             | time, hot days are sunny days and thus easily renewable.
             | 
             | Most people shouldn't own personal automobiles, because
             | most people live in cities and cities shouldn't be built
             | around the personal automobile in the first place.
        
       | Atlas667 wrote:
       | We need this for the Romephiles who definitely don't think they
       | would have been slaves during the Roman Empire.
       | 
       | In the same vein, a racist meme shared around the internet is
       | that supposedly some black people, while remembering their
       | shattered ancestry, say "We were kings" [in Africa]. But a lot of
       | white people will genuinely believe they were kings or at least
       | related to kings.
       | 
       | And these erroneous class beliefs are very very common.
       | 
       | It even goes so far as to be used to widely support racism in the
       | "my people" argument. Sir, sit down, statistically you were a
       | illiterate or barely-literate peasant like the rest of us!
       | 
       | This is what happens when you use history as a political tool.
       | This is how the powers that be erase class consciousness from
       | peoples brains. They keep showing us a flawed history that almost
       | always sides with the rulers and we adopt it. They make us forget
       | what we are and where we come from so we side with the
       | oppressors.
        
         | A_D_E_P_T wrote:
         | That's not how population genetics work.
         | 
         | Almost every European-descended person has ancestry from Kings
         | and peasants alike. Even the very recent Oliver Cromwell has
         | way more than 20k living descendants in the UK. If you have any
         | substantial English ancestry, there _is_ a Plantagenet
         | somewhere in your family tree to a mathematical certainty.
         | 
         | On the continent, and in other aristocratic societies like
         | Dynastic-era China, things are much the same. If Qin Shihuang's
         | progeny weren't _all_ put to the sword, just about _every_ Han
         | Chinese person is descended from Qin Shihuang.
         | 
         | Read about the "identical ancestors point". Past that point,
         | every individual alive is either: (1) ancestor of everyone
         | alive today, or (2) ancestor of no one alive today.
        
           | Atlas667 wrote:
           | I'm definitely aware of this.
           | 
           | This is a very very far stretch from saying your family was
           | royalty. Though i do guess you are technically correct.
           | Forgive me, your highness. lol
           | 
           | Let me add that you've delineated a technicality with no real
           | consequence to my argument. If anything supporting my
           | argument by suggesting that makes anyone proper royalty.
        
             | antonvs wrote:
             | > If anything supporting my argument by suggesting that
             | makes anyone proper royalty.
             | 
             | This could potentially be a good argument for more
             | democratic systems.
             | 
             | My grandmother was very proud of the fact that we were
             | descendants of King James (one of them, I couldn't tell you
             | which one, probably the one that abdicated!)
             | 
             | What she didn't understand is that something similar was
             | true of almost everyone she knew.
        
         | Spooky23 wrote:
         | Everyone is the star of their personal movie. They shine it up
         | on their own.
         | 
         | A good friend of mine had an awakening when he realized that
         | his civil war ancestor suffered and sacrificed so that rich men
         | could own other humans, and use those people to suppress his
         | wages.
         | 
         | Reality is people are people and those before us had the same
         | struggles we have about different things. We're no smarter, but
         | have access to the worlds information.
        
         | PeterHolzwarth wrote:
         | What?!
        
           | Atlas667 wrote:
           | Many people romanticize their past so much that they side
           | with historical oppressors. Oppressors who most likely
           | subjugated most of their ancestors.
           | 
           | This is not a coincidence, but is the result of consuming
           | media from people who engage in this same act of
           | romanticizing their history, or this media comes from people
           | who were themselves actually related to these oppressors.
        
             | PeterHolzwarth wrote:
             | Right.
             | 
             | I'm gonna stick with "What?!"
        
               | Atlas667 wrote:
               | Peoples idea of their own history are influenced by the
               | media (print, film, tv, etc).
               | 
               | The owners of said media often prefer to fund historical
               | content from the perspective of rulers, as this reflects
               | their class character and aspirations. Meaning they have
               | an infatuation with royalty because they do not think of
               | themselves as lowly.
               | 
               | The people then adopt similar mechanisms of reflection to
               | how they view their ancestors in the past.
               | 
               | I say this mechanism of reflection is a political tool
               | designed to entice average people to think of themselves
               | as above average in the past. And thus eliminate any
               | consciousness of historical class continuation.
               | 
               | If you say "what?!" again, I'm just gonna have to assume
               | you disagree but are too afraid to do so out loud.
        
               | klibertp wrote:
               | Isn't it the other way around - people, especially when
               | young, like to imagine themselves as someone special, so
               | the media give them the perspective of the most special
               | individuals they can find? Being a king, on its own, may
               | not qualify - but the popular shows are rarely about
               | "just" kings, it's mostly about ones who did something
               | impressive (if evil; though I agree that last part tends
               | to be edited out).
               | 
               | In fantasy literature, a hero is almost certainly either
               | a prince or at least of royal blood; in sci-fi, he's at
               | least a progeny of a war hero or great inventor. Even in
               | romance slice-of-life, you'll get mysterious amnesiacs,
               | rich CEOs children, shrewd nerds with underworld
               | connections, etc. _much_ more often than statistically
               | possible - nobody wants to read about  "normal people",
               | not really (when we think we do, it's just the author
               | writing so well that he convinced us _his_ "normal
               | people" are different!)
               | 
               | I can't rule out the possibility that this natural
               | tendency is being exploited and manipulated in some
               | cases, but the stories have always been about heroes,
               | long before anyone thought of erasing anyone else's class
               | consciousness.
        
               | Atlas667 wrote:
               | I mean, It's the same as consciousness of ourselves in
               | the present.
               | 
               | There are pieces of media that present the real struggles
               | of the average worker. But not that many. Many films are
               | instead invested in the ephemeral (and ever lasting)
               | questions of reality, fiction(fantasy/action/drama), or
               | inane or politically convenient biopics (if not totally
               | altered).
               | 
               | You will occasionally see a nod to "struggling to pay
               | bills" or some mundane romanticized struggle, stuff like
               | that, but almost never a picture of what its actually
               | like.
               | 
               | For the few popular films that do show it, and this is my
               | critique of most media, they never compel the viewer to
               | ANSWER the question of why this happens. This is because
               | to present the real working class life is also to
               | critique it and the conditions that create it.
               | 
               | The working class life reveals it's own critique. And
               | that critique is not something that media owners like
               | because it puts into question the whole status quo. It is
               | INHERENTLY politically charged content.
               | 
               | So they avoid painting a real picture of average people.
               | This lack of real exposure is a heavy influence on our
               | ideas of reality. And essentially the viewers take this
               | image and runs with it. The viewers ends up not learning
               | HOW the world works, they start to see themselves as
               | "temporarily embarrassed millionaires", and end up seeing
               | society as a pool of ever-permanent social mobility, its
               | just not their turn yet.
               | 
               | This is, essentially, the same thing they do with the
               | past.
               | 
               | And I do not have anything against "special people" in
               | media. This can be helpful, even, if done appropriately,
               | by being sure to present kids with the REAL AND RELEVANT
               | paths on how to attain this specialty (if it isn't real
               | and relevant its just escapism). What I critique is the
               | role that medias self-reflection plays in the world and
               | in the past that is problematic.
               | 
               | To come back to the actual post: Who originally started
               | to view cottage living or working class farm life as cute
               | and WHY? Was it truly our grandmas and grandpas? Or was
               | it people compelled and organized to sell historical-
               | fantasy books?
        
       | IshKebab wrote:
       | > My own version of this mistake was thinking that people's
       | personalities were different in the past.
       | 
       | It's slightly surprising to me how many people think this. Like
       | they think that boomers are selfish because _that generation_ are
       | more selfish people. No, people are inherently selfish.
       | 
       | Or old people think young people are lazier than their
       | generation. No, pretty much everyone is and always has been lazy.
        
         | readthenotes1 wrote:
         | I agree; however, I also disagree: the culture and systems in
         | which people live do affect their behavior, and the boomers
         | moved their youth in a different world than the youth of today
         | and that did affect them as a group and how they could express
         | their natural pride, greed, lust, anger, gluttony, envy, and
         | sloth
        
       | lysace wrote:
       | _Problematic_. There 's that code word again.
       | 
       | https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/10/problem-wi...
       | 
       | (https://archive.ph/XKBZr)
        
         | mystraline wrote:
         | Elaborate what you mean.
         | 
         | What is "problematic" a code word for?
        
           | sertsa wrote:
           | Its generally code for: "Thinks different than I do". What
           | generally follows is a value judgment that lets someone
           | believe they hold a moral high ground that someone else does
           | not.
        
             | venturecruelty wrote:
             | Mm but that's not what _you 're_ doing, no. You're being
             | "fair and balanced" and very much neutral and objective.
        
       | api wrote:
       | Romanticizing the past is hot again right now, and kind of comes
       | in two political flavors: trads and neo-monarchists on the right,
       | and greens and anarcho-primitivists on the left (whom I consider
       | to be left-trads).
       | 
       | It's always important to repeat the PSA that this is always
       | survivorship bias and mythologizing. The past was very often much
       | harder and worse than the present. When it wasn't worse, it was
       | just different. People back then faced existential angst, fear
       | about the future, depression, and alienation just like we do.
       | There were wars, crazy or idiotic politicians, popular delusions,
       | plagues, depressions, atrocities, and all the rest.
       | 
       | That's not to say that all things always get better, or that they
       | get better in a straight line or in an orderly fashion. History
       | is a mess. I'm talking about _romanticizing_ the past to the
       | point of imagining a lost golden age. That is bullshit.
        
         | themafia wrote:
         | > Romanticizing the past is hot again right now
         | 
         | It would be better to understand _why_ rather than _who_. Since
         | this same sentiment has arrived in previous eras it seems like
         | a human phenomenon rather than a political one.
         | 
         | > I'm talking about romanticizing the past to the point of
         | imagining a lost golden age.
         | 
         | Or perhaps they're just attempting to avoid thinking about
         | their bleak future.
        
         | gerdesj wrote:
         | "trads and neo-monarchists on the right, and greens and
         | anarcho-primitivists on the left"
         | 
         | Where would I find formal definitions of that scatterfest of
         | terminologies?
         | 
         | I'd like to engage but I'm not up to speed on the lingo. I
         | think PSA means Public Service Announcement - am I on track
         | there at least?
        
           | scott_w wrote:
           | Trads: reference to "tradwife." Follow an idealised 1950s
           | lifestyle that they saw on Mad Men where the wife submits to
           | the man. But they don't want a conservative woman, they want
           | to force liberal women into it instead.
           | 
           | Neo-monarchist: wants a dictator to replace democratic rule,
           | where that dictator is a tech CEO like Elon Musk or Sam
           | Altman (used to be Zuckerberg).
           | 
           | Greens: environmentalists.
           | 
           | Anarcho-primitivist: wants to end all technological advance
           | and return to hunter gatherer society while miraculously
           | somehow maintaining all the benefits of technology (medicine,
           | relatively comfortable lifestyle).
        
             | api wrote:
             | Pretty good. Trads also sometimes means people who want to
             | go back to feudal or ancient ways, old school Catholics,
             | and various other things. It can mean different things
             | depending on the context but it generally tends toward
             | social conservatism and old school patriarchy.
        
               | scott_w wrote:
               | > Trads also sometimes means people who want to go back
               | to feudal or ancient ways, old school Catholics, and
               | various other things.
               | 
               | This is simply incorrect. Any historian versed in this
               | area will point to the fact that the version of "trad-
               | lifestyle" being pushed by its supporters simply _did not
               | exist_ in feudal Europe. In fact, I don 't think the form
               | they push really existed for any length of time in the
               | USA, either. Maybe there was a form of it somewhere in
               | the world but I strongly doubt the people pushing this
               | lifestyle would even know.
        
       | KaiserPro wrote:
       | The author raises valid points, to which I agree.
       | 
       | Something I would add is that when we look back at how _rich_
       | people lived, looking at the lavish parties with fancy clothes,
       | we miss the _huge_ amount of labour that was needed to make that
       | happen (and thus why only the billionaires of the day could
       | afford to ponce about in new clothes and have fine food like ice
       | cream on demand in summer.)
       | 
       | However we don't have those constraints of requiring a team of
       | 40, plus 90 hectares of land, an ice house and town of artisans
       | to hold a house party with a four course meal, chocolate, fresh
       | fruit, the best cuts of meat and fresh lettuce in winter.
       | 
       | _we_ can have that luxury, to the point where it is mundane.
       | 
       | look at the kitchens needed to service henry the 8th:
       | 
       | https://www.nakedkitchens.com/blog/henry-viiis-55-room-kitch...
       | 
       | and compare that to the kitchens needed to service something like
       | an office block (for example Meta's london office serves 3 meals
       | a day for ~2k people, fits in 100m2)
        
       | delichon wrote:
       | Back in 2025 before cheap bots, our grandparents endured lives of
       | servitude. They spent an enormous amount of time doing simple
       | chores like folding clothes, driving, programming, washing and
       | dusting, grooming themselves. They had to walk their own dogs and
       | play with their own children. They sometimes even had to cook
       | their own food, directly over fire. "Hygiene" was a primitive
       | joke. A full day's work usually wasn't even enough to buy a
       | single new car. _They_ wrote checks to the _government_ , rather
       | than the other way around. Life was brutal, desperate and short.
        
         | johnfn wrote:
         | This comment is a real rollercoaster. I can't tell which side
         | you're arguing for.
        
           | DaiPlusPlus wrote:
           | Clearly advocating for the continued use of paper checks
        
             | _DeadFred_ wrote:
             | Hacker News really is full of luddites now.
        
           | temp8830 wrote:
           | Also, back in 2025 people's mental models were so primitive
           | that they could only consider one parameter at a time. And
           | the reward function was wired into their survival instincts,
           | imagine that! This caused them to see a person whose mental
           | model held a different parameter value as a threat to their
           | survival. These primitive serial thinkers used something
           | called "wars" to update model weights, where they physically
           | eliminated compute elements! Truly a barbaric age.
        
           | ineedasername wrote:
           | Could be they aren't trying to come down on a nice easy high-
           | contrast color and are figuring anywhere society lands will
           | still be some shade of gray with a bit of flair here and
           | there and a dash of spilled paint in other places.
        
             | card_zero wrote:
             | Color here is a metaphor for a point.
        
               | tbossanova wrote:
               | A rhetorical point, no less.
        
         | 0xbadcafebee wrote:
         | > They had to walk their own dogs and play with their own
         | children.
         | 
         | Oof, that one hits hard. My dad was an executive, mom was a
         | housewife/socialite, we lived in Mexico. Had our own live-in
         | maid, gardeners/handymen for outside chores. I saw them more
         | than my parents. I can totally see them hiring robots instead
         | of humans. Once technology gets cheap enough, the masses adopt
         | it (in the 60's TV was an electronic babysitter)
        
         | djtango wrote:
         | Why is UBI assumed as part of techtopia? When the government
         | has access to unlimited labour and military via robots, why do
         | they need citizens anymore? Beyond some antiquated moral
         | obligation, why would a government actually do anything for a
         | population that is net value extracting?
        
           | defrost wrote:
           | You might as well ask why a sea of humanity should tolerate a
           | toll gate keeping robotically enhanced micro brotopia that is
           | net value extracting.
           | 
           | Traditionally these motte and bailey fiefdoms were laid siege
           | to and undermined.
        
             | beeflet wrote:
             | What value do technocrats extract? It is a totally one-way
             | dependency of the serfs upon the technocrats and not the
             | other way around.
        
           | tdeck wrote:
           | > why do they need citizens anymore?
           | 
           | People like being served by human beings, rich people
           | especially. So that work will still be around and all the
           | brightest and most diligent people will compete to be the one
           | who brings Jeff Bezos's grandson his dinner.
        
           | SturgeonsLaw wrote:
           | >why would a government actually do anything for a population
           | that is net value extracting?
           | 
           | Because we outnumber them a million to one, and history is
           | littered with examples of what happens to leaders who squeeze
           | their population a little too far
        
             | bigstrat2003 wrote:
             | I'm not really convinced it's actually possible to
             | overthrow a modern government. The disparity in killing
             | power available to the two sides is just too great. Like
             | yeah we outnumber the government a million to one
             | (figuratively), but that's not going to help much when they
             | have tanks, artillery, and planes to defend themselves
             | with.
        
               | Aloha wrote:
               | The people that run that killing power are also citizens,
               | and they either must be bought at an increasing steep
               | price, or they will go with the bulk of the nation
               | (mostly with their near and distant relatives who _are_
               | suffering) - network effects are very real here.
        
               | beeflet wrote:
               | What happens when the killing power is a autonomous
               | machine? Like now?
        
               | throw310822 wrote:
               | It's a very valid concern, but technological advances are
               | also available to the people. Asymmetrics war (terrorism,
               | depending the side you're on) is always a possibility,
               | unless the gap between the possibility of states and
               | those of citizens grows too wide.
        
               | throw-the-towel wrote:
               | If this argument were true, dictatorships couldn't exist.
               | However, they do.
        
               | makeitdouble wrote:
               | You're assuming that citizen are united in what they
               | want. That's usually not the case.
        
               | Warwolt wrote:
               | > they either must be bought at an increasing steep price
        
               | throw-the-towel wrote:
               | Right, what I was getting at is -- that isn't a fatal
               | problem in practice, the price stays affordable.
        
               | ACCount37 wrote:
               | Most dictatorships make no less than a half-hearted
               | attempt to convince the population to support them.
               | 
               | And then they make a point out of terrorizing the people
               | who don't support them. Just so the others have no
               | trouble discerning whether believing them is a good idea
               | or not.
        
               | beeflet wrote:
               | The highly specialized vehicles of war are not that
               | threatening in a civil conflict. Think about how much tax
               | money it takes to purchase a tank for example. There is
               | maybe 1 tank for every 1000 people, let's say. Yet it
               | only takes a single rocket launcher to destroy a tank.
               | 
               | Look at what happened to the USA in Afganistan recently.
               | What really threatens the chances of popular revolution
               | are the systems of surveillance and inter-dependence that
               | we are building up, and the existence of killer drones
               | that can compete with armed peasants at scale.
        
               | acessoproibido wrote:
               | Didnt the nation armed with all of this modern tech lose
               | to a guerilla force of ricefarmers armed with sharpened
               | sticks and AKs? Or do you think the Vietnam war would go
               | very different now?
        
               | anon-3988 wrote:
               | The US could have easily, easily won the Vietnam war if
               | they just dropped 1 or 2 nukes. The modern military is
               | going to have drone that swarm the sky 24/7. They can
               | develop virus that only they have the cure to. They can
               | drop EMPs. They can grow their own food in their own lab
               | while we all slowly die and wither outside.
               | 
               | These are powers that are actually, technically,
               | plausibly be granted to a single or several individual in
               | the future.
               | 
               | The future where human is obsolete is scary. Just reread
               | that sentence again. Humans are obsolete.
        
               | SV_BubbleTime wrote:
               | Since no one has bothered to explain how wrong you are...
               | I'll give you the easy version...
               | 
               | Tanks and drones, don't stand on street corners and
               | enforce non-assembly and curfews.
               | 
               | The tanks and drones argument and later Biden's "we have
               | F15s" claim are wildly devoid of reality. You do not
               | understand what a "modern military" is. Each MRAP takes
               | multiple people to keep it running, and it's just a
               | diesel truck.
               | 
               | You think tanks and drones don't take teams of people to
               | keep running?
        
               | SV_BubbleTime wrote:
               | No offense, but ask someone in the military how wrong you
               | are.
               | 
               | Tanks and drones don't stand on street corners and
               | enforce curfews.
               | 
               | Our "modern military" in handicapped in multiple ways,
               | primarily that society does not have the stomach to win
               | wars anymore. And, beyond that, it takes TEAMS of people
               | to keep the simplest vehicle or weapon system running.
               | It's all logistics and fuel.
               | 
               | In a civil conflict it was dissolve quickly without a
               | unified force and a ton of fuel.
        
               | pcrh wrote:
               | That depends on your definition of "overthrow".
               | 
               | Governments are routinely replaced in western
               | democracies.
        
             | mrob wrote:
             | Historical leaders didn't have fully automated killer drone
             | factories. (Just an example; a real AGI will probably come
             | up with more effective ideas.)
        
             | myk9001 wrote:
             | So, you literally read "unlimited supply of military via
             | robots" in the parent comment, and still reply with this?
             | Humanity truly doesn't stand a chance...
        
             | beeflet wrote:
             | "killbots, mow down these stupid protesters"
        
             | analog8374 wrote:
             | So it's a mind control problem. We have a good technology
             | for that
        
           | integralid wrote:
           | Who is "they"? Isn't government just a group of people
           | selected among others? Government whole job is making life
           | better for people in the country.
           | 
           | Billionaires, on the other hand, are not elected and have a
           | vested interest in maintaining the inequalities. If anything,
           | they are UBI enemies.
        
             | zelphirkalt wrote:
             | And here I got the impression, that the government's job
             | was to enrich themselves, coasting along on the back of the
             | common goods, letting themselves be bought by lobbies and
             | lining up for supervisory board positions, looking out
             | first and foremost for themselves and their clans.
        
           | loup-vaillant wrote:
           | > _When the government has access to unlimited labour and
           | military via robots, why do they need citizens anymore?_
           | 
           | Wait a minute, didn't you just assume Western countries are
           | _not_ democracies?
           | 
           | I've noticed how fashionable it is in the US in particular,
           | to distrust the government -- not just this government, but
           | on _principle_. This idea that a government _never_ acts on
           | behalf of the people, unless forced to. I wouldn't disagree
           | to be honest. But then we need to follow this up to its
           | logical conclusion: governance by elected officials is _not_
           | democratic.
           | 
           | Then we need to decide if we actually want democracy or not.
           | Personally, I'd like this decision to be... err... you know,
           | it would be nice if everyone had a say?
        
             | 9rx wrote:
             | _> governance by elected officials is not democratic._
             | 
             | Correct. In a (representative) democracy, one does not
             | elect officials. They elect representatives. The
             | representative is not an authority like an official is.
             | They are merely messengers who take the constituent
             | direction established at the local level and travel with
             | that message to deliver it in a country/state/etc.'s
             | central gathering place.
             | 
             |  _> Then we need to decide if we actually want democracy or
             | not._
             | 
             | We (meaning most people) do not. Democracy is _a lot_ of
             | work. An incredible amount of work. It requires active
             | participation on a near-daily basis. Most people would
             | rather do things like go to their job to put food on the
             | table or spend time with their hobbies or other pleasure
             | activities. Which is why most people seek -- by your own
             | admission -- officials to lord over them instead.
             | 
             |  _> Personally, I'd like this decision to be... err... you
             | know, it would be nice if everyone had a say?_
             | 
             | It is nice when you are independently wealthy and no longer
             | have to worry about things like giving up an enormous
             | amount of your day to keep a roof over your head. But most
             | people are not so fortunate, so they do not find it fair
             | that, for all realistic purposes, only some people get to
             | participate in democracy to their own advantage. Hence why
             | democracies devolve into a system of officials instead,
             | with most people believing it offers a better balance for
             | all involved, albeit at the cost of losing say.
        
               | bloppe wrote:
               | But in your example, it sounds like representative
               | democracy is a choice freely taken. If people actually
               | want representatives to worry about the details of policy
               | for them, then that is real democracy, because the
               | alternative is a form of government that the people don't
               | actually want.
        
             | delichon wrote:
             | Democracy is a less a form of government than a form of
             | containment of government. And it leaks like all of the
             | others. The form of government itself is a hungry serpent.
        
           | hephaes7us wrote:
           | It's pretty easy to imagine a world in which, for example,
           | UBI is available, but it's contingent on sterilization.
           | 
           | Aside from being more compassionate than the Terminator
           | movies, it might simply be the cheapest way to handle humans
           | in a world where we've become a liability.
        
           | shinycode wrote:
           | I'd argue, why would we need a government in this case ?
        
         | refurb wrote:
         | Yup, it's funny seeing people say how bad the past was without
         | realizing people 100 years from now will say the exact same
         | thing about today.
         | 
         | Not to mention the opinions and beliefs that people hold "as
         | the right side of history" without realizing these things
         | change and no doubt some view they hold will be seen as
         | "barbaric" in the future.
        
           | TheOtherHobbes wrote:
           | Any survivors a hundred years from now will consider this
           | Eden. They'll be dealing with climate change on a scale we
           | can't imagine.
        
           | baq wrote:
           | > without realizing people 100 years from now will say the
           | exact same thing about today
           | 
           | Past performance future results yadda yadda. I hope you're
           | right, though!
        
           | concinds wrote:
           | No, I really don't think so. You used to have to build your
           | own house and stable. Dig up your own well and carry water
           | from it. Shower maybe twice a week (usually just once).
           | Remember, you're doing hard physical labor in the sun all day
           | long. Someday you can finally afford a tractor, but develop
           | hearing damage thanks to it. No electricity. Wash clothes by
           | hand for hours. Cook all the time. Your babies might die,
           | your husband or wife might die, and then good luck. This is
           | literally within living memory in most _developed_ countries.
           | Many here have grandparents who lived like this for a big
           | chunk of their lives (not just growing up).
           | 
           | No matter what the future looks like, the present won't look
           | like that, relative to it, than the past does to the present.
           | The average developed country inhabitant objectively lives in
           | decent material conditions.
        
             | spongebobstoes wrote:
             | "decent" is a subjective judgment, there is no objectivity
        
         | markus_zhang wrote:
         | I thought it would be more like cyberpunk movies where people
         | might get petty UBI, dirty food/water/room so they don't die.
        
       | tolerance wrote:
       | For whatever reason I am reminded of this HN comment after
       | reading this blog post:
       | 
       | > Folk music is mostly dialectic materialist conspiracy theorists
       | singing hymns to their oppressors.
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=35274237
       | 
       | Especially towards the end of it.
       | 
       | The past was not "cute" and neither is the present. But in spite
       | of its edges the past afforded one a greater sense of whatever
       | abstract phenomena is related to the word "cute" that escapes the
       | present.
        
       | constantcrying wrote:
       | Yes, the past definitely wasn't that cute, but outright denying
       | that it was not very different is just as absurd.
       | 
       | The definition of "normal" has drastically changed, even over the
       | last few decades. A hundred years ago much of the societal
       | structures still revolved around farming (which it had for
       | thousands of years before that), something which now only
       | involves a small minority of people.
       | 
       | People love to look at the past, not as it existed, but
       | superpositioned over reality as it exists now.
        
         | themafia wrote:
         | Farming has always been seasonal and before gasoline engines
         | drastically changed their efficiency they often involved horses
         | and oxen. There was a larger number of people living rurally
         | but most of them weren't spending the majority of their year
         | actually working on any farm.
         | 
         | The other nitpick of the post is, yes, of course, people in
         | work clothes of any generation do not look particularly
         | elegant. People didn't wear their work clothes all day and
         | would have had nicer sets for special functions like church or
         | weddings.
        
           | pixl97 wrote:
           | >would have had nicer sets for special functions like church
           | or weddings.
           | 
           | It's likely they would have one set of church clothes at
           | least, but if you ever look at 'old' houses, closets are tiny
           | because even modestly wealthy people didn't have that many
           | clothes.
           | 
           | In 1900 you've have spend something like 15% of your yearly
           | income on clothes, now it's around 3%.
        
             | themafia wrote:
             | Did the clothes in 1900 last longer than they do today? Did
             | they even have polyester?
        
               | AlotOfReading wrote:
               | Clothes lasted longer, yes. The fabric was almost always
               | thicker and less finely woven due to the limitations of
               | historical textile manufacturing. The garments themselves
               | were properly stitched instead of overlocked, with
               | patterns sensibly designed for the usage and size of the
               | garments. People also repaired their clothes and would
               | keep them long past the point most modern consumers would
               | buy new.
               | 
               | Plus, clothes were a considerable portion of the
               | household budget. People couldn't afford them if they
               | didn't last.
        
       | bluedino wrote:
       | > The food was extremely good. . . . everything was fresh from
       | the garden.
       | 
       | Was it this, or was it that your mother/grandmother was a great
       | cook? I hear a lot of older people talk about how awful their
       | food was, limited ingredients, everything was boiled...
       | 
       | Food also probably tastes better when you're actually hungry, and
       | not able to Doordash whatever you want to eat at any time of day.
        
         | pixl97 wrote:
         | Yea, people tend to forget that even in the US we had long
         | bread lines during the depression and that during WWII there
         | were just a lot of items you couldn't get.
         | 
         | >everything was fresh from the garden
         | 
         | And this just goes to show that the writer doesn't understand
         | how gardens work. For the vast majority of the year any
         | particular plant in the garden ain't producing a damned thing.
         | You can get some things like fresh tomatoes that produce from
         | late spring through summer. And some herbs will produce all
         | growing season. But fresh peas, well, they all pod out at
         | around the same time. You better start canning them, oh and
         | trying to freeze any amount of them in the past would cost you
         | an absolute fortune in electricity.
         | 
         | Simply put, the amount and quality of vegetables you can get at
         | your local store would stun most cooks of the early 1900s. They
         | would walk in the store and be unable to move for a moment,
         | stunned, at the vast selection of non-rotten, non ate up by
         | bugs, large vegetables and ones they'd never seen before.
        
           | verbify wrote:
           | > large vegetables
           | 
           | I'm not sure why, but I've noticed that smaller vegetables
           | taste better. Small cucumbers are tastier and sweeter than
           | the big ones (that taste like water), cherry tomatoes are
           | more flavorful than large ones.
        
             | brabel wrote:
             | It was shocking to me to see how huge onions are in
             | Vancouver, and I guess the same applies to the US... those
             | things can't be natural!! In Europe they are half the size.
        
               | bluedino wrote:
               | How big are they?
               | 
               | We have very large ones like Vidalias, small ones like
               | pearl onions, and then everything in between. Most common
               | are probably the size of an apple (how big is an apple,
               | you ask?)
        
             | relaxing wrote:
             | Because large size was a selected-for trait by breeders, at
             | the expense of the good tasting genes.
        
         | roxolotl wrote:
         | Anecdotally vegetables I grow are wildly more flavorful than
         | ones you can buy. Like think grape tomatoes as sweet as grapes.
         | Green beans that a have complex flavor almost like green tea.
         | The butternut squash that I accidentally grew this year from
         | seeds that survived the winter in my compost tastes like a
         | pumpkin pie. Corn that you can eat raw and that putting butter
         | on feels like a waste.
         | 
         | That's not to say you cannot get really good food that's not
         | "farm fresh" but food right out of the ground absolutely on
         | average is better.
        
           | jeremyjh wrote:
           | As long as you don't consider the growing season in the
           | averages. Yes, garden fresh food is great today because you
           | can get vegetables from the store when yours are not in
           | season.
        
         | msla wrote:
         | > The food was extremely good. . . . everything was fresh from
         | the garden.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk_sickness
         | 
         | > Milk sickness, also known as tremetol vomiting, is a kind of
         | poisoning characterized by trembling, vomiting, and severe
         | intestinal pain that affects individuals who ingest milk, other
         | dairy products, or meat from a cow that has fed on white
         | snakeroot plant, which contains the poison tremetol. In animals
         | it is known as trembles.
         | 
         | > Although very rare today, milk sickness claimed thousands of
         | lives among migrants to the Midwestern United States in the
         | early 19th century, especially in frontier areas along the Ohio
         | River Valley and its tributaries where white snakeroot was
         | prevalent. New settlers were unfamiliar with the plant and its
         | properties. Nancy Hanks Lincoln, the mother of Abraham Lincoln,
         | is said to have been a victim of the poison. Nursing calves and
         | lambs may have also died from their mothers' milk contaminated
         | with snakeroot even when the adult cows and sheep showed no
         | signs of poisoning. Cattle, horses, and sheep are the animals
         | most often poisoned.
         | 
         | Nice, Fresh, Honest Milk.
        
         | happosai wrote:
         | Seasonal food also tasted a lot better when you spent half of
         | the year waiting for the season, dreaming about fresh food of
         | the next season.
        
           | Izikiel43 wrote:
           | That's still the case today though.
           | 
           | If I get red cherries in winter from Chile, they are not as
           | good as the ones from eastern Washington in the summer. Local
           | seasonal fruit in WA is amazing (cherries, peaches, apples,
           | now is pear season)
        
             | ido wrote:
             | Is it because it's picked unripe so it doesn't spoil in
             | transit? I'll bet for people who live in Chile the red
             | cherries they get locally taste great.
        
             | happosai wrote:
             | The difference is today we eat bland cherries around the
             | year except for a couple of weeks when you get fresh local
             | ones.
             | 
             | You don't spend half of the year remembering the previous
             | season's cherries waiting for the next time you can taste
             | them.
             | 
             | I mean foodies notice the difference today. But a lot what
             | made the various foods great in old times for /everyone/
             | was having to wait for it.
             | 
             | Like half of the fun of vacations is waiting for them. If
             | you can live at The beach around the year it stops being
             | special.
        
               | Izikiel43 wrote:
               | > You don't spend half of the year remembering the
               | previous season's cherries waiting for the next time you
               | can taste them.
               | 
               | I do that, I miss them
        
         | zdragnar wrote:
         | My mom's mother was so afraid of pork and trichinosis that, if
         | you dropped a pork chop she had cooked onto the floor, it would
         | shatter- that is how overcooked it would get (or so the family
         | joke went).
         | 
         | Also, most of the chickens she cooked came from a can- that is,
         | whole hen, pressure canned and sold that way. There weren't any
         | chicken farmers for miles and that was the safest and most
         | convenient way to get chicken to cook with.
         | 
         | Spices, fresh fruit and vegetables were all luxuries for most
         | of the year. Most dishes were variations on stew, casserole or
         | pot roast since everything was already soft already, and gravy
         | was the most accessible seasoning / condiment.
         | 
         | Food was cooked fresh because the refrigerator was tiny and
         | restaurants weren't cheap enough for anything other than
         | special occasions, but "fresh" is definitely an optimistic
         | interpretation of the ingredients.
        
           | bluedino wrote:
           | My grandmother stored pork in lard-filled crocks in the
           | basement for months.
        
         | nradov wrote:
         | And if you were lucky enough to get dessert it was something
         | like Jello with a bit of canned fruit inside. Of course that's
         | also why obesity was less of a problem.
        
           | _DeadFred_ wrote:
           | Jello was a fancy desert and a way to show you had
           | wealth/prosperity as it required refrigeration, something the
           | poors didn't have.
        
             | Qwertious wrote:
             | The poors had refrigeration, in the form of ice boxes. Not
             | refridgerators, just basically eskies that the ice man came
             | and shoved a big block of ice into once a week. So
             | basically you could only make ice cream (etc) on the day
             | the ice man came, if you were poor.
             | 
             | ...so people just made their ice cream on that day. It
             | required a little planning, is all.
        
         | duped wrote:
         | What do you mean, cold smoked fish and pickled cabbage is
         | great. And you don't have to worry about heart disease when
         | consumption will get ya long before the sodium does.
        
       | venturecruelty wrote:
       | No, the past was not "cute", but it also wasn't entirely a
       | Dickensian disaster, either. There are parts about the past we
       | can miss: shared public spaces, authenticity, quality goods and
       | services, ritual, deeper connectedness to each other. Why does it
       | have to be this dichotomy? Why can't we have both now? In fact,
       | we _ought_ to have both. It 's not like it's impossible. We just
       | have to user the power we have to build that world. It won't be
       | easy, but it isn't a choice between "Little House on the Prairie"
       | and "Bladerunner".
        
         | skybrian wrote:
         | Yes, we clearly have a lot more options. We could pick and
         | choose the parts of the past that are worth reviving.
         | 
         | However, in general, most of the past really was terrible. More
         | than half of the people who ever lived were subsistence farmers
         | who, if they were lucky, grew enough food to live on and a
         | little bit more.
         | 
         | Less than half of their children lived to adulthood. To make up
         | for staggering mortality rates, women had to have roughly six
         | live births for the population to replace itself.
         | 
         | And in peasant households, everyone has to work if they're able
         | to, including children as soon as they were able.
         | 
         | More here:
         | 
         | https://acoup.blog/2025/07/18/collections-life-work-death-an...
         | 
         | You can read more about the drop in child mortality rates here:
         | 
         | https://ourworldindata.org/child-mortality-big-problem-in-br...
        
           | PeterHolzwarth wrote:
           | An aspect of this that always strikes me is 1940's or 1950's
           | actors. They lived through the depression, where protein was
           | a rarer commodity. Childhood diseases that we now have
           | forgotten. Their frames are small, but their heads are normal
           | sized.
           | 
           | Then, suddenly, a decade later, the men who are actors are
           | all strapping young guys, fit and healthy.
           | 
           | It reminds of me of WWII era japanese, who, a decade or three
           | earlier, had also been protein-starved. Their height and
           | frames reflected this.
           | 
           | All this to say that while we see the downsides, the green
           | revolution also had its health upsides, I guess.
        
           | carlosjobim wrote:
           | > However, in general, most of the past really was terrible.
           | 
           | How are you and everybody else here so sure about that? Maybe
           | you are forgetting parts of the population with different
           | lifestyles and conditions? And I don't mean only the rich.
           | 
           | When people are though, they don't suffer from a though life
           | as much as somebody who is soft. You can notice that with
           | yourself if you do uncomfortable things, like going on
           | outdoor adventures or staying in a more primitive cottage.
           | 
           | Old people have a tendency to only talk about the hard times,
           | and paint themselves as hard working martyrs. And of course
           | it is in their interest to convince the younger generations
           | that the system the olds are in control of is a vanguard
           | against endless suffering, starvation and disease. Hmm, now
           | it starts to sound familiar. Don't we need to sacrifice an
           | oxen or a virgin to keep away that suffering from the past?
           | Don't we need the young generations to obey and pay us juicy,
           | juicy monetary tributes so that we keep the blight from the
           | past away from them? The horror we have had to tell them
           | about, because they weren't alive to verify if it was lies or
           | truth.
        
             | skybrian wrote:
             | That's not the kind of evidence I'm basing my opinions on.
             | I'm reading historians who tell us what it's like because
             | _they_ have looked at the evidence. What there is of it.
             | For ancient times, this is pretty sparse.
             | 
             | For example, read the series on peasants that I linked to
             | an acoup.blog. It's largely a demographic model because
             | peasants don't write to us and the elites were not very
             | interested in them. But it's based on things like child
             | mortality rates and I don't think there is anyone claiming
             | that there were any societies with modern child mortality
             | rates in ancient times?
             | 
             | Also, exploitation by the elites is part of the model.
        
           | ksoshsb wrote:
           | > most of the past really was terrible
           | 
           | I used to think this way, but if you actually start reading
           | first hand accounts, stories from long ago, etc you start to
           | question this narrative. And then I contrast that with my
           | current situation:
           | 
           | I wake up, spend 30 minutes with my child before sending him
           | off to daycare so I can work, and then I get about an hour
           | with him in the evening before he goes to bed. I'd give up a
           | lot if it meant more time with my family. Especially if we
           | were working together to provide for our family directly, as
           | opposed to making some billionaire richer.
           | 
           | Modern society is deeply inhuman compared to the past, and I
           | think the whole "the past is terrible" narrative - that I
           | grew up believing - is pushed by the wealthy today to
           | continue the absurd wealth inequality. If they can point to
           | the past and say "that was awful, you should appreciate what
           | you have today" people are much less likely to get angry
           | about the wealth gap and general parasitism of elites today.
        
         | monero-xmr wrote:
         | It's extremely hard to truly understand the past, how they
         | thought, what they believed, what they saw as acceptable vs.
         | what today seems crazy. For example the founding legend of Rome
         | is called the Rape of the Sabines, which is how the brave men
         | who founded Rome kidnapped all the women from another tribe so
         | they could have wives and reproduce
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rape_of_the_Sabine_women
         | 
         | Imagine if the USA's founding legend wasn't the honorable
         | Founding Fathers, Declaration of Independence, and all that
         | jazz, but instead how _our ancestors kidnapped and raped the
         | women of the neighboring tribe_. The psychology of such a
         | people to remember and retell this story is pretty incredible
        
           | binary132 wrote:
           | what's truly hard for the modern mind to comprehend is that
           | our societies are the exception to the rule of history, not
           | the norm. as the ancients go, that type of thing (along with
           | total scorched-earth genocide of other tribes) was basically
           | commonplace.
        
             | I-M-S wrote:
             | Would this exceptional modern society of ours you speak of
             | just happen to be the one founded on the genocide of Native
             | American tribes?
        
               | binary132 wrote:
               | that's not who we are any more
               | 
               | 200 years ago might as well be 20,000 to the modern mind
        
           | nradov wrote:
           | The funny thing is that the Rape of the Sabines was adapted
           | into a popular musical comedy movie "Seven Brides for Seven
           | Brothers" in 1954. Audiences loved it at the time but the
           | story seems bizarre and offensive today.
           | 
           | https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0047472/
        
         | nradov wrote:
         | Most of the goods and services in the past were total crap,
         | unless you were wealthy enough to afford the really good stuff.
         | People have distorted memories of what things used to be like.
         | Or they're fooled by survivorship bias: only the best old stuff
         | is still around while everything else is in a landfill.
        
           | djtango wrote:
           | Au contraire, when my mother was growing up most ingredients
           | were organic and free range by default and all your meals
           | were hand made and free of synthetic additives.
           | 
           | There are charts which show the cratering of nutritional
           | content of fresh produce over time so maybe not all goods and
           | services of the past were total crap.
        
             | SpicyLemonZest wrote:
             | What people mean when they say farming in the past was
             | "organic" is that crops would be grown in actual, non-
             | metaphorical crap. You would collect a big pile of it, let
             | it sit there stinking up the area, and then when it dried
             | and decomposed enough you would spread an even layer of
             | crap across your fields.
        
               | techblueberry wrote:
               | Are you trying to imply this is bad? This is what I
               | romanticize modern organic farming to be?
        
         | UltraSane wrote:
         | Life for the very richest people hundreds of years ago might
         | have been almost as comfortable as the average person today but
         | for the vast majority of people it was truly miserable.
        
         | bsder wrote:
         | > There are parts about the past we can miss: shared public
         | spaces, authenticity, quality goods and services, ritual,
         | deeper connectedness to each other.
         | 
         | Deeper connectedness? Yeah, conform to the small town or gossip
         | ruins your life. "Harper Valley PTA" ain't that long ago.
         | Shared public spaces ruled by the biggest jerks--hope you're
         | willing to take on a sociopath on the hill. My father had an
         | entire garage of junk to repair those "quality goods" (cars, in
         | particular were _terrible_ ). The only reason why "services"
         | were good is that you could get a bad reputation and then you
         | were doomed as nobody would buy from you--of course the flip
         | side is that you could be shaken down, too. Ritual? Hey, girl,
         | you're 18--why aren't you married and pregnant already like
         | your sisters were?
         | 
         | At this point, most of the people on HN have never lived in the
         | world where being smart was a _HUGE_ negative stigma ( "Revenge
         | of the Nerds" was an exaggeration--but not by as much as you'd
         | think). If we wound the clock back to the 1960s or 1970s, 95%
         | of the smart people on HN would be _profoundly_ unhappy--just
         | like all the rest of the functionally alcoholic men working in
         | the mills, mines, or factories.
         | 
         | You chose "Bladerunner" as the maximal negative while my
         | grandfathers would have viewed it as a step _up_.
        
           | donkeybeer wrote:
           | Deeper connectedness = Karenism
           | 
           | They can go right now to Karen societies like the middle east
           | and asia but they don't, its clear why.
        
           | donkeybeer wrote:
           | Whenever possible I'd always prefer a societal construction
           | that requires minimal interdependence really, its not even a
           | question.
        
         | donkeybeer wrote:
         | Deeper connectedness is Karenism. There are still countries and
         | societies today that are "deeper connected" and you can see the
         | cost of it.
        
           | RealityVoid wrote:
           | > Deeper connectedness is Karenism.
           | 
           | I am utterly confused by this statement. Karen as in... "let
           | me speak with your manager" meme Karen? What are you trying
           | to say here?
        
         | tsoukase wrote:
         | Keeping the good parts of the traditional way of life in modern
         | context is very difficult. Living a simple, frugal life without
         | sacrificing hygiene and mental integrity, controlling consuming
         | needs and enjoying the bare minimum presupposes deep
         | philosophical insight, knowledge of self and of basic and
         | advanced human needs, a maturity that only a few obtain in
         | young age.
         | 
         | It is easier to approach the "mental singularity" of a free
         | spirit if you are at the edge of survival that in the
         | convenient, warm western style.
        
       | gerdesj wrote:
       | Nowadays we (UK) have a notion called "fuel poverty" which is
       | formally defined (1) It is similar to the more generic notion of
       | energy poverty. Basically, if spending out on fuel for heating
       | takes a household below the official poverty line, then that is
       | considered fuel poverty.
       | 
       | I'm old enough to remember houses without any form of central
       | heating - mostly farms and cottages but even modernish town
       | houses of the 70s/80s might be a bit remiss on the modern
       | touches. I'm 55 so born 1970. My family lived in at least one
       | house with an out-house bog (toilet) - it got a bit nippy (cold)
       | in winter. If you had to use it then piss first to break the ice
       | and then go in for a dump!
       | 
       | My mum was a Devonshire (Stoke Fleming, nr Dartmouth) farm girl
       | and one anecdote she had was visiting another farm that even her
       | parents considered a bit old school. The bog in the other farm
       | was situated above a shippon - ie where cows are kept. The house
       | adjoined the shippon and a fancy modern "indoor" bog had been
       | built by bashing a hole through an exterior wall and an extension
       | added over the shippon. It even had a sink to wash your hands -
       | which was from a rain capture tank ... . The floorboards were a
       | bit sketchy and apparently you could end up nearly eye to eye
       | with the bull, whilst sat on the throne.
       | 
       | OK, back to fuel poverty and the old days not being cute. My
       | mum's anecdote would probably be considered laughable to an
       | Elizabethan (not QEII - QEI).
       | 
       | The world spins and we move on. I can remember being seriously
       | cold in a house and basically wearing a lot more clothing and
       | having a lot of blankets and later a hefty TOG rated duvet on my
       | bed.
       | 
       | I think I prefer progress but don't think of the past as somehow
       | regressive.
       | 
       | (1) https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/fuel-poverty-
       | stati...
        
         | nradov wrote:
         | It's sad how the UK government has impoverished its people
         | through a bizarre and misguided pursuit of "Net Zero".
        
           | hexbin010 wrote:
           | Our high energy costs are far more complicated than that.
        
           | Qwertious wrote:
           | It's so weird how people in the UK blame their economic woes
           | on renewables and not the fact that they sanctioned
           | themselves against their main trading partners with Brexit.
           | 
           | Like, what were you expecting? Breaking out of the EU (a
           | primarily economic union) results in economic problems.
           | Import controls requires stopping incoming trucks (sorry,
           | incoming _lorries_ ) and that requires building major truck
           | stop to avoid backups, and it increases shipping costs on
           | everything. You(r govt) didn't build the truck stops, didn't
           | set up any sort of _plan_ until after the import controls
           | went into effect, and were somehow surprised that putting up
           | a trade barrier resulted in less trade, and a resulting
           | economic slowdown.
        
       | stevenwoo wrote:
       | It's a series of essays but Virginia Woolf's A Room of One's Own
       | about her struggles as a female artist in Britain a century ago
       | still resonates today - maybe she was ahead of her time but it
       | was striking to me that her thoughts would not be out of place in
       | the current era, same structural problems remain.
        
       | Jordan-117 wrote:
       | Grueling Household Tasks Of 19th Century Enjoyed By Suburban
       | Woman
       | 
       | https://theonion.com/grueling-household-tasks-of-19th-centur...
        
       | slowhadoken wrote:
       | Today will be the brutal past in the future.
        
       | ridgeguy wrote:
       | My go-to for thinking about the past is dentistry.
        
         | munchler wrote:
         | Yes, or the horrible diseases that were common before we
         | understood germs or had safe, effective vaccines. (Sadly, we
         | seem to be backsliding on that one.)
        
         | PeterHolzwarth wrote:
         | Too true - "dentistry." Which translated into "pull the tooth
         | out." Rough times people went through up until just a handful
         | or two decades ago.
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | This is the classic pastoral fantasy, about which much has been
       | written. Probably too much.
        
       | inshard wrote:
       | Everything is relative. Even the perception of effort, from the
       | calories burned at work daily to sustain a livelihood, is
       | subjective. What truly matters is the amount of effort required
       | by your peers to achieve similar financial stability. We tolerate
       | the work as long as everyone else is equally willing to do it.
        
       | JoshTriplett wrote:
       | "Let others praise ancient times; I am glad I was born in these."
       | -- Ovid
        
         | ascorbic wrote:
         | He would've loved Tumblr
        
       | PeterHolzwarth wrote:
       | "A woman's work is never done."
       | 
       | In our agrarian past, the cultural division of labor at the time
       | said that men worked the field, women ran the home. And that
       | later job was brutal, never-ending, and consumed _all_ waking
       | hours until the day she died.
       | 
       | Men broke their backs in the field, women consumed their lives
       | doing the ceaseless work that never ended, every waking moment.
       | (And occasionally helped out in the field, too).
       | 
       | Running a family was a brutal two-person job -- and the kids had
       | to dive in to help out the second they could lift something
       | heavier than a couple pounds.
       | 
       | We forget so easily that for the entire history of our species -
       | up until just recently - simply staying alive and somewhat warm
       | and minimally fed was a hundred-hour-a-week job for mom and dad.
       | 
       | There are important downsides, but the Green Revolution - and
       | dare I say it, the industrial revolution - was truly
       | transformative for our species.
        
         | danny_codes wrote:
         | You seem to be ignoring the vast majority of human history
         | before we developed farming. Agriculture societies are a
         | relatively brief period of our collective history.
        
           | margalabargala wrote:
           | People moved from a hunter gatherer society to an agrarian
           | society because the latter was easier.
        
             | euroderf wrote:
             | And also beer became possible.
        
             | UltraSane wrote:
             | Initially but the excess food allowed population to
             | increase and the only way to feed them was to keep farming.
             | So in a way humans trapped themselves.
        
               | LanceH wrote:
               | The population increased because half of it wasn't dying
               | off immediately. You have to include the half that dies
               | off early in the calculations of QoL for
               | hunter/gatherers.
        
               | rhubarbtree wrote:
               | "Trapped" in a life that meant women didn't have to
               | regularly murder their children.
               | 
               | Such nonsense the idea that farming was a trap. I think
               | it was Sapiens that propagated this myth in recent times.
        
               | strudey wrote:
               | I think there's a version of the Malthusian trap that has
               | explanatory merit - the idea that as population
               | increased, you got diminishing returns from more people
               | farming the same land. Population would therefore
               | increase until famine, after which there would be good
               | times until the cycle repeated. This cycle was broken by
               | the industrial revolution.
        
               | kzrdude wrote:
               | Isn't this the same "trap" that any living life "falls
               | into"? It gets many offspring, and only those survive who
               | can feed themselves. Exponential growth fills up the
               | niche until there are no more resources: any successful
               | species is trapped against some kind of resource or
               | environmental ceiling, unfortunately.
               | 
               | Is there a ceiling in the industrial revolution era?
               | Famously the 1972 book Limits to Growth says yes for that
               | question.
        
               | andsoitis wrote:
               | > So in a way humans trapped themselves.
               | 
               | It is actually the plants (barley, grain, grapes, millet,
               | potatoes, taro, maize, rice, sorghum, manioc) that
               | tricked the humans into cultivating (reproduce) them/
        
             | bandrami wrote:
             | Not _easier_ , lower-risk. Agriculture produced a standard
             | of living with a lower mean but a much thinner left tail.
        
               | tor825gl wrote:
               | This wisdom is preserved for us in the story of Esau and
               | Jacob. Esau was a hunter and Jacob was a farmer. When
               | hunting went badly, Esau's desperation for protein, which
               | Jacob could guarantee a supply of by cultivating lentils,
               | was such that he gave up his whole birthright in exchange
               | for the food.
               | 
               | The era in which humans chose whether to continue with a
               | hunter gatherer life or join the new farming communities
               | also seems to have influenced the stories of Adam and Eve
               | ("cursed is the ground because of you; through toil you
               | will eat of it all the days of your life. Both thorns and
               | thistles it will yield for you, and you will eat the
               | plants of the field. By the sweat of your brow you will
               | eat your bread") and Cain and Abel.
               | 
               | Some have also suggested that archaic prohibitions
               | against eating the food of fairies were a taboo designed
               | to warn off young people from leaving farming or herding
               | groups and joining hunter gatherer communities. They
               | would be 'enchanted' by the easy going lifestyle but then
               | end up hungry and sick.
               | 
               | The need to spend hours every day working a field, in a
               | season when food was plentiful, in order to prepare for
               | another season 6 or 9 months away, must have been a huge
               | cultural crossroads, possibly a bigger break from our
               | close animal ancestors than tool making, and its
               | influence is still with us. Rules around not eating
               | animals who are needed to supply milk and to reproduce
               | the herd similarly cast a long shadow.
        
               | truegoric wrote:
               | That is a very interesting take. Would you mind sharing
               | some sources, preferably academic, that discuss the topic
               | of agrarian/hunter-gatherer relations and its influence
               | on historical stories and myths?
        
               | andsoitis wrote:
               | Some academic sources:
               | 
               | - The Birth of the Gods and the Origins of Agriculture by
               | Jacques Cauvin (1994/2000)
               | 
               | - Inside the Neolithic Mind: Consciousness, Cosmos and
               | the Realm of the Gods by David Lewis-Williams & David
               | Pearce (2005)
               | 
               | - Anthropology of Ancient Greek Sacrificial Ritual and
               | Myth by Walter Burkert (1972/1983)
               | 
               | - Hunter-Gatherers and the Origins of Religion by HC
               | Peoples et al. (2016)
               | 
               | - Subsistence: Models and Metaphors for the Transition to
               | Agriculture by H. Starr (2005)
               | 
               | --------------------------
               | 
               | Myths didn't juts reflect the shift, they were also one
               | of the cultural tools that made the shift psychologically
               | possible.
               | 
               | For instance, the H&G worldview is cyclical (time
               | repeats) but the agricultural worldview is linear. H&G
               | myths emphasize eternal returns, cycles of creation and
               | destruction, spirits of rivers, trees, animals.
               | Agricultural myths introduce beginning of time, progress,
               | destiny, apocalypse.
               | 
               | As animals became domesticated, their spiritual status
               | from H&G mythology declines, while the status of plants
               | and land rises under agriculture. There's agricultural
               | symbolism in Christ's body being bread and his blood
               | being wine.
               | 
               | The shift the agriculture produces surplus, property,
               | inheritance, kings, priests, and so myth arise to justify
               | social structures that don't make sense in nomadic
               | foraging bands.
               | 
               | Sacrifice is an agricultural logic. Classic pattern: god
               | dies, god's body becomes food, eating is communion. It is
               | directly agricultural: plant dies when harvested, seed is
               | buried (like a corpse), resurrection in spring. Sacrifice
               | becomes cosmic agriculture.
               | 
               | The Garden -> Exile story is a pattern we see in Genesis
               | ("By the sweat of your brow you shall eat bread") but
               | also in Greek mythology; Kronos' Golden Age changes when
               | Zeus forces humans to work.
               | 
               | In H&G, the trickster gods (Coyote, Raven, Loki, Anansi)
               | are central, but with damaging they become dangerous,
               | marginalized, punished because agriculture requires law,
               | calendar, taboo, not chaos.
        
               | tor825gl wrote:
               | Thanks for this!
               | 
               | Another pattern might be that, whereas oral culture
               | matched the 'sufficient unto the day' ethos of hunter
               | gatherers, writing reflected the new agricultural process
               | of carefully building up and storing for the future.
               | Rather than a neutral technological innovation, it
               | embodied the psychological shift.
        
               | valesco wrote:
               | This make me think of Into the Wild. Its cultural appeal
               | may come from its resonance with those ancient cautionary
               | tales.
        
               | watwut wrote:
               | No, it was easier. Not just lower risk. It gave you
               | advantages both in terms of self defence, resources and
               | even aggression toward surrounding group if you were
               | collectively assholes.
               | 
               | It was easier to make your numbers go up, raise more kids
               | which made you stronger.
        
               | margalabargala wrote:
               | So, easier to not have huge die-offs where you watch your
               | kids die of starvation?
        
             | andsoitis wrote:
             | > People moved from a hunter gatherer society to an
             | agrarian society because the latter was easier.
             | 
             | Agriculture began from a convergence of climate stability,
             | resource abundance, sedentary living, population pressure,
             | and co-evolution with useful plants and animals.
             | 
             | Hunting and gathering alone cannot feed everyone. Farming
             | is harder, less healthy, more labor-intensive but yields
             | more calories per acre.
             | 
             | As a population grows, farming becomes the least bad
             | option.
        
             | kzrdude wrote:
             | It looks more like agrarian society outcompeted hunter
             | gatherer society because the agrarians got more surviving
             | kids. This replacement and assimilation happened in Europe,
             | for example, where it's visible in genetic and linguistic
             | history.
        
               | margalabargala wrote:
               | Yes, because it was easier, to not have your kids die
               | among other things.
               | 
               | Hunter-gathering doesn't scale. What is fine when it's
               | one person, collapses the whole society when it gets too
               | large.
        
           | mcmoor wrote:
           | But it also contain the most people. Industrial age contains
           | even more people but it hasn't defeated agricultural age yet
           | because it's still so recent.
        
         | lovich wrote:
         | Even in agricultural societies it wasnt a nuclear family as
         | implied by "Running a family was a brutal two-person job..."
         | 
         | Most human societies were much more interconnected until
         | relatively recently(last 80-100 years)
        
         | nowittyusername wrote:
         | When humans domesticated animals and started tending to the
         | fields is when IMO it all went down hill. That change brought
         | in modern civilization with all its advantages but moreeso its
         | disadvantages and maladaptive behaviors of the human mind. We
         | shoulda stayed hunter gatherers, I am almost certain we would
         | have been happier.
        
           | PeterHolzwarth wrote:
           | You first.
           | 
           | And no cheating by bringing antibiotics with you.
        
             | nurettin wrote:
             | To be fair, antibiotics are needed much more now that we
             | have billions of hosts these organisms can evolve on
             | rapidly.
        
             | defrost wrote:
             | A lack of antibiotics wasn't sufficient reason to stay in
             | western society for those members of the Pintupi Nine and
             | other hunter gather families that came in, looked about,
             | and left again.
             | 
             | Some can't imagine life without antibiotics, others can't
             | fathom living with everything else that comes with it.
        
               | Aloha wrote:
               | They had a place that was familiar and comforting to go
               | return to.
               | 
               | Anyone who is of a modern industrialized society who is
               | waxing poetically about becoming a hunter gatherer is
               | both, looking at history thru very rose colored goggles
               | and welcome to go find a place to do just that.
        
               | defrost wrote:
               | Alternatively they grew up with a foot in both worlds,
               | eg:
               | 
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7gmCX7R-W4c
               | 
               | Many people that have lived side by side with indigenous
               | people across northern australia, the islands, PNG, et al
               | have a clear idea of exactly what living off the land
               | entails.
               | 
               | A good many have done exactly that for extended periods,
               | dropping in and out from one to the other.
               | 
               | They would have done this sans any condescending
               | permission from those wishing them well - such opinions
               | count for naught.
        
               | Aloha wrote:
               | Agreed.
        
               | tor825gl wrote:
               | But you've selected one particular group. The thousands
               | of groups and individuals who merged their way of life
               | with that of farming/toolmaking/industrialised/modern
               | human society do not have a name, they are just part of
               | the human mainstream.
               | 
               | Of course some of these adaptations happened by force or
               | coercion. But many didn't. So many groups have wanted to
               | participate in technological progress, even at the cost
               | of giving up their previous way of life, that in fact
               | extreme degrees of control and/or hostility have often
               | been needed just to keep parallel societies uncontacted.
        
               | defrost wrote:
               | > But
               | 
               | But?
               | 
               | > you've selected one particular group.
               | 
               | I used as examples some specific individuals of one named
               | group, yes. I also had in mind other specific individuals
               | of a few other families - all these groups share the same
               | major language group.
               | 
               | There are other similar examples across the globe, of
               | course, there's an entire island that famously prefers no
               | contact- but I'm making a brief comment not writing a
               | book.
               | 
               | > Of course some of these adaptations happened by force
               | or coercion. But many didn't.
               | 
               | If I were to pursue this I'd likely argue that a majority
               | of adaptions happened with more force, less willingness,
               | and at a pace faster than desired by the less
               | technologically advanced side.
               | 
               | > So many groups have wanted to participate in
               | technological progress,
               | 
               | Indeed. Many are curious about water but didn't expect a
               | hose shoved down their throats with a bucket load
               | funnelled in endlessly with no off tap.
               | 
               | > that in fact extreme degrees of control and/or
               | hostility have often been needed just to keep parallel
               | societies uncontacted.
               | 
               | I'm assuming this refers to those groups that want to
               | retain autonomy but have difficulty doing so.
               | 
               | In many such cases that I'm aware of the problem stems
               | less from former group members wanting to bring the
               | outside in, more from outsiders (eg: loggers) wanting to
               | clearfell habitat, miners wanting pits, etc.
               | 
               | eg: The entire West of PNG not wanting rule by Indonesia,
               | various "Indonesians" not wanting their dense jungle
               | homes cleared for palm oil plantations, various groups in
               | Brazil, Native American Indians not wanting pipes to
               | cross ther lands, giant copper mines on sacred grounds,
               | etc.
        
               | tor825gl wrote:
               | You are making the same two errors again.
               | 
               | You are focusing on the 0.01% of humanity which isn't
               | part of mainstream modernity rather than the 99.99% which
               | is. And you're discussing cases of extreme differential
               | in technological knowledge and worldview (Amazon jungle,
               | Papua New Guinea), rather than the vastly more common
               | smaller gaps and asymmetries.
               | 
               | If a majority of adaptations happened with force, how do
               | you explain the ones that didn't? Don't they suggest that
               | even without any force there would have been convergence,
               | just more slowly?
               | 
               | European settlers committed genocide against the native
               | peoples of North America. I'm not denying that. But that
               | happened in a context of a 400 year process of cultural
               | exchanges and mergers in both directions. Arguably North
               | Americans could not have ignored the written word or
               | manufactured textiles in perpetuity, just as their
               | societies adapted and mutated to accept the horse and
               | steel tools.
        
               | defrost wrote:
               | > You are making the same two errors again.
               | 
               | Are you stating that no hunter gathers ever turned their
               | backs on modern society despite antibiotics, dishwashers,
               | and iPhones?
               | 
               | The claim I made in my comment
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=46179508 that
               | prompted your response was a simple documented fact:
               | 
               | Antibiotics were not a sufficient factor to stop some
               | people from rejecting technological society.
               | 
               | I'm not seeing the two errors there you claim.
               | 
               | > European settlers committed genocide against the native
               | peoples of North America. I'm not denying that.
               | 
               | Cool. I mean that's not something I said, but hey, if you
               | want to chuck that in, sure.
               | 
               | > But that happened in a context of a 400 year process of
               | cultural exchanges and mergers in both directions.
               | 
               | I'm not sure 400 years of war, conflict and asymetric
               | resource exchange makes up for the genocide part.
               | 
               | The Javanese subjugation of West Papua was a lot faster
               | and equally or more brutal, the Europeans were largely
               | hands off for that one, although they did quietly nod
               | along and ignored the severed tonges and familial
               | violence that accompanied the staged plebiscite :
               | 
               | Cute Name though:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Act_of_Free_Choice
               | 
               | Blackwater: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mrciT3lXtwE
        
             | rurp wrote:
             | Many people did choose to live as hunter gatherers all over
             | the world, until they were universally slaughtered and
             | subjugated. We don't really know if industrial societies
             | lead to more fullfilling lives or not, because they clearly
             | lead to better and more expansive armies that quickly
             | destroy anyone trying to live outside of that.
        
               | andsoitis wrote:
               | > Many people did choose to live as hunter gatherers all
               | over the world, until they were universally slaughtered
               | and subjugated.
               | 
               | There are still a number of uncontacted peoples and
               | international groups that advocate for them:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncontacted_peoples
        
             | throwawaylaptop wrote:
             | Maybe it's a herd immunity thing or something and others
             | are keeping me safe, but I'm 41 and Ive never taken an
             | antibiotic and neither has anyone else in my family to my
             | knowledge. I still can't figure out if it's the chicken or
             | the egg.. have I never been sick because I don't take part
             | in the medical system, or do I not take part because I've
             | never been sick.. Then again last time my cuticle got
             | infected I sterilized a knife and drained it myself. My
             | friend said he had something similar and they gave him an
             | antibiotic yet DIDNT drain it until it got worse and then
             | they just did what I did. But at least they got to sell
             | some antibiotics.
        
               | manmal wrote:
               | Antibiotics should IMO be reserved for life threatening
               | situations, or likely upcoming life threatening
               | situations. In the 80s as a toddler I was given
               | antibiotics for measles (they can't possibly work on
               | viruses), and had half a year of diarrhea afterwards.
        
               | mcny wrote:
               | It is funny you say that. Where do you draw the line?
               | 
               | I had what was most likely poison ivy. Covered both arms.
               | And was spreading. What do you propose my nurse
               | practitioner to do? Not prescribe any antibiotics? To
               | what end? I should continue to suffer because of what
               | reason?
        
               | SturgeonsLaw wrote:
               | Antibiotics do one thing, and one thing only - kill
               | bacteria. They don't do anything for viruses, fungal
               | infection, inflammation, chemical irritants or pain
               | relief.
               | 
               | In the case of poison ivy, all antibiotics would do is
               | lower the already slim odds of a secondary infection.
               | They wouldn't prevent the contact dermatitis/inflammation
               | from urishiol.
        
               | mcny wrote:
               | No. I had broken skin barrier. Pus coming out and
               | dripping. The use of antibiotics was definitely
               | warranted. Again, who do you want to decide whether the
               | use of antibiotics is ok and under what conditions?
               | 
               | Should I be dying before you grant me antibiotics? What
               | kind of nonsense is this?
        
               | throwawaylaptop wrote:
               | I personally think you were given antibiotics needlessly
               | just for the sake of it..
               | 
               | But yes, I think you should have developed some kind of
               | infection, and being showing trouble of fighting it off,
               | before you're given antibiotics.
        
               | manmal wrote:
               | For topical use, maybe an iodine spray would have been
               | better suited. Iodine kills way more pathogens than
               | antibiotics, and it's very good at that, and has no
               | reported cases of resistance development.
        
               | tsimionescu wrote:
               | Poison ivy is a plant that causes a topical rash,
               | antibiotics can't help in any way with this. Maybe you've
               | mistyped something?
        
               | mcny wrote:
               | When poison ivy spreads on skin, you have broken skin
               | barrier with yellow liquid coming out. Then the places
               | this yellow liquid touched also gets itchy and you now
               | have multiple broken skin barrier everywhere.
               | 
               | When skin barrier gets broken like this, you are now
               | vulnerable to bacterial infection.
        
               | throwawaylaptop wrote:
               | I know people that have more skin lost than you'd care to
               | look at from semi serious motorcycle crashes, and no they
               | don't just take antibiotics for fun.
               | 
               | I can't believe someone gave you anti biotics for poison
               | ivy.
               | 
               | At this point I genuinely consider the medical system
               | about as bad as the service department at a car
               | dealership. They'll sell you anything technically legal
               | just to keep their stats high.
        
               | mcny wrote:
               | > At this point I genuinely consider the medical system
               | about as bad as the service department at a car
               | dealership. They'll sell you anything technically legal
               | just to keep their stats high.
               | 
               | No, the service department has a bad reputation for a
               | reason. They tried to tell me a wiper blade would cost me
               | USD 80 with a straight face. Not even the whole set, a
               | single wiper blade. It costs under USD 15 anywhere else
               | other than the dealership.
               | 
               | My guess is they are counting on people not looking at
               | the itemized bill.
        
               | throwawaylaptop wrote:
               | I hope this is satire.
        
               | monadgonad wrote:
               | Antibiotics don't stop you suffering from poison ivy. At
               | all. In other posts you say you had a broken skin barrier
               | that's vulnerable to infection, so you presumably know
               | that this is not the same as actually having a bacterial
               | infection, and that antibiotics are only a prophylactic,
               | not a treatment. So stop making out that people are dying
               | to deny you treatment.
        
               | TheOtherHobbes wrote:
               | You have absolutely been sick, but your immune system
               | fought it off. You have a permanent low level of
               | opportunistic infections because everyone does.
               | 
               | You may not have had _symptoms_ , but that's a very
               | different thing.
               | 
               | And I assume you've been vaccinated against all the
               | usuals.
        
             | Gud wrote:
             | You can't survive as s hunter gatherer in the modern world.
        
             | manmal wrote:
             | Hard to catch a disease when it's always the same 15 people
             | around you, with no communication to the outside world; and
             | no factory farming that incubates most of these diseases.
             | 
             | Regarding your reference to how brutal and never-ending
             | work was; As far as we know, many European medieval farmers
             | had 1500-1800 working hours per year. It's also a bit
             | gloomy to assume the household was run by two parents and
             | their kids - often, grandparents were colocated and helped
             | until they couldn't. What you've described was certainly
             | the case during famines and war, but not a permanent state.
        
               | majormajor wrote:
               | insects, predator animals, cuts+bacteria all seem like
               | quite hard-to-avoid disease vectors. we can spread
               | disease quickly these days, but there are no shortage of
               | ancient diseases you could've come across in a small
               | hunter-gatherer society
               | 
               | I believe the modern world creates a lot of mental health
               | problems, loneliness, and unhappines, but it's absolutely
               | _physically_ safer and more survivable (and more
               | comfortable) for a huge percentage of the developed
               | world. (It creates those mental problems unnecessarily,
               | given the level of technology we have, but deeply baked
               | into our fairly-antisocial individualistic culture)
        
               | manmal wrote:
               | I'm not sure I agree on your second point. Cardiovascular
               | disease, cancer, Alzheimer's and others are endemic to
               | the developed world. My personal opinion here is that
               | constant oversupply with calories is not something humans
               | have been able to adapt to, yet.
        
               | WA wrote:
               | We just live longer than back then and have way more
               | opportunities to see these (mostly) late-life diseases.
               | Same with cancer.
               | 
               | Yes, average life span was shorter back then because of
               | child mortality. But the vast majority of surviving
               | adults never reached age 80. Old age was 60-70 and many
               | of these diseases only occur at 70+ in significant
               | numbers.
        
               | sarchertech wrote:
               | >Hard to catch a disease when it's always the same 15
               | people around you, with no communication to the outside
               | world.
               | 
               | There's plenty of bacteria hanging out in the dirt,
               | water, the animals you eat, and on your own skin. Add in
               | the parasites, and zoonotic viruses and it's not very
               | hard at all to catch a disease even as a solitary hermit
               | in the wild.
               | 
               | >factory farms
               | 
               | Didn't need factory farms for smallpox. Many animals live
               | in large herds, which were larger in the past. If you
               | read accounts from the 18th and early 19th century there
               | are many reports of squirrel migrations involving
               | hundreds of millions of squirrels in relatively small
               | areas.
        
               | manmal wrote:
               | Small pox was way after hunter gatherer times, so I'm not
               | sure what point you are making. Huge farms were a thing
               | even in medieval times, with hundreds of animals.
        
               | 9rx wrote:
               | "Way after" is quite an overstatement. Smallpox is as old
               | as agriculture. Most seem to agree that it was the
               | transition into agrarian life that provided the necessary
               | conditions for it to emerge, but it did so right as that
               | transition took place.
        
               | sarchertech wrote:
               | My point is that factory farms aren't a requirement for
               | zoonotic viruses. Smallpox also predates the medieval
               | period by thousands of years.
               | 
               | We also know that there are viral epidemics in animals
               | that live in solitary animals and animals that live in
               | groups smaller than the size of hunter gatherer tribes.
        
               | palmotea wrote:
               | > There's plenty of bacteria hanging out in the dirt,
               | water, the animals you eat, and on your own skin. Add in
               | the parasites, and zoonotic viruses and it's not very
               | hard at all to catch a disease even as a solitary hermit
               | in the wild.
               | 
               | An hunter-gathers were probably a lot more robust to that
               | than modern people.
               | 
               | Think about it: if what you say were that big of an
               | issue, hunter-gathers would have been sickly and died out
               | before getting to us.
        
               | Qwertious wrote:
               | Hunter-gatherers didn't have birth control; if you have 5
               | kids and half of them die, you've still maintained your
               | population.
        
               | 9rx wrote:
               | But as the parent comment suggests, if the adults were
               | getting sick it is unlikely that they would be able to:
               | 
               | * Produce 5 kids in the first place.
               | 
               | * Take care of the kids that they were able to produce,
               | making survival of even half them much less likely.
               | 
               | But in actuality, best we are able to determine hunter-
               | gathers who made it into adulthood lived longer,
               | healthier lives than those in agrarian lifestyles.
        
               | integralid wrote:
               | They were getting sick and died more often than us, but
               | still enough survived to keep the population alive.
               | There's no contradiction.
               | 
               | I admit they probably had a stronger immunologic system
               | on average, by virtue of relying on it and "exercising"
               | more often. Alternatively, people prone to getting sick
               | just died early.
        
               | 9rx wrote:
               | > They were getting sick and died more often than us
               | 
               | The comparison was with agrarian societies that were
               | found in parallel, not "us", which presumably implies
               | something about modern medicine. Have I misinterpreted
               | you?
               | 
               |  _> There 's no contradiction._
               | 
               | Was there reason to think that there was...? It is not
               | clear what you are trying to add here.
        
               | throwup238 wrote:
               | The adults getting sick and being undernourished was one
               | of the leading causes of infant mortality.
        
               | throw0101a wrote:
               | > _Take care of the kids that they were able to produce,
               | making survival of even half them much less likely._
               | 
               | H-G societies tend to be smaller groups where everyone in
               | the village helps with childcare, so if a parent was out
               | of action for a while the children could still be
               | gathered.
               | 
               | This is covered in the book _Hunt, Gather, Parent_ by
               | Michaeleen Doucleff, specifically with the Hadzabe people
               | (Tanzania).
        
               | UncleMeat wrote:
               | Humanity almost did die out. All living humans are
               | descendants from a relatively small funnel.
        
               | manmal wrote:
               | It's likely that was due to catastrophic events, and not
               | general resilience. If a big meteor hits earth now, we'll
               | likely by at a population of a few k or 10k as well.
        
               | sarchertech wrote:
               | There's no reason to assume that. Antibiotics and anti-
               | parasitic drugs have only been around for a century or
               | so. That's not enough time for our immune systems to have
               | lost the ability to fight them.
               | 
               | >Think about it: if what you say were that big of an
               | issue, hunter-gathers would have been sickly and died out
               | before getting to us.
               | 
               | Most wild animals are riddled with parasites and it's
               | common for for animals in captivity to have 2x the
               | lifespan of their wild counterparts.
               | 
               | You don't need to make it to 70 to raise children. If 50%
               | of people make it to 30 and each person has an average of
               | 5 kids the math works out fine for population growth.
        
               | Konnstann wrote:
               | The immune response to diseases has to be developed over
               | time, not to mention the fact that the introduction of
               | those drugs drastically accelerated the evolution of the
               | bacteria, viruses, etc. I can't speculate as to the
               | health of hunter gatherer civilizations but modern diets
               | and until recently the prevalence of antibacterial soaps
               | and products in homes have definitely changed immune
               | systems. Just look at covid, where in just a period of a
               | few years the amount of infections due to other common
               | diseases like influenza or strep have shot up due to kids
               | not being exposed to germs during the lockdowns.
        
               | sarchertech wrote:
               | > The immune response to diseases has to be developed
               | over time
               | 
               | The human immune system has both innate and acquired
               | components. The innate systems are functionally the same
               | between you and I or a hunter gatherer.
               | 
               | A hunter gatherer may have acquired immunity to viruses
               | and bacteria that you or I haven't been exposed to, but
               | in most cases they would have become sick in the first
               | place before they got that immunity. The majority of
               | diseases don't produce long lasting immunity. There's a
               | reason you get tetanus vaccines every 5-10 years.
               | 
               | We are also exposed to more pathogens than hunter
               | gatherers not fewer because of the way we live. Plus we
               | have vaccines, so if anything we have a more robust
               | acquired immune system.
               | 
               | > introduction of those drugs drastically accelerated the
               | evolution of the bacteria, viruses, etc.
               | 
               | Antibiotics accelerated the evolution of bacteria towards
               | antibiotic resistance. Not towards greater virulence.
               | Antibiotic resistance generally has a fitness penalty as
               | well, so if anything modern bacteria would tend to be
               | slightly less dangerous.
               | 
               | >antibacterial soap
               | 
               | Antibacterial soap can result in resistant bacteria and
               | it also alters your bodies microbiome. Theres some
               | evidence that it can make you more prone to autoimmune
               | diseases, but no good evidence of a strong impact on your
               | bodies ability to fight off diseases.
               | 
               | Certainly not to a level noticeable by an individual.
               | 
               | >look at Covid
               | 
               | The reason influenza infections went up was because
               | people weren't exposed to influenza, not because of lack
               | of exposure to generic germs.
               | 
               | There weren't more overall infections, they were just
               | concentrated in time. If Covid hadn't happened, those
               | extra people who got the flu would have just gotten the
               | flu earlier.
        
               | scott_w wrote:
               | Parent specifically called out antibiotics, which are for
               | bacterial infections, not diseases. Coupled with the
               | increased number of things to step on or get cut by means
               | you really need them.
        
               | manmal wrote:
               | You definitely don't automatically need antibiotics for
               | something you step on, or get cut. Any topical antiseptic
               | will do, and probably perform better.
        
               | scott_w wrote:
               | What you say is only half true. I'm also thinking of
               | injuries caused by animals and other people. Antiseptic
               | isn't going to fix the nasty kind of infections deep bite
               | or knife wounds cause. A hunter gatherer society is
               | definitely at greater risk of suffering these kinds of
               | injuries than we are.
               | 
               | And also, even antiseptic treatment was in shorter supply
               | than it is today, so it's still a moot point.
        
               | manmal wrote:
               | There's sufficient evidence that hunter gatherer
               | societies have indeed used various plant- and animal
               | based antiseptics (honey, oils, tannins, resins,
               | fungi,...) to treat wounds.
        
               | scott_w wrote:
               | I said shorter supply than today, not totally
               | unavailable. Pre-agrarian societies, by definition, were
               | not growing and harvesting antiseptics in bulk. They'd
               | not do much against an infection from a stab wound (yes,
               | non-agrarian societies encountered, fought and killed
               | each other).
        
               | Qwertious wrote:
               | >Hard to catch a disease when it's always the same 15
               | people around you, with no communication to the outside
               | world
               | 
               | Traded neolithic goods regularly crossed continents. If
               | an axe head can cross the continent then so can a
               | microscopic disease.
        
               | dboreham wrote:
               | Disease can also be zoonotic. E.g. North America
               | supposedly saw disease spread by wild pigs through the
               | indigenous population _before_ direct contact with
               | colonizing Europeans.
        
             | palmotea wrote:
             | > You first.
             | 
             | He wasn't talking about going back, he was talking about
             | staying.
             | 
             | > And no cheating by bringing antibiotics with you.
             | 
             | I don't recall where I read this, but (probably hundreds of
             | years ago) some explorer in Africa was on a boat with some
             | hunter-gatherers. A bloated, rotting dead rat floated by,
             | they picked it up, said "yum" and dug in. They didn't get
             | sick. I've also read some speculation that (initially) fire
             | wasn't needed so much for cooking meat, because hunter-
             | gatherers can (and did) accomplish the same effect by
             | letting meat rot a little. Fire was more useful for
             | vegetables.
             | 
             | So actual hunter gatherers probably had less need for
             | antibiotics than a modern person thrust into a similar
             | situation.
        
               | tumult wrote:
               | That's from Arnold Henry Savage Landor and I suspect it
               | was fabricated or exaggerated, like many Victorian era
               | British tales of savages abroad.
        
             | Aloha wrote:
             | Indeed!
             | 
             | Antibiotics and Insulin - those two things have saves
             | untold lives.
             | 
             | Before about 1920, the difference between rich and poor and
             | the likelihood to recover from disease had more to do with
             | ability to rest and diet.
             | 
             | The rich and poor alike died to tuberculosis (which was
             | often a death sentence until antibiotics), simple cysts,
             | all sorts of very basic bacterial infections killed in
             | droves.
             | 
             | At the risk of sidetracking this further - it was only
             | after insulin where the idea that healthcare could be
             | somewhat that could be a right became somewhat reasonable
             | (before the late gilded age, doctors often did as much harm
             | as good) - every lifesaving innovation we have made sense,
             | were often very modest amounts of money is the difference
             | between life and death make that argument stronger.
        
               | robocat wrote:
               | > Antibiotics and Insulin - those two things have saves
               | untold lives.
               | 
               | Type 1 is about 0.5% prevalence. Type 1 diabetes was a
               | rapid death sentence before insulin discovery in the
               | 1920s.
               | 
               | Type 2 is more common (maybe 10% but highly dependent on
               | country) and it is a relatively modern problem
               | 
               | Infant mortality has dropped to 0.5% from 7% 100 years
               | ago - so that's more significant.
        
               | Aloha wrote:
               | Better food, living conditions and sanitation has helped
               | greatly.
        
             | Qwertious wrote:
             | Stone age hunter-gatherers had better lives than stone-age
             | farmers, assuming that they had enough land to hunt/gather
             | on. Modern farming is usually far easier than modern
             | hunting/gathering, although if you go far enough north
             | you'll find that hunting is still the only viable option.
        
               | rhubarbtree wrote:
               | Oh, really? Then why did they choose farming? And no, it
               | wasn't a trap, they experimented with farming and could
               | have gone back to hunting if as you imply it truly was
               | better.
        
               | amenhotep wrote:
               | Farming supports war better than hunter gathering does.
        
               | troupo wrote:
               | Translation: farming supports larger populations and more
               | complex lifestyles better than hunter gathering.
        
               | carlosjobim wrote:
               | Ever since the invention of the rifle, hunting has been
               | far easier than farming.
        
               | bloomingeek wrote:
               | I would argue that with the invention of the rifle, it
               | was easier IF you could find game, especially since
               | others living in your vicinity were hunting also. Despite
               | the risk of weather and insects, farming was much more
               | predictable as a food source.
        
               | carlosjobim wrote:
               | That same logic should be applied to farming. Where would
               | you find free farmland that nobody else is claiming?
        
               | Fricken wrote:
               | There was a brief period of time in which rifles were
               | available and game was easy to find. 20 million bison
               | were hunted to the brink of extinction within a couple
               | decades.
        
           | imtringued wrote:
           | No matter what you think, and even if we build a super AI to
           | ask it, about what we should do, the answer stays the same.
           | We should build a mass driver on the moon.
        
           | jstummbillig wrote:
           | It's kind of an interesting question. What makes us
           | inherently unhappy?
           | 
           | I think if the theory goes that from a evolutionary
           | standpoint we psychologically are still better equipped to be
           | hunter gatherers, we should assume that our feelings towards
           | homicide and child mortality are comparable. So how happy can
           | a people be, when 40% of their children die and another 20%
           | die by homicide?
           | 
           | If we follow that thread I would argue that it's very
           | unlikely that people were happier back when or would be
           | happier today, unless some other component of being hunter
           | gatherers makes us fantastically ecstatic.
        
             | nowittyusername wrote:
             | What makes us unhappy are the things that the modern world
             | takes away from us. Sense of agency, sense of community,
             | belonging, autonomy, recognition, and many other factors.
             | The modern day human brain and mind is still lagging far
             | behind our current predicament. We evolved to thrive in
             | small village cohorts that condition for small social
             | interactions that have real impact on our lives. Here's a
             | striking example I remember.
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KFOhAd3THW4 There are
             | better longer videos of the citation from the mothers side,
             | where she talks about how alien and cold modern day society
             | is compared to her humble village life. No amount of
             | medicine, material possessions or modern day creature
             | comforts could keep her in New York. she chose to leave and
             | come back home because that's what made her happy.
        
               | jstummbillig wrote:
               | That is a beautiful anecdote, but I don't see what we
               | could reasonably generalize from that. It's fairly well
               | established that access to good medical care and a
               | certain degree of wealth make us happier.
               | 
               |  _Could_ a life radically and willfully different in many
               | ways turn out to be better for most of us (which is
               | critically what you claimed before)? It 's certainly
               | possible, given how few people take this route, but an
               | appeal to nature is just not super convincing, unless you
               | can back it up with data.
               | 
               | I can't help but notice you did not engage with how 40%
               | of kids dieing and another 20% of us getting killed by
               | some member of the cherished tribe could possible lead to
               | high levels of life satisfaction. As far I can tell, on
               | the whole, the good old days were cruel and rosy
               | retrospection is just that.
        
           | logicprog wrote:
           | "Deprivation of material things, including food, was a
           | general recollection [of Zhu adults] and the typical
           | emotional tone in relation to it was one of frustration and
           | anger.... Data on !Kung fertility in relation to body fat, on
           | seasonal weight loss in some bands, and on the slowing of
           | infant growth after the first six months of life all
           | suggested that the previously described abundance had
           | definite limits. Data on morbidity and mortality, though not
           | necessarily relevant to abundance, certainly made use of the
           | term "affluent" seem inappropriate."
           | 
           | "While the !Kung way of life is far from one of uniform
           | drudgery--there is a great deal of leisure in the !Kung camp,
           | even in the worst time of the year--it is also true that the
           | !Kung are very thin and complain often of hunger, at all
           | times of the year. It is likely that hunger is a contributing
           | cause to many deaths which are immediately caused by
           | infectious and parasitic diseases, even though it is rare for
           | anyone simply to starve to death."
           | 
           | "The give and take of tangibles and intangibles goes on in
           | the midst of a high level of bickering. Until one learns the
           | cultural meaning of this continual verbal assault, the
           | outsider wonders how the !Kung can stand to live with each
           | other .... People continually dun the Europeans and
           | especially the European anthropologists since unlike most
           | Europeans, the anthropologists speak !Kung. In the early
           | months of my own field work I despaired of ever getting away
           | from continual harassment. As my knowledge of !Kung
           | increased, I learned that the !Kung are equally merciless in
           | dunning each other."
           | 
           | "In reciprocal relations, one means that a person uses to
           | prevent being exploited in a relationship ... is to prevent
           | him or herself from becoming a "have".... As mentioned
           | earlier, men who have killed a number of larger animals sit
           | back for a pause to enjoy reciprocation. Women gather enough
           | for their families for a few days, but rarely more .... And
           | so, in deciding whether or not to work on a certain day, a
           | !Kung may assess debts and debtors, decide how much wild food
           | harvest will go to family, close relatives and others to whom
           | he or she really wants to reciprocate, versus how much will
           | be claimed by freeloaders."
           | 
           | "The !Kung, we are told, spend a great deal of time talking
           | about who has what and who gave what to whom or failed to
           | give it to whom (Wiessner 1982:68). A lot of the exchange and
           | sharing that goes on seems to be as much motivated by
           | jealousy and envy as it is by any value of generosity or a
           | "liberal custom of sharing." In his survey of foraging
           | societies, Kelly (1995:164-65) notes that "Sharing ...
           | strains relations between people. Consequently, many foragers
           | try to find ways to avoid its demands ... Students new to
           | anthropology ... are often disappointed to learn that these
           | acts of sharing come no more naturally to hunter-gatherers
           | than to members of industrial societies.""
           | 
           | https://kk.org/mt-files/reCCearch-mt/kaplan-darker.pdf
        
           | ACCount37 wrote:
           | No. Nature isn't your friend, and evolution doesn't optimize
           | for happiness.
           | 
           | The sliver lining is: you'll suffer in an entirely different
           | way!
           | 
           | Buuut you can do that in the modern world too. Just go
           | homeless.
        
           | pfannkuchen wrote:
           | Staying hunter gatherer isn't sustainable unless everyone
           | does it, because of the larger population size enabled by
           | agriculture. Larger groups can generally dominate smaller
           | groups absent a technological difference, but here again
           | agriculture has an advantage because it at least seems like
           | it's easier to develop technology when your stuff isn't
           | getting moved around all the time.
        
         | missedthecue wrote:
         | I don't know if any of you have washed soiled clothes by hand,
         | but that's shockingly intensive labor.
        
         | a_bonobo wrote:
         | If you can, read Robert Caro's The Path To Power (Caro's The
         | Power Broker has been a HN favorite ever since Aaron Swartz
         | recommended it). It's the story of the first ~30 years of
         | Lyndon B Johnson's life.
         | 
         | I forget which chapter it is, but Caro takes a detour where he
         | describes the life of women during Johnson's childhood in the
         | dirt-poor valley he was from: no electricity, no waterpower,
         | everything in the house was done by women's hands, 24/7.
         | There's a passage that stuck to me about how women in their 30s
         | in that area looked like other area's women in their 70s, just
         | a brutal life.
        
           | dtjohnnyb wrote:
           | Exactly what I thought of reading this, that chapter is
           | genuinely one of the most affecting things I've ever read.
           | The horror of it keeps growing as he continues to describe
           | awful manual task after the other.
        
           | leobg wrote:
           | Chapter 4 - The Father and Mother
           | 
           | > Transplanted, moreover, to a world in which women had to
           | work, and work hard. On washdays, clothes had to be lifted
           | out of the big soaking vats of boiling water on the ends of
           | long poles, the clothes dripping and heavy; the farm filth
           | had to be scrubbed out in hours of kneeling over rough rub-
           | boards, hours in which the lye in homemade soap burned the
           | skin off women's hands; the heavy flatirons had to be
           | continually carried back and forth to the stove for
           | reheating, and the stove had to be continually fed with new
           | supplies of wood--decades later, even strong, sturdy farm
           | wives would remember how their backs had ached on washday.
        
             | jnsaff2 wrote:
             | And what he left out of this book (and included in the
             | memoir or in some interview) was that there was a
             | scientific study of women in the area at the time which
             | discovered that a very high percentage of women had
             | birthing complications serious enough for hospitalization
             | that went untreated as they had to go back to their chores
             | next day and there was no hospital anywhere close.
        
         | tmoravec wrote:
         | Exactly. You might also enjoy Bret Devereaux' recent series of
         | how life was really like for pre-modern peasants. Also includes
         | parts focusing on women in particular.
         | https://acoup.blog/2025/07/11/collections-life-work-death-an...
        
           | glaugh wrote:
           | That series of blog posts is incredible, as is all his work.
           | One thing that stuck with me is that while our deep
           | evolutionary past is very important, the majority of humans
           | who have lived have been peasants in an agrarian society
        
             | Balgair wrote:
             | That stuck with me too.
             | 
             | The _modal_ human experience was a farmer, far and away.
             | Not the mean, not the median, but the mode. We have the
             | numbers to easily back it up.
        
           | chrismatic wrote:
           | Came here to post the same resource and to point out that
           | based on it it rarely was a "two person's job" only.
        
         | gradus_ad wrote:
         | The industrial revolution is the most transformative event in
         | this history of life since the Cambrian explosion. It's that
         | significant.
        
           | loup-vaillant wrote:
           | It is also on track to be nearly as... _impactful_ as the
           | Permian extinction. That stuff cuts both ways unfortunately.
        
             | andsoitis wrote:
             | > It is also on track to be nearly as... impactful as the
             | Permian extinction.
             | 
             | why do you say that?
        
           | baq wrote:
           | It was also an extremely lucky coincidence.
        
         | indubioprorubik wrote:
         | The green revolution was vitally dependent on oil-gas based
         | fertilizer trade - which means, doing away with manchester-
         | style centralized trade empires who used cutting off trade as a
         | tool of suffocating opponents. The past never went away, it
         | caught up to the present. All poverty is energy poverty - and
         | exponential humanity, always fills that "gap" to the ressource
         | roof with people.
         | 
         | The old, pre-harber-bosch world was a grim dark all against all
         | where empires (themselves devices to keep civilization afloat
         | in a few centralized places, while extracing at great missery
         | elsewhere) fought wars of fertilizer and used one sided trading
         | and food-exports to starve colonies out like vampires.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chincha_Islands_War
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Bengal_famine_of_1770
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herero_and_Nama_genocide
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maji_Maji_Rebellion
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congo_Free_State
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Famine_of_Mount_Lebanon
         | 
         | the whole all against all, no free-trade madness culminated in
         | the two new comer empires copy-pasting the concept dialed up to
         | eleven in their "new colonies".
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebensraum
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empire_of_Japan
        
         | Etheryte wrote:
         | A small nitpick that doesn't take away from the rest of your
         | comment: staying alive and fed was not necessarily a laborious
         | activity for hunter-gatherers living in good climates [0]. It's
         | our expansion into less hospitable environments that made it
         | so.
         | 
         | > Woodburn offers this "very rough approximation" of
         | subsistence-labor requirements: "Over the year as a whole,
         | probably an average of less than two hours a day is spent
         | obtaining food."
         | 
         | > Reports on hunters and gatherers of the ethnological present
         | --specifically on those in marginal environments--suggest a
         | mean of three to five hours per adult worker per day in food
         | production.
         | 
         | [0]
         | https://fifthestate.anarchistlibraries.net/library/370-fall-...
        
           | rocqua wrote:
           | I believe the reasons we "regressed" into agriculture from
           | hunting and gathering are much more complicated than "we
           | moved into more marginal land".
           | 
           | It does appear that the median hunter gatherer life was
           | better than the median farmer life. But I'd wager that to be
           | true in most areas.
        
             | logicprog wrote:
             | It isn't true.
             | 
             | https://kk.org/mt-files/reCCearch-mt/kaplan-darker.pdf
        
           | acessoproibido wrote:
           | So if we go back much further life was super chill and
           | romantic? I dont buy it tbh, it feels to me just as
           | unrealistic.
        
             | Etheryte wrote:
             | Not necessarily back, but to the right environments. As
             | quoted above, we see the same today in isolated tribes that
             | live off of hunting and foraging. All of this also doesn't
             | account for the lack of all other modern convenience such
             | as medicine, hygiene, etc. So it isn't about chill and
             | romantic, but rather the time commitment specifically.
        
               | watwut wrote:
               | Those tribes work a lot if you count food processing,
               | cleaning, creating and maintaining tools, shelters,
               | childcare and so on and so forth.
               | 
               | It looks like they work only a little if you count only
               | pure hunting attempts, the most food rich seasons and
               | ignore the rest.
        
               | logicprog wrote:
               | Yup.
               | 
               | https://kk.org/mt-files/reCCearch-mt/kaplan-darker.pdf
               | 
               | Also they're almost universally malnourished and their
               | access to the food they are able to get is inconsistent
               | at best.
        
               | Projectiboga wrote:
               | The Bush People previously called The Pygmies are modern
               | humans who eat the diet of the previous homonids and get
               | stunted by the caloric deficits. The only thing they
               | plant is hemp, which doesnt scale to actual agriculture.
        
               | al_borland wrote:
               | Without modern entertainment devices, or even books, what
               | else are they going to do? Some "work" could have a lot
               | of crossover into hobby. Some people enjoy cooking,
               | making tools, spending time with kids, etc. They need to
               | do something to pass the time. The stuff is also for a
               | clear purpose. Making a tool to solve a problem right in
               | front of you feels different than performing a seemingly
               | arbitrary task everyday because a boss says so.
        
           | logicprog wrote:
           | The "original affluent society" theory is based on several
           | false premises and is fundamentally outdated, but people keep
           | it alive because it fits certain Rousseauean assumptions we
           | have. I recommend reading this:
           | 
           | https://kk.org/mt-files/reCCearch-mt/kaplan-darker.pdf
           | 
           | There are so many things wrong with those time estimates.
        
             | analog8374 wrote:
             | Well don't just accuse, insinuate and link. Lay out a few
             | actual assertions.
        
               | logicprog wrote:
               | It's a detailed, complicated anthropological argument
               | made by an expert -- and he also does it in a very well-
               | written way. I could attempt to lay out the argument
               | myself, but ultimately everyone would be better served by
               | just... _reading the primary source_ , because I doubt I
               | could do it sufficient justice. I recommend you actually
               | just do the reading. But a general TLDR of the points
               | made are:
               | 
               | - the estimates of how much time hunter-gatherers spent
               | "working" were based on studies that either (a) watched
               | hunter-gatherers in extremely atypical situations (no
               | children, tiny band, few weeks during the most plentiful
               | time of the year, and they were cajoled into traditional
               | living from their usual mission-based lifestyle) or (b)
               | didn't count all the work processing the food so it could
               | even be cooked as time spent providing for subsistence,
               | and when those hours are included, it's 35-60 hours a
               | week of work _even including times of enforced idleness
               | pulling down the average_
               | 
               | - the time estimates also counted enforced idleness from
               | heat making it dangerous to work, or from lack of
               | availability of food, or from diminishing returns, or
               | from various "egalitarian" cultural cul de sacs, as
               | "leisure" but at the same time...
               | 
               | - ... even the hunter gatherers themselves considered
               | their diet insufficiently nutritious and often complained
               | of being underfed, _let alone_ the objective metrics
               | showing that the were
        
             | BDPW wrote:
             | I just read the 'original affluent society' and (most of)
             | your linked essay, I kind of agree with you. That said, the
             | conclusions of Kaplan lead to estimates or 35-60 hours a
             | week (excluding some depending on the group) and that
             | surprised me a lot. That's very different from the image I
             | got from some other comments in this thread talking about
             | extremely long days with constant back-breaking work. Would
             | you agree?
        
               | logicprog wrote:
               | Constant, backbreaking work was not a feature of hunter-
               | gatherer societies in the way it was of early
               | agricultural societies, yes; at the same time, they still
               | worked equal to or longer hours than we did, at things we
               | would likely consider quite grueling and boring (mostly
               | food processing), and what they got out of it was a level
               | of nutrition even _they_ regularly considered inadequate;
               | moreover, a lot of the reason the average per day work
               | estimate is so low, as the paper covers briefly, is that
               | there were very often times, especially during the
               | winter, where food simply wasn 't accessible, or during
               | the summer, where it was so hot it was dangerous to work,
               | so there was enforced idleness, but that's not the same
               | thing as leisure.
        
           | throwup238 wrote:
           | The anthropological research that came up with 2-3 hours of
           | work per day only looked at time spent away from camp
           | gathering, hunting, and fishing. When you account for food
           | processing, cooking, water collection, firewood gathering,
           | tool making, shelter maintenance, and textile production the
           | numbers go way up.
        
             | MichaelRo wrote:
             | Yes, pretty much this. If they worked in the fields 12 hour
             | per day as in a Victorian industrial setting, they would
             | have perished from exposure, not having time to attend
             | obligatory work around the house and to process the food
             | and materials used to make food. Basically peasants worked
             | all the time to maintain a level of "comfort" like in the
             | article's picture: https://i0.wp.com/juliawise.net/wp-
             | content/uploads/2025/12/S...
             | 
             | Also idealization of rural life and past rural life tends
             | to come almost exclusively from city dwellers, basically
             | people who never set foot in a rural area let alone grow or
             | live there.
             | 
             | I grew up in rural Romania and even though the conditions
             | were (and are) exponentially better than what the non-
             | industrial non-mechanized non-chemical (herbicides,
             | pesticides and fertilizers) past offered, all I thought
             | growing up was get the funk out of there. Agriculture (and
             | it's relatives, animal husbandry) sucks and I hate it! :)
             | 
             | And without mechanization it's incredibly labor intensive
             | to tend to a farm. Just to keep the animals alive over
             | winter you have to dry and deposit a lot of hay, but before
             | that you gotta scythe it. Scything is no walk in the park
             | and basically you gotta do a lot of that every day to cover
             | enough area to keep the cattle fed. Then plowing without a
             | tractor and using animals: not just dangerous but
             | backbreaking work. Then hoeing the weeds, funking need to
             | do it all the time because without herbicides, the weeds
             | grow everywhere and by the time you "finished" going once
             | over all crops, they've grown back where you first started.
             | At some point my father had this fantasy of what is now
             | called "organic" crops, in fact cheapskating at paying the
             | price for herbicides, so I did so much hoeing that it got
             | out of my nose. I don't recall me saying it but my mother
             | told me that at some point in a middle of a potatoes hoeing
             | session I said that I'd rather solve 1000 math problems
             | than do even just another row of potatoes. Definitive
             | moment in my career choice, which is a lot closer to
             | solving math problems now than hoeing organic potatoes :)
        
         | lukan wrote:
         | "and the kids had to dive in to help out the second they could
         | lift something heavier than a couple pounds"
         | 
         | Earlier. Picking berries, seeds or ears of grain is something
         | very small hands can do.
         | 
         | "We forget so easily that for the entire history of our species
         | - up until just recently - simply staying alive and somewhat
         | warm and minimally fed was a hundred-hour-a-week job for mom
         | and dad."
         | 
         | But no. You are talking about a primitive (poor) agrarian
         | society. That only started a couple of thousands years ago,
         | while our species used fire since over a million years in a
         | semi nomadic live style. And those tribes in good territory,
         | they did not had so much back braking work, as long as big land
         | animals were around. (Also, hearding cattle was for the most
         | part a very chilled job as well, but that also started rather
         | recent)
        
           | Aunche wrote:
           | > And those tribes in good territory, they did not had so
           | much back braking work, as long as big land animals were
           | around
           | 
           | The population of paleolithic humans never reached anywhere
           | close to that of agricultural humans, suggesting that many
           | died before reproductive age. Multiple nomadic cultures
           | independently decided to not only spend several hours a day
           | picking and grinding grass seeds to eat, but also to
           | cultivate them for thousands of years into grains that would
           | still be barely palatable by the standards of today. Nobody
           | would choose this life unless if they had to.
        
             | etothepii wrote:
             | Being stationary and cultivating grains allows a surplus
             | that is much harder to achieve with hunting.
             | 
             | This allows the formation of a priest class that can tell
             | you what the sky father wants you to do.
             | 
             | They may have had to but it need not be because it led to
             | more calories for them.
        
               | watwut wrote:
               | Hunters have priests and supersticions. A lot of them.
        
               | defrost wrote:
               | Some hunters have elders rather than dedicated full time
               | priests, and they can veer more rabbinical; they've got
               | the stories and pass down the classics as food for
               | thought and discussion.
               | 
               | On a superstition v superstition basis it's hard to get a
               | photo finish between them and a Bishop.
               | 
               | https://www.magabala.com/products/yorro-yorro
        
               | Ar-Curunir wrote:
               | Religion is not exclusive to agrarian societies. Indeed,
               | much of proto-indo-European religion (ie the OG "sky
               | father" [1]) was developed on the steppes in a pastoral
               | lifestyle.
               | 
               | [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/*Dy%C4%93us
        
             | lukan wrote:
             | "Nobody would choose this life unless if they had to."
             | 
             | You mean nobody would choose the half nomadic hunters life?
             | 
             | Hm, some indigenous cultures I spoke to disagree, but the
             | choice is not there anymore, as the bison herds they
             | sustained on got slaughtered. The conflict of the nomads vs
             | sedentary is an old one and the establishment of the
             | latter, made the old ways of life simply impossible.
        
               | Aunche wrote:
               | You're completely missing my point. Without any external
               | pressure, multiple peoples concluded that settling and
               | eating grass was preferable to being nomads. Yes, this
               | includes the ancestors of the bison hunting plains
               | tribes. It was only with the population collapse due to
               | smallpox and introduction of horses where the nomadic way
               | of life became dominant again.
               | 
               | Until the invention of firearms, nomads had equal footing
               | with settled people, if not an advantage (e.g. Attila the
               | Hun, Genghis Khan). The main advantage that agricultural
               | civilizations had was population size.
        
               | lukan wrote:
               | "The main advantage that agricultural civilizations had
               | was population size."
               | 
               | Metallurgy?
               | 
               | Not just firearms.
               | 
               | Stone axe vs bronze sword?
               | 
               | Bronze sword vs iron sword?
               | 
               | Iron sword vs steel?
               | 
               | Nomadic people got their advanced weapons usually through
               | trade from settled ones. The nomadic horse archers
               | dominance was rather an exception, also their kingdom
               | included cities where the weapons they used were made.
               | 
               | "Without any external pressure, multiple peoples
               | concluded that settling and eating grass was preferable
               | to being nomads"
               | 
               | And there always was external pressure. Also .. our
               | knowledge of that time is just fragmentary. We don't even
               | know the real names of those cultures.
               | 
               | So yes, clearly there were benefits to settling and
               | planting corn, otherwise humans would not have done it.
               | But to my knowledge, it is not correct to call it a
               | voluntarily process in general. Once there are fences,
               | the nomadic lifestyle does not work anymore. Adopt or die
               | out was (and is) the choice.
        
               | estearum wrote:
               | All technological advancement is downstream of population
               | size and in particular _density_.
               | 
               | You can't divide work if you aren't near enough other
               | people.
        
               | whymememe wrote:
               | "Without any external pressure, multiple peoples
               | concluded that settling and eating grass was preferable
               | to being nomads."
               | 
               | Portraying it as an individual choice is inaccurate. The
               | process of populations becoming sedentary(and agrarian)
               | spans over multiple generations and wasn't really
               | reversible. The early settlements likely only worked
               | because they had some method to force people from leaving
               | and the later settlements had to be sedentary because
               | their neighbours were sedentary, it had a cascade effect.
               | Oversimplified but that's the gist.
        
               | lukan wrote:
               | "The early settlements likely only worked because they
               | had some method to force people from leaving"
               | 
               | That mechanism might have simply been, offering a warm
               | and dry place and stored food, while it was freezing
               | outside.
               | 
               | As of my knowledge, the transition process in general is
               | pretty much a open research question.
        
             | taneq wrote:
             | Exactly. It reminds me of all of the maundering about being
             | "forced to work" (ie. having to earn some income in order
             | to purchase some of the bounty with which we're surrounded)
             | which usually comes along with the "hunter-gathering was a
             | life of luxury" mindset. Literally nothing is stopping
             | anyone from walking off into the forest and living off
             | berries and grubs, except that (a) they don't have the
             | required knowledge to live off the land, and (b) they're
             | not willing to do so, because (c) it's a miserable
             | existence compared with living in a house with hot and cold
             | running potable water, strong walls and a lockable door,
             | electric amenities, and a comfy bed and sofas. Nobody's
             | forced to work, we choose to because all of the above are
             | nice things that are worth some effort to maintain.
        
               | eudamoniac wrote:
               | Living in the forest is illegal.
        
               | derektank wrote:
               | You can camp indefinitely on BLM forest land as long as
               | you're willing to move your camp site every two weeks
        
               | pclmulqdq wrote:
               | Most nomadic cultures did not move this fast. You have to
               | be spending a lot of time moving if you do this.
        
               | marssaxman wrote:
               | You're not going to grow any food or hunt anything that
               | way, though. It's not the same.
        
               | derektank wrote:
               | A state small game hunting license is very cheap
        
               | marssaxman wrote:
               | And very limited.
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | TV tells me that hunting wabbits is not very productive.
        
               | jandrewrogers wrote:
               | Not in the US. There is a lot of BLM land if you want to
               | live a nomadic lifestyle in the middle of nowhere.
        
               | lukan wrote:
               | For hunting in a way you want? Not having to pay taxes?
               | Raise your children in the nomadic hunter livestyle? I
               | think schooling (and lots of other things) is mandatory
               | in the US as well. And child protection service etc.
               | exist. So it might be easier in the US to cosplay as a
               | forest nomad for some time (and I know some people did it
               | as eremits for a bit longer) but a real nomadic livestyle
               | means living with other people together in a tribe. That
               | does not work (just the rule to move camp after 2 weeks
               | prevents that).
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | Read into it; it happens, and CPS isn't usually involved
               | until it's well into horror-show territory.
               | 
               | It's usually around a cult or similar; we don't have much
               | in the way of hereditary nomadic but even those do exist.
        
               | lukan wrote:
               | I think I did read about it and met folks who are into
               | that. I have never been in the US, though, but the main
               | complaint I got is pretty much, state laws make it
               | impossible. But I am open for reading suggestions.
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | There's what is explicitly legal, there is what you can
               | get away with, and there is moving between jurisdictions
               | before they even know you're there.
               | 
               | The US is large and if you keep your head down and
               | homeschool to some level of competence I bet you could go
               | many generations- especially if you were willing to blend
               | in as necessary.
        
               | jandrewrogers wrote:
               | It isn't common but it definitely happens in some parts
               | of the US.
               | 
               | There are no taxes to pay if you aren't earning anything.
               | It is legal, if inadvisable, to raise children this way
               | in much of the US. There is a "live and let live" ethos
               | around it, especially in the western US. The true nomads
               | are probably most common in the mountain West of the US
               | in my experience. While the rule is two weeks in one
               | location, in many remote areas there is no enforcement
               | and no one really cares. They sometimes have mutually
               | beneficial arrangements with ranchers in the area. These
               | groups tend to be relatively small.
               | 
               | Alaska is famously popular for groups of families
               | disappearing into the remote wilderness to create
               | villages far from modern civilization. It is broadly
               | tolerated there. Often many years will pass between
               | sightings of people that disappeared into the wilderness.
               | 
               | I always wondered what a high-resolution satellite survey
               | of the Inside Passage of Alaska and the north coast of
               | British Columbia would find in that vast and impenetrable
               | wilderness. Anecdotally there should be dozens of
               | villages hidden in there that have been operating for
               | decades.
        
               | marssaxman wrote:
               | > Literally nothing is stopping anyone
               | 
               | Nothing but the power of the state, which has claimed
               | sovereignty over all the land, regulates what you can and
               | cannot do with it, and will use deadly force against you
               | if you fail to comply.
               | 
               | I once added up the total calorie content of all the
               | yearly hunting it is legal to do where I live, if a
               | hunter were maximally successful, and it would get one
               | person through May.
               | 
               | All the land one could reasonably sustain a living on has
               | long since been claimed, those claims being backed up by
               | (you guessed it) the power of the state. The only land
               | left that one can just walk off into is the land nobody
               | wanted during the settlement period, because they could
               | not find any way to live on it.
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | The first labor-saving invention was theft.
        
             | badpun wrote:
             | The agricultural people were able to produce, collect and
             | store a surplus, which allowed them to raise armies. After
             | that, it was all downhill for the hunter gatherers. They no
             | so much chose the settled life, but were co-opted to it.
        
             | somenameforme wrote:
             | The big difference between agrarian and nomadic populations
             | is that the latter is decentralized. The hunter-gatherer
             | lifestyle is generally very leisurely, but it's strictly
             | limited in population viability. A tribe of some tens of
             | people? Sure, no problem. A city of 5,000 people? It just
             | doesn't work, because you'd end up wiping out the resources
             | in your region faster than nature could replenish them.
             | 
             | So you're never going to see a massive hunter-gatherer
             | population, essentially by definition. It doesn't say
             | anything at all about their standards of life, which by
             | most accounts were (and are) exceptionally high. [1]
             | 
             | [1] -
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Original_affluent_society
        
               | kspacewalk2 wrote:
               | I mean, what exactly are phrases like "strictly limited
               | in population viability" and "never going to see a
               | massive population" euphemisms for, exactly? High
               | mortality, intense resource competition and survival of
               | the fittest. Not what we normally associate with
               | "exceptionally high standards of life". The higher the
               | standard of life, the more procreation happens, the more
               | demand there is for a constant supply of resources, and
               | then starvation and warfare turns that supposedly noble
               | savage into quite a vicious competitor.
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | Studies show a chaotic predator/prey relationship over
               | time. When the ratio is small, it's fat times for the
               | predators, and the predator population soars. Then they
               | overhunt, and the prey diminishes, and the predator
               | population crashes.
               | 
               | It's not stable.
        
           | taneq wrote:
           | We hear this refrain, that hunter-gatherers lived lives of
           | relative ease while early agrarians lived lives of
           | backbreaking labour, but honestly it's never made any sense
           | to me. Outside of a few garden-of-Eden scenarios, life as a
           | nomad seems far more precarious than life in an established
           | village. Maybe the good days were better but the bad days
           | were inevitable, and far more terrifying.
        
             | WalterBright wrote:
             | I'd sure hate to be a nomad in winter.
        
               | lukan wrote:
               | Well, that is why most modern nomads I know go to the
               | south in winter.
               | 
               | (but sure, native tribes also did this a bit, but were
               | much more limited in range. So winter time in general did
               | meant being cold and hungry often and the weak ones died.
               | Might be the reason, why humanity started in africa and
               | not scandinavia)
        
           | embedding-shape wrote:
           | > Also, hearding cattle was for the most part a very chilled
           | job as well
           | 
           | I'm sorry but this strikes me as incredibly wrong and
           | misleading. Herding cattle is anything but "a very chilled
           | job" unless your frame of reference is "hunting Mammoths" and
           | "facing Sable-tooth tigers". Sure, at moments it can be
           | pretty straightforward, but as most jobs, the hassle comes
           | from the situations that aren't straightforward, and they can
           | get back-braking, hairy, dirty and outright taxing on you.
        
             | lukan wrote:
             | Yes, frame of reference. But I actually meant dangerous at
             | times, yes, but also chilled in comparison to the modern
             | stressful average job, where you constantly have to do
             | things. So when herding there were times of danger and
             | stress (young bulls, wolves, other tribes coming to steal
             | the animals), but most of the time it was sitting and
             | watching.
        
               | embedding-shape wrote:
               | > but also chilled in comparison to the modern stressful
               | average job, where you constantly have to do things
               | 
               | I don't know if you mean "office work" as "modern
               | stressful average job" or "food delivery as a freelancer
               | and barely getting paid", but almost any physical job
               | would be more taxing both mentally and physically than
               | sitting in an office all day. Maybe my experience of only
               | becoming a office worker after ~50% of my working life
               | and before that doing other things, but I think most
               | people (especially here on HN) don't realize how taxing
               | physical labor is, even for the brain and the head.
        
               | lukan wrote:
               | Well, I worked all kinds of things, but office jobs I
               | actually found more stressful than physical labour to be
               | honest. What I meant is the expectation, that in modern
               | jobs you have to be activly doing things all the time.
               | (Or pretending to). While hearding your main activity was
               | watching (and be ready for the need of action).
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | As a teen, I had a physical job. It was very motivating
               | for me to get an education so I could do a desk job.
        
             | lenkite wrote:
             | I have herded cattle - cows and goats when I was a child on
             | my grandfather's farm. It was indeed a "chill job". But I
             | had my grandfather's dog to accompany me and he did most of
             | the work. I just lazed around.
        
           | hermitcrab wrote:
           | I would have thought herding or keeping large animals was
           | quite dangerous, especially without modern technology. One of
           | my wife's not-so-distant relatives was killed by a domestic
           | pig.
        
             | lukan wrote:
             | Dangerous at times yes(like most of premodern life was) And
             | cows, or rather bulls are for sure more dangerous than
             | herding sheep. But most of the times it just meant sitting
             | and watching.
        
             | literalAardvark wrote:
             | Pigs are extremely dangerous for kids, but herding cows and
             | goats is 100% something kids did. Source: I did it.
             | 
             | The village kids would get up, take the cows out to the
             | road where the other cows also came, then together, a big
             | group of kids and cows would head to a pasture and spend
             | most of their day watching cows, playing games and messing
             | about.
             | 
             | It was great.
             | 
             | Realistically the cows and goats took more care of the kids
             | than the other way around.
        
               | hermitcrab wrote:
               | A quick Google shows that ~20 people per year are killed
               | by cows per year in the US. So not very dangerous, but
               | not super safe either (cows kill more people than sharks
               | - although that mostly shows how few people sharks kill).
        
           | dweez wrote:
           | The Agricultural Revolution and its consequences have been a
           | disaster for the human race.
        
         | nshm wrote:
         | > Running a family was a brutal two-person job -- and the kids
         | had to dive in to help out the second they could lift something
         | heavier than a couple pounds.
         | 
         | Orphanes did struggle but most families were not just two
         | person, families were big and supported by community.
        
         | tim333 wrote:
         | From travelling to different places I'm not sure about the
         | women's work was brutal bit. The ones not in paid work tend to
         | spend their time looking after the kids and cooking and
         | cleaning and stuff regardless of the style of living. The main
         | thing that's hard seems to be the kids going "mum! I
         | want..."/"don't want to..." at all hours but that's human
         | nature which doesn't change much.
        
         | motoboi wrote:
         | Life in the field, from the land, in the past, meant death from
         | starvation.
         | 
         | Some unsung heroes: - the person that discovered how to fix
         | nitrogen in the soil saved more lives than every other people
         | in history, combined. - Norman Borlaug, father of the green
         | revolution, saved more than 1 billion people from starvation.
        
           | mythrwy wrote:
           | Borlaug was a very important figure in global food security
           | but he was a plant breeder, not the guy(s) who figured out
           | how to fix nitrogen from the air into fertilizer. Nitrogen
           | people were Haber and Bosch.
           | 
           | Millions of probably do owe their very existence to these men
           | though, agree with that.
           | 
           | However part of me (maybe a slightly misanthropic part?)
           | wonders if it might be a bit like feeding stray cats, and now
           | we have a huge herd of cats that are rapidly outstripping the
           | ultimate carrying capacity of their environment and it
           | doesn't end well. But since I'm one of the cats, I say we
           | just go with it and see what happens.
        
             | motoboi wrote:
             | Im sorry. That was supposed to be a list but the formatter
             | ate the lines.
        
               | mythrwy wrote:
               | I see makes sense. Sorry for being "the well actually"
               | guy.
        
         | JohnCClarke wrote:
         | Not 100 hours a week. More like 50. Taxes to the local baron,
         | lord, monastery, or whoever took the other 50.
        
         | marzell wrote:
         | There's good arguments for the case that gatherer communities
         | actually had generally better health and far more free time
         | than farmers and agrarian society.
         | 
         | Farming provided the calories necessary for a population that
         | hunting and gathering could not support (so no going back) but
         | required basically working all day to make it work and survive
         | less than ideal conditions. But prior to farming people often
         | had significant more free time.
        
         | hermitcrab wrote:
         | I have read that hunter-gatherers generally had an easier life
         | than peasants in agricultural societies. But the hunter
         | gatherer lifestyle can only support small groups with a low
         | overall population density. So the hunter-gatherers always lost
         | out to agricultural societies, when they came into
         | contact/conflict. Not sure how prevalent this view is amongst
         | professional anthropologists.
        
           | al_borland wrote:
           | I wonder if the hunter gather societies could have grown
           | larger if they put in the same level of work as the
           | agricultural societies?
           | 
           | One could debate what leads to a better quality of life. Is
           | it more downtime and community, like we see with hunter
           | gatherers. Is it the modern conveniences we end up with
           | through larger societies and more work effort?
           | 
           | I watched a video of a polyglot who learned the language of a
           | hunter gatherer tribe to spend some time with them. It was
           | amazing to see how well adapted they were to the environment,
           | both in terms of their bodies and skills. The outsider was
           | getting eaten up by bugs and cut by every little branch or
           | thorn, while the locals had thicker skin and seemed
           | completely unaffected by all of this. They were running
           | through the forest at night and it seemed effortless. While
           | hunting they needed a bag at one point, so someone grabbed
           | some stuff off a tree and quickly wove one together like it
           | was nothing. What ends up being a survival realty show for us
           | ends up looking quite convenient for them. If I need a bag I
           | need to work to earn money, then depend on a whole supply
           | chain to grow/manufacture the raw materials, weave the
           | fabric, cut and assemble the fabric into a bag, and a
           | retailer to sell it to me, as well as all of the shipping on
           | trucks, boats, and planes along the way. It's actually pretty
           | crazy how much work goes into everything we buy.
        
             | hermitcrab wrote:
             | >I wonder if the hunter gather societies could have grown
             | larger if they put in the same level of work as the
             | agricultural societies?
             | 
             | I think it is about organization and population density. A
             | hunter gatherer society is not going to be able to field an
             | army of tens of thousands of people, as an agricultural
             | society can. Hunter gatherers are also limited in their
             | technology by their continual movement.
             | 
             | The Mongols were a nomadic society and very successful
             | militarily (for a while). But they kept large numbers of
             | animals and weren't hunter gatherers.
        
           | AndrewKemendo wrote:
           | This is a concise description of the current understanding
           | 
           | Marshall Salhins Stone Age Economics is the most popular work
           | that is academically serious on this topic
        
           | codq wrote:
           | This is actually one of the key points Yuval Noah Harari made
           | in his landmark book 'Sapiens' (a must-read, probably the
           | book I've recommended more than any other)
        
             | eutropia wrote:
             | A book for which literally zero professional archaeologists
             | or anthropologists were consulted and which promulgated
             | more noble savage bullshit as a result. That "life of
             | leisure" picture was based off of the work of one guy who
             | wrote the hours literally spent hunting and gathering and
             | none of the time spent processing food or maintaining tools
             | and clothes, nor the hours per day spent collecting fresh
             | water.
             | 
             | If agricultural life and cities were such a raw deal: why
             | would people all over the world adopt it against their own
             | self interest when humans were basically as intelligent (if
             | not at all educated) as we are today?
        
               | hermitcrab wrote:
               | >why would people all over the world adopt it against
               | their own self interest
               | 
               | There was no easy going back. Once agricultural societies
               | had settled there would be little if any free land to
               | hunt/gather on. Also, much of the traditional knowledge
               | would be lost in a few generations. Plus, peasants were
               | often kept on their land by force.
        
               | dasil003 wrote:
               | Everything has tradeoffs and unforeseen effects and
               | social structure is a slow moving ship. Food security is
               | pretty obviously compelling, and creates a stability that
               | allows a society to scale and grow more wealthy and
               | powerful. The loss in autonomy and flexibility is part of
               | the cost. Individuals see things different ways, but the
               | only vote they get is within a social context that has
               | its own momentum. What wins is not necessarily the
               | society that the individual feels happiest in, but the
               | one that is most evolutionarily fit over many generations
               | and conflicts.
        
             | hermitcrab wrote:
             | I've read it. There is some pretty dubious stuff in it. I
             | think he is more interested in telling a good sounding
             | story than looking at the research.
             | 
             | See also the 'If books could kill' podcast's take:
             | 
             | https://open.spotify.com/episode/1IeSWFtBEaYEIblkXTcuu2
        
           | cardamomo wrote:
           | I suggest reading The Dawn of Everything, by David Graeber
           | and David Wengrow. They argue that there's not a true
           | dichotomy between agricultural and hunter-gatherer societies.
           | In fact, many societies practice(d) both.
        
         | wahnfrieden wrote:
         | This repeats several myths that Graeber and Wengrow have made
         | compelling arguments against
        
         | KineticLensman wrote:
         | > Running a family was a brutal two-person job -- and the kids
         | had to dive in to help
         | 
         | In many societies before (say) the 18th/19th Century, extended
         | families would have been the norm, e.g. with elderly relatives
         | living in the same household, helping with food preparation and
         | clothes making. Harvests may have been community-wide affairs.
         | Children would have had to dive in, as you say, but they
         | wouldn't have had school to go to, and there would have been a
         | wide age spread. Maternal mortality (death due to childbirth)
         | was high, and many widowed fathers would have remarried,
         | extending the family further (incidentally this is partly why
         | there are so many step-sisters and step-mothers in folk
         | stories).
        
           | mbajkowski wrote:
           | Agreed, but I don't think you need to go as far back as the
           | 19th century, even early 20th century it was the same in some
           | places in eastern Europe. Out of 7 siblings in my Dad's
           | family only one went to college. The spread between oldest
           | and youngest was about 12 years. All went to school which was
           | dismissed much earlier, after which children were expected to
           | help in the fields with animals, house work, etc. before
           | doing homework. The one pause, and really only time they wore
           | nicer clothes, was on Sundays for church. The person who went
           | to college would be back each summer to help with the grain
           | and potato harvests. My life by comparison is a life of
           | luxury.
        
           | gessha wrote:
           | I recognize a Hegel vs. Schopenhauer comment chain.
        
           | rwyinuse wrote:
           | Yep, for most of human history taking care of children has
           | been way more communal than in modern era.
        
             | 9rx wrote:
             | It used to be way more informal and less institutional, but
             | I'm skeptical that it was more communal. We're still
             | heavily dependent on community to raise our children (e.g.
             | school, spots, etc). Sometimes to the point of absurdity.
        
           | WalterBright wrote:
           | The kids went to school in the winter, where there wasn't so
           | much to do on the farm. That's why we still have summer
           | "vacation", a holdover from needing the kids to work on the
           | farm in the summer.
        
             | MichaelRo wrote:
             | As kids in a rural area in Eastern Europe, summer
             | "vacation" was sure to be filled with "fun" farm work. I
             | recall being amused at hearing one of my friends towards
             | the end of the summer say: "man, I can't wait for school to
             | begin, so I can get some rest".
        
         | lotsofpulp wrote:
         | > In our agrarian past, the cultural division of labor at the
         | time said that men worked the field, women ran the home. And
         | that later job was brutal, never-ending, and consumed all
         | waking hours until the day she died.
         | 
         | This was not true in the society my grandparents grew up in
         | between 1900 and 1970. Both of my grandmothers and great
         | grandmothers helped out tremendously on the farms, and my
         | grandmother and mother were part of the new businesses when
         | they immigrated to the US.
         | 
         | Based on all the women I have personally seen working in farms,
         | and in videos, and in written accounts, I suspect your quote is
         | only true for a very small slice of the world in a very small
         | slice of time that was developed enough to have large farms
         | with large machinery and scale such that the farm was earning
         | enough profit to use automation to not need the women and allow
         | them to only focus on the home, or hire poorer women so the
         | farm owner could solely focus on the home.
         | 
         | Hell, I bet even today, even in the US, a good portion of farms
         | need the labor of both spouses.
        
         | xkcd-sucks wrote:
         | Theres a nice and comprehnsive treatment of this topic in
         | https://acoup.blog/2025/10/17/collections-life-work-death-an...
         | 
         | > [A] series ... looking at the structures of life for pre-
         | modern peasant farmers and showing how historical modeling can
         | help us explore the experiences of people who rarely leave much
         | evidence of their day-to-day personal lives.
        
         | nikanj wrote:
         | But by feodal times, you also had to also work a number of
         | hours for your liege. Which modern idiots have perverted with
         | the whole "a peasant had more free time than you"-meme, where
         | they only count the hours of mandatory service and ignore the
         | hundred-hours-a-week part of keeping your own home running
        
         | coldtea wrote:
         | > _In our agrarian past, the cultural division of labor at the
         | time said that men worked the field, women ran the home. And
         | that later job was brutal, never-ending, and consumed all
         | waking hours until the day she died._
         | 
         | On the plus side, they also didn't have to do the hard
         | dangerous jobs like mining coal, building houses, and the like,
         | nor did they have to go to the army, fight to defend their
         | country (at least not as soldiers), and many other things.
         | 
         | Running the house was hardly "brutal", neither did it consume
         | "all waking hours until the day she died".
        
           | catlover76 wrote:
           | The fuck? Who do you think built the houses?
           | 
           | > army, fight to defend their country (at least not as
           | soldiers), and many other things.
           | 
           | In most places and times, didn't all men just get conscripted
           | into war frequently?
           | 
           | > Running the house was hardly "brutal", neither did it
           | consume "all waking hours until the day she died".
           | 
           | Why do you think it didn't consume all waking hours?
        
             | coldtea wrote:
             | > _Who do you think built the houses?_
             | 
             | The men. Again, I'm writing there about what women didn't
             | have to do.
             | 
             | > _In most places and times, didn 't all men just get
             | conscripted into war frequently?_
             | 
             | Yes, and thus what I wrote is that women didn't have to do
             | it.
             | 
             | (My point was: "yes, women did the house tasks, but on the
             | plus side, they didn't have to do those other far more
             | dangerous and hard things").
             | 
             | > _Why do you think it didn 't consume all waking hours?_
             | 
             | I don't think it didn't, I know it didn't. For starters it
             | was shared among larger family units (including several
             | kids). And even when it wasn't, like some people living on
             | their own, it hardly took a few hours each day, and that's
             | including maintaining a fire, cooking, some cleaning,
             | feeding some nearby hens, bringing water, and things like
             | that. Modern people over-dependent on modern conveniences
             | overestimate how hard all those things were, as if it was
             | some horror survival movie.
             | 
             | In these here parts, people in the country did all the same
             | things people did in the 19th century or the 15th century
             | well into the 20th century (with cars and electricity not
             | reaching many places until the late 1950s), all with plenty
             | of time to spare and socialize.
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | I'd sure hate to build a house without power tools. Just
               | doing the sawing would break me.
        
           | politelemon wrote:
           | This is a fairly common misconception, based on the incorrect
           | notion that housework back then looks like it does today.
        
             | coldtea wrote:
             | Yeah, that it was "brutal" is a common misconception.
             | 
             | Beside the fact that duties were shared among extended
             | family members, it was really not that brutal, and that's
             | including "heavier" chores like bringing water from the
             | well and firewood.
             | 
             | Another common misconception is that what they did "back
             | then" is something ancient or medieval. People in the
             | country did pretty much all the same chores with the same
             | tools well into the 20th century. x
        
         | timeon wrote:
         | > There are important downsides, but the Green Revolution - and
         | dare I say it, the industrial revolution - was truly
         | transformative for our species.
         | 
         | And left-wing movements that followed industrial revolution.
        
       | barfoure wrote:
       | Who is this author and what is effective altruism and why do I
       | feel like I'm being given a backhanded lesson in morality by
       | someone who is insufferable? I hope I'm wrong.
        
       | zzo38computer wrote:
       | The past is not perfect and there are some things that are
       | improved in some ways these days (and in future), but other
       | things are being worse these days (and in future) than they were.
       | It is not so simple.
       | 
       | I also think that you should not rely on (or overuse) modern
       | technology too much, even though it can sometimes be beneficial
       | (so it is not the reason to avoid it unconditionally, nor
       | necessarily to avoid it generally).
       | 
       | Many things now are excessively artificially, including (but not
       | limited to): light, music, communication, food, transportation,
       | and now even also creativity. (Some of these (such as food and
       | music) are mentioned in that article but some are they do not
       | seem to mention it) This is not the only problem (there are many
       | other problems too), but it is one aspect of it.
        
       | tacitusarc wrote:
       | This hits on a pet peeve of mine: representing the past as dull
       | and colorless, because we mostly have access to b&w or sepia
       | photos from the time.
       | 
       | I'm not saying that the overall point isn't true, just that
       | juxtaposing photos propagates an already deeply-embedded and
       | mistaken intuition that the past was somehow less colorful, less
       | vibrant than the present.
       | 
       | To try to combat this, I had ChatGPT colorize the "actual farmer"
       | photo: https://ibb.co/1tkcLKmY
        
         | pezezin wrote:
         | This is something that I have been noticing for years. Whenever
         | I try to imagine "the past" (any time period before I was
         | born), I tend to imagine it with fuzzy colors and film grain,
         | like and old movie. It takes me some conscious effort to
         | remember that the past looked the same as the present!
        
         | techblueberry wrote:
         | Yeah, I actually love the "cottagecore" photos I think she's
         | trying to use as evidence that the past wasn't cute? But the
         | stone farmhouse with straw roof is exactly the image I have in
         | mind when I romanticize "cottagecore of the past. (While
         | understanding it was a bit drafty, but "cute" is about
         | aesthetic and I totally dig the aesthetic)
         | 
         | But actually I do admit this is the best part of living today,
         | if you want it, you can have some level of that aesthetic and
         | lifestyle with some of the efficiencies of modern technology
         | (not having to worry about dying of starvation if a harvest
         | doesn't work out)
        
       | sssilver wrote:
       | I do wish I were born early enough to have been a software
       | engineer in eighties and early nineties.
        
         | pezezin wrote:
         | I was born in 1985 and sometimes I wish I was born 10 years
         | earlier to get to experience the heydays of the 8 and 16-bit
         | home computers.
        
       | Waterluvian wrote:
       | I'm convinced that the fatal flaw of humanity: forgetting the
       | lessons of the past, is a function of our lifespan. You don't
       | have to be empathic or educated or wise if you still have a
       | grandparent at the dinner table who will straighten you out on
       | how bad Polio or the Great Depression or Nazis, etc. really were.
       | 
       | Our social herd immunity weakens as we lose a critical mass of
       | people who were there and experienced the horror.
        
         | integralid wrote:
         | >I'm convinced that the fatal flaw of humanity: forgetting the
         | lessons of the past, is a function of our lifespan
         | 
         | Counterpoint: some lessons deserve to be forgotten. Like there
         | are many old people in my country that hate Germany and Germans
         | for the things that happened in 2nd world war. Yes, nazis were
         | bad and Holocaust was a nightmare. But modern day Germany moved
         | past it. In fact, in Europe almost every country both did and
         | was a victim on many atrocities. Dwelling on that forever would
         | make peace or things like EU impossible. We would still be
         | angry at things that happened 500 years ago.
         | 
         | Unfortunately we forget more than we should, but maybe it's the
         | price we have to pay to evolve as a society.
        
       | gostsamo wrote:
       | I'm blind and even 50 years ago my life would be 10x more limited
       | than now. 100 - years, outright miserable. 1000 years - beggar or
       | a fake oracle. There is a marked difference between living with
       | someone's help and on their mercy. Living with no modern
       | facilities and technologies is pretty easy only when you don't
       | encounter the reasons they are created for.
        
       | dogemaster2028 wrote:
       | Something I haven't seen discussed here is the role of capitalism
       | as the biggest lift to the quality of humans lives (in addition
       | to things like vaccines and health departments or generally
       | science).
       | 
       | The notion of Incentives in human nature to drive innovation,
       | with efficient allocation via prices and value, plus competition,
       | all leading to capital accumulation that just then be efficiently
       | allocated to generate further value was amazing.
       | 
       | If you think about the current situation in Venezuela, China or
       | Russia on useless missions that led to famine or to killing of
       | millions of people, we cannot argue that capitalism wasn't a huge
       | influence in the impact in humans lives
       | 
       | I was looking at AOC's comments about capitalism somewhere and
       | could not believe my ears. Then Thomas Sowell gave a masterclass
       | rebuttal to each of AOC's ignorant points.
       | 
       | Everyone should listen to it:
       | https://x.com/cubaortografia/status/1997272611269525985
        
       | Aloha wrote:
       | This is a bit meta, but looking at the comments on this thread -
       | Nostalgia is a hell of a powerful drug, probably the most
       | powerful one our brains can self generate (because of the
       | complexity of feelings generated).
       | 
       | While I like some bits, some tech, some ascetics from yesteryear
       | - I know one thing for certain - the world today is better for
       | basically everyone than it has every been, by virtually every
       | measurable standard, even the poorest of the poor are better off
       | in 2025 than they ever have been at any point in history.
       | 
       | So while I might want to go visit the past if I had a time
       | machine, I know I would never want to live there.
        
       | zkmon wrote:
       | >> I want you to have a life I didn't have.
       | 
       | But they said it imagining some contemporary lifestyle that was
       | not "servitude". That's not what your current life is. If they
       | had a chance to look at your life now and compare it with their
       | servitude life, they would probably not say that.
       | 
       | The reason is, modern life has lost core abilities of innate
       | resilience and community. The comforts such as the oven-baking
       | came at the cost of losing some other things, which you ignore.
       | So it all depends on what you value.
        
       | vintermann wrote:
       | "We can buy a cottage in the Isle of Wight, if it's not too
       | dear", sang the Beatles, and that was a thing retirees did when
       | they sang it. Those retirees would have been born in 1890-1910,
       | and be perfectly aware of what life was like without running
       | water and electricity (or the old age pension which made buying a
       | cottage in the Isle of Wight an option!), yet they still
       | obviously saw something in the "cottagecore" life.
       | 
       | I'm thinking also of one set of great-great grandparents. He was
       | from a very poor farming family, who had decided to look for work
       | in the city instead of emigrating to the US. She was from a
       | considerably wealthier farming family (which owned their own
       | farm, his didn't), and also had decided to move to the city,
       | probably more out of a desire to see the world (and the wonders
       | of fin de siecle city life) than necessity. They did well for
       | themselves in the city, but in their old age they moved to a
       | rural cottage near the farm she grew up on. (I think actually she
       | inherited the land, and considerably more, but that they sold off
       | the rest).
       | 
       | I think that _with money_ , cottage core can be a desirable life.
       | A big part of the reason life was hard for life-on-the-prairie
       | people was that they had debts, and need for a good deal of
       | things they couldn't grow themselves. With a little money, like
       | both my great-great grandparents and the stereotypical Beatles
       | retirees had, cottage life can be fine.
        
         | ascorbic wrote:
         | Well, yes if you're a retiree then thing are always a bit
         | different, but the cottagecore lifestyle is about raising a
         | family, not retiring. Ironically, the Isle of Wight is still a
         | great example. It's a lovely place for a holiday, and a great
         | place to retire. I spent a weekend there a few weeks ago and
         | had a great time. Lovely landscape, beaches with dinosaur
         | footprints and loads of fossils, great pubs. I recommend it!
         | But it's really not a good place for a working age family. I'd
         | never choose to live there.
         | 
         | There's a reason it's among the most deprived areas in England.
         | It's badly isolated, with a crazily-expensive ferry the only
         | connection to the mainland. The jobs are working in tourism,
         | agriculture, or at the prison. Housing is totally unaffordable,
         | because of all the second-homeowners, holiday cottages and -
         | yes - retirees. The story is the same in many tourism areas.
        
         | brabel wrote:
         | Don't they buy cottages anymore? In Sweden that is still
         | extremely popular. Almost everyone who can afford one owns one,
         | to my foreign eyes amusement as to me that's just finding
         | something to work on every summer. There's a satirical
         | reference to this in the series "Welcome to Sweden", which
         | makes fun of lots of stereotypical Swedish behavior.
        
           | hiAndrewQuinn wrote:
           | Same here in Finland, and it just makes no sense to me at
           | all. So often I will talk with someone who lives in a city
           | here, and hear them complain about how brutally expensive it
           | is, how nobody makes enough money to save anything, and a few
           | sentences later they're telling me about how annoyed they are
           | that they have to drive 6 hours every weekend to their
           | $30,000 hut in the middle of nowhere to patch up the leaking
           | roof or stuff more dried moss between the logs, and that they
           | should have sprung for the $50,000 one that's only 90 minutes
           | away. By car. In a country where gas is regularly over $10 a
           | gallon. When they could get to work just fine on the bus.
           | 
           | We'll stick with our quiet little apartment and our free time
           | and our growing savings accounts, thank you very much.
        
           | vintermann wrote:
           | Same in Norway. These days it's often second homes in the
           | mountain, better equipped than many poor people's homes, and
           | in a "cottage suburb" where you can even pay people to do the
           | maintenance - but that does get some derision from the old-
           | style cottage fans. Old-style cottages with limited amenities
           | are still popular, though in these days of solar panels even
           | mountain cottages typically have at least electricity, and a
           | vacuum toilet rather than an outhouse.
        
           | throw-the-towel wrote:
           | I'm 30 and I remember when this was still a thing in Russia.
           | As soon as Communism crumbled and the new economy could
           | provide enough food, literally everyone abandoned the dacha
           | and the potatoes.
        
         | tor825gl wrote:
         | I don't think the Beatles song really tells us much about
         | 'cottagecore' or rural life in the 1800s.
         | 
         | Retirees in the 1960s were not aspiring to a rural way of life,
         | or giving up plumbing or electricity. They were just buying a
         | small house suitable for two older people to live in together.
         | 
         | This was a middle class goal with very little overlap to
         | today's 'cottagecore' other than the word 'cottage'.
        
         | TheOtherHobbes wrote:
         | Cottage core is an aspirational Marie Antoinette-ism. Devotees
         | get to pretend they're living the authentic peasant life while
         | checking their stock portfolios.
        
       | Simplita wrote:
       | Funny how nostalgia smooths out the parts that were actually
       | painful. The post is a good reminder that every era only looks
       | simple in hindsight.
        
       | rhubarbtree wrote:
       | I think it's really revealing to see so many folks defending
       | views like "hunter gathering was better" and "the past wasn't
       | dickensian."
       | 
       | I remember the first time I encountered the former view from a
       | person, they were an artist living in London and a communist. I
       | nearly spat out my beer when he told me that hunter gathering was
       | a better life for humans.
       | 
       | It seems to be some kind of desire to rage against progress,
       | because industrialisation brings many downsides e.g, pollution
       | climate change etc. Maybe because they hate the rich and powerful
       | capitalists that rule the world.
       | 
       | But what they always miss from their arguments is a clear
       | conception of just how incredibly privileged and fortunate they
       | are to be born into an industrialised society. People are very
       | very bad at appreciating what they are given, it seems to be an
       | innate human trait to exhibit breathtaking ingratitude for what
       | already is. We're pretty good at anticipating and appreciating
       | the new, but if it's already there then, like a spoilt child
       | living in a luxury home, we take it for granted.
       | 
       | I think one solution to this problem is to remove as many
       | comforts from your life, temporarily. For example, for a week in
       | winter don't use your heating or hot water. For me, it was
       | travelling to poor countries and living without potable or warm
       | water, decent transport, good food, etc. that made me grateful
       | (at least for a while).
        
         | senfiaj wrote:
         | We are definitely better at survival and safety. In modern
         | societies we are less likely to starve, die in infancy /
         | childhood, have longer life expectancy, etc.
         | 
         | But when we compare by other metrics, such as mental and
         | physical health, it becomes more complicated. The problem is
         | that out brains and bodies aren't well adapted to the modern
         | world. In the past there were stresses (predators, hunger,
         | conflict), but they were more acute, big spike of stress, but
         | you usually had a lot of time to recover. For example, predator
         | appears, huge spike in stress, run/fight, either you die or
         | it's over. But afterwards (if you survived) you usually had a
         | lot of rest. Also you more or less directly saw the results of
         | your actions. For example, you hunt means you eat, you build
         | shelter means stay dry, etc.
         | 
         | Meanwhile, modern people tend to have chronic low-level stress
         | caused by the complicated and fast paced society: money
         | worries, grind, bureaucracy, deadlines, school / college /
         | university, burnout, job insecurity, notifications, news
         | doomscrolling. Our stress systems are constantly activated
         | which is devastating for long-term mental health. It's no
         | wonder that we have higher rates of depression, anxiety and
         | suicidality. Today's stress is more akin to death by thousands
         | of small cuts. The same is for our physical health.
         | 
         | I'm not claiming hunter gatherers' lives were not challenging.
         | There were a lot risks, physical hardship, famines, etc. But
         | evolutionary speaking, our bodies / minds were more equipped to
         | deal with those types stresses. Here is a good video that talks
         | about this: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mo1A45ShcMo
        
       | another_twist wrote:
       | > My mother pointed out that a lot of the songs along the lines
       | of "my own true love proved false to me" were about unplanned
       | pregnancies.
       | 
       | I was this years old when I realized it.
        
       | acessoproibido wrote:
       | It's ironic how HN spends a whole thread gushing about how easy
       | and nice the life of paleolithic hunter gatherers was as reaction
       | to a article that talks about how we romanticize the past...
        
       | systemtest wrote:
       | The Coca Cola poster on the impoverished wall is eerie. Reminds
       | me of developing countries where to this day I see the same, run
       | down shanty towns with Coca Cola signs all over.
        
       | bloomingeek wrote:
       | When I was a child, my Father's Father was considered a black
       | sheep of the family, thus most extended family held my Father at
       | arms length. The exception was his first cousin, Imogene and her
       | husband. They farmed land in northern Louisiana, and we visited
       | them at least once a year while I was growing up. I loved going
       | there and enjoyed their large family, which had two boys my age
       | who taught me how to hunt, fish and ride horses.
       | 
       | I remember the early years when they didn't have running water or
       | indoor plumbing, which my Mother hated, but I thought was fun. As
       | the years went by and the price of the main crops that were grown
       | increased, the "shack" was updated more to Mother's liking.
       | 
       | When I reached my tween years, I was asked if I wanted to earn a
       | little money by working in the fields, I was thrilled. My first
       | assignment was to work hoeing cotton, a semi-brutal job performed
       | on endless rows in scorching heat. I was working with a black
       | family who, I was told, worked on that particular piece of land
       | for generations. They took care of me and, after a few days, I
       | began to understand their accented speech. As a kid from a
       | middle-class white family who lived in a city hundreds of miles
       | away, it was my first time to experience a culture shock. It was
       | a lot to process being so young, but I do have fond memories,
       | especially of the Mother of the family. I didn't have any contact
       | with the family except in the fields, so I can't pretend to know
       | how they felt about their lives, I do know they worked very hard
       | in the summer and found whatever work they could in the winter.
       | This all took place in the seventies.
        
       | dash2 wrote:
       | This is true and fair, yet there is another mistake which I see a
       | lot of: thinking that because people didn't live lives as
       | comfortable as we do, their lot was unremitting misery. Kind of
       | the _Monty Python and the Holy Grail_ view of pre-industrial
       | life.
       | 
       | It's important to have some nuance. Different places had
       | different living standards. The French village life depicted in
       | Peasants into Frenchmen sounds grim; English village life around
       | 1900 was nice enough to generate nostalgic books like _Lark Rise
       | to Candleford_ after the rise of the motor car. The peasants in
       | Brueghel paintings are having a lot of rough, unsophisticated
       | fun.
       | 
       | That doesn't mean we should not be grateful for (say) modern
       | dentistry! Of course we should. But if you paint an entirely
       | black picture of premodern life, you may subtly dehumanize the
       | people who lived it.
        
       | ManlyBread wrote:
       | I think I don't understand the point of this site anymore when
       | this is what makes it to the front page.
        
         | anonyfox wrote:
         | guess people upvote what they're right now interested in. still
         | a lot better than the next AI slop trying to hype
        
       | class3shock wrote:
       | I think the interest in cottagecore and similar things is less
       | about people finding them cute and more about people looking for
       | meaning, something we've always struggled with as technology
       | advanced. Look at the Arts & Crafts movement in the US and Art
       | Nouveau in Europe in the early 1900s, both were a response to the
       | industrialization and dehumanization of work and art. Read Player
       | Piano by Kurt Vonnegut from the 1950s which imagined a future
       | where basically all work was automated and the terribleness of
       | that path. History might only rhyme but this is one that has
       | happened a number of times.
        
       | nntwozz wrote:
       | Look at this astonishing graph:
       | 
       | https://kottke.org/25/12/an-astonishing-graph
       | 
       | For most of human history, around 50% of children used to die
       | before they reached the end of puberty. In 2020, that number is
       | 4.3%. It's 0.3% in countries like Japan & Norway.
        
         | libraryofbabel wrote:
         | Yeah, I thought of this first as well. There is nothing that
         | hammers home the point that the past was a horrible place
         | better than childhood mortality statistics. I'm surprised the
         | author of the article didn't mention it, given all her focus on
         | families - I mean, good for her for realizing she didn't
         | understand what life in the past was really like, but she still
         | seems a little focused on "it wasn't _cute_ " rather than the
         | really big differences.
         | 
         | Related recent HN thread on the Bills of Mortality from early
         | modern London: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=46045061
         | 
         | The tldr of my post there is that life before the mass
         | availability of antibiotics after WWII was pretty terrifying.
        
           | dan-robertson wrote:
           | People sometimes say that people in the past would have been
           | familiar with the idea that mortality is high and therefore
           | fine when half their children died. While there would have
           | been cultural rituals in these cases, it seems like there is
           | reasonable evidence (epitaphs, cultural practices eaves-drip
           | burials or stillborn baptisms, etc) that the loss was still
           | very dearly felt and so people's lives were just much worse.
        
           | kakacik wrote:
           | If that would not be enough, any lack of medical care could
           | be another. 10% chance of dying for every birth for the
           | mother. Flu, any tooth ache, appendix inflammation or any
           | more severe cut would be easily deadly for young and old.
           | 
           | Everybody had tons of parasites and smelled horribly
           | including royalty, think working out hard daily and wearing
           | the same cloth, bathing once a year (maybe). Freedom we
           | consider a basic human right was basically unheard of,
           | everybody was a prisoner of some form of somebody else.
        
             | libraryofbabel wrote:
             | I agree on all counts except for irregular bathing among
             | elites, which was more varied with cultures in the past:
             | largely true in early modern Europe, but the upper classes
             | in Imperial Rome bathed pretty much daily and probably
             | didn't smell too bad.
             | 
             | To the list I would add: a group of horrible diseases
             | (smallpox above all, which killed about a billion people
             | throughout history) that vaccines largely pushed to the
             | margins, at least until recently.
        
       | dmix wrote:
       | I learned this recently. I got into waxed canvas/cotton jackets
       | for outdoors stuff, where people would oil it for waterproofing
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waxed_cotton
       | 
       | The jackets look nice but they are heavy, don't breath well, and
       | are usually expensive for quality, and they are more water
       | resistant than waterproof.
       | 
       | Compared to modern ultra-light synthetic jackets (down etc) that
       | are legitimately water/windpoof which feels much nicer and warmed
       | doing high activity stuff in poor weather. The only downside is
       | they aren't as rugged, like getting a scratch walking through a
       | bush or cuts from tools/dogs.
       | 
       | Old stuff always lasts longer but the IRL experience doesn't
       | always outweigh the cons.
        
       | MarkusWandel wrote:
       | The present isn't all that cute either. But if from the view of
       | 100 years in the future, all you saw was the idealized lives of
       | everyone as posted on social media, you'd think it was a lost,
       | happy time too. That's how nostalgia works. You preserve the good
       | stuff, you let the boring and crappy stuff be forgotten. At least
       | relatively.
        
         | woopwoop wrote:
         | If the Canterbury Tales had been actually representative of the
         | time in which they were written, it would not have been the
         | Knight's Tale, the Miller's Tale, the Reeve's Tale, etc. It
         | would have been the Subsistence Farmer's Tale, the Subsistence
         | Farmer's Tale, the Subsistence Farmer's Tale, etc.
        
       | throwawayffffas wrote:
       | The past was so cute, for certain people. A certain landowning
       | leisurely class. The whole point of cottage-core is to role-play
       | as an English aristocrat visiting their "humble" hunting lodge.
        
       | didibus wrote:
       | Also known as "The Golden Age Fallacy". It's a very common one
       | nowadays as we've all romanticized the past in media and our
       | subconscious.
        
       | pcrh wrote:
       | Cottagecore is almost entirely an aesthetic and nostalgic trend.
       | 
       | Such aesthetics have a long history, well illustrated by bucolic
       | visions of "simple" peasant life from the classical Greek and
       | Roman era , e.g. Theocritus in 300 BC [0], to the 19th century
       | paintings by John Constable.
       | 
       | It has little to do with the actual realities of living a rural
       | agrarian life. Let alone a pre-industrial one.
       | 
       | So the tone of much of the discussion in this thread (technology
       | vs simplicity) a little curious, to say the least.
       | 
       | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theocritus#Bucolics_and_mimes
        
       | potato3732842 wrote:
       | Many here have spent their lives developing skills that produce
       | nothing tangible or immediate so "well the past sucked anyway" is
       | a pretty attractive narrative if one has incurred that
       | opportunity cost. Yes, a world without antibiotics and modern
       | commerce sucked, there was hard labor everywhere but on the other
       | hand these people didn't need pills to get their asses out of bed
       | every morning.
        
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