[HN Gopher] Build a DIY magnetometer with a couple of seasoning ...
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       Build a DIY magnetometer with a couple of seasoning bottles
        
       Author : nullbyte808
       Score  : 50 points
       Date   : 2025-11-29 12:04 UTC (8 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (spectrum.ieee.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (spectrum.ieee.org)
        
       | mcculley wrote:
       | Could one use something like this from the surface to detect
       | steel submerged under 20-40 feet of water?
        
         | sllabres wrote:
         | I think, not from the surface, but have a look here [1], where
         | the author referenced from the IIEE article has build a
         | submergible sensor and detected (a know) boat.
         | 
         | [1] https://alexmumm.de/pgProtonMagMarine_en.htm
        
       | greggsy wrote:
       | How is this different from the magnetometer accessible in a phone
       | through and app like Phyphox?
        
         | fudgybiscuits wrote:
         | You learn a lot more making this.
        
         | sllabres wrote:
         | The sensitivity When I play with phypbox [1] there is a
         | sensitivity in the uT range. From the web page [2] the device
         | build has a 0.1 nT resolution and 50 ppm absolute accuracy.
         | 
         | [1] https://phyphox.org/download/
         | 
         | [2] https://alexmumm.de/pgProtonMagnetometer_en.htm
        
         | RossBencina wrote:
         | The magnetometer in your phone is a MEMS sensor which measures
         | mechanical deflection of a current-carrying element. The
         | deflection is caused by the Lorentz Force, i.e. force induced
         | by an electron current flow in a magnetic field (in this case,
         | the earth's magnetic field).[1] The magnetometer in the linked
         | article senses (EDIT: corrected, hopefully) oscillation in the
         | magnetic field of protons, a result of Larmor Precession[2].
         | Remarkably, the oscillation frequency is proportional to the
         | ambient magnetic field strength, and the frequency is in the
         | audible range. The circuit works by rotating protons in the
         | fluid so that their magnetic axis align, this results in a
         | synchronised bulk magnetic field oscillation that is large
         | enough to be sensed by a simple tuned amplifier circuit.[3]
         | 
         | Further, the magnetometer in your phone is a 3-axis device that
         | measures the orientation of the magnetic field, whereas the
         | magnetometer in the linked article detects only the strength of
         | the magnetic field (in fact, is tuned to detect only a single
         | strength/precession frequency).
         | 
         | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MEMS_magnetic_field_sensor
         | 
         | [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larmor_precession
         | 
         | [3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton_magnetometer
        
       | dvh wrote:
       | If I may recommend, replace output LM386 stage with any dual
       | opamp (e.g. another NE5532 or TL072, slightly different schematic
       | of course), they can drive 32 ohm headphone speakers without
       | issue and have significantly (~100x) lower white noise.
        
         | RossBencina wrote:
         | The schematic in the linked article shows an NE5532.
        
           | dvh wrote:
           | Only in the first two stages. Output stage is LM386 which
           | will be the source of the most of the noise. Replace the
           | LM386 with another NE5532 (but modify the schematic of
           | course, LM386 is single audio amp and has different pinout)
        
         | ErroneousBosh wrote:
         | You can drive even 8 ohm headphones to unpleasantly loud levels
         | with any opamp and a pair of transistors to beef up the output,
         | along with a resistor to sort out the biasing. I did something
         | like this as a headphone driver amp for "desktop mobile" radios
         | used as part of a communications centre for a large festival.
         | Motorola had a device that would do it, for about 500 quid
         | each. I built the thing in the PDF at the bottom (I must have
         | rerendered this at some point, it was definitely not done in
         | 2022, more like 2012).
         | 
         | Using cheap bag-of-1000-for-a-fiver Chinese transistors off
         | eBay I was able to get incredibly quiet output, to the point
         | that I needed to add a muting gate because the radio was
         | objectionably noisy. I notice that the exact transistors are
         | not mentioned but any small-signal NPN and PNP ones will do - I
         | used BC548 and BC558s, like I use in everything.
         | 
         | It will be way quieter and way more stable than an LM386.
         | 
         | Edit: I'm a lot better at drawing things in Kicad these days,
         | and would have left the capacitors at the input a lot tidier.
         | 
         | https://onlyfandans.com/headphone.pdf
        
       | jacquesm wrote:
       | Note the first comment.
        
       | metadat wrote:
       | I want to see pictures of the device and ideally a video of it in
       | action. It would be stimulating.
        
       | notaurus wrote:
       | Hmmm.
       | 
       | > the listening circuit must also be tuned to resonate at the
       | expected frequency of proton precession, which will depend on
       | Earth's magnetic field at your location
       | 
       | > the frequency of these tones matches the magnetic field at my
       | location to about 1 percent
       | 
       | I don't doubt the physics, but I'm not sure about the experiment
       | design. Being able to hear the correct frequency may just mean
       | you've built an oscillator and tuned it.
        
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