[HN Gopher] Kenyan court declares law banning seed sharing uncon...
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       Kenyan court declares law banning seed sharing unconstitutional
        
       Author : thunderbong
       Score  : 290 points
       Date   : 2025-12-05 09:09 UTC (13 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (apnews.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (apnews.com)
        
       | samdung wrote:
       | It is sad that the law was enacted in the first place (lobbying
       | by 'the usual suspects') and others had to fight to repeal what
       | is violating common law, common sense and natural justice.
        
         | nephihaha wrote:
         | Yes, the usual suspects, trying to undermine a practice going
         | back thousands of years. Those seeds will probably be well
         | adapted to the soils and climate of Kenya.
        
       | estsauver wrote:
       | For some context on why the original law was introduced:
       | 
       | When you're making a seed that you want to make the best crop
       | possible, the way to do that is to take two great lines of maize
       | that share relatively little genetics, cross them at the last
       | step, and enjoy the hybrid vigour that results. This is one of
       | the most important practical advancements we have for getting
       | good yields from crops: the yields are dramatically better for
       | this seed then if you plant the seed kernels that are made by the
       | hybrid. When you plant saved seed (which many poor people are
       | forced to do through not being able to afford hybrid seeds) you
       | get dramatically worse yields and often even doing things like
       | using fertilizer doesn't make economic sense
       | (https://www.hks.harvard.edu/publications/low-quality-low-ret...
       | is frequently cited.)
       | 
       | However, to the naked eye, there's basically no distinction
       | between a hybrid seed and stored seed. A lot of seed companies
       | sell seeds that are coated to help protect the seeds from
       | pests/blights, but seed counterfitters have learned how to copy
       | this. To distinguish them, you either need to run genetic testing
       | or plant them and wait a season. If you get scammed, the result
       | can be devestating for a smallholder farmer's family.
       | 
       | I don't necessarily think community seed banks should be banned,
       | but I think it's important context to know. There are people for
       | whom they really need _any_ seed, crops which are not served
       | commercially well, and a whole bunch of other use cases I
       | immediately understand for a community seed bank. But seed
       | counterfitting is a real problem that is hurting some of the
       | world 's poorest people. (I'll also just say I'm not up to date
       | on this law, the court case, or how it's been applied in the
       | country.)
       | 
       | Disclaimer: I'm one of the founders of Apollo Agriculture and
       | still serve on the board, which operates in Kenya and a few other
       | countries trying to help smallholders get access to better agtech
       | (which includes hybrid seeds and fertilizer and other high roi
       | agricultural tools.)
        
         | pessimizer wrote:
         | You failed to explain why seeds that might fail to make the
         | "best crop possible" would be banned, while leading with a
         | promise to do so. Instead, you explained the concept of "hybrid
         | vigor."
         | 
         | Then you talked about the counterfeiting of seeds by imitating
         | a coating, a concept completely unrelated to a law banning
         | sharing seeds, and unlikely to be hindered by it at all.
         | 
         | Unless I am missing something.
        
           | MSFT_Edging wrote:
           | Ole Jeff Monsanto at it again. Testing chemical sprays next
           | to Hawaiian elementary schools just doesn't hit the same
           | anymore.
        
             | trollbridge wrote:
             | Smarter to do it where you can buy off an entire national
             | government.
        
           | roenxi wrote:
           | Also, are they not capable of buying seeds from reputable
           | sources in Kenya? I assume there is some sort of farmer seed-
           | shop in most places which has been around for more than a
           | year, known to be reputable. If they buy below-market priced
           | seeds then those are going to be dodgy. That is why they are
           | below market price. These people are poor not stupid. It'd be
           | like my buying a cheap Rolex from a street vendor - I might
           | buy it, I might not but I'm not going to be confused if it
           | turns out to be a fake. It isn't hard to find a reputable
           | seller of something and if you go to the unreputable sellers
           | the reason it is cheap is because it might be bad quality.
           | Don't go to a community seed store that lets in random seeds
           | if the quality matters.
           | 
           | I assumed that there was unwritten context where some seed
           | vendor with genetically enhanced seeds was corrupting the
           | legal process to try and protect their IP.
        
             | dante54 wrote:
             | I am kenyan,let me put it into context since its a bit
             | nuanced. We have a very corrupt parliament, they were
             | bought off way back in 2012 when the law was introduced.
             | Mainly by big corpos like Monsanto & the Apollo guy above.
             | They basically wanted full dependence on these companies
             | for seeds, without giving farmers a choice. Maize is the
             | staple of the country and big bank for anyone who captures
             | the supply chain at whatever level. There has always been
             | contention on GMOs since contrary to what you may have read
             | in your media, kenyan farmers are perfectly capable of
             | feeding their families & the nation at large. Now farmers
             | fought back the law was suspended in court since 2012 but
             | during that period a lot of big seed companies found a way
             | to capture the market. Its a victory since the fines and
             | jail time were really extreme & seed sharing is an age old
             | tradition here, so picture a bunch of foregin companies
             | lobbying your government to criminalize your traditions
             | because its a direct threat to their business model
             | 
             | That is why this is a big deal and for more context on why
             | interfering with agricultural sytems at this scale is a
             | doomed excercise; The gates foundation tried this shit in
             | Zambia, and it worked they produced more till covid hit,
             | supply chains were cut and they are still dealing with a
             | famine
        
               | IAmBroom wrote:
               | Thank you so much for this first-hand insight! It takes
               | the conversation out of theoretical law intentions, and
               | into real-world actions.
        
             | rzerowan wrote:
             | In fact its basically a monopoly play to sideline the
             | longstanding seedbanks that have existed, both government
             | ones and co-op based seed banks. Hence the law that
             | proposed: Fines could reach up to 1 million Kenyan
             | shillings (approximately $7,700) and Offenders risked
             | imprisonment for up to two years.
             | 
             | Think about that for a second in a economy where
             | approximately 40-50% is subsistence agriculture.
             | 
             | Basically a ploy to force the small farmers off the land
             | and leave it to plantation and multicorps.
             | 
             | Its really sad but KE is in the grip of one of the worst
             | neoliberal experiments since post Soviet in the early 90s.
             | See recent news where all the country's healthdata has been
             | auctioned off to the US big pharma for 25years for 1B.
        
             | estsauver wrote:
             | Please see linked Harvard study for partial explanation of
             | difficulties and challenges in local supply chain.
        
             | xtiansimon wrote:
             | > "...are they not capable of buying seeds from reputable
             | sources..."
             | 
             | I don't know the answer, but the op's answer does point to
             | corruption. This reminds me of early 20th century reforms
             | in the meat industry in the United States a hundred years
             | ago.
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upton_Sinclair
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Meat_Inspection_Act
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive_Era
        
           | estsauver wrote:
           | Please try reading the whole comment again, I think you are
           | missing most of the comment?
        
             | dante54 wrote:
             | I read the comment and for context I am also a farmer, and
             | stripping farmers of a choice with excessively high fines
             | and jail time will never be correct no matter how you frame
             | it or whatever goodwill you pupport to have, you are in it
             | for the money not to help out "poor" farmers
        
               | estsauver wrote:
               | "I don't necessarily think community seed banks should be
               | banned, but I think it's important context to know. There
               | are people for whom they really need any seed, crops
               | which are not served commercially well, and a whole bunch
               | of other use cases I immediately understand for a
               | community seed bank. But seed counterfitting is a real
               | problem that is hurting some of the world's poorest
               | people. (I'll also just say I'm not up to date on this
               | law, the court case, or how it's been applied in the
               | country.)"
        
               | ImPostingOnHN wrote:
               | That _still_ doesn 't give any context that would support
               | the action.
               | 
               | If seed counterfeiting is "a big problem", then banning
               | seed sharing is "an even bigger, worse problem". What
               | context justifies causing a bigger, worse problem to
               | address a smaller problem?
               | 
               | Occam's razor suggests that the primary motivation was
               | protecting corporate profits anyways, not addressing seed
               | counterfeiting.
        
               | pwg wrote:
               | > That still doesn't give any context that would support
               | the action.
               | 
               | That's because if the true context in support was given,
               | it would be: "because seed sharing reduces our rate of
               | sales, and our resulting profits".
        
         | cess11 wrote:
         | One reason for running these seed banks is that old fashioned
         | seeds actually work better than hybrids and similar in some
         | areas where climate change is rampant.
        
           | bluGill wrote:
           | This is not clear. The article is talking about traditional
           | seeds for which that could be true (I don't know what is
           | traditional in Kenya). Other commenters are talking about
           | Maize which is from America and thus not traditional in
           | Africa and thus there are no traditional seeds in Kenya.
           | Maize also benefits greatly from hybridization, but there are
           | other plants that do not, if we are talking about Maize you
           | are wrong new seeds are much better than traditional, but if
           | we are talking about other seeds who knows.
        
             | cess11 wrote:
             | See e.g. https://apnews.com/article/kenya-seed-bank-
             | agriculture-clima... , which is linked from TFA.
        
         | octocop wrote:
         | > But seed counterfitting is a real problem that is hurting
         | some of the world's poorest
         | 
         | I'm guessing these hybrid seeds you are talking about are
         | probably the reason for the counterfitting to begin with. I
         | don't imagine them being sold at a reasonable price, but with
         | this law maybe you have less competition?
        
           | bluGill wrote:
           | What is a reasonable price? Hybrid seeds at 3x the price of
           | traditional seeds could well be a great value because at the
           | end of the year you get that much better of a crop.
           | 
           | Of course you have to pay for the seeds up front and get the
           | reward at the end of the year. Investments are like that, a
           | lot of poor farmers could spend 4x their current annual
           | income on modern technology (seeds, fertilizer, tractors) and
           | at the end of the year have more money left over than they
           | had the previous year - but of course they need to get to
           | harvest to get all the money. Worse there will be bad years
           | where they lose money - it works out on average over 20 years
           | but the individual years can be a killer if you start in the
           | wrong year.
        
             | pixl97 wrote:
             | >Worse there will be bad years where they lose money
             | 
             | Everyone complains about farm subsidies/insurance in the US
             | (well at least that's not a farmer), but this is the reason
             | they exist. Farming is hard.
        
           | RoyalHenOil wrote:
           | I used to work on a farm producing hybrid seed. It is indeed
           | very, very expensive compared to non-hybrid seed -- in large
           | part because it is a LOT of work to produce, depending on the
           | crop.
           | 
           | You have to maintain a separate "father" line and "mother"
           | line. You must prevent the mother line from self-pollinating,
           | which in some cases (like tomatoes) requires you to
           | physically remove the anthers from every single flower, ever
           | single day.
           | 
           | You must also prevent it from cross-pollinating with the
           | wrong crop, which (for insect-pollinated crops) means you may
           | need to grow it under insect-proof netting and then provide
           | your own pollinators. That's easy enough if it's a honeybee-
           | pollinated crop, but some crops are only pollinated by wild
           | insects, so you need to hand-pollinate every flower.
           | 
           | In most cases, the father line needs to be grown intermixed
           | with the mother line to ensure good pollination. These are
           | usually two wildly different varieties (otherwise, why are
           | you hybridizing them?) with different physical features, care
           | requirements, planting times, etc. This means you typically
           | can't use standard farming equipment (which is designed for
           | monocropping at scale) and must plant and care for the crops
           | using a lot more physical labor.
           | 
           | Once the mother line is pollinated, the father line must
           | removed to ensure it doesn't produce seed that could get
           | mixed up with the hybrid seed. While removing it, you have to
           | be very careful to not the damage the mother line crop. In
           | some crops, you must not even jostle the mother plants too
           | much or they'll drop a lot of their seed.
           | 
           | For this reason, F1 hybrid seed is very expensive, especially
           | for crops where hybridizing is particularly painstaking. For
           | example, the tomato seed I hybridized sold for approximately
           | $1 per seed. It was extremely worth it to or customers,
           | though, because it meant they could grow several times the
           | amount of fruit in the same space with the same inputs.
        
         | dante54 wrote:
         | Thats a bs explanation & you know it. Where is the direct
         | corelation between seed sharing and counterfeit seeds? Did you
         | do any studies? Any research to back your claims? Why
         | criminalize a practice that existed well before your companies?
         | Farmers that plant every year cant tell good seeds from bad
         | seeds? What kind of disrespect is that though?
        
         | lentil_soup wrote:
         | I don't understand the context. The idea of banning seed
         | sharing is to stop counterfeits? That doesn't make much sense.
         | Surely that'll just make it worse, no?
         | 
         | Also, what's the connection to the high yield ones? Is it
         | because those get counterfeited the most?
        
           | trollbridge wrote:
           | Instead of doing things like securing their supply chains,
           | the reaction of the seed companies is to... just make anyone
           | else selling seeds illegal.
        
             | IAmBroom wrote:
             | It worked so well in the War On Drugs... Don't do the hard
             | work of taking down illegal supply chains; simply put the
             | end consumers into jail for several years!
             | 
             | /s
        
               | hinkley wrote:
               | From Nixon's standpoint it worked great because they put
               | brown people in jail.
        
             | Retric wrote:
             | Not quite, the counterfeit seeds here are dramatically
             | worse to the point where buyers will feel scammed and face
             | significant hardship if they mistakenly use them.
             | 
             | Imagine if 90% counterfeit electronics caused house fires,
             | the harm is way beyond the purchase price. At that point
             | customers start caring a great deal, but corruption is
             | difficult to avoid.
        
               | BigGreenJorts wrote:
               | But there's nothing stopping the farmer from observing
               | their saved or off brand seed is not as effective and
               | buying from the original breeder again..?
        
             | LargeWu wrote:
             | Not even just selling seeds. Saving seeds from the crop you
             | planted from the previous year can also lead to
             | infringement lawsuits.
        
           | estsauver wrote:
           | Linked article claimed it was undertaken to prevent seed
           | counterfeiting.
           | 
           | Edit: (I personally know basically nothing about the law or
           | how it's been implemented.)
        
             | nchmy wrote:
             | shouldnt you, as the ceo of a company selling seeds in
             | kenya, know about the laws related to saving and selling
             | seeds in kenya...?
        
           | geon wrote:
           | > Also, what's the connection to the high yield ones?
           | 
           | The high yield seeds are created by cross pollinating certain
           | varieties. When the high yield seeds are planted, the new
           | seeds should be eaten -not re-planted- since they will give
           | poor yield.
           | 
           | So a counterfeiter can just buy cheaper food-seeds and resell
           | them as expensive high-yield seeds.
        
             | geon wrote:
             | A lot of plants work like that. Apples very rarely come out
             | tasting great if the tree is planted from a seed. You need
             | to clone a good known apple tree from cuttings instead.
        
             | Ekaros wrote:
             | Why does that make it sound like we are truly effed if we
             | ever end up in situation where these processes or markets
             | fail...
        
         | bitfilped wrote:
         | You can look at America to see what happens when seed sharing
         | is outlawed (or made effectively illegal through contracts to
         | acquire seeds that are then ruthlessly enforced.) Neither path
         | is ultimatly friendly to small farmers it seems, so this line
         | of thinking doesn't really hold any water to me.
        
           | bluGill wrote:
           | That is a "city slicker" read on the American farmer. The
           | actually farmers themselves learned long ago that savings
           | seeds isn't worth doing even without the contract. The terms
           | of the contract look bad from the outside, but to the farmer
           | they are "I wouldn't do that anyway"
        
             | thechao wrote:
             | What hurt farmer's the worst is the formation of modern
             | seed trusts (consolidation); well, on the seed side, at
             | least, for small farmers.
        
         | oersted wrote:
         | So you are saying that these special hybrid seeds that are the
         | first generation of combining two strains are the only ones
         | that can perform well? And that using any other seeds, even the
         | second generation of that same strain, is so bad and so easy to
         | confuse that it should be outright illegal?
         | 
         | That is very hard to believe.
         | 
         | EDIT: I see now I was too quick to judge and that my knowledge
         | on the topic was insufficient. Read the excellent comments
         | below , they helped me understand how OP makes sense.
         | 
         | Such laws are in place to protect the IP of these special seed
         | producers, to make their business model viable. That does have
         | merit to a degree, you do want such companies to exist, but
         | they should also have to contend with competition from other,
         | perhaps less effective but cheaper, sources of seed.
         | 
         | This doesn't have much to do with protecting the farmers from
         | being cheated into planting bad seed. And I am skeptical of the
         | fact that even second generation seeds are that bad, or that
         | these hybrids are really such a life-changing upgrade.
        
           | estsauver wrote:
           | Hybrid seeds are ~100 years old and are nearly universally
           | adopted across developed agricultural markets. They're as
           | controversial as "you should probably use source control" is
           | in programming. You may be confusing hybrid seeds with GMOs.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_seed
           | 
           | To state once again, I don't know much about this law or how
           | the government believes it's preventing counterfeit seed, but
           | bad seed is a huge problem for farmers. I personally want
           | farmers to be able to do whatever they want to with their
           | farms!
        
             | oersted wrote:
             | You have a point there, I was using "hybrid" as a catchall
             | for any special seed that comes from a dedicated producer
             | as opposed to stored seed. You are right that I don't know
             | enough about this, I was just judging your comment on its
             | internal argumentation and some basic red flags caught my
             | eye.
             | 
             | Would you care to answer the questions I posed? They were
             | not rhetorical, I would like to be proven wrong and learn.
             | 
             | PS: I really admire what you are doing with your company, I
             | don't want to discount that.
        
               | estsauver wrote:
               | Sure--I'll try!
               | 
               | > So you are saying that these special hybrid seeds that
               | are the first generation of combining two strains are the
               | only ones that can perform well?
               | 
               | For a lot of crop systems, yes! There are obviously crop
               | systems where you can do clones and some exceptions are
               | always present in biology, but basically yes. Yes for all
               | the big staple crops except Canola.
               | 
               | > And that using any other seeds, even the second
               | generation of that same strain, is so bad and so easy to
               | confuse that it should be outright illegal?
               | 
               | I probably wouldn't make it illegal, I think farmers
               | should be allowed to do whatever they want to! (My
               | completely out of the loop guess is the government is
               | trying to help small holder farmers who are reporting
               | that they're being scammed by these groups and that they
               | lack the resources to do genetic testing to prosecute
               | them for the fraud.)
               | 
               | > That is very hard to believe. Such laws are in place to
               | protect the IP of these special seed producers, to make
               | their business model viable. That does have merit to a
               | degree, you do want such companies to exist, but they
               | should also have to contend with competition from other,
               | perhaps less effective but cheaper, sources of seed.
               | 
               | It's not really an IP protection thing, it's an extremely
               | difficult many year process to recover genetics on most
               | hybrid crop systems. I don't think most seed companies
               | care about folks using saved seed, they know almost all
               | farmers will buy good seed if they can.
               | 
               | > This doesn't have much to do with protecting the
               | farmers from being cheated into planting bad seed. And I
               | am skeptical of the fact that even second generation
               | seeds are that bad, or that these hybrids are really such
               | a life-changing upgrade.
               | 
               | I think well answered by a parent comment, but the book
               | The Wizard and The Prophet is pretty good reading on
               | Borlaug and the green revolution. If you look at global
               | food capacity vs population, it's probably the single
               | most important life upgrade for everyone of modernity.
               | 
               | (Small Edit: I should note that I'm not an agronomist,
               | I'm just a guy who codes okay sometimes and that I've
               | gotten to spend a lot of time talking to agronomists and
               | smallholder farmers trying to make agriculture for small
               | farmers work better.)
        
             | dogman144 wrote:
             | Universally adopted in part by very well known strong arm
             | business practices from Big Ag vs farmers. This is a bad
             | faith framing imo. Source - live in ag country
        
           | zdragnar wrote:
           | You should do at least a bit of research before you basically
           | accuse someone of being a liar and corporate shill for no
           | more reason than it fits your generic worldview.
           | 
           | F1 and F2 are commonly accepted terms for first generation
           | and second generation seeds from hybrid plants. Because these
           | hybrids are created from two stable lines, they are
           | themselves unstable and will produce, at best, seeds of
           | varying quality and at worst entirely sterile plants.
           | 
           | https://www.parkseed.com/blogs/park-seed-
           | blog/understanding-...
           | 
           | https://www.reddit.com/r/botany/comments/wq3heg/question_why.
           | ..
           | 
           | https://www.google.com/search?q=difference+between+first+and.
           | ..
           | 
           | If you're going to pay more for a hybrid seed, it should be
           | only for a first generation, otherwise you don't know what
           | you're going to get. For some crops, like tomatos, that's
           | survivable. For others like corn, that could easily be
           | devastating. It's like playing russian roulette the slow and
           | expensive way.
           | 
           | Note that OP didn't say the seed banks themselves should be
           | illegal, but when you can't identify by visual inspection,
           | it's very high risk for fraud if they're selling what they
           | claim are premium products but are really F2 seeds.
        
             | oersted wrote:
             | You are right, my tone was too dismissive. The questions
             | were not rhetorical, I was actually trying to understand
             | the argument because it didn't make sense from the basic
             | knowledge I had. I appreciate this info, that's what I
             | wanted.
        
             | hinkley wrote:
             | If you don't want to deal with F2 plants, the alternative
             | is "landrace", which are collected seeds specific usually
             | to a microbiome. They germinate with the most appropriate
             | genes already activated (epigenetics) in the germ line.
             | Instead of getting seeds from some company in Pennsylvania
             | or Oregon you get them from grandpa or the guy at the other
             | end of the valley, where the soil and weather patterns are
             | identical. And you keep it that way.
             | 
             | The F1 person might also want to buy your seeds because he
             | has access to another landrace variety from far away and
             | wants to cross them.
        
           | bluGill wrote:
           | > So you are saying that these special hybrid seeds that are
           | the first generation of combining two strains are the only
           | ones that can perform well
           | 
           | Absolutely. The first generation of a hybrid seed will
           | produce several times more than either traditional seeds or
           | the second generation. You can't reasonably grow your own
           | hybrid seeds as you need to keep your fields to grow those
           | seeds well separated from any other fields.
           | 
           | Now not all plants can be hybridized, and even of those that
           | can I won't state with confidence that all of them have that
           | property. However Maize (corn in US) which is a major world
           | crop does act like this.
           | 
           | > Such laws are in place to protect the IP of these special
           | seed producers, to make their business model viable
           | 
           | Not exactly. There is some of that for sure, but there is
           | also that if you are a seed producer you want to ensure your
           | customers get your good seed and not counterfeit that looks
           | just like yours (if you cannot examine cell DNA you can't
           | tell the difference between a first generation hybrid and any
           | other seed).
           | 
           | However the law was written is clearly too broad. It should
           | protect the hybrid seeds - nobody wants any seed claimed as
           | hybrid that isn't a first generation hybrid. However it
           | shouldn't affect any traditionally saved seeds (though where
           | hybrid is available nobody wants them except museums)
        
             | miohtama wrote:
             | Also none of this is new knowledge. This was taught in my
             | high school 30 years ago.
        
               | pixl97 wrote:
               | Did you go to high school in the country that made this
               | law? In addition, how many farmers in that country get
               | high school education?
               | 
               | From what I read getting grades 1-8 is common in Kenya,
               | but the high school years of education drop off
               | significantly with only around 40% of the population
               | getting that education, and making an educated guess that
               | would target city people more than those that would be
               | farmers.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Kenya
        
               | geon wrote:
               | Poor education doesn't make it new knowledge.
               | 
               | If _anyone_ was taught this in highschool, it must have
               | been established practice for decades at least.
        
             | hinkley wrote:
             | If you lived in the Midwest at any point and heard about
             | high school kids getting "detassling" jobs, they were
             | forcing hybridization of two corn lines in half the crop by
             | removing pollen from the other half. Two strains were
             | planted in the same field in stripes.
        
           | jt2190 wrote:
           | > I am skeptical of the fact that even second generation
           | seeds are that bad
           | 
           | Non-farmers really don't understand how human-engineered
           | agriculture has been for the entire history of human
           | civilization. For example, corn (maize) does not really exist
           | in nature, it's a human-developed thing. Hybridized plants
           | still carry the genetic code that allowed them to propagate
           | through the ages before human agriculture, and these survival
           | traits will very quickly express themselves in the offspring
           | (seeds).
        
             | gus_massa wrote:
             | I agree. Here is a photo of the wild ancestor of maize,
             | compared to a modern one and an hybrid
             | https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/721466
        
               | cguess wrote:
               | I had a lecture from the main researcher of that paper
               | when I was in undergrad, fantastic lecturer and very
               | interesting topic. The whole class actually applauded him
               | after he finished (that isn't something that happens in
               | US universities usually).
        
               | dekhn wrote:
               | Do you mean https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Doebley ?
               | See also https://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/25/science/25cre
               | ature.html for the story of how maize was traced back to
               | teosinte using hybrids and some literature with more
               | scientific detail: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/
               | article/pii/0168952592...
        
             | hinkley wrote:
             | We are still trying to figure out how maize came to be.
             | Last I heard we haven't found the smoking gun yet.
        
         | IAmBroom wrote:
         | For some context on why the original law was introduced:
         | 
         | $$$.
        
         | dogman144 wrote:
         | Haha very important disclaimer there, because reading your post
         | sounds a lot like a person who works for big ag.
         | 
         | The _other_ reason these laws exist is a long history by Big Ag
         | (Monsanto, Cargill) doing the following, and has been done in
         | the states for a while:
         | 
         | 1) gmo/patented seeds in field on the left, community non-big
         | ag seeds on the right field.
         | 
         | 2) Cross-pollination occurs because we're talking crops.
         | Variations on this.
         | 
         | 3) Monsanto sues Farmer John and Jane into the ground next
         | season for stealing tech via the crops he's growing.
         | 
         | Add in a little bit of fear (encryption backdoors for the
         | children, laws to prevent dangerous counterfeit seeds!), and
         | you have monopoly on farming run by big corps.
         | 
         | Also, US corps have a long history of POC'ing underhanded
         | approaches in Africa.
         | 
         | What could be going on here!?
         | 
         | Edit - Man, rereading, "forced to plant [dangerous] saved
         | seeds," guess it's Big Ag + tech startups now pushing this.
         | Maybe... those farmers just want to control their "IP" (saved
         | seeds) so they don't have to buy them from a cartel of seed
         | providers? This is such a well known problem in the states, is
         | this marketing really working in Africa?
         | 
         | Final edit on the soapbox - other reason why this matters is
         | genetic diversity. Crop blight is a thing. There is no way the
         | natural "herd immunity" of a basket of seed variants in a
         | community is outstripped in effectiveness by a growing
         | monoculture of owned hybrid seeds that stay in front of the
         | blights each season. Coffee rust already jumped the Atlantic
         | from Africa to SA. Often feels like I've read this sci-fi novel
         | already (there is a good one - Windup Girl).
        
           | throwaway243123 wrote:
           | How does that suing pass muster is any court of law?
        
             | dogman144 wrote:
             | Good question
        
             | PythagoRascal wrote:
             | Does it need to? Unfortunately, a threat of a lawsuit by a
             | large company is weapon enough to make people buckle.
        
             | Peteragain wrote:
             | More expensive lawyers.
        
             | banku_brougham wrote:
             | Read "confessions of an economic hitman", you'll get the
             | gist
        
           | dekhn wrote:
           | From what I've read, the articles about Monsanto suing
           | innocent farmers is misleading.
        
             | dogman144 wrote:
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowman_v._Monsanto_Co.
        
               | dogman144 wrote:
               | " The usual Monsanto claim involves patent infringement
               | by intentionally replanting patented seed"
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monsanto_legal_cases
               | 
               | Edit - Can't reply again looks like but to the response
               | below, yes many view this approach as effectively leading
               | to enforcing what you state. Which is why it is so
               | horribly underhanded to me, and seeing supporting
               | narratives in hackernews was striking.
        
               | noworriesnate wrote:
               | Doesn't this mean that farmers will no longer be able to
               | reuse their own seeds then, if a neighbor has GMO seeds?
        
               | throwup238 wrote:
               | No, it doesn't. From their "commitment" [1] which was
               | affirmed by the courts as binding in a 2010s court case (
               | _Organic Seed Growers & Trade Ass'n v. Monsanto_):
               | 
               |  _> We do not exercise our patent rights where trace
               | amounts of our patented seeds or traits are present in a
               | farmer's fields as a result of inadvertent means._
               | 
               | [1] https://web.archive.org/web/20101023123618/http://www
               | .monsan...
        
             | DANmode wrote:
             | Meaning it didn't happen, or the farmers aren't as innocent
             | as the word innocent legally implies?
             | 
             | Comment could be considered misleading...
        
         | banku_brougham wrote:
         | >"My grandmother saved seeds, and today the court has said I
         | can do the same for my grandchildren without fear of the police
         | or of prison," he said.
         | 
         | Unconscionable to support such a law IMO.
        
         | teyc wrote:
         | If hybrid seeds provide economic and material benefit then the
         | laws should be written to prevent counterfeits, not
         | specifically banning people from replanting.
        
       | thatgerhard wrote:
       | Good!
        
       | oregano wrote:
       | Seed sharing is fundamental to human civilization. It is a human
       | right. Companies like Monsanto that belligerently interfere with
       | this by claiming "ownership" of seeds are nothing less than evil.
        
         | sejje wrote:
         | This is a new human right I didn't even know I had
        
           | IAmBroom wrote:
           | The comments in this thread make it abundantly clear there's
           | nothing new about the right. Seed sharing predates your "TIL"
           | knowledge of it.
        
             | sejje wrote:
             | There's nothing new about the practice. It becoming a human
             | right would certainly be new.
             | 
             | That's like saying backhanding your kid is a human right.
             | Every human on the planet practiced it forever.
        
           | oregano wrote:
           | Perhaps because you have never had to think about the role
           | agriculture plays in civilization.
           | 
           | Encourage you to look into this issue more.
        
             | sejje wrote:
             | I'm likely more connected to agriculture than you think.
             | And I think seed-sharing should be enshrined legally.
             | 
             | That's not the same as human rights. I think it's a silly
             | practice lately to start proclaiming all these things are
             | human rights. Particularly (not this case) when those
             | things have to be given to them by other humans.
        
               | alkonaut wrote:
               | I don't know what exactly "seed sharing" means (and the
               | article doesn't describe it fully) but merely owning
               | anything communally, or owning property - which includes
               | the right to transfer it - seems like obvious human
               | rights.
               | 
               | What's actually a human right and what isn't will depend
               | on who you ask, but just "Everyone has the right to own
               | property alone as well as in association with others."
               | seems to be applicable (UN Charter SS17)? It doesn't feel
               | like "random thing I think is important is a human right"
               | at all?
        
           | banku_brougham wrote:
           | 9th Amendment, US Constitution, ratified 1789:
           | 
           | >The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights,
           | shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained
           | by the people.
        
         | wslh wrote:
         | Sadly, there is no tax that Nature itself can collect on
         | Monsanto and others
        
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