[HN Gopher] Reverse engineering a $1B Legal AI tool exposed 100k...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Reverse engineering a $1B Legal AI tool exposed 100k+ confidential
       files
        
       Author : bearsyankees
       Score  : 391 points
       Date   : 2025-12-03 17:44 UTC (5 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (alexschapiro.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (alexschapiro.com)
        
       | observationist wrote:
       | I think this class of problems can be protected against.
       | 
       | It's become clear that the first and most important and most
       | valuable agent, or team of agents, to build is the one that
       | responsibly and diligently lays out the opsec framework for
       | whatever other system you're trying to automate.
       | 
       | A meta-security AI framework, cursor for opsec, would be the
       | best, most valuable general purpose AI tool any company could
       | build, imo. Everything from journalism to law to coding would
       | immediately benefit, and it'd provide invaluable data for post
       | training, reducing the overall problematic behaviors in the
       | underlying models.
       | 
       | Move fast and break things is a lot more valuable if you have a
       | red team mechanism that scales with the product. Who knows how
       | many facepalm level failures like this are out there?
        
         | croes wrote:
         | > I think this class of problems can be protected against.
         | 
         | Of course, it's called proper software development
        
           | jeffbee wrote:
           | The techniques for non-disclosure of confidential materials
           | processed by multi-tenant services are obvious, well-known,
           | and practiced by very few.
        
           | venturecruelty wrote:
           | And jail time for executives who are responsible for data
           | leaks.
        
             | marginalx wrote:
             | Are you saying executives cannot make mistakes ever (ask
             | because you didn't qualify your statement)?
        
               | venturecruelty wrote:
               | I'm saying that if executives get praise and bonuses for
               | when good things happen, they should also have negative
               | consequences when bad things happen. Litigate that
               | further how you wish.
        
       | canopi wrote:
       | The first thing that comes to my mind is SOC2 HIPAA and the whole
       | security theater.
       | 
       | I am one of the engineers that had to suffer through countless
       | screenshots and forms to get these because they show that you are
       | compliant and safe. While the real impactful things are ignored
        
       | quapster wrote:
       | This is the collision between two cultures that were never meant
       | to share the same data: "move fast and duct-tape APIs together"
       | startup engineering, and "if this leaks we ruin people's lives"
       | legal/medical confidentiality.
       | 
       | What's wild is that nothing here is exotic: subdomain
       | enumeration, unauthenticated API, over-privileged token, minified
       | JS leaking internals. This is a 2010-level bug pattern wrapped in
       | 2025 AI hype. The only truly "AI" part is that centralizing all
       | documents for model training drastically raises the blast radius
       | when you screw up.
       | 
       | The economic incentive is obvious: if your pitch deck is "we'll
       | ingest everything your firm has ever touched and make it
       | searchable/AI-ready", you win deals by saying yes to data access
       | and integrations, not by saying no. Least privilege, token
       | scoping, and proper isolation are friction in the sales process,
       | so they get bolted on later, if at all.
       | 
       | The scary bit is that lawyers are being sold "AI assistant" but
       | what they're actually buying is "unvetted third party root access
       | to your institutional memory". At that point, the interesting
       | question isn't whether there are more bugs like this, it's how
       | many of these systems would survive a serious red-team exercise
       | by anyone more motivated than a curious blogger.
        
         | j45 wrote:
         | It's a little hilarious.
         | 
         | First, as an organization, do all this cybersecurity theatre,
         | and then create an MCP/LLM wormhole that bypasses it all.
         | 
         | All because non-technical folks wave their hands about AI and
         | not understanding the most fundamental reality about LLM
         | software being fundamentally so different than all the software
         | before it that it becomes an unavoidable black hole.
         | 
         | I'm also a little pleased I used two space analogies, something
         | I can't expect LLMs to do because they have to go large with
         | their language or go home.
        
           | jimbokun wrote:
           | My first reaction to the announcement of MCP was that I must
           | be missing something. Surely giving an LLM unlimited access
           | to protected data is going to introduce security holes?
        
           | RansomStark wrote:
           | Maybe this is the key takeaway of GenAI: that some access to
           | data, even partially hallucinated data, is better than the
           | hoops that the security theatre puts in place that prevents
           | average Joe doing their job.
           | 
           | This might just be a golden age for getting access to the
           | data you need for getting the job done.
           | 
           | Next security will catch up and there'll be a good balance
           | between access and control.
           | 
           | Then, as always security goes to far and nobody can get
           | anything done.
           | 
           | It's a tale as old as computer security.
        
           | stronglikedan wrote:
           | Nitpick, but wormholes and black holes aren't limited to
           | space! (unless you go with the Rick & Morty definition where
           | "there's literally everything in space")
        
             | j45 wrote:
             | Not a nit pick at all friend, it is even more rabbit holes
             | to explore.
        
           | dogman144 wrote:
           | Assuming a 101 security program past the quality bar, there
           | are a number of reason why this can still happen at
           | companies.
           | 
           | Summarized as - security is about risk acceptance, not
           | removal. There's massive business pressure to risk accept AI.
           | Risk acceptance usually means some sort of supplemental
           | control that's not the ideal but manages. There are very
           | little of these with AI tools however - small vendors,
           | they're not really service accounts but IMO best way to
           | monitor them probably is that, integrations are easy, eng
           | companies hate devs losing admin of some kind but if you have
           | that random AI on endpoints becomes very likely.
           | 
           | I'm ignoring a lot of nuance but solid sec program blown open
           | by LLM vendors is going to be common, let alone bad sec
           | programs. Many sec teams I think are just waiting for the
           | other shoe to drop for some evidentiary support while
           | managing heavy pressure to go full bore AI integration until
           | then.
        
       | kylecazar wrote:
       | If they have a billion dollar valuation, this fairly basic (and
       | irresponsible) vulnerability could have cost them a billion
       | dollars. If someone with malice had been in your shoes, in that
       | industry, this probably wouldn't have been recoverable. Imagine a
       | firm's entire client communications and discovery posted online.
       | 
       | They should have given you some money.
        
         | RagnarD wrote:
         | They should have given him a LOT of money.
        
           | DonHopkins wrote:
           | Would you settle for a LOT of free AI generated legal advice?
           | ;)
        
         | edm0nd wrote:
         | Exactly.
         | 
         | They could have sold this to a ransomare group or affiliate for
         | 5-6 figures and then the ransomware group could have exfil'd
         | the data and attempted to extort the company for millions.
         | 
         | Then if they didnt pay and the ransomware group leaked the info
         | to the public, they'd likely have to spend millions on lawsuits
         | and fines anyways.
         | 
         | They should have paid this dude 5-6 figures for this find. It's
         | scenarios like this that lead people to sell these vulns on the
         | gray/black market instead of traditional bug bounty whitehat
         | routes.
        
       | chunk1000 wrote:
       | Thank you bearsyankees for keeping us informed.
        
       | jacquesm wrote:
       | That doesn't surprise me one bit. Just think about all the
       | confidential information that people post into their Chatgpt and
       | Claude sessions. You could probably keep the legal system busy
       | for the next century on a couple of days of that.
        
         | giancarlostoro wrote:
         | "Hey uh, ChatGPT, just hypothetically, uh, if you needed to
         | remove uh cows blood from your apartments carpet, uh"
        
           | lazide wrote:
           | Just phrase it as a poem, you'll be fine.
        
             | venturecruelty wrote:
             | Gonna be hard when people ask ChatGPT to write them the
             | poem.
        
             | sidrag22 wrote:
             | i recall reading a silly article like half a year ago about
             | using leetspeak and setting the prompt up to emulate House
             | the tv show or something to get around restrictions
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | Make it a Honda CRX...
        
       | icyfox wrote:
       | I'm always a bit surprised how long it can take to triage and fix
       | these pretty glaring security vulnerabilities. October 27, 2025
       | disclosure and November 4, 2025 email confirmation seems like a
       | long time to have their entire client file system exposed. Sure
       | the actual bug ended up being (what I imagine to be) a <1hr fix
       | plus the time for QA testing to make sure it didn't break
       | anything.
       | 
       | Is the issue that people aren't checking their security@ email
       | addresses? People are on holiday? These emails get so much spam
       | it's really hard to separate the noise from the legit signal? I'm
       | genuinely curious.
        
         | ipdashc wrote:
         | security@ emails do get a lot of spam. It doesn't get talked
         | about very much unless you're monitoring one yourself, but
         | there's a fairly constant stream of people begging for bug
         | bounty money for things like the Secure flag not being set on a
         | cookie.
         | 
         | That said, in my experience this spam is still a few emails a
         | day at the most, I don't think there's any excuse for not
         | immediately patching something like that. I guess maybe
         | someone's on holiday like you said.
        
           | canopi wrote:
           | This.
           | 
           | There is so much spam from random people about meaningless
           | issues in our docs. AI has made the problem worse.
           | Determining the meaningful from the meaningless is a full
           | time job.
        
             | Bootvis wrote:
             | Use AI for that :)
        
             | whstl wrote:
             | Half of the emails I used to get in a previous company were
             | pointless issues, some coming from a honey pot.
             | 
             | The other half was people demanding payment.
        
             | TheTaytay wrote:
             | This is where "managed" bug bounty programs like BugCrowd
             | or HackerOne deliver value: only telling you when there is
             | something real. It can be a full time job to separate the
             | wheat from the chaff. It's made worse by the incentive of
             | the reporters to make everything sound like a P1 hair-on-
             | fire issue.
        
         | Capricorn2481 wrote:
         | > October 27, 2025 disclosure and November 4, 2025 email
         | confirmation seems like a long time to have their entire client
         | file system exposed
         | 
         | I have unfortunately seen way worse. If it will take more than
         | an hour and the wrong people are in charge of the money, you
         | can go a pretty long time with glaring vulnerabilities.
        
           | giancarlostoro wrote:
           | I call that one of the worrisome outcomes from "Marketing
           | Driven Development" where the business people don't let you
           | do technical debt "Stories" because you REALLY need to do
           | work that justifies their existence in the project.
        
         | gwbas1c wrote:
         | Not every organization prioritizes being able to ship a code
         | change at the drop of a hat. This often requires organizational
         | dedication to heavy automated testing a CI, which small
         | companies often aren't set up to do.
        
           | stavros wrote:
           | I can't believe that any company takes a month to ship
           | something. Even if they don't have CI, surely they'd prefer
           | to break the app (maybe even completely) than risk all their
           | legal documents exfiltrated.
        
             | Aurornis wrote:
             | > I can't believe that any company takes a month to ship
             | something.
             | 
             | Outside of startups and big tech, it's not uncommon to have
             | release cycles that are months long. Especially common if
             | there is any legal or regulatory involvement.
        
             | Jolter wrote:
             | It'd be pretty reasonable to take the whole API down in
             | this scenario, and put it back up once it's patched. They'd
             | lose tons of cash but avoid being liable for extreme
             | amounts of damages.
        
         | Barathkanna wrote:
         | A lot of the time it's less "nobody checked the security inbox"
         | and more "the one person who understands that part of the
         | system is juggling twelve other fires." Security fixes are
         | often a one-hour patch wrapped in two weeks of internal
         | routing, approvals, and "who even owns this code?" archaeology.
         | Holiday schedules and spam filters don't help, but
         | organizational entropy is usually the real culprit.
        
           | throwaway290 wrote:
           | It's not about fixing it, it's about acknowledging it exists
        
           | Aurornis wrote:
           | > A lot of the time it's less "nobody checked the security
           | inbox" and more "the one person who understands that part of
           | the system is juggling twelve other fires."
           | 
           | At my past employers it was "The VP of such-and-such said we
           | need to ship this feature as our top priority, no exceptions"
        
           | whstl wrote:
           | I've once had a whole sector of a fintech go down because one
           | DevOps person ignored daily warning emails for three months
           | that an API key was about to expire and needed reset.
           | 
           | And of course nobody remembered the setup, and logging was
           | only accessible by the same person, so figuring out also took
           | weeks.
        
             | bongodongobob wrote:
             | I'm currently on the other side of this trying to convince
             | management that the maintenance that should have been done
             | 3 years ago needs to get done. They need "justification".
        
           | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
           | It could also be someone "practicing good time management."
           | 
           | They have a specific time of day, when they check their
           | email, and they only give 30 minutes to that time, and they
           | check emails from most recent, down.
           | 
           | The email comes in, two hours earlier, and, by the time they
           | check their email, it's been buried under 50 spams, and near-
           | spams; each of which needs to be checked, so they run out of
           | 30 minutes, before they get to it. The next day, by email
           | check time, another 400 spams have been thrown on top.
           | 
           | Think I'm kidding?
           | 
           | Many folks that have worked for large companies (or
           | bureaucracies) have seen exactly this.
        
         | Aurornis wrote:
         | In my experience, it comes down to project management and
         | organizational structure problems.
         | 
         | Companies hire a "security team" and put them behind the
         | security@ email, then decide they'll figure out how to handle
         | issues later.
         | 
         | When an issue comes in, the security team tries to forward the
         | security issue to the team that owns the project so it can be
         | fixed. This is where complicated org charts and difficult
         | incentive structures can get in the way.
         | 
         | Determining which team actually owns the code containing the
         | bug can be very hard, depending on the company. Many security
         | team people I've worked with were smart, but not software
         | developers by trade. So they start trying to navigate the org
         | chart to figure out who can even fix the issue. This can take
         | weeks of dead-ends and "I'm busy until Tuesday next week at
         | 3:30PM, let's schedule a meeting then" delays.
         | 
         | Even when you find the right team, it can be difficult to get
         | them to schedule the fix. In companies where roadmaps are
         | planned 3 quarters in advance, everyone is focused on their
         | KPIs and other acronyms, and bonuses are paid out according to
         | your ticket velocity and on-time delivery stats (despite PMs
         | telling you they're not), getting a team to pick up the bug and
         | work on it is hard. Again, it can become a wall of "Our next 3
         | sprints are already full with urgent work from VP so-and-so,
         | but we'll see if we can fit it in after that"
         | 
         | Then legal wants to be involved, too. So before you even
         | respond to reports you have to flag the corporate counsel, who
         | is already busy and doesn't want to hear it right now.
         | 
         | So half or more of the job of the security team becomes
         | navigating corporate bureaucracy and slicing through all of the
         | incentive structures to inject this urgent priority somewhere.
         | 
         | Smart companies recognize this problem and will empower
         | security teams to prioritize urgent things. This can cause
         | another problem where less-than-great security teams start
         | wielding their power to force everyone to work on not-urgent
         | issues that get spammed to the security@ email all day long
         | demanding bug bounties, which burns everyone out. Good security
         | teams will use good judgment, though.
        
           | srrdev wrote:
           | Oh man this is so true. In this sort of org, getting
           | something fixed out-of-band takes a huge political effort
           | (even a critical issue like having your client database
           | exposed to the world).
        
             | DrewADesign wrote:
             | While there were numerous problems with the big corporate
             | structures I worked in decades ago where everything was
             | done by silos of specialists, there were huge advantages.
             | No matter where there was a security, performance, network,
             | hardware, etc. issue, the internal support infrastructure
             | had the specialist's pagers and for a problem like this,
             | the people fixing it would have been on a conference call
             | until it was fixed. There was always a team of specialists
             | to diagnose and test fixes, always available developers
             | with the expertise to write fixes if necessary, always ops
             | to monitor and execute things, always a person in charge to
             | make sure it all got done, and everybody knew which
             | department it was and how to reach them 24/7.
             | 
             | Now if you needed to develop something not-urgent that
             | involved, say, the performance department, database
             | department, and your own, hope you've got a few months to
             | blow on conference calls and procedure documents.
             | 
             | For that industry it made sense though.
        
         | bfxbjuf wrote:
         | Well we have 600 people in the global response center I work
         | at. And the priority issue count is currently 26000. That means
         | its serious enough that its been assigned to some one. There
         | are tens of thousands of unassigned issues cuz the traige teams
         | are swamped. People dont realize as systems get more complex
         | issues increase. They never decrease. And the chimp troupes
         | response has always been a Story - we can handle it.
        
         | bgbntty2 wrote:
         | I'm a bit conflicted about what responsible disclosure should
         | be, but in many cases it seems like these conditions hold:
         | 
         | 1) the hack is straightforward to do;
         | 
         | 2) it can do a lot of damage (get PII or other confidential
         | info in most cases);
         | 
         | 3) downtime of the service wouldn't hurt anyone, especially if
         | we compare it to the risk of the damage.
         | 
         | But, instead of insisting on the immediate shutting down of the
         | affected service, we give companies weeks or months to fix the
         | issue while notifying no one in the process and continuing with
         | business as usual.
         | 
         | I've submitted 3 very easy exploits to 3 different companies
         | the past year and, thankfully, they fixed them in about a week
         | every time. Yet, the exploits were trivial (as I'm not good
         | enough to find the hard ones, I admit). Mostly IDORs, like
         | changing id=123456 to id=1 all the way up to id=123455 and
         | seeing a lot medical data that doesn't belong to me. All 3
         | cases were medical labs because I had to have some tests done
         | and wanted to see how secure my data was.
         | 
         | Sadly, in all 3 cases I had to send a follow-up e-mail after ~1
         | week, saying that I'll make the exploit public if they don't
         | fix it ASAP. What happened was, again, in all 3 cases, the
         | exploit was fixed within 1-2 days.
         | 
         | If I'd given them a month, I feel they would've fixed the issue
         | after a month. If I'd given then a year - after a year.
         | 
         | And it's not like there aren't 10 different labs in my city.
         | It's not like online access to results is critical, either. You
         | can get a printed result or call them to write them down. Yes,
         | it would be tedious, but more secure.
         | 
         | So I should've said from the beginning something like:
         | 
         | > I found this trivial exploit that gives me access to medical
         | data of thousands of people. If you don't want it public, shut
         | down your online service until you fix it, because it's highly
         | likely someone else figured it out before me. If you don't,
         | I'll make it public and ruin your reputation.
         | 
         | Now, would I make it public if they don't fix it within a few
         | days? Probably not, but I'm not sure. But shutting down their
         | service until the fix is in seems important. If it was some
         | hard-to-do hack chaining several exploits, including a 0-day,
         | it would be likely that I'd be the first one to find it and it
         | wouldn't be found for a while by someone else afterwards. But
         | ID enumerations? Come on.
         | 
         | So does the standard "responsible disclosure", at least in the
         | scenario I've given (easy to do; not critical if the service is
         | shut down), help the affected parties (the customers) or the
         | businesses? Why should I care about a company worth $X losing
         | $Y if it's their fault?
         | 
         | I think in the future I'll anonymously contact companies with
         | way more strict deadlines if their customers (or others) are in
         | serious risk. I'll lose the ability to brag with my real name,
         | but I can live with it.
         | 
         | As to the other comments talking about how spammed their
         | security@ mail is - that's the cost of doing business. It
         | doesn't seem like a valid excuse to me. Security isn't one of
         | hundreds random things a business should care about. It's one
         | of the most important ones. So just assign more people to
         | review your mail. If you can't, why are you handling people's
         | PII?
        
         | jofzar wrote:
         | > October 27, 2025 disclosure and November 4, 2025 email
         | confirmation seems like a long time to have their entire client
         | file system exposed
         | 
         | There is always the simple answer, these are lawyers so they
         | are probably scrambling internally to write a response that
         | covers themselves legaly also trying to figure out how fucked
         | they are.
         | 
         | 1 week is surprisingly not that slow.
        
         | perlgeek wrote:
         | Another aspect to consider: when you reduce the amount of
         | permission anything has (like here the returned token), you
         | risk breaking something.
         | 
         | In a complex system it can be very hard to understand what will
         | break, if anything. In a less complex system, it can still be
         | hard to understand if the person who knows the security model
         | very well isn't available.
        
       | Invictus0 wrote:
       | This guy didn't even get paid for this? We need a law that
       | establishes mandatory payments for cybersecurity bounty hunters.
        
       | imvetri wrote:
       | Legal attacks engineering - font type license fee on japan
       | consumers. Engineering attacks legal - AI info dump in above
       | post.
       | 
       | How does above sound like and what kind of professional write
       | like that?
        
       | sys32768 wrote:
       | I work for a finance firm and everyone is wondering why we can
       | store reams of client data with SaaS Company X, but not upload a
       | trust document or tax return to AI SaaS Company Y.
       | 
       | My argument is we're in the Wild West with AI and this stuff is
       | being built so fast with so many evolving tools that corners are
       | being cut even when they don't realize it.
       | 
       | This article demonstrates that, but it does sort of beg the
       | question as to why not trust one vs the other when they both
       | promise the same safeguards.
        
         | layer8 wrote:
         | The question is what reason did you have to trust SaaS Company
         | X in the first place?
        
           | sys32768 wrote:
           | Because it's the Cloud and we're told the cloud is better and
           | more secure.
           | 
           | In truth the company forced our hand by pricing us out of the
           | on-premise solution and will do that again with the other on-
           | premise we use, which is set to sunset in five years or so.
        
           | pm90 wrote:
           | SaaS is now a "solved problem"; almost all vendors will try
           | to get SOX/SOC2 compliance (and more for sensitive
           | workloads). Although... its hard to see how these
           | certifications would have prevented something like this
           | :melting_face:.
        
         | pstuart wrote:
         | And nobody seems to pay attention to the fact that modern
         | copiers cache copies on a local disk and if the machines are
         | leased and swapped out the next party that takes possession has
         | access to those copies if nobody bothered to address it.
        
           | lupire wrote:
           | This was the plot of Grisham's book The Firm in 1991
        
         | mbesto wrote:
         | > My argument is we're in the Wild West with AI and this stuff
         | is being built so fast with so many evolving tools that corners
         | are being cut even when they don't realize it.
         | 
         | The funny thing is that this exploit (from the OP) has nothing
         | to do with AI and could be <insert any SaaS company> that
         | integrates into another service.
        
         | pr337h4m wrote:
         | FWIW this company was founded in 2014 and appears to have added
         | LLM-powered features relatively recently:
         | https://www.reuters.com/legal/transactional/legal-tech-compa...
        
         | teej wrote:
         | It doesn't sound like your firm does any diligence that would
         | actually prevent you from buying a vendor that has security
         | flaws.
        
         | Aperocky wrote:
         | Does SaaS X/Cloud offer IAM capabilities? Or going further, do
         | they dogfood their own access via the identity and access
         | policies? If so, and you construct your own access policy, you
         | have relative peace of mind.
         | 
         | If SaaS Y just says "Give me your data and it will be secure",
         | that's where it gets suspect.
        
       | richwater wrote:
       | Of course there will be no accountability or punishment.
        
       | lupire wrote:
       | Who is Margolis, and are they happy that OP publicly announced
       | accessing all their confidential files?
       | 
       | Clever work by OP. Surely there is automatic prober tool that
       | already hacked this product?
        
       | valbaca wrote:
       | Given the absurd amount startups I see lately that have the words
       | "healthcare" and "AI", I'm actually incredibly concerned that in
       | just a couple of months we're going to have an multiple, enormous
       | HIPAA-data disasters
       | 
       | Just search "healthcare" in
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=46108941
        
       | mattfrommars wrote:
       | This might be off topic since we are in topic of AI tool and on
       | HackerNews.
       | 
       | I've been pondering a long time how does one build a startup
       | company in domain they are not familiar with but ... Just have
       | this urge to 'crave a pie' in this space. For the longest time, I
       | had this dream of starting or building a 'AI Legal Tech Company'
       | -- big issue is, I don't work in legal space at all. I did some
       | cold reach on lawfirm related forums which did not take any
       | traction.
       | 
       | I later searched around and came across the term, 'case
       | management software'. From what I know, this is what Cilo
       | fundamentally is and make millions if not billion.
       | 
       | This was close to two years or 1.5 years ago and since then, I
       | stopped thinking about it because of this understanding or belief
       | I have, "how can I do a startup in legal when I don't work in
       | this domain" But when I look around, I have seen people who start
       | companies in totally unrelated industry. From starting a 'dental
       | tech's company to, if I'm not mistaken, the founder of hugging
       | face doesn't seem to have PHD in AI/ML and yet founded
       | HuggingFace.
       | 
       | Given all said, how does one start a company in unrelated domain?
       | Say I want to start another case management system or attempt to
       | clone FileVine, do I first read up what case management software
       | is or do I cold reach to potential lawfirm who would partner up
       | to built a SAAS from scratch? Other school of thought goes like,
       | "find customer before you have a product to validate what you
       | want to build", how does this realistically work?
       | 
       | Apologies for the scattered thoughts...
        
         | jimbokun wrote:
         | One approach is to partner with someone who is an expert in
         | that space.
        
         | strgcmc wrote:
         | I think it comes down to, having some insight about the
         | customer need and how you would solve it. Having prior
         | experience in the same domain is helpful but is neither a
         | guarantee nor a blocker, towards having a customer insight
         | (lots of people might work in a domain but have no idea how to
         | improve it; alternatively an outsider might see something that
         | the "domain experts" have been overlooking).
         | 
         | I just randomly happened to read about the story of, some
         | surgeons asking a Formula 1 team to help improve its surgical
         | processes, with spectacular results in the long term... The F1
         | team had zero medical background, but they assessed the
         | surgical processes and found huge issues with communication and
         | lack of clarity, people reaching over each other to get to
         | tools, or too many people jumping to fix something like a hose
         | coming loose (when you just need 1 person to do that 1 thing).
         | F1 teams were very good at designing hyper efficient and
         | reliable processes to get complex pit stops done extremely
         | quickly, and the surgeons benefitted a lot from those process
         | engineering insights, even though it had nothing specifically
         | to do with medical/surgical domain knowledge.
         | 
         | Reference: https://www.thetimes.com/sport/formula-
         | one/article/professor...
         | 
         | Anyways, back to your main question -- I find that it helps to
         | start small... Are you someone who is good at using analogies
         | to explain concepts in one domain, to a layperson outside that
         | domain? Or even better, to use analogies that would help a
         | domain expert from domain A, to instantly recognize an
         | analogous situation or opportunity in domain B (of which they
         | are not an expert)? I personally have found a lot of benefit,
         | from both being naturally curious about learning/teaching
         | through analogies, finding the act of making analogies to be a
         | fun hobby just because, and also honing it professionally to
         | help me be useful in cross-domain contexts. I think you don't
         | need to blow this up in your head as some big grand mystery
         | with some big secret cheat code to unlock how to be a founder
         | in a domain you're not familiar with -- I think you can start
         | very small, and just practice making analogies with your
         | friends or peers, see if you can find fun ways of explaining
         | things across domains with them (either you explain to them
         | with an analogy, or they explain something to you and you try
         | to analogize it from your POV).
        
         | airstrike wrote:
         | I think if you have no domain expertise or unique insight it
         | will be quite hard to find a real pain point to solve, deliver
         | a winning solution, and have the ability to sell it.
         | 
         | Not impossible, but very hard. And starting a company is hard
         | enough as it is.
         | 
         | So 9/10 times the answer will be to partner with someone who
         | understands the space and pain point, preferably one who has
         | lived it, or find an easier problem to solve.
        
       | fallinditch wrote:
       | > ... after looking through minified code, which SUCKS to do ...
       | 
       | AI tends to be good at un-minifying code.
        
         | a_victorp wrote:
         | Legit question: when working on finding security issues, are
         | there any guidelines on what you can send to LLMs/AI?
        
           | fallinditch wrote:
           | I got downvoted, so maybe that means someone thinks un-
           | minifying code is not advised for dealing with security
           | issues? But on reflection surely you can just use the 'format
           | code' command in the ide? I am no expert but surely it's ok
           | to use AI to help track down and identify security issues
           | with the usual caveats of 'don't believe it blindly, do your
           | double checking and risk assessing.'
        
           | CER10TY wrote:
           | Personally, I'd just use common sense and good judgment. At
           | the end of the day, would you want someone to hand your
           | address, and other private data to OpenAI just like that?
           | Probably not. So don't paste customer data into it if you can
           | avoid it.
           | 
           | On the other hand, minified code is literally published by
           | the company. Everyone can see it and do with it as they
           | please. So handing that over to an AI to un-minify is not
           | really your problem, since you're not the developer working
           | on the tool internally.
        
       | yieldcrv wrote:
       | I've worked in several "agentic" roles this year alone (I'm very
       | poachable lol)
       | 
       | and otherwise well structured engineering orgs have lost their
       | goddamn minds with move fast and break things
       | 
       | because they're worried that OpenAI/Google/Meta/Amazon/Anthropic
       | will release the tool they're working on tomorrow
       | 
       | literally all of them are like this
        
       | 2ndatblackrock wrote:
       | now that's just great hacking
        
       | corry wrote:
       | "Companies often have a demo environment that is open" - huh?
       | 
       | And... Margolis allowed this open demo environment to connect to
       | their ENTIRE Box drive of millions of super sensitive documents?
       | 
       | HUH???!
       | 
       | Before you get to the terrible security practices of the vendor,
       | you have to place a massive amount of blame on the IT team of
       | Margolis for allowing the above.
       | 
       | No amount of AI hype excuses that kind of professional
       | misjudgement.
        
         | me_again wrote:
         | I don't think we have enough information to conclude exactly
         | what happened. But my read is the researcher was looking for
         | demo.filevine.com and found margolis.filevine.com instead. The
         | implication is that many other customers may have been
         | vulnerable in the same way.
        
       | etamponi wrote:
       | I don't disagree with the sentiment. But let's also be honest.
       | There is _a lot_ of improvement to be made in security software,
       | in terms of ease of use and overcomplicating things.
       | 
       | I worked at Google and then at Meta. Man, the amount of
       | "nonsense" of the ACL system was insane. I write nonsense in
       | quotes because for sure from a security point of view it all made
       | a lot of sense. But there is exactly zero chance that such a
       | system can be used in a less technical company. It took me 4
       | years to understand how it worked...
       | 
       | So I'll take this as another data point to create a startup that
       | simplifies security... Seems a lot more complicated than AI
        
       | deep_thinker26 wrote:
       | It's so great that they allowed him to publish a technical blog
       | post. I once discovered a big vulnerability in a listed consumer
       | tech company -- exposing users' private messages and also
       | allowing to impersonate any user. The company didn't allow me to
       | write a public blogpost.
        
         | qmr wrote:
         | "Allow"?
         | 
         | Go on write your blog post. Don't let your dreams be dreams.
        
           | bigmadshoe wrote:
           | Presumably they were paid for finding the bug and inn
           | accepting relinquished their right to blog about it.
        
             | hsbauauvhabzb wrote:
             | No, you relinquish the right when you agree to their TOS
             | irrespective of if they pay you.
        
               | amackera wrote:
               | TOS != law
               | 
               | They will stop letting you use the service. That's the
               | recourse for breaking the TOS.
        
               | advisedwang wrote:
               | Up until Van Buren v. United States in 2020, ToS
               | violations were sometimes prosecuted as unauthorized
               | access under the CFAA. I suspect there are other
               | jurisdictions that still do the equivalent to that.
        
         | gessha wrote:
         | Why is the control of publication in their hands and not in
         | yours? Shouldn't you be able to do whatever after disclosing it
         | responsibly?
        
           | CER10TY wrote:
           | Presumably they'll threaten to sue you and/or file a criminal
           | complaint, which can be pretty hard to deal with depending on
           | the jurisdiction. At that point you'll probably start asking
           | yourself if it's worth publishing a blog post for some
           | internet points.
        
       | hbarka wrote:
       | > November 20, 2025: I followed up to confirm the patch was in
       | place from my end, and informed them of my intention to write a
       | technical blog post.
       | 
       | Can that company tell you to cease and desist? How does the law
       | work?
        
         | me_again wrote:
         | Lawyers can and will send cease and desist letters to people
         | whether or not there is any legal basis for it. Often the
         | threat of a lawsuit, even a meritless one, is enough to keep
         | people quiet.
        
       | stanfordkid wrote:
       | I mean... in what world would you send a customers private root
       | key to a web browsing client. Like even if the user was
       | authenticated why would they need this? This sort of secret
       | shouldn't even be in an environment variable or database but
       | stored with encryption at rest. There could easily have been a
       | proxy service between client and box if the purpose is to search
       | or download files. It's very bad, even for a prototype... this
       | researcher deserves a bounty!
        
       | bzmrgonz wrote:
       | My thing is, even ingesting the BOK should have been done in
       | phases, to avoid having all your virtual eggs in one basket or
       | nest at any ONE time. Staggering tokens to these compartments
       | would not have cost them anything at all . I always say, whatever
       | convenience you enjoy yourself, will be highly appreciated by bad
       | actors... WHEN, not if.. they get thru.
        
       | badbird33 wrote:
       | You'd think with a $1B valuation they could afford a pentest
        
       | magnetowasright wrote:
       | I am at a loss for words. This wasn't a sophisticated attack.
       | 
       | I'd love to know who filevine uses for penetration testing (which
       | they do, according to their website) because holy shit, how do
       | you miss this? I mean, they list their bug bounty program under a
       | pentesting heading, so I guess it's just nice internet people.
       | 
       | It's inexcusable.
        
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