[HN Gopher] Mapping the US healthcare system's financial flows
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Mapping the US healthcare system's financial flows
        
       Author : brandonb
       Score  : 142 points
       Date   : 2025-12-03 14:42 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (healthisotherpeople.substack.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (healthisotherpeople.substack.com)
        
       | Taikonerd wrote:
       | It's a truism that America's system was never designed -- it's a
       | patchwork of different pieces that each pay for _some_ people in
       | _some_ situations.
       | 
       | But I've been reading about our system, since I fell down a
       | rabbit hole a couple years ago. Things are bad, yes, but there
       | are actually interesting ideas out there, and real efforts at
       | reform that are being tried.
       | 
       | For example, did you know Maryland has a different way of funding
       | hospitals than most other states? [0] And that other states are
       | interested in copying it?
       | 
       | [0] https://www.vox.com/policy-and-
       | politics/2020/1/22/21055118/m...
        
         | bombcar wrote:
         | A system built as a mish-mash patchwork is likely to be solved
         | by a similar "ground-up" framework.
         | 
         | Each state should be free to experiment (as Maryland has done
         | here) and the federal levels should be restricted to providing
         | funding and basic guidelines that have to be met.
         | 
         | Part of the problem is that as you begin to delve in and see
         | where the outflows are, you start to realize that fixing the
         | fundamental problem involves making _the people_ healthier in
         | general, which will rumble the very foundations of Wall Street.
        
           | jpalawaga wrote:
           | One of the great powers of federalism is not having to
           | duplicate efforts for every state. It also reduces cost by
           | allowing 'one-size-fits-all' and economies of scale, rather
           | than each state having its own bespoke whatever.
           | 
           | Many countries around the world enjoy the benefits of
           | coordinated public health departments. Part of the United
           | States' poor response to COVID was because there was no
           | central public health department that could work closely with
           | state agencies to e.g. provide data about what's going on,
           | share best clinical practices, etc. Each state is an island.
           | 
           | So no, I don't agree that the only goal of the federal
           | government should be piggy bank. States should have a lot of
           | latitude with their policies, but generally standardizing
           | things across the nation would be a net positive.
        
             | stronglikedan wrote:
             | > rather than each state having its own bespoke whatever
             | 
             | that's states' rights and it's enshrined in the
             | constitution
             | 
             | > the only goal of the federal government should be piggy
             | bank
             | 
             | that is indeed the only goal that the founders had in mind,
             | as it should be
        
             | bombcar wrote:
             | Many countries around the world are the size of US States.
             | The UK and Germany are only twice the size of California,
             | for example.
             | 
             | The problem in the US isn't that we can't _do_ things, it
             | 's that nobody can _agree_ on what to do. And to solve that
             | problem, let states do their own thing as much as we can,
             | and it 'll become obvious where the good systems are.
             | 
             | Or in other words, an argument needs to be made why the EU
             | "works" with individual "states" doing their own thing, but
             | the US cannot "work" unless it's considered as one large
             | country.
        
               | rwj wrote:
               | This analogy is quite misleading, because, in addition to
               | California, there is also Wyoming, with a population of
               | less than <600k.
        
               | emchammer wrote:
               | Scalia was right in saying that the checks and balances
               | slowing things down is a feature, not a bug. The Framers
               | were right about protections against faction. I'm not
               | sure they understood how badly malicious schemers could
               | deliberately manipulate the system. Things just aren't
               | getting done, and it is killing people.
        
               | psunavy03 wrote:
               | Half of the problem with American politics these days is
               | people from blue and red states trying to force the
               | entire country to become one giant blue state or one
               | giant red state.
               | 
               | It's too big for one-size-fits-all answers. Every state
               | should be able to largely do its own thing as long as it
               | isn't violating the Bill of Rights.
        
               | matthewdgreen wrote:
               | If you look at some of the more controversial bills being
               | passed in the states, they're also being more or less
               | lifted out of national political action committees and
               | think tanks. Extreme in-state gerrymandering (supported
               | by national party organizations) has effectively
               | nationalized big parts of state politics in those states.
        
               | psunavy03 wrote:
               | I've spent the majority of my adult life in Washington
               | State and I've witnessed this firsthand. This place used
               | to have a unique vibe that was more purplish-blue
               | "granola hippies with guns that just want to be left
               | alone." Progressivism mixed with an Old West libertarian
               | streak. There was a GOP minority, and the red east and
               | blue west played off against each other and kept things
               | reasonably center-left.
               | 
               | Now it's a one-party state, and the legislature might as
               | well be the state Parliament, taking its marching orders
               | straight from the DNC. The Governor is just as all-in on
               | drinking the blue Kool-aid, and the state Supreme Court
               | seems like it only exists to validate what the other two
               | branches decide. And looking at places like Texas and
               | Florida, seems like the same is happening on the other
               | side of the aisle.
               | 
               | What's infuriating is there are conservatives in blue
               | states and liberals in red states getting just
               | steamrolled to the point of "why should I even vote or
               | participate, when I'm just going to get told to sit down
               | and shut up?" That's not healthy for democracy. The
               | rights of the minority exist for a reason and you can't
               | just vote things away because you have 50.01 percent of
               | the vote.
        
               | Taikonerd wrote:
               | Yeah, it seems very unfair. If Party A has 60% of the
               | seats in the state legislature, and Party B has 40%, then
               | intuitively it feels like Party A should get 60% of what
               | it wants. But as you said, Party A actually gets more
               | like 100% of what it wants.
               | 
               | This is a thing where having _more parties_ would really
               | help. If there were (say) 4 parties, each with ~25% of
               | the seats, then they would have to bargain with each
               | other and form coalitions, which I think would be a
               | really healthy process for democracy.
        
               | AnthonyMouse wrote:
               | > This is a thing where having _more parties_ would
               | really help.
               | 
               | Using a "first past the post" voting system structurally
               | results in a two party system, because if there are more
               | than two viable parties then the two parties most similar
               | to each other split the vote and both lose to the third,
               | which gives the first two an overwhelming incentive to
               | merge with each other.
               | 
               | Score voting or STAR voting fixes this and allows you to
               | have multiple parties. (Avoid IRV or similar systems,
               | nearly anything is better than FPTP but if you're going
               | to do it at all then do it properly.) Any states that
               | could enact this via referendum are encouraged to do so.
        
               | goler wrote:
               | Sure, but fighting the impulse to solve problems at the
               | Federal level that could/should be solved at the State
               | level doesn't preclude individual states from building
               | multi-state solutions together.
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | More of these exist than people realize - and are a great
               | way to "latch on" to the success of another program.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _analogy is quite misleading, because, in addition to
               | California, there is also Wyoming, with a population of
               | less than <600k_
               | 
               | Wyoming has the population of Malta [1][2] but the
               | GDP/capita of the United States and Norway [3][4]. It
               | should be expected we'd have a different optimal solution
               | from California.
               | 
               | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wyoming _588,000 in
               | 2024_
               | 
               | [2] https://www.worldometers.info/world-
               | population/population-by... _545,000_
               | 
               | [3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and
               | _territ... _$90,000 in 2024_
               | 
               | [4] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GD
               | P_(nomi... _$90,000 and $92,000, respectively_
        
               | JBlue42 wrote:
               | It's the general knee-jerk reaction that's brought out
               | whenever people try and have modern ideas for the US,
               | like modern healthcare or high-speed rail. "B-but, it's
               | so big!"
        
             | Taikonerd wrote:
             | > _there was no central public health department_
             | 
             | If only we had some sort of federal Center in charge of
             | Disease Control... ;-)
             | 
             | But I agree with you that the CDC was weirdly passive
             | during COVID. You'd think it would have been their moment
             | to shine.
        
               | ambicapter wrote:
               | From what I remember, there was a LOT of resistance to
               | whatever the CDC said during Covid. Kind of a defining
               | characteristic of that time period.
        
             | giantg2 wrote:
             | "Many countries around the world enjoy the benefits of
             | coordinated public health departments."
             | 
             | Many countries around the world are the size of a single
             | state and lack the geographic diversity of the US.
        
             | triceratops wrote:
             | You said
             | 
             | > generally standardizing things across the nation would be
             | a net positive.
             | 
             | The person you replied to said
             | 
             | > federal... should be restricted to providing...basic
             | guidelines that have to be met
             | 
             | You may be closer in opinion than you realize.
             | 
             | Btw what the person you responded to described is how the
             | Canadian healthcare system - which many liberal-type
             | Americans on Reddit appear to admire - works. The federal
             | government sets standards and provides some funding. The
             | provinces implement it their own way.
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | Exactly - the key is to have _very high-level and
               | outcome-driven guidelines_ and not trying to micromanage
               | everything; that allows various methods to be tried, and
               | the best ones will start to be emulated.
               | 
               | (Another underlying reality is that the vast majority of
               | people will say education and healthcare are "very
               | important" but very few people will _move_ to improve
               | either of those - beyond going out of state for college.)
        
               | triceratops wrote:
               | > very few people will move to improve [education]
               | 
               | This is empirically false. People move to better school
               | districts or enroll their children in private schools all
               | the time. It doesn't require moving to a different state.
        
             | potato3732842 wrote:
             | >One of the great powers of federalism is not having to
             | duplicate efforts for every state. It also reduces cost by
             | allowing 'one-size-fits-all' and economies of scale, rather
             | than each state having its own bespoke whatever.
             | 
             | One of the great failings caused by federalism and those
             | who simp for it is that when a bad solution is arrived upon
             | or a solution becomes outdated immeasurable suffering is
             | caused and prolonged by not letting those states who want
             | to try and improve do so.
             | 
             | There were a dozen states who were on the precipice of
             | having this solved before the feds stuck their dick in it.
             | Remember Romneycare?
        
             | bryanlarsen wrote:
             | There's a massively underused middle ground -- instead of 1
             | or 50 different systems we could have a small N. One
             | example would be emissions standards, where N is basically
             | 2 -- the federal standard and the California standard, with
             | some states choosing to use the California standard instead
             | of the federal standard. This happens because that's their
             | only 2 choices because of weird historical events, but
             | imagine it happening by deliberate choice where the other
             | states co-operate more with California in setting the more
             | restrictive standard. States should be co-operating more
             | often.
        
               | Taikonerd wrote:
               | I really like this idea. And it lets ideas grow more
               | organically: instead of a promising pilot program in
               | (say) Maryland which then tries to go national, there can
               | be a club which grows gradually. Another state joins the
               | club in 2026, then another two in 2027, then...
        
           | nneonneo wrote:
           | Canada's public healthcare system was started in
           | Saskatchewan, one of the provinces, and rapidly copied to
           | other provinces (and later to a federal level):
           | https://www.cma.ca/healthcare-for-real/who-started-
           | canadas-u...
           | 
           | If one state can manage to make it actually work, it might be
           | enough.
        
         | doctorpangloss wrote:
         | There are already numerous and simple policy levers that
         | actually affect costs and cannot be gamed. Such as the age you
         | become eligible for Medicare. You don't have to reach for
         | anything innovative like global hospital budgets. I'm skeptical
         | of your category of reforms - you really mean, "benign-looking
         | administrative decisions," because if you're not making any
         | hard choices, you're not making reforms. I would hardly call it
         | "real efforts."
        
       | almosthere wrote:
       | So it's a jobs program
        
         | silisili wrote:
         | Not all of it, but definitely the insurance part of it IMO.
         | 
         | It's hard to get an actual number, but many say nearly 1
         | million people work in health insurance in the US. And I'm not
         | sure that even counts the people whose job it is to interface
         | with them. That's a ton of jobs(and salaries) that likely
         | wouldn't even exist in a sane system.
        
           | IAmBroom wrote:
           | > It's hard to get an actual number
           | 
           | It's tracked by the Dept of Labor.
        
             | silisili wrote:
             | It is, but under "life, medical, and health" insurance, and
             | only based on the employer not function. Any contractor
             | like say, maintenance, janitorial, cafeteria, etc for the
             | building would not be counted. People who work at hospitals
             | doing nothing but insurance related work would also not be
             | counted. That makes it hard to say definitively how many
             | jobs would actually be affected, in my opinion.
        
       | MarkusWandel wrote:
       | All the categories on the right side look perfectly reasonable.
       | However what fraction of those big categories on the right,
       | Hospitals and Physicians... that make up over half of the total,
       | is siphoned off to pay for administratium or "shareholder value"
       | and what fraction actually pays for medical care delivered?
        
         | programmertote wrote:
         | I'd really love to see the breakdown between how much we spend
         | on physicians/doctors vs. caretakers (nurses, therapists, etc.)
         | vs. how much on hospital admin and other stuff.
         | 
         | At least in UK's chart, "GP & Primary Care", "Private GP
         | Services" and "Administration" are separated. Same in Germany
         | too.
        
         | Retric wrote:
         | If by shareholder value you include insurance companies etc not
         | just the institutions themselves, it's well over half.
         | 
         | Doctor time talking to an insurance company either directly or
         | through paperwork is not actually providing any care during
         | that time. Where things go vicious is because doctors are now
         | so inefficient the time they are actually useful becomes
         | increasingly valuable driving ever more paperwork to justify
         | that time.
        
           | nradov wrote:
           | Physicians spend very little time directly dealing with
           | insurance companies. They (or their employers) hire back
           | office administrative staff for that. This is somewhat
           | wasteful and inefficient but it doesn't directly impact the
           | time that clinicians have available for patient care. Usually
           | the physicians only have to get directly involved in rare
           | peer-to-peer consults with health plans for complex cases
           | that fall outside of normal clinical practice guidelines.
        
             | Retric wrote:
             | It's the indirect time that's most at issue here, a friend
             | of mine is happy to take a significant pay cut and work at
             | the VA to avoid the hassle. It's a government institution
             | and he still feels way more productive and less stressed.
             | 
             | In private practice a physician now needs to handle extra
             | employee(s), there's often a range of software system
             | issues etc. Even in a hospital setting where other people
             | are handling most of this stuff that's a long way from zero
             | friction.
             | 
             | The insidious issue is even a 1% drop on doctor efficiency
             | gets magnified by everyone taking a cut of the transaction.
        
         | IAmBroom wrote:
         | Yes, the diagrams are deeply flawed, in that they seem to
         | suggest 100% of the money input to the system goes to
         | hospitals, hospices, healthworkers, and so on.
         | 
         | I don't see a single outcome pointed at insurance companies...
         | somehow.
        
           | yannyu wrote:
           | The article takes this on a couple times:
           | 
           | > The outcome is $4.9T - which would make it the 3rd largest
           | economy in the world, a high 8% admin costs - compared to the
           | UK's 2% admin, with medical bankruptcy still possible. We've
           | never agreed on what we value. So we built a system that
           | embodies our disagreement: employer-based coverage (market
           | choice) plus Medicare (social insurance) plus Medicaid
           | (safety net) plus exchanges (regulated markets).
           | 
           | > Decision #1: Workers pay at least twice
           | 
           | Here's the first thing that jumps out: if you work a job in
           | America (and you presumably do, to afford the internet where
           | you're reading this), you're already paying for healthcare in
           | multiple places on this chart:                   Taxes:
           | federal, state, and local taxes finance Medicare, Medicaid,
           | and various public health programs in so many places. Our
           | attempt at embedding it in single payer.
           | Payroll: if you're employed, your employer pays taxes on
           | Medicare (even though you presumably can't use it until you
           | retire at 65). This is a cost that doesn't go to your salary.
           | Insurance premiums: get deducted from your paycheck to fund
           | the employer group plans ($688B from employees alone).
           | 
           | > Could America make this choice? Technically, yes.
           | Politically, we'd need to agree that healthcare is a right we
           | owe each other, funded collectively through taxes. That would
           | mean massive tax increases, eliminating private insurance as
           | the primary system, and trusting a single federal agency.
           | 
           | The operational resistance alone would be too much: I've
           | watched hospital execs squeeze out thinning margins and payer
           | executives navigate quarterly earnings calls. We're talking
           | about unwinding a $1T+ private insurance industry,
           | reconfiguring every hospital's revenue model, and convincing
           | Americans to trust the federal government with something they
           | currently (sort of) get through their jobs. That ship didn't
           | just sail - it sank decades ago.
        
             | bombcar wrote:
             | We've unwound industries before - if we have the political
             | will we can do amazing things.
             | 
             | But the people _in_ and _using_ those industries have no
             | desire to change so anything that does happen is likely to
             | occur slowly from expansion - e.g, bringing Medicare to
             | earlier and more people, and expand children coverage, etc.
        
               | yannyu wrote:
               | I think there's some significant evidence that "users" of
               | the private healthcare industry are actually quite
               | unhappy about it. Due to some structural quirks of the
               | US, it seems like it's less about how many people are
               | happy or unhappy and more about how many dollars are
               | spent in favor or opposition of a change.
        
               | hibikir wrote:
               | Those are probably the easiest levels for simplification,
               | but I'd expect significant pushback anyway. Something
               | like start medicare at 55 would be a huge difference to
               | most providers, just due to changes in reimbursement.
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | There's always pushback - the key is to identify who will
               | push back, what their motivations are, and if you can do
               | something to "disarm" them.
        
       | velcrovan wrote:
       | Amazing, every single dollar goes to care! Not a single dollar to
       | overhead! Where are these insurance companies' profit margins
       | coming from? How do they even pay their executives' salaries? Boy
       | have I been mistaken about how inefficient the American system is
        
         | asmodeuslucifer wrote:
         | Beat me to it. This chart is only 1/2 complete. It doesn't show
         | where the money goes after hospital care, for instance.
        
           | harvey9 wrote:
           | Do you mean the breakdown of staff wages, equipment and so
           | on?
        
         | gwbas1c wrote:
         | > How do they even pay their executives' salaries?
         | 
         | I suspect less goes to executives than you think. Most of it is
         | going to pay employees in the insurance industry.
         | 
         | The irony is that they are being paid to say "no." Perhaps if
         | they instead went to work as service providers, we could get
         | more services for what we spend.
        
           | dangus wrote:
           | Healthcare executive pay is pretty darn high, more money than
           | any family needs to live comfortably.
           | 
           | Keep in mind this is just for Blue Shield California. There
           | are executives of other health insurance systems in other
           | states and regions who are making similar compensation.
           | 
           | However, I'll go ahead and say right now that I support the
           | idea of these executives being paid these salaries, but on
           | one condition: that we first achieve the goal of 100% of
           | Americans having affordable access to healthcare. Once that
           | goal is achieved, then we can start paying executives big
           | bonuses and incentives. Deal? (Yeah, right...)
           | 
           | https://www.blueshieldca.com/content/dam/bsca/en/member/docs.
           | ..
           | 
           | Below is a summary of the compensation paid in 2024 to Blue
           | Shield of California's President and Chief Executive Officer
           | (CEO), Chief Financial Officer (CFO), and top three highest
           | paid executives (other than the CEO and CFO) who were
           | employed by Blue Shield of California at year-end.
           | 
           | Paul Markovich
           | 
           | President and Chief Executive Officer
           | 
           | $11,191,674
           | 
           | Sandra Clarke
           | 
           | EVP, Chief Operating Officer
           | 
           | $5,765,368
           | 
           | Peter Long
           | 
           | EVP, Strategy and Health Solutions
           | 
           | $4,360,245
           | 
           | Lisa Davis
           | 
           | EVP, Chief Information Officer
           | 
           | $2,873,613
           | 
           | Michael Stuart
           | 
           | EVP, Chief Financial Officer
           | 
           | $2,406,837
           | 
           | Some other CEOs:
           | 
           | Cerner (EMR provider to the VA), $35 million pay package:
           | https://kffhealthnews.org/morning-breakout/cerner-to-pay-
           | new...
           | 
           | Pfizer, $24.6M pay package:
           | https://www.fiercepharma.com/pharma/rebound-year-pfizer-
           | ceo-...
           | 
           | Epic Systems is a private company, so there's no executive
           | pay information, but the founder Judy Falkner's estimated net
           | worth is $7.8 billion. Perhaps Epic could reduce the price of
           | its _very expensive_ software for providers to help ease
           | healthcare costs and maybe Judy could give up some of those
           | billions and not notice any difference in her quality of
           | life?
        
             | wmfiv wrote:
             | BCBS CA revenue is approximately $25B. The total of above
             | is $25.6M. That's 0.1%.
             | 
             | You may view those salaries as appropriate for leading
             | companies of this size or immoral and outrageous. But
             | either way executive comp is not the big problem with US
             | healthcare costs.
        
               | dangus wrote:
               | $14,570 per person is our healthcare cost per capita.
               | 
               | For one thing, cutting out even that tiny 0.1%, that's a
               | savings of $15 a year if I wasn't paying my insurance
               | company's CEO. I would absolutely love to keep that $15.
               | The idea that more than one dollar every single month
               | from every single person is going to the CEOs of all our
               | healthcare services is actually INSANE when you think
               | about it.
               | 
               | 0.1% is actually a LOW amount for some entities in the
               | system. For example, the Cleveland Clinic spends 0.4% of
               | revenue on executive compensation: https://projects.propu
               | blica.org/nonprofits/organizations/340...
               | 
               | That really means that out of my $14,570 yearly
               | healthcare cost I could be paying something like $5/month
               | just on executive salary. Who knows, maybe it's even
               | more!
               | 
               | This is, again, insane. Why do Cleveland Clinic
               | executives need to be paid $30 million/year?
               | 
               | This isn't administrative cost, like all the hard-working
               | people who do the clerical work that keeps these systems
               | operating. This is _just_ the salaries of an extremely
               | small group of people, less than 10 people per company.
               | 
               | All of these entities are allowed to make excess profit
               | and/or have loose definitions of non-profit status, and
               | pay CEOs dozens to hundreds of times the salary of their
               | lowest paid employees. There isn't really a limit to the
               | amount they can compensate top executives.
        
               | systemtest wrote:
               | > Why do Cleveland Clinic executives need to be paid $30
               | million/year?
               | 
               | So they can hire bodyguards?
        
             | SpicyLemonZest wrote:
             | Blue Shield of California has 4.5 million plan members, so
             | all of these executive salaries combined add up to 49 cents
             | per member per month. It's not a significant factor in
             | premium costs.
        
               | dangus wrote:
               | I think that's highly significant. Keep in mind that
               | that's only one provider in the system. You've also got
               | to pay the executive salaries of your hospital system,
               | your pharmacy chain, your drug company, medical equipment
               | company, etc.
               | 
               | If we figure that every company involved in your
               | $15k/year healthcare cost is paying 0.1-0.5% of their
               | revenue to executive compensation (Cleveland Clinic as a
               | random example pays 0.4% of revenue to the executives,
               | $30 million) then we are talking about a small streaming
               | video subscription worth of cost just which is allocated
               | not on paying a productive group of administrators to
               | keep the lights on, but instead paying excess incentives
               | to an extremely small group of people.
               | 
               | In reality, if CEO compensation was capped to something
               | reasonable like $500,000/year or 10x the pay of the
               | lowest paid employee, there would still be CEOs and the
               | quality of CEOs would not decline because it would still
               | be the highest paid job on the market. Everyone involved
               | in our economy would be just that much richer if the
               | wealth wasn't getting unnecessarily concentrated.
        
               | SpicyLemonZest wrote:
               | $500,000 is a lot of money, I don't want to minimize
               | that, but it would not be the highest paid job on the
               | market. There's a number of roles in medicine, law,
               | finance, and nowadays software that pay more for fewer
               | managerial duties. There really isn't much room to argue
               | for cutting executive pay without arguing that it's
               | unimportant to get the best people in executive roles.
               | 
               | And that's an argument you can certainly have, but it
               | seems strange to make it a precondition to fixing the
               | healthcare system, when cutting executive pay would
               | resolve only a small fraction of the problem.
        
               | _DeadFred_ wrote:
               | Sweet. Let's charge 49 cents per million dollars of
               | unrealized capital gains per month, it's not significant
               | and less of a burden than 49 cents per month for
               | healthcare.
        
               | SpicyLemonZest wrote:
               | I don't understand what connection you're trying to draw
               | here. Why would we set the rate for a new tax based on
               | the per-subscriber compensation of Blue Shield
               | California's executives?
        
               | adolph wrote:
               | > Let's charge 49 cents per million dollars of unrealized
               | capital gains per month
               | 
               | Uh, Blue Shield of California is a nonprofit mutual
               | benefit corporation. There are no "unrealized capital
               | gains."
        
             | quantumwoke wrote:
             | I think this summary is reductive, because it ignores the
             | surprisingly dense layers of middle management in hospitals
             | and clinics that are paid more than the medical
             | professionals (and even that ignores external middle
             | managers like PBMs etc).
        
             | amanaplanacanal wrote:
             | One thing to note: blue shield of California is a non-
             | profit. So no money is going to shareholders.
        
             | philipallstar wrote:
             | There's no point using this issue to gossip about these
             | people's salaries. Their salaries don't scale, and so don't
             | matter. Scaling costs matter.
        
             | IncreasePosts wrote:
             | That's pretty pathetic pay when we have run of the mill
             | employees(ie non-founders) like Sundar and Satya becoming
             | billionaires from their pay packages.
        
           | HDThoreaun wrote:
           | Absolutely not. Over use of service is already one of the
           | bigger problems in US healthcare. We need more death panels,
           | not less.
        
             | ch4s3 wrote:
             | I'm loathe to agree here, but you are highlighting a point
             | that people miss about other OECD countries. Many very
             | expensive treatments available in the US are covered by
             | insurance (to a point) but are simply unavailable in the
             | UK, Japan, or France. In the US a tremendous amount of
             | money is spent to extend lives by a few scant months at a
             | very low quality of life.
        
               | HDThoreaun wrote:
               | End of life is the biggest problem with over use but it's
               | not limited to that. In the US literally everyone who
               | shows up at the emergency room talking about chest pain
               | gets an expensive ct scan even if theres effectively no
               | chance of it catching anything. Procedures that have been
               | shown in studies to not work are still prescribed,
               | because why not/lobbying groups of the doctors that
               | perform them whine loudly enough. At no point is anyone
               | in the system trying to save money, so costs just grow
               | and grow and grow.
               | 
               | I think about the fact that everyone in the hospital gets
               | a private room a lot. Having a private room does not
               | increase health outcomes at all, but it costs an absolute
               | ton of money. It does increase satisfaction so it should
               | be available, but hospital users should be able to choose
               | shared rooms and get a portion of the savings they create
               | but this just isnt possible in the US because of the
               | incentives we've created.
        
         | redmattred wrote:
         | > Where are these insurance companies' profit margins coming
         | from?
         | 
         | Vertical integration.
         | 
         | UnitedHealthcare's (Larger insurance company in the US) profits
         | are effectively limited by the Medical Loss Ratio rules from
         | the Affordable Care Act.
         | 
         | But they are owned by UnitedHealth Group, which also owns
         | OptumHealth (the largest network of physicians in the US),
         | OptumRx (pharmacies), and OptumInsight (technology consulting,
         | which goes into the COGS for UnitedHealthcare). This is where
         | they make their profits.
         | 
         | UHG controls which physicians + pharmacies are in their network
         | and what their negotiated rates for many services are (the
         | exception being medicare + medicaid).
         | 
         | Here's a write up on their strategy:
         | https://www.unionhealthcareinsight.com/post/unitedhealth-gro...
         | 
         | And an infographic that breaks it down:
         | https://static.wixstatic.com/media/be1b8b_b0d4ebb04ce04b44a3...
        
         | riku_iki wrote:
         | > Amazing, every single dollar goes to care! Not a single
         | dollar to overhead! Where are these insurance companies' profit
         | margins coming from?
         | 
         | they kinda have it on chart but without overhead numbers:
         | insurance collects 1T of payments, than for business segments,
         | they pay around 60% of that as medical expenses, and for
         | individual plans it is more like 40% of medical expenses,
         | meaning for individual plans insurance corps have 60% profit
         | margin.
        
       | IAmBroom wrote:
       | "A Fairytale Map of Every Dollar of America's $5T Healthcare
       | System" is the complete, accurate title.
       | 
       | Is this funded by an insurance company?
        
         | Thrymr wrote:
         | The author calls himself a "Real Estate Novelist and recovering
         | healthcare consultant" (https://substack.com/@andrewtsang).
        
           | IAmBroom wrote:
           | Ah, so it's fiction?
        
           | SoftTalker wrote:
           | Did he ever have time for a wife?
        
         | nycticorax wrote:
         | It would help if you would say what exactly you think is wrong
         | with it.
        
       | bombcar wrote:
       | Here's an idea. If other countries can provide healthcare for
       | much less per patient, _why can 't they sell that to Americans_?
       | 
       | In other words, allow US citizens to "opt out" of the US
       | healthcare system and participate in the German one? You'd have
       | to make some allowances for replacing taxes with costs, billing,
       | and allow "German" healthcare to operate in the US ...
        
         | watwut wrote:
         | Healthcare insurance works when everyone including currently
         | healthy people participate. What would happen is only Americans
         | needing an expensive healthcare signing in.
        
         | piva00 wrote:
         | The systems are so different there's no product to sell, it's a
         | whole system of healthcare that permeates through society...
         | You can't sell a national-level system of healthcare as a
         | product, it's done through policy.
        
         | systemtest wrote:
         | I don't think US doctors will want to work for German pay.
        
           | bombcar wrote:
           | That's why you let German doctors work for German++ pay ;).
        
           | conception wrote:
           | Resident salary: approx. EUR 60,000 - 75,000 Specialist
           | salary: approx. 75,000 EUR - 98,000 Senior physician salary:
           | approx. EUR 90,000 - EUR 150,000 Chief physician salary:
           | approx. EUR 150,000 - EUR 370,000
           | 
           | Seems fine? Especially if you subtract a substantial amount
           | of benefits fringe.
        
             | sxg wrote:
             | Are you comparing residents to specialists? They're not at
             | all comparable. Residents in the US are typically within
             | 3-7 years of graduating med school and are not able to
             | practice independently. Specialists have typically finished
             | 6-9 years of training after graduating medical school and
             | are independent practitioners.
             | 
             | Source: am a US physician.
        
             | selectodude wrote:
             | Sure it's fine. It's also a significant pay cut for almost
             | every American doctor.
             | 
             | Normal specialists in the US out-earn chief physicians in
             | Germany by hundreds of thousands of dollars. All the fringe
             | benefits in the world aren't gonna buy you a new boat.
        
             | rr808 wrote:
             | US doctors earn that every 12 weeks.
        
               | 91bananas wrote:
               | Time for a change.
        
             | IAmBroom wrote:
             | "Seems fine?" isn't a very solid argument.
        
             | HDThoreaun wrote:
             | doctors in the US would strike if you tried to force these
             | wages on them
        
         | hibikir wrote:
         | Basically every bit of the current system, from how much people
         | are paid to how a hospital looks like, is a side effect of the
         | way we pay for healthcare, and the way we decide which provider
         | to select. So we cannot just wave a magic wand and get the
         | German system, as a whole lot of capital decisions are now just
         | straight out wrong.
         | 
         | We see similar things in education. People wonder how many
         | European systems are cheaper than US universities: Well, it's
         | very easy to see once you attend a university in Spain and then
         | one in the US. The shape of the university, from facilities to
         | salaries to class sizes, make them look like completely
         | different organisms, even though 18 year olds come in from one
         | side and come out with degrees in the other. And note that this
         | is also connected to healthcare: How many doctors do we train,
         | or bring in from other countries? How many years do they spend
         | training, and how much debt do they incur getting training? How
         | much are they going to ask in pay just to handle that debt?
         | 
         | Changing the US system is a very good idea, but the changes
         | would be very traumatic to most people working for the system,
         | or invested in the system. All of them would lobby against
         | changes that make their lives worse, and therefore makes
         | legislature that makes the change happen very difficult to
         | pass.
        
       | jimt1234 wrote:
       | The healthcare system in the US is, indeed, the best...if you're
       | rich. If you're _not_ rich, you 're gonna spend a lot of time on
       | the phone, arguing with bureaucrats and getting treated like
       | shit.
       | 
       | A friend of mine is rich. We both have a health insurance plan
       | from UnitedHealthcare. His experience is radically different from
       | mine. He can make a phone call, and actually talk to his doctor
       | within a few minutes. He can see his doctor the same day he asks
       | to. He talks to one person who manages all the BS for him.
        
         | systemtest wrote:
         | > If you're not rich, you're gonna spend a lot of time on the
         | phone, arguing with bureaucrats and getting treated like shit
         | 
         | Sounds a lot like the Spanish healthcare system.
        
         | IAmBroom wrote:
         | > The healthcare system in the US is, indeed, the best...if
         | you're rich.
         | 
         | Actually, the data doesn't even support that notion for the
         | rich. But then, they can opt to fly to a specialist...
        
       | dbg31415 wrote:
       | Where are salaries? Where are administration overhead? Where are
       | insurance company profits and dividends coming from?
       | 
       | This whole thing loses all credibility by not listing those
       | things.
        
       | jimt1234 wrote:
       | If we're gonna stick with private insurance in the US, we should
       | detach it from employment. The current system has created a
       | society of indentured servants, not for money, but for "health
       | insurance". The current system is expensive for employers that
       | are often mandated to provide health insurance plans. And it
       | forces people to work for something they have little or no
       | control over.
       | 
       | When you work for money, you can do whatever you want with the
       | money once you've earned it. But being compensated with "health
       | insurance", you've got almost no control over it; you get what
       | the company gives you - and btw, you can't purchase the same
       | thing on your own, with your own money (way too expensive for
       | most middle-class folks).
       | 
       | Detach health insurance from employment. Open "health insurance
       | plans" to the free market, just like auto insurance. Free
       | employers from all the administrative overhead of managing health
       | insurance for employees (the stock market will love it!) And let
       | health insurance companies work for their actual customers
       | (health care patients!)
       | 
       | Or, just open Medicare to all.
        
       | srameshc wrote:
       | One of the best explanations I have ever read about American
       | Healthcare. Even after such good infographic it is still hard to
       | comprehend such complexity.
       | 
       | > The $441B in prescription drugs - the story of incentivizing
       | American innovation over price controls.
       | 
       | This itself speaks for how messedup the entire design is.
        
         | lvl155 wrote:
         | It actually doesn't incentivize innovation. That's the biggest
         | scam in healthcare. If it actually led to innovations and
         | notable uptick in quality, other countries would have done the
         | same. The whole argument is so flawed it makes my brain hurt.
        
           | srameshc wrote:
           | I think the author seems to be using sarcasm when he said
           | innovation.
        
           | nradov wrote:
           | How is the argument flawed? On average the USA has more
           | innovation than any other major country in pharmaceuticals in
           | terms of new drugs per capita per year.
        
       | daft_pink wrote:
       | I wish they had this per capita in each country, so we could
       | compare them.
        
       | jmpman wrote:
       | I'm concerned with anyone proposing "Medicare for all" in
       | America, because they all state - for doctors who want to stay
       | out of the system, they can be paid directly... that immediately
       | causes a slightly different 2 tier system. Right now our 2 tier
       | system is the 90% with health insurance and the 10% without
       | health insurance. In the new Medicare for all, it will be the
       | 99.9% on government insurance, and the 0.1% - the ultra wealthy -
       | who dominate tax policy and are heavily financially incentivized
       | to reduce their tax contributions to the public system. They will
       | influence politicians to spend less on healthcare, with no impact
       | to their health outcomes. The only system which will work in the
       | US is one in which the ultra wealthy have an incentive to provide
       | funding to the public system, and that seems like you'd need to
       | force them to be on the public system too.
        
         | PieTime wrote:
         | This is precisely what allows for the NHS to be cannibalized.
         | They underfunded one of the best systems of healthcare and
         | replaced it with private care for ultra wealthy while reducing
         | quality of care for vast majority of people.
        
           | harvey9 wrote:
           | Private care has been available in Britain throughout the
           | history of the NHS and is available to people far below the
           | 'ultra wealthy' strata. Don't ruin a valid point with
           | hyperbole.
        
         | cj wrote:
         | > The only system which will work in the US is one in which the
         | ultra wealthy have an incentive to provide funding to the
         | public system, and that seems like you'd need to force them to
         | be on the public system too.
         | 
         | In my state, I pay $15k/year in school taxes, yet I have no
         | children. I pay $1000/year in property taxes to support my
         | city's library, yet I don't have a library card. People are
         | taxed for lots of things they don't actually benefit from. I
         | don't think we would need to force rich people to use the
         | plans. If they want to buy medical services from private
         | doctors, sure we can let them.
         | 
         | The issue then becomes more about allocation of resources (how
         | many doctors are available to be seen on the public system vs.
         | only available to self-pay customers) rather than the issue
         | being about how to collect taxes.
        
           | teachrdan wrote:
           | This may be small potatoes, but I've heard it said that
           | people like you benefit "by not living in a state full of
           | dumbasses." There's definitely an indirect benefit from these
           | payments.
        
             | cj wrote:
             | Exactly, same with health insurance! I'm less likely to get
             | sick if everyone around me has access to doctors when they
             | get sick.
             | 
             | (I personally don't mind subsidizing my library + local
             | school district... good schools and libraries are good for
             | the community)
        
               | smileysteve wrote:
               | Not only are you less likely to get sick,
               | 
               | You're less likely to see sick people.
               | 
               | Healthy people are more productive (you'll have better
               | businesses)
               | 
               | Healthy people are nicer (especially if we consider
               | mental health, and then violence)
               | 
               | Healthy people use the ER less.
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | Be careful what you wish for. Having health insurance
               | doesn't equate to having access to care. Especially in
               | the mental health space, fewer and fewer providers will
               | even accept new patients on government-sponsored health
               | plans due to low rates.
               | 
               | https://www.wsj.com/health/healthcare/medicaid-insurers-
               | doct...
        
               | folkhack wrote:
               | > (I personally don't mind subsidizing my library + local
               | school district... good schools and libraries are good
               | for the community)
               | 
               | Just sharing random coffee break thoughts... it always
               | blows my mind is how many people _don't_ think like this.
               | When base conditions improve for society, the conditions
               | improve for _everyone_ regardless if they directly
               | benefit you.
               | 
               | I'm also in the boat where I don't have kids, but I'd
               | also like to live in a place that has educated people -
               | so schools make perfect sense to me. Heck, even if I
               | didn't benefit from it, providing children education is
               | just the gosh-darn right thing to do.
        
               | themanmaran wrote:
               | > how many people _don't_ think like this
               | 
               | It's just lack of trust. It's not that people want a
               | worse community, it's that they have a hard time
               | believing that taking extra money from their paycheck
               | will create a better community.
               | 
               | Part of it is real; seeing massive amounts of state/local
               | government waste and corruption makes it feel safer to
               | keep your extra dollars instead of giving them away.
               | 
               | Part of it is difficulty evaluating timelines; more tax
               | dollars for a better elementary school to be built in 3
               | years and to yield higher educated people 18 years from
               | now it a lot to bet on.
        
               | mef wrote:
               | IMO it's because there's both benefit and
               | waste/corruption in these kinds of social benefit
               | structures. some people choose to only see one or the
               | other:
               | 
               | "these benefit everyone including those who don't use
               | them directly! how could you be against it?"
               | 
               | "this money that I'm having to pay is either overpaid to
               | corrupt vendors, or just straight wasted, why would we
               | ever want to increase how much we're paying into this
               | system?"
               | 
               | in reality you can't have one without the other. it's up
               | to each person to decide whether they can take the bad
               | with the good
        
               | Projectiboga wrote:
               | Yes, universal health will start saving money even during
               | the first transition year. We spend almost 1/3 or more of
               | those total health dollars on billing administration.
               | That amount surpasses the uninsured number. And the
               | reality is if we can get medical care during the daytime,
               | eventually emergency rooms might get less hectic. My hope
               | is that more days than not ER personell have to pass the
               | time like at a Firehouse.
        
             | charcircuit wrote:
             | That would require that the more tax money the school
             | system gets the smarter the students will be. Every time I
             | see a bill for increasing school taxes their justification
             | is not for improving education quality, but for some other
             | pet project they want to do.
        
           | 0ckpuppet wrote:
           | you can either build good schools or good jails, so
           | contributing to your schools is contributing to your town
           | infrastructure.
        
             | cwmoore wrote:
             | There are no good jails.
        
               | sharts wrote:
               | School is jail
        
               | cwmoore wrote:
               | So is some healthcare.
        
         | apercu wrote:
         | Every western country that has a single payer system as far as
         | I know allows for private clinics, doctors and labs.
         | 
         | I spent 18 years in Canada. The healthcare I got was as good as
         | anything I received in America (in both cases it depends on
         | where you live, unfortunately) and looking ahead to 2026 was
         | cheaper (comparing my tax burden in Ontario to the terrible
         | insurance I can afford for 2026 in America).
        
           | nradov wrote:
           | Healthcare quality and access varies widely between Canadian
           | provinces. It's common for affluent Canadians to come to the
           | USA as medical tourists and pay out of pocket for elective
           | procedures like MRI scans or joint replacement surgeries due
           | to excessive waiting times at home. There are advantages to
           | the Canadian system but some clear downsides as well.
        
         | jjtheblunt wrote:
         | > is the 90% with health insurance and the 10% without health
         | insurance
         | 
         | it's even more complicated, because you can have insurance
         | fully accepted at one clinic and "not contracted" with a
         | different clinic. it's a total mess.
        
         | rr808 wrote:
         | That's the same as most countries then.
        
         | matthewdgreen wrote:
         | You're never going to make a system that prevents the ultra-
         | wealthy from augmenting it with private services. You might,
         | however, reduce the power of the ultra-wealthy.
        
         | sharts wrote:
         | All of that applies to military spending, highways, schools,
         | etc.
         | 
         | Does that mean we can't have these things unless the wealthy
         | want them?
        
       | notepad0x90 wrote:
       | Insurance == Social Disease
       | 
       | There is a healthy concept of insurance where people pay to hedge
       | against potential risk, and that's all fine and good. But one of
       | the most insidious social diseases is mandatory insurance, or
       | industries expecting individuals to insure themselves in any
       | capacity whatsoever.
       | 
       | It is never ok for a business (or government) to offer a service
       | that comes with risks, but then ask their customers/subjects to
       | insure themselves for the risk to the business/government.
       | 
       | If I am charging people $100 for a service, then I ask them to
       | insure themselves and everyone reliably insures themselves (the
       | majority at least), they can still afford to pay my me $100, so
       | why don't i just raise the cost to $100+$10000 where $10000 is
       | the maximum the insurance will pay? You see the problem right,
       | all the insurance achieved is the increase in prices, people
       | still pay the same, you just now have a middle-man economy
       | sucking up all the wealth/value people are generating.
       | 
       | If we could all agree on one thing, I wish it would be this. No
       | more mandatory insurance in any context. Not fire, not flood, not
       | health, not cars. Optional is fine, people who can afford it can
       | hedge against the risk. But a bank shouldn't require fire
       | insurance on mortgaged homes.
       | 
       | Businesses must eat the cost of doing business, in the end the
       | price increase they impose will be less than the price increase
       | of insurance mandates. That, or greed should be a felony (not
       | happening).
       | 
       | For health insurance, it should be a simple subsidy for those who
       | can't pay out of pocket. Some industries must be regulated, even
       | in a capitalist free-market country. Health care, prisons, law
       | enforcement, defense contractors, banks to name a few. Regulated
       | as in centrally price-controlled.
       | 
       | For uninsured people that get sick, house burns down, car
       | accident,etc... the government (for health care) or businesses
       | convert the cost to debt. Same as when someone takes out a
       | mortgage and refuses to pay at some point, or refuses to pay
       | their car notes.
       | 
       | It's like we have had this 50+ year running experiment, it's
       | failing really badly and everyone is coming up with ideas that
       | don't involve scraping the experiment, just modifying it and
       | waiting a bit longer to see if it works out.
        
         | coredog64 wrote:
         | > For health insurance, it should be a simple subsidy for those
         | who can't pay out of pocket. Some industries must be regulated,
         | even in a capitalist free-market country. Health care, prisons,
         | law enforcement, defense contractors, banks to name a few.
         | Regulated as in centrally price-controlled.
         | 
         | Maybe not now, but 10-ish years ago that was the French system.
         | Very poor people get outpatient care that is free at the point
         | of service. Everyone else gets highly regulated private
         | insurance with a strong market component. Emergent/inpatient
         | care is provided by hospitals that aren't part of the insurance
         | system.
         | 
         | There are definitely some trade-offs there, but I wouldn't be
         | opposed to such a system in the US.
        
           | notepad0x90 wrote:
           | States should do their own trade-off calculation maybe, but
           | at the federal level the policy makes sense.
        
         | cookingmyserver wrote:
         | > so why don't i just raise the cost to $100+$10000 where
         | $10000 is the maximum the insurance will pay?
         | 
         | Theoretically because you are not the sole provider offering
         | that service and the patient could go elsewhere, or in this
         | case, the insurance company would require the patient to go
         | elsewhere. Obviously, this sucks absolute donkey balls and
         | health care will always involve a healthy dose of "I can't just
         | shop around for where to get help for a heart attack".
         | 
         | In my naive opinion banning discriminatory pricing (no special
         | negotiated insurance pricing), the sale of medical debt, and
         | counting bill forgiveness as tax deductible charity would be a
         | good start. With the absolute technical and capital-intensive
         | marvel that is modern health care I just don't see anyone being
         | able to reasonably get away with no insurance. Maybe there is a
         | mandated co-insurance for all plans that could be covered by
         | HSA accounts that everyone would get access to. That way there
         | is a cost that is transparent to the patient that scales. At
         | that point though I would just go to single payer.
         | 
         | (Rant incoming) Another thing that might need to happen is
         | billing caps based off of certain outcomes. Especially in the
         | emergency medicine realm. If you go to the emergency room and
         | rack up a huge bill for something simple there should be a cap
         | on the amount the hospital can actually recover. All I see is
         | (rightfully) constant bitching and moaning from ER staff that
         | people should be going to primary care or urgent care for
         | issues which are less resource intensive and cheaper. The issue
         | is the ER could provide those same services for just as cheap.
         | Build out those same capabilities in or near the ER. The triage
         | nurse can then send those low priority patients to the facility
         | right down the hall. The issue is hospital admins have no
         | incentive to do that, because as you said, why bill $200 when
         | you can bill a minimum of $2,000 when you have your patient
         | captive.
         | 
         | I also think it is silly we ask people to self-triage. It
         | externalizes a lot of the costs to other parts of society. I
         | can attest to this from the constant Volunteer Fire Department
         | air-raid sirens I hear followed by a "EMS to Well Now Urgent
         | Care for Patient in Distress". I'm sure the volleys love having
         | their evening interrupted when it could have been a simple walk
         | down an aisle.
        
           | notepad0x90 wrote:
           | so long as insurances are the "single payer" the problem will
           | never go away. The single payer should either be individuals
           | or the government (by mandate).
        
           | LorenPechtel wrote:
           | Absolutely agree on the negotiated price bit. That is the
           | root of an awful lot of evil.
           | 
           | I have no problem with the sale of medical debt--what's
           | needed is sanity in the debt collection business. Combined
           | with making one-party record the law of the land--you're
           | automatically free to record telephone calls without notice.
           | 
           | Bill forgiveness as charity? No, that's counting twice. They
           | didn't collect the debt in the first place, there is no
           | profit to be taxed and thus you are deducting $0.
           | 
           | ER: Two problems here.
           | 
           | ERs are mandated to stabilize a patient, urgent cares are
           | not. Thus you see people in ERs with situations that could be
           | handled in an urgent care because the urgent care rejects
           | them for unpaid bills. And the ER can't provide those
           | services just as cheap--a big part of what you're paying for
           | in the ER is potential even if it's not actually used. The
           | freestanding radiologist books their machines as solid as can
           | be done without too much friction. The ER needs the same
           | machines but needs them available NOW. I've been in an urgent
           | care over a kidney stone--they had a CAT manned and ready to
           | go at 3am (the only urgent care in town even open at those
           | hours even before you consider the machines--every ER needs
           | those machines 24/7.) CATs don't cost much to run, the main
           | cost is the machine and personnel time (operator and
           | radiologist) and that's incurred whether it's doing anything
           | useful or not. (And then the urgent care punted anyway. Yeah,
           | you're right, stone, we can't deal with it, go over to the
           | ER.)
           | 
           | I will also say that transport isn't always as simple as you
           | make it out to be. Consider that stone I just mentioned--the
           | ER was half a mile away, trivial under normal conditions.
           | Even under those conditions I could have *slowly* walked it--
           | except there was a major street in the way and I most
           | definitely did not want to cross that. Is a taxi going to
           | take the call? No. Call a friend/rideshare/ambulance.
        
             | cookingmyserver wrote:
             | RE medical debt sale - if you have the ability to just sell
             | debt easily instead of having to go through the process of
             | trying to collect it you are not incentivized to charge
             | reasonable prices as you can overcharge and then be
             | perfectly fine collecting much less (but still above your
             | costs) via selling it to a third party. Any debt that is
             | incurred forcibly or as a matter of health of the debtor
             | should not be able to be moved around. The hospital should
             | have some skin in the game.
             | 
             | Bill forgiveness doesn't necessarily target the for-profit
             | hospitals. Not talking about debt discharge. It actually
             | probably isn't even the right term. Essentially what
             | shouldn't be allowed is non-profit hospitals counting
             | discounts for low-income individuals as charity performed
             | by hospital. The value of the charity shouldn't be sticker
             | price but actual cost of services. Maybe that is already
             | the case, but what I hear from randoms suggest that is why
             | some hospitals are happy to "work" with you on your bill. I
             | shouldn't have included "tax-deductible" in there, this is
             | more about maintaining non-profit status.
             | 
             | RE ER. I don't see how keeping the ER and Urgent Care
             | separate matters. In a combined system you would still have
             | two sets of doctors, two sets of CAT scan machines and
             | operators and radiologists, okay maybe not separate but the
             | capacity for both (an appropriately reserved). In the
             | current system you actually have more overhead from having
             | a whole separate billing system, HR, building, landscaping,
             | etc. Yes, the ER still needs to stabilize a patient whether
             | they can pay or not but that becomes *cheaper* when you
             | have a whole other pipeline to send them to. You aren't
             | engaging a highly paid ER doctor and set of ER nurses to
             | prescribe antibiotics to the homeless person that just came
             | in. You can have the RN, or an internal medicine doctor do
             | it instead in the area down the hall. If at any point that
             | homeless person starts to code or the RN/Internal Med doc
             | identifies something concerning, they can get them over to
             | the ER. But again, if you are the hospital why would you do
             | this? You can take in that homeless patient and charge them
             | big money for some antibiotics and hopefully get reimbursed
             | by the government. It's not like the hospital would even
             | lose money on it, you would still charge for the urgent
             | care services, just at the reduced reasonable price it
             | takes to provide them plus a little more. Heck, I'm sure
             | that an urgent care wing incorporated into an ER would beat
             | any standalone urgent care in the business sense, you've
             | generally got a whole waiting room full of prospective
             | customers.. but alas.. you would cannibalize your ER
             | "sales".
             | 
             | And if that cannibalization of ER sales would leave the ER
             | unprofitable, then raise your prices! I don't think any
             | reasonable person would be mad if you charged what it
             | actually costs to provide lifesaving care. Insurance
             | companies would be okay with paying real costs for the
             | fewer cases of legitimate emergencies if they know that the
             | much more common cases of people going to the ER for more
             | minor things would be much cheaper. I would posit that with
             | urgent care support you would need less ER capacity as you
             | wouldn't have it filled up with non-emergent cases.
             | 
             | And yeah, it would be ideal to have them in the same
             | building close together. Retrofitting would be hard or
             | impossible. It would mostly be for new hospitals going
             | forward. It all boils down to designing hospitals to be the
             | most efficient as possible at providing care to patients,
             | not efficiency on generating the most profits.
        
       | lvl155 wrote:
       | You can go one step further and make this a time-series. Costs
       | skyrocketing. Quality of care actually going down across the
       | country but especially in rural settings. Provider satisfaction
       | plummeting. No one is happy...except greedy executives and
       | shareholders.
        
         | warkdarrior wrote:
         | > No one is happy...except greedy executives and shareholders.
         | 
         | It is a fairly effective system to extract money from customers
         | (patients) while also ensuring that patients do not use too
         | many services (afaik, US population has shorter life spans than
         | rest of Western world).
        
       | lenerdenator wrote:
       | I'd be more interested in how much of that $5 trillion finds its
       | way to shareholders.
       | 
       | Most people generally don't have a problem with the idea of being
       | charged a fee for a healthcare service. They have a problem with
       | a system that grossly inflates that fee so that people who had
       | nothing to do with the service get paid at the expense of people
       | who are ill or injured. And of course, with the people in the
       | system who are heavily incentivized to make sure that those dead-
       | weight actors get as much money as possible.
        
       | gwbas1c wrote:
       | > So what does the US value?
       | 
       | Every time we (the US) try to fix / change anything, a bunch of
       | wonks with irrational arguments whine and complain until they get
       | their way. The initiative fails, and we don't fix / change
       | anything.
       | 
       | In short, we value letting irrational sabotage any form policy
       | making; _because we don 't exclude people who negotiate in bad
       | faith._
        
         | 7952 wrote:
         | Or people are acting in good faith (generally) but want to
         | avoid being accountable for something deeply serious. You end
         | up with a web that neatly prevents anyone really being held
         | responsible for anything. In an industry that was supposed to
         | be vocational and treat its duty as sacred.
        
       | phkahler wrote:
       | One large thing missing. Where is the flow to insurance company
       | profit, and provider profit?
        
       | EcommerceFlow wrote:
       | The more free market an industry/service, the more efficient the
       | outcome.
       | 
       | Why do people readily accept this for everything else, but don't
       | see the reality in regards to healthcare?
        
         | postflopclarity wrote:
         | the more competitive, orderly, and fair market, the more
         | efficient the outcome
         | 
         | that is _not_ synonymous with "absent of regulation."
         | 
         | market failures exist, believe it or not.
        
         | michael_michael wrote:
         | Assuming we take the statement "more free market equals more
         | efficient outcome" as always and absolutely true, it raises the
         | question: Are the healthcare-related needs of a society aligned
         | with the most efficient outcome that a free market can deliver?
         | I don't think they necessarily are.
        
         | paddleon wrote:
         | Could you please define "efficient"?
         | 
         | and also "free market"?
         | 
         | oh, and just for fun, also define "outcome"
        
         | LorenPechtel wrote:
         | 1) Some people have more expensive problems than others. The
         | average person can't realistically budget for big things.
         | 
         | 2) The "efficient" option is to let the big problems die.
        
       | siliconc0w wrote:
       | The problems and solutions are all well documented. Like the
       | article mentions, there are many existence proofs of cheaper more
       | effective systems. The real problem is the legalized bribery that
       | prevents any action and the current media environment that pushes
       | people to consume partisan rage slop so we don't hold mediocre
       | politicians accountable.
        
       | waffletower wrote:
       | Taken together, as Andrew Tsang (too) beautifully depicts, the
       | United States Healthcare system is arguably the largest
       | bureaucracy on planet Earth. Larger in employees and collective
       | spending than any effective bureaucracies in India or China.
        
       | LorenPechtel wrote:
       | This chart breaks it down by spending, it does nothing about
       | determining the effectiveness of said spending. How much actual
       | care per $ spent?
       | 
       | I've been on a mock jury for a personal injury lawsuit--and it
       | was obvious to a couple of us that the smoking gun presented by
       | the defense clearly showed she was running up the bill on
       | something minor. We were pointing out the problem--did that sway
       | the majority? No. The general opinion seemed to be she was owed
       | something for what had happened--and they had failed on the voir
       | dire, they asked about my background, didn't ask anything about
       | family. Oops--I knew it would end up all going to the lawyer and
       | doctors, nothing to her (the proposed amount was less than the
       | bills she had run up.) I played it fair and didn't speak up about
       | what would happen.
       | 
       | And all the national systems have a fox guarding the henhouse
       | problem. Provide proper treatment for the expensive stuff or
       | lower the standards? So long as you make a sufficient portion of
       | the electorate think you're doing a good job the reality is the
       | standards get lowered. And cook the books in pretending it's
       | fair. (Two examples that come to mind: Including "fairness" in
       | the measure of health system quality--automatic selection for
       | UHC, and comparing infant mortality (they admitted the comparison
       | was not valid, did it anyway.) The reality is the biggest "cause"
       | of infant mortality in the developed world is how the medical
       | world falls on the stillbirth/infant mortality line. Even
       | elsewhere--Cuba gets it's good infant mortality numbers by
       | setting a minimum birth weight. The ones that were born too early
       | and never had a chance get classed as stillbirths.)
        
         | HDThoreaun wrote:
         | Over litigation of medical malpractice is a huge problem in
         | this country and is a large contributor to why our system is so
         | expensive. Medical malpractice juries should not be made up of
         | people who have no idea how medicine works.
        
       | purplezooey wrote:
       | The author says, _" The operational resistance alone would be too
       | much."_ True. But we need to continue reforms that clearly will
       | improve the system. That effort seems to be stuck as we instead
       | pause to relitigate the advances of the second half of the
       | twentieth century. These would go a long way: mandate price
       | transparancy, decouple insurance from employment, let Medicare
       | negotiate prices broadly, and ban PBMs.
        
       | robocat wrote:
       | > Another choice we made without admitting it: we socialize the
       | costs of aging, but only after families go broke first.
       | 
       | We effectively do the same in New Zealand even though our
       | healthcare system is very similar to the NHS. Once you go into
       | state funded nursing, then you can keep NZ$284,636 of assets (if
       | unmarried) and NZ$56 per week of any income. Median house price
       | is NZ$770,000 so individuals often are forced to sell their home.
       | 
       | So effectively bankrupted although not quite $0.
        
       | kalap_ur wrote:
       | I think this analysis has little to say. What would be important
       | to know how those $ are being spent, not where they are collected
       | from. We do not know how those $ are being spent.
       | 
       | 1. Doctors, Nurses, Administration (management and field
       | administration), other. We need to know total employment and
       | total salaries (including private practices).
       | 
       | 2. OTC, prescription and hospital administered drugs (separated
       | for acute, such as ER, and chronic, such as inpatient and
       | elective surgery). We need to know how much is being spent on
       | these, which is _potentially_ one of the culprits of large
       | discrepancy between US healthcare vs European healthcare. What
       | would be great to have these by large cohorts of population (<20;
       | 20-65; 66-85; 85<) and maybe the top 5 buckets (i am guessing:
       | cardiovascular - chronic; diabetes; accidents; hospice; dialysis)
       | 
       | 3. Facility expenses (rent, maintenance, utilities, other
       | contractor)
       | 
       | 4. Other
       | 
       | Without these, very hard to opine reasonably on the state of
       | affairs. And to be fair, I suspect there is a reason why proper
       | expense breakdowns are not available.
        
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