[HN Gopher] The Junior Hiring Crisis
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       The Junior Hiring Crisis
        
       Author : mooreds
       Score  : 186 points
       Date   : 2025-12-02 17:48 UTC (5 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (people-work.io)
 (TXT) w3m dump (people-work.io)
        
       | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
       | That's a thoughtful post, but I am skeptical of how "universal"
       | her suggested Path Forward is. I suspect a hell of a lot of folks
       | will have difficulty with the "people skills" stuff she mentions
       | (and is almost certainly highly conversant in, herself).
       | 
       |  _> The most common answer from students when asked what they
       | needed was a mentor who had just been in their shoes a few years
       | ago, a surprising and heartening answer._
       | 
       | Mentoring is difficult; especially in today's world, where we are
       | taught to despise older folks, and encouraged to treat everyone
       | that we work with, as competitors.
       | 
       | For myself, I'm happily retired from the Rodent Rally, and find
       | that LLMs have been a _huge_ help, when learning new stuff.
        
         | pelagicAustral wrote:
         | I think I would also ad to the mix that young folk these days
         | are incredibly overconfident and averse to criticism. A few
         | years back they got a junior dev in here, and I was supposed to
         | help him get on our stack, and ultimately mentor him.
         | 
         | This kid would not accept seniority, would constantly and
         | publicly try to divert from the stack we worked with, he would
         | not take any input on his work without actively fighting the
         | process and will crowd the conversation at team meetings with
         | never-ending Reddit-tier takes that contributed to nothing
         | other than fill his ego.
         | 
         | In the end I managed to convince my boss to get him out, and he
         | now works in Cyber, which will probably cause even more damage
         | in the long run, but at least I can now say "not my problem".
        
           | carlosjobim wrote:
           | > young folk these days
           | 
           | You should have stopped to think about why such a person was
           | hired in the first place, while there are an endless supply
           | of very talented, hard working, and honest young people who
           | would never be given a chance at all.
           | 
           | But if I guess right, hiring is not seen as the
           | responsibility of your company. And that's the core of the
           | problem.
        
             | shinjitsu wrote:
             | Sometimes people who are able to talk a lot do quite well
             | in interviews - and University students need to be exposed
             | to a wide variety of topics, but rarely support large
             | projects for a long time, so that wouldn't be something
             | that would come up in an interview.
        
         | elric wrote:
         | > especially in today's world, where we are taught to despise
         | older folks, and encouraged to treat everyone that we work
         | with, as competitors
         | 
         | What world is this? This not match my experiences at all. Is
         | this a common sentiment among your peers?
        
           | silisili wrote:
           | It matches mine as well. People will pretend to be your best
           | friend, but when push comes to shove, they will absolutely
           | throw you under the bus. And maybe that's human nature, but I
           | don't have it in me.
           | 
           | The people who will give you credit where it's due and lift
           | you in my experience are more rare than not, and almost
           | always an older member, which perhaps is because they don't
           | feel the need to prove themselves as much anymore.
           | 
           | Despising older folks has been a thing a long time, made
           | famous by Zuck starting out. Now that he's older, I wonder if
           | he still feels the same way...
        
             | shinjitsu wrote:
             | >Despising older folks has been a thing a long time, made
             | famous by Zuck starting out.
             | 
             | and before that is was hippies with "Don't trust anyone
             | over 30" which became deeply ingrained in at least American
             | culture.
        
               | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
               | Yup.
               | 
               | The difference, this time, is the CEO is now a younger
               | person, when they used to always be someone in at least
               | their forties (more often fifties or sixties).
        
         | carlosjobim wrote:
         | > where we are taught to despise older folks
         | 
         | 9 times out of 10 it goes the other way around. Most young
         | people have only had very negative interactions with their
         | seniors, which has been wholly on the part of the senior. The
         | current young generation is very respectful towards older
         | people.
        
           | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
           | _> The current young generation is very respectful towards
           | older people._
           | 
           | This has not been my experience.
           | 
           | I worked for a company that prized seniority, and I regularly
           | dealt with folks older than me, more experienced than me,
           | more capable than me, and willing to help me out. I worked
           | there for almost 27 years, and it was _awesome_.
           | 
           | In my experience, I'm usually written off as an "OK Boomer,"
           | before I've even had a chance to open my mouth to prove it
           | (or not).
           | 
           | My fave, is when we have a really promising text-only
           | relationship, then, the minute they see me, it goes south.
        
         | hiAndrewQuinn wrote:
         | People skills are so important, I agree. Intergenerational
         | people skills are _especially_ important; in most things that
         | matter, the old guard are the ones keeping their eye on the
         | younger hires, pattern matching what they see over months of
         | observation to who they 've seen succeed before.
        
       | RicoElectrico wrote:
       | The most frustrating thing about this whole junior position
       | drought is how it simultaneously affects those who are passionate
       | and _get it_ , not only the opportunist bootcamp alumni who were
       | lured by the prospect of high earnings.
       | 
       | If I were to graduate today, I'd be royally screwed.
        
         | ge96 wrote:
         | /r/cscareerquestions the horror eg. applied to 2000 jobs got 1
         | offer
        
           | Justsignedup wrote:
           | Honestly, with the AI slop of resumes, I applied to dozens of
           | jobs, and only got a callback to ones I had either a
           | recruiter for or direct connections to, after 20 years of
           | experience. Because I didn't have a big fat "worked at google
           | for 10 years" on my resume. And I'd like to think of myself
           | as someone who can take a very bad situation and make it look
           | smooth.
        
             | ge96 wrote:
             | Other than Indeed/Hired all my other roles were from
             | recruiters, I don't have a degree so it's harder for me to
             | get a job application wise, at least now I have the 6 yrs+
             | experience which isn't a lot but better than 0
             | 
             | Will say what's gotten me hired are my projects eg.
             | robotics or getting published online for hardware stuff, I
             | work in the web-cloud space primarily though, hardware
             | would be cool but hard to make that jump
        
             | QuercusMax wrote:
             | Even _with_ 10 years of google on my resume I got
             | absolutely zero non-automated responses for all the jobs I
             | applied to after being laid off a few months back (I 'm
             | working again). Connections from my network and recruiter
             | reach-outs were the only real leads.
             | 
             | But looking back on my 30 years of working (including in
             | high school), every job I've ever had I got through
             | personal referrals or recruiter reach-outs. I've gotten to
             | interviews before but never actually taken a job without a
             | personal connection.
        
         | mooreds wrote:
         | > If I were to graduate today, I'd be royally screwed.
         | 
         | I feel that too. I am a self-taught dev. Got a degree, but not
         | in CS. I don't know if I could get hired today.
         | 
         | Not sure how to fix it; feels like the entire industry is
         | eating the seed corn.
        
       | buellerbueller wrote:
       | Want to stand out in a world where all the job applications are
       | AI slop? Network. The original kind.
       | 
       | Furthermore, this is why the humanities matter: because human
       | relationships matter.
        
         | dkdcio wrote:
         | genuinely asking, how do you network to get a job? esp. if
         | you're a new grad
         | 
         | where do you network? what do you network with these other
         | humans on?
         | 
         | I do think I could get a job from my network because I've
         | worked in the industry for years and done good work; I'm a
         | little skeptical of advice to network to junior/new grads. I at
         | least ignore those LinkedIn requests
        
           | rsaz wrote:
           | - share your work online (twitter used to be the far-and-away
           | best place for getting eyes, but this is a bit less clear
           | now. youtube can work well, maybe also tiktok or sites like
           | medium?)
           | 
           | - go to events/conventions/join clubs related to programming
           | (need to be located near a large city for this)
           | 
           | - talk to other students/self-learners and wait for them to
           | get to the next step
           | 
           | I've been unemployed a long time and have been thinking of
           | improving at networking. These are what I came up with.
        
           | AnimalMuppet wrote:
           | If you're a junior, develop connections with a few seniors.
           | 
           | If you're a senior, maintain relations with last year's
           | graduating class (and with your placement services people).
           | 
           | If you get an internship, keep in touch with people there.
        
           | the_snooze wrote:
           | For anyone still in school, networking is easy for students
           | _who take initiative_. This doesn 't mean going to networking
           | events. It means actually doing things with actual people:
           | get involved in undergraduate research, sports, arts, Greek
           | life, volunteering, on-campus part-time jobs, etc.
           | Universities have those low-barrier low-risk things going on
           | that you can just try out. Students who do this get the
           | inside track on opportunities that aren't broadly advertised,
           | so they face far less competition and are likely better fits
           | for those opportunities due to the experience they got by
           | being involved.
        
             | ipaddr wrote:
             | Stop applying for jobs and get involved in Greek life,
             | sports, arts and working part time in the cafe serving
             | food? You will meet so many people who are involved in your
             | field and you get labelled as something other than a
             | programmer.
             | 
             | This is terrible advice. Apply, cold call, create projects,
             | job fairs, get co-op opportunties and ambush are better
             | ways. Hackathons, github projects or small businesses can
             | help. 9/10 CEOs will ignore your cold outreach but some
             | won't.
             | 
             | Getting too busy making friends at the Greek houses will
             | land you a marketing role if you are lucky. People need to
             | associate you wish your craft. If they know you as a social
             | guy you will get social roles. Any developer too social is
             | suspect for many and ends up at best a pm.
             | 
             | When I was coming up people went into
             | hardware/certifications to bridge the gap but moving from
             | hardware to software was a gap too big for many as they
             | became typecast.
        
           | buellerbueller wrote:
           | The other responders have it: forego the "networking" apps
           | like LinkeIn. (It's really just a graph analysis tool for
           | salespeople.). Do thinks with actual face-to-face connection.
           | That's what will make you stand out.
           | 
           | If you are a new grad: go to alumni events. Go to alumni
           | events! GO TO ALUMNI EVENTS.
           | 
           | If you are still in school: talk to your alumni and career
           | office; they will be able to connect you better.
           | 
           | If you are in High School: consider a university with a co-op
           | program.
           | 
           | The value of fact-to-face connection should not be
           | underestimated.
           | 
           | Again: this may be uncomfortable for some people, but it is
           | the way of the world.
        
           | ah979 wrote:
           | Full disclosure, I'm the original author of the post.
           | 
           | Unfortunately, if you network to get a job, you're already
           | months behind.
           | 
           | As I talk to college kids, I try to get them to find
           | opportunities to network while they're in school, before
           | they're desperate to get that first internship or job. They
           | want to come at their search from a place of confidence, not
           | anxiety.
           | 
           | There are so many meetups at universities (at least at the
           | one near me) that they can mingle with the working world, and
           | they stand out because they're there when it's mostly
           | professionals.
           | 
           | Student or not, networking works best in-person when possible
           | (conferences, meetups, professional events) where you get to
           | know people and get truly curious about them. But after that,
           | it involves following up and keeping the relationships warm,
           | showing that you are interested in people professionally and
           | can possibly help them with their problems, and that's no
           | trivial investment.
           | 
           | If you do that enough, then you will build trust and rapport
           | to create some opportunities, but it's admittedly a long
           | game. It also has to be genuine or else people end up feeling
           | used.
           | 
           | I think that there is a blocker that a lot of people have
           | against networking in general because it feels gross and
           | insincere. We've all seen people do it poorly, and so we
           | avoid it, but it can be really fulfilling if done well.
        
             | koakuma-chan wrote:
             | It's not a good advice for someone who needs a job right
             | now. It's a good advice if you already have a job and are
             | looking for better opportunities.
        
               | ah979 wrote:
               | I agree. For people that need a job right now, attending
               | events to broaden your network could work, but first try
               | to connect with people already in your network that you
               | have established trusting professional relationships
               | with. Preferably, you've talked to them recently and you
               | have a good rapport, otherwise, it may not come across
               | well.
               | 
               | I have had so many people reach out to me out of the blue
               | when they're looking for job, after literally leaving me
               | on read in LinkedIn DMs. And giving them the benefit of
               | the doubt, I meet with them and try to help them out, and
               | then I never hear from them again after they find a job.
               | It doesn't feel great, which is why I always suggest
               | being intentional about nurturing your close professional
               | relationships. It doesn't have to be anything grand; just
               | being kind and courteous goes a long way.
        
           | OkayPhysicist wrote:
           | IMO, the first thing to recognize with networking is that
           | there are at least 3 tiers of people you know, with regards
           | to their ability to help in your job hunt. Tier 1 are the
           | people who know your technical ability, and can directly
           | vouch for you being a good contributor in your role. These
           | people are great to have, but new grads simply don't have
           | them, for the most part. Most of the people able to directly
           | vouch for their competency are their equally looking-for-work
           | peers, or pretty distant from industry professors. Tier 2 are
           | the people who know _you_ well enough to assert that you 're
           | not an absolute pain to be around. They don't necessarily
           | know whether you're a genius double-stack 12x developer or a
           | codemonkey, but they know you're reasonably likeable. Then
           | there's Tier 3, who don't know anything about you personally,
           | but they know people who know you.
           | 
           | New grads (myself included, back then), tend to discount Tier
           | 2, because in their head the hiring process is looking for
           | the single applicant with the best technical skills. When in
           | reality, it's a lot more of a "who can we get quickly, who
           | won't have a negative impact on team output or morale".
           | Parents, Parent's friends, friends, and friend's parents all
           | can fall into Tier 2, and absolutely should asked about
           | whether their workplaces are hiring, and if so, if they could
           | provide a recommendation.
           | 
           | Tier 3 is mostly useful for finding out about positions that
           | don't necessarily get publicized, but depending on mutual
           | connection to the shared acquaintance, might be willing to
           | offer a recommendation.
           | 
           | With regards to where to network, that comes down to engaging
           | with social gatherings that bring together a spread of people
           | _that aren 't exclusively your direct peers_. That's the
           | stumbling block a lot of new grads find themselves in, which
           | is that all their social time is spent with other new grads
           | (or worse still, nobody at all). Clubs, parties thrown by
           | friends' parents, university alumni events, hell, join the
           | Oddfellows (YMMV, some lodges stopped recruiting after
           | Vietnam). Conferences, _whether technical or not_. Hell, a
           | step I recommend for everyone is going to bars and talking to
           | strangers. Not highest density networking opportunity (except
           | some gay bars in SF), but it 's a pretty good environment to
           | practice casual communication with people you have
           | approximately nothing in common with, with very low stakes.
        
           | rmah wrote:
           | your professors. your classmates who got a job. your family
           | and friends of family. anyone else you know that respects
           | you.
        
           | lordnacho wrote:
           | People are free to network right here on HN, and they do. I
           | placed a friend I found here with another friend, so it does
           | work.
           | 
           | However, it takes time.
           | 
           | If you need a job right now, it won't happen via ordinary
           | networking, by which I mean networking with people whose job
           | isn't recruitment.
           | 
           | If you think of networking as a pleasant way to keep some
           | interesting ideas flowing and making some friends,
           | circulation will get you things that you never even thought
           | of.
           | 
           | (The best professional recruiters actually stir the pot for
           | years and years before getting a return. Constantly keeping
           | up with what various people are doing, just in case the time
           | is right for someone to move on.)
           | 
           | I'm actually a bit surprised, because as a young guy I didn't
           | do any networking beyond connecting with colleagues, which
           | certainly helped. But I'm finding lots of young guys will
           | reach out to me for advice. It's a good habit, but one I
           | suspect more than half the population doesn't practice.
        
       | CSSer wrote:
       | This article talks a lot about AI, but what I find odd is that in
       | my relatively short (but long enough) ~9 yr career so far, this
       | problem predates AI. I don't deny that it exacerbates it, but you
       | don't kill a disease by addressing the symptoms. From the first
       | time I was ever involved in the hiring process, senior leadership
       | always encouraged me to hire more experienced staff, always most
       | heavily scrutinized juniors, and had negotiations fall through
       | with mid-level candidates the most. This was despite juniors
       | passing technical screens with strong showings. This was not at a
       | Fortune 500. This was a micro-cap subsidiary of a private,
       | billion dollar company.
       | 
       | And although it hasn't discouraged me, I have to admit that I've
       | been burned by juniors when caught in the middle between them and
       | senior leadership on output expectations or strategy because
       | frankly it's much more challenging to mentor how to navigate
       | company politics than it is to mentor professional coding acumen.
       | I want to be humble here. I don't think that's the junior's
       | fault.
       | 
       | It feels like these problems go a lot deeper than AI. Most shops
       | want software teams that are either silently embedded black boxes
       | that you insert rough instructions into and get working software
       | as output or an outsourced team. We've all experienced this. It
       | seems silly to deny that it's directly related to why it's so
       | hard to mentor or hire juniors.
        
         | 1970-01-01 wrote:
         | Yes, AI isn't helping but the corporate world has been doing
         | this for decades! Junior devs are second class citizens
         | internally. I don't blame them for moving on after a few years.
        
           | CSSer wrote:
           | I guess I should clarify too: I don't believe in junior
           | titles. They handicap people into the position you describe
           | where they must move on to progress. When I describe "junior"
           | above, I generally mean a candidate with <=1.5 years of
           | experience. When I say mid I mean any amount of experience
           | greater but not senior according to technical review. And
           | yep, I know this is not the best heuristic because there are
           | definitely people with no working experience who have mid-
           | senior coding skills (although they're rare). I think that's
           | sort of part of the problem too. Senior management is
           | disincentived from understanding the roles and growth
           | trajectories, so our heuristics for hiring are totally warped
           | and stomped on.
        
         | ah979 wrote:
         | You're not wrong! I'm the original author of the post, and yes,
         | I've seen this trend for years now, too, but I was using those
         | two research studies that I cited as the basis of the article,
         | so I started looking at it from that lens. I think the problems
         | go deeper than AI, too, which is why I touched on corporate
         | incentives. Ultimately, my goal was just for teams to think
         | about how it could benefit them to invest in juniors and for
         | college students to know that they need to prepare for a
         | challenging ride if they're majoring in an AI-adopting field.
        
           | CSSer wrote:
           | We may have some things in common. I'm not a mom, but I am a
           | woman. And I don't want to assume the same is true for you,
           | but breaking into this industry was difficult for me, so even
           | without children, I'm really invested in the ability for
           | juniors to succeed too. I wish I had responded more directly
           | to your article rather than my general ennui. I really admire
           | your willingness to write this. I hope it gets broad
           | engagement, because I think these problems seem obvious to us
           | but based on private conversations I've had with some
           | industry peers in very senior director roles the drying of
           | junior opportunities for growth is not readily obvious to
           | them. I'm going to have to think more about the corporate
           | incentives you mentioned, because reading that in the
           | article, it feels deeper to me, and I think that's what I was
           | trying to get at by sharing my past company details.
           | 
           | I think you succeeded overall at your goal! Thanks for
           | replying. You encouraged me to go back and read your article
           | more closely.
        
             | ah979 wrote:
             | I appreciate the positive feedback. :) And yes, I was a
             | career changer, so it was difficult for me to break into
             | tech, too, so it feels a bit personal for that reason, as
             | well.
        
         | skatanski wrote:
         | I agree. I wonder if it's a mix of fully remote work being
         | popular some time ago and the amount of tech one has to know
         | now increasing (DBs, backend, frontend, cloud, observability,
         | security, etc.). When hiring remotely, people naturally try to
         | find candidates who are very communicative, have a high level
         | of ownership, and can work with or without clear requirements
         | and without oversight. That latter set of traits is often
         | associated with senior developers rather than juniors.
        
       | Herring wrote:
       | We're still in the early days. It's gonna get a lot worse, if the
       | LLM scaling laws are to be believed.
       | 
       | https://metr.org/blog/2025-03-19-measuring-ai-ability-to-com...
        
       | avidiax wrote:
       | This isn't the first time that the industry has foot-gunned
       | itself.
       | 
       | The continued reliance on say, COBOL, and the complete lack of
       | those developers comes to mind.
       | 
       | Even before LLMs, there were periods recently where multiple
       | companies had "senior only" hiring policies. That just inflated
       | what "senior" was until it was basically 5 years of experience.
       | 
       | This time seems a bit different, however. There are both supply
       | and demand side problems. The supply of students it tainted with
       | AI "learning" now. Colleges haven't realized that they absolutely
       | have to effectively crack down on AI, or the signal of their
       | degrees will wither to nothing. The demand side is also low, of
       | course, since the candidates aren't good, and AI seems to be a
       | good substitute for a newly graduated hire, especially if that
       | hire is just going to use the AI badly.
        
         | viraptor wrote:
         | > The continued reliance on say, COBOL, and the complete lack
         | of those developers comes to mind.
         | 
         | So the irony here is that LLMs are actually going to be decent
         | at COBOL by default. And other uncommon/esoteric codebases. For
         | example I vibe-ported some Apple ii assembly to modern C/SDL
         | and... it works. It's stuff that I just wouldn't even attempt
         | at manual development speed. It may be actually an easier path
         | than training someone to do things, as long as you have a large
         | enough test suite or detailed enough requirements.
        
       | hex4def6 wrote:
       | > We used to have a training ground for junior engineers, but now
       | AI is increasingly automating away that work. Both studies I
       | referenced above cited the same thing - AI is getting good at
       | automating junior work while only augmenting senior work. So the
       | evidence doesn't show that AI is going to replace everyone; it's
       | just removing the apprenticeship ladder.
       | 
       | Was having a discussion the other day with someone, and we came
       | to the same conclusion. You used to be able to make yourself
       | useful by doing the easy / annoying tasks that had to be done,
       | but more senior people didn't want to waste time dealing with. In
       | exchange you got on-the-job experience, until you were able to
       | handle more complex tasks and grow your skill set. AI means that
       | those 'easy' tasks can be automated away, so there's less
       | immediate value in hiring a new grad.
       | 
       | I feel the effects of this are going to take a while to be felt
       | (5 years?); mid-level -> senior-level transitions will leave a
       | hole behind that can't be filled internally. It's almost like the
       | aftermath of a war killing off 18-30 year olds leaving a
       | demographic hole, or the effect of covid on education for certain
       | age ranges.
        
         | weatherlite wrote:
         | > I feel the effects of this are going to take a while to be
         | felt (5 years?);
         | 
         | Who knows if we'll even need senior devs in 5 years. We'll see
         | what happens. I think the role of software development will
         | change so much those years of technical experience as a senior
         | won't be so relevant but that's just my 5 cents.
        
           | giancarlostoro wrote:
           | The way I'm using claude code for personal projects, I feel
           | like most devs will become moreso architects and testers of
           | the output, and reviewers of the output. Which is good,
           | plenty of us have said for ages, devs dont read code enough.
           | Well now you get to read it. ;)
           | 
           | While the work seems to take similar amounts of time, I spend
           | drastically less time fixing bugs, bugs that take me days or
           | God forbid weeks, solved in minutes usually, sometimes maybe
           | an hour if its obscure enough. You just have to feed the
           | model enough context, full stack trace, every time.
        
             | tenacious_tuna wrote:
             | > Well now you get to read it.
             | 
             | Man, I wish this was true. I've given the same feedback on
             | a colleague's clearly LLM-generated PRs. Initially I put
             | effort into explaining why I was flagging the issues, now I
             | just tag them with a sadface and my colleague replies "oh,
             | cursor forgot." Clearly he isn't reading the PRs before
             | they make it to me; so long as it's past lint and our test
             | suite he just sends the PR.
             | 
             | I'd worry less if the LLMs weren't prone to modifying the
             | preconditions of the test whenever they fail such that the
             | tests get neutered, rather than correctly resolving the
             | logic issues.
        
               | HaroldCindy wrote:
               | We need to develop new etiquette around submitting AI-
               | generated code for review. Using AI for code generation
               | is one thing, but asking other people review something
               | that you neither wrote nor read is inconsiderate of their
               | time.
        
               | daheza wrote:
               | I'm getting AI generated product requirements that they
               | haven't read themselves. It is so frustrating. Random
               | requirements like "this service must have a response time
               | of 5s or less" - "A retry mechanism must be present". We
               | have a specific SLA already for response time and the
               | designs don't have a retry mechanism built.
               | 
               | The bad product managers have become 10x worse because
               | they just generate AI garbage to spray at the engineering
               | team. We are now writing AI review process for our user
               | stories to counter the AI generation of the product team.
               | I'd much rather spend my time building things than having
               | AI wars between teams.
        
             | GuinansEyebrows wrote:
             | > I feel like most devs will become moreso architects and
             | testers of the output
             | 
             | which means either devs will take over architectural roles
             | (which already exist and are filled) or architects will
             | take over dev roles. same goes for testing/QA - these are
             | already positions within the industry in addition to being
             | hats that we sometimes put on out of necessity or personal
             | interest.
        
               | QuercusMax wrote:
               | I've seen Product Manager / Technical Program Manager
               | types leaning into using AI to research what's involved
               | in a solution, or even fix small bugs themselves. Many of
               | these people have significant software experience
               | already.
               | 
               | This is _mostly_ a good thing provided you have a clear
               | separation between solution exploration and actually
               | shipping software - as the extra work put into
               | productionizing a solution may not be obvious or familiar
               | to someone who can use AI to identify a bugfix candidate,
               | but might not know how we go about doing pre-release
               | verification.
        
             | weatherlite wrote:
             | > I feel like most devs will become moreso architects and
             | testers of the output
             | 
             | Which stands to reason you'll need less of them. I'm really
             | hoping this somehow leads to an explosion of new companies
             | being built and hiring workers , otherwise - not good for
             | us.
        
               | phantasmish wrote:
               | > Which stands to reason you'll need less of them.
               | 
               | Depends on how much demand there would be for somewhat-
               | cheaper software. Human hours taken could well remain the
               | same.
               | 
               | Also depends on whether this approach leads to a whole
               | lot of badly-fucked projects that companies can't do
               | without and have to hire human teams to fix...
        
             | jackschultz wrote:
             | This is what I'm doing, Opus 4.5 for personal projects and
             | to learn the flow and what's needed. Only thing I'll
             | disagree with is how the work takes similar amount of time
             | because I'm finding it unbelievably faster. It's crazy how
             | with smart planning and documentation that we can do with
             | the agents, getting markdown files etc, they can write the
             | code better and faster than I can as a senior dev. No
             | question.
             | 
             | I've found Opus 4.5 as a big upgrade compared to any of the
             | other models. Big step up and the minor issues that were
             | annoying and I needed to watch out for with Sonnet and
             | GPT5.1.
             | 
             | It's to the point where I'm on the side of, if the models
             | are offline or I run out of tokens for the 5 hour window or
             | the week (with what I'm paying now), there's kind of no use
             | of doing work. I can use other models to do planning or
             | some review, but then wait until I'm back with Opus 4.5 to
             | do the code.
             | 
             | It still absolutely requires review from me and planning
             | before writing the code, and this is why there can be some
             | slop that goes by, but it's the same as if you have a
             | junior and they put in weak PRs. Difference is much quicker
             | planning which the models help with, better implementation
             | with basic conventions compared to juniors, and much easier
             | to tell a model to make changes compared to a human.
        
               | giancarlostoro wrote:
               | > This is what I'm doing, Opus 4.5 for personal projects
               | and to learn the flow and what's needed. Only thing I'll
               | disagree with is how the work takes similar amount of
               | time because I'm finding it unbelievably faster.
               | 
               | I guess it depends on the project type, in some cases
               | like you're saying way faster. I definitely recognize
               | I've shaved weeks off a project, and I get really nuanced
               | and Claude just updates and adjusts.
        
             | samdoesnothing wrote:
             | Can you post a repo so we can see what it's generating?
        
         | devin-2030 wrote:
         | We might need a lot of young adults for war in the near future,
         | according to some.
        
           | roadside_picnic wrote:
           | Larger scale war happens when the lives of young people are
           | more valuable as fodder for the war machine than in a field
           | or behind a desk.
        
         | asdff wrote:
         | "automate it away" ironically still requires a human in the
         | chain to determine what to automate, how, and to maintain that
         | automation. Whether it be derived from an ai or a systemd
         | script or an Antikythera mechanism. Now if you leave that to
         | seniors you just ate a big chunk of their day playing shephard
         | to a dozen plus "automated" pipelines while they still have
         | stuff to do outside the weeds. Now you need more seniors and
         | pretty soon they want triple what you could pay a junior and I
         | don't think they are 3x more prolific if the junior is managed
         | efficiently quite frankly.
        
           | jjk166 wrote:
           | The process of setting up and maintaining automation should
           | be less labor intensive than just doing it manually (or else
           | why would you automate it?) and almost always requires a more
           | advanced skillset than doing the manual task.
        
             | mooreds wrote:
             | Required XKCD comic: https://xkcd.com/1205/
        
         | xhrpost wrote:
         | > AI means that those 'easy' tasks can be automated away, so
         | there's less immediate value in hiring a new grad.
         | 
         | Not disagreeing that this is happening in the industry but it
         | still feels like a missed opportunity to not hire juniors. Not
         | only do you have the upcoming skill gap as you mention, but
         | someone needs to instruct AI to do these menial/easy tasks.
         | Perhaps it's only my opinion but I think it would be prudent to
         | instead see this as just having junior engineers who can get
         | more menial tasks done, instead of expecting to add it to the
         | senior dev workflow at zero cost to output.
        
         | gausswho wrote:
         | Anyone reccomend an analysis, article or book or video, of this
         | effect on the blue collar industry decades ago?
        
           | darkstarsys wrote:
           | It's happening again _now_ with robotics, self-driving
           | vehicles and RL. Factory workers, truck drivers, construction
           | work, order fulfillment, machinists, farm work, medical
           | technicians and more are all very much at risk (same thing as
           | OP: mostly junior roles getting automated). Some info at
           | https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.25137
        
         | strickjb9 wrote:
         | Adding to this: it's not just that the apprenticeship ladder is
         | gone--it's that nobody wants to deal with juniors who spit out
         | AI code they don't really understand.
         | 
         | In the past, a junior would write bad code and you'd work with
         | them to make it better. Now I just assume they're taking my
         | feedback and feeding it right back to the LLM. Ends up taking
         | more of my time than if I'd done it myself. The whole
         | mentorship thing breaks down when you're basically
         | collaborating with a model through a proxy.
         | 
         | I think highly motivated juniors who actually want to learn are
         | still valuable. But it's hard to get past "why bother mentoring
         | when I could just use AI directly?"
         | 
         | I don't have answers here. Just thinking maybe we're not seeing
         | the end of software engineering for those of us already in it--
         | but the door might be closing for anyone trying to come up
         | behind us.
        
           | ah979 wrote:
           | I get that. I think that getting to know juniors outside of
           | work, at a recurring meetup or event, in a setting where you
           | can suss out their motivation level and teachability level,
           | is _a_ way of going about it. That way, if your team is
           | hiring juniors, you have people you have already vetted at
           | the ready.
        
             | mikepurvis wrote:
             | IMO teachability/curiosity is ultimately orthogonal to the
             | more base question of money-motivation.
             | 
             | In a previous role I was a principal IC trying to mentor
             | someone who had somehow been promoted up to senior but was
             | still regularly turning in code for review that I wouldn't
             | have expected from an intern-- it was an exhausting, mind-
             | numbing process trying to develop some sense of engineering
             | taste in this person, and all of this was before LLMs. This
             | person was definitely not just there for the money; they
             | really looked up to the top-level engineers at our org and
             | _aspired_ to be be there, but everything just came across
             | as extremely shallow, like engineering cosplay: every
             | design review or bit of feedback was soundbites from a how-
             | to-code TED talk or something. Lots of regurgitated phrases
             | about writing code to be  "maintainable" or "elegant" but
             | no in-the-bones feeling about what any of that actually
             | meant.
             | 
             | Anyway, I think a person like this is probably maximally
             | susceptible to the fawning ego-strokes that an AI companion
             | delivers alongside its suggestions; I think I ultimately
             | fear that combination more than I fear a straight up
             | mercenary for whom it's a clear transaction of money ->
             | code.
        
               | QuercusMax wrote:
               | I had one fairly-junior teammate at Google (had been
               | promoted once) who was a competent engineer but just
               | refused to make any choices about what to work on. I was
               | his TL and I gave him a choice of 3 different parts of
               | the system to work on, and I was planning to be building
               | the other two. He got his work done adequately, but his
               | lack of interest / curiosity meant that he never really
               | got to know how the rest of the system operated, and got
               | frustrated when he didn't advance further in his career.
               | 
               | Very odd. It was like he only had ever worked on school
               | projects assigned to him, and had no actual interest in
               | exploring the problems we were working on.
        
               | mikepurvis wrote:
               | In my experience, curiosity is the #1 predictor of the
               | kind of passionate, high-level engineer that I'm most
               | interested in working with. And it's generally not _that_
               | hard to evaluate this in a free-form interview context
               | where you listen to how a person talks about their past
               | projects, how they learn a new system or advocated
               | /onboarded a tool at their company.
               | 
               | But it can be tricky to evaluate this in the kind of
               | structured, disciplined way that big-company HR
               | departments like to see, where all interviewees get a
               | consistent set of questions and are "scored" on their
               | responses according to a fixed rubric.
        
               | watwut wrote:
               | That does not even sounds like a problem? Like when
               | people are that picky about what exact personality the
               | junior musr have that good work is not enough ... then
               | there is something wrong with us.
        
               | mikepurvis wrote:
               | I don't think it's beyond the call of duty to expect
               | someone to acquire context beyond their immediate
               | assignments, especially if they have ambitions to
               | advance. It's kind of a key prerequisite to the kind of
               | bigger-picture thinking that says "hey I noticed my
               | component is duplicating some functionality that's over
               | there, maybe there's an opportunity to harmonize these,
               | etc"
        
               | QuercusMax wrote:
               | When presenting the three projects, I gave pros and cons
               | about each one, like "you'll get to learn this new piece
               | of technology" or "a lot of people will be happy if we
               | can get this working". Absolutely no reaction, just "I
               | don't care, pick one".
               | 
               | This guy claimed to want to get promoted to Senior, but
               | didn't do anything Senior-shaped. If you're going to own
               | a component of a system, I should be able to ask you
               | intelligent questions about how you might evolve it, and
               | you should be able to tell me why someone cares about it.
        
               | watwut wrote:
               | I am honestly totally fine with person like that. Sounds
               | like someone easy to work with. I dunno, not having
               | preference between working on three parts of the system
               | is not abnormal. Most people choose randomly anyway.
               | 
               | Just pick the two you like the most.
        
           | roadside_picnic wrote:
           | > Just thinking maybe we're not seeing the end of software
           | engineering for those of us already in it--but the door might
           | be closing for anyone trying to come up behind us.
           | 
           | It's worth considering how _aggressively_ open the door has
           | been for the last decade. Each new generation of engineers
           | increasingly disappointed me with how much more motivated
           | they were by a big pay check than they were for anything
           | remotely related to engineering. There 's nothing wrong with
           | choosing a career for money, but there's also nothing wrong
           | about missing a time when most people chose it because they
           | were interested in it.
           | 
           | However I have noticed a shift: while half the juniors I work
           | with are just churning out AI slop, the other half are
           | _really_ interested in the craft of software engineering and
           | understanding computer science better.
           | 
           | We'll _need_ new senior engineers in a few years, and I
           | suspect they will come from a smaller pool of truly engaged
           | juniors today.
        
             | rozap wrote:
             | This is what I see. Less of door slamming completely shut,
             | more like, the door was enormous and maybe a little too
             | open. We forget, the 6 month coding bootcamp to 6 figure
             | salary pipeline was a real thing for a while at the ZIRP
             | apex.
             | 
             | There are still junior engineers out there who have
             | experiments on their githubs, who build weird little things
             | because they can. Those people were the best engineers
             | anyway. The last decade of "money falls from the sky and
             | anyone can learn to code" brought in a bunch of people who
             | were interested in it for the money, and those people were
             | hard to work with anyway. I'd lump the sidehustle "ship 30
             | projects in 30 days" crowd in here too. I think AI will
             | effectively eliminate junior engineers in the second camp,
             | but absolutely will not those in the first camp. It will
             | certainly make it harder for those junior engineers at the
             | margins between those two extremes.
             | 
             | There's nothing more discouraging than trying to guide a
             | junior engineer who is just typing what you say into
             | cursor. Like clearly you don't want to absorb this, and I
             | can also type stuff into an AI, so why are you here?
             | 
             | The best engineers I've worked with build things because
             | they are truly interested in them, not because they're
             | trying to get rich. This is true of literally all creative
             | pursuits.
        
               | QuercusMax wrote:
               | I love building software because it's extremely
               | gratifying to a) solve puzzles and b) see things actually
               | working when I've built them from literally nothing. I've
               | never been great at coming up with projects to work on,
               | but I _love_ working on solving problems that other
               | people are passionate about.
               | 
               | If software were "just" a job without any of the
               | gratifying aspects, I wouldn't do nearly as good a job.
        
           | shagie wrote:
           | > Now I just assume they're taking my feedback and feeding it
           | right back to the LLM.
           | 
           | This is especially annoying when you get back a response in a
           | PR "Yes, you're right. I have pushed the fixes you
           | suggested."
           | 
           | Part of the challenge (and I don't have an answer either) is
           | there are some juniors who use AI to assist... and some who
           | use it to delegate all of their work to.
           | 
           | It is especially frustrating that the second group doesn't
           | become much more than a proxy for an LLM.
           | 
           | New juniors can progress in software engineering - but they
           | have to take the road of disciplined use of AI and make sure
           | that they're learning the material rather than delegating all
           | their work to it... and that delegating work is _very_
           | tempting... especially if that 's what they did in college.
        
             | mooreds wrote:
             | > there are some juniors who use AI to assist... and some
             | who use it to delegate all of their work to.
             | 
             | Hmmm. Is there any way to distinguish between these two
             | categories? Because I agree, if someone is delegating all
             | their work to an LLM or similar tool, cut out the
             | middleman. Same as if someone just copy/pasted from
             | Stackoverflow 5 years ago.
             | 
             | I think it is also important to think about incentives.
             | What incentive does the newer developer have to understand
             | the LLM output? There's the long term incentive, but is
             | there a short term one?
        
               | supriyo-biswas wrote:
               | Dealing with an intern at work who I suspect is doing
               | exactly this, I discussed this with a colleague. One way
               | seems to be to organize a face to face meeting where you
               | test their problem solving skills without AI use, the
               | other may be to question them about their thought process
               | as you review a PR.
               | 
               | Unfortunately, the use of LLMs has brought about a lot of
               | mistrust in the workplace. Earlier you'd simply assume
               | that a junior making mistakes is simply part of being a
               | junior and can be coached; whereas nowadays said junior
               | may not be willing to take your advice as they see it as
               | sermonizing when an "easy" process to get "acceptable"
               | results exists.
        
               | lll-o-lll wrote:
               | > Is there any way to distinguish between these two
               | categories?
               | 
               | Yes, it should be obvious. At least at the current state
               | of LLMs.
               | 
               | > There's the long term incentive, but is there a short
               | term one?
               | 
               | The short term incentive is keeping their job.
        
               | hombre_fatal wrote:
               | Just like anything, anyone who did the work themself
               | should be able to speak intelligently about the work and
               | the decisions behind its idiosyncrasies.
               | 
               | For software, I can imagine a process where junior
               | developers create a PR and then run through it with
               | another engineer side by side. The short-term incentive
               | would be that they can do it, else they'd get exposed.
        
               | icedchai wrote:
               | There are some definite signs of over reliance on AI.
               | From emojis in comments, to updates completely unrelated
               | to the task at hand, if you ask "why did you make this
               | change?", you'll typically get no answer.
               | 
               | I don't mind if AI is used as a tool, but the output
               | needs to be vetted.
        
               | bryanrasmussen wrote:
               | having dealt with a few people who just copy/pasted
               | Stackoverflow I really feel that using an LLM is an
               | improvement.
               | 
               | That is at least for the people who don't understand what
               | they're doing, the LLM tends to come out with something I
               | can at least turn into something useful.
               | 
               | It might be reversed though for people who know what
               | they're doing. IF they know what they're doing they might
               | theoretically be able to put together some stackoverflow
               | results that make sense, and build something up from that
               | better than what gets generated from LLM (I am not
               | asserting this would happen, and thinking it might be the
               | case)
               | 
               | However I don't know as I've never known anyone who knew
               | what they were doing who also just copy/pasted some
               | stackoverflow or delegated to LLM significantly.
        
               | water-data-dude wrote:
               | Is/was copy/pasting from Stackoverflow considered
               | harmful? You have a problem, you do a web search and you
               | find someone who asked the same question on SO, and
               | there's often a solution.
               | 
               | You might be specifically talking about people who
               | copy/paste without understanding, but I think it's still
               | OK-ish to do that, since you can't make an entire
               | [whatever you're coding up] by copy/pasting snippets from
               | SO like you're cutting words out of a magazine for a
               | ransom note. There's still thought involved, so it's more
               | like training wheels that you eventually outgrow as you
               | get more understanding.
        
               | vkou wrote:
               | > Is/was copy/pasting from Stackoverflow considered
               | harmful?
               | 
               | It at least forces you to tinker with whatever you copied
               | over.
        
               | gunsch wrote:
               | Pair programming! Get hands-on with your junior engineers
               | and their development process. Push them to think through
               | things and not just ask the LLM everything.
        
           | zcw100 wrote:
           | I don't know what world you're living in but software
           | development has always been a cut throat business. I've never
           | seen true mentoring. Maybe a code review where some a-hole of
           | a "senior" developer would come in having just read "clean
           | code" and use some stupid stylistic preferences as a cudgel
           | and go to town on the juniors. I'm cynical enough to believe
           | that this, "AI is going to take your programming job!" is
           | just a ploy to thin out the applicant pool.
        
             | QuercusMax wrote:
             | Wow, you must have worked in some REALLY toxic places. I
             | had one toxic senior teammate when I first started out - he
             | mocked me when I was having trouble with some of the dev
             | environment he had created - but he got fired shortly
             | thereafter for being bad at his job.
             | 
             | Everybody else through my 21-year career has almost
             | universally either been helpful or neutral (mostly just
             | busy). If you think code reviews are just for bikeshedding
             | about style minutia, then you're really missing out. I
             | personally have found it extremely rewarding to invest in
             | junior SWEs and see them progress in their careers.
        
               | zcw100 wrote:
               | Sure have. Finance, research labs, government
               | contracting. Can't wait for people to chime in with their
               | horror stories. I've seen some of the most dysfunctional
               | crap you can imagine.
        
               | QuercusMax wrote:
               | Sorry you've worked for such nightmare places, but it's
               | far from universal. There are LOTS of good companies and
               | teams out there.
        
               | izacus wrote:
               | You seem to have chosen the most toxic (and famous for it
               | workplaces) and now you're misleadingly claiming that's
               | the whole industry.
               | 
               | It is not.
        
               | tartoran wrote:
               | Toxicity is spread out and touching most of the industry.
               | Is it fully toxic? Absolutely not. But I found some level
               | of toxicity everywhere I worked for the past 20+ years in
               | this industry.
        
           | Zarathruster wrote:
           | > Adding to this: it's not just that the apprenticeship
           | ladder is gone--it's that nobody wants to deal with juniors
           | who spit out AI code they don't really understand.
           | 
           | I keep hearing this and find it utterly perplexing.
           | 
           | As a junior, desperate to prove that I could hang in this
           | world, I'd comb over my PRs obsessively. I viewed each one as
           | a showcase of my abilities. If a senior had ever pointed at a
           | line of code and asked "what does this do?" If I'd ever
           | answered "I don't know," I would've been mortified.
           | 
           | I don't want to shake my fist at a cloud, but I have to ask
           | genuinely (not rhetorically): do these kids not have any
           | shame at all? Are they not the slightest bit embarrassed to
           | check in a pile of slop? I just want to understand.
        
             | semiquaver wrote:
             | > embarrassed to check in a pile of slop
             | 
             | Part of being a true junior, especially nowadays, is not
             | being able to recognize the differences between a pile of
             | slop from useful and elegant code.
        
             | jghn wrote:
             | > If I'd ever answered "I don't know," I would've been
             | mortified.
             | 
             | I'm approaching 30 years of professional work and still
             | feel this way. I've found some people are like this, and
             | others aren't. Those who aren't tend to not progress as
             | far.
        
         | furyofantares wrote:
         | I hope juniors will figure out how to use AI to do larger tasks
         | that are still annoying for seniors to do, while seniors take
         | on larger tasks still. I think it's just seniors are learning
         | this stuff faster at the moment and adapting it faster to
         | current work, but as all that changes I would guess juniors
         | reclaim some value back.
         | 
         | That said, you hit on something I've been feeling, the thing
         | these models are best at by far is stuff that wasn't worth
         | doing before.
        
           | QuercusMax wrote:
           | I've been making use of copilot in VSCode to make changes in
           | a codebase that's new to me, in a language that I can read if
           | not necessarily write unaided - it's a dialect of SQL, so I
           | can certainly understand what's happening, but generating new
           | queries is very time-consuming (half of which is just stupid
           | formatting stuff). Copilot seems to understand the style of
           | the code in my project and so I don't have to do much work to
           | make it conform, compared to my hand-written versions.
           | 
           | I've also written a lot of python 2 in my career, and writing
           | python 3 still isn't quite native-level for me - and the AI
           | tools let me make up for my lack of knowledge of modern
           | Python.
        
         | geoffmanning wrote:
         | This assumes there will still be a demand for software
         | developers in 5 years. I believe we'll be out of jobs much
         | sooner than that.
        
         | RogerL wrote:
         | I grew up in the 70s. The hand wringing then was calculators.
         | No one was going to be able to do math anymore! And then wrist
         | watches with calculators came out. Everyone is going to cheat
         | on exams, oh no!
         | 
         | Everything turned out fine. Turns out you don't really need to
         | be able to perform long division by hand. Sure, you should
         | still understand the algorithm at some level, esp. if you work
         | in STEM, but otherwise, not so much.
         | 
         | There _were_ losses. I recall my AP physics professors was one
         | of the old school types (retired from industry to teach). He
         | could find the answer to essentially any problem to about 1-2
         | digits of precision in his head nearly instantly. Sometimes he
         | 'd have to reach for his slide rule for harder things or to get
         | a few more digits. Ain't no one that can do that now (for
         | reasonable values of "no one"). And, it is a loss, in that he
         | could catch errors nearly instantly. Good skill to have. A
         | better skill is to be able to set up a problem for finite
         | element analysis, write kernels for operations, find an
         | analytic solution using Mathematica (we don't need to do
         | integrals by hand anymore for the mot part), unleash R to
         | validate your statistics, and so on. The latter are _more_
         | valuable than the former, and so we willingly pay the cost. Our
         | ability to crank out integrals isn 't what it was, but our
         | ability to crank out better jet engines, efficient cars,
         | computer vision models has exploded. Worth the trade off.
         | 
         | Recently watched an Alan Guth interview, and he made a
         | throwaway comment, paraphrased: "I proved X in this book, well,
         | Mathematica proved...". The point being that the proof was
         | multiple pages per step, and while he _could_ keep track of all
         | the sub /superscripts and perform the Einstein sums on all the
         | tensors correctly, why??? I'd rather he use his brain to think
         | up new solutions to problems, not manipulate GR equations by
         | hand.
         | 
         | I'm ignoring AGI/singularity type events, just opining about
         | the current tooling.
         | 
         | Yah, the transition will be bumpy. But we will learn the skills
         | we need for the new tools, and the old skills just won't matter
         | as much. When they do, yah, it'll be a bit more painful, but so
         | what, we gained so much efficiency we can afford the losses.
        
         | andrewmutz wrote:
         | It's not helping that in the last 10 years a culture of job-
         | hopping has taken over the tech industry. Average tenure at
         | tech companies is often ~2 years and after that people job hop
         | to increase compensation.
         | 
         | It's clear why people do it (more pay) but it sets up bad
         | incentives for the companies. Why would a company invest money
         | in growing the technical skill set of an employee, just to have
         | them leave as soon as they can get a better offer?
        
           | kulahan wrote:
           | One would assume the solution is to simply offer a good
           | package and retain employees with that. I returned to an old
           | company after a few years of floating around because I
           | realized they had the perfect mix of culture and benefits for
           | me, even if the pay isn't massive.
           | 
           | You're falling for the exact same fallacy experienced by
           | failed salesmen. "Why would I bother investing time in this
           | customer when they're just going to take my offer to another
           | dealership for a better deal?"
           | 
           | Answer: you offer a good deal and work with people honestly,
           | because if you don't, you'll _never_ get a customer.
        
             | andrewmutz wrote:
             | They could do that: hire juniors, lose money while you
             | train them, and give them aggressive raises. Or they could
             | just do what they are doing: skip the juniors and just hire
             | the people who've got experience.
        
             | izacus wrote:
             | The game theory here says that such a company will be
             | outcompeted and killed by a company which doesn't spend
             | money+time on retention and training but instead invests
             | that money in poaching.
             | 
             | What you say only works if everyone is doing it. But if
             | you're spending resources on juniors and raises, you can
             | easily be outcompeted and outpoached by companies using
             | that saved money to poach your best employees.
        
           | dgunay wrote:
           | Why didn't companies just grant raises more aggressively? Was
           | the ease of poaching engineers not a clear market signal?
        
             | QuercusMax wrote:
             | When I worked at a very small company we were extremely
             | concerned about this, and so we paid people well enough
             | that they didn't want to leave. All I can figure is that
             | the bean counters just don't understand that churn has a
             | cost.
        
             | izacus wrote:
             | Same reason why companies don't pay everyone 10 million
             | bucks a month. Where do you think the money comes from?
        
           | endemic wrote:
           | Funny, I was at my previous company almost exactly two years.
           | They never even gave me a cost of living increase, much less
           | a "raise." So I was effectively earning less each year.
           | Change needs to happen from both sides if extended tenure is
           | the goal.
        
           | ike2792 wrote:
           | When I'm hiring an engineer, HR will easily let me bump up
           | the offer by $10-20K if the candidate counters. It is nearly
           | impossible to get that same $10-20K bump for an existing
           | engineer that is performing extremely well. Companies
           | themselves set up this perverse incentive structure.
        
           | semiquaver wrote:
           | People have been saying this for at least 30 years.
        
           | loeg wrote:
           | Arguably, the cross-pollination of developers moving around
           | is good for employers.
        
         | Ferret7446 wrote:
         | This will naturally select for the people who are self driven
         | learners. In a sense this is nothing new, just a continued
         | progression of the raising of the bar of who is still able to
         | contribute economic value to the market
        
         | frmersdog wrote:
         | I don't know if that's it. Speaking from outside the tech
         | space: most of my office jobs since 2012 have been "doing the
         | easy/annoying tasks that had to be done, but more senior people
         | didn't want to 'waste time' dealing with."
         | 
         | So, there are two parts to this:
         | 
         | The first is that a lot of those tasks are non-trivial for
         | someone who isn't a digital native (and occasionally trivial
         | for people who are). That is to say that I often found myself
         | doing tasks that my bosses couldn't do in a reasonable time
         | span; they were tasks which they had ALWAYS delegated, which is
         | another way of saying that they were tasks in which proficiency
         | was not necessary at their level.
         | 
         | This leads into the second part, which is that performing these
         | tasks did not help me advance in relevant experience at all.
         | They were not related to higher-level duties, nor did they
         | endear me to the people who could have introduced me to such
         | duties. My seniors had no interest in our growth as workers;
         | anyone who wanted to see that growth had to take it into their
         | own hands, at which point "junior-level" jobs are only worth
         | the paycheck.
         | 
         | I don't know if it's a senior problem generally, or something
         | specific to this cohort of Boomer/Gen-X seniors. Gun-to-my-
         | head, I would wager the latter. They give enough examples in
         | other arenas of public life to lend credence to the notion that
         | that they simply don't care what happens to their juniors, or
         | to their companies after they leave, particularly if there is
         | added hassle in caring. This is an accusation often lobbed at
         | my own generation, to which I say, it's one of the few things
         | our forebears actually did teach us.
         | 
         | Yet again, AI is just a cover for mismanagement.
        
         | x0x0 wrote:
         | My 2 cents: they're too expensive.
         | 
         | We had code school grads asking for $110-$130. Meanwhile, I can
         | hire an actual senior engineer for $200 and he/she will be
         | easily 4x as productive and useful, while also not taking a ton
         | of mentorship time.
         | 
         | Since even that $110 costs $140, it's tough to understand how
         | companies aren't taking a bath on $700/day.
        
         | zingar wrote:
         | Do you mind giving some examples of the work that annoys
         | seniors?
        
           | ansgri wrote:
           | For me the most annoying would be a technically correct
           | solution that completely ignores the "higher-level style" of
           | the surrounding code, at the same time defending the chosen
           | solution by referencing some "best practices" that are not
           | really applicable there for some higher-level reasons, or by
           | insignificant performance concerns. Incidentally, LLMs often
           | produce similar problems, only one doesn't need to politely
           | argue with them.
        
           | twosdai wrote:
           | Writing unit tests, manual validation work, manual testing.
           | Automating Deployments of infrastructure, DNS work, tracking
           | down annoying one off bugs, fixing and validating dependency
           | issues.
           | 
           | Basically this type of maintenance work for any sufficiently
           | complex codebase. (Over 20k LOC)
           | 
           | When I was an QA intern / Software Dev Intern. I did all of
           | that junk.
        
         | amarant wrote:
         | My hottest take on this is that it might be healthy for the
         | business. During the recent boom everyone and their
         | grandmother's dog got a job as software engineers, and some
         | aren't really fit for it.
         | 
         | AI provides a bar. You need to be at least better than AI at
         | coding to become a professional. It'll take genuine interest in
         | the technology to surpass AI and clear that bar. The next
         | generation of software professionals will be smaller, but
         | unencumbered by incompetents. Their smaller number will be
         | compensated by AI that can take care of the mundane tasks, and
         | with any luck it's capabilities will only increase.
         | 
         | Surely I'm not the only one who's had colleagues with 10+years
         | experience who can't manage to check out a new branch in git?
         | We've been hiring people we shouldn't have hired.
        
       | carlCarlCarlCar wrote:
       | Maybe... that's fine?
       | 
       | We're not hiring a lot of rotary phone makers these days.
       | 
       | Who is hiring their own shoe-smith? It's been 30-ish years since
       | my carpenter father last had work boots resoled.
       | 
       | It's almost as if... technology and economy evolve over time.
       | 
       | For all the arguments software people make about freedom to use
       | their property as they see fit, they ignore non-programmers use
       | of personal technology property is coupled to the opinions of
       | programmers. Programmers ignore how they are middlemen of a sort
       | they often deride as taking away the programmer's freedom! A very
       | hypocritical group, them programmers.
       | 
       | What's so high tech about configuration of machines with lexical
       | constructs as was the norm 60+ years ago? Seems a bit old
       | fashioned.
       | 
       | Programmers are biology and biology has a tendency to be
       | nostalgic, clingy, and self selecting. Which is all programmers
       | are engaged in when they complain others won't need their skills.
        
       | frumplestlatz wrote:
       | > Imagine a tech industry where relationship skills weren't just
       | nice-to-have but essential. Where navigating complex human
       | systems was seen as a core competency.
       | 
       | If that were to actually happen, we'd wind up excluding many of
       | our greatest technical performers while drowning in a sea of
       | would-be middle managers. People skills matter, but so do many
       | other strengths that don't always overlap with being naturally
       | good at navigating interpersonal dynamics.
        
         | ah979 wrote:
         | I think I know what you may have in mind when you describe the
         | "interpersonal dynamics" of a "would-be middle manager", and I
         | probably agree with you (original author here).
         | 
         | But some of the best "people" people that I've seen in my
         | career have been the most technical, also. They were really
         | good at being able to communicate the value of their solution,
         | the problems it solves, and risks and rewards. They could get
         | buy-in from stakeholders and other teams. They could listen
         | empathetically when faced with issues and blockers. And they
         | did so with authenticity and genuine care because they were
         | passionate about software engineering.
         | 
         | I believe those are skills that can be learned and practiced
         | and that you don't have to be necessarily "social" to grow in
         | that area.
        
       | constantcrying wrote:
       | The idea that the only reasonable path into a software related
       | career is through networking may be true, but it obviously
       | signals something deeply wrong with the culture around work.
       | 
       | It is also something which is likely to be quite harmful, since
       | it selects for people who are great at networking over people who
       | have good technical skills. Obviously interpersonal communication
       | is important, but how well a 20 year old in University performs
       | at it should not doom or make their career.
       | 
       | And even people with bad social skills deserve to exist and
       | should be allowed into their chosen career. Being someone who
       | does good work and is respectful, but not overly social, _should_
       | be good enough.
        
         | ah979 wrote:
         | I agree with you, actually (I'm the original author of the
         | post). It's literally one of the main reasons that I'm writing
         | about networking so much. I have seen so many people fail up in
         | technology because they were good at networking while so many
         | other people who had better technical skills felt stuck. I
         | don't believe that to be a strong networker you have to be
         | social, though, just intentional. Technical people who may
         | struggle with the people side of things can leverage their
         | systems thinking strengths and apply it to stakeholder,
         | mentee/direct report, and cross team relationships in a way
         | that helps them move the needle on their goals. It's not easy,
         | but I do think that intentionality and sincerity are key.
        
           | QuercusMax wrote:
           | Communication, as always, is a critical skill. You don't have
           | to be a social butterfly to effectively communicate.
        
       | j6m8 wrote:
       | This is neat -- I do think this is relevant to more than just the
       | software engineering space. See also, healthcare and law (I wrote
       | more at length here, not to derail this comment thread [1]). Our
       | junior training on-ramps for a lot of knowledge-work fields are
       | in some semblance of equilibrium, but it's an unstable one.
       | 
       | [1] https://blog.jordan.matelsky.com/AI-doctors-bum-me-out/
        
       | beginnings wrote:
       | this is the end game of capitalism, where the greed driven
       | pursuit of profit wins over social maintenance and development.
       | we see it very clearly with the incredibly socially damaging mass
       | immigration to replenish the slave class and maintain the
       | mythical GDP growth, which is only "necessary" because the native
       | slave classes have been squeezed out of breeding
       | 
       | new grads will be fed to the meat grinder with no regards, its a
       | closed shop unless you know someone
        
       | austin-cheney wrote:
       | There are two problems here.
       | 
       | 1. The industry cannot define the terms junior or senior.
       | 
       | 2. Most seniors today are the prior generation's juniors with
       | almost no increase of capabilities, just more years on a resume.
       | 
       | The article asks about what happens when today's seniors retire
       | in the future. I would argue we are at that critical juncture
       | now.
        
         | leptons wrote:
         | Retire? I can never retire. I'll likely die at my keyboard.
         | Software has not provided the future I was hoping for.
        
       | tptacek wrote:
       | Over the timeline in this post, ZIRP and the pandemic seem like
       | equally important factors to LLMs in explaining hiring trends.
        
       | alephnerd wrote:
       | Sadly - as I've mentioned on HN a bunch - junior salaries need to
       | fall dramatically to somewhere in the $60k-$100k range in order
       | to make it cost effective against automation/AI or offshoring.
       | 
       | The economics of providing every new grad a $150k TC offer just
       | doesn't work in a world with the dual pressures of AI and async
       | induced offshoring.
       | 
       | Heck, once you factor in YoE, salaries and TCs outside the new
       | grad range have largely risen because having experienced
       | developers really does matter and provides positive business
       | outcomes.
       | 
       | State and local governments needs to play the same white collar
       | subsidy game that the rest of the world is playing in order to
       | help fix the economics of junior hiring for white collar roles.
       | This is why Hollywood shifted to the UK, VFX shifted to
       | Vancouver, Pharma shifted to Switzerland, and Software to India.
        
         | supportengineer wrote:
         | My fear is that isn't low enough.
        
           | alephnerd wrote:
           | Not really.
           | 
           | Building a GCC ends up costing around $60k-$100k per head in
           | operating costs without subsidizes, and deploying vibe coding
           | tools to fully replace an entire dev team end up in a similar
           | price range (but conversely they could arguably enhance
           | productivity for new grads and hires eg. Glean Search).
        
         | viraptor wrote:
         | > The economics of providing every new grad a $150k TC offer
         | 
         | It was always a weird US thing driven by huge companies and
         | VCs. In other western, developed countries ~$50k equivalent
         | would be normal. Even adjusting for other provided social
         | benefits, there's still a long way down...
        
       | stalfosknight wrote:
       | This problem is not new. No one's wanted to give juniors the time
       | of day since at least 2018 when it took me 8 months to land my
       | first software developer role.
        
       | jmclnx wrote:
       | > The social contract between large companies and employees has
       | been broken for years now. US companies are optimized for
       | quarterly earnings
       | 
       | I started in tech in the late 70s. I can say this break happened
       | during the Reagan Years with a bit of help from the Nixon Years.
        
         | bell-cot wrote:
         | I'd attach a different name and org to that change -
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Welch#General_Electric
        
       | bradlys wrote:
       | I upvoted the article for the purpose of discussion. I disagree
       | with it. The core tenant of the article is that AI is the reason
       | why companies aren't hiring juniors. That's just not it. Do
       | people just blindly believe whatever some CEO or company says in
       | their press briefings? This was all happening before the AI boom.
       | Interest rates went up, hiring went way down, and then AI
       | launched. Before interest rates, interviewing was getting harder
       | and harder every year. That's usually an indication that you have
       | more supply than demand. The bar for getting into _any_ American
       | tech company was getting much harder - not just FAANG. Leetcode
       | had gone from having practiced 50-100 questions to there being a
       | bank of over 3000+ with many people having regularly studied
       | hundreds. It went from easy /medium to being typical in
       | interviews to medium/hard being typical with many original hard
       | questions now being reclassified as mediums.
       | 
       | Wages for your typical engineer stopped going up 5+ years ago.
       | The joke of senior FAANG engineers making $400k has been a meme
       | for over 5 years. Yet, inflation has done over 20% in 5 years?
       | Look at new offers for people joining the majority of positions
       | available at public tech companies. You're not seeing $500k
       | offers regularly. Maybe at Jane Street or Anthropic or some other
       | companies that are barely hiring - all of which barely employ
       | anyone compared to FAANG. You're mostly seeing the same
       | $350-400k/yr meme.
       | 
       | The reason we're not employing new grads is the same reason as
       | the standards getting much more aggressive. Oversupply and senior
       | talent has always been valued more.
        
         | ah979 wrote:
         | I appreciate you adding nuance to the conversation. The problem
         | is much more complicated than just AI, but I (original author)
         | was using those two research studies that I cited as the basis
         | for the conversation. While 13% hiring drop doesn't mean a
         | catastrophic difference, it's a trend worth noting.
        
         | zer0tonin wrote:
         | > Wages for your typical engineer stopped going up 5+ years ago
         | 
         | Not true for Western Europe. Getting more than 60k euros yearly
         | as a software engineer was hard in 2019, it's now basically
         | impossible to get less than that.
        
       | dcchambers wrote:
       | The companies that are abandoning junior roles are making a life-
       | or-death bet that AI will eventually replace ALL work.
       | 
       | Because those senior people will NOT be around forever. And they
       | have killed their talent development and knowledge transfer
       | pipelines.
       | 
       | Either direction you take it, this feels like a lose-lose
       | situation for everyone.
        
       | anonymous908213 wrote:
       | This article is an advertisement for what appears to be a
       | networking service, something which is not really made clear
       | until near the end.
       | 
       | The article is self-serving in identifying the solutions ("do
       | things related to the service we offer, and if that doesn't work,
       | buy our service to help you do them better"), but it is a subject
       | worth talking about, so I will offer my refutation of their
       | analysis and solution.
       | 
       | The first point I'd like to make is that while the hiring market
       | is shrinking, I believe it was long overdue and that the root
       | cause is not "LLMs are takin' our jerbs", but rather the fact
       | that for probably the better part of two decades, the software
       | development field has been plagued by especially unproductive
       | workers. There are a great deal of college graduates who entered
       | the field because they were promised it was the easiest path to a
       | highly lucrative career, who never once wrote a line of code
       | outside of their coursework, who then entered a workforce that
       | values credentialism over merit, who then dragged their teams
       | down by knowing virtually nothing about programming. Productive
       | software engineers are typically compensated within a range of at
       | most a few hundred thousand dollars, but productive software
       | engineers generally create millions in value for their companies,
       | leading to a lot of excess income, some of which can be wasted on
       | inefficient hiring practices without being felt. This was bound
       | for a correction eventually, and LLMs just happened to be the
       | excuse needed for layoffs and reduced hiring of unproductive
       | employees[1].
       | 
       | Therefore, I believe the premise that you need to focus entirely
       | on doing things an LLM can't -- networking with humans -- is
       | deeply faulty. This implies that it is no longer possible to
       | compete with LLMs on engineering merit, and I could not possibly
       | disagree more. Rather than following their path forward, which
       | emphasises only networking, my actual suggestion to prospective
       | junior engineers is: build things. Gain experience on your own.
       | Make a portfolio that will wow someone. Programming is a field
       | that doesn't require apprenticeship. There is not a single other
       | discipline that has as much learning material available as
       | software development, and you can learn by doing, seeing the pain
       | points that crop up in your own code and then finding solutions
       | for them.
       | 
       | Yes, this entails programming as a hobby, doing countless hours
       | of unpaid programming for neither school nor job. If you can't do
       | that much, you will never develop the skills to be a genuinely
       | good programmer -- that applied just as much before this supposed
       | crisis, because the kind of junior engineer who never codes on
       | their own time was not being given the mentorship to turn into a
       | good engineer, but rather was given the guidance to turn them
       | into a gear that was minimally useful and only capable of
       | following rote instructions, often poorly. It is true that the
       | path of the career-only programmer who goes through life without
       | spending their own time doing coding is being closed off. But it
       | was never sustainable anyways. If you don't love programming for
       | its own sake, this field is not likely to reward you going
       | forward. University courses do not teach nearly effectively
       | enough to make even a hireable junior engineer, so you must take
       | your education into your own hands.
       | 
       | [1] Of course, layoff processes are often handled just as
       | incompetently as hiring processes, leading to some productive
       | engineers getting in the crossfire of decisions that should
       | mostly hurt unproductive engineers. I'm sympathetic to people who
       | have struggled with this, but I do believe productive engineers
       | still have a huge edge over unproductive engineers and are highly
       | likely to find success despite the flaws in human resource
       | management.
        
         | cheema33 wrote:
         | > This article is an advertisement for what appears to be a
         | networking service, something which is not really made clear
         | until near the end.
         | 
         | I have been seeing an uptick of articles on HN where someone
         | identifies a problem, then amps it up a bit more and then tells
         | you that they are the right ones to solve it for a fee.
         | 
         | These things should not be taken seriously and upvoted.
        
           | ah979 wrote:
           | Full disclosure, I'm the author (although I didn't put the
           | post up here on HN). Thanks for pointing out that I wasn't
           | very clear in my CTA and maybe made it sound shady. That's
           | not what I wanted to do, obviously.
           | 
           | It's just an app, not a service, that my husband and I built
           | (and quit our jobs for) that has a generous free trial.
           | (Technically, right now it's completely free because it's in
           | early access, so if you never upgrade, you could use it for
           | free forever.)
           | 
           | The CTA at the end was just in an effort to talk to more
           | people (for free) and see how we can help and make our
           | software better. I come from the DevOps world, and they
           | always say you have to first know how to do something really
           | well manually before you can automate it, and that's what
           | we're trying to do by talking to people (for free).
        
         | OkayPhysicist wrote:
         | The problem is that praying that someone stumbles upon your
         | brilliant hobby projects and offers you a job is a _terrible_
         | bet. Yes, you have to be good a software development, but being
         | good at software development doesn 't land you job. Being good
         | at software development, _and cutting through the noise_ gets
         | you a job. Because even if all those laid off people are
         | incompetent, they 're still applying for the same jobs you are,
         | and it is very difficult to identify who's who.
         | 
         | So, from a individual's perspective, figuring out how to meet
         | people who will help you sidestep the "unwashed masses" pile of
         | applications is probably the next most important thing after
         | technical competence (and yeah, ranking above technical
         | excellence).
        
           | anonymous908213 wrote:
           | > and it is very difficult to identify who's who.
           | 
           | That's exactly what the portfolio is for. Having an actual
           | body of work people can look at and within a couple of
           | minutes of looking think "wow, this person will definitely be
           | able to contribute something valuable to our project" will
           | immediately set you apart from every applicant who has vague,
           | unreliable credentials that are only extremely loosely
           | correlated with competence, like university trivia. You do
           | need to get as far as a human looking at your portfolio,
           | which isn't a guarantee on any given application, but once
           | you get that far your odds will skyrocket next to University
           | Graduate #130128154 who may have happened to get human eyes
           | on their application but has nothing else to set them apart.
        
         | mhedgpeth wrote:
         | Hey there, I'm the developer of the app along with my wife, the
         | author of the post. We quit our jobs over a year ago to work on
         | a problem we care about and helping people connect to their
         | goals through people is what we landed on. That being said, we
         | spend most of our time on the tech! And I think your advice is
         | spot on, that a portfolio of projects really is THE MOST
         | IMPORTANT THING. It's where I would tell people to start. But
         | from there, connecting people to others who care about that
         | portfolio, is also important. I think a lot of technical people
         | pay attention to the former, and tend to ignore the latter.
         | Which is me too! So rather than "this is the only true way" I
         | hope it comes across like a potential piece of the puzzle to
         | some people.
         | 
         | Thanks for giving it some thought and for your perspectives,
         | they really help.
        
       | Octoth0rpe wrote:
       | > The social contract between large companies and employees has
       | been broken for years now. US companies are optimized for
       | quarterly earnings, not long term investment in their employees.
       | 
       | Going to throw out another anecdote here. At a company that a
       | number of my friends work for (a fortune 50), they are currently
       | making record profits that they loudly brag about during employee
       | townhalls. They also are in the process of gutting multiple
       | departments as fast as possible with little regard for the long
       | term consequences. This is not the only company that I know of
       | acting in this way (acting like they're about to go bankrupt when
       | in fact they are seeing record profits).
       | 
       | To me the societal risk is that an entire generation of employees
       | becomes extremely jaded and unmotivated, and fairly so. We used
       | to work under the assumption that if our company is successful,
       | then the employees would be successful. Record profits == raises
       | for all, bonuses for all. And while we know that that connection
       | was never that strong, it was strong enough to let us at least
       | pretend that it was a law of universe.
       | 
       | That fundamental social contract is now at its breaking point for
       | so many workers. Who can really blame people for putting in
       | minimal effort when they have so much evidence that it will not
       | be rewarded?
        
         | Herring wrote:
         | What social contract? Companies have always been for
         | shareholders. Do you people have some kind of contract with
         | Tesla that I don't know about?
         | 
         | This entire discussion sounds crazy to me. If you want
         | socialism, vote for socialism. If you want raw unfiltered
         | capitalism, vote for the billionaire. You can't vote for the
         | billionaire and expect safety nets. That's madness.
        
           | Octoth0rpe wrote:
           | It is not socialism to note that in the past, some companies
           | have believed that their optimal relationship with their
           | employees required recognizing their value and awarding them
           | accordingly, thusly allowing them to attract/retain the best
           | employees as well as maximizing the quality of the output
           | from those employees. There has always been such a spectrum,
           | that's not socialism. The trend to notice is that the
           | spectrum is so strongly weighted towards the merciless,
           | cutthroat end of things that may actually not be optimal for
           | long term survivability of those companies whilst also as I
           | noted, be breaking the social contract that workers have
           | assumed for decades, which is also not socialism.
           | 
           | Socialism has a specific meaning, it's not just a label we
           | get to put on behaviors that we - or rather, specifically you
           | in this case - don't like.
        
             | Herring wrote:
             | There's never been any such contract. You guys must not
             | have studied the Great Depression at school.
             | 
             | Or more to the point, productivity has consistently
             | outpaced pay for most of the US workforce since the
             | mid-1970s. That's ~50 years that companies have been
             | ripping you off. It's only now you notice, because
             | rent/mortgage/school/medical have finally become so much
             | larger than pay.
             | 
             | Well now you get to live through the Great Depression and
             | study it up close.
        
               | antisthenes wrote:
               | > That's ~50 years that companies have been ripping you
               | off. It's only now you notice, because
               | rent/mortgage/school/medical have finally become so much
               | larger than pay.
               | 
               | The alternate way of looking at it is that the 50s to mid
               | 70s era saw a period of unprecedented prosperity and now
               | we are just seeing a reversion to the mean.
        
               | Herring wrote:
               | What do you mean "we"? The rich are much much richer than
               | they've ever been. The stock market is soaring. Companies
               | are seeing record profits.
               | 
               | http://web.archive.org/web/20200428221848/https://www.nyt
               | ime...
        
           | snovymgodym wrote:
           | When billionaires own the media companies that influence
           | public opinion and have legal avenues to essentially bribe
           | elected officials, does the public have a meaningful avenue
           | to vote anti-billionaire?
        
             | Herring wrote:
             | I might sympathize, but reality doesn't care. At the end of
             | the day it doesn't matter why they voted for something.
             | They did and it's here.
        
           | QuercusMax wrote:
           | Henry Ford for all his faults (and there were MANY) at least
           | understood that you gotta have a customer base for your
           | products, and that paying workers well helps everybody out.
        
             | Herring wrote:
             | Ok so that's 1 guy 100 years ago. How many golden
             | parachutes and layoffs have there been since then? Cmon
             | people put 2+2 together, it's not that hard.
        
               | Apocryphon wrote:
               | The behavior you're describing really got big in the 80s
               | with Jack Welch at GE. Which, admittedly, is nearly half
               | a century ago.
        
               | QuercusMax wrote:
               | Many of our current society's problems can be directly
               | traced back to Reagan-era policies. Anyone who seriously
               | believes in trickle-down Reaganomics is a fool or a liar.
        
             | alecco wrote:
             | Henry Ford wanted to raise salaries of his employees but
             | the Dodge brothers (who owned only 10% of the company)
             | successfully sued and "As of 2025, in Delaware, the
             | jurisdiction where over half of all U.S. public companies
             | are domiciled, shareholder primacy is still upheld."
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodge_v._Ford_Motor_Co.
        
               | newsclues wrote:
               | My understanding is that that legal case really states
               | that you can't defraud your shareholders by funnelling
               | money into other businesses they have no ownership in.
               | 
               | It doesn't set the legal standard that profits must be
               | maximized which is impossible.
        
               | Ethee wrote:
               | Correct, a quote from the linked wiki article: "Dodge is
               | often misread or mistaught as setting a legal rule of
               | shareholder wealth maximization. This was not and is not
               | the law. Shareholder wealth maximization is a standard of
               | conduct for officers and directors, not a legal mandate.
               | The business judgment rule [which was also upheld in this
               | decision] protects many decisions that deviate from this
               | standard. This is one reading of Dodge. If this is all
               | the case is about, however, it isn't that interesting."
               | -- M. Todd Henderson
        
           | moregrist wrote:
           | Socialism is when the state (ie: the government) _owns_
           | industries.
           | 
           | A social contract is an implicit agreement that everyone more
           | or less accepts without anything being necessarily legally
           | binding.
           | 
           | For example, the courtesy of two weeks notice in the US is a
           | social contract: there's nothing legally requiring it, but
           | there are _social_ consequences (ie: your reference might be
           | less positive) if you don't follow it.
           | 
           | Everything that's kind of in an employee's favor is not
           | socialism. You don't have to like the idea of "work hard,
           | help the company do well, get rewarded," but that isn't
           | socialism. It's just a thing you don't like.
        
             | Herring wrote:
             | It's not that I don't like it. It's more that I think
             | you're being lied to. Inequality has been going up in the
             | US for a very long time, which means a lot of people are
             | not being rewarded as much as they should. But they still
             | buy into the system that is impoverishing them.
             | 
             | The top 10% of income earners in the US account for 50% of
             | consumer spending. LMK if you think that's part of the
             | contract.
             | https://www.marketplace.org/story/2025/02/24/higher-
             | income-a...
        
               | jeremyjh wrote:
               | Inequality going up means the situation is changing and
               | that is what people are complaining about. There
               | definitely has been a culture shift as MBAs took over
               | executive leadership and their compensation packages
               | skyrocketed. Companies were always for the share holders
               | but there used to be more consideration of the longer-
               | term value for the company that amounted to appreciation
               | of and fairer treatment for both employees and customers.
               | 
               | I also think though that individual experiences of this
               | kind are more about specific companies maturing than a
               | widespread culture shift. A lot of people on these forums
               | worked in tech companies that are relatively young and
               | have changed a lot over the past two decades.
        
           | Atomic_Torrfisk wrote:
           | > What social contract? Companies have always been for
           | shareholders.
           | 
           | You are not wrong, but the contract is/was metaphorical. For
           | a long time people were able to make a living for themselves
           | by studying hard (usually STEM) and end up with a career
           | which payed off. That was the invisible "contract". Hell I
           | went to university for things which seem like academic navel
           | gazing, but I still got a good tech job on the other side.
           | That's not the reality for a lot of graduates nowdays who
           | take more practical degrees at masters and phd levels.
           | 
           | Again even if the literal statement is clearly false, it is
           | the sentiment which matters, and this sentiment does not just
           | apply to graduates. I think many just feel like working hard
           | does not work anymore, especially in the face of housing,
           | cost of living, job competition and social media flaunting
           | the wealth of others.
           | 
           | I get the idea from my younger siblings, "Why try if you are
           | already a looser."
        
             | alephnerd wrote:
             | > For a long time people were able to make a living for
             | themselves by studying hard (usually STEM) and end up with
             | a career which payed off
             | 
             | Recessions like the GFC, the Dot Bomb, the early 90s, the
             | Asian Financial Crisis, the early 80s, Stagflation, and
             | others show otherwise.
             | 
             | The extended bull run that SWEs had from the early 2010s to
             | 2022 was an outlier, and the whiplash being felt today is
             | comparable to what law and finance grads faced in the
             | 2010s, accounting majors in the 2000s, and Aerospace/MechE
             | majors in the 1990s.
        
         | ThrowawayR2 wrote:
         | Those of us familiar with the Dilbert comic strip of the
         | '90s-'00s are having a good chuckle at the idea that there was
         | ever a social contract. What you think of as a social contract
         | was a fiction enabled only by the explosive growth of the
         | software industry during the Internet and mobile web of the
         | last twenty years. It's easy to be generous to employees when
         | the profits just keep growing on their own. It's easy to
         | overlook mediocrity (and sub-mediocrity) when as many warm
         | bodies are possible are needed to fulfill business objectives.
         | 
         | That's all over now; the growth spurt of a young software
         | industry has given way to maturity. We'll be navigating an
         | employment environment much like what the norm is in other
         | technical professions with tougher standards and fiercer
         | competition for good jobs.
        
         | timoth3y wrote:
         | I think a lot of this has to do with the explosion of CEO (and
         | by extension CxO) pay over the past 30 years.
         | 
         | Today, a CEO can turn in a few quarters of really solid
         | earnings growth, they can earn enough to retire to a life a
         | private jets. Back when CxO pay was lower, the only way to make
         | that kind of bank was to claw your way into the top job and
         | stay there for a decade or more.
         | 
         | The current situation strongly incentivizes short-term
         | thinking.
         | 
         | With today's very high, option-heavy compensation a CEO making
         | long-term investments in the company rather than cutting staff
         | and doing stock buybacks is taking money out of his own pocket.
         | 
         | It's a perverse incentive.
        
       | beginnings wrote:
       | for anyone with children, dont waste their time with traditional
       | school, that path is stone dead and is leading nowhere but the
       | abyss of the permanent underclass
       | 
       | apologise for inflicting this era on them and teach them to be
       | entrepreneurial, teach them how to build, teach them rust on the
       | backend, teach them postgres, teach them about assets maintaining
       | value while money loses its
       | 
       | tell them to never under any circumstances take on a mortgage,
       | especially not the 50 year variety. tell them to stay at home for
       | as long as possible and save as much as possible and put it into
       | assets: gold, silver, bitcoin, monero
       | 
       | they must escape the permanent underclass, nothing else matters
        
         | koakuma-chan wrote:
         | Just don't have children. All this churn (learning whatever)
         | isn't worth it (for them).
        
           | NoMoreNicksLeft wrote:
           | >Just don't have children.
           | 
           | Despite everything, I like it that humanity exists. I want
           | humanity to continue to exist. I reject any notion or
           | attitude that would, taken to its logical conclusion, result
           | in the extinction of humanity. And, even more so, that would
           | result in the extinction of my family and lineage. For your
           | sake, I hope that this is just edgy horseshit that you will
           | soon grow out of.
        
             | koakuma-chan wrote:
             | Let's see if I will grow out of it. I am curios as well. I
             | currently think the opposite--that humanity is inherently
             | flawed, and that the vast majority of humans will always
             | live miserably.
        
           | ch4s3 wrote:
           | This is a weird take. There are plenty of ways to build a
           | meaningful life that don't involve writing code or slinging
           | emails and powerpoints for a living. The guy I call to do
           | plumbing work has several kids and does fine for himself.
        
             | koakuma-chan wrote:
             | Chances are he smokes or gets drunk or beats his wife or
             | any combination thereof, or other similar activities. This
             | can be said about any person who works as a plumber,
             | construction worker, or similar, their whole life. And I am
             | not blaming them, this appears to be the sad reality and
             | the nature of our society.
        
       | jedberg wrote:
       | I've been saying this for years, since the first AI coding models
       | came out. Where do the juniors go to learn? I'm a senior engineer
       | because I got to do a bunch of annoying tasks and innovate just
       | slightly to make them better.
       | 
       | That opportunity is now lost. In a few years we will lack senior
       | engineers because right now we lack junior engineers.
       | 
       | All is not lost however. Some companies are hiring junior
       | engineers and giving them AI, and telling them to learn how to
       | use AI to do their job. These will be our seniors of the future.
       | 
       | But my bigger concern is that every year the AI models become
       | more capable, so as the "lost ladder" moves up, the AI models
       | will keep filling in the gaps, until they can do the work of a
       | Senior supervised by a Staff, then the work of a Staff supervised
       | by a Principal, and so on.
       | 
       | The good news is that this is a good antidote to the other
       | problem in our industry -- a lot of people got into software
       | engineering for the money in the last few decades, not for the
       | joy of programming. These are the folks that will be replaced
       | first, leaving only those who truly love solving the hardest
       | problems.
        
         | devin wrote:
         | I'm more pessimistic. It costs too much to go back to college
         | and retrain. The result is going to be a generation of
         | ambitious people doing a craft they hate. The results are going
         | to be dismal.
        
       | jmyeet wrote:
       | Short term thinking and short term profit seeking are going to
       | destroy every industry they touch. This article failed to bring
       | up 2 important points.
       | 
       | Firstly, we've been here before, specifically in 2008. This was
       | the real impact of the GFC. The junior hiring pipeline got
       | decimated in many industries and never returned. This has created
       | problems for an entire generation (ie the millenials) who went to
       | college and accumulated massive amounts of debt for careers that
       | never eventuated. Many of those careers existed before 2008.
       | 
       | The long-term consequences of this are still playing out. It's
       | delaying life milestones like finding a partner, buying a house,
       | having a family and generally just having security of any kind.
       | 
       | Secondly, there is a whole host of other industries this has
       | affected that the author couldn't pointed to. The most obvious is
       | the entertainment industry.
       | 
       | You may have asked "why do we need to wait 3 years between
       | seasons of 8 episodes now when we used to put out 22 episodes a
       | year?" It's a good question and the answer is this exact same
       | kind of cost-cutting. Writers rooms got smaller and typically now
       | the entire season is written and then it's produced when the
       | writers are no longer there with the exception of the showrunner,
       | who is the head writer.
       | 
       | So writers are rarely on set now. This was the training ground
       | for future showrunners. Also, writers were employed for 9 months
       | or more for the 22 episode run and now they're employed for maybe
       | 3 months so need multiple jobs a year. Getting jobs in this
       | industry is hard and time-consuming and the timing just may not
       | work out.
       | 
       | Plus the real cost of streaming is how it destroyed residuals
       | because Netflix (etc) are paying far fewer residuals (because
       | they're showing their own origianl content) and those residuals
       | sustained workers in the entertainment industry so they could
       | have long-term careers and that experience wouldn't be lost. The
       | LA entertainmen tindustry is in a dire state for these reasons
       | and also because a lot of it is being offshored to further reduce
       | costs.
       | 
       | Bear in mind that the old system produced cultural touchstones
       | and absolute cash cows eg Seinfeld, Friends, ER.
       | 
       | Circling back, the entire goal of AI Is to displace workers and
       | cut costs. That's it. It's no more compolicated than that. And
       | yes, junior workers and less-skilled workers will suffer first
       | and the most. But those junior engineers would otherwise be
       | future senior engineers.
       | 
       | What I would like for people to understand that all of this is
       | about short-term decisions to cut costs. It's no more complicated
       | than that.
        
         | CyberDildonics wrote:
         | Are you really saying the production turn around time of a
         | multi-camera sitcom compared to full on movie quality TV shows
         | is due to more writers?
        
           | Apocryphon wrote:
           | Here's a decent video about the impact of streaming on the
           | traditional TV system:
           | 
           | https://youtu.be/b8eB-VnHdZ4
        
           | jmyeet wrote:
           | There are multiple factors.
           | 
           | For example, the death of optical media has had a massive
           | impact on the entertainment industry, particularly movies.
           | Matt Damon has spoken about this, on Hot Wings of all places
           | [1].
           | 
           | Streaming began as a alternate path for monetizing old
           | content other than cable TV syndication. And it was excelelnt
           | for this in the early years. At that time it was bonus
           | income.
           | 
           | But streaming also ushered in a golden age for watching
           | serialized content so it's a mixed bag.
           | 
           | Loss of writers is just one factor. Filming fewer episodes,
           | moving production out of the US and loss os residuals all
           | contribute to killing this ecosystem.
           | 
           | [1]: https://streamable.com/pedvjq
        
       | aynyc wrote:
       | I'm gonna get some downvote, but I'll say this. Over the last 10
       | years, the quality of the juniors trends opposite of salary
       | curve. We don't have a crazy interview process, nor are we
       | working on anything ground breaking. By any measurement, we are a
       | run of the mill company that don't offer top end salary but
       | market competitive. The quality of junior engineers I've
       | interviewed has been abysmal. Maybe because we don't have the
       | name nor the high end salary, or maybe our recruiting firms and
       | HR suck in general. My no-hire/hire ratio is literally 50:1. Most
       | of them can't even answer basic computer science questions such
       | as under what condition that a binary search is useful, what's
       | the difference between NoSQL database and relational database, or
       | converting binary to decimal, etc.. They all talk about cloud and
       | distributed computing, etc..
        
         | mierz00 wrote:
         | I feel this pain.
         | 
         | We have an intern that is finishing a four year computer
         | science degree that has no clue what git is, never used a log
         | and all he presents is AI garbage.
         | 
         | I find it profoundly depressing to try and teach someone who
         | has no interest in the craft.
        
         | Tade0 wrote:
         | > The quality of junior engineers I've interviewed has been
         | abysmal. Maybe because we don't have the name nor the high end
         | salary, or maybe our recruiting firms and HR suck in general.
         | My hire/no-hire ratio is literally 50:1.
         | 
         | I'm sorry but to me this part reads like a humorous phrase
         | that's popular in some circles in my region which goes:
         | 
         | "Maybe <list of negative things, usually correct
         | characterizations of the speaker>, but at least <something even
         | worse>"
         | 
         | The companies I worked for used automated coding quizzes like
         | Codility to weed out the worst applicants, but I suspect you're
         | already doing that.
         | 
         | How is them knowing when binary search is useful relevant to
         | what they'll be doing at work should they get hired?
        
           | aynyc wrote:
           | > How is them knowing when binary search is useful relevant
           | to what they'll be doing at work should they get hired?
           | 
           | Because of our work is changing, faster than ever, not day to
           | day but over time. You need a foundation to handle that
           | change. My 2X years experience showed me that the people who
           | has strong foundation handle the transition well. If I'm
           | going to hire and invest and mentor, I want that person to be
           | successful.
        
         | yodsanklai wrote:
         | > My hire/no-hire ratio is literally 50:1
         | 
         | 80% of the candidate I interview pass (leetcode style coding
         | interview, as mandated by the company). This is actually
         | annoying because I'll probably have to raise the bar and start
         | rejecting very good candidates.
        
           | aynyc wrote:
           | Sorry, flip that number around. 1 in 50 passes the interview.
        
       | ericmcer wrote:
       | > "Companies replace junior positions with AI + Senior engineers
       | have been excused from mentorship responsibilities + Companies
       | optimize for immediate results = A systemic issue that no one
       | person can fix"
       | 
       | They forgot to add in "Aging billionaires spend a trillion
       | dollars on longevity research" which results in "110 year old
       | Senior engineers still working"
        
         | ah979 wrote:
         | touche (author here)
        
       | teeray wrote:
       | > the unintended consequence of that is that we've spent a decade
       | normalizing senior engineers opting out of developing the next
       | generation.
       | 
       | This is because "management" includes a bunch of BS that few
       | engineers want to actually deal with. Performance discussions,
       | 1:1s, being hauled into mandatory upper-level meetings, not
       | actually building things anymore, etc. If it was simply pairing
       | with juniors from time to time to hack on things and show them
       | cool stuff, it would be wonderful.
        
         | QuercusMax wrote:
         | Many companies have different career tracks for managers than
         | for individual contributors (even tech leads are considered
         | ICs). Mentoring junior engineers is absolutely in scope for
         | what senior ICs can be recognized for.
        
       | mfbx9da4 wrote:
       | Isn't it also easier than ever to learn though? The moat that
       | seniors built around their expertise enabled a juicy buffer of
       | mediocre devs paid mediocre rates pushing up the value of
       | mythical 10x engineers.
        
       | ilc wrote:
       | I think AI clouds the real issues around Junior hiring. Defective
       | companies.
       | 
       | Let's say you hire your great new engineer. Ok, great! Now their
       | value is going to escalate RAPIDLY over the next 2-3 years. And
       | by rapidly, it could be 50-100%. Because someone else will pay
       | that to NOT train a person fresh out of college!
       | 
       | What company hands out raises aggressively enough to stay ahead
       | of that truth? None of them, maybe a MANGA or some other thing.
       | But most don't.
       | 
       | So, managers figure out fresh out of college == training
       | employees for other people, so why bother? The company may not
       | even break even!
       | 
       | That is the REAL catch 22. Not AI. It is how the value of people
       | changes early in their career.
        
         | QuercusMax wrote:
         | I actually got a major raise after 6m, and then another major
         | raise 1y into my career, because my boss recognized my value.
         | 
         | Sadly this is not as common as it should be - but I've also
         | mentored folks at FAANGs who got promoted after 1y at the new-
         | hire level because they were so clearly excelling. The first
         | promotion is usually not very hard to attain if you're in the
         | top quartile.
        
           | supportengineer wrote:
           | "Winner take all" environment
        
       | imglorp wrote:
       | The first graph is interesting: it showed all groups about the
       | same until late 2022 when they start to diverge. Around that
       | time, we were talking about "greedflation" and "over hired during
       | covid", and probably most important, the first year after
       | expiration of Section 174 R&D was 2022.
       | 
       | Good luck with causation/correlation vs the rise of LLM.
        
       | maciejzj wrote:
       | This is truly heartbreaking, programming was the last profession
       | beside medicine doctor that guaranteed young people good start in
       | life in my country.
       | 
       | It is insane how much screwed over we are. I am about to turn 30
       | soon with 5 YoE, PhD in ML which supposedly is the cutting edge
       | stuff. Yet I have no prospects to even buy a tiny flat and start
       | "normal life". AI eats its own tail, I have no idea what I should
       | do and what to learn to have any sensible prospects in life.
        
       | silexia wrote:
       | A lot of this may be due to the recent far left changes in
       | curriculum at many universities. A degree used to sort of a
       | certificate an employer could rely upon that someone had basic
       | skills. That is no longer the case. This makes older employees
       | where the certificate was still reliable more attractive.
        
         | QuercusMax wrote:
         | "far left changes"? What are you even talking about? You think
         | there's some new "woke" CS curriculum which doesn't actually
         | teach algorithms?
        
       | tempire wrote:
       | Nothing has changed. The problem is the same as it always was.
       | 
       | There is an unbounded amount of opportunity available for those
       | who want to grab hold of it.
       | 
       | If you want to rely on school and get the approval of the
       | corporate machine, you are subject to the whims of their
       | circumstance.
       | 
       | Or, you can go home, put in the work, learn the tech, become the
       | expert, and punch your own ticket. The information is freely
       | available. Your time is your own.
       | 
       | Put. In. The. Work.
        
       | lordnacho wrote:
       | I suspect this junior hiring crisis thing is linked to the
       | ridiculous hoops people are put through to get a job these days.
       | 
       | When I was starting, you were checked for potential as a trainee.
       | In my case, options trading. They checked over that you could do
       | some mental arithmetic, and that you had a superficial idea of
       | what trading was about. Along with a degree from a fancy
       | university, that was all that was needed. I didn't know much
       | about coding, and I didn't know much about stochastic
       | differential equations.
       | 
       | A couple of weeks ago, a young guy contacted me about his
       | interview with an options trading firm. This guy had spent half a
       | year learning every stat/prob trick question ever. All those game
       | theory questions about monks with stickers on their foreheads,
       | all the questions about which card do you need to turn over, the
       | lot. The guy could code, and had learned a bunch of ML to go with
       | it. He prepared for their trading game with some really great
       | questions to me about bet sizing.
       | 
       | I was convinced he was simply overly nervous about his prospects,
       | because I'd never met someone so well prepared.
       | 
       | Didn't get the job.
       | 
       | Now I can assure you, he could have done the job. But apparently,
       | firms want to hire people who are nearly fully developed on their
       | own dime.
       | 
       | When they get their analyst class, I guess there is going to be
       | nobody who can't write async python. Everyone will know how to
       | train an ML on a massive dataset, everyone will already know how
       | to cut latency in the system.
       | 
       | All things that I managed to learn while being paid.
       | 
       | You gotta ask yourself whether we really want a society where
       | people have to already know the job before they get their first
       | job. Where everyone is like a doctor: already decided at age 16
       | that this was the path they wanted to follow, choosing classes
       | towards that goal, and sticking with it until well into
       | adulthood. And they have to essentially pay to get this job,
       | because it comes at at cost of exploring other things (as well as
       | actual money to live).
        
         | supportengineer wrote:
         | I feel like only the biggest companies can afford to put up all
         | these roadblocks to employment.
         | 
         | A smaller size company, perhaps in a lower COL city, might have
         | a more "human" side to them, simply because they can't afford
         | all the nonsense.
        
         | beezlebroxxxxxx wrote:
         | > You gotta ask yourself whether we really want a society where
         | people have to already know the job before they get their first
         | job. Where everyone is like a doctor: already decided at age 16
         | that this was the path they wanted to follow, choosing classes
         | towards that goal, and sticking with it until well into
         | adulthood. And they have to essentially pay to get this job,
         | because it comes at at cost of exploring other things (as well
         | as actual money to live).
         | 
         | With the way higher-ed works in the US, and the way certain
         | schools opportunity hoard to an insane degree, that is
         | effectively already the case for whole industries and has been
         | so for decades at this point. It's practically an open secret
         | that getting _into_ some schools is the golden ticket rather
         | than the grades you earn while there. Many top schools are just
         | networking and finishing schools for whole  "elite" industries.
        
         | ashwindharne wrote:
         | I've found that this phenomenon exacerbates inequality too:
         | 
         | If you attend a well-known college that bigco's hire from
         | frequently, there's a lot of knowledge floating around about
         | interview prep, hiring schedules, which companies pay the best,
         | etc. Clubs host "interview prep workshops" where they'd teach
         | the subject matter of interviews, host events(hackathons, case
         | competitions, etc.) to help you bolster your resume for
         | applying to these bigco's. So just by attending a
         | better/fancier school, you'd have pretty decent odds of
         | eventually getting a job at one of these prestigious places.
         | 
         | If you were to attend a less prestigious school, regardless of
         | your aptitude or capability, the information asymmetry is so
         | bad that you'll never learn of the prerequisites for even being
         | considered for some of these roles. Not many upperclassmen will
         | have interned at fancy employers, so they won't be there to
         | help you drill dynamic programming/black-scholes/lbo models,
         | and won't tell you that you need to have your applications
         | prepped by a certain date, and won't tell you that you should
         | be working on side projects/clubs, etc.
         | 
         | I suppose that the apprenticeship model biases towards people
         | that already have connections, so perhaps inequality was
         | already bad, whereas now we just have an information asymmetry
         | that's more easily solvable.
        
       | dataviz1000 wrote:
       | Ask HN:
       | 
       | I have a friend of a friend in his mid 20s who finished a masters
       | degree in data science focused on AI. There isnt a job for him
       | and I think hes given up.
       | 
       | In Letters to a Young Poet Rilke responded to a young aspiring
       | poet who asked how a person knows whether the artistic path is
       | truly their calling:
       | 
       | > "There is only one thing you should do. Go into yourself. Find
       | out the reason that commands you to write; see whether it has
       | spread its roots into the very depths of your heart; confess to
       | yourself whether you would have to die if you were forbidden to
       | write. This most of all: ask yourself in the most silent hour of
       | your night: must I write? Dig into yourself for a deep answer.
       | And if this answer rings out in assent, if you meet this solemn
       | question with a strong, simple "I must," then build your life in
       | accordance with this necessity; your whole life, even into its
       | humblest and most indifferent hour, must become a sign and
       | witness to this impulse."
       | 
       | How do I respond to this friend of a friend? Is data science or
       | coding in general the path for you only if you would rather die
       | than stop merging pull requests into main every day even when
       | nobody is paying you?
       | 
       | Is coding the new poetry?
       | 
       | What do I tell this guy?
        
         | zer0tonin wrote:
         | Having a data science degree doesn't really mean much by
         | itself. There's a lot of graduates that come out of it with no
         | marketable skills.
         | 
         | And no, coding is not the new poetry. I wish people would stop
         | spamming this website with doomer nonsense like this.
        
         | lordnacho wrote:
         | 99% of us can't live like that.
         | 
         | The other place you will meet struggling artists is sports.
         | Train several times a week, neglect your social life, your
         | studies, just learn how to chase after a ball.
         | 
         | Only people who are crazy driven will actually do this. The
         | ones who don't make it, they try to climb up from lower league
         | clubs. They go on and on, carving out a career.
         | 
         | But most kids do not have a burning passion for anything. They
         | are curious, they're smart, they want to explore the world. But
         | they haven't found a calling. If they try to go through the eye
         | of the needle, they find it's quite hard, because those paths
         | are taken by guys with a mental lock on a certain career.
         | 
         | What to tell the guy? He's picked the subject that is the most
         | useful for learning about the world. Go around and look at
         | things. There's so much that a person who can code and can deal
         | with statistics can apply himself do.
        
       | supportengineer wrote:
       | Perhaps juniors (and in fact all of us) are going to seem more
       | palatable as contractors at first?
       | 
       | Single-Payer health care would help our industry immensely if it
       | came to pass.
       | 
       | Imagine having no fear any more.
        
         | alephnerd wrote:
         | > Perhaps juniors (and in fact all of us) are going to seem
         | more palatable as contractors at first
         | 
         | It actually might help.
         | 
         | This is the model used in Eastern Europe and India - the vast
         | majority of new grads are hired by mass recruiters like EPAM,
         | WITCH, Deloitte, and Accenture at low base salaries but also
         | the expectation that they self train and learn _how_ to become
         | productive SWEs, or they just stagnate at the low rungs. Japan,
         | Korea, and China use a similar model as well.
         | 
         | But honestly, even FTE isn't much of a headache if I can hire a
         | junior SWE for $60k-80k, invest in training them, and then
         | bumping salaries to market rate after they have matured. This
         | is what a number of traditional F500s like Danaher [0], AbbVie
         | [1], and Capital One [2] do via Leadership and Trainee
         | Development Programs, and honestly, it's much easier to make a
         | case to hire someone if they have a couple of years of real
         | world work experience.
         | 
         | [0] - https://jobsblog.danaher.com/blog/leadership-development-
         | pro...
         | 
         | [1] - https://www.abbvie.com/join-us/student-programs.html
         | 
         | [2] - https://www.capitalonecareers.com/get-ahead-with-early-
         | caree...
        
       | rybosworld wrote:
       | It's not obvious to me that AI is the reason for the hiring
       | slowdown.
       | 
       | ChatGPT was pretty useless when it first released. It was neat
       | that you could talk to it but I don't think it actually became a
       | tool you could depend on (and even then, in a very limited way)
       | until sometime in 2024.
       | 
       | Basically:
       | 
       | - the junior hiring slowdown started in 2022.
       | 
       | - but LLM's have only really been useful in a work context
       | starting around 2024.
       | 
       | As for this point:
       | 
       | > According to very recent research from Stanford's Digital
       | Economy Lab, published in August of this year, companies that
       | adopt AI at higher rates are hiring juniors 13% less
       | 
       | The same point stands. The junior hiring slowdown existed before
       | the AI spend.
        
       | Barathkanna wrote:
       | This is true. As a startup founder I've invested heavily in
       | mentoring juniors, and all of my current developers actually
       | started as interns. They've grown fast and delivered real results
       | because we gave them trust, support, and room to learn. The
       | companies that say "there are no good juniors" are usually the
       | ones that never bothered to train any.
        
       | womitt wrote:
       | Instead the: Come up with you new job instead of doing old
       | peoples job opportunity
        
       | robomartin wrote:
       | This topic requires analysis to a greater depth than most
       | comments I've seen so far.
       | 
       | It wasn't too long ago that it was common to read threads on HN
       | and other tech fora about universities graduating software
       | engineers seriously lacking coding skills. This was evidenced by
       | often-torturous interview processes that would herd dozens to
       | hundreds of applicants through filters to, among other things,
       | rank them based on their ability to, well, understand and write
       | software.
       | 
       | This process is inefficient, slow and expensive. Companies would
       | much rather be able to trust that a CS degree carries with it a
       | level of competence commensurate with what the degree implies.
       | Sadly, they cannot, still, today, they cannot.
       | 
       | And so, the root cause of the issue isn't AI or LLM's, it's
       | universities churning people through programs and granting
       | degrees that often times mean very little other than "spent at
       | least four years pretending to learn something".
       | 
       | If you are thinking that certain CS-degree-granting universities
       | could be classified as scams, you might be right.
       | 
       | And so, anyone with half a braincell, will, today, look at the
       | availability of LLM tools for coding as a way to stop (or reduce)
       | the insanity and be able to get on with business without having
       | to deal with as much of the nonsense.
       | 
       | Nobody here makes a product or offers a service (hardware,
       | software, anything) for the love of the art. We make things to
       | solve problems for people and services. That's why you exists.
       | Not to look after a social contract (as a comment suggested).
       | Sorry, that's nonsense. The company making spark plugs makes
       | spark plugs, they are not on this planet to support some
       | imaginary public good. Solving the problem is how they
       | contribute.
       | 
       | And, in order to solve problems, you need people who are capable
       | of deploying the skills necessary to do so. If universities are
       | graduating people who can barely make a contribution to the
       | mission at hand, companies are going to always look for ways to
       | mitigate that blocking element. Today, LLM's are starting to
       | provide that solution.
       | 
       | So it isn't about greed or some other nonsense idealistic view of
       | the universe. If I can't hire capable people, I will gladly give
       | senior engineers more tools to support the work they have to do.
       | 
       | As is often the case, the solution to so many problems today
       | --including this one-- is found in education. Our universities
       | need to be setup to succeed or fail based on the quality of the
       | education they deliver. This has almost never been the case.
       | Which means you have large scale farming operations granting
       | degrees that can easily be dwarfed by an LLM.
       | 
       | And don't think that this is only a problem a the entry level. I
       | recently worked with a CTO who, to someone with experience, was
       | so utterly unqualified for the job it was just astounding that he
       | had been give the position in the first place. It was clearly a
       | case of him not knowing just how much he didn't know. It didn't
       | take much to make the case for replacing him with a qualified
       | individual or risk damage to the company's products and
       | reputation going forward.
       | 
       | A knowledgeable entry-level professional who also has solid AI-
       | as-a-tool skills is invaluable. Note that first they have to come
       | out of university with real skills. They cannot acquire those
       | after the fact. Not any more.
       | 
       | NOTE: To the inevitable naive socialist/communist-leaning folks
       | in our mix. Love your enthusiasm and innocence, but, no,
       | companies do not exist to make a profit. Try starting one for
       | once in your naive life with that specific mission as your
       | guiding principle and see how far you'll get.
       | 
       | Companies succeed by solving problems for people and other
       | companies. Their clients and customers exchange currency for the
       | value they deliver. The amount they are willing to pay is
       | proportionate to the value of the problem being solved as
       | perceived by the customer --and only the customer.
       | 
       | Company management has to charge more than the mere raw cost of
       | the product or service for a massive range of reasons that I
       | cannot possibly list here. A simple case might be having to spend
       | millions of dollars and devote years (=cost) to creating such
       | solutions. And, responsible companies, will charge enough to be
       | able to support ongoing work, R&D, operations, etc. and have
       | enough funds on hand to survive the inevitable market downturns.
       | Without this, they would have to let half the employees go every
       | M.N years just because of natural business cycles.
       | 
       | So, yeah, before you go off talking about businesses like you've
       | never started or ran a non-trivial anything (believe me, it is
       | blatantly obvious when reading your comments), you might want to
       | make an attempt to understand that your stupid Marxists
       | professors or sources had absolutely no clue, were talking out of
       | their asses, never started or ran a business, and everything they
       | pounded into your brains fails the most basic tests with
       | objective, on-the-ground, skin-in-the-game reality.
        
       | bitwize wrote:
       | We are all systems analysts now. We are all business people. Or
       | we're out of a job. Programming as a skill in itself is largely
       | obsolete. It's all about understanding the business: what it
       | needs, how it operates. That takes holistic thinking and people
       | skills that programmers historically just didn't have. They'll
       | adapt, or they'll leave the field.
        
       | dzonga wrote:
       | I personally think - Juniors will be okay, if they stick to
       | *fundamentals*
       | 
       | lots of "seniors" via title inflation dont have fundamentals
       | anyways - hence a lot of broken software in the wild & also
       | perverse incentives like Resume driven development. A.I is built
       | on badly written open source code.
       | 
       | because once you have the fundamentals, built a few things - you
       | would've battle scars which makes someone a senior
       | 
       | not the 'senior' we see in big corps or places cosplaying where
       | promos are based on playing politics.
        
       | itsjamesmurray wrote:
       | My team wrote about this same phenomenon in marketing:
       | https://www.behindthecmo.com/p/the-seniorification-of-market...
       | 
       | Its a double edged sword too. I see it in my biz -- its easier to
       | spend 40 hours training a model how to do things the way we like
       | rather than hire someone junior and spend a month+ on onboarding.
       | We are noticing hitting a wall to a certain point with clients
       | still wanting to talk to a real person, but I can see that
       | changing in the next ~5 years. Zero idea what happens to those
       | junior folks that used to get trained (me being one that sat
       | through a 3mo onboarding program!).
        
         | ghaff wrote:
         | I'm not sure how much is about LLMs directly. But as I've
         | written elsewhere, there's definitely a circular pattern where
         | a lot of junior employees think this is going to be an 18 month
         | thing and companies allocate training and mentoring budgets
         | accordingly.
         | 
         | There is a fair bit of anecdotal evidence that junior hiring--
         | at least in the software space--is fairly difficult currently.
         | Via internships at good schools etc. may be better but I have
         | to believe that off the street from bootcamps and the like is
         | pretty tough.
        
       | RustySwarf wrote:
       | It's like the whole idea of a company has inverted. Instead of
       | "We'll assemble a team, then use that capability to make things,
       | and solve problems" the idea is "the machine basically runs
       | itself, how much can we get away with minimizing upkeep?"
       | 
       | Default "people have value because human attention solves
       | problems", has become default "existing org structure has value
       | because existing revenue streams are stable."
       | 
       | The idea of a company used to contain an implied optimism. "If we
       | get capable people together, we can accomplish great things!" Now
       | that optimism has been offloaded to the individual, to prove
       | their worth before they can take part.
        
       | ricardobeat wrote:
       | > "I'm an IC not a manager," became an acceptable argument to
       | avoid this work
       | 
       | Has anyone ever seen a manager mentoring ICs? I haven't. This is
       | a senior/staff/principal responsibility.
        
       | crisdux wrote:
       | It feels like there is a psyop going on. Blaming job loss and
       | less entry level jobs on "AI". The real simple reason... Jobs are
       | going overseas, many of them junior level jobs. They are laying
       | off people and then hiring a proportional amount of people
       | overseas. Why are folks falling for this AI nonsense?
        
       | andrewrn wrote:
       | To try and add in some anecdotes without injecting too much
       | baggage:
       | 
       | I am an older gen-z and launching my career has felt nigh on
       | impossible. At my first job, the allergy toward mentorship this
       | article mentions was incredibly palpable. None of my several
       | managers had management experience, and one of them openly told
       | me they didn't want to be managing me. The one annual review I
       | got was from someone who worked alongside me for a week.
       | 
       | Follow that experience up with a layoff and a literally futile
       | job search, and its hard to be optimistic about building much of
       | a career.
        
       | jpalomaki wrote:
       | We have articles that are very skeptical about whether AI
       | companies will ever make any money.
       | 
       | And then we have others claiming that AI is already having such a
       | significant impact on hiring that the effects are clearly visible
       | in the statistics.
        
         | AnimalMuppet wrote:
         | Those two are not contradictory.
         | 
         | AI _companies_ could never make any money (statement about the
         | future, and about AI companies, and finances). And AI could be
         | having a visible effect on hiring today (statement about now,
         | and about non-AI companies, and about employment).
         | 
         | They don't have to both be true, but they do not inherently
         | contradict each other.
        
         | illini1 wrote:
         | Those two phenomena can be true at the same time.
        
       | lovich wrote:
       | This is just a continuation of general labor practices in US
       | companies.
       | 
       | I have been unable to get a tech job for months so I've looked
       | into retraining in a new field and every single one has some up
       | front large cost via either paying for schooling or situations
       | like mechanics needing to bring their own tools.
       | 
       | The standard US company has completely shed all training costs
       | and put the expectations on laborers to train themselves. And
       | you're shit out of luck if their requirements change during your
       | training as so many college graduates who picked comp sci are
       | currently learning
        
       | gessha wrote:
       | One thing that I hypothesize about junior developers is that you
       | need to leapfrog the handholding period and go straight to the
       | medium/senior position on your own. You can acquire the
       | medium/senior level of knowledge and experience making all the
       | mistakes and bad choices by yourself and learning from the
       | experience.
        
         | dangus wrote:
         | Are you saying this plan is realistic or more like a pipe
         | dream?
         | 
         | This is kind of like saying "Get your flight hours in on
         | Microsoft Flight Simulator and then Delta Airlines will hire
         | you."
         | 
         | All unpaid and in your spare time between your two minimum wage
         | jobs, of course.
        
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