[HN Gopher] Detection of triboelectric discharges during dust ev...
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       Detection of triboelectric discharges during dust events on Mars
        
       Research paper: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09736-y
        
       Author : domofutu
       Score  : 92 points
       Date   : 2025-11-26 19:26 UTC (5 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (gizmodo.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (gizmodo.com)
        
       | Razengan wrote:
       | Does that mean Mars' ground is electrically charged (positively
       | or negatively) or what?
        
         | saagarjha wrote:
         | I assume it's earthe-wait.
        
       | wongarsu wrote:
       | This discovery is thanks to Perseverance having microphones. It's
       | crazy to think about that 2021 was the first time we had working
       | microphones on Mars.
       | 
       | The first Mars Microphone was originally supposed to land in 1999
       | on the Polar Lander, but that one didn't survive the landing. The
       | next was in 2008 on Phoenix 's Mars Descent Imager, but in
       | integration testing a bug was discovered that made the Descent
       | Imager risky to use, so that was never activated. And on all the
       | rovers since then a microphone wasn't deemed important enough
       | compared to all the other possible payloads
        
         | zokier wrote:
         | > The next was in 2008 on Phoenix 's Mars Descent Imager, but
         | in integration testing a bug was discovered that made the
         | Descent Imager risky to use, so that was never activated. And
         | on all the rovers since then a microphone wasn't deemed
         | important enough compared to all the other possible payloads
         | 
         | There was exactly one Mars rover, Curiosity, between 2008 and
         | Percy.
        
         | chistev wrote:
         | How does this work in practice. If a microphone is up there,
         | it's constantly listening for things right?
         | 
         | So how do humans here on Earth go over it to know if a sound
         | was picked up knowing there's hours of recording?
         | 
         | Is it that the whole system is programmed to show a spike when
         | sound is captured?
        
           | KeplerBoy wrote:
           | Listening to hours of recording doesn't even seem like a lot
           | considering this is the only microphone we have on another
           | planet. You would need like 4 people doing this full time,
           | which is a drop in the bucket for a project on this scale.
           | 
           | Of course this is not how it's done and almost all of the
           | recording will just be wind or noise from the rover itself,
           | which can easily be filtered out.
        
           | henrebotha wrote:
           | This doesn't require anything fancy. I haven't used my sound
           | engineering qualification in 14 years and I could do it by
           | hand. You can visually scan through the recorded waveform and
           | look for shapes that stand out. Simple audio processing
           | techniques like using a noise gate to shut off the volume
           | whenever the input level is below some configured threshold
           | can make this even easier.
        
           | bobmcnamara wrote:
           | If you have enough RAM, start with a ring buffer.
           | 
           | On interesting event: compress and transfer the relevant
           | chunk of audio from the ring buffer back to Earth.
           | 
           | Interesting event trigger ideas:
           | 
           | 1) loud sound after quiet time
           | 
           | 2) manual timestamp request from control
           | 
           | 3) video clip recording
           | 
           | 4) midnight, sunrise, noon, sunset. These are mostly so you
           | have some daily baseline.
           | 
           | 5) science package running
           | 
           | 6) rover moving
           | 
           | 7) abrupt camera change
        
             | TeMPOraL wrote:
             | I'd add:
             | 
             | 8) Quiet but above-noise sound persisting for some time
             | (might be worth checking out and then adjusting the cutoff
             | level up, if it turns out to be more wind)
             | 
             | 9) Complete silence (possibly malfunction) or sound levels
             | dropping far below expected background (weird).
        
           | Sharlin wrote:
           | Well, there _are_ these things called computers, and they're
           | really very good at this stuff. It's not exactly rocket
           | science (heh) to write a program to listen to an audio stream
           | and mark and log every occurence of something else than
           | background noise and ambient wind sounds (if Martian winds
           | are even loud enough to make sound). Everything else that the
           | rover has to do automatically is way more complicated.
           | 
           | It's pretty likely that the entire stream of silence isn't
           | being stored, or sent to Earth, only the interesting parts.
           | There isn't any way for people to listen in real time anyway,
           | because communications (can) only happen at specific times of
           | the day. Every interplanetary mission works by sending a
           | preplanned sequence of commands one day, then coming back the
           | next day to see what the probe/rover/whatever sent back, then
           | planning the next set of commands, and so on.
        
         | PunchyHamster wrote:
         | it's wild given how small and light basic microphone is. They
         | even (probably not in 1999 tho) come with their own adc and
         | serial interface now.
         | 
         | Then again I guess there isn't any obvious need for it aside
         | from PR points for "listening to mars"
        
           | foobarbecue wrote:
           | Yes, and don't forget that you need to modify & certify it to
           | work in 1% of Earth atmospheric pressure and down to -75C,
           | and get it integrated into flight software running on a
           | RAD750.
        
           | retrac wrote:
           | Bandwidth and storage.
           | 
           | The Viking landers (1975) were very sophisticated with
           | robotic arms and mass spectrometers, adorable little
           | anemometers, digital colour cameras, the whole deal, with 5
           | megabytes of digital tape storage.
           | 
           | The downlink rate was 16 kbps when related by the matched
           | orbiter; otherwise direct communication was at 250 bps.
           | 
           | The digital cameras were pushing the absolute limit of
           | technology at the time. The digitizer produced a 16 kbps
           | bitstream that fed the uncompressed image directly to the
           | transmitter taking four minutes to send an image. It could
           | also be stored on tape for later transmission, but it used
           | much of the tape to do so.
           | 
           | If it had included a microphone and ADC, it would have been
           | technically possible to record a few minutes of audio and
           | then spend hours transferring it back to Earth. But the kind
           | of constant monitoring now done really depends on the more
           | than 1 Mbit/s of bandwidth now available thanks to half a
           | dozen Martian orbiters, and all the fancy processors and
           | gigabytes of storage the landers and rovers now have.
        
         | foobarbecue wrote:
         | > The first Mars Microphone was originally supposed to land in
         | 1999 on the Polar Lander, but that one didn't survive the
         | landing.
         | 
         | This could be misread to mean that Mars Polar Lander landed but
         | the microphones didn't survive. Mars Polar Lander crashed and
         | was presumed completely destroyed on impact. Last I heard, we
         | still haven't found the crash site in orbital imagery.
        
       | throwawayffffas wrote:
       | What blows my mind is that we had not before. I would think that
       | with all that dust flying around it's got to be pretty common.
       | And we have satellites orbiting Mars for decades and apparently
       | we didn't see any.
        
         | larodi wrote:
         | ...perhaps resolution and FPS provided by these orbital cameras
         | are not exactly what one would expect.
        
         | irjustin wrote:
         | This lightning is only a few centimeters long:
         | https://www.kpbs.org/news/science-technology/2025/11/26/at-l...
        
       | amelius wrote:
       | Strange that the article doesn't say what this means for the
       | formation of life.
        
         | tsimionescu wrote:
         | Does it mean anything? There are some theories that lightning
         | could be involved in abiogenesis on Earth, but it's not in any
         | way a clear thing.
        
       | chistev wrote:
       | What are the implications for life?
        
         | stronglikedan wrote:
         | same as before
        
         | kadoban wrote:
         | Vaguely positive for abiogenesis, but not in a way that really
         | moves the needle at all.
        
       | irjustin wrote:
       | This isn't lightning like we think on earth. It's only a few
       | centimeters long which is why it's never been detected before
       | except by microphone[0].
       | 
       | [0] https://www.kpbs.org/news/science-
       | technology/2025/11/26/at-l...
        
         | yesco wrote:
         | Wouldn't it be static electricity in that case and not
         | lightning? Not sure if this is just a technical definition
         | thing I'm missing or if lightning just makes a cooler sounding
         | headline.
        
           | moron4hire wrote:
           | Lightning _is_ static electricity that builds in an
           | atmosphere.
        
             | zamadatix wrote:
             | And a mountain is a bump on the ground. It does feel like
             | "lightning" comes with context beyond how the charge was
             | formed, even if it could be technically correct to say
             | that's all it is. Of course almost nobody knows what
             | triboelectric discharge is either, but sticking to "static
             | electricity" fits well between the two.
        
             | nomel wrote:
             | Lightning is a discharge of static electricity, but a
             | discharge of static electricity is not lightning.
        
               | moron4hire wrote:
               | <sigh>
               | 
               | In the atmosphere!
        
           | nomel wrote:
           | I think this is a mix of not having a word for this specific
           | phenomenon, so inappropriately applying the closest, and the
           | usual bad science reporting. They don't call it lighting in
           | the actual paper, because not all discharge events are
           | lightning.
        
       | shevy-java wrote:
       | Thor is there, swinging his ...
       | 
       | hammer.
       | 
       | Edit: Wait a moment ... that's not actually lightning?
       | 
       | "By listening to the sounds of Mars, the team identified
       | interference and acoustic signatures in the recordings that are
       | characteristic of lightning."
       | 
       | So they could only listen to sound? I mean, aren't pictures more
       | convincing? We need more cameras on Mars.
        
       | dgb23 wrote:
       | Galvanizing!
        
         | keepamovin wrote:
         | I see waht you did there. But your comment is so subtle, it's
         | boiling the frog of HN's humor reflex
        
       | keepamovin wrote:
       | How do we know it's not alien lightsaber battles tho?
        
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