[HN Gopher] Americans no longer see four-year college degrees as...
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       Americans no longer see four-year college degrees as worth the cost
        
       Author : jnord
       Score  : 436 points
       Date   : 2025-11-29 22:56 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.nbcnews.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.nbcnews.com)
        
       | carlosjobim wrote:
       | College degrees now have negative value for hiring. A company
       | wanting to hire a reliable and competent worker will avoid
       | college graduates.
        
         | ungreased0675 wrote:
         | Seems like you're hurting some feelings.
         | 
         | I'm a manager in a unique field where people come in with many
         | educational levels. There is little correlation between
         | educational credentials and job performance. A variety of
         | previous jobs and having lived a few different places seems to
         | correlate more with performance.
        
           | carlosjobim wrote:
           | My comment is generalizing, as is the thread subject. It has
           | been a downwards moving trend, and for young workers I will
           | say that a college degree is now a negative factor. But that
           | doesn't define the candidate.
           | 
           | Also: Any positive or negative effect of a college degree is
           | either amplified or moderated by candidates self-selecting. A
           | candidate who greatly values their college degree will seek
           | out employers who do the same, and vice-versa.
        
           | venturecruelty wrote:
           | Sure, get the high school dropout to build your bridge for
           | you. See how well that non-traditional hire works out.
        
             | ungreased0675 wrote:
             | Becoming a Professional Engineer requires four years
             | experience under the guidance of an already licensed
             | engineer and passing a rigorous exam. No fresh college
             | graduate is qualified to design bridges, same as the high
             | school dropout.
        
       | throwaway21321 wrote:
       | 1 in 8 incoming freshmen at UCSD (a leading institution in the
       | states) cant solve "x + 5 = 3 + 7"... Why would I pay 30k a year
       | or whatever it is to get a degree from somewhere like that?
        
         | Beijinger wrote:
         | My roommate can solve this. And he just turned 6. I gave him
         | today some equations with two unknowns....
        
           | Beijinger wrote:
           | Why the Downvote? It is true.
        
             | SanjayMehta wrote:
             | It's due to your username; they think you're a troll.
        
               | Beijinger wrote:
               | Well. I love Beijing. But I am not Chinese, nor do I
               | currently live in China. Unfortunately.
        
             | 11101010001100 wrote:
             | It may come across as bragging to some. You can decide if
             | that is fair.
        
               | Beijinger wrote:
               | Well, if someone feels extremely inferior, true.
               | 
               | Many mothers claim their child is gifted. In this case, I
               | believe it. It is not my son, unfortunately. I am just in
               | a roommate situation.
               | 
               | I give him math challenges sometimes. Today I started
               | introducing equations with 2 unknowns.
        
               | SanjayMehta wrote:
               | My father taught me simple algebra when I was around 8
               | using puzzles.
        
             | fragmede wrote:
             | what does it add to the conversation? The fact that
             | incoming UCSD freshman cannot solve the problem is being
             | brought up as a failure. That this six year old can solve
             | it does nothing to address the issue of UCSD students being
             | unable to solve a problem that we all expect them to. It it
             | as if you are a stoichastic parrot, bringing up a fact
             | that, yes, it happens to be true, because it is nearby on
             | some vector space. Hence the downvotes.
        
               | Beijinger wrote:
               | What do you do add to the discussion?
        
             | jrflowers wrote:
             | I can't do a standing backflip. This is a true statement
             | and contributes the same amount to a discussion about
             | higher education in the US as "I know a kid that can do
             | algebra"
        
         | AnimalMuppet wrote:
         | You'd go to UCSD if you _could_ solve that equation, and want
         | to learn to do _more_. (If you can 't solve the equation, UCSD
         | is a very expensive way to learn how.)
         | 
         | I think the more relevant question is, why would you go to
         | grade school and high school at institutions that produce
         | graduates like that?
        
           | Cheer2171 wrote:
           | > why would you go to grade school and high school at
           | institutions that produce graduates like that?
           | 
           | Do you not know how U.S. K-12 public schools are funded by
           | local property taxes, which means the quality of a child's
           | education is a direct causal relationship of the wealth of
           | their neighborhood?
           | 
           | Why don't these children just grow up in richer
           | neighborhoods?
        
             | okigan wrote:
             | Most are overpaying in taxes for what they are getting.
             | 
             | Not to mention single/families without kids and seniors
             | that still pay for school districts.
        
               | lunar-whitey wrote:
               | Fear not - the American school system was built on and
               | holds fast to the supposition that the affluent should be
               | able to avoid any unwanted exposure to the problems of
               | those less fortunate than themselves.
        
             | roenxi wrote:
             | The quality of an education isn't proportional to the
             | amount of money spent; learning is remarkably cheap if a
             | school wants to focus on outcomes. There's a bit of give in
             | where the teacher sits on the bumpkin-genius scale
             | (although even then, the range of salaries isn't that wide
             | in the big picture).
             | 
             | Although forcing the funding to go through a collective
             | rather than letting people choose a school and pay on in
             | individual basis would probably deliver a pretty serious
             | blow to the quality.
        
               | lunar-whitey wrote:
               | The school system is downstream broader social issues
               | here. It can be shockingly expensive to deal with the
               | various behavioral problems that disproportionately
               | impact students from lower income communities. Students
               | from stable homes with available and invested parents
               | practically teach themselves.
        
               | Aeolun wrote:
               | All those downstream effects from a functional social
               | security service.
        
               | AngryData wrote:
               | The top end may not be limited by money, but the bottom
               | of education is, especially when it comes to public k-12
               | schools.
               | 
               | I doubt most people would even believe the differences
               | until they saw them, I wouldn't of believed public school
               | could vary that much until I personally saw it. Going
               | from some middling school with a half dozen rich
               | properties around, versus a truly poor rural school,
               | showed me how true it is. The better middle school was
               | teaching topics that the poor rural school didn't even
               | broach until senior year. Our civics book from the late
               | 2000s talked about the civil rights movement as an
               | ongoing and building issue too keep an eye on, and half
               | the school books had kid's grandparents name signed in
               | them. Our calculus class, which was downgraded to pre-
               | calc after a few years because so many kids failed
               | college calc entrance exams, had a teacher bragging about
               | how it only took her 3 tries to pass calc 102 in order to
               | qualify for that teaching position. You certainly didn't
               | get very many good teachers when they pay was that far
               | below the national median wage, and it was sad to watch
               | them struggle to afford things as simple as whiteboard
               | markers, or copy paper in order to print student
               | assignments on, because yes the school couldn't afford
               | and didn't supply copy paper for teachers to print
               | assignments on other than a literal single ream of paper
               | to last the entire year.
        
             | deaddodo wrote:
             | Do you not know that the US is a Federal system and there
             | are (at minimum) 50 different ways that schools are funded?
             | 
             | California's schools (for instance) aren't funded by local
             | taxes, they're funded by the state and allocated funding
             | based on a formula[1] of performance, need, population,
             | etc. They can be _augmented_ by local taxes, but in
             | practice that 's rare as the wealthy just avoid the system
             | altogether; instead, opting for private institutions.
             | 
             | That's at least 12% of the population that is not funded in
             | the manner you outline.
             | 
             | 1 - https://www.cde.ca.gov/fg/aa/lc/
        
               | lunar-whitey wrote:
               | Equity remains a valid criticism of LCFF in California
               | specifically.
               | 
               | For one unremarkable observation in this area, see the
               | following think tank report:
               | 
               | > States often commission cost studies to establish the
               | level of funding required to help students meet state
               | standards. LPI analyzed five of the more recent of these
               | studies [...] All of these studies recommended additional
               | weighted funding to support English learners and students
               | considered "at-risk," which was most often defined by a
               | measure of family income and also included other factors
               | [...] The recommended weights for English learners in
               | these studies ranged from 15% to 40% of the base grant
               | level in each state. The recommended weights for at-risk
               | students ranged from 30% to 81%. Compared to the
               | recommended funding in these states, the LCFF's
               | supplemental grant weight of 20% is at the lower end of
               | the recommended range of weights for English learners and
               | below the range of weights for at-risk students.
               | 
               | https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED670929.pdf
        
             | derwiki wrote:
             | San Francisco USD's lottery system has entered the chat
        
         | xboxnolifes wrote:
         | The more important question is do they learn to solve it, fail
         | out, or just get pushed through?
         | 
         | One of those is a bad outcome, but the other 2 are fine.
        
           | galleywest200 wrote:
           | At my liberal arts and sciences college about 10 years ago my
           | entry level biology teacher straight up said to the class
           | that if people are having trouble with some of this math on
           | the board to go home and learn algebra _tonight_.
        
           | kaashif wrote:
           | If standards aren't lowered and they're just failed out,
           | that's fine eventually, but I would prefer it to be fine from
           | day 1.
        
           | nradov wrote:
           | None of those are "fine". The problem is that such students
           | aren't college material and shouldn't be admitted in the
           | first place.
        
         | cvoss wrote:
         | What does your (dubious) example have to do with the quality of
         | post-secondary education? If it has any relevance, it's for the
         | quality of _secondary_ education.
        
           | delichon wrote:
           | I wish it were dubious. I recently worked with 11th grade
           | Algebra 2 students in New Mexico and found exactly that, and
           | worse. Most couldn't begin to do algebra because they
           | couldn't do simple addition and subtraction. Out of a class
           | of 24 there were two who were arguably ready for it. But
           | everyone is moved forward anyway. I understand your
           | skepticism because I was shocked by it. The teachers said it
           | all went down the drain during Covid and has not recovered.
           | 
           | It must severely limit what they can learn in college.
        
           | TehShrike wrote:
           | If the college would accept someone like that, they probably
           | don't aim to take their students to a very high level.
        
           | zetanor wrote:
           | If a university's administration overlooks a complete failure
           | of the student selection process, it's easy to imagine that
           | it may well overlook a complete failure of the professor
           | selection process. The price of admission is also way too
           | steep to wind up being the peer of mental 8th graders.
        
             | ponector wrote:
             | Is it a failure of the process? The selection process is to
             | pick people who willing to pay, not who can solve
             | equations.
        
               | zetanor wrote:
               | It's a failure for higher education, yes.
        
         | lunar-whitey wrote:
         | Illiterate incoming freshman are the product of the public
         | middle and high school systems, not the university system.
         | 
         | For reference:
         | 
         | > Beginning in Fall 2022, the number of students placed into
         | Math 2 began to grow rapidly. Math 2 was first created in 2016,
         | and it was originally designed to be a remedial math course
         | serving a very small number of first-year students (less than
         | 100 students a year or around 1% of the incoming class) who
         | were not prepared to start in our standard precalculus courses
         | [...] In Fall 2024, the numbers of students placing into Math 2
         | and 3B surged further, with over 900 students in the combined
         | Math 2 and 3B population, representing an alarming 12.5% of the
         | incoming first-year class (compared to under 1% of the first-
         | year students testing into these courses prior to 2021).
         | 
         | https://senate.ucsd.edu/media/740347/sawg-report-on-admissio...
         | 
         | These are students that even middling American public schools
         | would have failed to pass from high school in decades past, or
         | would have later failed to meet standardized test requirements
         | prior to the COVID-19 pandemic.
        
           | admissionsguy wrote:
           | > Illiterate incoming freshman are the product of the public
           | middle and high school systems, not the university system.
           | 
           | That doesn't matter for the op's point. Students starting
           | from this base won't get good in 4 years.
        
           | maxlybbert wrote:
           | It so happens I went to high school in California. My math
           | teacher mentioned how much interaction she had with the state
           | universities, and also lamented the fact that universities
           | offered remedial math courses. She felt that if somebody
           | needed remedial math, they shouldn't be in a university; a
           | junior college would be a better fit.
           | 
           | At the time it felt elitist, but now I agree with her. Yes,
           | this example shows that the high schools are doing a bad job,
           | but it's not clear to me that the universities should clean
           | up the mess. There are other possibilities.
        
         | rahimnathwani wrote:
         | This is incorrect. It's 1 in ~50. Still bad!
         | 
         | 8.5% of incoming freshmen place in Math 2. 25% of a class of
         | Math 2 students could (EDIT: couldn't) answer 7+2=_+6
         | 
         | 8.5% x 25% is about 2%, so 1 in 50.
        
           | tzs wrote:
           | Shouldn't that be 8.5% x 75% since you want the percent who
           | could _not_ answer it?
        
             | rahimnathwani wrote:
             | Sorry, typo. I meant 25% _couldn 't_ answer it.
        
       | jaccola wrote:
       | I feel the same fallacies happen with money and degrees:
       | 
       | - People with more money live better lives, so let's just
       | print/hand out money and everyone will live a better life!
       | 
       | - People with college degrees live better lives, so let's just
       | push more people through college and everyone will live better
       | lives!
       | 
       | In both cases, of course, completely missing the underlying
       | reasons money/college degrees provide(d) better lives.
       | 
       | It's hard to believe that any single person in government truly
       | thinks printing money will increase resources or that more easily
       | handing out college degrees will automatically make everyone
       | better off. So I don't fully understand how this happens, perhaps
       | pandering to the electorate.
        
         | echelon_musk wrote:
         | I like to call this degree inflation.
        
         | JKCalhoun wrote:
         | Consider the contraposition.
         | 
         | * Poor people live shorter, unhealthier lives.
         | 
         | * Without a college degree, your employment options are
         | diminished.
         | 
         | It's fine to trash "handing out money" or "pushing more people
         | through college" but then what is left is: there's nothing we
         | can do for poor people.
        
           | Aeolun wrote:
           | Make money not a consideration in applying for college? Not
           | by handing out whatever the universities are asking for of
           | course, but by giving them a fixed $X per student.
        
             | drivingmenuts wrote:
             | That might have worked if we had established that right
             | after WWII, but it would never get off the ground now. The
             | current system is too entrenched.
        
               | Aeolun wrote:
               | You have a president that's willing to wage war on
               | institutions of higher learning. If anything this is the
               | only time it's even been remotely possible.
        
           | anon291 wrote:
           | Of course there is. You can just hire them and train them.
           | Most positions don't require college degrees. Everything you
           | need to know for most jobs you learned in high school. At
           | most you need a certificate program of some kind.
        
             | JKCalhoun wrote:
             | Construction, a few trades... Help me, I've run out of
             | ideas without resorting to "Walmart Greeter".
             | 
             | Most of those jobs went overseas a long time ago. Short of
             | the couple I could think of, the rest of the jobs remaining
             | that don't require some advanced education don't pay a
             | "living wage".
             | 
             | I'd love to see the US have a vocational "track" beginning
             | in high school again. But that also requires we have the
             | jobs for them when they graduate.
        
               | edot wrote:
               | If you've ever worked at a random Fortune 500 company and
               | looked around the office at people whose pinned apps are
               | "Outlook, Powerpoint, Excel", those are jobs that can
               | easily be done if you're moderately smart and learn a few
               | things on the job. You have a reasonably well-defined set
               | of goals, projects, and meetings, and you just have to
               | talk to other people and move numbers around in Excel,
               | then put them into Powerpoint and set up meetings in
               | Outlook to discuss. There are millions of these jobs, and
               | you can get extremely senior once you just learn the
               | business of your company (which would never be taught in
               | college). You don't need a college degree for these. A
               | friend of mine is a senior executive at a large insurance
               | company and does just fine at their job with no degree.
               | Given, they got into that job decades ago when degrees
               | weren't required, and worked their way up, but the same
               | could be done now if employers let people be hired based
               | not on degree but on an apprenticeship or similar trial
               | period.
        
               | csa wrote:
               | > Construction, a few trades... Help me, I've run out of
               | ideas without resorting to "Walmart Greeter".
               | 
               | I don't think you're trying hard enough.
               | 
               | - bookkeeper
               | 
               | - billing (esp. medical)
               | 
               | - data entry
               | 
               | - admin assistant
               | 
               | - inventory management
               | 
               | - basic tax filing
               | 
               | - content manager (for websites and social media)
               | 
               | - scheduling
               | 
               | - basic account management
               | 
               | - tons of stuff in supply chain
               | 
               | I could go on...
        
           | baiwl wrote:
           | You have better employment options only if there are not
           | enough people with degrees. If you give everybody the option
           | of obtaining a degree then nobody is better off. In fact
           | those at the bottom of the barrel end up in an even worse
           | position.
        
             | JKCalhoun wrote:
             | That assumes there are a large number of jobs that require
             | no advanced education. Short of construction, those jobs
             | flew overseas decades ago.
        
         | AnimalMuppet wrote:
         | The difference is that printing money creates more money, but
         | doesn't create any more stuff. College degrees (theoretically)
         | create more educated people. If you just "hand out" degrees,
         | that doesn't happen, but if you actually teach people, then it
         | does.
        
           | linguae wrote:
           | I agree with you.
           | 
           | The problem is that many young Americans for the past 30+
           | years has been told that a bachelor's degree is the
           | prerequisite for a job that pays well enough to afford a
           | middle class lifestyle, which I'll define as being able to
           | afford owning a home in a safe neighborhood and being able to
           | provide for a household without living paycheck-to-paycheck.
           | 
           | What happens when a large number of college graduates enter a
           | tough hiring market while they have five- (or even six-)
           | figure student loan balances? It's one thing to work at
           | McDonald's debt-free with a high school diploma; it's another
           | thing to end up at McDonald's with tens of thousands of
           | dollars in debt with a bachelor's degree.
           | 
           | Of course, there's more to going to college than career
           | prospects, and there's also the reality that no one is owed a
           | job. Still, given the amount of adults struggling with paying
           | off their student loans, it's no wonder more people are
           | reevaluating the economic value of going to college.
        
             | OGEnthusiast wrote:
             | > The problem is that many young Americans for the past 30+
             | years has been told that a bachelor's degree is the
             | prerequisite for a job that pays well enough to afford a
             | middle class lifestyle, which I'll define as being able to
             | afford owning a home in a safe neighborhood and being able
             | to provide for a household without living paycheck-to-
             | paycheck.
             | 
             | Told by who?
        
               | tolerance wrote:
               | Well for starters, perhaps the older homeowners who live
               | in safe neighborhoods and provide for [young Americans]
               | without living paycheck-to-paycheck.
               | 
               | Their parents.
        
               | OGEnthusiast wrote:
               | Yeah that's unfortunate then, America has changed so much
               | in the past 10-15 years that advice that was worth
               | following for the previous generation is just totally
               | useless for the current circumstances. I don't think the
               | parents had bad intentions though, they were just overly-
               | optimistic in assuming the prosperity they enjoyed would
               | continue indefinitely.
        
               | tolerance wrote:
               | > they were just overly-optimistic in assuming the
               | prosperity they enjoyed would continue indefinitely.
               | 
               | What worries me is how they came to believe this in spite
               | of the last 10-15 years of change in the country...while
               | possibly raising around 3 generations of high school
               | graduates throughout.
        
               | anonymouskimmer wrote:
               | My anecdote isn't quite the same, but it's along the
               | lines of many adults, not just one's parents: While in
               | high school I constantly got the message on how important
               | it was to stay in school and graduate with a high school
               | diploma. Ironically I passed up the chance to have an
               | associate's degree before my 18th birthday, because I
               | absorbed this message so well that I prioritized high
               | school graduation over the A.S.. It was years later
               | (round about the time I finally finished that A.S. at the
               | age of 29) that I realized the message hadn't been meant
               | for me, but for the students who were at risk of dropping
               | out of high school.
        
             | pixl97 wrote:
             | All this states is expensive degrees aren't worth it, not
             | paid for education.
        
           | anon291 wrote:
           | Educated people are the way they are due to a particular
           | personality that they have. They are curious and self driven.
           | Many educated people have no formal education. You cannot
           | teach a personality.
           | 
           | That's not to say other personalities are less worthwhile...
           | It's just that we have emphasized one kind of personality as
           | the ultimate one and then are surprised that -- after maxing
           | out opportunities for those already suited towards that
           | personality -- a saturation point is reached and future
           | effort has marginal gains.
        
             | anonymouskimmer wrote:
             | What's wonderful about comprehensive universities is that
             | there's a program that can excite the interest of almost
             | every personality.
             | 
             | And even if that wasn't the case, education _in general_
             | actually speaks to a variety of personalities: The self-
             | motivated learner, the self-improver, the intellectual
             | explorer, the goal-oriented achiever, the rules-based
             | structure seeker.
        
         | satvikpendem wrote:
         | It's a prime example of the tragedy of the commons and there's
         | honestly not much that can be done because of how competition
         | on the supply side of the labor market works; for employers, a
         | degree is no longer a differentiator among candidates.
        
           | baq wrote:
           | It isn't in that it doesn't guarantee a job, but not having
           | one all but guarantees HR drones will discard your CV
           | algorithmically.
        
         | venturecruelty wrote:
         | The good news it that you don't need to hand out money _or_
         | degrees. See, some people have an inordinate, obscene amount of
         | money, and they would be able to lead full, happy, fulfilling
         | lives if some of that money went to help people who have very
         | little. Because if you 're making $30,000 per year working at a
         | gas station, and you lose that income, you're basically
         | screwed. But if you make millions of dollars every year, you
         | won't really miss a small portion of that. You'll be just fine.
         | 
         | So you just need to sort of move wealth around such that it is
         | less egregiously unequal. Oh, and states can fund universities
         | like they did a few decades ago. :) Win-win! Poorer people get
         | to participate more freely in society, with more opportunities,
         | and you don't have to print any extra money.
        
       | wat10000 wrote:
       | The pendulum swings. College was only for the elite. Then it
       | slowly expanded until it got to the point of, "everyone should go
       | to college, doesn't matter what you study." Now it's swinging
       | back. Hopefully we manage to get to a reasonable place and not go
       | all the way back to college only being for elites.
        
       | tgma wrote:
       | Obviously if you want to learn, there has never been as many
       | resources as today for free with YouTube and other stuff. College
       | remains only relevant for the piece of paper and networking and
       | the four-year party experience.
        
       | crims0n wrote:
       | My kids will still go to a four-year university, but for the
       | education and experience, not for any vocational aspirations. I
       | have no delusions about the marketability of an undergraduate
       | degree.
       | 
       | A happy side effect of that university degree was a more rounded
       | education, which now many young adults will be missing out on.
       | The downstream effects could be catastrophic.
        
         | yoyohello13 wrote:
         | > A happy side effect of that university degree was a more
         | rounded education, which now many young adults will be missing
         | out on.
         | 
         | Absolutely! So many people bemoan taking general Ed classes,
         | but knowing the basics about economics, literature, science,
         | art, math, history is valuable if you want to think critically
         | about the world.
        
           | roamerz wrote:
           | >> but knowing the basics about economics, literature,
           | science, art, math, history is valuable if you want to think
           | critically about the world.
           | 
           | Sure if that is relevant to what your goals in life are. I
           | chose to get an education that was tightly coupled with the
           | outcome I wanted.
        
             | OGEnthusiast wrote:
             | Agreed. Going to college for the social experience and for
             | generally learning about the world is effectively a luxury
             | good now. For people who just want a path to stable
             | employment, the ROI on college no longer makes sense at
             | all.
        
               | yoyohello13 wrote:
               | I think our society's obsession with thinking of
               | everything in terms of ROI is destructive.
        
             | yoyohello13 wrote:
             | That's kind of my point. Everyone wants to narrowly focus
             | on what will bring them the most value as quickly as
             | possible. Being educated in a wide array of subjects
             | doesn't seem useful at first, but it actually makes you a
             | better communicator, and citizen.
             | 
             | Also, knowing a little about a lot of things doesn't
             | preclude you from being an expert in your field.
        
           | pdonis wrote:
           | Why do you need to pay to go to college to learn the basics
           | of all these subjects? The same information is available for
           | free online.
        
             | venturecruelty wrote:
             | Teaching is a deliberate act, and it cannot be replaced by
             | a Google AI summary.
        
               | bdangubic wrote:
               | most teachers these days use google (or another AI) and
               | before AI they just used google. few exceptions of course
               | but on the large you are imagining some utopia education
               | which no longer exists. I pay insane amount of money to
               | send me kid to private school and she still gets more
               | education at home by wide margin than at school
        
               | pdonis wrote:
               | _> Teaching is a deliberate act_
               | 
               | The issue isn't teaching, it's learning. I don't think
               | it's at all obvious that being taught by college
               | professors is the best way to learn that material.
        
               | pdonis wrote:
               | _> a Google AI summary_
               | 
               | That's not the online material I was referring to. Many
               | universities have their course materials available for
               | free online. Not to mention other online learning sites.
        
               | jamesmontalvo3 wrote:
               | I think the point is that if you're going to get a degree
               | in mechanical engineering, you need to study differential
               | equation, and if you're going to have a well-rounded
               | education, you need to study some history. Both were a
               | requirement in the past, but we're moving more towards
               | only the former being considered important.
        
               | pdonis wrote:
               | The claim I was responding to was that one needs to go to
               | college to get a "well-rounded education". I don't see
               | why: the information is available for free online, and
               | the value add of getting it by paying college professors
               | to "teach" it to you is, IMO, highly questionable.
        
         | everybodyknows wrote:
         | I suggest they live in on-campus dorms, at least the first
         | couple of years: a cultural broadening experience like no
         | other.
        
       | yieldcrv wrote:
       | Universities survived half a millenium being networking grounds
       | for the upper class, and they will survive another millenium
       | being networking grounds for the upper class
       | 
       | The last century will be a mere footnote in a case study of
       | folly, where 100% of the university's problems came from dealing
       | with the underclass at all with a side helping of federal funny
       | money. It will be comedic relief amongst starry eyed business
       | majors, waiting to satisfy a condition of their trust fund
       | 
       | The employment sector's decision to require degrees is mere
       | happenstance and something that sector will need to reconcile on
       | its own.
        
         | thomassmith65 wrote:
         | Someone should turn that comment into a Twilight Zone
         | episode...
         | 
         | We wake up tomorrow to a world where universities never
         | existed.
         | 
         | No cultivation of Copernicus, Newton, Einstein...
         | 
         | So we're stuck mostly with 1000 year old technology.
        
       | paulorlando wrote:
       | Better than asking "is college worth the cost," and getting into
       | ROI calculations per major is asking "could we provide a similar
       | (or better) educational and social experience at a fraction of
       | the cost"? To that the answer is yes.
        
         | rahimnathwani wrote:
         | Many (most?) people go to college primarily for the piece of
         | paper, not for the educational and social experience.
        
           | Aeolun wrote:
           | You can provide the piece of paper at a fraction of the cost
           | too. Nearly all of Europe does, I believe.
        
             | crossbody wrote:
             | Did Europe find a cheat code that gets free $$$ for
             | education?
             | 
             | Nothing is free - once you graduate you are hit with 50%
             | tax that gets back all you "free" tuition costs many, many
             | times over.
             | 
             | Not saying education should not be subsidized via taxes (I
             | think it's good overall), but it's not free at all - the
             | price is just hidden and spread out over many years
             | (similar to student loans but less visible).
        
               | ahartmetz wrote:
               | Was it much more subsidized in the US when it was much
               | cheaper, though?
        
               | crossbody wrote:
               | I'd reword the question: "was college paid for via higher
               | income taxes for graduates (and others) or via a more
               | direct approach of student loan taking?". I believe the
               | latter but I don't see the fundamental difference. It's
               | the same student loan but hidden from sight, as it's
               | packaged as higher tax %
        
               | xethos wrote:
               | > don't see the fundamental difference
               | 
               | You're kidding. The former means _all_ higher net worth
               | individuals to take on both the cost (via taxes) and the
               | benefit (a well-trained workforce for businesses, well-
               | paid, highly taxed contributors for the state, an
               | educated populace of voters, graduates with stable work
               | and in-demand skills). The latter is another example of
               | America 's "Everyone for themselves" theme, with students
               | bearing the entire cost of their education, while the
               | graduate, public, state, and businesses reap the benefit.
               | 
               | If the benefits are spread so widely, why shouldn't the
               | cost be?
        
               | crossbody wrote:
               | The students bear costs but no benefit to themselves? No
               | higher wages?
               | 
               | My point is that it doesn't matter in principle if one
               | takes a loan and pays it down over time vs. one is taxed
               | at much higher % and that tax "pays down" a phantom
               | student loan of "free" education.
               | 
               | It does introduce a risk and hence the incentive for loan
               | takers to choose their degree wisely though. Which should
               | lead to better allocation of labor but at a cost of some
               | personal risk.
        
               | xethos wrote:
               | I actually included the graduate as a beneficiary ("a
               | well-paid, highly taxed contributor" or "the graduate" in
               | the counter), but more importantly:
               | 
               | The entirety of society benefits from a well-educated
               | populace. That's one reason even those without children
               | pay for public education.
               | 
               | Following that, if _everyone_ benefits, why is the
               | graduate taking on all the risk (via a non-dischargeable
               | student loan) instead of spreading the risk across the
               | entirety of society?
        
               | crossbody wrote:
               | Ok, I overlooked that.
               | 
               | I think that's fair that risk should be more spread.
               | Comes at a cost of people choosing degrees more
               | frivolously though and wasting their time and everyone's
               | money
        
               | xethos wrote:
               | I'd like to push back on "useless" degrees here, as well.
               | The idea that degrees that leave graduates struggling to
               | pay their bills (especially with student loans factored
               | in) are worse than degrees that maximize income is bad
               | for society. Not every job that is good for society pays
               | well - if they did, educators would be better paid, and
               | many executives would not be compensated as well as they
               | are.
               | 
               | Some degrees are less in-demand (at time of graduation)
               | economically, but a well-educated populace that can apply
               | critical thinking and remember lessons from history, can
               | be its own reward. Notably, pushing for a population
               | completely _lacking_ these skills is an excellent way to
               | topple a democracy over time.
        
               | crossbody wrote:
               | The pay is determined by supply and demand, apparently
               | there is a relatively large supply of educators (many
               | just enjoy it despite low pay) relative to the demand.
               | 
               | I see your point on broader benefits, however, those are
               | largely speculative while a shortage of e.g. doctors has
               | very direct and concrete costs to the society.
               | 
               | On prior point regarding spreading risks - would you say
               | government should bail out failed entrepreneurs? Because
               | that is very similar in principle (taking risk, benefit
               | for society)
        
               | xethos wrote:
               | I would struggle to define a truly useless degree though.
               | _That 's_ what I'm pushing back on: that learning from
               | our past mistakes, taking in different perspectives from
               | other times, places, and cultures, and learning not only
               | to _learn_ , but to interpret media and think critically,
               | are tremendously important to a healthy society. What you
               | call "frivilous", I would call low-earning.
               | 
               | I'm not saying failed entrepreneurs should be bailed out,
               | even if (through bankruptcy proceedings) they de-facto
               | are. To your point though, they're given tax breaks by my
               | government [0], which aligns with the goals we seem to
               | have agreed are important and good for society at large.
               | 
               | Small businesses are given assistance when starting out
               | and financially vulnerable; financial assistance that is
               | paid for by all members of society, as we all reap the
               | benefits of a stronger economy when they succeed. I'm not
               | sure how one defends not extending the same courtesy to
               | students.
               | 
               | [0] https://taxbreak.ca/bc-business-tax-breaks/
        
               | seec wrote:
               | This can only be true if the society gets richer over
               | timer from this process. Considering that EU has actually
               | become poorer and the gap is becoming larger every year
               | passing, your theory of benefits from a well-educated
               | populace is not well funded.
               | 
               | In the EU, the risk has been loaded onto everyone but the
               | benefits are meager at best, and inexistent in practice.
               | This is the typical problem of socialist system where
               | everyone bear the cost but the benefits are only
               | distributed to those in power or those who could
               | manipulate the system for their own benefits.
               | 
               | If that wasn't true, France wouldn't be in the political
               | turmoil and economic disaster that it is today.
               | Unsurprisingly, France has been dominated by marxist
               | adjacent ideologies, co-opted by the "resistants", the
               | real winners of WW2. The US won on the ground but largely
               | lost the ideological battle, we are now seeing the result
               | of that invisible battleground.
        
               | eli_gottlieb wrote:
               | > The students bear costs but no benefit to themselves?
               | No higher wages?
               | 
               | Nobody said the student achieves no benefit. We keep
               | saying that the student does not capture all the benefit
               | of their own education in higher wages, but bears the
               | entire cost.
        
               | crossbody wrote:
               | That's also true for entrepreneurs, right?
        
               | surgical_fire wrote:
               | That's what taxes are for. Subsidizing public good.
               | 
               | Affordable access to good education is a good outcome
               | from the heavy taxation I pay.
        
               | crossbody wrote:
               | For sure. The main benefit is that it allows smart,
               | hardworking but poor students to get a degree and utilize
               | their brainpower productively for the benefit of all.
               | That's great.
               | 
               | Just don't say it's "free" - those who get the education
               | pay back all they got via taxes (which in it's end effect
               | are like paying down a student loan).
        
               | surgical_fire wrote:
               | Absolutely. I never would say it is "free". But in many
               | ways it is a matter of what one values.
               | 
               | I had opportunities to move to the US and likely make
               | 2x-3x what I make here and pay less taxes. I chose moving
               | to Europe instead. It is the sort of society I prefer to
               | live in.
        
               | alistairSH wrote:
               | Free at point of consumption. Anybody with half a brain
               | understands that's what's meant when somebody says "free"
               | education or "free" healthcare.
        
               | venturecruelty wrote:
               | Just going to point out that this is semantic hair-
               | splitting that usually comes from opponents of
               | governments providing for the social welfare. Not saying
               | you're doing that, but it's a thing that happens.
               | 
               | And nobody thinks free education doesn't cost anything,
               | just like people don't think the military doesn't cost
               | anything. Somehow, though, there is endless trillions for
               | "defense", and a little moth flies out of the wallet when
               | it's for something that doesn't involve drones.
        
               | carlosjobim wrote:
               | People without a degree: Work and pay high taxes for
               | years while their peers are studying, and then continue
               | to pay high taxes to pay for the high salaries of degree
               | holders who used their degrees to get government "jobs".
               | 
               | People with a degree: Get free education and free
               | stipends, then get paid by the tax payers for the rest of
               | their lives in their cushy government "jobs".
        
               | satvikpendem wrote:
               | Europe has a much lower expenditure per student compared
               | to the US.
               | 
               | https://www.aei.org/articles/the-crazy-amount-america-
               | spends...
        
               | crossbody wrote:
               | It does. In large part due to Baumol's cost disease -
               | higher overall incomes in productive sector like tech
               | drive up costs for sector with low productivity growth -
               | so professors and admin staff in US make 2x salaries
               | compared to Europe (cost of living adjusted). Also, have
               | you seen EU student amenities and dorm sizes?
        
               | btilly wrote:
               | When you break down how budgets have changed, the two
               | biggest drivers of tuition increases are the growth of
               | administration, and fancy amenities like sports
               | facilities.
               | 
               | The cost of the person in front of the blackboard has not
               | been increasing.
        
               | thaumasiotes wrote:
               | The cost of the person in front of the blackboard has
               | been steadily going down; those people have been
               | complaining about this for decades.
        
               | crossbody wrote:
               | Ok, the prior link was comparing it to EU though, so
               | perhaps costs for professors there went down even more,
               | as professors make less there compared to US
        
               | mbesto wrote:
               | I'm trying to follow you. I don't get how Baumol's has a
               | higher degree of effectiveness in the US than it does in
               | the EU? Are you saying there are more tech companies and
               | therefore tech roles in the US than EU and thus those
               | drive up non-tech wages even though they aren't as
               | productive?
        
               | crossbody wrote:
               | Exactly
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | I call bullshit on this.
               | 
               | There are lots of reasons why US academics earn so much
               | more than their european counterparts, but the income
               | level of US tech employees is not high on the list, if it
               | is on the list at all.
               | 
               | Also, Baumol's doesn't predict that wages in low
               | productivity growth sectors will rise, it merely notes
               | that the costs in such sectors do not fall, which means
               | that whatever the sector produces (good, services, art
               | etc) become relatively more expensive compared to other
               | production. This is why it appears to cost so much to see
               | the symphony orchestra, even in Cincinnati - it's not
               | that the players all make a ton of money, it's that their
               | productivity is flat, so the costs of the performance
               | appear to rise relative to, say, toothpaste.
        
               | crossbody wrote:
               | I asked Gemini 3 if your statement is true and got this,
               | as expected: "That statement is false. In fact, the
               | prediction that wages will rise in low-productivity
               | sectors is the central mechanism of Baumol's Cost
               | Disease"
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | Somebody asked Gemini 3 yesterday about a piece of music
               | I was looking for. It said:
               | 
               | > _Based on the details you provided--specifically the
               | overlap with the poem "AM" (from Be Bop or Be Dead) and
               | "Set The Tone" (from Bernie Worrell's Blacktronic
               | Science)--the track you are most likely looking for is:
               | "Music" by DeadbEAT (featuring Umar Bin Hassan) Released
               | in 1992/1993 on the album Wild Kingdom, this track was a
               | cult hit in the acid jazz/trip-hop scene of the 90s and
               | later appeared on compilations like the influential Red
               | Hot + Cool (1994)._
               | 
               | Very good, except that there is no album called "Wild
               | Kingdom" by an artist named Deadbeat, and while Hassan
               | does appear on "Red Hot + Cool" it is on a differently
               | named track written by himself.
               | 
               | So forgive me if I call bullshit on Gemini 3 as well.
               | 
               | However, in this instance, it is a correct summary of the
               | most visible popular summaries of Baumol's cost disease,
               | so there's that.
               | 
               | I don't think it captures the essence of what Baumol (&
               | Bowen) were writing about, but I accept that my
               | presentation was misleading.
        
               | crossbody wrote:
               | LLM hallucinations are still a thing for ultra niche
               | topics. Not a problem for topics that have sizeable wiki
               | pages, like Baumol Effect. Here is the first paragraph
               | from wiki: "...tendency for wages in jobs that have
               | experienced little or no increase in labor productivity
               | to rise in response to rising wages in other jobs that
               | did experience high productivity growth"
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | The problem with this summary is that it's not actually
               | what Baumol & Bowen were really focused on in their
               | original paper.
               | 
               | It is what most people nowadays connect with "Baumol's
               | cost disease", but in their paper, the way in which
               | rising productivity sectors cause wage increases in
               | stable productivity sectors was more of a detail than the
               | central part of their thesis. The core part was the
               | observation that certain kinds of economic activity
               | cannot reduce costs through productivity gains, while
               | others can; the wage connection between them was, well,
               | not an afterthought, but more of a consequence of the
               | very specific sort of economic system we live in. One
               | could imagine a society with different ways of
               | distributing resources to labor that didn't really have
               | this feature, and yet the same sectors of this imaginary
               | society's would still suffer from "Baumol's cost
               | disease".
        
               | yardie wrote:
               | EU universities, the amenities are quite meager, as they
               | should be. But for dorms it's usually single occupancy.
               | Unlike the US where you're expect to have roommates.
        
               | DiscourseFan wrote:
               | The roommates thing is just part of the socialization of
               | US universities, since many kids are not living anywhere
               | near home and if they aren't forced to become close
               | friends with someone by, say, sleeping right next to
               | them, they often go a little nuts. By the time you are an
               | upperclassman you are generally given your own room or
               | you live off campus.
        
               | piperswe wrote:
               | Is it necessary for there to be student amenities paid
               | for by the school? Why should tuition pay for a bunch of
               | ancillary nice-to-haves instead of, ya know, the
               | education?
        
               | crossbody wrote:
               | It's not. But apparently that's what most American
               | students demand and universities supply to satisfy the
               | demand.
        
               | nebula8804 wrote:
               | Public schools shouldn't oblige and instead offer the
               | lower cost option. The market will then sort this issue
               | out in a few years. Right now its public = expensive and
               | private = absurdly expensive
        
               | chongli wrote:
               | Because schools are in competition with one another to
               | attract students (who have the ability to broadcast
               | applications to multiple schools). The campus life factor
               | is a major part of a student's decision.
               | 
               | Put yourself into the student's shoes. If you had the
               | choice between two schools of otherwise roughly equal
               | academic reputation but one offered luxurious residences
               | while the other housed students like medieval monks,
               | which would you choose?
        
               | anonymouskimmer wrote:
               | From what I understand European education and degree
               | programs are typically much more structured and narrow,
               | and thus finish a lot faster. A student who finishes
               | K-Ph.D. in the US will have a lot more breadth of
               | exposure than such a student in most of Europe, if I
               | recall what I read on the topic a while ago correctly.
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | When used in a social context, "free" has a different
               | meaning than in many other contexts. It does not mean,
               | for example, "there is no cost for this thing". Rather,
               | it means "the person receiving this thing is not
               | responsible for paying the costs associated with it (at
               | least not at the time)".
               | 
               | Free health care doesn't mean "nobody gets paid to
               | provide health care", it means "patients do not pay for
               | health at the point of service".
               | 
               | If you'd prefer that we use some other term to describe
               | this, please suggest it. I do find it interesting that
               | the Scottish NHS uses "No fees at point of service" as
               | part of their branding (or did, back in 2019).
        
               | disgruntledphd2 wrote:
               | The taxation is conditional on earning enough income
               | though, which aligns incentives better.
        
               | curcbit wrote:
               | > once you graduate you are hit with 50% tax that gets
               | back all you "free" tuition costs many, many times over.
               | 
               | This is plain false.
        
               | crossbody wrote:
               | In EU? What is false about it? I paid the 50% income tax
               | after getting my "free education"
        
             | JumpCrisscross wrote:
             | > _You can provide the piece of paper at a fraction of the
             | cost_
             | 
             | This isn't socially useful.
        
               | venturecruelty wrote:
               | And what we're doing now is? Telling 17-year-olds to take
               | on six figures of debt and then replacing them with
               | ChatGPT while making it impossible to discharge their
               | debt?
        
               | DiscourseFan wrote:
               | Just because Comp Sci and many STEM degrees in general
               | are losing value does not mean that university overall is
               | not worthwhile.
        
               | DaSHacka wrote:
               | Does it really not, when many of the other degrees
               | already lost their value a long time ago?
        
               | chongli wrote:
               | The question is not "does it provide any value
               | whatsoever?" The question is "does a degree provide
               | _surplus value_ to society, given its costs?"
        
               | Libidinalecon wrote:
               | What is obvious and what would be hugely socially useful
               | would be to have a completely online, completely free
               | accredited option for degrees that don't need labs. That
               | would cause downward pressure on all of tuition outside
               | the top universities.
               | 
               | The price of college at this point is a ridiculous value
               | proposition to the average student. Who cares about the
               | top students and the most gifted people. They will be
               | fine regardless. The average student is getting crushed
               | and ripped off blind.
               | 
               | Ripping off entire generations of young people is really
               | stupid and is going to have devastating long run social
               | consequences.
        
               | carlosjobim wrote:
               | That's easily solved with labor market reform. First
               | implement federal and state law that requires every
               | worker performing any profession to have a college degree
               | in that field.
               | 
               | Then companies are evaluated on how much work is produced
               | in their business (for example by revenue), and they have
               | to either contract the equivalent number of people with
               | college degrees, or even better - license the degree from
               | a college graduate. This can also be used to pay for
               | tuition. The student gets a mortgage that pays for her
               | education when she enters college, and then the lender
               | has the right to part of either her salary, or the
               | licensing fee for her degree to companies that need it,
               | or to people who need it.
               | 
               | Let's say a chef who hasn't gone to culinary college, he
               | can pay a culinary college graduate 20% of his salary to
               | use their degree, which is a professional license. Or a
               | company needing programmers. They can hire immigrants or
               | an AI to program, and pay licensing fees to computer
               | science graduates who have the degree.
               | 
               | Think what I thriving market for banks, investors, and
               | insurance companies! They will be able to package these
               | licenses and offer them on the market to individual
               | workers or to companies for competitive and efficient
               | rates. The college student of course gets rewarded as
               | well, as they can rent out their degree, or even sell it.
               | So a good student can get several degrees, and have a
               | very good income from both his own work and from degree
               | licensing fees. Of course we'll make sure that students
               | belonging to an oppressed class be allowed to license
               | their one degree to several places at the same time.
        
               | h2zizzle wrote:
               | I... can't tell if this is satire or not.
        
               | ThrowawayR2 wrote:
               | The people who can be replaced by ChatGPT are the ones
               | who treated their time in college as "just getting a
               | piece of paper". They paid handsomely for a chance at
               | drinking from the fountain of knowledge and instead did a
               | rinse and spit.
        
             | energy123 wrote:
             | That doesn't have prestige value. Prestige comes from
             | scarcity and the ability to exclude the lower caste.
             | 
             | If people want to play those exclusivity games that's up to
             | them. What's wrong is asking the taxpayer to fund it under
             | the false mask that the entire product is education.
        
               | creato wrote:
               | The scarcity in Europe (at least the two countries I'm
               | familiar with) comes from a standardized test. If you
               | don't do well on the test, you don't go to college.
        
               | MengerSponge wrote:
               | America used to do that, but Jewish students started
               | taking (and doing well on) the test, and later Black and
               | Asian students had the audacity to be brilliant too. This
               | led to America's "holistic" college admissions process.
               | 
               | For what it's worth, the USA isn't unique in adapting
               | admissions to reject an unwanted minority. The most
               | interesting mechanism has to be Moscow State University's
               | Jewish Problems: https://arxiv.org/abs/1110.1556
        
               | h2zizzle wrote:
               | The Chinese national entrance exam (gaokao?) is
               | notoriously grueling, but doing well pretty much
               | guarantees you a spot in a top university. Would have
               | been useful to me, having grabbed a middle-of-the-road
               | SAT score for Ivies but having failed to apply to one.
               | There's definitely a multi-pronged strategy for ensuring
               | exclusivity.
        
               | seec wrote:
               | That's not exactly true. Funnily enough, you are
               | extremely dependent on your sociological background. If
               | you come from a poor family and do very well, you'll get
               | a full ride for sure. But if you do well but come from a
               | well-off family that refuse to pay for your education,
               | you are fucked. It's only university attendance that is
               | (mostly) free. you still need to finance housing and life
               | costs. Since most good universities are in expensive
               | cities and student loans are not much of a thing, it is
               | an extremely selective process that targets both class
               | standing (from a money standpoint) and parental
               | implication.
               | 
               | There was a study on one of the most selective school in
               | France and actually diversity of background has gone down
               | in the last 20 years. Europe is highly politicised and it
               | was always about selecting for ideologically compatible
               | behavior. Otherwise education wouldn't need so much
               | government intervention/support, even if said education
               | would be paid for by the taxpayer (everyone could get
               | some amounts of credits, that they could spend on their
               | institution of choice).
        
               | thatcat wrote:
               | Most prestigous colleges are profitable and don't need
               | the funding or the tuition
        
           | jswelker wrote:
           | And resultingly, if you do go to college and immerse yourself
           | in the educational experience, you come out with superpowers
           | compared to your peers.
           | 
           | Getting companies to see those superpowers in a hiring
           | pipeline of course is a different story
        
             | petesergeant wrote:
             | Do American colleges not give degree grades? In the UK your
             | degree class (grade) is moderately important for your first
             | job
        
               | veqq wrote:
               | All serious applicants have the maximum grade, in the US
               | system.
        
               | pastel8739 wrote:
               | I don't think this is strictly true, but I do think it's
               | true that college GPA is not a differentiating factor.
        
               | pclmulqdq wrote:
               | American colleges give out a GPA, which used to mean
               | something but has now been inflated to the point of
               | meaninglessness. 60% of my college class 10 years ago had
               | a 3.5/4 or higher. The median grade at Harvard is an A. I
               | am told that since COVID, B grades and below now require
               | a written explanation by the professor at several
               | schools.
        
               | fragmede wrote:
               | Given that the bar for getting into Harvard is rather
               | high these days, shouldn't we expect the median grade in
               | Harvard to be fairly high? If C students aren't allowed
               | into Harvard these days, doesn't it make sense they
               | aren't giving out Cs?
        
               | paulorlando wrote:
               | A bit of context on that grading question here. It was
               | interesting to me that grading has gone through a couple
               | waves of inflation over the decades:
               | https://unintendedconsequenc.es/what-i-talk-about-when-i-
               | tal...
        
               | wtetzner wrote:
               | Wouldn't a C in Harvard mean "average for a Harvard
               | student"?
        
               | jghn wrote:
               | oh my sweet summer child.
               | 
               | Harvard was one of the leaders of the charge in terms of
               | grade inflation back 20ish years ago
        
               | apparent wrote:
               | Yeah, and they made a push to rein it in back in the
               | early aughts. As with all things grade inflation, what
               | goes down, must come back up. I'm sure we'll be back here
               | in 20 years having the same conversation.
        
               | anonym29 wrote:
               | I've interviewed Harvard CS grads for SWE roles at big
               | tech who couldn't write a working program for fizzbuzz,
               | for defanging an IP address, or for reversing words in a
               | sentence, in a language of their choice, with leetcode's
               | provided instructions, in half an hour, with unlimited
               | attempts, gentle coaching from me, and the ability to use
               | the internet to search for anything that isn't a direct
               | solution (e.g. syntax).
               | 
               | Yes, more than one.
               | 
               | Either the bar for getting into Harvard cannot possibly
               | be as high as it's made out to be, someone's figured out
               | how to completely defeat degree-validation service
               | providers, or Harvard is happy to churn out a nonzero
               | number of students wholly unprepared for meeting
               | extremely basic expectations for the prototypical job of
               | their chosen degree.
        
               | seanmcdirmid wrote:
               | If you don't cram for leetcode, you won't pass a leetcode
               | interview. It takes some kids a few interviews to figure
               | that out, even they are from elite school like MIT. You
               | were just their learning experience.
        
               | anonym29 wrote:
               | If you can't solve FizzBuzz in half an hour with a
               | language of your choice while being able to look up
               | syntax, your problem isn't that you failed to cram for
               | leetcode, it's that you don't know how to write code.
               | 
               | There's nothing inherently wrong with not being able to
               | write code, but you probably shouldn't be applying for
               | software engineering roles where the main responsibility
               | of the job is ultimately to write working code.
        
               | seanmcdirmid wrote:
               | Just to be clear I have no problem passing these
               | interviews, I just spent a few weeks cramming leetcode
               | and got a job at Google. Leetcode wasn't the main reason
               | I was hired, but it was a filter that I had to get
               | through (I've never been given fizzbuzz before, but I
               | assume that is just because it's no longer in style and
               | hasn't been for more than a decade). You just don't throw
               | yourself into on the fly coding, you practice them
               | because your competition has and you will look bad if you
               | don't. Let's not pretend that any of us are ready to do
               | alien dictionary at the spur of a moment, or thats a
               | useful skill for our role.
        
               | anonym29 wrote:
               | I'd agree with you 100% if these were Leetcode mediums
               | and hards. They were not, these were quite literally the
               | easiest LC easies I could find.
               | 
               | While my career involves writing code, I am not a SWE, I
               | have never done any formal leetcode prep, and I have no
               | formal education in technology beyond a high school CS
               | class. I have no college degree whatsoever, not even an
               | associate's degree.
               | 
               | I had a rule I stuck to when doing these interviews
               | (which _were_ for a SWE role) that felt very fair to me -
               | I would not give these candidates any problem I couldn 't
               | solve in the same circumstances.
               | 
               | For reference, in the allotted time, one such candidate
               | spent a good chunk of their time reading up on JS if/then
               | syntax on w3schools. As I watched, I reminded them they
               | could use any language they wanted, if they were more
               | comfortable or familiar with others, and this Harvard CS
               | grad declined, stating JS was their "strongest" language.
               | 
               | My best guess about these cases were rich kids / legacy
               | admissions that weren't allowed to be failed for
               | political reasons.
        
               | seanmcdirmid wrote:
               | I don't know much about Harvard except like Stanford
               | computer science became the biggest major by far in the
               | last couple of decades. It could be a lot of rich kids
               | are choosing it's a major without much of a passion for
               | it. It could have also become the default major for
               | people who are planning to got into politics, business,
               | management, or even law (Harvard's traditional
               | strengths).
               | 
               | Don't get me wrong, we don't have much of a choice in
               | evaluating especially junior hires. Even for senior hires
               | you want to make sure they haven't drifted through their
               | last jobs without actually coding. But on the spot
               | performances are different even for the simple stuff,
               | they should practice coding questions on the fly
               | regardless, and even the worst possible SWE candidate
               | should be able to pass these with a bit of prep. With a
               | lot of prep they could do leetcode, a still suck at the
               | job when they get it.
        
               | anonymars wrote:
               | This is FizzBuzz:
               | 
               | 1. Output the numbers from 1 to 100
               | 
               | 2. If the number is a multiple of 3, write Fizz instead
               | of the number
               | 
               | 3. If the number is a multiple of 5, write Buzz instead
               | of the number
               | 
               | 4. If the number is a multiple of 3 and 5, write FizzBuzz
               | instead of the number
               | 
               | Does that really sound like something requiring special
               | practice and preparation? Assuming a decent interviewer
               | would help out with the modulo operator if that was
               | unfamiliar
        
               | yatopifo wrote:
               | Is it provided as you described or is it more like
               | "please do FizzBuzz"? If it's the latter, that would
               | explain why some people may have trouble with this
               | task... I think we both agree it's ridiculous to test if
               | the interviewee knows what FizzBuzz stands for, and
               | yet... let's just say i know a few people who treat
               | interviews as a jargon recall context.
        
               | anonymars wrote:
               | I get the impression you latched on to the word leetcode
               | and took away something very different
               | 
               | FizzBuzz, reversing a sentence -- this is programming
               | your way out of a wet paper bag, not elite and esoteric
               | skills that need advanced study and cramming
        
               | seanmcdirmid wrote:
               | Similar concept. You have them do some task like fizzbuzz
               | to see if they can program stuff on the fly that they
               | would never need to do in real life. You practice that
               | since school doesn't prepare you for that unless you do
               | ACM programming contests or something. The interview
               | demands this to see if the candidate is capable of
               | cramming for the interview, which correlates with the
               | effort, ability they could put into the job, not with
               | what the skills they actually apply on the job, which are
               | hard to measure in a one hour interview slot anyways.
        
               | integralid wrote:
               | If someone doesn't know how to reverse words in a
               | sentence they are absolutely not qualified to be a
               | programmer. Yes they probably won't do this exact task
               | often, but this is like a doctor that can't distinguish
               | heart from the liver. It tells you something has gone
               | horribly wrong.
        
               | ThunderSizzle wrote:
               | In many languages, the basic version can be just one line
               | of code, if you know the right libraries to leverage. C#
               | leveraging Linq, for example:
               | String.Join(" ",           String.Split(" ",
               | sentence).Reverse()))
        
               | chongli wrote:
               | What if the sentence is in Japanese (which doesn't use
               | spaces)?
        
               | sokoloff wrote:
               | I agree that some random leetcode-hard problem is not a
               | good indicator, but if you can't write fizzbuzz or can't
               | sum an array of integers, you've given me important data
               | about your skills as a programmer on that day.
        
               | seanmcdirmid wrote:
               | I've never had an interview question that asked me to do
               | something straightforward. If I did get a question like
               | that, I would be immediately suspicious about what the
               | catch was.
        
               | Vishon wrote:
               | Yeah, LeetCode interviews are their own weird universe.
               | Even smart people get wrecked until they realize you have
               | to treat it like an exam. Most failures aren't about
               | ability, it's just pattern recall under pressure. I've
               | passed some rounds I had no business passing just because
               | I stayed calm. StealthCoder helped me a bit there since
               | it keeps me from blanking during the actual interview.
        
               | otabdeveloper4 wrote:
               | > FizzBuzz is now a "leetcode question"
        
               | DiscourseFan wrote:
               | >Harvard is happy to churn out a nonzero number of
               | students wholly unprepared for meeting extremely basic
               | expectations for the prototypical job of their chosen
               | degree
               | 
               | From one of my professors who did their graduate work at
               | an Ivy, apparently there are a lot of rich kids who can't
               | be failed because their parents donate so much money to
               | the school. But I don't think Harvard has ever had the
               | best undergraduate reputation (among the Ivies), its more
               | well known for its grad/professional programs.
        
               | hylaride wrote:
               | From the people I know that studied at places like
               | Harvard and Yale (which since I'm Canadian isn't a huge
               | sample size), I've been told that there are essentially
               | two different streams of undergrads there - those on
               | legacy admissions and those who qualified otherwise
               | (either via brains, affirmative action, or other means).
               | I was left with the impression that the legacy admissions
               | are mostly people who've coasted through life. The rest
               | are a full spectrum of people.
               | 
               | Most of Harvard's endowment is via alumni, so it doesn't
               | surprise me in the least they continue with it.
        
               | petesergeant wrote:
               | > The median grade at Harvard is an A
               | 
               | It's been 20 years or so since my knowledge was up-to-
               | date, but Oxbridge undergrads used to bitterly complain
               | that their 2:2 (grade C I guess?) wasn't seen as
               | equivalent to getting a 1st(A?) or 2:1(B) from other good
               | UK unis by graduate schemes and large employers.
               | 
               | Oxbridge workload seemed to be significantly higher for
               | most undergrad degrees than it was at other unis, and the
               | feeling was that an essay a week was required that would
               | have been equivalent to a term's work at other unis. I
               | only ever heard the Oxbridge side of this, however.
        
               | hnhg wrote:
               | I've worked a lot with Oxbridge and Ivy League folks and
               | there is nothing particularly special about them. An
               | Oxbridge degrees bestows an out-of-the-box premium
               | personal brand, as you've demonstrated, as well as the
               | social network, but not superior ability, in my
               | experience
        
               | DrBazza wrote:
               | When I graduated, ahem, a few decades ago, the main
               | difference between Oxbridge (maths graduates) and non-
               | Oxbridge, specifically the Cambridge Maths Tripos, was
               | that is was teaching the same content it had for the
               | previous decades, whereas the maths courses at mine, and
               | other 'Russell Group' universities had been dumbed down
               | for the first couple of years. You could reach the same
               | level as previous graduates by the final year, but you
               | had to take a new _additional_ course.
        
               | jswelker wrote:
               | The only entity that has ever cared about my college GPA
               | has been other colleges when I signed up for grad school.
               | And even in that case it is just a "stat check" in gamer
               | parlance. 3.0 or greater, yes. Lower, no. That kind of
               | thing.
               | 
               | Zero employers have ever asked to see my college GPA
               | after graduating almost 17 years ago.
        
               | hc12345 wrote:
               | As prices for college go up, the student is more of a
               | customer than anything, and therefore the pressure to
               | raise grades goes up. Who is going to go to a college
               | where people tend to need an extra year to graduate, when
               | each year is 60k? Or one where only the top 5% of a class
               | gets a top grade?
               | 
               | You are already seeing grade inflation in the UK too: Go
               | look at the percentage of first class degrees over time.
               | 
               | The only place where a modern US university can be used
               | as a filter is in their own admissions, where they can
               | still be pretty stringent. Harvard could fill their class
               | 6 times with people that are basically indistinguishable
               | from their freshman class, so just getting into the right
               | university already shows that you must have had some
               | skill and maturity by the time you were a junior in high
               | school.
               | 
               | This is also why hiring juniors is so difficult nowadays
               | for software: Having successfully finished a CS degree at
               | most universities says nothing about your ability to
               | write any code at all, or analyze any complex situation.
               | And with the advent of leetcode training, it's not as if
               | you can now tell who happens to be good because they
               | remember their algorithms and data structure classes
               | really well. You have no idea of how good the new grad is
               | going to be when they show to the interview, and even
               | those that pass might not be all that great in practice,
               | as they might just have spent 3 months memorizing
               | interview questions like an automaton.
        
               | SilverElfin wrote:
               | Yes but it is not standardized at all. Every college has
               | its own way of doing things. Even every degree or school
               | within a university can be different in how they handle
               | grades. Some places put every student on a curve, so that
               | a particular distribution of grades is always enforced.
               | Some places operate on more of a pass/fail basis - often
               | this is done for the first couple years to avoid
               | measuring students when they're adjusting to a new
               | lifestyle (meaning partying a lot). Some places tend to
               | give out easy grades. So you cannot compare students
               | across different degrees and colleges.
        
               | anal_reactor wrote:
               | This is the dumbest idea ever because it forces students
               | to take easy classes instead of interesting ones.
        
               | petesergeant wrote:
               | > it forces students to take easy classes instead of
               | interesting ones
               | 
               | The UK system doesn't really let students choose which
               | classes to take
        
               | zipy124 wrote:
               | I mean even at my supposedly top uni in the UK 60-80% of
               | the class got a first, depending on if a COVID year or
               | not. Like 1% gets a 2:2 or below....
        
             | terminalshort wrote:
             | I partied my way through an easy major with nothing to do
             | with my job. The people who didn't have no "superpowers"
             | that I don't. The degree is a bunch of status signalling
             | bullshit.
        
               | justin66 wrote:
               | It sounds like you've rationalized your lazy work in
               | college by convincing yourself it wouldn't have made any
               | difference if you had worked harder.
        
               | terminalshort wrote:
               | I don't need to rationalize what is already rational. My
               | degree isn't even related to my job, so why would working
               | harder at it have paid off?
        
           | Nevermark wrote:
           | Which strongly suggests that one reason 4-year degrees have
           | lost value, is the piece of paper has lost value. Because of
           | (most?) people only getting a degree for the paper.
           | 
           | Two improvements then: Degrees that earn the reputation of
           | not being given for anything less than excellence in studies.
           | Where the earned reputation is used both to discourage the
           | non-serious, and enhance the value of the degree.
           | 
           | And of course, bring down the costs. Create a high octane
           | alumni network to match. Foster an opinionated high work
           | ethic, college-as-daycare / party-scene repellent culture.
           | Anything and everything rethought from scratch.
           | 
           | For instance, why are degrees based on years? Why so
           | standardized when neither students or jobs are? Why not a
           | skill chart that can be custom traversed per student - with
           | students expected to move on whenever they choose to, or have
           | a good opportunity. A high percentage of students leaving for
           | good jobs after just one year would be a win.
           | 
           | For just one slice of education, to start.
           | 
           | As with anything complex, start with something small and
           | focused. Like a low population cutting edge practice/research
           | AI school. Start from scratch with the thing that is new,
           | challenging and in high demand.
           | 
           | Then expand into other fast changing, high demand areas. Keep
           | figuring out better ways, keep taking on more, keep reducing
           | costs, as long as all three of those efforts tradeoffs are
           | compatible.
        
           | mNovak wrote:
           | I think most people (namely high school seniors) go to
           | college for neither. They go because that was the
           | expectation, and was assumed to be at least approximately
           | productive path.
           | 
           | While arguably that's indirectly 'for the piece of paper',
           | I'd argue the pleasant experience is a factor too, even if
           | not quoted as such. i.e. if it was a purely rational,
           | economic choice (my interpretation of going to college just
           | for the degree) we'd see higher enrollment in high-ROI
           | majors.
        
         | SilverElfin wrote:
         | I agree the answer is "yes". But I think people are also
         | forgetting that the reason college was a useful thing to pay
         | for, was it was effective in differentiating between someone
         | who was highly capable and someone who wasn't. In a world where
         | anyone can get a degree by simply spending enough time and
         | money, there's no real differentiation happening. Even if
         | someone gets a degree, their fundamental competency (I guess
         | I'm talking about something like IQ) is going to be whatever it
         | is. And so it's going to be hard to find jobs and the perceived
         | value goes down.
        
         | hereme888 wrote:
         | The beauty and simplicity of common sense. Good comment.
        
         | ErroneousBosh wrote:
         | If you want to make money, go and train to be a plumber.
         | 
         | If you're a kid and you want to be making money (or at least a
         | comfortable living) in 20 year's time, become a farrier.
         | 
         | Because we are going to be ploughing with horses again soon,
         | the way things are going. And even if we're not, a horse needs
         | shod every couple of months and costs a couple of hundred every
         | time.
         | 
         | I've never seen a hungry-looking farrier or scrap metal dealer.
        
       | b3ing wrote:
       | I guess so mostly foreign students and the wealthier folks can
       | get them? Doesn't seem like a win, but with AI taking jobs, who
       | knows
        
       | HardwareLust wrote:
       | What's the point? You're either going to be replaced by AI or a
       | robot (or both) anyway.
        
         | DaSHacka wrote:
         | If by "AI" you mean "An Indian", I agree
        
       | mikert89 wrote:
       | Employers just hire experienced h1bs instead, they won't leave
       | after being trained, no reason to hire an American
        
         | bequanna wrote:
         | The h1b program can essentially be eliminated tomorrow. Trump
         | could theoretically make h1b visas non-transferable, charge a
         | high annual renewal, etc.
        
           | chillycharlie wrote:
           | Trump could cancel H1B but most likely he won't. If for no
           | other reason than as a favour to his billionaire friends.
           | They are more important than the popular idea of America
           | first, American jobs etc. here Trump literally says we need
           | H1B because we need talent, and USA doesn't have the talent.
           | Not a good look for a supposedly America first president..
           | https://youtu.be/U2XUNKcKtx0?si=GOFyMGxqUIbyGD6T
        
         | chank wrote:
         | And Americans leave because employers will just replace them
         | with offshoring and h1bs to save money. It's a self
         | perpetuating cycle. Loyalty goes both ways. Employees finally
         | realized that they should be treating employers like employers
         | have always treated employees. That's capitalism.
        
         | Newlaptop wrote:
         | There are ~700k h1bs out of ~157 million American jobs. So
         | about 99.6% of jobs in America are held by Americans and 0.4%
         | by h1bs.
        
           | yahway wrote:
           | Now do the tech industry (high paying American jobs)
        
             | crossbody wrote:
             | Why is tech high paying exactly? Maybe low supply of
             | qualified labor? Maybe that can be solved with qualified
             | immigration? We can call such a program H1B, for example,
             | and it would benefit the American economy overall at the
             | cost of slightly reducing compensation fir the already
             | extremely highly paying tech jobs.
        
               | armas wrote:
               | @crossbody that makes too much sense though
        
               | baiwl wrote:
               | Immigration is about short-changing the natives to make
               | the billionaires wealthier, yes, we know.
               | 
               | People are also now learning this fact, which is why
               | you're getting unpalatable politicians elected.
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | "I'm being short-changed!" claims rich minority whose
               | high pay even fresh out of university leads to SF rents
               | being unafordable by key workers.
               | 
               | Irony is, that doesn't prevent such sentiments as yours
               | leading to people like Trump. I had a chance to live in
               | the USA years back, I'm glad I didn't bother to take it.
        
               | baiwl wrote:
               | I didn't say anything about tech workers.
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | Motte, Bailey. You responded in a thread about tech
               | workers and H1Bs, on a tech forum.
        
             | JumpCrisscross wrote:
             | > _Now do the tech industry_
             | 
             | Do you have numbers? If you don't, the appropriate baseline
             | is population.
        
               | lovich wrote:
               | Are convenience stores getting h1bs for their shelf
               | stockers? How the hell is the baseline population an
               | appropriate metric for evaluating a niche role?
        
         | venturecruelty wrote:
         | Oh good, I was worried this thread wouldn't have any anti-
         | immigrant sentiment.
        
           | DaSHacka wrote:
           | When immigration is a leading factor on why the modern
           | college graduate has less marketability in the workforce,
           | leading them to believe the ROI on their degree is not worth
           | it compared to generations past, you really should have
           | expected it.
        
       | randcraw wrote:
       | As the article says, this change in opinion has been very big and
       | very recent. Don't expect universities to sit still and do
       | nothing.
       | 
       | I see several possible reactions. One is to do what Georgia Tech
       | and U Texas are doing -- to offer online degrees for MUCH reduced
       | cost, like $10k. Will such 30 credit MS degree programs (that
       | don't require BS first) replace 120 credit BS degrees? That makes
       | a lot of sense to me.
       | 
       | The popularity of residential degree programs may be ending, due
       | to insanely high cost and the need to retrain often as AI
       | automation changes the employment picture rapidly and
       | unpredictably.
        
         | abeppu wrote:
         | > Don't expect universities to sit still and do nothing.
         | 
         | > The popularity of residential degree programs may be ending,
         | due to insanely high cost.
         | 
         | I think the problem is that universities _have_ been changing
         | in the direction of _delivering less_ at the same time that
         | they cost more. The article cites public schools doubling
         | tuition in inflation-adjusted terms since 1995, but
         | simultaneously:
         | 
         | - student-faulty ratios have gotten worse
         | 
         | - schools use under-paid adjuncts for a larger share of classes
         | 
         | - good schools often trade on the research record of faculty,
         | but the success of those prominent faculty often mean they can
         | get course buyouts / releases, so they're not teaching anyway
         | 
         | - much has been published about administrative bloat in
         | universities but for example see 2010 vs 2021 numbers here
         | https://www.usnews.com/education/articles/one-culprit-in-ris...
         | 
         | Rather than trying to make new online offerings, I think
         | schools need to lean out their staff, and cut back on programs
         | that don't have to do with instruction. Even better would be if
         | federal funding eligibility was tied to schools demonstrating
         | that at least X% of their budget goes to instruction, where
         | that X should ratchet up over time.
        
           | anonymouskimmer wrote:
           | Dedicated grad schools that are separate from, but affiliated
           | with, dedicated undergrad schools. Those teaching at the
           | dedicated undergrad schools will be hired for their ability
           | to focus on foundational teaching, with research programs
           | designed to involve undergraduate student researchers in
           | genuine research, while still providing publication
           | opportunities and genuine advancement of the art.
        
           | randcraw wrote:
           | The author neglects to observe that doubling tuition over 30
           | years equates to only a 2.35% inflation rate. That sounds
           | pretty close to the US inflation rate during that time, so
           | increases in tuition cost have been held in check pretty
           | well.
        
             | abeppu wrote:
             | No, if anything the article has a copyedit error in saying
             | twice in one sentence that the doubling is after inflation-
             | adjustment.
             | 
             | > While there have been some small declines in tuition
             | prices over the last decade, when adjusted for inflation,
             | College Board data shows that the average, inflation-
             | adjusted cost of public four-year college tuition for in-
             | state students has doubled since 1995.
        
       | crossbody wrote:
       | Most of you here assume the "Human Capital" model (i.e. you pay
       | to acquire skills), but that entirely misses the actual point of
       | a college degree! 2001 Nobel Prize went for demonstrating that
       | college is basically a quarter million dollar IQ and Marshmallow
       | Test. It's a filtering mechanism that allows employers to tell
       | who is smart and conscientious enough to be productive at work.
       | 
       | Offering education to more and more people via reduced cost mass
       | online courses, lowering entry requirements or similar approaches
       | will only erode the signalling value of a degree further.
        
         | chillycharlie wrote:
         | Those degrees also don't lead to the jobs they want. My former
         | boss would hire people with degrees in, to do basic admin
         | tasks. I quit because a they hired a guy to be my manager, with
         | a lawyer degree and paid him $20k more than me, to do the same
         | job. But he would spend the whole day on his phone. I'm in a
         | new job, hiring people, and I'm not looking at degrees when
         | it's for a dispatch role.
        
           | crossbody wrote:
           | That's the sad outcome of everyone getting _some_ degree in
           | recent years. Something like 50 years ago 10% had college
           | degree, now it's close to 50%. Meanwhile population IQ score
           | stayed rather stable while willingness to work hard declined.
           | So of course the quality of employees with degrees has
           | dropped and hence the degree is no longer a good signal to
           | employers
        
         | sojournerc wrote:
         | You don't think tradespeople are contientious, intelligent, or
         | productive? That's the whole trouble with this filtering
         | signal. It's bogus and has created elitism around professions
         | that are just as hard if not harder than pushing computer keys.
        
           | crossbody wrote:
           | Would you say all people have the same level of intelligence
           | and conscientiousness? If not, we need _some_ way of saying
           | who is, so that they could be matched to higher complexity
           | jobs. It's far for perfect but it works somewhat
        
       | linguae wrote:
       | I'd feel better about not recommending college for everybody if
       | our high schools were more rigorous. I personally feel that the
       | Advanced Placement and International Baccalaureate curricula
       | should be the minimum for high schoolers to graduate, since an
       | education at this level provides well-rounded knowledge that
       | gives students the skills necessary to survive in a 21st-century
       | developed economy.
       | 
       | However, many high school students don't have the opportunity to
       | take such classes, and there are also many high school students
       | who struggled in elementary and middle school.
       | 
       | I was a high school student in California during the first half
       | of the 2000s. California used to have the High School Exit Exam,
       | which was mandatory to graduate from high school. The test
       | focused on English grammar, reading comprehension, and algebra. I
       | took the exam in 10th grade, and I felt it was easy. So easy, in
       | fact, that I believed eighth graders shouldn't have much
       | difficulty passing the exam.
       | 
       | However, there were many students who weren't able to pass the
       | exam, even with multiple attempts. Eventually the state got rid
       | of the test. I don't know if educational outcomes improved in the
       | immediate aftermath, but UC San Diego's study on remedial math
       | shows that our high schools are inadequate at preparing students
       | not only for college, but for life in our modern economy.
       | 
       | Of course, to fix high schools, we also need to fix our
       | elementary and middle schools. This goes beyond the classroom;
       | this also involves addressing the cost-of-living crisis. It's
       | hard for kids to thrive in school when they have parents who need
       | to work heroic hours to make ends meet, and this doesn't include
       | the kids who have to deal with homelessness and other unstable
       | living situations.
        
         | anon291 wrote:
         | How about just not inflating grades?
        
       | AngryData wrote:
       | No shit, half the people who got college degrees are in debt over
       | it and mostly just lost out on prime years of their life doing
       | busy work for little to zero benefit. Was my class about pre-
       | colombian society interesting? Yes. Has that knowledge helped me
       | in any way related to my job or career or life? No. It certainly
       | wasn't worth the thousands of dollars it costs to take that class
       | to meet some arbitrary requirements. I could of gotten the same
       | knowledge and enjoyment from watching some youtube videos or
       | reading the published book that class was 95% based on.
        
       | fuckinpuppers wrote:
       | Doesn't help when leaders are trashing it and classifying things
       | as not "professional" to further put up more barriers to entry.
       | Along with the constant attacks about them being indoctrination
       | centers, pulling funding for being too liberal, or not pro-Israel
       | enough, or whatever else this administration has officially been
       | able to strongarm many institutions about.
        
       | wyldfire wrote:
       | Americans attend college as a (1) rite of passage and to some
       | extent (2) to have access to an influence network of peers and
       | alumni. For elite universities, it's conceivable that #2 provides
       | some real opportunity.
       | 
       | But in general #1 dominates the dollars spent on this experience
       | and it's really too bad.
        
         | parpfish wrote:
         | reason (3) is social signaling.
         | 
         | elite schools aren't only desirable because they set you up
         | with big opportunities. they are _the_ way for high-school
         | overachievers to signal to everybody how smart and good they
         | are.
         | 
         | elite schools could probably make bank if they just sold a
         | stamp-of-approval from their admissions committees that just
         | said "you are smart enough to get admitted, but were not lucky
         | enough to win the lottery of being given a seat".
        
           | EgregiousCube wrote:
           | 100%, but it's even worse than that. "X got into Stanford" is
           | the new "X is a Stanford graduate" because of grade dilution
           | - and admissions dilution has soured even the former.
        
             | lurk2 wrote:
             | There was a user here a few months ago trying to promote
             | his startup. He was being somewhat obnoxious when people
             | offered criticism so I looked him up and found he was some
             | 21 year old kid. Profile read:
             | 
             | > Founder & CEO of Nitrility which is the world's first
             | music licensing marketplace working with over a billion $
             | in assets from 80K rightsholders.
             | 
             | > Age 21 as of August, high school diploma (Rutgers Prep),
             | college dropout (UIUC), grew up in Somerset NJ, 2 time
             | founder with 1 exit at age 18, 2400 rated chess player,
             | former top tennis player, Forbes Technology Council.
             | 
             | > Usually you will find me in NYC, LA, or SF.
             | 
             | The dropout thing struck me because it was such an obvious
             | attempt to try to appear to be the Mark Zuckerberg style
             | figure that this kid desperately wanted others to believe
             | he was. I've been seeing a ton of these kids claiming to
             | have had exits before they even graduated high school, and
             | even though I know they're lying, I've been browsing here
             | long enough that I would probably have believed them if I
             | hadn't picked up on it being a social media trend.
        
               | cheschire wrote:
               | They might have thought it would help them get a thiel
               | fellowship
        
         | seneca wrote:
         | > Americans attend college as a (1) rite of passage and to some
         | extent (2) to have access to an influence network of peers and
         | alumni. For elite universities, it's conceivable that #2
         | provides some real opportunity.
         | 
         | I believe the primary reason is to attain credentials in
         | pursuit of access to more lucrative employment prospects. I
         | think your 1 and 2 are both significant factors, but they are
         | quite far behind the pursuit of credentials.
        
         | venturecruelty wrote:
         | Only because that's what college has become. I loved studying
         | my field for four years, free of most of the vicissitudes of
         | life that would otherwise prevent me from being able to focus
         | on an education. I guarantee you a lot of people would like to
         | get a degree simply for the sake of learning, and to become a
         | better person. Hell, I'd take a few classes if it didn't cost
         | like $800 per credit hour. This whole "college as job training"
         | thing is a self-fulfilling prophecy, and none of the innocent
         | people subjected to it are particularly happy with the
         | situation. They are not, crucially, in a position to change
         | that.
        
           | DiscourseFan wrote:
           | I also studied something I found fascinating, but I also had
           | friends that I still talk to and meet up with today. Its both
           | possible to enjoy your studies and have a social life.
        
         | tylergetsay wrote:
         | some of the students just really don't want to live with their
         | parents anymore. Going to college is the most socially accepted
         | way of doing that.
        
       | jswelker wrote:
       | Higher ed is like employer based health insurance in that they
       | are both weird path dependent historical accidents.
       | 
       | People want cheap healthcare, and it got shoehorned into an odd
       | employer fringe benefit system that really is not at all related
       | healthcare in any intrinsic way.
       | 
       | People want job training, and it got shoehorned into extra
       | departments at liberal arts universities intended as aristocrat
       | finishing schools. Job training really has little to no
       | relationship to liberal arts.
       | 
       | And now both those two systems are failing to deliver those
       | benefits because those benefits which were initially afterthought
       | add-ons have outgrown the institutions that were their hosts.
       | It's akin to a parasitic vine that is now much larger than the
       | tree it grew on and is crushing it under its weight. Both will
       | die as a result.
        
         | lovich wrote:
         | I was told in college that the US system of healthcare being
         | tied to your employer was the result of companies looking for
         | fringe benefits to offer when tax rates were at their highest
         | for the high income group.
         | 
         | However I can't find evidence of that now that I'm looking so
         | if someone could confirm one way or the other that this was
         | true or not, I'd appreciate it
        
           | pdonis wrote:
           | It started during WW II when the US government put wage and
           | price controls in place so that companies could not compete
           | for employees by offering higher wages. So they competed for
           | employees instead by offering employer-paid healthcare as a
           | benefit. Then after the war, when the wage and price controls
           | were repealed, the employer-paid healthcare system, instead
           | of going away, kept getting more elaborate.
        
             | eli_gottlieb wrote:
             | As with a lot of things, such as vacation time, Americans
             | seem to prefer to provide certain social goods as employer
             | benefits because that way it seems more like a reward for
             | competitive merit, which one can show off as a status
             | symbol, than like a universal social good.
        
               | jswelker wrote:
               | Maybe some psychos think of it that way, but no one I
               | have ever met, at least not regarding insurance. Some
               | fringe benefits like unlimited vacation, free lunch, etc,
               | maybe I can agree.
        
               | nebula8804 wrote:
               | Well maybe it was once prestigious to show off your Aetna
               | card, now its a sign of embarrassment.
               | 
               | I guess todays 'cool perk' is something like free lunch
               | or allowing dogs at work. I think the "Unlimited
               | Vacation" scam has unraveled at this point.
        
               | carlosjobim wrote:
               | Another way to see it is to ask why a company should be
               | able to reap the labour benefits of their workers and
               | then force other people to pay for their basic needs?
        
               | orangecat wrote:
               | Should your employer be required to pay for your housing,
               | food, transportation, and clothes? Company towns turned
               | out to be a bad idea.
        
               | carlosjobim wrote:
               | No, but they should of course pay a salary that can cover
               | all that and more. High salaries and high minimum wages
               | is the right solution.
        
           | jswelker wrote:
           | Yes it is true and is sort of the subject of my original
           | post. One of those things I learned in college ironically and
           | is now background knowledge I can't source.
        
         | lotsofpulp wrote:
         | > People want cheap healthcare, and it got shoehorned into an
         | odd employer fringe benefit system that really is not at all
         | related healthcare in any intrinsic way.
         | 
         | Healthcare costs, and hence health insurance premiums, are the
         | same with or without an employer intermediary. The only
         | difference is with an employer intermediary, the insured gets
         | to pay their premium with pre-tax income. The cost of the
         | health insurance is still felt by the employer (shown in box 12
         | of code DD of everyone's W-2), and seen by the employee in the
         | form of smaller raises, or higher premiums/deductibles/oop max,
         | or worse networks.
         | 
         | >People want job training, and it got shoehorned into extra
         | departments at liberal arts universities intended as aristocrat
         | finishing schools. Job training really has little to no
         | relationship to liberal arts.
         | 
         | Job training didn't get shoehorned, a cheap filtering mechanism
         | for people worth betting on to be a good hire got shoehorned.
         | But that filter simultaneously got worse and more expensive
         | over time, making it a bad purchase for most students and bad
         | signal for employers.
        
           | jjmarr wrote:
           | > Healthcare costs, and hence health insurance premiums, are
           | the same with or without an employer intermediary.
           | 
           | If you read the fine print of a health "insurance" plan at a
           | large company, you might discover healthcare costs are
           | directly covered by the employer and the insurance company
           | just administers the plan according to "set rules".
           | 
           | In practice, this operates as blame as a service.
        
             | lotsofpulp wrote:
             | Sure, but the doctors/medicine/hospitals/liability are not
             | any cheaper.
             | 
             | So the healthcare isn't cheap, but the employer is able to
             | gain more control over their employees by tying a piece of
             | their non employee life to the employer creating more
             | friction to prevent people from shopping for jobs with
             | higher pay, and the employee is getting a small tax
             | benefit.
        
               | jjmarr wrote:
               | Yes, but the same insurance company will screw with your
               | coverage depending on your employer.
               | 
               | My mom's plan randomly denied my medications all the time
               | as a student. My current job's plan always provides
               | coverage.
               | 
               | Both were the same insurance company, but she's in a
               | different field with a more stingy employer.
        
               | jswelker wrote:
               | It's especially fun if your employer is in a field with
               | an aging employee population--like higher ed ironically.
               | The insurer gives the same premium rate to all employees,
               | meaning everyone is in the same risk pool. The old and or
               | unhealthy employees make insurance more expensive for
               | everyone at the employer. I've had situations where the
               | exact same insurance plan cost two hugely different
               | amounts of money after switching employers just because
               | of average employee age differences. Really quite
               | perverse.
        
               | Mountain_Skies wrote:
               | Which gives employers incentive to illegally discriminate
               | against older job candidates but good luck proving it at
               | any specific employer.
        
             | FireBeyond wrote:
             | American health insurance is insurance in name only -
             | picture health insurance models laid on top of your car:
             | 
             | Imagine your car gets totaled. Your insurer says, "Hey,
             | we're going to pay out $25K for your vehicle. So you have a
             | $1,000 deductible, so that's $24,000, and then your copay
             | for a total loss is $2,000, so that brings us down to
             | $22,000. For total losses, your coinsurance as your
             | contribution for your vehicle coverage is 20%, which is
             | $5,000, so here's a check for $17,000. But that's only if
             | you're buying a Hyundai, otherwise the vehicle is out of
             | network and you'll get a check for $8,500 instead."
             | 
             | > If you read the fine print of a health "insurance" plan
             | at a large company, you might discover healthcare costs are
             | directly covered by the employer and the insurance company
             | just administers the plan according to "set rules".
             | 
             | Generally this is done by a TPA (third party
             | administrator). In many ways you can do as you wish, but as
             | insurers have already done the actuarial work, it's
             | generally easier to use a plan and tweak it if desired
             | (like "Give us this plan but pay for 1 massage/week")
             | versus having to figure that out yourself.
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | > American health insurance is insurance in name only -
               | picture health insurance models laid on top of your car:
               | 
               | Health insurance is more insurance than car insurance in
               | the US. There is a legal out of pocket maximum of $17k or
               | so, and networks don't matter for emergency situations.
               | In fact, people get millions of dollars of healthcare
               | from health insurance whereas auto insurance provides a
               | maximum of $500k after which you have to use umbrella
               | insurance.
               | 
               | Health insurance premiums are not insurance premiums,
               | because legally, health insurance sellers cannot
               | underwrite the health risks. Legally, young and healthy
               | people have to subsidize old and sick, via age rating
               | factor caps (3x and even 1x in NY and 2x in MA), and not
               | being able to price pre existing conditions.
               | 
               | Which means health insurance premiums are mostly a tax if
               | you are healthy and less than 50 years old or so,
               | especially if you don't plan on giving birth that year.
               | 
               | Auto insurance premiums are insurance, because the
               | insurer is pricing your risk of loss, based on your
               | driving history/driving distance/location/etc.
        
           | nradov wrote:
           | Right, the federal tax code is structured to give advantages
           | to employer sponsored health plans. But it doesn't have to be
           | that way. A better approach would be to eliminate those plans
           | and force everyone to purchase individual or family plans
           | through state ACA marketplaces using pre-tax dollars.
        
             | jswelker wrote:
             | Not sure why the down votes. Severing health insurance from
             | employers would be a huge win. It's just such a massive
             | task that the efforts to address it like Obamacare aren't
             | enough even remotely.
        
               | hylaride wrote:
               | As a Canadian, for all the faults of our healthcare
               | system, the fact that I don't have to stick with a job to
               | maintain healthcare for myself or my family is a massive
               | amount of freedom I take for granted.
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | You don't have to stick with your job in the US either,
               | you just have to earn enough money to buy it yourself
               | from healthcare.gov. But that goes for everything, from
               | food to shelter to utilities, etc.
               | 
               | Probably half the jobs in the US don't pay enough for the
               | employee regularly see a doctor. It might protect them
               | for the $500k emergency heart bypass, but they are not
               | going to be able to afford the $10k out of pocket costs
               | or the ongoing healthcare expenses after they lose their
               | job.
        
             | mjevans wrote:
             | Or, just provide 'basic healthcare' as a human right (and
             | service for being taxed) and make ALL plans on top of that
             | luxury services.
             | 
             | Wouldn't you like to STOP the insanity of "picking" a plan
             | every year (or more) and also end the billing nightmare by
             | just making it all single payer (the government of the
             | people, for the people)?
        
               | orangecat wrote:
               | This is entirely due to the employer being involved. I
               | don't have to pick a new auto or home insurance plan
               | every year.
        
             | trashface wrote:
             | The ACA would need to be changed too, it isn't as generous
             | tax-wise as employer based care. The portion of the premium
             | paid by the subscriber is not automatically tax deductible
             | - they have to itemize or meet certain self-employment
             | restrictions. Many don't, so they are paying effectively
             | with after tax dollars. Its one reason why the ACA rate
             | hikes next year are so brutal.
             | 
             | It matters for early retirees (or these days, people forced
             | out of job some years before they wanted to officially
             | retire). Without self-employment income they can't deduct
             | it, and often for similar reasons they can't itemize. They
             | still get the standard deduction of course, but an person
             | on an employer plan gets that + their cost of premiums,
             | automatically.
        
           | RHSeeger wrote:
           | > Job training didn't get shoehorned, a cheap filtering
           | mechanism for people worth betting on to be a good hire got
           | shoehorned
           | 
           | While it may not be optimal, there is plenty of
           | training/learning that happens in colleges.
        
           | o11c wrote:
           | > Healthcare costs [...] The only difference is with an
           | employer intermediary, [...]
           | 
           | That's missing the biggest problem, which is that the
           | employer gets a free chance to extort the employee in all
           | sorts of illegal ways lest they be cut off and die.
           | 
           | Wage theft is perhaps the biggest-value type of crime every
           | year (sources disagree, but it's certainly higher than many),
           | and that's only _one_ kind of illegal thing employers do when
           | they have all the leverage.
        
           | jswelker wrote:
           | The employer pays a large portion of the employee premiums.
           | As a result the employee is further indentured to the
           | employer because they cannot leave without depriving
           | themselves and family of health care. And it further
           | obfuscates the actual cost of health care. And then the tax
           | code makes this bizarre setup the privileged happy path.
        
           | hc12345 wrote:
           | The intermediary in healthcare makes a significant
           | difference, as, by going through employers and using
           | insurance, the US market is quite fragmented, and there is
           | minimal alignment pushing prices down. The US healthcare
           | provider doesn't get more business by providing a better
           | cost/benefit ratio: It's easier to splurge, and get business
           | via an expensive, comfortable-ish service.
           | 
           | When one then compares US facilities to foreign ones, it's
           | trivially easy to see that many parts of the system just look
           | different, which comes from the perverse incentives of going
           | through employers that aren't big enough to actually push
           | down on providers' prices at all. Both truly private, low
           | insurance systems and universal healthcare systems end up
           | having much better incentives, and therefore lower prices,
           | regardless of who is paying for them.
           | 
           | We get something similar when you compare US universities to
           | those in Continental Europe. It's clear that over there, the
           | finishing school component is so vestigial as to be
           | practically invisible, whole the focus is a filtering
           | mechanism that attempts to teach something. Go look at, say,
           | Spain's universities and see how many open electives are
           | there, or how many university-wide general requirements exist
           | (0). Each degree is basically an independent unit, and
           | chances are you'll never visit a building from a different
           | school. Undeclared majors? Nope. Significant number of
           | students living on campus? Nope. Sports teams, offering
           | scholarships? Nothing of the sort. This also leads to much
           | lower prices to the school itself, regardless of whether it's
           | all paid by taxes or students.
        
             | disgruntledphd2 wrote:
             | I don't disagree with your major points but note that
             | Spanish university course syllabi are determined centrally
             | and are identical across Universities which seems
             | incredibly bizarre to me.
        
         | anon291 wrote:
         | It didn't get shoe horned. Before college degrees proliferated,
         | employers had entrance exams and were expected to train people.
         | A supreme court decision found this to be racist. Companies
         | could be held liable so most companies stopped that and
         | demanded a 'fair' credential. Then everyone had to go to
         | college
        
           | btilly wrote:
           | This one case isn't the full story, but I firmly believe that
           | it is a big deal.
           | 
           | See https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/401/424/ for
           | the case.
           | 
           | The problem is that any hiring test that blacks and whites
           | pass at different rates, is presumed racist. Never mind that
           | the real issue might be that the blacks went to worse schools
           | and received a worse education. Never mind that there is a
           | big body of research showing that ability tests are a more
           | effective way to hire good employees than interviews. If the
           | ratio of blacks to whites hired is different than the ratio
           | that apply, you are presumed to be racist and in violation of
           | the Civil Rights Act.
           | 
           | So a company that needs to hire literate people can no
           | longer, as used to be standard, allow high school students to
           | apply and give them a literacy test. But they can require
           | college.
           | 
           | Therefore college has become a job requirement for a plethora
           | of jobs whose actual requirement is "literate". Jobs that
           | people used to be able to do out of high school, and jobs
           | that could still be done by plenty of high school graduates.
           | That this has become so ubiquitous lead to an increased
           | demand for college. Which is one of the factors driving
           | tuition up.
           | 
           | (My suspicion is that an ability test would lead to a less
           | racist outcome than requiring college. Why? Because minority
           | families struggle more to afford college.)
        
             | thaumasiotes wrote:
             | You'll occasionally see people point out that requiring a
             | college degree has all the same legal problems as requiring
             | a hiring exam does. And those people are correct in terms
             | of the judgments that impose our terrible precedents.
             | They're all just as negative on degree requirements as they
             | are on performance requirements.
             | 
             | But as a matter of empirical reality, our _enforcement
             | system_ declines to prosecute employers who require
             | degrees, because requiring degrees is morally good and
             | requiring exams is morally bad.
             | 
             | The rules about what's allowed don't actually derive from
             | the law. We have laws that forbid everything, accompanied
             | by selective prosecution of only the things that certain
             | people disapprove of.
        
             | nobody9999 wrote:
             | >The problem is that any hiring test that blacks and whites
             | pass at different rates, is presumed racist. Never mind
             | that the real issue might be that the blacks went to worse
             | schools and received a worse education.
             | 
             | Your first sentence is the _result_ of bigotry against
             | those with  "enhanced" melanin content, not the cause.
             | 
             | The cause is laid out in your _second_ sentence.
             | 
             | Resolve the systemic bigotry (not just against those with
             | enhanced melanin content, but against those with the least
             | resources as, at least in the US, most schools are paid for
             | by _local_ property taxes, making the poorest areas the
             | ones with the worst schools) and put us all on a level
             | playing field and we 'll be a much fairer society IMNSHO.
        
               | Izkata wrote:
               | You're agreeing with them. Keep reading their comment to
               | understand why that didn't matter.
        
               | nobody9999 wrote:
               | >You're agreeing with them. Keep reading their comment to
               | understand why that didn't matter.
               | 
               | That's as may be, but my point was orthogonal to theirs
               | and not meant as agreement _or_ disagreement.
        
               | btilly wrote:
               | I agree with your point.
               | 
               | My point was a "don't shoot the messenger".
               | 
               | A politically powerful minority calls ability tests
               | racist because they make minorities look bad. An opposing
               | offensive minority uses those same ability tests as
               | evidence that minorities are simply inferior. Courts
               | ruled that those using the tests should be presumed
               | racist because the results show racial differences.
               | 
               | The result of all of this is a policy, meant to help
               | minorities, that fails them. At great expense to all of
               | us.
               | 
               | And an actual easy to identify factor which sustains
               | racial differences - poor educational policies - is
               | politically off limits to think about. "Because that
               | would cost money."
               | 
               | The resulting mess is in alternating turns absurd and
               | sad.
        
             | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
             | and yet ... that's not what the case you referenced says at
             | all. Justia's own summary, from your link:
             | 
             | > Even if there is no discriminatory intent, an employer
             | may not use a job requirement that functionally excludes
             | members of a certain race if it has no relation to
             | measuring performance of job duties. Testing or measuring
             | procedures cannot be determinative in employment decisions
             | _unless they have some connection to the job_.
             | 
             | (emphasis mine)
        
               | qcnguy wrote:
               | They worked at a power plant, a place where dumb mistakes
               | can cause explosions and kill people. The power plant
               | wasn't racist and hired blacks into the labor department,
               | but because it was just manual labor that department paid
               | worse than the other more technical departments.
               | 
               | When SCOTUS found against the power company they sent a
               | clear message that merely being a technical, safety-
               | critical job was an insufficient basis to establish a
               | need to test people for intelligence. And as it's hard to
               | argue that testing isn't needed for people who could
               | cause massive power outages but is for <job X>, that was
               | widely interpreted to ban such aptitude testing for any
               | kind of job.
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | > When SCOTUS found against the power company they sent a
               | clear message that merely being a technical, safety-
               | critical job was an insufficient basis to establish a
               | need to test people for intelligence.
               | 
               | That's your interpretation. The court regarded the test
               | used the power company as unrelated to the demands of the
               | job. You're welcome to disagree with the court about that
               | (as the company probably did), but don't misrepresent
               | their actual position.
        
               | qcnguy wrote:
               | I didn't claim otherwise. It should however be self
               | evident that courts have no solid basis on which to make
               | such a call. Judges don't know anything about running
               | power plants, hiring employees, or really anything on
               | that matter.
               | 
               | This is why human rights laws are always terrible in
               | practice. They require the courts to make decisions well
               | outside the bounds of their expertise.
        
               | btilly wrote:
               | The court regarded the test as unrelated to the demands
               | of the job, despite a large body of research showing that
               | the test is generally predictive of performance on a wide
               | class of jobs, which that job is in.
               | 
               | The bar was set to, "You must have good statistical
               | evidence that this test is applicable to this job." That
               | is an extremely high bar, that very few private companies
               | are ever going to be able to collect sufficient data to
               | establish.
               | 
               | In fact the only organization that I'm aware of which can
               | pass that bar is the US military. Which is why they are
               | allowed to use ability tests in hiring and initial
               | promotions that no private company would be allowed to
               | use.
        
             | JuniperMesos wrote:
             | > (My suspicion is that an ability test would lead to a
             | less racist outcome than requiring college. Why? Because
             | minority families struggle more to afford college.)
             | 
             | This might have been true when the United States was mostly
             | white, and "minority" specifically referred to the black
             | population who was mostly descended from slaves brought to
             | the US mainland pre-1808, or to an even small number of
             | native Americans. Today, when the US population is
             | significantly more ethnically diverse, and "minority" just
             | means "anyone nonwhite, regardless of where they came from
             | or what their family history is", there's a lot more
             | variation in exactly how ability to afford college
             | correlates with ethnicity.
        
             | seec wrote:
             | All of this is because academia and educational
             | institutions have a tremendous amount of power this way.
             | They can select for ideological compliance instead of
             | actual competence. And this is a desirable property for the
             | rulers because they can weed out those who are likely to
             | destabilise them if they were able to show a valuable
             | alternate path by example.
             | 
             | Why spend so much money on an "education" if you could
             | become successful by simple being competent. The tech
             | sector was like that at first, but then came the degree
             | requirement and the HR ladies. It was a short run and now
             | they are very mad that some people became successful
             | without needing to bow to the dominant ideology.
        
         | collinmcnulty wrote:
         | This view seems to be common, but I think it misses what
         | incredible alchemy comes from making people who come in for
         | "job training" (like I did) spend 4 years in close proximity
         | with research, academic freedom, liberal arts, and at least an
         | attempt at some kind of intellectual idealism separate from
         | economic incentive. It's peanut butter and chocolate that has
         | served democracy and its people well by having a middle class
         | that is not just productive, but truly educated. It's weird and
         | it has problems, but it's also wonderful, and we should not try
         | to sever the two so we can more "efficiently" crank out
         | credentials.
        
           | rayiner wrote:
           | That's historical revisionism. The percentage of American
           | adults over age 25 who have a college degree was only 20% as
           | recently as 1990. When America was truly at the top of the
           | world in the 1950s and 1960s, it was under 10%. A high
           | fraction of college attendance is better correlated with the
           | 21st century decline in America's situation.
        
             | collinmcnulty wrote:
             | I think widening the aperture outside the USA shows how big
             | societal progress has come out of universities of the type
             | we now recognize, starting with 1800s Germany. Even within
             | the USA, the technological and social progress that
             | percolated on universities had big impacts beyond the
             | people actually enrolled and were essential in providing
             | the basis for the employment of many other Americans.
             | 
             | Finally, it's worth qualifying the idea of America's
             | decline. The USA is still THE powerhouse economy of the
             | world. We have huge problems with unequal distribution and
             | things are seriously politically messed up, but in terms of
             | raw productivity, we are doing gangbusters. And solving the
             | political and inequality issues call for a more educated
             | populace, not less.
        
               | rayiner wrote:
               | Germany is a great example of how you don't need most of
               | the population enrolled in universities.
               | 
               | > The USA is still THE powerhouse economy of the world.
               | 
               | The US was a powerhouse economy when it could build the
               | world's largest navy almost overnight. Since the 1980s,
               | the U.S. economy has become highly financialized. It's
               | disputed how much American economic dominance is real
               | versus on paper today.
        
               | monero-xmr wrote:
               | I agree with you, but if the US truly has the best
               | military (and it does 100x) then when push comes to
               | shove, the US will destroy anyone who tries to undermine
               | it. Very dangerous game to oppose it. Being able to
               | construct things quickly is important, but if the US can
               | militarily seize nearly every country on earth in days,
               | the power is not necessarily where the kit is located
        
               | rayiner wrote:
               | If you take nukes off the table, the U.S. doesn't have a
               | 100x military advantage. If China seriously mobilized its
               | industrial capability, the U.S. may not have even a 2x
               | advantage.
               | 
               | Remember that, right before World War II, the US didn't
               | even have a top-10 military, having demobilized it after
               | World War I. It's vast industrial capacity is what
               | enabled it to build a larger military than all of Europe
               | combined within a few years.
        
               | eastbound wrote:
               | The US was also much more unified at the time. That's the
               | thing about history: Like economy, it's human matter, and
               | you could reproduce and experiment twice and get
               | completely different result because your systems are not
               | isolated in location or time.
        
               | potato3732842 wrote:
               | >The US was also much more unified at the time
               | 
               | Were we? Or is that just after the fact revisionism that
               | makes things "easy"
               | 
               | If Europe had managed to keep it together a few more
               | years the US may very well have had a bunch of communism
               | adjacent social strife and FDR may have died a deposed
               | tyrant.
               | 
               | We were certainly more unified on certain broad cultural
               | and values axis, but things were still very divided.
        
               | pjmlp wrote:
               | The most important fact, that people overlook, is that
               | its industrial capacity was never bombed during the war,
               | and Pearl Harbour was the only time the country got
               | directly attacked.
        
               | nostrademons wrote:
               | So Australia & New Zealand are the next superpowers.
               | 
               | I remember when I was around middle school or early high
               | school, I attended a geopolitical simulation at MIT that
               | wargamed out a crisis between major world powers, and
               | that was the exact result. New Zealand won, in alliance
               | with Australia. They were able to invest heavily in
               | technology while everyone else was nuking each other, and
               | then ended up with space lasers or whatever the endgame
               | tech was while everyone else ended up back in the stone
               | age.
        
               | ndsipa_pomu wrote:
               | Reminds me of how I used to play Risk (which I now
               | consider to be one of the worst designed games in a
               | similar fashion to Monopoly) when I'd sit in Australia
               | and just keep building troops until other players weaken
               | themselves with fighting. Of course it helps that there's
               | just a single position to defend Australia and as it's
               | the smallest continent, people usually aim to attack
               | elsewhere.
        
               | fosco wrote:
               | "Modern" risk boards have Australia with 3 borders to
               | defend including the normal and addingcross-map Argentina
               | to New Zealand and Japan to Philippines (I believe this
               | map comes from a risk computer game)
        
               | ndsipa_pomu wrote:
               | Have they re-balanced the continental rewards etc? IIRC
               | North America had three borders, but was worth a lot
               | more.
               | 
               | However, I have no desire to play Risk again as the dice
               | mechanic is infuriating and it's almost the opposite of a
               | euro-game i.e. Players can get eliminated a long time
               | before the end of the game and the game length can be
               | arbitrarily long. Also, if a player falls too far behind
               | the other players, it's very unlikely that they can turn
               | things around (excepting the infuriating dice mechanic
               | which can let a single soldier defeat hordes of
               | invaders).
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | Another major feature of Risk (more or less whatever side
               | rules you're playing with around alliances and so forth)
               | is the role of the cards which pretty much dominate
               | everything else in the endgame.
        
               | strken wrote:
               | As an Australian, I have the suspicion that the decline
               | of industry in the last couple of decades has done a lot
               | of damage to that capability.
               | 
               | We've lost oil refineries, steelworks, consumer car
               | manufacturing, and we lack much shipbuilding and
               | aerospace. We have a lot of mines, which curse us with
               | success: it's not economically efficient to smelt ore
               | when you could be digging up even more of it instead.
        
               | mystraline wrote:
               | When was Pearl Harbor attacked by Japan?
               | 
               | Now, when did Hawai'i become a state?
               | 
               | And when and by whom was their king deposed?
               | 
               | > Pearl Harbour was the only time the country got
               | directly attacked.
               | 
               | Uh, which country again was it?
               | 
               | (Edit: -4, really? Damn, people are salty about actually
               | knowing history versus going against the US public school
               | system's propaganda that "We (royal) were attacked". In
               | reality, the occupier forces, the US military, were
               | attacked, having deposed the government at the behest of
               | Sanford Dole, of pineapple infamy.
               | 
               | But the simple bumper sticker slogan "Remember Pearl
               | Harbor", short circuits and somehow gets people to ignore
               | history at the behest of ruthless hegemonic expansion and
               | irrational patriotism.)
        
               | jleyank wrote:
               | Hawaii was a US territory as was Alaska (which was also
               | attacked). As is Puerto Rico today.
        
               | mystraline wrote:
               | An occupied territory, sure. The Japanese only attacked
               | the occupiers (USA). They didn't go after any of the
               | native peoples' cities.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawaiian_Kingdom
               | 
               | In 1887, King Kalakaua was forced to accept a new
               | constitution after a coup d'etat by the Honolulu Rifles,
               | a volunteer military unit recruited from American
               | settlers. Queen Lili`uokalani, who succeeded Kalakaua in
               | 1891, tried to abrogate the new constitution. She was
               | subsequently overthrown in a 1893 coup engineered by the
               | Committee of Safety (run by Sanford Dole), a group of
               | Hawaiian subjects who were mostly of American descent,
               | and supported by the U.S. military. The Committee of
               | Safety dissolved the kingdom and established the Republic
               | of Hawaii, intending for the U.S. to annex the islands,
               | which it did on July 7, 1898, via the Newlands
               | Resolution. Hawaii became part of the U.S. as the
               | Territory of Hawaii until it became a U.S. state in 1959.
        
               | Workaccount2 wrote:
               | On geopolitical scale, you either need to have big guns
               | or big friends. No one has any true right to any land. If
               | you don't have the foresight to recognize that, you
               | probably don't have a place in the future.
               | 
               | This isn't even something only cold imperialist
               | superpowers adopt. Hawaii itself was populated with
               | warring chiefdoms that were killing each other and taking
               | land for centuries before a bigger fish showed up. Small
               | fish happily eating smaller fish but then are upset when
               | they get eaten...
        
               | hylaride wrote:
               | Your arguments are irrelevant at best and whataboutism at
               | worst because the Japanese were specifically attacking
               | the US Navy as they saw it as a threat to their own
               | expansion plans - which were far worse than anything the
               | US did, even compared to the worst parts of Native
               | American policies (which were very, very bad). The
               | Japanese saw Hawaii as a US territory to attack. Whether
               | or how Hawaii became a US territory is a complete non
               | sequitur in the context of World War 2.
               | 
               | There's nobody outside of hardcore Japanese nationalists
               | that see any of their actions as countering US
               | expansionism.
        
               | vel0city wrote:
               | > Uh, which country again was it?
               | 
               | Hawai'i became a territory of the United States on April
               | 30, 1900. It had been US territory for 40 years. One can
               | point to the US doing bad things to make that the state
               | of affairs, but it was decidedly US territory for a long
               | time at that point. It seems _you_ need to learn history,
               | or you 're just being willfully obtuse about things.
        
               | zmgsabst wrote:
               | Actually, Alaska and the West Coast were attacked during
               | the war -- but only relatively lightly.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleutian_Islands_campaign
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fu-Go_balloon_bomb
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombardment_of_Ellwood
               | 
               | That last one, in which a Japanese sub bombarded Santa
               | Barbara, played a role in the later Japanese internment
               | by escalating fears of an invasion.
        
               | roenxi wrote:
               | The US military isn't that scary; the evidence to date is
               | that it's ability to destroy counties ends somewhere
               | around Iran's strength. The modelling I've seen is that
               | any US-China war will take place in Asia and China will
               | probably win it unless the US gets a lot of help (always
               | possible). And the US has already been undermined by the
               | likes of China, Russia and India and there isn't a lot
               | they can do about it in the short term. They certainly
               | don't have a military option to use against that
               | grouping. At least not one that hasn't already been used
               | in the case of Russia and failed to coerce them into
               | cooperating.
        
               | kiba wrote:
               | America doesn't and shouldn't fight China or Russia
               | alone, so I don't know why we're talking about that.
               | 
               | Russia is basically on its way out as a military power.
               | It can't even conquer Ukraine.
               | 
               | As for China, you don't fight China alone. What do you
               | think military bases in Japan are for? Anyway, for the
               | world's sake, China shouldn't start a war, but sometime
               | you just can't stop stupid.
        
               | the_gipsy wrote:
               | America is on a isolation downward spiral.
               | 
               | Russia will conquer Ukraine, any other prediction at this
               | point is absurd.
               | 
               | See point one, America is alone now, it will take decades
               | to repair the damage.
        
               | pfdietz wrote:
               | Some would dispute the "downward" part there.
               | 
               | Not trying to be the world's policeman would allow
               | tremendous downsizing of the military and its associated
               | expense.
               | 
               | Decoupling and isolation is a very rational response if
               | nuclear proliferation is going to accelerate, in order to
               | avoid having entangling alliances pull the country into a
               | nuclear equivalent of the first World War.
        
               | the_gipsy wrote:
               | "World's policeman", that's what you tell little kids
               | America was doing. America didn't invade Iraq or
               | Afghanistan for world peace. There were strong economic
               | and strategic motives behind those invasions.
               | 
               | At the same time, soft power is also vanishing.
        
               | pfdietz wrote:
               | Strategic motivation? If one assumes the US is going to
               | be globally involved, yes, but that's begging the
               | question.
               | 
               | Economic motivation? Not so much now, with the US being a
               | dominant oil producer, and with petroleum itself losing
               | importance. Even then, it's questionable if this could
               | justify the full cost of the US military.
               | 
               | I think the original motivation was two fold: it was a
               | combination of some sort of moral obligation to defend
               | the "free world" from authoritarians, and (after WW2) a
               | desire to keep small countries (and recent WW2 enemies)
               | from deciding their only option for defense was their own
               | nuclear deterrent.
        
               | amanaplanacanal wrote:
               | I don't see much evidence that's the US wants to defend
               | the world from authoritarians. Some of their closest
               | allies are authoritarian countries.
        
               | pfdietz wrote:
               | Expansionist authoritarians, which in the post war world
               | was communists.
               | 
               | Why would the world need defending from non-expansionist
               | authoritarians?
        
               | amanaplanacanal wrote:
               | Maybe. They seem to actually like expansionist
               | authoritarians now. Evidence being the Russia Ukraine
               | peace effort.
        
               | tim333 wrote:
               | "strong economic and strategic motive" behind
               | Afghanistan? They did it to get Bin Laden basically.
               | 
               | America are like a slightly corrupt and violent world
               | police.
        
               | torginus wrote:
               | So they invaded Afghanistan to grab a Saudi national
               | hanging out in Pakistan?
        
               | tim333 wrote:
               | Mostly https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan#US_invas
               | ion_and_Is...
               | 
               | Apparently the invasion was Oct 2001 and Bin Laden hiked
               | over into Pakistan in Dec 2001
        
               | pfdietz wrote:
               | I think it had something to do with 9/11 being an act of
               | war from Afghanistan against the US. Nations are
               | responsible for the actions of groups inside their
               | borders against other nations.
        
               | tonyedgecombe wrote:
               | >Russia will conquer Ukraine, any other prediction at
               | this point is absurd.
               | 
               | They have been moving across Ukraine at a literal snails
               | pace.
        
               | dmpk2k wrote:
               | That is how attrition war works. Until it doesn't.
        
               | _heimdall wrote:
               | Are you expecting Ukraine to ultimately buckle and
               | collapse if the war of logistics continues for long
               | enough?
               | 
               | It doesn't seem like Russia has the will, or potentially
               | the capability, to actually conquer Ukraine rather than
               | squat on some of their land and hope to move their
               | border.
        
               | bildung wrote:
               | > Russia will conquer Ukraine, any other prediction at
               | this point is absurd.
               | 
               | Are you sure? They are advancing, sure, put look what
               | they paid for to achieve this: 300k dead, 700k wounded,
               | depletion of their souvereign wealth fund, 20%+
               | inflation, lower oil production and so on.
        
               | watwut wrote:
               | Unfortunately, yes. USA is doing everything but openly
               | support Russia at this point too. It could have been
               | different if Ukraine got proper support, but instead it
               | is being undermined.
               | 
               | Europe could do more, but at least most states dont play
               | for Russia (Hungary and Slovakia excepted).
        
               | tim333 wrote:
               | I think we may be at peak Trump though which will limit
               | his power to bail out Putin. The midterms won't go well,
               | the Epstein stuff is embarrassing, the Republicans are
               | starting to get unruly.
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | It's going to be a very long 12 months though.
        
               | somenameforme wrote:
               | I think literally nobody knows the price either side is
               | paying right now. And I do mean literally, including
               | Trump, Putin, and Zelensky. The fog of war applies to
               | participants, let alone outsiders who are basing our
               | views on figures and claims that obviously going to be
               | driven heavily by propaganda.
               | 
               | But beyond this, I don't think this war is about Ukraine
               | anymore than a war in Taiwan will be about Taiwan. It's
               | little more than a proxy for hegemony in both cases.
               | Russia did not want NATO parked in their Achille's heel
               | of the Ukrainian flatlands. NATO did, and we pushed
               | forward against endless threats of it being a redline,
               | essentially as a means of indirectly imposing our will on
               | Russia and establishing a hierarchy of dominance.
               | 
               | And similarly, for those that don't the Taiwan-China
               | history - the Mao led Chinese revolution was a success.
               | The existing government of mainland China fled to Taiwan
               | where they brutally oppressed the locals, in an era known
               | as the 'white terror' [1], and established power through
               | 40 years of martial law. And of course we backed them,
               | solely to use them as a weapon against China, because
               | geopolitics.
               | 
               | This is why these wars are so important for the
               | participants. The US couldn't care less about Ukraine,
               | but withdrawing without ruining our ability to militarily
               | threaten other peer or near peer countries is difficult.
               | And similarly the last thing Russia needs is more land,
               | but if they never act on claims of red lines, then they
               | can never expect their interests to be considered in the
               | case of a conflict in interests between them and the
               | West.
               | 
               | [1] - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Terror_(Taiwan)
        
               | tim333 wrote:
               | I don't agree on the Russia Ukraine motivations. Ukraine
               | is not part of NATO and was not going to become part of
               | NATO. There were already two NATO countries bordering
               | Russia near Moscow and St P if NATO had wanted to invade
               | which they had no thoughts of doing. Russia lies
               | constantly on this stuff. I think they basically regarded
               | Ukraine their land as part of the Russian empire they
               | were restoring.
        
               | somenameforme wrote:
               | It's not about immediate intentions, but about strategic
               | options. Imagine Russia decided to form a military
               | alliance with Mexico with the expected intention of
               | deploying weapons on the Mexican border. If Mexico agreed
               | to this, it would take approximately 0 seconds before the
               | US invaded them under some whimsical pretext (drug gangs
               | probably) and overthrew their government to prevent this.
               | In fact this is, more or less, what the Cuban Missile
               | Crisis was where we were willing to bring the world to
               | the brink of nuclear annihilation over it, and that was
               | an even lighter weight version of this event since there
               | isn't even a land route from Cuba to the US obviously!
               | 
               | But in this scenario would you think Russia deploying
               | weapons in Mexico is a precursor to them invading? Or
               | that the US would be worried about that? Obviously not.
               | Neither was Cuba. But it gives an adversarial power a
               | tremendous strategic edge, while you get less than
               | nothing out of it since it reduces your 'power' in the
               | relative strategic balance of countries.
        
               | tim333 wrote:
               | I still think Ukraine wasn't primarily about Russia's
               | military security though. I mean the US/Nato could stick
               | missiles in Estonia if they wanted.
               | 
               | It may have been about political security. If Ukraine
               | which is basically at least part Russian had become a
               | prosperous democracy on Russia's doorstep it would make
               | it harder for Putin to justify his autocracy. In fact
               | that one may come to pass.
        
               | mopsi wrote:
               | >  Imagine Russia decided to form a military alliance
               | with Mexico with the expected intention of deploying
               | weapons on the Mexican border.
               | 
               | It would be a very foolish idea, because it's no longer
               | the Napoleonic era. Concentrating your forces close to
               | adversary's border makes them easy targets for
               | destruction by long-range artillery and airstrikes. The
               | Finnish chief of defence forces recently made the same
               | remark when the Russians moved their weapons closer to
               | Finland for intimidation: "It only makes them easier for
               | us to destroy."                 > In fact this is, more
               | or less, what the Cuban Missile Crisis was
               | 
               | Not at all. The Cuban missile crisis was only about
               | nuclear missiles. The USSR continued to provide a large
               | number of conventional weapons to Cuba, including
               | submarines and fighter jets, until it collapsed in 1991,
               | without any of your invasion fantasies coming true.
               | 
               | See this photo: https://www.jetphotos.com/photo/11312641
               | 
               | It is a Soviet-built MIG-23 fighter jet carrying Cuban
               | insignia. MIG-23 first flew 5 years after the missile
               | crisis and the first batch was delivered to Cuba in 1978.
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | > It's not about immediate intentions, but about
               | strategic options. Imagine Russia decided to form a
               | military alliance with Mexico with the expected intention
               | of deploying weapons on the Mexican border.
               | 
               | The problem with pretending this analogy is relevant as a
               | justification (or at least an "other people would have
               | one the same thing" argument, which isn't really a
               | justification to start with) of the Russian invasion of
               | Ukraine (besides the fact that it relies on dubious
               | assumptions about a counterfactual) is that the only
               | reason Ukraine resumed its long-abandoned pursuit of
               | relations with NATO was a direct result of the invasion
               | by Russia in 2014.
        
               | SideburnsOfDoom wrote:
               | > Imagine Russia decided to form a military alliance with
               | Mexico ... it would take approximately 0 seconds before
               | the US invaded them
               | 
               | Not this shit again. It's always the identical boring
               | talking points from the Moscow trolls.
               | 
               | e.g. https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=46008641
        
               | rebolek wrote:
               | Thank you for repeating Russian propaganda. But the truth
               | is that Ukraine is sovereign nation and has every right
               | to decide their future and give a fuck about Russia
               | feelings. Russia is the aggressor and blaming anything on
               | NATO is laughable propaganda.
        
               | ku-man wrote:
               | "... the truth is that Ukraine is sovereign nation and
               | has every right to decide their future..."
               | 
               | In all honesty, would you hold that argument if Mexico
               | decides to host Russian or Chinese troops?
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | > In all honesty, would you hold that argument if Mexico
               | decides to host Russian or Chinese troops?
               | 
               | Ukraine wasn't hosting foreign troops (except Russian
               | troops, some of whom were were the spearhead of the
               | invasion) when the Russo-Ukrainian war started with the
               | Russian invasion in 2014.
               | 
               | (They did start hosting some that were involved in
               | training and advisory assignments _after_ the war started
               | and before the major escalation in 2022, but those can
               | hardly justify the war which started with the 2014
               | invasion.)
        
               | master_crab wrote:
               | Yeah, it wouldn't be a bad bet to wager this is going to
               | be a Pyrrhic victory for Russia.
        
               | TheOtherHobbes wrote:
               | Russia is on the same spiral, but further ahead. They're
               | going down together. The US has some chance of pulling
               | out of the nose dive, but it's slim.
               | 
               | They may or may not take Europe and Ukraine with them.
               | 
               | China is better placed to survive, but has its own
               | structural issues.
        
               | MonkeyClub wrote:
               | > Russia will conquer Ukraine
               | 
               | Perhaps the objective isn't to conquer the whole of the
               | Ukraine, but only most of it, leaving the western parts
               | independent.
               | 
               | This seems to be pushed as the right approach wrt the
               | Ukraine in Alexander Dugin's Foundations of Geopolitics,
               | which apparently is used as the source for Russia's
               | current "Eurasianist" geopolitical doctrine:
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foundations_of_Geopolitics
        
               | tim333 wrote:
               | In March 2022 Russia occupied 27% of Ukraine. They have
               | now lost much of their artillery tanks and then army and
               | now control 19% of Ukraine while their oil refineries
               | blow up, and recently tankers. I'm not sure the conquest
               | is going quite to plan.
        
               | expedition32 wrote:
               | China hasn't started a war since the 1970s.
        
               | kevin_thibedeau wrote:
               | They're doing a good job as belligerents against the
               | Philippines.
        
               | closewith wrote:
               | Okay, as Devil's Advocate, you could say the same about
               | the US. It was unable to conquer Korea, Vietnam,
               | Afghanistan, Iraq or Syria.
        
               | firesteelrain wrote:
               | This is a false equivalence. The United States was not
               | trying to "conquer" those countries in the territorial
               | sense that Russia attempted with Ukraine. Those conflicts
               | were limited political or counterinsurgency objectives
               | fought under strict constraints, often without public
               | support, and with no intention of annexation. Comparing
               | that to a conventional invasion aimed at seizing and
               | absorbing a neighbor's territory is analytically
               | inaccurate.
               | 
               | US did defeat Vietnam, Afghanistan and Iraq. And
               | indirectly Syria by supporting the insurgency (and we had
               | bases in that Country). It is also worth noting that the
               | US and South Vietnam had effectively contained the North
               | by 1973. The Paris Peace Accords ended direct US
               | involvement and the North violated those terms two years
               | later when it launched a full-scale conventional
               | invasion. South Vietnam collapsed only after the US
               | withdrew military support. Same with Afghanistan. Iraq is
               | flourishing without Saddam and without war. It toppled
               | Saddam's regime in weeks, and the country now has an
               | elected government, functioning institutions, and no US
               | occupation. Whatever its internal challenges, Iraq is not
               | a case where the US attempted and failed to annex
               | territory. It demonstrates that these were limited
               | political interventions, not conquest wars.
        
               | CMay wrote:
               | I'd also add that the Vietnamese LOVE the US.
        
               | berdario wrote:
               | Despite what the USA did in its invasion of Vietnam, not
               | because of it.
               | 
               | Vietnamese are trying to not forget their history:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_Remnants_Museum
               | 
               | (I'm not sure how many Vietnamese actually love USA, vs
               | how many don't... I just want to remind that different
               | people in the same society might hold different opinions,
               | and the sentiment is certainly not monolithic)
        
               | CMay wrote:
               | I never really looked into it, but it looks like the vast
               | majority of Vietnamese were born after the war so US
               | culture and trade are way more important contributors to
               | opinion. Vietnamese are some of the most pro-US people in
               | the world.
        
               | somenameforme wrote:
               | I think very few, if any, countries in the world would be
               | stronger than what we turned Ukraine into. You have a
               | massive army being replenished by a constant slew of
               | bodies, to the point of forcefully dragging people in off
               | the streets, and then being armed with hundreds of
               | billions of dollars in Western arms. But what gives
               | Ukraine a particular superpower is their logistics.
               | 
               | Most people don't realize is that war is essentially a
               | giant deadly game of logistics, and so the typical plan
               | for Russia would be to simply destroy the logistics
               | pipelines arming Ukraine. But thanks to the people 100%
               | responsible for maintaining Ukraine's military managing
               | to maintain a strategically accepted neutrality, it's
               | impossible to fundamentally disrupt their logistics
               | pipeline outside of small scale black ops stuff.
               | 
               | So that has turned this war into a war of attrition where
               | Russia is advancing slowly, but mostly setting the goal
               | as essentially having Ukraine simply run out of
               | Ukrainians. And they seem to be succeeding. Once the real
               | death tolls for this war are revealed, people are going
               | to be shocked. You don't need to drag in people off the
               | streets, close your borders, and continually lower the
               | enlistment age (in a country with a _severe_ demographic
               | crisis) if you 're not suffering catastrophic losses,
               | especially since as the amount of territory you have to
               | defend decreases, you need fewer soldiers to maintain the
               | same defensive density.
        
               | artursapek wrote:
               | When would the real death tolls be revealed? When Ukraine
               | does a census?
        
               | somenameforme wrote:
               | Once the war ends and both sides can start clarifying
               | their troop classifications. There's always going to be
               | uncertainty because an MIA could be dead, or it could be
               | some guy who successfully deserted and started a new life
               | for himself somewhere. But as both sides return captured
               | troops, exchange bodies, and so on - everything will be
               | made much more clear. And there will also be less
               | political motivation to lie.
        
               | amanaplanacanal wrote:
               | Do you think Ukraine has more casualties than Russia? Or
               | is it simply that Ukraine had a smaller population to
               | begin with?
        
               | hylaride wrote:
               | For Ukraine, war deaths would likely be a footnote
               | compared to emigration when a new census is eventually
               | completed (I don't mean to sound cavalier, but am trying
               | to put things into perspective). An estimated 20% of
               | their population has left since the start of the full
               | scale invasion - ~10 million people - by now they've
               | settled into new lives abroad (my 8 year old daughter's
               | class here in Canada has 3 kids from Ukraine alone).
               | 
               | Ukraine is going to have some painful demographic issues
               | to deal with when the dust settles (and I am cheering for
               | them!).
        
               | Qwertious wrote:
               | >The US military isn't that scary; the evidence to date
               | is that it's ability to destroy counties ends somewhere
               | around Iran's strength.
               | 
               | The US military's "ability" is very contextual - for
               | instance, the US could easily obliterate Iran with a MIRV
               | or two, but for various geopolitical reasons they choose
               | not to. Likewise, the US navy is of limited use against
               | Iran due to the literal mountain range between their only
               | coastline and the bulk of their landmass (and
               | population), much of which is quite mountainous.
        
               | roenxi wrote:
               | If we're assuming a nuclear war then the US military is
               | comparable to a bunch of other militarys. And the
               | "various geopolitical reasons", on examination, includes
               | possible outcomes like the US being pummelled through the
               | stone age and out the other side, or more mild ones like
               | New York being flattened. It isn't really much of an
               | option in any foreseeable scenario where their goose
               | isn't already being cooked.
               | 
               | So yes they are scary, but they aren't that scary
               | relatively speaking. We've left the brief era where the
               | US could exert military supremacy over the globe and it
               | is ambiguous who has the "best" military among the major
               | powers [0]. Militarys are generally a tool for self-
               | destruction anyway so the term is a bit ambiguous, most
               | of the big empires fall because they get too enamoured
               | with military solutions over economic and diplomatic
               | excellence.
               | 
               | [0] Does the US military even perform to spec? There is
               | clearly a lot of corruption and I've seen it described on
               | HN as a disguised welfare program.
        
               | woooooo wrote:
               | Re: US military quality, it's both. Massively corrupt
               | jobs program on the weapons acquisition side, combined
               | with an incredibly effective devolved leadership
               | structure on the logistics and combat side. Tested
               | frequently over the last few decades. The bet in favor of
               | them is that the weapons corruption gets sorted out once
               | it really needs to be.
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | > If we're assuming a nuclear war then the US military is
               | comparable to a bunch of other militarys.
               | 
               | What a nonsense. Really, if we're assuming a nuclear war
               | then the remainder of the sentence no longer has any
               | relevance.
               | 
               | Note that even the idiot in the Kremlin has been given
               | reasons enough to consider that one off the table no
               | matter how much he might want it (assuming he still can).
               | 
               | First strike is a non-starter for every _sane_ country,
               | so you better hope that sanity lasts long enough to get
               | to the  '.' at the end of your sentences. Because if it
               | does not the best you can hope for is live near ground
               | zero.
               | 
               | > Does the US military even perform to spec? There is
               | clearly a lot of corruption and I've seen it described on
               | HN as a disguised welfare program.
               | 
               | If you're aware of any American gear that has not
               | performed in the last 12 months then maybe you should
               | report it rather than to resort to 'just asking
               | questions'.
               | 
               | So far all of the recipients seem to be fairly happy with
               | the deliveries and most nations would quake in their
               | boots if the USA set their sights on them with intent to
               | punish, bar none, and to suggest otherwise is seriously
               | ignorant.
        
               | lurk2 wrote:
               | > the evidence to date is that it's ability to destroy
               | counties ends somewhere around Iran's strength.
               | 
               | Only if Geneva enters the equation.
               | 
               | > the US has already been undermined by the likes of
               | China, Russia and India
               | 
               | What is India doing on this list?
        
               | roenxi wrote:
               | India has been gently aligning [0, 1] with the Russia-
               | China bloc that the US has been encouraging to form over
               | the last couple of years. Nothing crazy but that looks
               | like undermining the US to me. It certainly isn't
               | supporting US policy and the US has been trying to
               | pressure them over it without much success.
               | 
               | [0]
               | https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/national/explained-
               | ahead...
               | 
               | [1] https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/9/16/india-
               | joined-belaru...
        
               | elteto wrote:
               | It's not undermining, it's asserting/showing off their
               | independence. India doesn't want to play for anyone's
               | team, so they play on everyone's team. It's a reminder to
               | all sides that they are not an automatic partner to be
               | taken for granted.
        
               | mschuster91 wrote:
               | > And the US has already been undermined by the likes of
               | China, Russia and India
               | 
               | With respect, Russia is being decimated (literally, at
               | least the "big fortresses" that Russia has been gnawing
               | at for months such as Pokrovsk have insane loss rates) by
               | Ukraine's army who are mostly using donated shoddy
               | Soviet-era remainders and decades old Western surplus.
               | 
               | If the US were to wage actual war with modern technology
               | against either Russia or China (whose arms are based off
               | of Soviet designs and stolen American plans), there is no
               | chance in hell either would be able to do much against
               | the US.
               | 
               | India is different but they're at least a democracy
               | that's reasonably worth calling it that (despite Modi
               | doing his best to dismantle it). I don't see any attempts
               | of India to project power anywhere other than in its
               | immediate neighborhood (i.e. the border disputes with
               | Pakistan and China). They're no threat.
        
               | T-A wrote:
               | > If the US were to wage actual war with modern
               | technology against either Russia or China (whose arms are
               | based off of Soviet designs and stolen American plans),
               | there is no chance in hell either would be able to do
               | much against the US.
               | 
               | https://www.airandspaceforces.com/in-cnas-led-taiwan-
               | wargame...
               | 
               | https://www.csis.org/analysis/first-battle-next-war-
               | wargamin...
        
               | plastic3169 wrote:
               | Could China attack US? Why would US try to attack China
               | in asia? Not an expert but that feels like losing
               | proposition. I think people confuse proxy wars with wars.
               | US is under no threat of being actually attacked.
        
               | tonyedgecombe wrote:
               | You could ask the same question about Japan attacking
               | America but they did do it.
               | 
               | If they think conflict is inevitable then they may well
               | feel they will get an upper hand by moving first.
        
               | plastic3169 wrote:
               | It counts as an attack, but how close was US to actually
               | being taken over? Usually when you fight a war the real
               | risk is that you cease to exist as a country. I know
               | nothing about war strategy, but seems to me US is in a
               | great position as long as you get along with Canada and
               | Mexico.
        
               | humanlity wrote:
               | old chinese proverb: Suffering is living, happiness is
               | death(Sheng Yu You Huan ,Si Yu An Le )
        
               | potato3732842 wrote:
               | Military action is an extension of politics.
               | 
               | US politics do not support all out war against foreign
               | nations at this point in time hence the half wars.
               | 
               | This goes for most first world nations.
        
               | CMay wrote:
               | The US is the second largest manufacturing power, the
               | largest economic power and the largest military power,
               | but those things aren't even what makes it a scary
               | threat.
               | 
               | There are things that make up the US that vastly increase
               | its potential for self-organization when it is given an
               | organizing principle. Yes, dynamism has taken a hit over
               | the decades, but there are also a lot of aimless
               | purposeless people right now that do have an appetite for
               | purpose if given one.
               | 
               | Major modern countries today have red lines defined that
               | they won't cross in order to keep the peace. Russia says
               | don't attack Moscow or otherwise attempt to replace their
               | government or they will nuke you. Nukes do change the
               | structure of future wars between nuclear powers, which
               | might actually make some aspects of it less extreme.
               | 
               | If Ukraine had nukes, they could have a red line like,
               | "If you keep hitting hospitals and schools, we will nuke
               | you. Powerplants and railroads we understand, but if you
               | show us with your actions that you have no mercy for the
               | weak and innocent, we will end you." Instead, they have
               | nothing of the sort.
               | 
               | All the US has to do is wait for the enemy to make
               | catastrophic moral failures and it's game over, because
               | it rallies the people, the companies, the innovative
               | talent, the allies, etc to reject it with force. It
               | crystallizes the purpose.
               | 
               | We are energy independent and are advancing even more
               | ways to expand the dimensions of that. You can't destroy
               | our government, because we'll just recreate it.
               | 
               | We're forcing our allies to become more independent,
               | because they got too soft and we need them hardened up.
               | That only makes the US stronger, because strong allies
               | are better for all of us. It makes us a better deterrent
               | against war happening in the first place.
               | 
               | Meanwhile China is surrounded by countries that dislike
               | it and don't trust it. Giving Canada and Mexico tough
               | love is no comparison to the fundamental failures in the
               | relationships China has with its neighbors in their
               | region.
               | 
               | India is far more US aligned than with China, regardless
               | of tensions. Neither North Korea nor Russia trust China,
               | but they are forced to deal with it despite the buddy-
               | buddy optics.
               | 
               | Failing to benefit from so many possible optimizations at
               | the basic strategic level in their local region, any
               | confidence in a favorable outcome for the CCP seems
               | misplaced. Their failings probably cascade down into the
               | other levels of preparation as well.
        
               | ambicapter wrote:
               | "Forcing our allies to become more independent" is a
               | HILARIOUS way to say "we're destroying our allied
               | relationships, reducing our intelligence capabilities and
               | the chances that they would form a coalition with us in
               | any armed conflict".
               | 
               | I'm just imagining someone getting a divorce saying
               | they're "teaching their spouse the value of
               | independence".
        
               | CMay wrote:
               | Why are you trying to rephrase something I said to mean
               | something it doesn't? That's not what I said. We're not
               | destroying our relationships and we're not ditching our
               | allies. I think you're too caught up in the politics and
               | rhetoric.
        
               | kmeisthax wrote:
               | > We're forcing our allies to become more independent,
               | because they got too soft and we need them hardened up.
               | That only makes the US stronger, because strong allies
               | are better for all of us. It makes us a better deterrent
               | against war happening in the first place.
               | 
               | Translation: we are getting rid of our allies.
               | 
               | It does not make sense for a country to pay another
               | country their "fair share" for military protection. That
               | is literally why the American Revolution happened.
               | Americans fought a war on behalf of the British and were
               | thanked for their service with enough taxes to destroy
               | the local economy. The push to make the colonies pay for
               | "their war" drove the colonists to turn their guns inward
               | and start shooting British regulars.
               | 
               | To be clear, it's one thing for NATO to tell countries to
               | actually meet their 2% targets. But that is not what the
               | current administration is doing. What it's actually doing
               | is disrespecting them and foisting costs upon them. That
               | is not how you run a military alliance.
               | 
               | > We are energy independent and are advancing even more
               | ways to expand the dimensions of that. You can't destroy
               | our government, because we'll just recreate it.
               | 
               | So our government is advancing the cause of energy
               | independence by... what, exactly? Trying to shut down as
               | many solar and wind projects as possible? Renewables
               | (and, to a lesser extent, nuclear) are the best path
               | towards energy independence, if not abundance, that we
               | have. The current administration is bankrolled by Saudi
               | oilmen whose only plan for energy independence is to
               | shout "drill baby drill".
               | 
               | Meanwhile China is churning out solar panels like it's no
               | tomorrow. This has some interesting effects. Like,
               | there's parts of Africa that are just now getting
               | reliable access to electricity because they can buy cheap
               | Chinese solar panels and batteries. Renewables can be
               | provided at basically any scale and can work without
               | infrastructure. Which is making the current American
               | governing coalition shit their pants because they're all
               | oilmen. The American military is built to run on oil. And
               | oil is going away.
               | 
               | > Meanwhile China is surrounded by countries that dislike
               | it and don't trust it. Giving Canada and Mexico tough
               | love is no comparison to the fundamental failures in the
               | relationships China has with its neighbors in their
               | region.
               | 
               | I'll give you that China is bad at making friends.
               | However, for their hegemonic goals, they don't
               | necessarily need big American style alliances. They just
               | need America's allies to look the other way while they
               | steal Taiwan.
        
               | CMay wrote:
               | We're not getting rid of our allies, but it's long past
               | time that they invested more in the common defense and
               | it's important that they do, because it could be a
               | valuable contribution to deterring war. Focus less on the
               | soundbites. Yes there's messy dealmaking happening, but
               | there's what's said and then there's what actually ends
               | up happening.
               | 
               | Solar and wind are only okay, but they aren't reliable
               | and subsidizing them mostly benefits China since they are
               | by far the major supplies. Yes, it creates American jobs,
               | but those people could be doing more important jobs
               | without creating a foreign energy infrastructure
               | dependency. I don't think we actually care that Africa
               | has solar panels from China, except that it makes them
               | energy dependent on them and increases foreign trade in
               | Yuan. It's more of a way to create Chinese jobs, which is
               | a huge priority so they end up with an oversupply.
               | 
               | Traditional nuclear has potential, but the costs, extreme
               | complexity and lengthy lead times hurt the scalability.
               | The newer fusion projects are interesting and I'm
               | hopeful, but even if they work they take forever and are
               | hard to replace quickly once they're up. It's more likely
               | that we'll have a variety of all of these things.
               | 
               | There have been advancements in geothermal that are
               | amazing, cheap, quick, less encumbered by supply chain
               | risks and require way less land so we should see that
               | scale out over the coming decades.
               | 
               | We do also have abundant oil which helps to reduce
               | inflation and exporting it can offset some oil
               | instability in the market. Yes, oil is eventually going
               | away and that is why a renewable energy push was
               | important, but a lot of oil remains untouched. The US
               | military could also operate for years on just oil
               | reserves and can get priority access to it. It would make
               | plenty of sense for major countries to set aside oil for
               | strategic and military purposes long after it stops being
               | used for general transportation.
               | 
               | As for Taiwan, it is fair that dependency on exports from
               | China can cause countries to tow the line, but it would
               | mostly be optics with nothing preventing other forms of
               | support. Also, the pain of losing Chinese exports in many
               | ways would be less than the pain of an expanding China
               | that goes unchecked, so I think those influences are only
               | strong up to a threshold.
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | > We're not getting rid of our allies
               | 
               | Give Trump a few more months then? The USA has shown
               | itself so far be unreliable, and if not quite an enemy
               | also not quite an ally while demanding 100% loyalty the
               | other way around. This obviously will not hold, you can
               | not combine those two and expect a static situation as
               | the outcome.
        
               | kec wrote:
               | I think you're burying the lede there: this hypothetical
               | war would be fought in Asia because China is completely
               | incapable of projecting force to the North American
               | continent. Without that ability to credibly threaten
               | America China could not possibly win a war against it.
               | 
               | The conflicts which superpowers have withdrawn from have
               | been against occupied nations which were in no position
               | to ever become a future threat, this would not be true in
               | a conflict with China, as China could conceivably develop
               | the ability to project force and would be certainly
               | motivated to do so during or after a real conflict.
        
               | usrnm wrote:
               | You cannot keep a good military for very long when you
               | enter the economic decline stage, this has been proven by
               | every empire in history.
        
               | rcarr wrote:
               | Replace the word US in this paragraph with Nazi Germany
               | and the issue with this statement becomes apparent. If
               | the only way you can maintain power is via physical force
               | over others then you're a bully and it won't be long
               | until others unite against you. The US may have the best
               | military in the world but it does not have the ability to
               | take on the entire globe. It's previous status actually
               | came from the fact people used to look up to and admire
               | it - something that has been steadily declining for quite
               | some time now. Growing up, I used to think the US was the
               | coolest place on Earth. Yesterday, I felt sick watching a
               | video on YouTube about how an estimated 1500 people are
               | living in the flood tunnels of Las Vegas and routinely
               | die whenever there is heavy rain. Every place has
               | problems, but you can't just shout "We're the best
               | country on Earth" anymore and have people believe you
               | when on a daily basis the world is seeing so much
               | evidence to the contrary.
        
               | Qem wrote:
               | > Yesterday, I felt sick watching a video on YouTube
               | about how an estimated 1500 people are living in the
               | flood tunnels of Las Vegas and routinely die whenever
               | there is heavy rain.
               | 
               | I didn't know about this. Can you share a link?
        
               | rcarr wrote:
               | https://youtu.be/7MkAs99O1LQ
        
               | usrusr wrote:
               | The US military is as clueless as any other (except those
               | two) about combat in the age of disposable drones.
        
               | sharts wrote:
               | 100x and yet it only took a couple of decades to replace
               | the Taliban with the Taliban.
        
               | hollerith wrote:
               | The last great economic expansion or at least economic
               | reconfiguration was internet services (which of course is
               | mostly distinct from financial services) and the US ended
               | up with a very dominant trade position in internet
               | services.
        
               | 0xDEAFBEAD wrote:
               | >things are seriously politically messed up
               | 
               | I would argue universities played a big role here. https:
               | //books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=social+justice...
               | 
               | The theory of "elite overproduction" suggests that if you
               | train too many aspirants for the same few elite jobs,
               | they will foment instability in order to get the jobs
               | they feel entitled to. That's what happened when we tried
               | to get everyone going to college.
               | 
               | What am I supposed to do with my ethnic studies degree,
               | aside from DEI consulting? Why would I want my DEI
               | consulting to actually solve the underlying problem, if
               | it puts me out of a job? Don't forget, I have a lot of
               | student loans now! This isn't a small issue for me.
               | 
               | The left-extremists say "you need to give me a job in
               | order to make your team more diverse". The right-
               | extremists say "you need to give me a job because the
               | deep state is corrupt, it's time to make america great
               | again". Basically using extremist politics as a trick for
               | getting elite roles.
        
               | seec wrote:
               | That's because they are "elite" in their credentials, not
               | actually elite in their competences/qualities.
               | 
               | By definition you cannot have an elite that is comprised
               | of a large part of the population. The problem is that
               | education institutions have an incentive to bring in more
               | and more people for the money and the power it affords
               | them but that's completely contradictory to the goal of
               | production elite individuals.
               | 
               | A true elite is only possible if you select for the top
               | individuals each year and it cannot be determined solely
               | by the capacity to pay for the school.
               | 
               | A good implementation would use qualities from both US
               | and EU style institutions: education at no cost but very
               | selective process that only accept around 5% of each
               | generation. Otherwise you are just wasting
               | money/ressources on people that will never pay back,
               | whether it is paid by the taxpayer in the EU or by the
               | individual/family in the US is an implementation detail.
               | 
               | And when it comes to "liberal arts" education, in a world
               | where information is extremely cheap/free, it makes
               | absolutely no sense. It was always about credentialism.
               | The reality is that it was about assigning a fake value
               | to people who are kinda useless. The primary selection
               | features are obedience and industriousness which are not
               | necessarily valuable qualities if they are not focused on
               | worthwhile goals but it's very useful for the powers in
               | place. Anybody knows that working hard isn't that
               | desirable when the objectives are not useful. But this is
               | exactly why we get DEI and other dysfunctional
               | policies/systems.
        
               | TheOtherHobbes wrote:
               | Information is not culture. Universities teach culture -
               | moral attitudes. They don't just transfer information.
               | 
               | This applies to science and engineering as much as it
               | applies to the arts, but you need a good education to
               | understand what "morality" means in this context.
               | 
               | The collapse of the West started when the old
               | Enlightenment morality - education of all kinds as a
               | collective good - was replaced by the MBA culture of
               | greed and vapid narcissism.
               | 
               | DEI was a weak and ineffectual response to that. The
               | dysfunction goes far deeper, and universities are now a
               | vector of it rather than a bulwark against it.
        
               | ta20240528 wrote:
               | The chemistry department teaches culture? nonsense.
        
               | BeFlatXIII wrote:
               | It gets incidentally taught whether it's on the syllabus
               | or not.
        
               | throw-the-towel wrote:
               | Everything humans do is about culture. (Not to be
               | confused with the arts.)
        
               | seec wrote:
               | Nonsense. Universities are just part of culture, it's
               | tiny and most people do not participate and only receive
               | the "products" coming out of universities. Culture is a
               | broad concept and very region specific, it is not tied to
               | academia. Universities have influence on culture but
               | that's pretty much it.
               | 
               | Universities are supposed to teach valuable skills and
               | knowledge. Outside of STEM fields they are increasingly
               | failing at that task. Relativism is in full force and we
               | are in the "post-truth" world largely because university
               | produced some of the most garbage theories you could
               | think of.
               | 
               | And universities have no business inserting themselves
               | into moral arguments, otherwise it is basically a state
               | sanctioned religion. But this is basically the problem,
               | universities have become the ideological arm the power in
               | place, exactly like it was when the Catholics dominated
               | Europe and gave legitimacy to kings. Unsurprisingly there
               | have been complaints of "neo-feudalism" which is just a
               | repeat of the middle-age, that happened after the rise of
               | Christianity, when universities were de facto Catholic
               | institutions.
               | 
               | > but you need a good education to understand what
               | "morality" means in this context.
               | 
               | Passive-agressive much ? Instead of attempting cheap low
               | blows, maybe you can go through the trouble of
               | explaining.
               | 
               | Morals can guide you for science and engineering choices
               | but the whole point of those fields is that they
               | shouldn't be limited by morals. I think you are confusing
               | ethics and morals but it also seems like you are just
               | arguing for some form of censorship.
               | 
               | >The collapse of the West started when the old
               | Enlightenment morality - education of all kinds as a
               | collective good - was replaced by the MBA culture of
               | greed and vapid narcissism.
               | 
               | Vapid narcissism is an inherent human behavior and
               | doesn't have much to do with universities but is largely
               | linked to consumerism. I guess you could say that people
               | go to university for credentialism in order to get a good
               | pay to finally express their vapid narcissism. But the
               | universities have nothing to do with the process and just
               | a middle point in route to the goal. Which is basically
               | the argument: credentialism is nonsense and cost a lot of
               | money for no good results. If universities would be
               | successful, one could easily argue that vapid narcissism
               | should be going down actually but instead you get just
               | another marker of uselessness. As for the MBAs, they
               | can't be that big of an influence in the universities,
               | it's mostly about bachelors and masters; why even bring
               | this up ?
               | 
               | > DEI was a weak and ineffectual response to that. The
               | dysfunction goes far deeper, and universities are now a
               | vector of it rather than a bulwark against it.
               | 
               | DEI take its roots in universities, via feminism, gender
               | studies and all kind of social sciences bullshit. Those
               | fields were created precisely to fill the ranks because
               | it was statistically impossible to have enough people
               | clearing the bar for the hard studies even if they had
               | wished to expand capacity. It was just a way to make
               | people pay for a piece of paper that is supposed to give
               | them legitimacy even though what happened is nothing
               | short of endoctrinement.
               | 
               | Of course the universities are a vector of it, they
               | created the dysfunction out of ideology and greed. It is
               | just some a proto-religion that is trying to establish
               | its authority. Nothing can tell you that better than the
               | divide between the university "educated" women, voting
               | left and the common man being either right-wing or closer
               | to the center. Historically women are often the first
               | followers of new religions (just go check who is doing
               | new age bullshit) and they constituted the majority of
               | early followers of Christianity.
               | 
               | So DEI was hardly a response, it was the result of a new
               | religion that has no name trying to cement itself in the
               | establishment. But it can only work if the men play along
               | and so far the sentiment has been quite negative to say
               | the least.
        
               | viraptor wrote:
               | > Why would I want my DEI consulting to actually solve
               | the underlying problem
               | 
               | This applies to any consulting. Normally you want to
               | solve a problem, because there's another thousand of
               | companies that need similar problem solved. You don't get
               | many people coming into a company with an immediate "I'm
               | going to try to not improve anything" plan.
               | 
               | > The left-extremists say "you need to give me a job in
               | order to make your team more diverse".
               | 
               | This is seriously weird even as a misrepresentation. The
               | extreme left is for changing diversity overall rather
               | than just "give me a job". (If we actually go extreme
               | left, it would be closer to "we've got enough resources
               | for everyone to not need jobs to survive" anyway)
               | 
               | The overproduction issue is interesting, but it really
               | didn't need the exaggerated caricatures as examples.
        
               | maxglute wrote:
               | > in terms of raw productivity
               | 
               | In terms of dubious financialized metrics of
               | productivity, i.e. debt + fx driven growth. Which is
               | valid indicator, but also the same inflated indicator
               | that suggests 2025 tertiary that cost 200% 1980 tertiary
               | (income/inflation adjusted) is somehow more productive
               | and not parasitic. The entire problem is spreadsheet
               | doing gangbusters is dependenant on increasingly
               | inequitable CoL extraction to prop up GDP flows. US
               | economy would appear much less powerhouse if not for all
               | the disproportionate financiailization/rent extraction
               | from inelastic sectors (rent/education/health etc)
               | aggregated over past 40 years over functionally
               | comparable value goods/services.
        
               | potato3732842 wrote:
               | Exactly. In <pick random developing nation that isn't too
               | poor> a man who wants to construct a septic for a house
               | pays a man with backhoe who understands the nuances to
               | make it happen. Concrete and diesel are bought, etc, etc,
               | etc. Let's say $5k USD added to GDP.
               | 
               | In US same thing happens. But the man is compelled by
               | threat of law to pay for engineering studies, permits, as
               | are the man with the backhoe and the man making the
               | concrete, etc, etc. $10k is added to GDP.
               | 
               | Has anymore wealth actually been created tho?
               | 
               | You can argue there's a difference because the latter
               | septic is superior because on average they fail less and
               | there's some amortized cost to that but if you're arguing
               | about marginal differences in the face of an integer
               | multiple you've kind of already lost.
               | 
               | This generalizes to just about all products and services.
               | No more value is being created. There's just a bunch of
               | hands in the pot that look like value if you squint and
               | apply motivated spreadsheet magic.
        
               | mlinhares wrote:
               | I haven't been in a car accident for 15 years, not even
               | fender benders, that doesn't mean I shouldn't take
               | insurance.
               | 
               | As someone from a random developing nation car accidents
               | deliver crippling debt and destroy lives there frequently
               | because insurance is not mandatory.
               | 
               | The developing nation blindly ignore the externalities of
               | not having insurance (instead of spreading the cost
               | throughout society, only a few people bear the brunt of
               | it, usually the ones least equipped to handle it), so
               | your example is great only if you assume its fine to
               | continue to beat down the poor. There's a reason
               | developed nations have developed such "red tape" and the
               | anti-vaccine movement here in the US is finding out what
               | happens when the red tape is removed.
        
               | potato3732842 wrote:
               | It comes down to the amortized cost of insurance vs
               | amortized cost of not. Say nothing about how incentives
               | get fucked all to hell by breaking things across many
               | parties (principal agent problem) and the money distorts
               | things.
               | 
               | And this isn't just insurance. Just because someone who
               | work is being made for by law or by rule says that their
               | work output reduces the failure rate from X to Y doesn't
               | mean that the cost of their work when applied to
               | everything isn't a massive loss compared to just not
               | paying for that and cleaning up the mess X times instead
               | of Y times.
               | 
               | You can appeal to emotion all you want but it's a very
               | simple calculation. Heck, health insurance (in the US)
               | serves a pretty obvious counterpoint.
        
               | maxglute wrote:
               | Compare against the typical OCED nation, US spending ~18%
               | gdp on health, about ~8% higher than OECD average, i.e.
               | 2T+ rent extraction per year for net lifespan that is
               | statistically worse than OECD average. 6 months of US
               | excess health spending buys you entire HSR system in
               | China that's frequently being panned as overbuilt and
               | wasteful. Meanwhile look at recently built Brightline
               | Florida, with ~120 deaths per billion passenger km,
               | normalize that to EU, JP, PRC HSR billion passenger km,
               | you'd get 15k, 50k, 310k fatalities per year. Imagine PRC
               | losing Cincinnati every year due to rail deaths. Now
               | Brightline extra dumpfire execution but just to highlight
               | at some point there's too much red tape, and red tape
               | doesn't always buy you value. Sometimes the system is so
               | broken and you end up the worst of both world quadrants:
               | high cost rent extraction & less than first world
               | outcomes because the accumulation of redtape itself is
               | leading to substandard outcomes. AKA premium medicore.
               | Extra worse in some sectors when it's not simply
               | opportunity cost inefficiencies, i.e. you lose on
               | something else. A sclerosic money flow recycling
               | maximizer can also makes the thing it's pumping money
               | into worse than expected.
        
               | randerson wrote:
               | There is still $5K more _economic_ value created, in that
               | +$5K went to people who might otherwise be jobless.
               | They'll in turn spend that money at businesses in the
               | private sector, reaching more people, and so on. If the
               | man with the septic tank runs a coffee shop, he will see
               | extra value from more coffee sales.
               | 
               | The extra taxes paid by all will (theoretically) improve
               | the schools, roads, military, and services. The
               | regulations will (theoretically) decrease the risk of
               | poisoning ground water and injuring someone, which adds
               | even more value to the local community.
               | 
               | The distinction is just that the septic tank is twice as
               | expensive in the developed country. But that money can
               | lift people out of poverty. The exception is when the
               | company owner is hoarding the majority of the money tax-
               | free instead of paying it to people who will spend it.
        
               | IncreasePosts wrote:
               | The person who wanted the septic tank almost certainly
               | would spend that $5k somewhere else if he had it. Except
               | in that circumstance he would spend it on something that
               | he thought provided him value, instead of overbearing
               | regulation.
        
               | randerson wrote:
               | As someone with a septic tank, I'd rather spend more on a
               | system that won't fail and won't kill anyone. I'd grumble
               | while paying so much but I'd still do it. Just like I'd
               | rather pay more for a car from the over-regulated EU than
               | one for half the price from a country with no safety or
               | quality regulations.
               | 
               | I realize I don't speak for the more cash strapped
               | population, and I agree that overbearing regulation can
               | be a problem. The problem is not regulations themselves,
               | which save lives, but the perverse execution of new
               | regulations in countries like the US (often written by
               | market leaders to cement their moat, with the power of
               | lobbying.)
        
               | potato3732842 wrote:
               | >There is still $5K more _economic_ value created, in
               | that +$5K went to people who might otherwise be jobless.
               | They'll in turn spend that money at businesses in the
               | private sector, reaching more people, and so on. If the
               | man with the septic tank runs a coffee shop, he will see
               | extra value from more coffee sales.
               | 
               | That's the grade school analysis and in reality we are
               | all poorer for it.
               | 
               | If ten people pay $5k to avoid getting a substandard
               | service that has a 1/10 chance of happening and will cost
               | $20k to remediate if it does that is a massive loss to
               | the overall economy because that money otherwise would've
               | been spent elsewhere else.
               | 
               | This isn't just septics, it's every widget and service.
               | And it's not just a government and tax problem (though
               | those cases are frequently most flagrant). Private
               | industry requirements cause the same problems.
        
               | Aerroon wrote:
               | And in some areas it's even worse than that -
               | construction quality for housing can be very poor. You
               | basically need an independent building inspection to not
               | get scammed by poor quality construction.
        
               | ReflectedImage wrote:
               | Ahh the bad high school maths take, which doesn't account
               | for the risk.
               | 
               | People don't just build 1 thing for a house nor can they
               | afford a $20k failure.
               | 
               | If you take Fred who saves up $10k for a major purchase
               | for his house each year.
               | 
               | If there is a 10% chance of a failure, then Fred will
               | have a 53% chance of bankruptcy in 7 years.
               | 
               | You can't run an economy where everyone is bankrupt.
        
               | pantalaimon wrote:
               | So instead of a man with a backhoe we should instead hire
               | 10 men with spoons?
        
               | secabeen wrote:
               | > In <pick random developing nation that isn't too poor>
               | a man who wants to construct a septic for a house pays a
               | man with backhoe who understands the nuances to make it
               | happen. Concrete and diesel are bought, etc, etc, etc.
               | Let's say $5k USD added to GDP.
               | 
               | The piece you're missing is that the man has to pick
               | between 10 indistinguishable men with backhoes, of which
               | some unknown percentage are charlatans who will dig a
               | hole, put some pipes in it, then disappear with the
               | money. The original man will now have a puddle of human
               | waste next to his house, no septic system, and be $20k
               | poorer ($10k+ in cleanup, then $10k to someone to build
               | an actual system).
               | 
               | Regulation ensures that the charlatans can't operate and
               | that everyone who pays $10k for a septic system actually
               | gets one that works for decades. This also protects the
               | original man's neighbors who also suffer when his
               | property develops a cesspool. Regulation also protects
               | against well-meaning but incompetent operators, who are
               | also common when regulation is weak or non-existent.
        
               | infecto wrote:
               | This is a wild take imo. Yes, I am sure there there are
               | definite cases of overreach and I generally sit squarely
               | in the libertarian camp but most permits, studies, etc
               | are there for a reason. Maybe you have lived in a
               | developing nation but I have and I can say you are at
               | much higher risk of death because of the lack of
               | oversight. The number of commercial building fires, risky
               | electric installations, lack of common code is highly
               | dangerous.
        
               | bildung wrote:
               | > The USA is still THE powerhouse economy of the world.
               | 
               | Things look decidedly different if you exclude the ad
               | companies (Google, Meta, ...) and associated shovel
               | sellers, see the WaPo article about the S&P 493 from a
               | few days ago.
        
               | phillipcarter wrote:
               | Not to discount physical infrastructure, but the world is
               | quite digital these days and being at the absolute top of
               | the software + associated techs economy is nothing to
               | sniff at.
        
             | RVuRnvbM2e wrote:
             | The reason for US economic domination starting in the 50s
             | is the fact that society and infrastructure in the rest of
             | the developed world had been utterly devastated by the
             | second World War. The rate of college education is utterly
             | irrelevant.
        
             | spankalee wrote:
             | > When America was truly at the top of the world in the
             | 1950s and 1960s
             | 
             | You mean when so much of the rest of the world was poorly
             | educated either not very industrialized yet or had their
             | industrial base destroyed by the war? Easy for the US to be
             | "on top" then.
             | 
             | But I much prefer the better educated America that came
             | after that, even if wasn't as "at the top of the world" -
             | though I'm really not sure who else you could be referring
             | to that could be more on top.
        
               | WillPostForFood wrote:
               | US had highest per capita GDP in the world in 1913,
               | before Europe's first, and second, self destructions. The
               | US would have been on top in the in 1950s and 1960s no
               | matter what. Just by scale, resources, and economic
               | system.
        
             | danans wrote:
             | > The percentage of American adults over age 25 who have a
             | college degree was only 20% as recently as 1990. When
             | America was truly at the top of the world in the 1950s and
             | 1960s, it was under 10%.
             | 
             | Due to automation and the great advance of technology, the
             | floor for most jobs has risen such that the
             | skills/knowledge that a 1950s school dropout had would be
             | insufficient for anything but the most menial jobs today.
             | 
             | Outside of a few sectors like agricultural or physical
             | service labor, our economy just doesn't need less educated
             | people anymore.
             | 
             | That doesn't mean everyone needs a 4 year degree, but to
             | make a sustainable living at least a degree from a trade or
             | service school focused on some advanced technician skill is
             | required, and that must be followed by apprenticeship and
             | licensing. In the end, it requires as much time as
             | University, but might cost less if the education is at a
             | public community college.
        
               | jswelker wrote:
               | Community colleges are the best existing institution we
               | have to fill the gap. They are too wedded to the
               | university model though. Credit hours, semesters,
               | discrete courses, administrative overhead, the whole
               | works, minus much of the campus life dressing.
               | 
               | Hell I applaud even boot camps for trying to fill it, for
               | all their faults. At least they tried something slightly
               | different.
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | Our immigration policies pretty strongly indicate we
               | still need those less educated people doing work, we just
               | don't want to _pay_ anything resembling reasonable wages
               | for such.
        
               | danans wrote:
               | I agree that our system relies heavily on uneducated
               | migrants for menial labor.
               | 
               | However, uneducated people in the 1950s regularly got
               | jobs in factories that paid enough for a single income to
               | support a family.
               | 
               | That opportunity for uneducated Americans won't come
               | back, regardless of our immigration policies.
        
               | K0balt wrote:
               | It's likely that automation is about to turn the world on
               | its ear vis-a-vis low skilled employment. The cost of
               | human sustenance and care is surprisingly high compared
               | to electricity, steel, carbon fiber, and silicon.
        
               | stefs wrote:
               | While it's true that it was possible to support a family
               | on a single unskilled laborer income in the '50s, their
               | standard of living was far below anything most people
               | would accept today.
        
               | fpoling wrote:
               | A single income family in US with the husband working at
               | a factory in fifties and sixties could afford a home with
               | washing machine, dish washer, TV and a phone. Surely the
               | home was smaller, but it was easier to clean, the TV
               | screen was tiny, but then the family can go to a cinema.
               | There was no internet, but for information one could go
               | to the library. So how it was far below what people in US
               | could accept today?
        
               | amanaplanacanal wrote:
               | There are certainly a few people that would accept it,
               | look at the whole "tiny home" and "van life" phenomena.
               | It's possible that more would, if smaller houses were
               | available. Builders make much more profit on larger
               | houses though.
               | 
               | I guess apartment living is closer to what people had
               | post-war, but everybody wants to buy a house to get in
               | the real estate gravy train.
        
               | tonyedgecombe wrote:
               | >While it's true that it was possible to support a family
               | on a single unskilled laborer income in the '50s
               | 
               | I'm not even sure that is true. Poverty in the US was
               | higher in the fifties and sixties.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poverty_in_the_United_State
               | s#/...
        
               | immibis wrote:
               | Depends how you measure, surely. They had less TVs and
               | computers and prepackaged food, the same amount of
               | sunlight, and more freedom (as measured by average income
               | to rent ratio).
        
               | crossbody wrote:
               | Not true, the share of income going to living necessities
               | has steadily dropped. Even not true for sunlight - the
               | air quality was so much worse that you couldn't see much
               | of the sun anyway
        
               | seec wrote:
               | Hard disagree. Most useful skill and knowledge is still
               | learned on the job. The "education" is just a selection
               | process. And not only it is a pretty bad one, it is
               | extremely costly.
        
               | danans wrote:
               | > Most useful skill and knowledge is still learned on the
               | job. The "education" is just a selection process.
               | 
               | It selects for the ability and intrinsic motivation to
               | learn.
               | 
               | If you were running a factory or a building construction
               | company, wouldn't you want that in someone you hire?
               | 
               | Are there high school dropouts who have the ability and
               | intrinsic motivation? Of course there are. Many drop out
               | due to poverty and family/community strife, or mental
               | health challenges.
               | 
               | But as an employer would you risk assuming a high school
               | dropout had the same motivation?
        
               | seec wrote:
               | > It selects for the ability and intrinsic motivation to
               | learn.
               | 
               | You are confusing obedience and willingness to jump
               | through hoops with the motivation to learn. People
               | largely don't need school to learn most things. I would
               | argue that most good learners actually hate school. It
               | would be challenging to self-teach your way to advanced
               | math/physics but that does not concern the vast majority
               | of education. Being motivated to learned is deeply linked
               | to having a reason for learning. I actually wouldn't
               | trust people who were too industrious at school for
               | careerist reasons because it mostly means they are able
               | to tolerate bullshit and rote learn without much pushback
               | on nonsense. STEM is somewhat immune to this because you
               | need at least some form of understanding to solve actual
               | problems but plenty of field have a legitimacy issue
               | resulting from this effect. Notably the medical field is
               | full of hard working idiots and most of the social
               | sciences are infested with ideological parrots. Allegedly
               | it is supposed to select for conscientiousness but since
               | I have faced specialised doctors who schedule 2
               | interventions when it could be done in one for billing
               | purpose, I would argue it's mostly self-interest or a
               | very perverted form of conscientiousness.
               | 
               | > If you were running a factory or a building
               | construction company, wouldn't you want that in someone
               | you hire?
               | 
               | Someone having a specific diploma doesn't mean he is
               | actually competent in practice. It is just more likely
               | that he isn't absolutely terrible, but that's mostly risk
               | edging. It's funny you take that example because a while
               | ago there was a news in France where an architect had
               | sentenced because he practiced without the required
               | diploma. The guy was 60 and he had designed some big
               | building, even for the public market (his mistake); he
               | had learnt on the job with a mentor and never got around
               | finishing the school curriculum. Le Corbusier famously
               | didn't have any formal architectural training yet
               | seventeen of his projects are on UNESCO list. So I dunno,
               | personally I would hire Le Corbusier regardless of his
               | training if I ever could afford it but the point is that
               | everyone should be free to choose for themselves, not the
               | powers that be of the education establishment.
               | 
               | > Are there high school dropouts who have the ability and
               | intrinsic motivation?
               | 
               | Yes, it doesn't mean anything, just that they got bored
               | with education system or had some other problem. Two of
               | the most valuable companies were founded by drop outs,
               | Steve Jobs and Bill Gates (not high-school, but first
               | year of college is basically the same). If it was just a
               | problem of competence, you could have some sort of
               | certifications for most things, where one could take an
               | exam to prove that he knows what he is doing. But this
               | doesn't happen because it is about enriching a specific
               | class, restricting access to high level jobs to people
               | who will submit to the dominant ideology. Most
               | certifications/exams have a specific education
               | level/diploma as requirement for entry. This is just
               | supply control in favor of the most fortunate. You just
               | cannot reduce ability and motivation to the
               | willingness/capacity to submit to the education system.
               | 
               | > But as an employer would you risk assuming a high
               | school dropout had the same motivation?
               | 
               | That's the whole point of a business. Assume risks to
               | merit the potential payoff. Why do you think the cost of
               | job training should be assumed by the public when they
               | will not get any of the private benefits generated. On
               | top of that, the issue is clearly a disconnect between
               | what is needed in the market and what type of curriculum
               | has been sold in universities so it's clearly not
               | working. In any case it seems insane to me that you are
               | arguing for the isolation of training risks for the
               | benefits of business. What is need is relaxed employment
               | regulations, so that if it doesn't work out, it is not
               | too expensive for business to let go of poor prospect. In
               | an healthy labor market, people would find jobs and the
               | required training much easier. Schools are just a way to
               | offload the cost to the private individual at best or to
               | the public at worst. That's just bad, business have no
               | reasons to exist if they are just to leach of public
               | benefits, might as well go full on communism at this
               | point.
        
               | terminalshort wrote:
               | People can operate heavy equipment and even fly planes
               | without a fancy sounding degree, so I don't think some
               | stupid office job is so complex that a HS grad can't
               | handle it.
        
               | torginus wrote:
               | That is absolutely untrue - a large part of the jobs were
               | either outsourced and/or automated to be trivial, but a
               | large part is essentially barely made easier by
               | technology - food service, all the jobs necessary for
               | running and building infrastructure, homes etc. is only
               | changing very slowly due to technology - this is due to
               | the nature of the fields, even if there were rapid
               | advancement in plumbing (there weren't) in the past few
               | decades, most of the buildings are standing and
               | rebuilding them makes little sense - same with water
               | treatment facilities, power plants etc.
               | 
               | In fact I would argue in some ways society is even less
               | capable today - the percentage of people skilled in the
               | trades is much lower, so it would be much harder to
               | rebuild from scratch.
        
               | BeFlatXIII wrote:
               | > Due to automation and the great advance of technology,
               | the floor for most jobs has risen such that the
               | skills/knowledge that a 1950s school dropout had would be
               | insufficient for anything but the most menial jobs today.
               | 
               | I love to point this out to anti-welfare people and make
               | them blue screen. Especially when they're not willing to
               | acknowledge unethical solutions, such as euthanizing the
               | stupid or acknowledging that not having welfare for an
               | unemployable population shits things up for the rest of
               | society.
        
             | nobodyandproud wrote:
             | Correlation-only is sloppy analysis.
             | 
             | The inheritors and descendants of those that directly
             | created the problem are screaming at the colleges as the
             | problem.
             | 
             | But that's ass backwards: Create the long-term financial
             | opportunity and the college problem will disappear
             | overnight.
             | 
             | The correlation is because rational actors will follow the
             | only leads available to make money, survive, and raise a
             | family.
             | 
             | Edit: I edited the tone, slightly.
        
               | overfeed wrote:
               | > The inheritors and descendants of those that directly
               | created the problem are screaming at the colleges as the
               | problem
               | 
               | Not to mention rank-and-file American conservatives who
               | see universities as bastions of liberal thought/power,
               | and create threadbare, post-hoc arguments as to why
               | universities have to be dismantled or politically
               | reeducated when partisanship has to be disguised.
        
               | lurk2 wrote:
               | > when partisanship has to be disguised.
               | 
               | The conservatives are right about the partisan bias of
               | universities. See this survey by Mitchell Langbert.
               | 
               | https://www.nas.org/academic-
               | questions/31/2/homogenous_the_p...
               | 
               | Anthropology and communications saw no registered
               | Republicans. English, Sociology, and Art departments had
               | a ratio of around 40:1 Democrat professors Republican
               | professors, whereas in technical fields the ratio drops
               | considerably to only 1.6:1 in engineering, and around 5:1
               | for economics, chemistry, and mathematics.
               | 
               | Langbert notes:
               | 
               | > The political registration of full-time, Ph.D.-holding
               | professors in top-tier liberal arts colleges is
               | overwhelmingly Democratic. Indeed, faculty political
               | affiliations at 39 percent of the colleges in my sample
               | are Republican free--having zero Republicans.
               | 
               | Duke: https://dukechronicle.com/article/duke-university-
               | faculty-su...
               | 
               | > When asked for their political identities on a scale of
               | "very liberal" to "very conservative," 23.2% of
               | respondents identified as "very liberal," 38.53%
               | identified as "somewhat liberal," 24.48% identified as
               | moderates or centrists, 9.92% identified as "somewhat
               | conservative" and 3.87% identified as "very
               | conservative."
               | 
               | Yale: https://buckleyinstitute.com/faculty-political-
               | diversity-rep...
               | 
               | > Across 14 departments in the Social Sciences and
               | Humanities, the report identified 312 Democrat faculty
               | (88%) and only 4 Republicans (1.1%), a ratio of around 78
               | to 1.
        
               | overfeed wrote:
               | > The conservatives are right about the partisan bias of
               | universities
               | 
               | Yes - and? Police forces and catholic churches skew
               | conservative, but I figure it's an emergent property
               | based on the self-selected group who join the respective
               | organizations plus some exposure to new ideas.
               | 
               | You seem like you expect political "neutrality", but if
               | you look at at any institution, you'll find "bias":
               | theatre fook, country music, poets, small Business
               | owners, baristas , farmers, CxOs, software engineers tend
               | to lean one way or another on average. The battle is not
               | to establish political neutrality everywhere, but
               | selective against universities because the staff &
               | students leans left. I'm yet to hear conservatives
               | complain about the political bias in the Fraternal Order
               | of Police or the FBI.
               | 
               | Looking at history, every nascent autocracy takes aim at
               | independent intellectuals, like clockwork. First to be
               | neutralized is the opposition, then the press, then the
               | intellectuals in higher education.
        
               | lurk2 wrote:
               | > I figure it's an emergent property based on the self-
               | selected group who join the respective organizations plus
               | some exposure to new ideas.
               | 
               | There are plenty of conservatives interested in
               | anthropology; there's no reason to think they've self-
               | selected out of the pool, so then we have to consider if
               | conservatives enter the field but are exposed to new
               | ideas such that none remain conservatives for long (this
               | seems unlikely), or that these departments have been
               | taken over by people who explicitly use their influence
               | within these departments to promote certain narratives;
               | this is far more likely as they have been explicitly
               | stating that this is what they are doing for decades now.
               | 
               | This theory is further corroborated by where you see this
               | bias; it's the least pronounced in quantitative,
               | technical fields (mathematics, engineering, chemistry),
               | and most pronounced in fields that are almost completely
               | qualitative.
        
               | overfeed wrote:
               | > or that these departments have been taken over by
               | people who explicitly use their influence within these
               | departments to promote certain narratives
               | 
               | What mechanisms do these department heads use to suppress
               | conservative viewpoints in research? While politics in
               | academia can be vicious, it's never a grand conspiracy
               | like you think it is, it's typically, and depressingly
               | petty issues and grudges.
        
               | lurk2 wrote:
               | > What mechanisms do these department heads use to
               | suppress conservative viewpoints in research?
               | 
               | DEI has likely had a minor influence. In the articles I
               | linked above, the bias towards liberalism is weakest
               | among Asians, then whites, and then strongest among
               | blacks and Latinos. I don't know what the racial
               | composition of professors looks like, so this is just a
               | hunch.
               | 
               | The primary mechanism would be to simply avoid hiring
               | those who fail to signal that they are sufficiently
               | liberal, and avoid funding research that would reach
               | illiberal conclusions. I can't point you to any evidence
               | of this besides the paper I linked above, but which seems
               | more likely:
               | 
               | 1) Republican opinions just so obviously conflict with
               | the study of communications that there are zero
               | professors of communications who are registered
               | Republicans.
               | 
               | 2) Democrats took control of these positions and did not
               | care to invite anyone who didn't signal that they were
               | ideological fellow travellers?
               | 
               | > While politics in academia can be vicious, it's never a
               | grand conspiracy like you think it is, it's typically,
               | and depressingly petty issues and grudges.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_march_through_the_inst
               | itu...
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deplatforming
        
               | TheOtherHobbes wrote:
               | Being interested is not the same as being competent.
               | 
               | Conservatism is not a doctrine of competence. Experience
               | shows time and again that conservatives can't think,
               | can't plan, and can't govern. They act in emotional and
               | purely self-interested ways to promote rigid hierarchies,
               | and are reliably surprised by consequences that are
               | obvious and predictable to rational educated actors.
               | 
               | Brexit. Anti-vax campaigns. Anti-masking. Racism.
               | "Lowering corporate taxes makes everyone richer."
               | 
               | All delusional, all emotionally motivated, all
               | predictable failures with terrible consequences.
        
               | inemesitaffia wrote:
               | I've seen this exact claim in the NYT and it doesn't hold
               | muster.
               | 
               | You're just othering.
               | 
               | The organizations we're talking about aren't diverse,
               | inclusive or representative.
               | 
               | Nor is conservativatism a Western only thing.
        
               | esrauch wrote:
               | I'm not sure what evidence you would expect to see if it
               | was self-selection because of an in-group mentality
               | versus explicit hostility to intentionally keep some out.
               | 
               | By comparison, is there some affirmative evidence for the
               | reason why there are so few liberals in the FBI is
               | because they self-selected out, instead of that the FBI
               | being perceived as a conservative institution causes them
               | to self-select out?
        
               | lurk2 wrote:
               | > I'm not sure what evidence you would expect to see if
               | it was self-selection because of an in-group mentality
               | versus explicit hostility to intentionally keep some out.
               | 
               | What about an explicit roadmap?
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_march_through_the_inst
               | itu...
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deplatforming
               | 
               | > is there some affirmative evidence for the reason why
               | there are so few liberals in the FBI is because they
               | self-selected out, instead of that the FBI being
               | perceived as a conservative institution causes them to
               | self-select out?
               | 
               | I'm not sure I understand your question. I would presume
               | if people are self-selecting out of any organization it's
               | because they believe it isn't a suitable place for them,
               | and if this division is along party lines then politics
               | is likely to be the cause of that belief. In either case,
               | if the FBI skews conservative, I would guess that this
               | was due to internal gatekeeping, not self-selection, and
               | I think the history of the organization supports that
               | assertion.
        
               | esrauch wrote:
               | > What about an explicit roadmap?
               | 
               | I'm not sure what you're pointing at in the links: I
               | don't see any "explicit roadmap" to exclude mainstream
               | conservative thinkers from professorships documented
               | there. The main examples seem to be Creationists and Alex
               | Jones and similar inflammatory content creators having
               | paid speaker invitations rescinded due to student
               | pressure, which is an radically different topic than what
               | I thought the thread was about.
               | 
               | > In either case, if the FBI skews conservative, I would
               | guess that this was due to internal gatekeeping, not
               | self-selection, and I think the history of the
               | organization supports that assertion.
               | 
               | The FBI very dramatically skews conservative compared to
               | the American base, and I think it is a conspiracy theory
               | level claim that the explanation is that the FBI is
               | deliberately keeping out mainstream-left-leaning people
               | from being agents.
               | 
               | It's always very attractive to believe that there's some
               | shadowy cabal explicitly and deliberately controlling the
               | strings to the outcomes that you don't like, when in
               | reality it essentially is never the case. The reality is
               | always far messier, and nearly all bad things stem from
               | complex emergent systemic outcomes with no X-Files
               | Smoking Man at the center of it all.
               | 
               | Any claim of an affirmative explicit decision for the bad
               | outcome requires exceptional justification, because it's
               | just such an appealing thing to want to believe and its
               | almost never true.
        
               | immibis wrote:
               | Is this a problem? We expect universities to have a pro-
               | truth, pro-reality, pro-knowledge bias, which are things
               | the Republican party overtly rejects. We could expect
               | that Republicans might not make it to universities as
               | often, or they might not want to attend, or they might
               | cease being Republicans upon learning facts and logic.
               | None of this would be surprising and none of this would
               | necessarily be a problem by itself.
        
               | gedy wrote:
               | > We expect universities to have a pro-truth, pro-
               | reality, pro-knowledge bias
               | 
               | And yet they are far from that. Lots of finger-in-ears,
               | "la-la-la-I can't hear you" behaviour from universities
               | in US/west past decade for sure.
        
               | nobodyandproud wrote:
               | Speaking of fingers in ears...
               | 
               | That happens in conservative circles too. But instead of
               | 4 years, Americans like myself are stuck with 40 years of
               | business indoctrination from pro-business and
               | conservative "leadership".
               | 
               | The same leadership, by the way, that largely insisted on
               | college degrees in the first place.
        
               | lurk2 wrote:
               | > We expect universities to have a pro-truth, pro-
               | reality, pro-knowledge bias, which are things the
               | Republican party overtly rejects.
               | 
               | The people you're pretending to be harbingers of truth
               | believe that men can get pregnant.
               | 
               | > or they might cease being Republicans upon learning
               | facts and logic.
               | 
               | So why is the bias the strongest in the least rigorous
               | fields (communications, anthropology, music) and weakest
               | is the most rigorous (mathematics, engineering, medicine,
               | physics)?
        
               | ReflectedImage wrote:
               | This is a conservative problem.
               | 
               | Conservatives are split into 2 groups. Conservatives who
               | are in it for the money and conservatives who are in it
               | because they don't know any better.
               | 
               | College professor is not a well paying job for the level
               | of skill required nor is it a job that someone who isn't
               | very knowledgeable could do. That excludes most
               | conservatives from the position.
        
               | lurk2 wrote:
               | > Conservatives are split into 2 groups. Conservatives
               | who are in it for the money and conservatives who are in
               | it because they don't know any better.
               | 
               | An inane assertion made without evidence.
               | 
               | > nor is it a job that someone who isn't very
               | knowledgeable could do
               | 
               | So why is the bias the worst in the least rigorous
               | fields?
        
               | AnthonyMouse wrote:
               | > Not to mention rank-and-file American conservatives who
               | see universities as bastions of liberal thought/power
               | 
               | To be fair, they kind of are. In the 20th century there
               | were conservative academics at elite universities and
               | they've since largely been excommunicated as heretics.
               | Which has been a mistake, because then the people who
               | would have agreed with them instead reject academia as a
               | whole and latch on to demagogues, which is _so_ much
               | worse.
        
               | watwut wrote:
               | This is not true. Whole conservative departments do well
               | and exist. Moreover, whole ideologically pure christian
               | conservative universities exist. Literally kicking off
               | students for "infractions" that go against evangelical
               | orthodoxy.
               | 
               | Some people got off due to sexual harassment not being as
               | cool as before, history and sociology started to study
               | women and minorities. The problem is that conservatives
               | see that just existing as a threat. If the history is not
               | biased their way, they feel like victims.
        
               | AnthonyMouse wrote:
               | Being segregated into different universities is exactly
               | the thing you need not to happen, and your attitude is
               | the exemplification of the problem. Who is going to feel
               | welcome if their concerns are blindly maligned as
               | prejudiced and in bad faith by default?
        
               | watwut wrote:
               | It is not like liberals would created religious colleges.
               | Religious colleges were created by evangelicals and they
               | have rules that explicitly punish things like "woman
               | having male visitor" or "being gay" or "not being
               | religious". If what you want is ideological purity of
               | evangelical Christianity, then yes, you have to create
               | own institution. Which is exactly what conservatives did.
               | 
               | Because it is extremely valid for other institutions and
               | students to NOT be subject to the above. They were not
               | kicked off other universities and less radical Christians
               | still go there. Issue was that other universities did not
               | punished non conservative thought and behavior enough.
               | These conservatives do not want to share space with other
               | nor to welcome anyone except those who are as
               | conservative as them.
               | 
               | Your argument is typical "up is down and down is up"
               | reversal. Conservatives want to create their own
               | segregated spaces, because places that accept and
               | tolerate non conservatives are just not acceptable to
               | them. Somehow that is framed as problem with those other
               | places not accepting conservatives (meaning not punishing
               | non conservatives enough).
        
               | inemesitaffia wrote:
               | This is nonsense though.
               | 
               | When academics were pushed out of Soviet and Chinese
               | universities they had to leave to other locations or stop
               | being productive.
               | 
               | The fact they can set up their own schools is a plus in
               | the USA.
               | 
               | The disparate impact is clear.
        
               | watwut wrote:
               | > When academics were pushed out of Soviet and Chinese
               | universities they had to leave to other locations or stop
               | being productive.
               | 
               | That is not what happened with Soviet nor Chinese
               | academics. They did not started new ideologically pure
               | universities. Maybe you should read more on history
               | rather then making up an alternative one.
               | 
               | Moreover, these "new" universities are not run by
               | academics.
               | 
               | > The disparate impact is clear.
               | 
               | The only disparate impact is affirmative action for
               | conservatives. In fact, most universities you complain
               | about are run by rich and conservative boards. They make
               | decisions to please rich and conservative donors.
               | 
               | But, they accept gay, women are treated more equally and
               | that is something conservative christians cant stomach.
        
               | AnthonyMouse wrote:
               | > Religious colleges were created by evangelicals and
               | they have rules that explicitly punish things like "woman
               | having male visitor" or "being gay" or "not being
               | religious".
               | 
               | Which is dumb, but we're talking about the major schools
               | everybody knows that used to have ideologically diverse
               | faculty and don't anymore, not the ones of lesser
               | influence founded by Baptists to begin with.
               | 
               | The point of freedom is that other people are allowed to
               | be fools without requiring you to be, not that everybody
               | be required to choose which major brand of zealot they
               | have to be.
               | 
               | > Issue was that other universities did not punished non
               | conservative thought and behavior enough.
               | 
               | The issue is this:
               | 
               | https://www.thefire.org/research-learn/scholars-under-
               | fire-2...
               | 
               | People being punished for expressing ideas.
        
             | doctorpangloss wrote:
             | are you saying that your kids should not go to college?
             | okay, now do you see why your statistic is meaningless,
             | even if it is true? who answers "yes" to the first
             | question? (hardly anyone).
        
               | ggm wrote:
               | A minor nit. "Should not" is on a path from "don't have
               | to" and "can chose not to"
               | 
               | When the fintech boom in the 80s and 90s kicked off,
               | quants aside, many had zero tertiary education. The
               | benefit of a university then became access to social
               | circles, and a bit of spreadsheets. I have friends who
               | worked in this sector, and the associated industries
               | wiring it up and nobody cared about your degree if you
               | weren't dining with merchant bankers.
               | 
               | I think the WH is proving at best education is marginal
               | value to hucksters.
        
               | expedition32 wrote:
               | It's about who you know not what you know is sadly true.
               | 
               | Let's not pretend that 4 years in an average US/European
               | university creates a renaissance Uber man.
        
             | Dylan16807 wrote:
             | What specifically are you calling revisionism? I don't see
             | anything in their post that's tied to these numbers.
             | 
             | They said it's good. They didn't say it matches the best
             | decades of the economy.
        
             | Swenrekcah wrote:
             | The problem is that almost everyone is now expected to get
             | a degree which necessarily devalues the whole thing.
             | 
             | It is now necessary to get a doctorate if you want to
             | really signal academic prowess, but that comes with an
             | incredibly high opportunity and personal cost.
             | 
             | Society really needs to just accept that just over half of
             | the population is never going to maka a good doctor,
             | engineer, physicist, etc. and that is perfectly OK. We
             | readily understand that very few people can become
             | professional athletes and don't think any less of those
             | that can't.
        
             | firesteelrain wrote:
             | The correlation is backwards. America's mid-20th-century
             | dominance was not the result of having only about 10
             | percent college graduates. It came from unique post-World
             | War II advantages: intact industrial capacity, massive
             | federal investment like the GI Bill, NSF, DARPA, and the
             | interstate highway system, and the fact that global
             | competitors were rebuilding from destruction. The GI Bill
             | greatly expanded access to higher education and economists
             | widely credit it with boosting productivity, innovation,
             | and the growth of the middle class. Rising college
             | attainment in the 1990s and 2000s coincides with
             | globalization, offshoring, and wage stagnation, which makes
             | this a correlation problem rather than evidence that more
             | education causes national decline.
        
               | dmix wrote:
               | It was 10% of the US population who went to college
               | before the GI bill, which then doubled to 20% over a
               | decade following the war. Now >50% have post secondary.
               | 70% attempt post-secondary after high school
               | 
               | Before WW2 only about 40% of people completed high
               | school, now it's at 90%
        
               | firesteelrain wrote:
               | Those numbers actually back up the point. The jump in
               | education after WWII happened during the biggest boom
               | years the US ever had. The rise to 40 percent college
               | grads happened much later, during globalization and
               | offshoring. So the slowdown is about the economy
               | changing, not people getting more education. It is just a
               | bad correlation.
        
               | dmix wrote:
               | Right, there was clearly much more capacity for advanced
               | education with the rise of technology (farming
               | advancements, medicine, electronics etc) that started
               | before WW2
               | 
               | There is something to the point about needing a
               | correction in post secondary education and making
               | university again a specialized place rather than the
               | catch all default generalized institutions. Where 70% of
               | the population tries to waits 3-5yrs+ to enter the
               | workforce in exchange for lots of debt. A debt heavily
               | incentivized by cheap gov backed loans, subsidies,
               | credential inflation, and very profitable immigration
               | schemes.
        
               | firesteelrain wrote:
               | Sure, there are real issues with cost, debt, and
               | credential creep, but that does not change the basic
               | point: the expansion of education itself was a net
               | positive for decades. The problems we have now come from
               | financing, policy choices, and a labor market that
               | shifted under globalization. Blaming education levels for
               | broader economic or social trends just mixes up the cause
               | and effect.
        
             | zbzdrol wrote:
             | > A high fraction of college attendance is better
             | correlated with the 21st century decline in America's
             | situation.
             | 
             | You're basically arguing that having more uneducated people
             | is better. If that were the case, why did most of the world
             | bend western and American in the latter 20th century
             | culturally?
             | 
             | The problems now are that we have a super-old man and a
             | bunch of others with super-old ideas at the helm, and as a
             | whole none are both wise and caring. I say this as a
             | middle-aged gen-X'r.
             | 
             | The missing ingredient is that no one fucking cares about
             | anyone other than themselves. It's not a problem that we
             | need to solve by dumbing people down. I'd argue that we're
             | not educated _enough_.
        
               | jimnotgym wrote:
               | > You're basically arguing that having more uneducated
               | people is better.
               | 
               | Are you arguing that having more people educated in a
               | narrow range of topics is necessarily better? In the USA
               | in the 1950s I would suggest there were more people who
               | knew how to make machine tools or even food.
        
               | NickC25 wrote:
               | >You're basically arguing that having more uneducated
               | people is better.
               | 
               |  _" I love the poorly educated"_
               | 
               | ~our current president.
        
             | locknitpicker wrote:
             | > When America was truly at the top of the world in the
             | 1950s and 1960s, it was under 10%. A high fraction of
             | college attendance is better correlated with the 21st
             | century decline in America's situation.
             | 
             | I think this is a textbook example of correlation not
             | implying causality. The US was awarded a unique competitive
             | advantage with WW2, which allowed it to become the world's
             | hegemon. Much of the reason that the US was able to
             | preserve it's status was how it managed to leverage that
             | competitive advantage to fuel it's economical and
             | technological development to build up and retain a
             | competitive advantage. This was only made possible by its
             | investment in higher education and R&D, which is a big
             | factor behind the progress in the 1950s and 1960s you're
             | lauding. Things like the GI bill are renowned by the huge
             | impact it had on the tech industry.
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Rock
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_Kleiner
             | 
             | The US never managed to shake off its anti-intellectual
             | bias, and has this irrational belief that ladder-pulling is
             | somehow conflated with the cream always rising to the top,
             | but if anything it's preventing their domestic talent from
             | fulfilling their potential.
        
               | rayiner wrote:
               | The U.S. was already the richest country in the world per
               | capita by 1880-even at the peak of the British Empire.
               | Most of its military achievements during the war--
               | building up the world's largest Navy and airforce from
               | almost nothing within a couple of years--was a product of
               | the industrial economy that already existed before the
               | war.
               | 
               | America's preference for common wisdom over book learning
               | is a strength, not a weakness. Formal education filters
               | for risk averse, process and credential-oriented people.
               | And you need some of those people, but you don't want
               | your society to be like India where you worship
               | credentials and degrees like religion.
               | 
               | The GI bill isn't a counterpoint. GI's still had to gain
               | admissions at a time when colleges were far more
               | selective than today: https://www.realclearscience.com/bl
               | og/2024/01/23/why_college... (undergraduate IQs fell from
               | 119 in 1939 to just 102 in 2022). So you created a filter
               | that was extremely rigorous. It supported college
               | education for people who were both significantly smarter
               | than average, and also had served in the military--the
               | Marcus Aurelius type.
        
               | timmytokyo wrote:
               | I see very little evidence for this abundance of American
               | "common wisdom". If anything, America has always had a
               | deeply anti-intellectual vein running through it, whether
               | it was the Scopes monkey trial, the Know Nothing Party or
               | what you see in the present political scene. Higher
               | education, especially the affordable kind at public
               | universities, has been a bulwark against the paranoid
               | delusions that often dominate societies that revere
               | superstition and "common sense" over reason, empiricism
               | and humanism.
        
               | lambdaphagy wrote:
               | The Know Nothing Party had nothing to do with anti-
               | intellectualism per se. It was a secret anti-immigration
               | party whose members were required to say they "knew
               | nothing" of the group if asked.
        
               | _DeadFred_ wrote:
               | Huh? Little evidence? Prosperity in America was built by
               | millionaires that drove 20 year old white pickup trucks
               | (because base color was $100 cheaper). They were very
               | "common wisdom". Almost all had to understand and operate
               | within the commodities markets(where reason and
               | empiricism meet head first with humanism and human
               | behavior), head multi million dollar organizations,
               | negotiate multi million dollar deals, and tried to build
               | multi-generational (not next quarter) businesses.
               | 
               | And every one I knew made sure their children went to
               | University and were educated, because they understood
               | it's value. So did every farmer, factory worker, bus
               | driver. Their kids didn't understand the value, they just
               | new they had to go. Just like todays kids don't
               | understand the value. I don't think that's changed, other
               | than parents aren't forcing life choices on their kids.
               | 
               | You are either very young and only exposed to the modern
               | Audi driving millionaires, or had zero interaction with
               | the actual industrial/ag/creative space/inventor America
               | pre 2008/pre MAGA brainworms. But these people used to
               | exist and were building blocks of this country AND local
               | communities (unlike their zero community loyalty
               | replacement leased Audi millionaires).
        
               | enraged_camel wrote:
               | America's post-war strength _was_ built on unusually
               | strong education. After the war, America had far more
               | schooling overall than other countries. It was one of the
               | many factors that made America a powerhouse in the 50s
               | and 60s.
               | 
               | Economic historians Claudia Goldin and Lawrence Katz, who
               | are essentially the gold standard reference here, show
               | that the US became the richest nation precisely because
               | it led the world in mass education (first universal high
               | school, then mass higher ed), not in spite of it.
               | 
               | >> America's preference for common wisdom over book
               | learning is a strength, not a weakness. Formal education
               | filters for risk averse, process and credential-oriented
               | people.
               | 
               | High-education countries don't look like basket cases.
               | Among 25-64 year olds, the countries with the highest
               | tertiary attainment shares are: Canada (64%), Japan
               | (56%), South Korea (53%), USA (50%), and the Nordic
               | countries hovering around similar rates. These are some
               | of the richest, most technologically advanced societies
               | in the world. If "credential worship" made a society
               | brittle and unproductive, you'd expect these places to be
               | obvious failures.
               | 
               | India's problem is not too much college. It's that gross
               | tertiary enrollment ratio is only 33%, below the world
               | average. The development-econ diagnosis of India is
               | actually the _reverse_ of your claim: too many people
               | with too little quality education, especially basic
               | literacy, numeracy and foundational skills, plus a small
               | highly-credentialed elite at the top.
               | 
               | >> The GI bill isn't a counterpoint. GI's still had to
               | gain admissions at a time when colleges were far more
               | selective than today: https://www.realclearscience.com/bl
               | og/2024/01/23/why_college... (undergraduate IQs fell from
               | 119 in 1939 to just 102 in 2022). So you created a filter
               | that was extremely rigorous. It supported college
               | education for people who were both significantly smarter
               | than average, and also had served in the military--the
               | Marcus Aurelius type.
               | 
               | The GI bill massively expanded college. Half of all
               | college students in 1947 were vets. It is widely credited
               | with building the post-war middle class. The IQ meta-
               | analysis you cite explicitly says the drop in average
               | student IQ is a _mechanical result_ of more people going
               | to college, not evidence that universities got worse. The
               | researchers in fact explicitly say this.
        
               | chrisweekly wrote:
               | +1 outstanding rebuttal w/ facts and data-backed
               | insights, thank you for that
        
               | jmspring wrote:
               | Part of the problem with the way India wants to be seen
               | is those that go to IIT, etc., get into white collar jobs
               | that elevate them well above the norm in India want to
               | ignore the rest of the country. Abject poverty.
               | 
               | The US has severe issues as well, but many countries that
               | want to be seen for their techonological advancement want
               | to hide the less successful parts of their communities.
        
               | intended wrote:
               | > be like India where you worship credentials and degrees
               | like religion.
               | 
               | Or China, Japan, Korea...
        
               | Xelbair wrote:
               | >The US was awarded a unique competitive advantage with
               | WW2, which allowed it to become the world's hegemon.
               | 
               | That advantage was: being the only country that wasn't
               | ravaged by war, and that profited for a while by trading
               | with every faction.
               | 
               | Some of countries were also severly kneecapped by US
               | betrayal of promises, made by allies - to restore pre-war
               | borders, and handover of them to USSR - that means less
               | competition.
               | 
               | That also lead to US dollar becoming world's reserve
               | currency, which may have affected the measured drop
               | afterwards.
               | 
               | There are so many factors involved in that that
               | attributing it to just investment in higher education and
               | GI bill is a gross oversimplification, so is previous
               | post's attribution of the drop afterwards.
        
               | locknitpicker wrote:
               | > There are so many factors involved in that that
               | attributing it to just investment in higher education and
               | GI bill is a gross oversimplification, so is previous
               | post's attribution of the drop afterwards.
               | 
               | Your comment sounds like you didn't quite understood the
               | point I made.
               | 
               | The whole point was that US benefited greatly from WW2 to
               | reach the position of world's hegemon. But that happened
               | nearly a century ago, and reaching the position vs
               | maintaining the position are two entirely different sets
               | of challenges.
               | 
               | My point was that WW2 gave the US a running start, but it
               | still required work to preserve that advantage. The US's
               | postwar investment in higher education and R&D was the
               | key competitive advantage that allowed the US to preserve
               | it's dominance until the present day.
               | 
               | To put it another way, WW2 helped attract the world's
               | finest research talent, but the technological and
               | scientific achievements that followed were the result of
               | the investment in domestic talent that followed. You
               | cannot have the likes of silicon valley without the US's
               | postwar investment in higher education and R&D.
        
               | Xelbair wrote:
               | now how much of it was good investment, and how much of
               | it was just plain advantage due to that?
               | 
               | It is hard to separate those two to verify either - that
               | is my point.
        
               | lenkite wrote:
               | > maintaining the position are two entirely different
               | sets of challenges.
               | 
               | I will give full credit to the golden generation of
               | Americans and the generation before that. They built
               | America on true merit and efforts. However, maintaining
               | the position was easy for the boomer and subsequent
               | generations - break the Bretton-Woods agreement and
               | shatter the gold standard _after_ the USD obtained the
               | throne of the world 's reserve currency. This enabled the
               | US to print infinite amounts of money and pile up
               | unlimited debt and use the cash to sponsor any
               | investment, any amount of social-security, buy anything
               | and have the largest defense budget - so they can stomp
               | anyone they want, heavily sponsor "regime change" - and
               | still have relatively low inflation. The rest of the
               | world just needs to grin and bear it.
               | 
               | As a non-American, I am really hoping for de-
               | dollarization and fully independent payment networks
               | completely separated from the West. The Russia-Ukraine
               | war and Trump sanctions has gotten us around 10% of the
               | way there. Only then shall one see the _real_ effect of
               | that $33 trillion debt.
        
             | docfath wrote:
             | > A high fraction of college attendance is better
             | correlated with the 21st century decline in America's
             | situation.
             | 
             | Correlation != causation, but let's go the correlation
             | route and see where it goes...
             | 
             | China had correlation between higher-ed and economic
             | growth, so I think you're just trying to make an argument
             | to support a fascist dictator who doesn't want to be the
             | dumbest person in the room.
             | 
             | The decline in Christianity, rise in apathy, rise of
             | industry in other countries, offensive wars, rise of
             | entertainment culture, etc. are correlated also.
             | 
             | One could also argue that the rise of uneducated
             | conservatives was associated with U.S. decline.
        
             | sharts wrote:
             | Today's college is yesterday's high school though
        
             | spicyusername wrote:
             | Sorry to say that I don't think the post-WWII boom had
             | anything to do with sound economic policies, but rather the
             | chance fact that the United States was the only
             | industrialized nation unravaged by war and capable of
             | capturing a major share of global economic spending because
             | of that.
             | 
             | So... I wouldn't look too nostalgically backwards for
             | policy guidance when we have an entirely different set of
             | geopolitical circumstances.
        
             | rixed wrote:
             | Could it be that "America" and "Americans" are two related
             | but different things, and that what's good for the one may
             | not always be the best for the other?
        
           | epicureanideal wrote:
           | Academic freedom? Where has that existed in the last 20
           | years?
        
           | jswelker wrote:
           | It's an interesting combo, but after working for a decade in
           | higher ed, there is a real division and enmity between the
           | liberal arts and sciences and the "career" programs. The
           | latter is seen as an illegitimate degree mill. The former as
           | a freeloader that does not pull its weight financially. It is
           | an uneasy partnership of convenience.
        
             | sagarm wrote:
             | I had the impression that liberal arts students were highly
             | profitable for universities, because they had no expensive
             | labs.
        
               | jswelker wrote:
               | It depends highly on logistics like class size. Many
               | programs brag about small class sizes, which are great
               | for students but anathema to university bean counters.
               | These programs often try to subsidize the small program
               | specific courses with huge gen ed courses, making the
               | whole student body effectively subsidize these
               | underperforming programs. Real nasty fights occur over
               | which courses to include in the gen ed program because
               | every department wants a piece of that pie to prop up
               | their poor numbers. And this dynamic is definitely much
               | worse in humanities.
               | 
               | Edit: also instructor composition, meaning the proportion
               | of instructors in a program who are senior/tenured vs new
               | vs adjuncts. Class size and instructor salary are nearly
               | the whole equation.
        
             | collinmcnulty wrote:
             | It's absolutely an uneasy partnership. But my goodness the
             | benefits of having rubbed shoulders with people studying
             | forensics, entomology, philosophy, pure math, and
             | agriculture were enormous. If I had gone to a school
             | composed exclusively of engineers and other careerists, how
             | much narrower would my world have been? And bringing in
             | ideas from other areas of study has been so powerful in
             | both my life and my career.
        
           | mc32 wrote:
           | What they crank out today suffers from grade inflation. No
           | longer is 'C' the average grade. Kids and parents who pay
           | over 100k for their diploma all demand above average grades.
           | It's not as bad as presenting a diploma from a Caribbean
           | diploma mill, but they're not what they used to be.
        
             | collinmcnulty wrote:
             | Agreed completely on this. I almost wonder if it'd be more
             | palatable to add a grade above A, like a Japanese style
             | "S".
        
               | drnick1 wrote:
               | That already exists, it's called an A+.
        
               | Mountain_Skies wrote:
               | American high schools are already doing a form of this,
               | with certain classes earning more than a 4.0 score in GPA
               | calculations. 5.0 is quite common now, with 6.0 and even
               | 7.0 scores on individual classes being possible.
        
               | trashface wrote:
               | Many games already have an S-tier in class/stats/builds,
               | whatever the criteria is. Would be funny if higher ed
               | ripped that off. Life mimicking art and all that.
        
           | hc12345 wrote:
           | Most of the world has severed the two. A lot of what you'd
           | consider key parts of the university experience just doesn't
           | exist in most of Europe or the highly developed parts of
           | Asia. In practice, it's attaching job training to a very,
           | very expensive resort, regardless of who is paying for it.
           | It's pretty nice, in the very same sense that spending 4
           | years in a beach resort ls also great, but one needs to be
           | absurdly wealthy to choose this model if an equivalent was
           | available without all the features that most of the world has
           | abandoned. The US system would already have been in trouble
           | years ago if it didn't have a government license for being
           | the safest, more reliable way to immigrate into the US. Get
           | rid of the F1 practical training to work visa pipeline, and
           | see many US institutions in serious economic trouble. We can
           | keep trying to keep it working as-is by pushing other
           | people's money into the expensive vacation environment, but
           | without major subsidies, we are already seeing more people
           | realize that the risks are way too high when you have to get
           | loans to attend. There is no idealism separate from economic
           | incentive in institutions that charge 60K per year, plus
           | often a whole lot more for mandatory on-campus housing,
           | without financial aid.
           | 
           | But as it's normal with failing institutions, they'll be
           | extended, kicking and screaming, until they completely
           | collapse instead of reform, like almost every other country
           | in the world already has.
        
             | jswelker wrote:
             | The F1 issue is absolutely real. Foreign students have been
             | the secret sauce in keeping prices lower for US students
             | for a long time now. Trump 1 and now Trump 2 presidencies
             | have created financial crises at most universities just by
             | making vague anti immigration gestures without even
             | materially changing student visas. Presidents and provosts
             | routinely make desperate oversea sales pitches to try to
             | gin up the pipeline. I know of one major state university
             | whose entire financial existence depends on visas from a
             | few companies in Hyderabad.
        
               | haritha-j wrote:
               | Vague isn't the word I would use to describe Trump's anti
               | immigration gestures.
        
               | jswelker wrote:
               | True, but with respect to the university visa system at
               | least it is pretty vague. The ICE stuff is not targeting
               | Chinese and Indian uni students.
        
               | vasco wrote:
               | > have created financial crises at most universities
               | 
               | Those multi-billion dollar endowments are fine man, don't
               | worry about them, they're not running out.
        
               | immibis wrote:
               | At 4% a billion dollars yields 40 million per year, if
               | you have 1000 staff that's 40k each, barely pays a
               | salary.
        
               | jswelker wrote:
               | I'm not talking about Ivy schools. I mean regional state
               | and private schools that educate the majority of people
               | who attend college. These do not have multi billion
               | dollar endowments unless you are summing them all up.
        
               | qweqweqwe12 wrote:
               | > Trump 1 and now Trump 2 presidencies have created
               | financial crises at most universities
               | 
               | Worst financial crisis at any university was probably
               | caused by himself at his own scam Trump University, long
               | before he become president.
        
             | ajashdkjhasjkd wrote:
             | > Most of the world has severed the two
             | 
             | Yes, and the US system is the envy of the world and is
             | responsible for the overwhelming majority of wealth
             | generated in the US over the past few decades.
             | 
             | I'm not sure how that's an argument against the US Higher
             | Ed system.
             | 
             | Edit: The real issue you seem to be pointing to is the cost
             | of attending universities in the US. There are 2 parts to
             | this. 1 is the costs of running a university, and the other
             | is the cost that is paid by the student.
             | 
             | Most of the rest of the world subsidizes student tuition so
             | students dont pay much out of pocket. The US, OTOH, has
             | been consistently reducing govt support for student
             | tuition. Even worse, it's been pushing students into taking
             | loans that unlike most other loans cannot be discharged
             | during bankruptcy. And even though students aren't required
             | to start paying back those loans until they graduate, they
             | do start collecting interest from day 1, which means a
             | student has picked up a significant burden simply from the
             | interest on the loans they received to pay for their
             | freshman tuition, when they graduate.
             | 
             | These are all issues with the US system of financing
             | education as opposed to the actual liberal arts education
             | system.
        
               | jswelker wrote:
               | Envy of the world due to network effects and inertia, not
               | due to any inherent superiority of our model. There are
               | some good parts of our model, don't get me wrong, but
               | they do not explain the status of the US system at all.
        
               | zeroonetwothree wrote:
               | I don't see how you can be so confident in that. It's not
               | at all straightforward to tease apart all the factors.
        
               | rayiner wrote:
               | > Yes, and the US system is the envy of the world and is
               | responsible for the overwhelming majority of wealth
               | generated in the US over the past few decades
               | 
               | The benefits of the U.S. university system aren't
               | generated by average people taking a debt-financed 4 year
               | vacation. They are generated by the same subset of people
               | who would still be attending university even in a scaled
               | down system that sent far fewer people to college.
        
               | vasco wrote:
               | In your view the benefits of university are that rich
               | people go there? Did I somehow completely misunderstand?
        
               | K0balt wrote:
               | It's unpopular to say, but a disproportionate amount of
               | value is of course derived from people who are both
               | educated and have immediate access to resources to fully
               | exploit that education as well as the risk tolerance to
               | innovate in the process, and the social status to build
               | strong trust and social bonds with other similarly
               | prepared people...so although it pains me to say it, yes?
               | 
               | It is certainly plausible that the most benefit to
               | society comes from people that are both educated and
               | empowered.
               | 
               | Whether the cost of that empowerment > the burden
               | outsourced to society, well, that is another discussion.
               | 
               | Perhaps more on point, because I definitely think we can
               | find examples of this in practice, it's perhaps more
               | truthy and also more actionable to say that college
               | provides its optimal outcomes when it serves people who
               | have intrinsic gifts that are empowered by knowledge.
               | Sometimes these gifts are resources, but often these
               | gifts are cognitive brilliance. Either one is like
               | oxidiser for the fuel of knowledge, but especially
               | brilliance when given resources.
               | 
               | I'm pretty sure that for the majority of college
               | graduates, aside from its social signalling value, the
               | amount of their secondary education that directly
               | benefits them in their life could fit in a couple of
               | years of summer school or a year of community college.
               | 
               | A quarter million dollars in debt is a tragic price to
               | pay for a couple thousand dollars of educational utility.
               | A system that requires a social signal 100x more costly
               | than the value it represents is externalising that cost
               | onto everyone, and the only benefits flow to financiers
               | and the moneyed class.
               | 
               | Aside from educational titles (as opposed to
               | capabilities) society is generally sensible regarding the
               | cost of symbols vs the reality they facade.
               | 
               | We recognise the ridiculousness of people owing $90,000
               | for a truck when they live in a dilapidated trailer on a
               | rented lot. We understand that a man who lives hand to
               | mouth but wears a half of kilogram of gold around his
               | neck is probably not making the best life decisions. We
               | ridicule the faux-intellectual with their ridiculously
               | stilted props. But somehow, we are convinced to dress up
               | our children like heirs to the crown and send them to
               | finishing school for their jobs in retail. It's a
               | profound mis-investment.
               | 
               | It's also worth noting that it is way more expensive to
               | provide an education to the intellectual proles than it
               | is to educate brilliant and hungry minds. We are
               | shovelling money (distilled human effort) into a furnace
               | of misery in the service of vanity.
        
               | rayiner wrote:
               | > We recognise the ridiculousness of people owing $90,000
               | for a truck when they live in a dilapidated trailer on a
               | rented lot. We understand that a man who lives hand to
               | mouth but wears a half of kilogram of gold around his
               | neck is probably not making the best life decisions. We
               | ridicule the faux-intellectual with their ridiculously
               | stilted props. But somehow, we are convinced to dress up
               | our children like heirs to the crown and send them to
               | finishing school for their jobs in retail. It's a
               | profound mis-investment. It's also worth noting that it
               | is way more expensive to provide an education to the
               | intellectual proles than it is to educate brilliant and
               | hungry minds. We are shovelling money (distilled human
               | effort) into a furnace of misery in the service of
               | vanity.
               | 
               | This is a fantastic analysis.
        
               | rayiner wrote:
               | No, the benefits of university are from smart people who
               | can earn enough during summers to pay reasonable tuition
               | if schools weren't set up as four-year vacations with
               | lavish amenities. When I went to Georgia Tech, in-state
               | tuition was about $2,400 per semester, or about $20,000
               | over four years (in 2024 dollars). It was a spartan,
               | 1970's experience--like European universities often are
               | today--but it was quite affordable for students who could
               | earn that much at summer internships. And it's not just
               | for engineers. My wife put herself through the University
               | of Iowa, studying business and german literature, in 5
               | semesters by nannying.
        
               | secabeen wrote:
               | And do you know who is responsible for the increase in
               | tuition at Georgia Tech? The legislature and governor of
               | the state of Georgia. State appropriations for higher ed
               | and the tuition rates at Georgia Tech are set exclusively
               | by the state government and its appointees on the Board
               | of Regents for the State University System, not by
               | university administrators in any way.
               | 
               | https://www.usg.edu/regents/
        
               | nothrabannosir wrote:
               | > Yes, and the US system is the envy of the world
               | 
               | Where in the world have you polled?? because this is
               | categorically opposite to my experience discussing the US
               | college system
        
               | zeroonetwothree wrote:
               | I dunno, google any university ranking and you will find
               | the top ten has many from the US?
        
               | FranzFerdiNaN wrote:
               | University rankings have pretty much nothing to do with
               | how well they teach students, only their research output.
               | And good researchers aren't automatically good teachers (
               | and vice versa).
        
               | globalnode wrote:
               | google, lol, marketing doesnt make a university good.
        
               | nothrabannosir wrote:
               | I don't know any such rankings which measure envy, I'm
               | afraid. It's all based on numbers of papers published,
               | etc.
               | 
               | Do you think people in other countries envy the us
               | college system based on rankings? If so I strongly
               | recommend a trip abroad and striking up a few
               | conversations with prospective or enrolled students. In
               | my experience the topic of cost and non dischargeable
               | student loans comes up often. Rankings very rarely.
        
               | vee-kay wrote:
               | The education system to be envied by the rest of the
               | world is Norway's model.
        
               | 59nadir wrote:
               | > Yes, and the US system is the envy of the world and is
               | responsible for the overwhelming majority of wealth
               | generated in the US over the past few decades.
               | 
               | Can you elaborate on this a bit? It's very easy to read
               | uncharitably without further elaboration and reads pretty
               | delusional as is.
        
               | hackinthebochs wrote:
               | >Most of the rest of the world subsidizes student tuition
               | so students dont pay much out of pocket.
               | 
               | And they also severely restrict who can attend
               | university. Of course this is a non-starter in the
               | current US political environment.
        
               | expedition32 wrote:
               | In my country the only restriction for university is that
               | you have a highschool diploma.
               | 
               | Getting into the medical faculty is harder because the
               | government does pay for everything and training doctors
               | is expensive- for those the university picks the best and
               | brightest.
               | 
               | The government also has programs in place to send out
               | students to Harvard and MIT as the future elite of the
               | nation.
        
               | terminalshort wrote:
               | > Yes, and the US system is the envy of the world and is
               | responsible for the overwhelming majority of wealth
               | generated in the US over the past few decades
               | 
               | Citation needed on both counts
        
               | Ekaros wrote:
               | From European perspective US system is a joke. All built
               | on even bigger joke of high school. Which fails to teach
               | students what they need in general education. And thus
               | you get some weird "general" education irrelevancy being
               | part of degree. Not to even mention how Master's level is
               | not the standard most aim towards.
        
               | amanaplanacanal wrote:
               | The US made a big shift from public financing via grants
               | to public financing via loans. During the same period
               | there was a ton of information/propaganda disseminated
               | about how much more lifetime income college grads made vs
               | high school grads. The companies making these loans are
               | doing very well.
               | 
               | If I believed in conspiracy theories I might think this
               | was all planned.
        
           | wavemode wrote:
           | It's not sustainable to sell a product that most people only
           | buy because they were trying to buy something else (or
           | because they're forced to for societal reasons).
           | 
           | That sort of approach is exactly why "Americans no longer see
           | four-year college degrees as worth the cost" (as the title
           | states)! People are wising up to the truth, and now it's
           | harming the credibility of the system as a whole.
        
             | SpicyLemonZest wrote:
             | Everything's a societal reason from some angle. We've
             | probably tilted a bit too hard towards college as a
             | universal path, but I think the median college-degree-
             | required job would still tell you that they're trying to
             | find people who value education and learning for its own
             | sake. The best doctors, lawyers, engineers, etc. are the
             | intellectually curious ones who don't see education as a
             | burden.
        
               | trimethylpurine wrote:
               | Then sell it to doctors, lawyers, and engineers. Those
               | fields aren't really the issue.
        
               | conductr wrote:
               | You went from "median" job/employer to "best" employee in
               | high value/pay/education roles. These best employee's
               | don't want to work in the "median college-degree-required
               | job", they likely have done some significant post-grad
               | studies and have also likely been saddled with more debt
               | thus requiring their high paying career outcome just to
               | avoid collapse of their personal finances.
               | 
               | I think the median 4 year college graduate going after
               | the "median college-degree-required job", did not care
               | much about their studies at all. They slogged through it
               | hung over from the night before. College was a social
               | experience and gave them a sports team to root for on
               | Saturday. It let them extend their childhood and eschew
               | responsibilities for a few more years.
               | 
               | We have this weird cultural thing in the US where we put
               | super high expectations on education systems but we
               | actually don't value education. We value the social clout
               | and whatnot. Public schools are a prime example, parents
               | are the problem. Make your kids do homework! Take away
               | the video games/phone/tablet/wifi/whatever. It translates
               | to college as, do just what is necessary to get a degree.
               | Often the bare minimum, etc. Cheating runs rampant and so
               | on. It manifests itself in so many ways. Just a core part
               | of youth right now is much more interested in being an
               | influencer, popular, a good athlete, no sorry good
               | athletes are a dime a dozen - you need to be an elite
               | athlete, etc. Being a bookworm or just studious simply
               | isn't seen as cool, it has no social reward, quite the
               | opposite in fact.
               | 
               | This might not apply to many students at ivy and top
               | schools, but I'd argue it's certainly the median for the
               | nation's college students the past few decades maybe
               | longer. I think colleges allow it to happen. They don't
               | grade as harshly as they used to, they have dumbed down
               | the courses, etc. I wouldn't be surprised if the "median
               | undergrad" education was more on par with the "median
               | high school" education from a few decades ago.
        
               | nebula8804 wrote:
               | I think the rigid nature of other systems leads to more
               | promising people being eliminated early on. America was
               | always more fluid: the country of Homer Simpson: A guy
               | that got second chance after second chance and with his
               | own way of doing things(which others like Frank Grimes
               | find absurd), managed to make something of himself.
               | 
               | Applying this logic to college, schools used to be more
               | strict yes but there was always leeway for students to
               | chart their own path to success, it never really felt
               | like Asia or Europe's systems where they place you in a
               | bucket early on and thats it you are in there for life.
               | 
               | I graduated with an Engineering degree in the early 2010s
               | and let me tell you, I really did do the bare minimum in
               | a bunch of classes. It led me to tinker with junk
               | computers that the school discarded which led me to
               | dedicated school space in a lab to experiment which led
               | to my first job and general success. Looking back not
               | studying harder led to more trouble later on but the path
               | still worked out because I jumped at some opportunities
               | due to that path. If I were in asia, I would have
               | probably not even be admitted or permanently weeded out
               | after my first academic probation warning instead of
               | being a decently successful software developer.
               | 
               | > Just a core part of youth right now is much more
               | interested in being an influencer, popular, a good
               | athlete, no sorry good athletes are a dime a dozen
               | 
               | Before that people dreamed of becoming a hollywood actor.
               | It was the number one desired career for years. The bar
               | is much lower for trying your luck at being a successful
               | influencer than becoming an actor. The end result will be
               | the same, many will try and flame out and then go do
               | something else.
               | 
               | >Being a bookworm or just studious simply isn't seen as
               | cool, it has no social reward, quite the opposite in
               | fact.
               | 
               | You sound like you are thinking of the 1990s as your
               | context. These days after movies the The Social Network,
               | one of the most desired careers is in software
               | development. This goal requires people to expend much
               | more effort than prior generations pursuing other desired
               | careers and many more kids are doing it! Techies are the
               | boss now.
        
               | conductr wrote:
               | I definitely like the flexibility our system provides. I
               | changed majors a couple times before I found what I could
               | tolerate (can't say it's a passion). I do not think the
               | kids today are as comparable to the kids of yester*. I
               | think in past, people desired those things in a day
               | dreamy way, but knew it wasn't realistic. They also knew
               | they'd get disciplined for poor grades; perhaps even
               | harshly. We just culturally have really relaxed on being
               | stern parents and I feel we have transitioned to wanting
               | to be friends with our kids. That's a great thing too but
               | it needs a balance IMO, there are advantages to being
               | stern. But we're a nation of lazy parents who have high
               | expectations of teachers, but don't pay them, and won't
               | even help them out at home by being a parent and taking
               | responsibility for our kids. (My rant on this topic is
               | too verbose for HN but I firmly believe it's lazy
               | parenting at the core of how we view education systems
               | performance/lack of)
               | 
               | > Techies are the boss now
               | 
               | I think it's more accurate to say that more socially
               | adept people have infiltrated the tech scene due to the
               | loot. Sure tech no longer equates to nerd like it did
               | back then, and bullying is managed differently now, but
               | let's not pretend that the same type of kids that were
               | into tech back then are ruling the world today. The
               | normalization of tech has opened it up to average joe's
               | that wouldn't have touched it back then due to the social
               | stigma it had. This is why I chose the words "bookworm"
               | and "studious" because those things do not necessarily
               | mean tech. But kids that value their studies over their
               | social lives, or just like to have conversations about
               | something more intellectual than video games and the
               | trending tiktoks, are still likely outside the fold
               | whatever the contemporary take on that is. Social norms,
               | bullying, cliques have all changed but being a teenager
               | in a group setting isn't yet a democratic affair.
        
               | seec wrote:
               | > I think it's more accurate to say that more socially
               | adept people have infiltrated the tech scene due to the
               | loot.
               | 
               | Yep, it's all about status, money and power chasing.
               | Nothing taught me this more than getting an iPhone before
               | everyone else in France (wasn't yet available, imported).
               | Before that I had weird phones and proto-smartphone that
               | costed as much but nobody cared. But the iPhone was cool
               | and desirable and automagically I became more desirable.
               | Before that nobody gave a shit about my technology
               | interest and it wasn't for the lack of trying to discuss
               | it at large.
        
               | nebula8804 wrote:
               | >I think it's more accurate to say that more socially
               | adept people have infiltrated the tech scene due to the
               | loot. Sure tech no longer equates to nerd like it did
               | back then, and bullying is managed differently now, but
               | let's not pretend that the same type of kids that were
               | into tech back then are ruling the world today.
               | 
               | Ok you do make a good point about people coming into tech
               | for the money. It was quite a recent phenomenon. About 15
               | years ago I was finishing at my engineering focused
               | university and my CS department was considered loser
               | ville. Only the deeply passionate people wanted to enroll
               | in that program. Everyone else went into Engineering or
               | the sciences. Fast forward a few years later, and they
               | are the largest department in the university. We are at
               | the tail end of a massive bubble and its possible that if
               | AI sticks around or the tech industry cannot support
               | these valuations, its likely that high salary gigs will
               | become scarce. I guess we will then see if this field
               | grew because most people genuinely wanted to be here vs
               | people just looking for dollar signs.
               | 
               | >This is why I chose the words "bookworm" and "studious"
               | because those things do not necessarily mean tech.
               | 
               | Yeah I'd imagine those kids would have gone into
               | Engineering or similar fields instead. They really arent
               | the people I was talking about. I considered the social
               | structure growing up to be the "jocks" at one end of the
               | social spectrum and the "techies" at the other end with a
               | massive amount of regular people in the middle.
               | 
               | If you take these middle people and just filter for B
               | average grades or higher, these middle people wouldn't
               | necessarily consider tech because it just wasn't really a
               | 24 hour lifestyle thing for highschool kids in the 2000s.
               | Yeah we had computers and video games but for most
               | people, computers were that beige box in the den you'd
               | play with once in a while, not a career. I recall in high
               | school (mid 2000s) coding was offered and they couldn't
               | even fill the entire class. The only course computer
               | related that had any relevance was graphic design. The
               | industry really expanded post iPhone when computing
               | became a 24/7 lifestyle. In my opinion thats when the
               | normies started considering computing as a career because
               | it now impacted them directly.
        
               | SpicyLemonZest wrote:
               | > But kids that value their studies over their social
               | lives, or just like to have conversations about something
               | more intellectual than video games and the trending
               | tiktoks, are still likely outside the fold whatever the
               | contemporary take on that is.
               | 
               | Always hard to know what's universal, but I think the
               | inclusion of video games on this list represents a
               | genuine shift. When I was growing up only the other
               | studious kids would talk with me about video games. We
               | understood it to be an intellectual hobby because we were
               | analyzing how to achieve things instead of just passively
               | consuming.
        
             | fwipsy wrote:
             | Colleges used to be much more affordable even though they
             | covered liberal arts and engineering together.
             | 
             | Are all colleges unaffordable? Do all colleges require
             | engineering students to take liberal arts? Maybe this isn't
             | universal, maybe it's just that prestigious colleges all
             | have strong liberal arts programs, either out of tradition
             | or because it's required for being seen as prestigious.
             | 
             | Liberal arts courses arguably are still helpful for
             | building general language and reasoning skills.
             | 
             | On the whole though, it does seem strange that I paid the
             | same for a graduate level stats course and a freshman
             | history course, even though the former taught me about five
             | times as much.
        
               | vkou wrote:
               | > Do all colleges require engineering students to take
               | liberal arts?
               | 
               | 15 credit hours of liberal arts education isn't why
               | college in the US is so expensive, and if one pays
               | attention, they might even learn something from it.
               | 
               | If nothing else, you'll learn how to read and write.
        
               | torginus wrote:
               | Liberal arts is a huge grab bag of courses with varying
               | rigor, quality, appeal and difficulty.
               | 
               | One of the best courses I had in college was a
               | metalworking course during which I learned to weld.
               | 
               | But like many (engineering) students, for most of the
               | liberal arts credit, I went with stuff where I could get
               | the best possible grade with the least possible work.
        
               | collinmcnulty wrote:
               | I did too, but still managed to gain a lifelong
               | appreciation for live theatre.
        
             | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
             | > It's not sustainable to sell a product that most people
             | only buy because they were trying to buy something else (or
             | because they're forced to for societal reasons).
             | 
             | Like a car in the United States, outside of perhaps five
             | metro areas?
        
               | DaSHacka wrote:
               | What do you suggest people were trying to buy, instead of
               | cars?
        
               | rjsw wrote:
               | The post is saying that you are forced to buy a car
               | everywhere except five metro areas.
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | In addition to the point made by rjsw in this subthread
               | .... food.
        
               | wavemode wrote:
               | That's not for societal reasons, that's for practical
               | reasons. People want to be able to get around.
               | 
               | By contrast, many people don't want to be forced to take
               | classes unrelated to their desired area of study.
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | It is for societal reasons, in that some societies devote
               | significant resources to ensure that people can "get
               | around" without private vehicles, and others do not. It
               | is also for societal reasons in that the distribution of,
               | for example, grocery stores, dictates that people doing
               | desired/necessary work in rural areas generally need to
               | travel significant distances in order to obtain food.
        
           | nebula8804 wrote:
           | This comment would make more sense if more than ~38% of the
           | country had a college degree. Can you really make the
           | argument that college is truly a middle class concept if not
           | even half of the populations has a bachelor's degree? I guess
           | if you include community college which has really helped to
           | serve the downtrodden get on their dream paths then I guess
           | it makes more sense?
        
             | seanmcdirmid wrote:
             | Middle class doesn't necessarily mean average or median
             | class, but rather some life style bar where you aren't
             | struggling even if you can't afford many luxuries. In
             | India, for example, the middle class is small (definitely
             | not average!) but growing.
             | 
             | Having a college education could totally be an indicator
             | for middle class even if most people didn't have one.
        
             | tovej wrote:
             | The middle class is something in between the capitalist
             | class and the working class, it's badly defined.
             | 
             | If you're in the capital class, you're getting your income
             | from the assets you own. If you're in the working class,
             | you're getting your income from working.
             | 
             | I've heard multiple definitions for a middle class, eiher
             | one that owns some capital in the form of rental apartments
             | or stocks, or that the middle class has a decenr amount of
             | discretionary income.
             | 
             | Personally I don't think the middle class is that useful of
             | a term to make sense of the economy. I also have a feeling
             | that people like the term middle class because it muddies
             | the waters when it comes to understanding the relationship
             | between capital and labor.
        
               | wcfrobert wrote:
               | There's that Jerry Yang quote:
               | 
               | Middle class is a state of mind
        
           | qcnguy wrote:
           | That's a very ideological take, especially this part:
           | 
           |  _> It's peanut butter and chocolate that has served
           | democracy and its people well_
           | 
           | Most people are now saying in polls it didn't serve them
           | well! You're disagreeing with the majority of people's lived
           | experiences. And of those who say it was worth it, a lot will
           | be people in denial. Nobody wants to rack up huge debts and
           | then admit it was a mistake. If you were to somehow measure
           | how many people it has actually served poorly, instead of
           | whether people admit it served them poorly, the numbers would
           | be worse.
           | 
           | And serving democracy? No way! The Biden presidency stressed
           | democracy by illegally attempting to bail liberal arts majors
           | out of their debts, an extreme violation of the social
           | contract. And arguing this stuff served people well when
           | they're telling you right out that it didn't, is the kind of
           | anti-democratic attitude that liberal arts colleges incubate
           | in their student body. It's a big reason they're now openly
           | loathed by so many people.
           | 
           | A good example of the problem is when you claim the academy
           | has "some kind of intellectual idealism separate from
           | economic incentive". There is no "separate from economic
           | incentive". Anywhere, ever. For an adult to have such a
           | belief is like still believing Santa Claus is real. It's
           | economic incentives that have led to these professors
           | creating a flood of non-replicable research using
           | unscientific methods. Publish more papers = get promoted,
           | even if the claims are false. So they publish lots of false
           | papers. Incentives = outcomes, always.
           | 
           | Professors brainwashing people at vulnerable stages of their
           | lives into believing false things about human nature is the
           | number one reason why politics is so polarized, why democracy
           | is so stressed all the time and it's so difficult to get
           | anything done. It can easily take decades for people to learn
           | that it isn't true and sometimes they never learn at all
           | (like, because they went into academia themselves).
        
             | collinmcnulty wrote:
             | Friend, go to a community theatre production and you will
             | find people engaged in something for which there is no
             | economic incentive. Or learning a new language after
             | retirement. Or playing church softball. There's more to
             | life than money, and there's good in the world dollars
             | can't capture.
        
               | qcnguy wrote:
               | We're talking about academia, not hobbies. Academics
               | expect to get paid in both money and social status.
               | 
               | As do churches and community theaters, by the way. They
               | tend to expect donations. If nobody ever donated money
               | they'd shut down.
        
           | nicoburns wrote:
           | > I think it misses what incredible alchemy comes from making
           | people who come in for "job training" (like I did) spend 4
           | years in close proximity with research, academic freedom,
           | liberal arts, and at least an attempt at some kind of
           | intellectual idealism separate from economic incentive.
           | 
           | For me it was the opposite. I came into college full of
           | academic curiosity, and left completely burnt out by a system
           | that cares about grades and proving knowledge much more than
           | the pursuit of knowledge.
        
             | CharlieDigital wrote:
             | If you can't prove knowledge gained, would that not
             | indicate that the pursuit was fruitless?
             | 
             | Regardless of your endpoint in that pursuit, you should
             | have gained intermediate foundational knowledge along the
             | way, even if you haven't arrived at your endpoint.
             | 
             | If you cannot show mastery of that intermediate knowledge,
             | then any kind of journey for knowledge would have failed.
        
               | nicoburns wrote:
               | "if you can't prove something, then it isn't true" is an
               | obvious logical fallacy.
        
               | redwall_hp wrote:
               | Extraordinary claims requiring extraordinary evidence,
               | however, is not. It's the foundation of the scientific
               | method.
               | 
               | There's an obvious lack of logical rigor to jump from
               | someone pointing that out to framing it as proving an
               | untruth.
               | 
               | A is true if evidence B supports it [?] A is only true if
               | evidence B supports it.
               | 
               | But you can only _claim_ A is true if B. Otherwise you
               | 're just blowing smoke around an unknown.
        
           | taylodl wrote:
           | The real issue is we've largely abandoned the public
           | university from a funding standpoint. Now the costs of a
           | public institution is beyond the ability for many Americans
           | to pay. The unstable job market has led many to believe the
           | risks outweigh the rewards.
        
           | RRRA wrote:
           | It's insane to me having to contemplate how much more of a
           | simple cog in the machine I would be mentally,
           | intellectually, etc. had I not been exposed to sciences for
           | the sake of knowledge and had only been trained on the job
           | and some day tossed out as not useful anymore...
           | 
           | That would be the definition of alienation for me.
        
         | jltsiren wrote:
         | The job training you get at 20 is often obsolete when you're
         | 40. For example, many women of my parents' generation trained
         | for jobs in the textile industry. But eventually the jobs
         | disappeared, as Finland got too wealthy. A bit more abstract
         | education would have made it easier for them to find a new
         | career.
         | 
         | But not too abstract. From my point of view, the weird parts of
         | the American educational system are the high school and the
         | college. Everyone is supposed to choose the academic track. I'm
         | more used to systems with separate academic and vocational
         | tracks in both secondary and tertiary education.
        
           | doctorpangloss wrote:
           | economies and national policies are complex. only the most
           | straightforward things, like ending patriarchy, wars and
           | modifying interest rates, have firm evidence of causing this
           | or that thing on a national scale. nobody knows if so and so
           | nuanced educational policy really matters in an
           | intellectually honest way.
        
           | nradov wrote:
           | There are certain advantages to having separate academic and
           | vocational tracks, but that tends to lock out late bloomers.
           | Quite a few of prominent US scientists and business leaders
           | didn't have good grades going into secondary school.
        
           | bko wrote:
           | Job training is a lot more than learning how to use
           | equipment. It's about showing up on time, dealing with
           | coworkers and being a productive member of a team. That's
           | best learned on the job and is a big reason people don't like
           | new grads. Its like going out on a date with someone that has
           | never had a girlfriend. Let someone else break them in and
           | screen them.
           | 
           | Higher ed unfortunately almost desocializes a lot of people.
           | They live in a bubble and become insufferable obsessed with
           | politics and social issues that are disruptive and
           | inappropriate in the workplace
        
         | ajashdkjhasjkd wrote:
         | > People want job training, and it got shoehorned into extra
         | departments at liberal arts universities intended as aristocrat
         | finishing schools
         | 
         | I really wish the computer science degrees and even online
         | courses spent like 30 mins on the history of computer science.
         | 
         | The entire existence of this field has been dependent on those
         | non job-training liberal arts degrees.
        
           | metamet wrote:
           | > I really wish the computer science degrees and even online
           | courses spent like 30 mins on the history of computer
           | science.
           | 
           | Completely agree here. This would fall under the umbrella of
           | liberal arts, which a lot of CS-only folks seem to find
           | little to no value in.
           | 
           | Most concepts in computer science--especially when it comes
           | to programming--are fairly easy to learn if you're good at
           | learning. Reading something and understanding it to the point
           | that you can write a proper college level essay about it
           | trains that muscle, which is a different skill than rote
           | memorization.
        
           | nebula8804 wrote:
           | Schools typically have no space to squeeze it in. Here is a
           | typical pathway for a CS student:
           | https://catalog.njit.edu/undergraduate/computing-
           | sciences/co...
           | 
           | A 4 year cs degree dumps you into heavy math, physics, and
           | intro CS + Data structures in your first year to weed people
           | out who cant cut it.
           | 
           | Second year teaches fundamentals of CS (discrete math,
           | concept of languages, understanding algorithms at least at a
           | basic level).
           | 
           | Third year is filled with more practical fundamentals (OS,
           | DB, computer architecture + field specific courses the
           | student wants).
           | 
           | Finally the fourth year pieces everything together with more
           | advanced versions of prior topics (algorithms for example) +
           | repeated practical applications of all the concepts from
           | years 1-3 to hopefully put the student on at least an 'ok'
           | footing post graduation.
           | 
           | I guess you can try to make the first lecture or two in CS101
           | about the history but most students don't even know if they
           | want to pursue this journey. Would talking about Alan
           | Turing's history really be appropriate in that class? I don't
           | know really.
        
             | dmurray wrote:
             | > Schools typically have no space to squeeze it in. Here is
             | a typical pathway for a CS student:
             | https://catalog.njit.edu/undergraduate/computing-
             | sciences/co...
             | 
             | That course has 28 credits in first year, 3 of which are
             | spent on computer science (arguably 3 more on "Roadmap to
             | Computing"). Second year has a little more. Third and
             | fourth year are heavy on CS/SE topics, but still have some
             | time allocated to others.
             | 
             | I don't _disagree_ with students learning Calculus and
             | Statistics and even Physics as part of a CS course, and I
             | think it 's excellent that they take at least two courses
             | in English composition. But you can't look at that four-
             | year curriculum and say nothing could possibly be cut
             | (turned into an elective) in favour of a History of
             | Computers module.
        
               | nebula8804 wrote:
               | I could concede that the "History or Humanities" elective
               | in the 4th year could include an option for history of
               | computing but I think the rationality of including that
               | course in the first place is partly due to politics and
               | accreditation requirements.
               | 
               | Its also possible that the department wanted to round out
               | the students education by providing something not related
               | to STEM each semester.
               | 
               | Note: these reasons I listed are just a guess based on my
               | experience with the university.
               | 
               | I still find it difficult to justify the placement of
               | this course as a hard requirement because of how the rest
               | of the STEM courses are structured. YWCC 307 is a very
               | fluid course so maybe it can be squeezed in there? Anyway
               | my point is that it is tough and I still feel that way.
        
           | trinix912 wrote:
           | > I really wish the computer science degrees and even online
           | courses spent like 30 mins on the history of computer
           | science.
           | 
           | The uni I went to did, in multiple classes, to the point
           | where you could almost predict the "war story" you were about
           | to be told :D
        
           | qcnguy wrote:
           | How has the existence of the computing industry depended on
           | baristas with Women's Studies degrees?
           | 
           | Because the history I know has it being 99% created by men
           | with engineering skills doing paid work for large
           | corporations.
        
             | rKarpinski wrote:
             | Steve Jobs taking Calligraphy [1] comes to mind
             | 
             | [1] https://youtu.be/UF8uR6Z6KLc?si=339qOh2AlIr5QC2f&t=204
        
             | tovej wrote:
             | Men and women. Women were heavily involved in the
             | engineering work at the beginning of the industry. The
             | industry only became male dominated in the late 20th
             | century:
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender_disparity_in_computing
        
               | qcnguy wrote:
               | They weren't heavily involved and to claim otherwise is
               | historical revisionism.
        
           | jvvw wrote:
           | Perhaps the people teaching thec purses don't feel qualified
           | to talk about the history?
           | 
           | I taught university-level computer science and I'm not a
           | historian by any stretch of the imagination. I know something
           | about the history and might mention things in passing but I
           | don't think I could legitimately teach it to other people!
        
         | dexwiz wrote:
         | Plenty of colleges and universities started as job training.
         | The Morrill land grant colleges were founded to study
         | mechanical and agricultural arts, and that was over 150 years
         | ago. Many of those are now the top state schools in the USA.
        
         | seec wrote:
         | At least the good part about the US situation is that people
         | are still free to choose for themselves. The cost isn't
         | redirected to the whole population at large via taxation. In
         | the EU it's much worse, because the same reality is
         | materialising, but it is still advertised as "free". Of course,
         | this is the path to a form of soft communism and all systems
         | are becoming dysfunctional and unable to create real value at
         | the same time. The "solution" has been to create ever more
         | taxation and even more debt that is to be paid by the next
         | generation.
         | 
         | It seems that the US will course correct but the EU seems to be
         | declining into authoritarianism and proto-communism.
        
           | tovej wrote:
           | The EU is aggressively neoliberal or liberal-conservative,
           | and that is the reason universities have begun to be more
           | expensive. It's related to austerity, privatization, the
           | aggressive revision of tax codes, and New Public Management.
           | 
           | The left has not been popular in the EU since the 70s, which
           | is why this development has gotten increasingly aggresive in
           | the last few decades. You cannot seriously suggest that the
           | EU has moved left in any meaningful way. The EU commission is
           | currently trying to implement that every new regulation can
           | only pass once an old regulation can be removed. It's a
           | neoliberal dream, where the amount of regulation can only go
           | down, and public funds are allocated to private companies
           | more and more.
           | 
           | This is especially true for universities, where public
           | funding programs for research has begun to be funneled to
           | startups instead of research groups.
        
             | qcnguy wrote:
             | _> where public funding programs for research has begun to
             | be funneled to startups instead of research groups._
             | 
             | It is darkly amusing that in one post you claim "the left
             | has not been popular since the 70s" whilst admitting that
             | the EU is centrally planning new companies. That's very
             | much the sort of thing the left did in the 1970s.
             | 
             |  _> You cannot seriously suggest that the EU has moved left
             | in any meaningful way ... the EU commission is currently
             | trying to implement that every new regulation can only pass
             | once an old regulation can be removed._
             | 
             | And who believes they'll really do it? They only got to
             | that point after ignoring decades of warnings from the
             | right that their left wing approach would crush their own
             | economic power, which it did.
             | 
             | It's a common enough claim that "the left" refers to
             | exactly the same set of ideas that it did in 1930, and
             | therefore that no modern entity is left wing. But this is
             | spurious. There are still left wing people and groups, that
             | claim to be so and nobody disagrees with them.
             | 
             | All that happened is that as left wing economics became
             | discredited over the course of the 20th century the left
             | became better at obfuscating what they were doing. After
             | the working classes disappointed by not rising up in
             | revolution, the concept of equality shifted to be about
             | gender and race instead. The EU doesn't want to openly
             | nationalize industries, but is _really keen_ on feminism,
             | regulation and mass third world migration.
             | 
             | And economically, the left didn't need to obfuscate much.
             | The gap between heavy regulation and nationalization is
             | small. CEOs get to pretend that they're still in charge,
             | but with no strong commitment to private property rights
             | they're ultimately just transient administrators and
             | there's not much reason to sign up for the stresses of
             | being one. So - no startups.
        
               | tovej wrote:
               | Centrally planning? My guy, the EU is not founding
               | companies, it is giving existing companies subsidies. The
               | profits of those companies will not be public, they are
               | private.
               | 
               | Nationalization and regularization are both on the
               | decline. The opposite has happened: privatization of
               | state monopolies and deregulatization.
               | 
               | I also think it's hilarious that you think a) the EU is
               | feminist, and b) that feminism is leftist. What you are
               | describing is liberalism, a right wing political
               | position.
               | 
               | And even the liberal right is losing ground to the
               | conservative right. The EU commission is far more
               | conservative than it ever has been, and hard-right
               | parties are in government in at least six EU countries
               | (see e.g., https://www.politico.eu/article/mapped-europe-
               | far-right-gove...), with conservative governments
               | elsewhere. This is a strict break with tradition, where
               | the extreme right has been excluded from European
               | governments by consensus of other parties ever since the
               | second world war.
               | 
               | Your beliefs are not aligned with reality. I am also
               | personally in the middle of this research money
               | refunnelling, I can vouch forst hand that research money
               | is being funneled to startups and other private
               | companies, while austerity measures are hitting hard
               | across the EU.
        
               | seec wrote:
               | You are arguing about form and semantics.
               | 
               | Yes the bureaucrats have added a indirection level to
               | shield themselves from consequences and fill the pockets
               | of their friends. This is basically the definition of
               | corrupt communism. Where political figure assign and
               | distribute the work and rewards the commissars who
               | oversee the work. Your head is so far up your ass that
               | you don't even realise that you basically described the
               | Chinese system, which is, guess what, freaking communist.
               | 
               | Feminism is absolutely leftist and is straight from the
               | Marxist playbook. De Beauvoir and Sartre are the parents
               | of modern feminism and are both heavily influenced by
               | Marx. In the Soviet Union the propaganda for equality was
               | extremely strong and women were just considered another
               | regular worker, same as the men. In fact feminists played
               | a key role in the revolution of 1917 and gained suffrage
               | right away. Funnily enough, women complained that they
               | were exploited, because unlike feminist in rich
               | capitalist countries that can afford to give "freedom" to
               | women in exchange for very little work/value, the soviet
               | women were actually required to work, the country being
               | too poor to afford them easy jobs. But you'll tell us how
               | actually it's all liberalism and whatnot, for sure you
               | have a special history we don't know about that
               | contradict every common sources we know about. For sure.
               | 
               | Yes the EU is becoming more right-wing and conservative.
               | This is course correction after decades of left/center-
               | left (and greens) domination. But do you realise that
               | this fact is completely contradictory to your point of
               | view.
               | 
               | The argument is that the EU *was* pushing socialist
               | policies and establishing a soft-form of communism. You
               | contest that, claiming neoliberalism domination but then
               | you admit that right-wing/conservative are just coming
               | into power. I mean it was literally yesterday.
               | 
               | > For the first time, a right-wing majority is emerging
               | at the European Parliament as the European People's Party
               | flirts with groups that would have been considered too
               | toxic to work with in the past. The pivot has given the
               | EPP a choice but also created a headache for Ursula von
               | der Leyen.
               | 
               | https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2025/11/15/how-the-
               | epp-us...
               | 
               | A news that was published literally 15 days ago. It
               | cannot be that both the EU was ruled by neoliberals and
               | they are just coming into power at the same. Do you
               | realised how disingenuous you are ? If not this is
               | frightening.
               | 
               | > Your beliefs are not aligned with reality.
               | 
               | No clearly you have a delusional point of view. Even
               | wikipedia that is famously tilting left is basically
               | disagreeing with you on everything. Get a grasp.
               | 
               | > while austerity measures are hitting hard across the
               | EU.
               | 
               | Of course that's coming. They have ran out of others
               | people money and debt level are unsustainable. But I
               | would also contest you personal anecdote with one of
               | mine, since I know someone who is currently receiving
               | subsidies for a musical concert via EU. So maybe you are
               | just bad a selling your projects on top of having a
               | distorted view of reality. To be honest that would make
               | sense because even the hardest left-wingers are not
               | stupid enough to believe the garbage they sell to the
               | wider populace. They pretend in public but in private
               | they'll tell you about whatever power trip they are
               | currently chasing.
               | 
               | You seem to be getting high on your own supply; that
               | can't be good.
        
               | qcnguy wrote:
               | _> My guy, the EU is not founding companies, it is giving
               | existing companies subsidies. The profits of those
               | companies will not be public, they are private. I can
               | vouch forst hand that research money is being funneled to
               | startups and other private companies_
               | 
               | Nobody claimed it isn't, but governments trying to pick
               | winners by subsidizing startups is still the same old
               | left wing politics. You don't see the USA spray grants
               | around at the scale the EU does, do you? I'm pretty sure
               | they don't directly subsidize startups at all.
               | 
               | BTW companies are routinely created in the EU
               | specifically to access the 'free money' of grants. The
               | act of offering subsidies creates companies. The profits
               | - if any - will be taxed heavily. They are only partly
               | private. We agree, though, that this is not as extreme as
               | the 100% profit tax that occurs under nationalization.
               | 
               |  _> I also think it 's hilarious that you think a) the EU
               | is feminist, and b) that feminism is leftist._
               | 
               | The EU leadership class all demanded a female EU
               | Commission president before Ursula vdL mysteriously
               | failed upwards into the role without explanation:
               | 
               | https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/may/23/eu-leaders-
               | cal...
        
               | seec wrote:
               | Well the common theme of leftist is that they are in
               | complete denial of reality.
               | 
               | This is how you get some dude that will argue with a
               | straight face that EU problems absolutely come from
               | neoliberalism when many of the biggest members are
               | closing on 60% public spending to GDP ratio. I just can't
               | imagine the cognitive dissonance at this point.
               | 
               | I wish it would be simple ignorance or plain stupidity
               | because it would mean that would be somewhat solvable.
               | But they are simply and purely lying and they have been
               | doing it for so long that they don't even know where/what
               | reality is anymore. That's a bit sad when you think about
               | it.
               | 
               | At least the "good thing" is that since they are nothing
               | but parasites, eventually they successfully destroy the
               | host system. Then comes the reality check and for a while
               | the parasites get evacuated.
               | 
               | By the way, HN is infested with Marxist types, which is
               | hilarious considering it is supposed to be a forum for a
               | filthy capitalist endeavor. But this is the way of life
               | of the parasite: identify a valuable target and destroy
               | it from the inside. Find another supply, rinse and
               | repeat.
        
             | seec wrote:
             | Ah yes, the neoliberal boogeyman.
             | 
             | Here is what Wikipedia has to say on the matter. >
             | Neoliberalism is often associated with a set of economic
             | liberalization policies, including privatization,
             | deregulation, depoliticisation, consumer choice, labor
             | market flexibilization, economic globalization, free trade,
             | monetarism, austerity, and reductions in government
             | spending.
             | 
             | Do you agree with that definition ? If so, none of what is
             | happening in the EU is consistent with that description. If
             | not, I'm all hears for what you think it means.
             | 
             | > The left has not been popular in the EU since the 70s
             | What constitute the left has mutated and is not called as
             | such anymore. It is now found in the "green" parties and
             | adjacent. The hard left is actually very popular, at least
             | as much as the right wing, but I'll grant you they are
             | becoming less desirable because people are pushing back on
             | the immigration the hard left is very much for that. It is
             | incoherent because it mechanically reduce the power/earning
             | of their supposed electorate but on the other hand it
             | grants them dominating power in key places and they get the
             | votes of the bourgeoisie.
             | 
             | Here is some data on public government spending in the EU.
             | https://www.statista.com/statistics/263220/public-
             | spending-r... https://tradingeconomics.com/country-
             | list/government-spendin...
             | 
             | Most of the rich countries are over 50% and approaching 60%
             | very fast. After COVID, spending has increased at an insane
             | rate, via debt creation. It's basically like a poor family
             | using credit to buy an ultra expensive fancy car but I
             | guess that's very austere to you.
             | 
             | It's balsy to pretend that the EU suffer from austerity
             | when the data readily show the contrary. The only tax
             | revisions to be found are to raise them, not the other way
             | around.
             | 
             | To be clear, I'm all for the targeted raising of taxes on
             | the boomers, who got us into this mess. I also think some
             | of the regulations goals are laudable (notably transition
             | to electric everything and building improvements but I
             | disagree that regulation is the way to get there.
             | Considering that the EU economy is basically in the dump,
             | I'll say that the world largely agree with me.
        
         | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
         | Thanks, I thought this was a very insightful comment that
         | helped me think about the problem differently.
         | 
         | I would add, though, that I think "co-op universities" have a
         | good solution. That is, places like Northeastern and Drexel
         | when the undergrad program is 5-ish years and a good portion of
         | that time is working in paid co-op positions. This ensures that
         | students graduate with at least some real-world experience in
         | their field but still get the benefit of classroom study and
         | the full college experience.
        
           | ryandv wrote:
           | Obligatory uwaterloo plug. I didn't even end up graduating
           | after 3 years of compsci but still ended up with almost two
           | years of work experience. Colleagues in my early career were
           | still paying down student debt while I had already paid for
           | tuition out of pocket, not with tax dollars.
           | 
           | Funny too, because I had a philosophy professor there who
           | talked about how the university is _not_ a vocational school,
           | but a place one goes to enrich the mind and become a more
           | worldly citizen.
        
         | hfsdhkdshksdhk wrote:
         | Funnily enough there is a parasitic vine in Australian rain
         | forests that kills its host and then thrives.
         | 
         | It grows completely around the tree and creates its own trunk
         | on the outside. The tree underneath eventually cannot get any
         | nutrients in its sap and dies. The vine then feeds on the tree
         | as it rots away on the inside.
         | 
         | Eventually you have a hollow tree.
        
           | jswelker wrote:
           | Very apt metaphor for the current situation.
        
           | trashface wrote:
           | Sure sounds like a good descriptor for the US healthcare
           | system at least. The hospitals will still be operating and
           | collecting government payments even when most people don't
           | have healthcare. Bunch of empty rooms with beeping hardware
           | everywhere. Meanwhile a bunch of sick and dying people
           | outside the hospitals that are too poor to actually go into
           | them.
        
         | shevy-java wrote:
         | "People want cheap healthcare"
         | 
         | This has a lot to do with what a country wants. Many countries
         | show this is possible; the USA prefers a profit-based system
         | where everyone pays a lot.
        
         | lo_zamoyski wrote:
         | There is indeed a mismatch between the traditional de jure
         | mission of the university and the de facto mission it has
         | today.
         | 
         | What is the university traditionally for? Education. What
         | curriculum is most quintessentially constitutive of education?
         | The liberal arts (traditionally understood, not the flakey pot-
         | smoking/Dead Poets Society counterfeit). What is the purpose of
         | the liberal arts? The free man.
         | 
         | What is the mission of the university today? Job training
         | (putting to the side the question of how well it actually
         | accomplishes this end). What are jobs? The servile arts.
         | 
         | There's the heart of the contradiction. The university has a
         | split personality that has rendered it bad at education and bad
         | at job training, and to add insult to injury, it charges you
         | Ritz prices for Motel 6 service.
         | 
         | The idea of universal education was never sensible.
         | "Democratization" leads to mediocrity, because now market
         | forces demand you satisfy the customer. You fail everyone by
         | doing this. You get people that are uneducated (despite what
         | they fancy themselves to be) and poorly trained for work, and
         | on top of that, burdened by crushing debt. What a great start
         | to adult life!
         | 
         | I propose that the first fundamental change needs to occur
         | first in primary education, which is generally quite poor. Try
         | teaching the basic liberal arts in primary schools (some
         | adaptation of the trivium/quadrivium). Then, either after high
         | school or by bifurcating high school into university-bound and
         | trade-bound tracks, you choose one or the other track. In
         | general, the majority should be in the trade track (where
         | "trade" includes more that just plumbing or construction or
         | whatever, but also vast swathes of what we put people through
         | universities for for no justifiable reason).
         | 
         | Then we unsaddle the university of its job-training duties.
         | Instead, you have apprenticeships and technical schools and so
         | on to prepare people for their occupations. The university is
         | stripped of anything that weakens its mission as educating
         | institution. Valuable ancillary activities are spun off into,
         | say, technical institutes.
        
         | harrall wrote:
         | Liberal arts is cheap and is not why university is expensive.
         | You can get it for relative pennies at a community college.
         | 
         | I've studied at university, state college and community college
         | and my best history teacher was at a community college.
         | 
         | University is expensive probably because there is job demand
         | but almost no real downward pressure to keep it cheap. Students
         | can't provide much pressure and it's not directly affecting
         | companies that ask for it. A lot of families also carry this
         | "prestige" element that pushes the cost up.
        
         | snowwrestler wrote:
         | People don't want "cheap healthcare," people want to be
         | healthy.
         | 
         | And people don't want "job training," people want to be
         | educated and have a fulfilling life.
         | 
         |  _Of course_ college looks too expensive if it is just "job
         | training." But that is not what college is.
         | 
         | College proved its immense value _first_ , and then because of
         | its obvious value, employers started looking for it. But you've
         | let the cart get in front of the horse, by thinking that the
         | value of a college education is simply that employers are
         | looking for it.
        
           | kgdiem wrote:
           | I agree with you in spirit but most people in the US look at
           | college like job training. It's literally advertised as job
           | training on TV, buses and billboards. Teachers, parents, and
           | media have long been seen as "the way" to get a job.
           | 
           | One of the most disappointing things about college was how
           | little people cared about the liberal arts aspect, where
           | humanities courses were an annoying box to tick.
        
             | tootie wrote:
             | I think that's the disconnect. When college was more
             | rarified, it was populated by a mix of children of
             | privilege and those who had the talent, ambition and desire
             | to expand their minds. That selection bias was enough to
             | predict future success. When the formula was boiled down to
             | "college=success" it became a system to be gamed. Students
             | scraping and cheating to get admission, schools offering
             | easier degrees. The birth of diploma mills where education
             | didn't matter and student life was non-existent. No wonder
             | the value of college seems so diminished.
        
             | snowwrestler wrote:
             | Teenagers do not understand the true value of things. This
             | is not news and not restricted to the field of education.
             | "You'll need to get a good job someday" is one of the all-
             | purpose lines adults use when harassing them into making
             | better life choices.
             | 
             | College makes a person more capable in general, which
             | confers long-term competitiveness during a career. That's
             | why parents want their kids to go to college. And the great
             | thing is it works even if the kid is just checking the box.
             | It works better if they are engaged and enthusiastic, of
             | course.
        
               | fragmede wrote:
               | > And the great thing is it works even if the kid is just
               | checking the box.
               | 
               | Maybe if you limit it to STEM degrees. There are plenty
               | of people saddled with humanities degrees that haber no
               | hope of paying off the loans taken to get the degree,
               | nevermind a job past barista.
        
               | snowwrestler wrote:
               | No, what I'm saying is that if a kid takes a college
               | writing class and does enough to pass it, at the end that
               | kid will be a better writer. Even if they did not like
               | the class.
        
           | jb_rad wrote:
           | The problem is there isn't an alternative for people who want
           | one. I'm self educated and self employed, and yet I'm forced
           | to pay for healthcare I don't need, and compete against those
           | with the pedigree of an Ivy League.
           | 
           | My issue is these things boil down to class. There should be
           | a legitimate, high quality alternative for those who can't
           | afford it.
        
           | somenameforme wrote:
           | This [1] is a graph of educational attainment in the US. And
           | the percent of people into the 60s who had a college degree
           | was in the single digits, with it being near zero in times
           | past. It then started ramping up extremely quickly. The main
           | thing that changed is a lot more jobs started requiring
           | degrees around that time.
           | 
           | If people were genuinely pursuing college for self
           | betterment, then you'd think the numbers would have been
           | dramatically higher in the past, especially back in the day
           | when you could comfortably afford college even on just a part
           | time job. The increase in enrollment also came right
           | alongside sharp increases in cost.
           | 
           | [1] - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Educational_attainment_in
           | _the_...
        
         | nine_k wrote:
         | What kind of job training should an engineer have? An
         | engineer's job is to understand very complex systems, and to
         | evolve them, to design, to invent. It's very different from a
         | carpenter's job training, because it requires a much larger
         | width of base knowledge, and much less of what can be acquired
         | by just watching others do their thing, and imitating.
         | 
         | Maybe the study tracks of those going to the industry and those
         | pursuing a scientific career could split earlier. OTOH I
         | personally must say that what I've studied for my master's
         | degree, and even what I researched during my further postgrad
         | studies (even though I did not ultimately go for a PhD) ended
         | up being rather useful for my work in the industry.
         | 
         | It wasn't a sufficient job training though; I sometimes think
         | that nothing is, nothing short of an actual job.
        
         | skirge wrote:
         | "job training" at school? Everyone known you learn how to work
         | at work, where first day they say to forget everything you have
         | been taught at school.
        
       | angst wrote:
       | This is worrisome. College experience does provide unique
       | benefits compared to self-learning.
        
         | logicchains wrote:
         | But in the long term it seems to destroy the ability to self-
         | learn; the vast majority of graduates go out of their way to
         | avoid acquiring any new academic knowledge after graduation.
         | College (aside from phd programs) fails at teaching people how
         | to learn.
        
         | maxlybbert wrote:
         | Colleges need to figure out how to advertise those benefits,
         | and the colleges' role in providing the benefits. The fact that
         | they've been flat-footed for a decade tells me either (1)
         | they're incredibly bad communicators, or (2) they don't really
         | believe their own claims.
        
       | chasing wrote:
       | They're wonderful but, yes, the cost is out of control.
       | 
       | Higher education delivers a fantastic ROI for the country as a
       | whole. The people who benefit most from a strong economy are the
       | wealthy. So tax them more. And put that money towards lowering
       | the cost of education. Win-win-win.
        
       | stack_framer wrote:
       | I dropped out after my university added various "studies" courses
       | to the required list.
       | 
       | I took just one such course--gender studies--which was utterly
       | abysmal. There was zero tolerance for debating ideas or
       | considering opposing viewpoints. You either assimilated with the
       | group think, or you were castigated for your heresy. It was
       | indoctrination, not education.
        
         | anonymouskimmer wrote:
         | You may have had a bad instructor. I don't think I've ever been
         | in a class where I couldn't do some genuine questioning, but of
         | course I didn't always feel the need to do so.
         | 
         | Edit to add: Also, you failed to learn the lesson that you
         | can't always quit in the face of tyranny. Did you never have a
         | history or civics class in high school?
        
           | WorkerBee28474 wrote:
           | But were any of your classes gender studies?
        
             | anonymouskimmer wrote:
             | No. I had one that had something to do with anthropology
             | though.
        
         | mapontosevenths wrote:
         | Which viewpoint did you oppose? It matters.
         | 
         | If it was "Women should be allowed to vote" I can understand
         | the teachers reluctance to engage in debate.
        
         | lapcat wrote:
         | I have a hard time believing this story. You seriously dropped
         | out because you didn't like one class? That doesn't seem to
         | show much fortitude.
         | 
         | Which university, which year was this, what was your major, and
         | what happened with your education and/or career after you
         | dropped out?
         | 
         | And what precisely do you mean by "castigated," in your
         | specific case?
        
           | stack_framer wrote:
           | > You seriously dropped out because you didn't like one
           | class?
           | 
           | No. The university added other "studies" courses to my
           | requirements that contributed to my decision. After taking
           | gender studies, I knew I could not tolerate the other
           | "studies" courses the university was suddenly demanding--
           | which were not required when I first started.
           | 
           | > Which university
           | 
           | The University of Utah
           | 
           | > which year was this
           | 
           | 2014
           | 
           | > what was your major
           | 
           | Computer Science
           | 
           | > what happened with your education and/or career after you
           | dropped out?
           | 
           | I still have 8 classes left. Nothing happened to my career.
           | 
           | > And what precisely do you mean by "castigated," in your
           | specific case?
           | 
           | One of our guest speakers was a man with autogynephilia--a
           | man who derives sexual pleasure from dressing like a woman.
           | 
           | In a follow-up discussion, I committed the "sins" of
           | referring to him as a man, and saying things like he is not a
           | woman, and there are only two sexes.
           | 
           | My instructor and some students went scorched earth on me
           | over these elementary facts. They made it quite clear that
           | the only acceptable narrative was that, because he
           | "identifies" as a woman, he is a woman.
           | 
           | This is just one example of the kind of "thinking" that went
           | on in this course. I don't like it when I'm told what I must
           | think. As I said before, that's indoctrination, not
           | education.
           | 
           | > I have a hard time believing this story.
           | 
           | Why? It's all true.
        
             | baiwl wrote:
             | I don't understand this thing you do in the US of forcing
             | you to do completely unrelated courses. You want to study
             | computers and they put you through liberal arts or gender
             | studies bullshit that is basically worthless. Why?
        
               | ta20240528 wrote:
               | What's telling is they don't make the liberal arts
               | student take any hard science electives.
        
               | lapcat wrote:
               | This is false.
        
             | fzeroracer wrote:
             | > One of our guest speakers was a man with autogynephilia--
             | a man who derives sexual pleasure from dressing like a
             | woman.
             | 
             | > In a follow-up discussion, I committed the "sins" of
             | referring to him as a man, and saying things like he is not
             | a woman, and there are only two sexes.
             | 
             | Now I definitely agree with the other poster that this
             | sounds made up, or at the very least you are significantly
             | embellishing the story in such a way to completely ruin
             | your own credibility.
        
               | stack_framer wrote:
               | > you are significantly embellishing the story
               | 
               | The guy told us he was married, with children, and that
               | he had a separate apartment where he "lived like a woman"
               | most weekends. He lived that way because his wife didn't
               | like it when he dressed like a woman around her. He said
               | he was intensely aroused by wearing pantyhose and skirts,
               | in particular.
               | 
               | That may sound "significantly embellished" to you, but I
               | assure you it is not.
               | 
               | Regardless of what you, or anyone else here, would like
               | to believe about my credibility, this was the beginning
               | of why I personally no longer thought a college degree
               | was worth the cost. I refused to spend another dollar of
               | my hard-earned money sitting through courses where I was
               | not allowed to openly debate the ideas being presented to
               | me.
        
               | fzeroracer wrote:
               | I'm sorry but this timeline and story makes zero sense.
               | For reference, 2014 is about a year before gay marriage
               | was fully legalized in the US and reasonably before the
               | whole trans rights movement started being a lot more
               | public. I went to college in a deep blue state and had
               | practically little to no interaction with any transgender
               | folks, both in my gen eds classes and just overall at
               | that same time period. Someone arriving as a guest
               | speaker and talking in the way you've mentioned would've
               | instantly made headlines in 2014, especially since at
               | least one student would've complained and made it a
               | bigger issue which as far as I can tell it doesn't exist.
               | Nor are there any mentions of said guest speaker, and
               | colleges are generally very public about this sort of
               | thing.
        
               | stack_framer wrote:
               | I understand that you had a different experience, but you
               | seem to be committing the "argument from incredulity"
               | logical fallacy.[0] What I described may not have
               | happened to you, but it did happen--regardless of whether
               | the timeline or details makes any sense to you.
               | 
               | Do you have any thoughts about the cost of college
               | degrees being worth the cost? That's ultimately what
               | prompted me to comment.
               | 
               | [0]
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argument_from_incredulity
        
             | 59nadir wrote:
             | > In a follow-up discussion, I committed the "sins" of
             | referring to him as a man, and saying things like he is not
             | a woman, and there are only two sexes.
             | 
             | Sincere question: Why were you not able to just think "Oh,
             | ok, some people do this and feel this way." and then just
             | move on? I'm not sure why these particular things needed to
             | be discussed.
        
             | lapcat wrote:
             | https://www-
             | old.cs.utah.edu/docs/Undergraduate/UGHandbook_20...
             | 
             | According to the University of Utah Computer Science
             | Undergraduate Student Handbook 2014-2015, "Students must
             | take two intellectual explorations courses in each: fine
             | arts (FF), humanities (HF), and social sciences (BF). Two
             | of these six courses must be upper division  - one should
             | meet the diversity (DV) requirement and one should meet the
             | international (IR) requirement" and "The diversity (DV)
             | requirement can be satisfied by taking a course from an
             | approved list as part of the intellectual explorations
             | courses." So, there was only one required diversity course,
             | from a list of courses, meaning that gender studies was not
             | specifically mandated. If you took gender studies to
             | satisfy the diversity requirement, it was because you chose
             | gender studies, which seems like an odd choice, given your
             | beliefs. In any case, you would not have to take multiple
             | diversity courses.
             | 
             | > I still have 8 classes left. Nothing happened to my
             | career.
             | 
             | I'm not sure exactly what you mean. As a result of dropping
             | out, do you not have a career in computing? Alternatively,
             | did dropping out without getting a computer science degree
             | not harm your career at all, and if it didn't, then why
             | were you spending time and money ("I refused to spend
             | another dollar of my hard-earned money") to get a degree?
             | 
             | In a later comment, you say:
             | 
             | > this was the beginning of why I personally no longer
             | thought a college degree was worth the cost.
             | 
             | > sitting through courses where I was not allowed to openly
             | debate the ideas being presented to me.
             | 
             | I'm confused here. For you, is the monetary value of a
             | college degree to openly debate ideas in class? And if so,
             | why did you major in computer science, as opposed to
             | philosophy, for example, which is known for open debate of
             | ideas in class, unlike computer science?
             | 
             | > My instructor and some students went scorched earth on me
             | 
             | Scorched earth is a metaphor. It's not in this case an
             | accurate and informative description of reality. I suspect
             | you just mean that you got criticized, which is exactly
             | what you asked for: an open debate of ideas. The use of
             | hyperbolic phrases like "castigated" and "scorched earth"
             | does not make your comments plausible.
        
         | jpalawaga wrote:
         | I will give you an upvote to offset the negative expressions.
         | I've heard of at least one instance at a very well known Bay
         | Area university in such a class.
         | 
         | From what was described to me, and I trust this person to not
         | misrepresent their experience, was that they were essentially
         | told 'hi, cis white male, sit down and don't say a damn thing,
         | this isn't your place to talk'. And then go on to essentially
         | present a curriculum that was essentially a myriad of thinly-
         | veiled misandry, compounded by extremely clear classroom
         | rules/culture where any opposition was decidedly unwanted by
         | the lecturers.
         | 
         | I'm the first to champion equal rights and equal opportunity,
         | but that that sort of thing was going on in higher ed left a
         | bad taste in my mouth.
        
           | yatopifo wrote:
           | Is it still a thing in the US though? There was a bit of that
           | in Canada briefly but then everyone saw the ridiculousness of
           | the radical approach in 2023. Universities have been
           | distancing themselves from such groups since then.
        
         | fzeroracer wrote:
         | When I see posts like this, it reminds me of when I went to
         | community college. I was working towards an associate degree to
         | transfer to a larger university which saved both money and
         | allowed me to bypass some of the admission issues. One of the
         | classes I was taking was a Gen Ed class around the philosophy
         | of religion. I was an especially strong atheist at the time,
         | and this class involved a well-rounded discussion and
         | examination of religions from across the world as well as
         | debates around our religious beliefs.
         | 
         | By the end of the class I had softened on my stance a bit
         | (though still an atheist), and I saw multiple Christians get
         | up, walk out of the class mid-lecture and never come back. Not
         | all of them mind you, but a few of them took such great offense
         | at the class even mentioning other religions that they left,
         | and some really couldn't handle any sort of debate or
         | discussion.
        
       | nashashmi wrote:
       | Total cost of ownership is 4 years x $15k-$25k (for a cheap
       | public school) + missed income from working that same four years
       | ($35k x 4 years). This is equal to $220k +/- $20k of lost money.
       | 
       | Now compare this to income differential. Starting grad income is
       | $80k(?). At 4% raise per year compared to 3.5% raise per year for
       | a non-college employee. Over 43 years.
       | 
       | My math comes out to the college grad is still making more money
       | despite the initial sunk cost.
        
         | AxiomaticSpace wrote:
         | This assumes that every college grad is guaranteed a decent
         | starting income. It seems that on average new grads are
         | struggling more now than they used to to get jobs in their
         | fields, especially higher paying jobs. And that perception is
         | probably magnified by internet horror stories such as every 3rd
         | post on r/cscareers.
        
           | nashashmi wrote:
           | Yes this kind of math doesn't make sense in places and
           | industries where pay is not high and job prospects are
           | difficult. Like liberal arts. Or third world countries.
           | 
           | And that is the point: do the math that assesses the incomes
           | correctly and many people won't see as college as sensible
           | for those professions.
        
         | rfrey wrote:
         | I'm not sure where your numbers come from. In my region job
         | prospects are not much better for a liberal arts grad than a
         | high school graduate, and much, much worse than someone with a
         | trades education.
        
         | naet wrote:
         | Anecdotally my wife came very close to finishing a 4 year
         | degree but ultimately did not for various reasons (she comes
         | from a very disadvantaged family...) and not having one has
         | been a _major_ burden or blocker for her pursuing all kinds of
         | jobs. I am hoping to help her finish, but it is hard to restart
         | later in life and lots of past credits will probably be lost or
         | not count anymore due to various academic bureaucracy
         | roadblocks.
        
           | viccis wrote:
           | Yep, I've seen this with a lot of my friends who did a
           | similar thing. HR employees screening you out alone is a huge
           | problem.
           | 
           | I have some middle and upper middle class gen X and older
           | friends giving their children TERRIBLE advice about how
           | degrees aren't worth it anymore and you get more out of
           | getting started in your career ASAP than spending 4 years in
           | school. The problem is that a BS now is like a high school
           | diploma when they grew up, and if you don't have one, then in
           | all likelihood, you will struggle to not be downwardly
           | mobile, as it's the new middle class gatekeeping tool.
           | 
           | People should NOT listen to anyone over 45-50 or so who tells
           | them college isn't necessary. Those people grew up in a world
           | that no longer exists.
           | 
           | Another example of bad gen X / boomer advice is to knock out
           | core credits in community college and transfer to university
           | later. They don't understand that your only shot at getting
           | _significant_ scholarships and financial aid is when you
           | enter as a 1st time freshman. I know someone with brilliant
           | kids who made National Merit Scholar this year who is already
           | setting their kids aims low by advising them to do this when
           | there are so many good universities, both private and state,
           | where their kids have a good shot at getting a full ride.
        
             | jghn wrote:
             | > The problem is that a BS now is like a high school
             | diploma when they grew up
             | 
             | > gen X / boomer
             | 
             | Those 2 generations aren't even remotely close in terms of
             | shared experience of what high school diploma was like when
             | they grew up.
        
               | viccis wrote:
               | Well that specific example paragraph was about financial
               | aid, not the value of a high school diploma, so I fail to
               | see your point.
        
               | jcater wrote:
               | Well, I'll elaborate as a Gen-Xer; what you describe
               | about financial aid was the exact same scenario we faced.
               | 
               | You are conflating the "exceptional" kid coming out if HS
               | who is offered full rides (who clearly should take
               | advantage of that and go straight into university with
               | that full ride) with an average student who will have to
               | pay for some or all of college. For the latter, community
               | college for 2 years was and still is a good idea.
        
               | jswelker wrote:
               | I think the point is that you need to feel out the
               | options available, which are fairly unique to each kid
               | based on geography and grades and parents and extra
               | curriculars, not just take a one size fits all approach
               | of going to community college.
        
               | viccis wrote:
               | It really depends. In many states, for the latter, there
               | are state programs that cover tuition if the student can
               | meet some GPA and enrollment minimums. I knew someone in
               | such a state still telling their kids to start in CC
               | because that's what they knew from 30 years ago and they
               | haven't bothered to research how things work now.
        
             | nebula8804 wrote:
             | >Another example of bad gen X / boomer advice is to knock
             | out core credits in community college and transfer to
             | university later. They don't understand that your only shot
             | at getting significant scholarships and financial aid is
             | when you enter as a 1st time freshman. I know someone with
             | brilliant kids who made National Merit Scholar this year
             | who is already setting their kids aims low by advising them
             | to do this when there are so many good universities, both
             | private and state, where their kids have a good shot at
             | getting a full ride.
             | 
             | I'll have to push back on this. I'll give NJ as an example
             | but other states have similar systems. In NJ If you are in
             | the top 15% of your graduating school you are covered for
             | full tuition provided for the first two years at community
             | college. You are also given a guaranteed spot at whatever
             | public college/program you want. (EDIT: I am not sure if
             | this is still the case im trying to sift through the
             | documentation but now I think it may also require minimum
             | GPA in CC) Imagine getting that university degree and
             | starting your professional career with potentially 0 debt.
             | 
             | Furthermore a variation of this program extends to families
             | making less than 65k. If you meet that criteria. The
             | community college degree is 0$. From there you are given a
             | course schedule that if you follow will transfer 1:1 to a
             | university and if you do well academically there you can be
             | eligible for reduced or waived tuition at the public
             | college of your choosing. This system helps people who did
             | poorly in high school or just didnt make the cut aid wise
             | get a second chance at tuition free college.
             | 
             | If you make more than 65k, you still get reduced tuition on
             | some sliding scale. And again excellent grades translates
             | to more savings.
             | 
             | At least for NJ, Community college really sets many people
             | up for an excellent start in their career by not having any
             | college debt.
        
               | viccis wrote:
               | Many private colleges like Rice cover 100% of costs for
               | all students with parents under a fairly high salary.
               | Almost 40% of MIT students have financial aid that's
               | equal or greater than their tuition. This is starting to
               | get more and more common for elite colleges and
               | universities.
               | 
               | I got a full ride plus stipend to a _pretty good_ but not
               | great school, but one of the things I wish my parents
               | pushed me on harder was applying to schools like MIT
               | where I didn 't bother applying because I didn't want to
               | be saddled with debt. This was a couple decades back, and
               | it's so much easier to get a full ride now if you can
               | make it in (admittedly much harder now).
               | 
               | My point isn't to write off community college. It's that
               | a talented and accomplished high schooler should set
               | their sights higher because the old idea that all these
               | elite colleges are unaffordable is rapidly changing.
               | 
               | Also, I am not sure if you know people taking CC courses
               | recently, but they are often taught in a way that gives
               | you what you paid for at $0. Prerecorded canned lectures,
               | infuriating and curiosity crushing online worksheets,
               | etc. I know multiple people who were excited to do free
               | CC when it was made free for older (30+) students whose
               | academic aims were immediately stamped out within one
               | semester because there was no college instruction. Just
               | endless online worksheets. These things exist in other
               | higher ed paths too, but truly not to the extent that
               | I've witnessed.
        
               | nebula8804 wrote:
               | I understand where you are coming from in regards to
               | elite university. Certainly if a student can get admitted
               | into an ivy league they should at least _inquire_ about
               | eligible aid packages. I would assume someone with the
               | intellect to get admitted there would put in the work to
               | explore all options.
               | 
               | Ivy league is a shrinking circle of spots and does not
               | represent the majority of where exceptionally talented
               | students go to as a result. Lets just take the example I
               | cited with the top 15% of high school students in each
               | high school in NJ would likely exceed the available spots
               | at all Ivy Leagues. You mentioned public institutions in
               | your original message. States have programs in place to
               | ensure exceptional students are taken care of.
               | 
               | >Also, I am not sure if you know people taking CC courses
               | recently, but they are often taught in a way that gives
               | you what you paid for at $0. Prerecorded canned lectures,
               | infuriating and curiosity crushing online worksheets,
               | etc. I know multiple people who were excited to do free
               | CC when it was made free for older (30+) students whose
               | academic aims were immediately stamped out within one
               | semester because there was no college instruction. Just
               | endless online worksheets. These things exist in other
               | higher ed paths too, but truly not to the extent that
               | I've witnessed.
               | 
               | I was admitted to an Engineering school but due to severe
               | health issues with family, I was forced to move closer
               | and enroll in community college so I have gone through
               | this experience in a unique way (Enrolled at University
               | -> Transfered to CC -> Transferred back to University).
               | 
               | This was ~15 years ago but during that time all the
               | teachers at the CC had Masters degrees in their field and
               | also had additional teaching credentials(some had PHDs).
               | 
               | I found that instruction was very focused on ensuring
               | students learned material vs my experience at my public
               | Research based university where either TAs taught courses
               | or professors focused on their research would reluctantly
               | lecture as a requirement.
               | 
               | I will concede that instruction in subjects like
               | Math/Physics were not of the same caliber as university
               | only because while CCs tended to give examinations
               | consisting of hard versions of the practice problems
               | assigned as homework, my Engineering university expected
               | me to to deeply understand the material and would give
               | very unique problems during the common exams that test
               | the deeper understanding vs just technique.
               | 
               | I am surprised to hear the anecdote that you expressed as
               | that wouldn't pass muster with the university
               | accreditation bodies as well as the admissions
               | departments of the public universities that renew the
               | "transfer agreements" with the CCs. In NJ there is a
               | requirement of a minimum standard of instruction needed
               | or else the receiving university has the right to reject
               | course credit from the CC and rescind transfer
               | agreements. The universities know who comes from the CCs
               | and they are assessing academic performance of those
               | students. For example Rutgers does this with some CC in
               | their CS classes as the subject material is not 1:1(they
               | are offered as general elective credit instead so still
               | allows the student to not fall too behind).
               | 
               | Let me ask you was this anecdote occuring during COVID?
               | Maybe that accounts for the strange online instruction?
        
               | viccis wrote:
               | >Certainly if a student can get admitted into an ivy
               | league they should at least inquire about eligible aid
               | packages.
               | 
               | Bear in mind when I say "elite college", I'm not talking
               | Ivy Leagues, as those have covered tuition for the non-
               | wealthy students for a while now. I'm talking elite
               | liberal arts colleges (Amherst, Swarthmore), elite
               | private universities (MIT, Rice), etc. Many state schools
               | cover a lot but your mileage varies dramatically, and
               | it's often tied to fairly intense GPA requirements.
               | Georgia Tech has a student suicide problem because of
               | this, for example.
               | 
               | >This was ~15 years ago but during that time all the
               | teachers at the CC had Masters degrees in their field and
               | also had additional teaching credentials(some had PHDs).
               | 
               | It's much worse now. A lot of the core classes (calculus,
               | first semester bio and chem, etc.) _don 't have teachers_
               | at all. You're given all of your instruction via canned
               | videos and your homework and evaluation through online
               | tests. There's often a way to contact a teacher of some
               | sort, but they will mostly be terse and just link you to
               | a resource to work on it yourself or direct you to a
               | forum where you and your classmates can talk about it.
               | 
               | This isn't covid, this is from this year. A lot of this
               | started with covid but has stuck around for budgetary
               | reasons. YMMV but for a lot of places, this is how you
               | cut costs to be able to easily offer free college. Some
               | of the classes will still have teachers, but the big ones
               | that people typically use CC for will be largely
               | automated because that's what scales.
        
             | jswelker wrote:
             | > knock out core credits in community college
             | 
             | The correct way to do it is to utilize high school dual
             | credit or dual enrollment offerings. Then you can shave off
             | a year or two of college but still be eligible for freshman
             | scholarships. Often cheaper than community college too.
        
           | DiscourseFan wrote:
           | And the opposite is true as well. I had a friend who had no
           | idea how to market her labor, uncomfortable even with the
           | idea of making a linkedin profile. She has an undergraduate
           | degree, she _did_ eventually find something, but it was a
           | tiresome process. On the other hand, I had just finished a
           | Master 's degree, I had made up a linkedin profile to apply
           | to a startup I thought looked interesting--no response, but,
           | about a month later a recruiter messaged me on linkedin to
           | work a short term contract that turned into the job I have
           | now. There was practically no effort on my part for a job
           | search.
        
           | erikw wrote:
           | Have you verified that these "academic bureaucracy
           | roadblocks" exist? Surprisingly, I was able to pick my
           | studies back up after almost 20 years, and not only were all
           | of my existing credits counted, but they also exempted me
           | from new requirements that had been added in the subsequent
           | 20 years.
        
         | blitz_skull wrote:
         | Assuming a grad income of $80k is an insane starting
         | assumption. MAYBE you're making that in software (good luck
         | getting your foot in the door).
         | 
         | Any other industry? Biology? Social sciences? Academia?
         | Manufacturing?
         | 
         | I struggle to think of anything other than finance that has a
         | shot of STARTING at $80k. Hell I didn't hit $80k in software
         | industry until ~3 years in and I thought I was (I indeed WAS)
         | very lucky.
        
           | alephnerd wrote:
           | Your numbers seem to be a couple years out of date, or maybe
           | you're (no offense) living in an economic backwater like
           | Florida where salaries are severely depressed due to the
           | tourism effect.
           | 
           | The base salaries for Entry level SWE roles are in the
           | $80k-100k range nationally [0].
           | 
           | Additionally, most finance roles start in that ranges, though
           | high finance has starting salaries comparable to Big Tech new
           | grad.
           | 
           | Even Biotech new grad salaries tend to be in the $60k-80k
           | range.
           | 
           | Same with manufacturing engineering roles [1]
           | 
           | [0] - https://www.levels.fyi/t/software-
           | engineer/levels/entry-leve...
           | 
           | [1] - https://www.salary.com/research/salary/alternate/entry-
           | manuf...
        
             | givemeethekeys wrote:
             | > like Florida
             | 
             | If Florida is "backwater", then so is most of the rest of
             | the country outside of a handful of overpriced cities where
             | earning 80k is required to be able to afford a room in an
             | apartment - not the whole apartment, and certainly not
             | buying one.
        
               | alephnerd wrote:
               | I mean yea, they absolutely are economically speaking -
               | especially when looking at where new grad college
               | educated jobs _are_ located [0].
               | 
               | Heck, most states have fallen into a technical recession
               | [1]. Florida is weird simply because of how much tourism
               | and retirement adjacent industries skew it's economy (eg.
               | Elderly care, primary care, etc) - in fact, healthcare
               | services (as in elderly care, hospice care, and homecare)
               | is the only non-skilled industry that is seeing a
               | significant expansion in the US.
               | 
               | I personally along with HN, other VCs, and PE funds have
               | been actively following the MSO space for a couple years
               | now because of this boom.
               | 
               | And I say this as someone who kinda likes Florida (Dr
               | Philips reminds me and moreso the missus of bougie gated
               | communities back in ASEAN - it's a nice place for us to
               | Fat FIRE).
               | 
               | [0] -
               | https://www.axios.com/local/denver/2025/02/28/white-
               | collar-w...
               | 
               | [1] - https://www.ft.com/content/e9be3e3f-2efe-42f7-b2d2-
               | 8ab3efea2...
        
               | selimthegrim wrote:
               | Living in Louisiana, salaries here are in the same bucket
               | as FL.
        
               | alephnerd wrote:
               | Oof that is a shame given how severely CoL has risen
               | across much of the South. Salary expectations on the
               | employers side is just too low, but then again, I guess
               | most industries are low margins ones sadly.
        
           | Suppafly wrote:
           | >Assuming a grad income of $80k is an insane starting
           | assumption.
           | 
           | It doesn't really matter if you consider it to be insane. The
           | studies on this stuff always compare averages to averages,
           | and average college grads do better in the long run no matter
           | how optimistically you cook the books to make the inverse
           | seem likely.
        
             | apparent wrote:
             | > average college grads do better in the long run no matter
             | how optimistically you cook the books to make the inverse
             | seem likely
             | 
             | This is far from true when you consider the selection bias
             | of who goes to college, and the sheepskin effect.
        
             | csomar wrote:
             | Here is my made up guess: The average university graduate
             | will do better without degree than the current non-grad
             | averages.
             | 
             | You are making the assumption that it all boils down to the
             | degree (the difference in income). This can't be possible
             | (maybe a majority of it, but not all of it). There are
             | other factors (like being from a middle-class, higher IQ,
             | etc.) that selects for going to Uni. and this has effect
             | later on income.
        
           | apparent wrote:
           | Academia at $80k? After a PhD, sure. There may be some grad
           | programs where you get a stipend north of $60k, but those are
           | probably located in very HCoL places, so you can be assured
           | you won't be saving anything.
        
         | apparent wrote:
         | The numbers look very different for a private school, which
         | could run up to $100k for tuition, room, and board. It is
         | almost unimaginable that attending a private college could have
         | a positive expected value at that cost. For one thing, the
         | incoming students will typically have stellar credentials and
         | abilities. This means that they would not have the average
         | outcome of a high school grad who gets no further education.
         | 
         | If I were faced with spending $100k/yr for my kid to go to
         | college, I would strongly consider offering 5 tranches of
         | $50,000 that we would together invest in business ideas over
         | the next 5 years. Humanities and social sciences could be
         | learned in parallel, while trying to launch businesses that
         | bring value to the world.
         | 
         | The lessons learned would not be the same as those one learns
         | in college, and the social aspects would be very
         | different/lacking. This would clearly not work for all
         | teenagers, but for some, it could be a much better opportunity
         | and use of funds.
        
           | menaerus wrote:
           | People who can afford themselves going to private schools
           | have a reason why they prefer spending 100ks vs less.
           | Prestige schools gets you a prestige job so "It is almost
           | unimaginable that attending a private college could have a
           | positive expected value at that cost" isn't necessarily true.
        
             | apparent wrote:
             | The thing is, prestige and cost do not go hand in hand. The
             | most expensive schools are not the most prestigious. I
             | think Vanderbilt was the first school to hit the
             | ignominious milestone of $100,000/yr, and they're not Ivy
             | League, Ivy+, or perhaps even Ivy++ (if such a
             | classification existed).
        
         | lotsofpulp wrote:
         | > Now compare this to income differential. Starting grad income
         | is $80k(?). At 4% raise per year compared to 3.5% raise per
         | year for a non-college employee. Over 43 years.
         | 
         | I would not assume earning that much for 43 years.
        
         | insane_dreamer wrote:
         | Are you assuming $55k salary differential? ($80k for starting
         | graduate vs $35k for non-graduate)? That seems a bit high.
        
         | trashface wrote:
         | The 43 years of career is debatable. I got a CS degree in 1997
         | and worked for 18 years (non consecutively), but have been out
         | of work now for several years. It's quite possible those 18 are
         | the entirety of the earnings I will derive from my CS degree.
         | And people today have AI pressures I didn't have. Makes the
         | math quite a bit different.
        
       | daft_pink wrote:
       | I'm really shocked that everyone is running to cyclical
       | industrial/construction type jobs that are great in an economic
       | expansion, but awful in a downturn.
        
       | b3ing wrote:
       | With AI, h1b, other visa workers, and outsourcing it makes sense
       | they see it as a waste. Those things aren't going to change,
       | either.
        
       | rich_sasha wrote:
       | Meanwhile, China is churning out STEM graduates at breakneck
       | pace. Sure, not every single one is Nobel prize material, but 7
       | mainland China universities are now in Times' top 100, and
       | another 5 Hong Kong ones as well.
        
         | tokioyoyo wrote:
         | I'm still heavily subscribed to the idea that global access to
         | social media ruined the kids' expectations. Everything else is
         | downstream effects of unrealized expectations.
         | 
         | In Chinese/Japanese cultures, role models and parental
         | influence on education is still pretty huge. Japan is changing
         | a bit, but I think school systems are still strict enough to
         | keep it up. China is still a beast of its own.
        
       | wwalker2112 wrote:
       | Because they are not. If I was 18 years old right now, I'd be
       | going into a trade of some sort. No debt, immediately earning a
       | decent amount of money. AI will push even more kids towards this
       | route.
        
         | esperent wrote:
         | I'm Irish. The state _paid me_ to go to university, and I 've
         | paid it back many times over in taxes.
         | 
         | Whenever I hear about the cost of degrees in the US I feel like
         | I'm taking crazy pills.
         | 
         | It doesn't make sense, it's entirely inhumane and predatory to
         | loan that kind of money to a teenager, and there's no way I
         | would ever have gotten a degree if I lived there.
         | 
         | I tried being in debt once, for a far more modest amount than a
         | US degree, and it weighed on my subconscious the entire time.
        
       | blindriver wrote:
       | "Adjusted for inflation" concept is broken in this instance.
       | 
       | One of the reasons why inflation is so high is because college
       | costs have skyrocketed, so citing that they have increased after
       | taking into inflation is like circular logic.
       | 
       | Banks lent an unlimited amount of money to students because they
       | knew they couldn't discharge the debt in bankruptcy, and the
       | schools jacked up prices because they knew students had the
       | money. College costs more than doubled in a 10 years period but
       | the services or even the number of students enrolled didn't even
       | get without a ballpark of doubling. They just enriched themselves
       | off student loans.
       | 
       | The only way to fix this is to let student loans be dischargeable
       | from bankruptcy again, and let banks and colleges take the fall.
       | Right now it's another instance of us peons playing a game of
       | "heads you win, tails i lose."
        
       | anonzzzies wrote:
       | I went to uni to learn to learn. It helped that it was free, but
       | it was a rigorous education with formal proofs (starting in week
       | 1), proper research, scientific writing etc. Very few people will
       | learn that outside universities, and, while not strictly needed
       | for most jobs, it really helps as a tool to shut 'talkers' up to
       | this day. Socially it was good as well; got my first and second
       | project for my tiny company I set up in uni from the father's of
       | two study mates: the first project was 100k, the second 1.6m
       | (both guilders at time), so there is that; I would have never
       | known these people otherwise.
        
         | swydydct wrote:
         | Yeah I never get what these other comments are talking about
         | with college not being useful. I basically learned my
         | profession in college and now hire people who have done the
         | same thing.
        
       | anonym29 wrote:
       | There is nothing a college can teach you that you cannot learn
       | for free online. The social environment can be replicated for
       | free. You're not paying six figures for an education, you're
       | paying six figures for exactly two things:
       | 
       | 1. Someone to write lesson plans for you
       | 
       | 2. A piece of paper that tells the world you are capable of
       | conforming with the sometimes-frustrating impositions of an
       | institution for 4 years without making too much of a fuss in the
       | process
        
         | nrhrjrjrjtntbt wrote:
         | What you need is the exams! Maybe $1000 to sit a bunch of paper
         | or computer based exams in a hall. Teach yourself beforehand.
        
         | baq wrote:
         | > There is nothing a college can teach you that you cannot
         | learn for free online.
         | 
         | This is trivially false outside of some math, CS and sweng.
         | Even within IT learning networking at an above basic level
         | requires a well equipped lab.
        
       | 8f2ab37a-ed6c wrote:
       | Reminiscent of this thread talking about undergraduate-level
       | students mailing it in:
       | https://bsky.app/profile/jesbattis.bsky.social/post/3m6pvvko...
       | 
       | Is this not rational behavior? If, through grade inflation, the
       | only thing that matters to an employer is what school you went to
       | and that you completed it (the sheepskin effect), then isn't the
       | correct optimization to reduce wasting time on levers that won't
       | make any practical difference in the end?
       | 
       | Sure sure, there's the love of learning and the formation of the
       | well-rounded modern individual, but most people are much more
       | pragmatic than that.
       | 
       | They need to get in, get the piece of paper for the least effort,
       | get a job. Everything they need can be taught on the job or asked
       | to ChatGPT most likely anyway.
       | 
       | A Case Against Education
       | https://press.princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691174655/th...
       | was prophetic of this phenomenon years ago.
        
         | bombcar wrote:
         | Completely unironically your best bet is to get into a good
         | college, then do the minimum work needed to graduate and spend
         | al the rest of the time networking (read: partying).
        
           | 8f2ab37a-ed6c wrote:
           | Yep, meet as many people as you can who might later give you
           | a job or ask you to join their startup. Meet a potential
           | spouse, you're in the same social class, about the same age,
           | probably similar interests. You are alumni of the same
           | institution. Do sports, drink beers, learn social skills.
        
         | viccis wrote:
         | >Is this not rational behavior?
         | 
         | If you think the purpose of an education is _literally_ nothing
         | more than the diploma, then yeah sure.
         | 
         | If you think that I'm interviewing you for an entry SWE job
         | (yes, we do this still) and you think I'm going to hire you
         | because you hyperoptimized a compsci degree to minimize the
         | work and learning you had to do and maximized your GPA, then
         | you're going to blow the interview and wind up another person
         | on reddit scratching your head wondering why these mean
         | companies just don't want to give you your $125k software dev
         | job.
         | 
         | Obviously, you don't need a degree to learn enough to convince
         | me that you'll be a productive member of our team (or at least
         | good enough in the short term and productive after a few
         | months). But in my experience, the ones who half ass and
         | ChatGPT their way through college are almost never brilliant
         | polymaths. In my experience as a student years back and my
         | experience interviewing graduates now, those students breezed
         | through their courses and sought out more challenging learning
         | opportunities such as accelerated graduate courses, impressive
         | work within student organizations (for example, winning CTFs
         | competitions with their school's computer security group), etc.
         | And that all shows up on resumes and in interviews in a way
         | that's night and day vs the ones who got tricked into thinking
         | that the only purpose of an education is to get a paper.
        
           | 8f2ab37a-ed6c wrote:
           | I'm with you. In their position I did the most of the
           | educational opportunity I had, but then I didn't live in a
           | world where people told me my job would soon cease to exist
           | thanks to Claude and I spent every waking out flipping
           | through short form videos. I can't relate to what that does
           | to you.
        
             | viccis wrote:
             | This is part of the reason I make this point online. People
             | need to understand that there _are_ jobs available if you
             | do the work to make yourself valuable, especially if you
             | aren 't demanding high compensated FAANG roles right out
             | the gate. It's just that if you learn absolutely nothing
             | and will be hired to do shit work for a year or two until
             | you become baseline competent and will just leave as soon
             | as you can pass FAANG interviews, companies would rather
             | just pay people in developing countries like India or
             | Colombia. They'll do bad work and, in the case that they do
             | turn out to be great, leave to make more money. But at
             | least they cost 5x less (the US system of employer covered
             | healthcase isn't helping our workers' competitiveness in
             | this either!)
        
         | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
         | > If, through grade inflation, the only thing that matters to
         | an employer is what school you went to and that you completed
         | it (the sheepskin effect), then isn't the correct optimization
         | to reduce wasting time on levers that won't make any practical
         | difference in the end?
         | 
         | The reason I don't think this is rational at all is the amount
         | of work needed to "look good for employers" isn't really that
         | far off from the amount of work needed to understand and learn
         | the info well in the first place.
         | 
         | I used to do a lot of college hiring for software devs. We did
         | on-campus recruiting at a bunch of top universities, so sure,
         | the school you went to is inherently one factor in our hiring
         | process. But we also definitely cared about the grades you got,
         | especially in core CS courses. Most importantly, my on-campus
         | interviews were focused on things that someone should have
         | learned in their data structures and/or algorithms course (but
         | used examples that were as "real world" as possible). If you
         | didn't actually understand the material, we weren't going to
         | hire you.
        
         | heresie-dabord wrote:
         | > Is this not rational behavior?
         | 
         | Yes, and it is also demonstrated by the Flynn Effect. [1]
         | 
         | About "A Case Against Education": _Caplan draws on the latest
         | social science to show how the labor market values grades over
         | knowledge, and why the more education your rivals have, the
         | more you need to impress employers. He explains why graduation
         | is our society's top conformity signal, and why even the most
         | useless degrees can certify employability._
         | 
         | [1] _ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flynn_effect
        
       | Aperocky wrote:
       | Almost nobody seem to see college as a place where people can
       | develop the skills to learn _itself_? Did it get that bad?
       | 
       | It doesn't matter that I didn't remember how to do real analysis,
       | but I had that class, and I learned it at some point, the process
       | itself is exactly what happens in work - we'll learn new things,
       | use it for some time, and then almost forget it to learn the next
       | thing.
       | 
       | It doesn't have to be college, but there are a lot less
       | opportunity, freedom and guidance to do so elsewhere.
        
         | wvenable wrote:
         | Developing skills to learn is great but when one is struggling
         | to pay for housing, food, and other essentials then that
         | becomes a luxury that fewer and fewer can afford.
        
       | RomanPushkin wrote:
       | Don't forget it's free in some countries. My degree was 100%
       | free. And don't tell me it wasn't. There has been a lot of free
       | stuff in post-Soviet era. In Soviet Union people had more than
       | most of the folks who are pretty much jobless and desperate now
       | at the moment. My family gotten free 3br apartments from
       | government. My mom and dad were high school teachers.
        
         | cherrycherry98 wrote:
         | Nothing the government provides is free. It's paid for with
         | taxes that are forcefully collected and would have been spent
         | or invested privately otherwise. I'm not someone who's against
         | taxes but it's a myth and propaganda that the government can
         | just magically provide free stuff. I'm ok with the government
         | providing things but I want them to be honest about what the
         | costs are.
        
           | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
           | They are being honest, you're just being pedantic. The fact
           | that everyone pays taxes which ultimately pay for e.g.
           | socialized health care/insurance or college-level education
           | doesn't alter the fact that for the person receiving it, said
           | good comes with no invoice, which is a conventional meaning
           | of "free".
           | 
           | The fact that paying taxes is required of all members of the
           | community that organizes, collects and distributes resources
           | in this way doesn't change the relationship between the
           | person and the service _at the point of service_.
        
             | lurk2 wrote:
             | > The fact that paying taxes is required of all members of
             | the community that organizes, collects and distributes
             | resources in this way doesn't change the relationship
             | between the person and the service at the point of service.
             | 
             | That's irrelevant to the point the grandparent comment was
             | making, which is that these resources don't just fall out
             | of the sky and that "I got it for free and I liked getting
             | it for free," isn't a good basis for policy.
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | Anybody who imagines that the use of the term "free" in
               | connection these resources/services means that they fall
               | out of the sky should stay as far away from public policy
               | decisions as possible.
               | 
               | I went to school (K-BS(c)) in the UK, and it was entirely
               | normal to talk about that as "free", despite the fact
               | that in dozens of conversations my parents would discuss
               | the way in which their local taxes funded all of it,
               | including my university education. People are not that
               | stupid ...
        
             | chongli wrote:
             | If we're talking about social costs and social benefits
             | then it does matter. Different countries can have wildly
             | different costs for delivering the same education, an
             | education whose value to society (or lack thereof) needs to
             | be taken into account.
             | 
             | Whether an education is paid for by loans or by higher
             | taxes, the cost is ultimately borne by someone. In neither
             | case is it free and in both cases its cost-benefit
             | difference should be scrutinized.
        
           | viccis wrote:
           | >Nothing the government provides is free.
           | 
           | Yes it is. "Free" doesn't mean "has no cost paid by anyone"
           | and never has in these discussions. It means "at no cost to
           | the student".
           | 
           | Apologies if English isn't your first language.
        
             | baiwl wrote:
             | ...but there is cost to the student or their family. The
             | difference being that paying for it or not is not an
             | option. You can't just say "I won't go to uni, so I won't
             | pay for it"
        
               | viccis wrote:
               | By this definition, nothing is "free"; there is always
               | some cost, whether financial or otherwise. It's an absurd
               | bit of pedantry that does nothing but derail discussion.
               | Free tuition is free at the point of sale to the student,
               | just like the interstate I drive on sometimes is free to
               | use as compared to the toll roads, even though my taxes
               | paid for both. It's not complicated terminology.
        
             | DaSHacka wrote:
             | > It means "at no cost to the student".
             | 
             | and GP's whole point was that it is _not_ at no cost to the
             | student.
             | 
             | Apologies if reading comprehension isn't your strong suit.
        
               | viccis wrote:
               | The student does not participate in a transaction that
               | involves paying money in exchange for education. Taxes
               | are collected and allocated as seen fit by the state.
               | Students and others pay their taxes, but taxes are not
               | directly transactional.
               | 
               | Apologies if English isn't your first language.
        
             | lurk2 wrote:
             | > "Free" doesn't mean "has no cost paid by anyone" and
             | never has in these discussions.
             | 
             | Calling these programs "free" obfuscates the issue because
             | there are people (even college-educated people) who
             | genuinely believe the government can just make something
             | appear from nothing; they genuinely don't understand that
             | the resources have to come from somewhere, which means
             | someone else who does not necessarily benefit from the
             | program pays for it now or those benefitting from the
             | program have to pay for it later.
             | 
             | > Apologies if English isn't your first language.
             | 
             | I would encourage you to review the site guidelines. These
             | kinds of quips are discouraged here.
        
               | viccis wrote:
               | >there are people (even college-educated people) who
               | genuinely believe the government can just make something
               | appear from nothing
               | 
               | Untrue.
               | 
               | >These kinds of quips are discouraged here.
               | 
               | "Free" has a specific meaning in English, and someone who
               | doesn't speak it fluently might think that it means, for
               | example, "appearing from nothing". Whereas a fluent
               | English speaker of sound mind understands that "free"
               | refers to the price in a transaction. No one thinks that
               | the "free pizza" at an event was created at no cost to
               | anyone in the supply chain that brought it there. They
               | just understand that it means that they won't be charged
               | for consuming it. But for some reason, I never hear
               | people make a big deal about how "I can't believe you'd
               | say _free pizza_ when I _know_ that your organization had
               | to _pay_ for it! " It's always when it comes to
               | reactionary opposition to social services where this
               | simple word immediately becomes so much more nuanced and
               | impossible to comprehend for the layperson.
        
               | lurk2 wrote:
               | > Untrue.
               | 
               | You know these people exist. Try asking them where the
               | money is going to come from to finance this education and
               | see if more than 10% of them can explain it to you.
               | 
               | > "Free" has a specific meaning in English
               | 
               | You've made a few allusions to the idea that the people
               | pushing back on this reading of the word "free" speak
               | English as a second language when there's been no
               | indication that this is true; it's just something you're
               | saying to imply that these people are less intelligent
               | than you. I would again encourage you to read the site
               | guidelines. Posting like this is contrary to the spirit
               | of the forum.
               | 
               | > Whereas a fluent English speaker of sound mind
               | understands that "free" refers to the price in a
               | transaction.
               | 
               | The price for whom? If a parent pays for their child's
               | education, it would be very uncommon for the child to say
               | that his education was "free."
               | 
               | Similarly, state-funded education is free to the college
               | student. It's not free for taxpayers who don't attend the
               | college. They are a party to the transaction because they
               | are the ones paying for it.
        
             | yatopifo wrote:
             | TANSTAAFL
        
               | viccis wrote:
               | Obviously. But part of a democracy is voting on
               | politicians who will choose what resources are
               | distributed. Do you think "TANSTAAFL" every time you take
               | a road without paying a toll?
        
         | lurk2 wrote:
         | > And don't tell me it wasn't.
         | 
         | It wasn't, other people paid for it.
        
         | mantas wrote:
         | At the same time many families got a single room with shared
         | anemities. Even people in skilled positions. Just because they
         | got assigned to some factory which management didnt have as
         | good connections. Or preferred to pocket more than take care of
         | workers. Or didn't ended up in some location where central
         | government was putting in extra resources to make it more
         | desirable.
        
       | hk1337 wrote:
       | I think we, as a society, put way too much emphasis on everyone
       | going to a four-year college and now everyone has a degree and
       | they're basically useless.
       | 
       | A lot of people would likely have been better off going to a
       | trade school or going into a trade apprenticeship.
       | 
       | Parents should focus on helping their kids figure out what they
       | want to do and developing a path to achieve it. The path may take
       | them to university, a trade, or something else.
        
       | chokominto wrote:
       | Maybe, just maybe, universities shouldn't cost a fortune?..
        
       | willmadden wrote:
       | Objectively, universities function as indoctrination centers that
       | lower the reproductive rate of the most intelligent in the
       | population. They take women away from their support
       | networks/family, preoccupy them for four of their most fertile
       | years, and then saddle them with debt that ties them up for
       | another five to ten years. It's horribly dysgenic. At a minimum,
       | pregnancy during college should be encouraged, there should be
       | free daycare, and the college loan racket should be blown into a
       | million tiny pieces.
        
         | donkeybeer wrote:
         | Ask the women if they want to be dependent purely on their
         | family or man.
        
       | alanchen wrote:
       | I encourage everyone to read how Economists think about
       | education: Spencer's Job Market Signaling paper.
       | 
       | https://www.sfu.ca/~allen/Spence.pdf
       | 
       | It's not just about learning skills, but it's a natural and
       | rational mechanism to filter talents.
        
       | constantcrying wrote:
       | The problem is that no one can really articulate what the point
       | of higher education is.
       | 
       | If it were job training it would have to actually train students
       | for jobs. But neither is that "academic" in any sense of the word
       | nor actually practical in any way. University trains people to be
       | research scientists in the hope this helps them do some later
       | job.
       | 
       | If the goal were training students to be academics, then degree
       | requirements for most jobs are absolutely nonsensical and
       | universities admitting large percentages of the population would
       | be extremely counterproductive.
       | 
       | If the goal were a continued education to create "well rounded"
       | people, then why give that task to _university professors_ and
       | create a social environment where this is the least likely thing
       | to happen?
       | 
       | If the goal is networking, then why do all that academic research
       | stuff? Just play sports throughout the day.
        
       | apparent wrote:
       | The downward "is it worth it" trend over the last 12 years is
       | partly due to the continued upward climb of college tuition. Some
       | schools are now at $100,000/yr for tuition, room, and board. In
       | order for this to be "worth the cost" they would have to have a
       | strongly positive expected value in terms of future earnings.
       | 
       | And a positive EV isn't sufficient. It would also need to have a
       | very low chance of negative EV. Otherwise people would be crazy
       | to sink $400,000 into a degree that might or might not leave
       | their child with better job prospects in the future.
       | 
       | Of course, only the wealthy pay full price for college, but when
       | you ask people if college is worth the cost, they may be anchored
       | to those prices even if their own kids would end up paying less.
        
         | jillesvangurp wrote:
         | There's a simple and effective escape hatch: study abroad.
         | Europe, Australia, South America, Canada even. Some countries
         | are more affordable than others but the most expensive (by far)
         | option is staying in the US.
         | 
         | From the point of view of developing your brain, leaving your
         | country is a free education in itself. There is also the effect
         | of embedding yourself in a network of expats made up of the
         | best and brightest from countries all over the world. That all
         | comes on top of the education you receive. And if you are less
         | in it for the intellectual stuff and are more into drinking and
         | partying, college life in the US is pretty lame compared to
         | some university towns across the world. Cheaper, wilder,
         | better.
        
           | armchairhacker wrote:
           | I can vouch for studying abroad. But can you get loans and
           | scholarships for it as easily as studying at home? Even if
           | the university is free you must pay for food and housing.
        
             | deanishe wrote:
             | > Even if the university is free you must pay for food and
             | housing.
             | 
             | A one-person apartment in the local halls of residence
             | costs under EUR500/month here in DE. A room in a shared
             | flat costs a lot less.
        
               | chongli wrote:
               | Studying abroad in Canada is not nearly as affordable.
               | Tuition alone for international students here is
               | exorbitant ($40,000/year and up). We don't give any
               | subsidies whatsoever for international students. Instead,
               | we use their tuition fees to subsidize the tuition of our
               | domestic students.
        
               | phatfish wrote:
               | Yeah, Germany must be one of the few still attracting
               | foreign students with no/low fees? I know a lot of
               | courses have teaching in English, landing a job
               | afterwards needs fluent German though.
               | 
               | I wonder how long it will last? UK Universities are now
               | for rich foreigners only. It does mean great options for
               | Chinese food near student halls though.
        
               | armchairhacker wrote:
               | That can still be too much. Someone studying abroad
               | usually isn't allowed to work, so they're making zero
               | income. If they come from a poor family, they have almost
               | if not zero reserves. So everything must be either
               | provided by the college or covered by grants/loans.
               | 
               | Except some universities may allow foreign students to
               | take on-campus jobs, which would probably pay enough. Or
               | for a PhD, usually the university pays you.
        
             | donohoe wrote:
             | Yes - for those coming from USA. Most colleges in EU are
             | part of the US student loan program, through Netherlands
             | appears to be dropping it
        
           | Workaccount2 wrote:
           | There is an actually easy an effective escape hatch right
           | here in the US:
           | 
           | Community college to state school path.
           | 
           | You can get a full bachelors degree for ~$35k. All four
           | years, $35k. Not per year. Full degree. $35k.
           | 
           | And that's before any scholarships or grants.
           | 
           | Kids and parents are just insane though, and want to flex
           | about the college they are going to from day one. Its become
           | a ritualistic practice with social shame attached to going to
           | community school.
           | 
           |  _Even though the end result is exactly the same_.
        
             | pavluha wrote:
             | If I remember that right. It is not that easy to get into
             | the state school in our state. UW engineering departments
             | required GPA 4.0 last year. Kids who had GPA 3.9 or less
             | had 0 chances getting into the UW engineering schools.
        
             | phatfish wrote:
             | A degree from the "right" college surely helps for certain
             | firms? Sure, it must be a small number of top ones as most
             | can't afford to be that choosy about their candidates.
             | 
             | Whether that is a sensible strategy for the firm (a
             | candidate bias towards those who can pay the top college
             | fees) is another question.
        
           | wslh wrote:
           | The university is the signal. Studying at Stanford or MIT
           | gives you a better (professional) future in the US, while the
           | average American doesn't know universities such as the
           | L'Ecole polytechnique, UNAM, or UBA exist. They will clearly
           | hire from the top US ranked ones.
        
           | thatfrenchguy wrote:
           | > There's a simple and effective escape hatch: study abroad.
           | Europe, Australia, South America, Canada even. Some countries
           | are more affordable than others but the most expensive (by
           | far) option is staying in the US.
           | 
           | I mean, good luck finding a job in the US when your degree is
           | not from the us (or maybe Canada). Most industries don't hire
           | folks with overseas degrees.
        
         | nkrisc wrote:
         | > Of course, only the wealthy pay full price for college, but
         | when you ask people if college is worth the cost, they may be
         | anchored to those prices even if their own kids would end up
         | paying less.
         | 
         | They're paying less, but they can also only afford to pay less.
         | 
         | I went to college with many people who were paying heavily
         | reduced tuition rates and it was still a significant financial
         | burden for them.
         | 
         | So even if the expected value of the degree is high in the long
         | run, the downside risk is immediate financial ruin.
        
           | fintechjock wrote:
           | Correct.
           | 
           | It is also worth noting that the non-wealthy pay for higher
           | education in two ways: first through tuition, and second
           | through the taxes required to fund the very programs that
           | provided their "discount."
        
           | h2zizzle wrote:
           | If rich families had to take on the same financial burden as
           | middle class and poor families, they would be paying millions
           | in tuition.
           | 
           | Which, honestly, isn't that bad of an idea. Means-testing for
           | everyone.
        
         | LanceH wrote:
         | > only the wealthy pay full price for college
         | 
         | This is one of those things that may technically be correct,
         | but only because colleges are giving out tiny $500/yr
         | scholarships to practically everyone.
        
         | ojosilva wrote:
         | As far as the data goes, adjusted for inflation, tuition and
         | fees have eased up in the last ~5 years [1]. But overall,
         | college enrollment has been going down anyway [2], except for
         | 2025, where it hints at a slight rebound.
         | 
         | So I'd say we have to consider the full set of drivers that can
         | correlate: overall rising cost of living making it very
         | expensive to be at a university full-time, general labor market
         | sentiment which is mostly down since covid, interest rates and
         | debt risk which are still high despite recent cuts, etc.
         | 
         | 1. https://www.nbcnews.com/news/education/college-costs-
         | working...
         | 
         | 2. https://educationdata.org/college-enrollment-statistics
        
         | boplicity wrote:
         | Some schools are $100k/year for room, board, and tuition, and
         | yet those expensive schools are very much optional. It's a red
         | herring to point them out.
         | 
         | There are still affordable schools. And staying in a dorm with
         | expensive room and board remains optional at many institutions.
         | Heck, some people still live with their parents.
         | 
         | The state school I went to is still just around $10k/year
         | tuition, and I got a broad education that opened many doors for
         | me. (I was in the humanities, but there are very good science
         | programs there as well.)
         | 
         | Of course it's crazy to sink $400k into a degree for most
         | people. And for many, many people, it is completely un-
         | necessary! You can still get a relatively affordable 4 year
         | degree.
        
       | ggambetta wrote:
       | My degree was 5 years back in the day. Was it worth it? Maybe,
       | probably. But these days people seem to get a bachelor's and a
       | master's in 5 years, and it kind of pisses me off to have that CV
       | disadvantage when my degree could have effectively been that (the
       | last two years were full of electives to choose a narrower
       | specialization, and was much more research-y).
        
         | jghn wrote:
         | There is no way that you got that degree recent enough such
         | that the years matter. An undergrad/master degree really only
         | matters for the first, perhaps second job. After that, your
         | experience and ability is what matters.
        
       | t0lo wrote:
       | *some
        
       | zkmon wrote:
       | Education in modern times is only about training and certifying
       | workforce so that employers can easily filter the prospective
       | employees.
       | 
       | If that training and certification can be made available via
       | other easier means, that's the end of brick-mortar universities
       | with grand campuses. The dinosaur has to evolve into a bird.
        
       | kopirgan wrote:
       | IIRC Mark Andreessen once said colleges esp ivy league ones,
       | simplify the job of recruiters by acting as filters. Saves them
       | the bother. So they attached lots of value.
       | 
       | I guess that's true even now but in a perverse sort of way. As
       | markers of indoctrination and unsuitability for productive
       | corporate roles.
       | 
       | Employers probably decided to avoid them.
       | 
       | That's not fair to a large number of students but the old system
       | of colleges being markers of intelligence, suitability etc was
       | not fair to large number of others either..
        
         | armchairhacker wrote:
         | Do you know any employers actively avoiding students from Ivy-
         | league colleges?
         | 
         | I agree that colleges have acted as filters, but the value of
         | degrees has been deflated, even in Ivy leagues, because they're
         | easier and more common. I think a degree still acts as a filter
         | though; getting a job is hard with a degree but nearly
         | impossible without.
         | 
         | EDIT: There's the Thiel fellowship, which requires not having a
         | degree, but I'm not aware of other such opportunities. Early
         | work experience looks better to some employers than university,
         | but that requires getting a job in the first place.
        
           | walthamstow wrote:
           | I don't know about actively avoiding, but I have worked for
           | multiple companies in London who prefer not to hire at the
           | 'top' end of candidates (hence hiring me!), because they'll
           | cost more and can have cultural issues like not be very fun
           | people or thinking themselves to be above the self-taught and
           | weird-career guys who didn't get a first from Imperial.
        
             | kopirgan wrote:
             | There's lot of anecdotal chatter and also mainstream media
             | coverage on this.. It's a genuine concern.
             | 
             | But bigger issue is in USA where general jobless numbers
             | are lower, with several sectors facing shortages, why is
             | there the issue of grad unemployment at all.
             | 
             | The correct answer is important because politicians are
             | filling the vacuum with false narratives to suit their
             | base.
        
           | kopirgan wrote:
           | I don't "know" that's why I said guess. I doubt if they'll
           | ever say this. Even in today's USA.
           | 
           | But there's enough SM comments to make a guess.
        
           | nemo44x wrote:
           | I was a hiring manager at a company that didn't recruit from
           | top universities for strategic reasons. In short we were
           | smaller and a startup so it would have been difficult to
           | compete. As we grew we had a presence at university job fairs
           | but still avoided the top schools.
           | 
           | Similarly we avoided engineers from the Bay Area due to cost
           | concerns.
           | 
           | The company was also a pioneer in the distributed work
           | environment. A decade before Covid. So that opened a huge
           | market for recruitment at that time.
        
           | csa wrote:
           | > Do you know any employers actively avoiding students from
           | Ivy-league colleges?
           | 
           | Yes.
           | 
           | The Ivy grads are often considered over-qualified (rightly or
           | wrongly). Especially for government positions that don't
           | normally hire elite school grads and smallish local/regional
           | businesses.
           | 
           | I know plenty of people who work in different government
           | positions (federal, state, local) who will not hire grads
           | from an elite schools (Ivy, Stanford, Berkeley, etc.) because
           | they think something must be wrong with them ("why would they
           | apply for _this_ job?"), or they think that the applicant
           | will jump ship at the first opportunity.
           | 
           | I agree that those can both be issues, but I'm not sure those
           | issues are limited to or are more likely in elite school
           | grads.
           | 
           | I've certainly seen situations in which elite school grads
           | have worked at an org that didn't normally hire any of them,
           | and the quality and quantity of work produced caused there to
           | be some tough conversations in terms of standards and
           | evaluations (they basically "crushed the curve"). In the two
           | cases I'm most familiar with, the people in question were
           | relatively non-ambitious female employees who just cranked
           | out high quality work. They took those jobs because they were
           | decent jobs near their respective families. In both cases,
           | the companies had bittersweet feelings when said employees
           | left --- they lost productivity, but they no longer had the
           | manage outlier performers.
           | 
           | One of these ladies left her job to become a stay at home
           | mom. The other joined a more prestigious privately-held
           | company who seemed to know how to harness her abilities (she
           | moved up quickly).
           | 
           | So... it happens.
        
       | lgleason wrote:
       | It would be interesting to see if the job prospects of American
       | students and perception of the value of the degrees were to
       | change if they were to eliminate the 15% discount that employers
       | get for hiring foreign graduates (via OPT) by not having to pay
       | FICA taxes.
       | 
       | When the unemployment rate for fresh American college grads is
       | the same or higher than those without a degree, it does not make
       | a compelling case for spending all of that money and time on a
       | degree.
        
       | ZeroGravitas wrote:
       | Polls really need to start adding filter questions like "Do
       | vaccines work?" "Did humans evolve from small mammals?" because
       | some people not believing something works is actually a positive
       | signal.
       | 
       | Are there problems in Higher Ed? Almost certainly. Are changes to
       | the situation driven by the "vaccines don't work crowd" likely to
       | make things even worse for everyone? Oh yes.
        
       | xzjis wrote:
       | While Western countries are making education increasingly
       | private, expensive, and accessible only to the elite, in China,
       | free education accessible to all is training engineers who then
       | go on to work for companies that outperform those of other
       | countries.
        
       | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
       | It seems mainly to be about cost, as opposed to opportunity.
       | College tuition inflation is _insane_.
       | 
       | When it came time for me, I couldn't even come close to affording
       | college (in 1981). Long story, but there were many challenges to
       | address.
       | 
       | I didn't want to accept financial support from my family (see
       | "long story," above), but I did let them co-sign a government-
       | backed student loan for $6,000, for a two-year, full-time trade
       | school (which seemed outrageously expensive, back then).
       | 
       | Took ten years to repay, but I never regretted it.
        
       | markus_zhang wrote:
       | IMO most of the stuffs in colleges can be self taught nowadays so
       | the only two benefits are 1) that piece of paper and 2)
       | networking. And good network only exists for certain colleges so
       | for the majority out there it's just that piece of paper.
        
         | numbsafari wrote:
         | Most of stuffs can, indeed. But how many have actually done so?
         | 
         | Like most investments in yourself, you get out of it what you
         | put into it.
        
           | markus_zhang wrote:
           | Yeah that's true. But a paid education doesn't provide too
           | much motivation anyway. College education is stuffed with
           | unnecessary courses not everyone needs but you have to take
           | anyway.
           | 
           | Like any business. The only valuable thing is that paper and
           | network (that is if it's a top 50 school).
        
             | numbsafari wrote:
             | I didn't take a single unnecessary course.
             | 
             | The course I took on Literature of the Apocalypse, in fall
             | of 1999, is probably one you would say is unnecessary. It
             | has proven quite valuable as I learned how to read a lot, a
             | lot more quickly. I learned how to write quickly as well. I
             | also learned a lot about an important aspect of our
             | cultural and political context, as western society is
             | dominated by doomsday cults (especially the atheistic ones,
             | everyone's got a utopia they are trying to sell in order to
             | get you to sacrifice your life for them).
        
         | insane_dreamer wrote:
         | That's true, but without that piece of paper you're not getting
         | past the hiring filters to even hope of landing an interview to
         | showcase your skills to even get the lowest entry level job
         | that's not flipping burgers. A college degree is the new high
         | school degree.
        
       | nikanj wrote:
       | Four-year anything is not seen as worth the cost, when every
       | platform firehoses you with stories about people who became
       | billionaires in 7 months.
       | 
       | Being long degeneracy [1] is the number one strategy right now
       | 
       | 1: https://oldcoinbad.com/p/long-degeneracy
        
       | peterlada wrote:
       | In unrelated news: China graduates more engineers then ever
       | before.
        
       | bojangleslover wrote:
       | Supply and demand. It's no surprise that when we had 10% of
       | people going to university in the 1960's and now we have over
       | 38.8% [1] that the economic value of a degree seems to be getting
       | watered down.
       | 
       | No different than any other form of inflation from the government
       | blowing on the fire (subsidizing with money) without adding any
       | actual fuel (intrinsic value). Just like housing and healthcare.
       | 
       | [1] https://educationdata.org/education-attainment-
       | statistics#:~...
        
         | immibis wrote:
         | A degree isn't SUPPOSED to be an arbitrary differentiator. It's
         | supposed to signal that you know a certain thing because you
         | studied it for 4 years. Whether that's currently true in
         | America I couldn't say.
        
           | Workaccount2 wrote:
           | The problem is the funneling of dispassionate kids into
           | college who just pick something and then game their way as
           | much as possible to that piece of paper.
           | 
           | Employers want passionate and self-motivated workers, instead
           | they have gotten a mountain of applicants who routinely
           | forget everything they crammed the moment the test is over.
        
         | weakfish wrote:
         | Can we name this "HN's Law," where any thread remotely related
         | to economics will have someone attributing everything to supply
         | and demand?
        
       | nemo44x wrote:
       | The 4-year college isn't a bad system but it has been asked to do
       | a job for which it wasn't intended. Many people just want an
       | opportunity to develop useful skills within the context of a
       | modern corporate business. Modern corporate businesses want a way
       | to filter and sort potential employees for skills and readiness.
       | 
       | The four-year college isn't good at either of these as it wasn't
       | intended for this. I don't think the trade school model is quite
       | right for this (there's lots of soft skills to be learned) but
       | it's closer than the 4-year.
        
       | dan-robertson wrote:
       | Maybe one thing to keep in mind is that there are a big range of
       | colleges in the US. If you go to a poorly regarded party school
       | then probably you have a good time and maybe even get some useful
       | connections out of it, but the main advantage is presumably being
       | able to check the 'college degree' box when applying to
       | relatively ordinary jobs. If you go to Harvard then (a) you pay
       | much less if you have limited means and (b) your future prospects
       | are probably significantly better from the experience (this is a
       | bit complicated - a lot of the good outcomes are due to capable
       | and ambitious inputs so the direct benefit of the degree is more
       | limited).
       | 
       | It is easy to read something about one subset of universities
       | while subconsciously thinking of a different subset (eg all
       | universities vs well-known / highly regarded / similar ones to
       | your own).
       | 
       | When some survey says that people no longer see the value in the
       | degree, it obviously doesn't mean that no college is worth it.
       | 
       | Another thing: a lot of recent wage growth was in the lower end
       | of the income distribution so better alternatives is part of the
       | decreased desirability of college.
        
         | chongli wrote:
         | The signalling hypothesis (of Bryan Caplan [1]) lurks within
         | your two premises. Neither the poorly regarded party school nor
         | Harvard add much in the way of human capital. What both do is
         | act as honest signals of intelligence, ability,
         | conscientiousness, and resourcefulness (including family
         | resources). These are extremely valuable indicators for
         | prospective employers who are otherwise prohibited (by law)
         | from asking or testing these directly and punished (through
         | wasted wages, training costs, benefits) for making a mistake.
         | 
         | In the past it was much cheaper to train people on the job
         | because wages and benefits were much lower. Higher education
         | has driven up wages and benefit costs (through inflation and
         | cost disease), thus cementing higher education's position as a
         | gatekeeper.
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Case_Against_Education?wpr...
        
       | UltraSane wrote:
       | We need to bring back apprenticeships. They are the most
       | effective method of transferring knowledge.
        
       | swydydct wrote:
       | I'm not in CS, so maybe it's different, but I don't know how we
       | can expect to get skilled biologists, mechanical engineers,
       | psychologists, etc without something that's very similar to the
       | 4-year degree.
        
         | maxlybbert wrote:
         | I'm not sure American universities are still issuing things
         | similar to 1990s 4-year degrees. They issue documents claiming
         | to be degrees, but the quality has dropped, and they aren't
         | what they used to be.
        
       | ChicagoDave wrote:
       | This was the intended result in the 80's when Reagan destroyed
       | public college subsidies.
       | 
       | White rich people hated competition from poor and brown people.
       | That whole even playfield thing was their nightmare.
       | 
       | Ask the rich families if college degrees are still important.
       | You'll get a different answer.
        
       | lvl155 wrote:
       | College is still worth it for maybe the top 100 schools
       | especially well-funded state schools. Why? Because people still
       | get hired based on such a connection alone. Think about Waterloo.
       | It's a mediocre school with a strong pipeline to SV. You wanna
       | end up at SV but didn't study hard in high school or just weren't
       | smart enough for MIT/Stanford? Go to Waterloo.
        
       | NickC25 wrote:
       | truth told nothing in American society is truly worth the cost.
       | especially with rampant inflation.
       | 
       | we've allowed capitalists and rent-seekers into our educational
       | system and it's nigh impossible to root them out. same goes for
       | healthcare, housing, etc.
        
       | earlyreturns wrote:
       | Why pay to get a degree in the US when you are competing for jobs
       | not based on merit or qualifications? I can see why those in
       | h1b'd industries like cs don't see any point, and those are the
       | industries where the most jobs and money have historically been.
       | As goes the STEM labor market so goes the market for stuff like
       | accounting, communications, sociology. A fair and secure labor
       | market is a necessary condition for higher education to pay off.
       | American workers compete for jobs with a global workforce,
       | therefore American universities must be cost competitive with
       | those in India, China, etc.... Tenure is like tarrifs, the cost
       | of protectionism is paid by the consumer.
        
         | thinkingtoilet wrote:
         | I work for a small Us-based med-tech company that is growing.
         | We are paring down our offshore devs and hiring only US based
         | devs now. I can assure you that if you have a good school on
         | your resume it puts you at the top of the list. All things
         | being equal, if you went to University of Vermont (like I did)
         | and and someone else when to Harvard, you better believe I'm
         | interviewing the Harvard kid first.
         | 
         | >Why pay to get a degree in the US when you are competing for
         | jobs not based on merit or qualifications?
         | 
         | This is one of those things that people just say and while of
         | course there are issues with our current system, this provably
         | false and patently absurd. Do you not do a technical interview
         | for new devs? You don't check their merit or qualifications?
         | You just do a lottery? It's frustrating to hear comments like
         | this because it reeks of people thinking they're so smart while
         | ignoring reality.
        
       | standardUser wrote:
       | The question actually asks "...worth the cost because people have
       | a better chance to get a good job and earn more money over their
       | lifetime".
       | 
       | The value of college to me was mostly social and intellectual,
       | not economic. It's an irreplicable experience. There's certainly
       | some logic to skipping that experience, but I couldn't recommend
       | it.
        
       | softwaredoug wrote:
       | I find this stage is more important for social development than
       | intellectual development. An early adult stage where you go some
       | place away from home in a relatively easy, same aged social
       | experience, with people of diverse backgrounds is a net social
       | good.
       | 
       | There are other ways of getting the same thing. Like if your
       | country has some kind of compulsory service.
       | 
       | But maybe let's stop pretending college is just about the
       | intellectual stuff and see it as a social good.
        
       | estimator7292 wrote:
       | Capitalists have sucked all available liquid assets from the
       | economy and are shocked-- _shocked_ to learn what happens when
       | people don 't have enough money to buy non-essentials.
       | 
       | Look forward to an article like this about every economic sector
       | every few months
        
       | 65 wrote:
       | My theory is public state schools will become much more
       | prestigious, as non extremely rich kids will find spending $75k
       | on tuition to just not be worth it when you can go to your local
       | state flagship for a fraction of the price. Plus, most of the
       | most prestigious schools in other countries are public schools
       | (e.g. UT and UBC in Canada, Oxford and Cambridge in the UK).
       | 
       | As an example, when I went to college tuition prices were already
       | ridiculous. I got in to some good schools but ended up going to
       | my local state flagship purely because of price. I was able to
       | pay off all my loans and have a good job as a software engineer.
       | Compared to my brother who went to a private school, he is 3
       | years older than me and makes the same amount of money as me, and
       | is still paying off his loans.
       | 
       | Of course where I live in NYC there's still this smugness from
       | those private university grads when they hear where I went to
       | school. As though the US News and World Report rankings are some
       | kind of way of deciding your self worth. Wow, you school is
       | ranked #36 and mine at #42? You must be a smarter and more
       | valuable person than me! Except... we work at the same place and
       | live in the same area. But I don't have any loans to pay. I guess
       | for some people it's not about the cost.
        
       | matt-p wrote:
       | They're absolutely not, but I think 18 is also young to go into
       | the workplace straight from school.
       | 
       | I think the most valuable things I learned from my degree were
       | about myself and how to work well with others, manage my time
       | that kind of thing.
       | 
       | We kind of need 1 year collage degrees.
        
       | thelastgallon wrote:
       | College is for partying. It is the right age to party, raging
       | hormones and all that. Frats, sororities. It is the most fun/$.
       | Escape out of parents control. Do what you want with whoever you
       | want. Anybody looking for education is looking at the wrong
       | place, most everything is available to self-learn.
        
       | mullingitover wrote:
       | Peter Thiel seen rubbing his greasy palms together at this news.
       | It wouldn't be surprising to learn that he somehow engineered
       | this poll himself.
       | 
       | Thiel and his ilk are eager to shove the US back into feudalism,
       | with themselves at the top like some kind of warmed-over Borgia
       | family. An educated populace that is capable of operating a
       | democracy competently is absolutely intolerable for them.
        
       | user294812092 wrote:
       | We need to spend so much on healthcare and education that we can
       | no longer afford our wars and imperial misadventures
        
       | tanin wrote:
       | The fact that the student debt crisis is going on shows that
       | colleges are not worth it. If it was, most would have been able
       | to pay it back.
       | 
       | My impression is, unless you can get into a top X college, it
       | isn't worth it.
       | 
       | This also depends on the cost of course. My university in
       | Thailand back then was 1,000 USD per year, so that seems worth
       | it, even tho it isn't in the top 20.
        
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