[HN Gopher] Student Perceptions of AI Coding Assistants in Learning
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       Student Perceptions of AI Coding Assistants in Learning
        
       Author : victorbuilds
       Score  : 45 points
       Date   : 2025-11-29 18:14 UTC (4 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (arxiv.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (arxiv.org)
        
       | bgwalter wrote:
       | It is notable that so many publications try to salvage "AI"
       | ("need for new pedagogical approaches that integrate AI
       | effectively") rather than ditch "AI" completely.
       | 
       | The world worked perfectly before 2023, there is no need to
       | outsource information retrieval or thinking.
        
         | Wowfunhappy wrote:
         | The world worked perfectly before 1982, there is no need for
         | the internet.
         | 
         | (...I actually kind of think this. "Kind of" being the key
         | word.)
        
           | awesome_dude wrote:
           | God no.
           | 
           | Speaking as someone that communicates primarily through text
           | (high likelihood of Autism) the internet was the first chance
           | a lot of us had to ... speak.. and be heard
        
             | deadbabe wrote:
             | That's not a problem that generalizes to the broader
             | population. We don't really need internet.
        
               | awesome_dude wrote:
               | Screw the broader population I can speak now dammit!!!!!
        
               | danaris wrote:
               | In other words "disabled people can suck it, because I
               | don't care about their lives or experiences"?
               | 
               | We often fall short, but as a society we do _try_ to make
               | sure we 're accommodating disabled people when we make
               | big changes in our systems.
        
               | awesome_dude wrote:
               | Just FTR - I read them as being facetious
        
               | danaris wrote:
               | Poe's Law applies.
               | 
               | There are far, far too many people who genuinely think
               | disabled people should just disappear or die for it to be
               | "safe" to be facetious about that without a clear sarcasm
               | indicator.
        
               | fn-mote wrote:
               | I disagree.
               | 
               | People have a need to be heard and understood. That's
               | half of what we are doing here posting.
               | 
               | Many ("not disabled") people don't fit in with their
               | local peer group / society. The internet gave them a way
               | to connect with other like-minded individuals.
               | 
               | Do I need to give examples? Let's say: struggling with a
               | rare disease.
        
               | Wowfunhappy wrote:
               | But on the other end you have genocide triggered by
               | Facebook. You can't speak if you're dead.
               | 
               | Perhaps some of that violence would have happened anyway.
               | I don't know how it all nets out.
        
             | sukhdeepprashit wrote:
             | I swear this place is like the I'm so special olympics now
             | might as well go to reddit
        
               | manmal wrote:
               | Not much has changed, only people get diagnosed now. I
               | think GP makes actually a good point that, with all its
               | downsides, there are also net positive upsides to the
               | internet.
        
               | bad_haircut72 wrote:
               | there are upsides but I dont know if its net upside. In
               | this particular example, communicating by text - letter
               | writing has existed for millenia and has arguably
               | degraded considerably in this age of instant messaging
        
               | awesome_dude wrote:
               | Sorry, i know it's a bit "flavour of the month" but I
               | mentioned it because I have a difficulty communicating
               | face to face, which is common amongst a certain group of
               | people, and I figured that mentioning it would help
               | people understand my thinking.
        
             | bad_haircut72 wrote:
             | Why couldn't you write letters instead of texting?
        
               | awesome_dude wrote:
               | I didn't have your mailing address :P
        
           | srpinto wrote:
           | Ah yes, the perfect world we had when governments could get
           | away with anything because the press was not enough to
           | showcase their attrocities. A beautiful, perfect world, with
           | rubella and a global population living in extreme poverty
           | close to 50% (compared to today's 10%).
           | 
           | I see this mentality almost exclusively in americans and/or
           | anglo people in general, it's incredible... if you're not
           | that, I guess you're just too young or completely isolated
           | from reality and I wish you the best in the ongoing western
           | collapse.
           | 
           | (... I actually wish you're joking and I didn't catch it,
           | though).
        
             | daseiner1 wrote:
             | last sentence in your first paragraph has nothing to do
             | with the current state of the internet and certainly not
             | AI. first sentence? turns out governments can still get
             | away with pretty much anything and propaganda is easier
             | than ever.
        
               | pessimizer wrote:
               | > propaganda is easier than ever.
               | 
               | It is so much harder now. There are people who are
               | willfully ignorant now, almost proud to be; snooty about
               | it. But it's impossible for governments and institutions
               | to lie like they used to be able to. People are trading
               | primary source documents online within the day.
               | 
               | It's why the popularity of long-ruling institutional
               | parties is dropping everywhere, and why the measures to
               | stop people from communicating and to monitor what
               | they're saying are becoming more and more draconian and
               | desperate.
        
         | rezz wrote:
         | Why stop there? We could do long division before the calculator
         | and hand write before the typewriter.
        
           | maplethorpe wrote:
           | I do wonder if the calculator would have been as successful
           | if it regularly delivered wrong answers.
        
             | Bootvis wrote:
             | It does if you're a clumsy operator and those are not rare.
        
               | pfortuny wrote:
               | Yes, but the machine itself is deterministic and
               | logically sound.
        
               | ramesh31 wrote:
               | >Yes, but the machine itself is deterministic and
               | logically sound.
               | 
               | Because arithmetic itself, by definition, is.
               | 
               | Human language is not. Which is why being able to talk to
               | our computers in natural language (and have them
               | understand us and talk back) now is nothing short of
               | science fiction come true.
        
               | maplethorpe wrote:
               | Even worse is if it's in the other room and your fingers
               | can't reach the keys. It delivers no answers at all!
        
               | Bootvis wrote:
               | My point is, needing to use something with care doesn't
               | prevent it becoming from wildly successful. LLM's are
               | wrong way more often but are also more versatile than a
               | calculator.
        
             | analog31 wrote:
             | My typerwriter delivered wrong answers.
        
             | ashu1461 wrote:
             | Google is successful and it's page rank algorithm also does
             | not deliver correct results all the times.
        
               | pessimizer wrote:
               | There's no such thing as a correct result to a search
               | query. It certainly delivered exactly what was asked for,
               | a grep of the web, sorted by number of incoming links.
               | 
               | They also don't use it at all anymore, they barely even
               | care about your search query.
               | 
               | Google is successful, however, because they innovated
               | once, and got enough money together as a result to buy
               | Doubleclick. Combining their one innovation with the ad
               | company they bought enabled them to buy other companies.
        
           | walt_grata wrote:
           | Did you learn how to do long division in schools? I did, and
           | I wasn't allowed to use calculators on a test until I was in
           | highschool and basic math wasn't what was being taught or
           | evaluated.
        
             | moregrist wrote:
             | I also learned long division in school.
             | 
             | I was allowed to use a calculator from middle school
             | onward, when we were being tested on algebra and beyond and
             | not arithmetic.
             | 
             | Some schools have ridiculous policies. Some don't. Ymmv. I
             | don't think that's changed from when I was in school.
        
         | ako wrote:
         | Where is this perfect world you're speaking of? Surely not the
         | one we're living in...
        
       | dcre wrote:
       | Interesting to see quotes but note N=20 and the methodology
       | doesn't seem all that rigorous. I didn't see anything that wasn't
       | exactly what you would expect to hear.
        
       | taurath wrote:
       | I am not a student and I wonder often whether we fill in
       | memorization for the idea of learning, as though it's somehow
       | more valuable to be able to write valid syntax from memory on a
       | blank file than it is to know and practice the broader strokes of
       | abstractions, operators, readability and core concepts which make
       | up good software craftsmanship.
       | 
       | Sometimes I'm doing something in a new to me language, using an
       | LLM to give me a head start on structure and to ask questions
       | about conventions and syntax, and wondering to myself how much
       | I'm missing had I started just by reading the first half of a
       | book on the language. I think I probably would take a lot longer
       | to do anything useful, but I'd probably also have a deeper
       | understanding of what I know and don't know. But then, I can just
       | as easily discover those fundamental concepts to a language via
       | the right prompt. So am I learning? Am I somehow fooling myself?
       | How?
        
         | jjmarr wrote:
         | Because not everyone can truly be great at their craft, but
         | everyone can memorize syntax.
         | 
         | Schools compromise their curriculum so that every student has a
         | chance in the interests of fairness.
        
           | tehjoker wrote:
           | You have to know the basics to build higher level knowledge
           | and skills. What's the use of high level book learning
           | without the ability to operationalize it
        
         | thomasahle wrote:
         | I'm not sure we really know how much of learning is
         | memorization. As we memorize more stuff, we find patterns to
         | compress it and memorize more efficiently.
        
           | raincole wrote:
           | Sounds awfully like machine learning, doesn't it?
        
             | mjburgess wrote:
             | No, because ML is compression via interpolation and does
             | not imply decompression.
        
             | throwaway31131 wrote:
             | That's an interesting idea.
             | 
             | But the magic is in the "find patterns" stuff as
             | memorization is just data storage. If you think of the
             | machine learning algorithms as assigning items a point in a
             | space, then it does uncover neighbors, sometimes ones we
             | might not expect, and that's interesting for sure.
             | 
             | But I'm not sure it's analogous to what people do when they
             | uncover patterns.
             | 
             | Definitely interesting to ponder though.
        
         | jeltz wrote:
         | Which school teaches programming as memorization? My school,
         | KTH in Sweden, did not. I feel you may be trying to solve an
         | already solved problem.
        
         | j45 wrote:
         | Testing Regurgitation on concepts or process is a large part of
         | what learning is too often the case.
        
           | fn-mote wrote:
           | You should only use the word learning (without scare quotes)
           | if it's something you believe is learning.
           | 
           | One of the first precepts of ML is that "memorization is not
           | learning".
           | 
           | Learning is generalization, application to new circumstances.
           | 
           | Schooling might not have learning as a product, but that's a
           | different problem.
        
             | j45 wrote:
             | I'm referring to students learning in school, relative to
             | student perceptions of their learning experience in using
             | early stage coding assistants.
        
       | awongh wrote:
       | > Automatic creation of an initial billboard: Upon starting the
       | program, a predefined list of movies currently showing must be
       | automatically generated, including their details (title, genre,
       | duration, and showtimes).
       | 
       | I would say that these results might be relevant for a university
       | CS program setting, but I would make the distinction between this
       | and actually learning to program.
       | 
       | The context of this task is definitely a very contrived "Let's
       | learn OOP" assignment that, for example, just tires to cram in
       | class inheritance without really justifying it's use in the
       | software that's being built. It's a lazy kind of curriculum
       | building that doesn't actually tell the students about OOP.
       | 
       | In that sense it's no wonder that AI is not that helpful in the
       | context of the assignment and learning.
       | 
       | I wouldn't chalk this up to "AI doesn't help you learn". I would
       | put this in the category of, _in an overly academic assignment
       | with contrived goals, AI doesn 't help the student accomplish the
       | goals of the course_. That conclusion could be equally applied to
       | French literature 102.
       | 
       | And that's very different from whether or not an AI coding
       | assistant can help you learn to code or not. (I'm actually not
       | sure if it can, but I think this study doesn't say anything new).
        
       | borski wrote:
       | Crazy idea but: what if we built an AI pair programmer that
       | actually pair programmed? That is, sometimes it was the driver
       | and you navigated, pretty much as it is today, but sometimes you
       | drive and _it_ navigates.
       | 
       | I surmise that would help people learn to code better.
        
         | manmal wrote:
         | LLMs with their current context size suck at navigating in
         | larger codebases. They are better left in the driver seat for
         | now.
        
       | calepayson wrote:
       | > Our findings reveal that students perceived AI tools as helpful
       | for grasping code concepts and boosting their confidence during
       | the initial development phase. However, a noticeable difficulty
       | emerged when students were asked to work un-aided, pointing to
       | potential over reliance and gaps in foundational knowledge
       | transfer.
       | 
       | As someone studying CS/ML this is dead on but I don't think the
       | side-effects of this are discussed enough. Frankly, cheating has
       | never been more incentivized and it's breaking the higher
       | education system (at least that's my experience, things might be
       | different at the top tier schools).
       | 
       | Just about every STEM class I've taken has had some kind of
       | curve. Sometimes individual assignments are curved, sometimes the
       | final grade, sometimes the curve isn't a curve but some sort of
       | extra credit. Ideally it should be feasible to score 100% in a
       | class but I think this actually takes a shocking amount of
       | resources. In reality, professors have research or jobs to attend
       | to and same with the students. Ideally there are sections and
       | office hours and the professor is deeply conscious of giving out
       | assignments that faithfully represent what students might be
       | tested on. But often this isn't the case. The school can only
       | afford two hours of TA time a week, the professors have
       | obligations to research and work, the students have the same. And
       | so historically the curve has been there to make up for the
       | discrepancy between ideals and reality. It's there to make sure
       | that great students get the grades that they deserve.
       | 
       | LLMs have turned the curve on its head.
       | 
       | When cheating was hard the curve was largely successful. The
       | great students got great grades, the good students got good
       | grades, those that were struggling usually managed a C+/B-, and
       | those that were checked out or not putting in the time failed.
       | The folks who cheated tended to be the struggling students but,
       | because cheating wasn't that effective, maybe they went from a
       | failing grade to just passing the class. A classic example is
       | sneaking identities into a calculus test. Sure it helps if you
       | don't know the identities but not knowing the identities is a
       | great sign that you didn't practice enough. Without that practice
       | they still tend to do poorly on the test.
       | 
       | But now cheating is easy and, I think it should change the way we
       | look at grades. This semester, not one of my classes is curved
       | because there is always someone who gets a 100%. Coincidentally,
       | that person is never who you would expect. The students who
       | attend every class, ask questions, go to office hours, and do
       | their assignments without LLMs tend to score in B+/A- range on
       | tests and quizzes. The folks who set the curve on those
       | assignments tend to only show up for tests and quizzes and then
       | sit in the far back corners when they do. Just about every test I
       | take now, there's a mad competition for those back desks. Some
       | classes people just dispense with the desk and take a chair to
       | the back of the room.
       | 
       | Every one of the great students I know is murdering themselves to
       | try to stay in the B+/A- range.
       | 
       | A common refrain when people talk about this is "cheaters only
       | cheat themselves" and while I think has historically been mostly
       | true, I think it's bullshit now. Cheating is just too easy, the
       | folks who care are losing the arms race. My most impressive peers
       | are struggling to get past the first round of interviews.
       | Meanwhile, the folks who don't show up to class and casually get
       | perfect scores are also getting perfect scores on the online
       | assessments. Almost all the competent people I know are getting
       | squeezed out of the pipeline before they can compete on level-
       | footing.
       | 
       | We've created a system that massively incentivizes cheating and
       | then invented the ultimate cheating tool. A 4.0 and a good score
       | on an online assessment used to be a great signal that someone
       | was competent. I think these next few years, until universities
       | and hiring teams adapt to LLMs, we're going to start seeing
       | perfect scores as a red flag.
        
         | abenga wrote:
         | If sitting in the back and cheating guarantees a good grade,
         | that's a shit school, honestly. The school seems to know that
         | people cheat, and how, but nothing is being done. Randomize
         | seating, have a proctor stand in the back of the class,
         | suspend/expel people who are caught cheating.
        
           | calepayson wrote:
           | Ya it drives me crazy. I know someone who scored an 81% on a
           | midterm where a few people scored in the high 90%. The
           | professor told them, that among the people they didn't
           | suspect of cheating, they got the highest score. No curve, no
           | prosecution of the cheaters.
        
         | quesera wrote:
         | FWIW: When I was in undergrad, the students who showed up only
         | for exams and sat in the back of the room were not cheating,
         | and still ended up with some of the best scores.
         | 
         | They had opted out of the lectures, believing that they were
         | inefficient or ineffective (or just poorly scheduled). Not
         | everyone learns best in a lecture format. And not everyone is
         | starting with the same level of knowledge of the topic.
         | 
         | Also:
         | 
         | > _A 4.0 and a good score on an online assessment used to be a
         | great signal that someone was competent_
         | 
         | ... this has never been true in my experience, as a student or
         | hiring manager.
        
           | calepayson wrote:
           | > FWIW: When I was in undergrad, the students who showed up
           | only for exams and sat in the back of the room were not
           | cheating, and still ended up with some of the best scores.
           | 
           | For many classes this is still the case, and I lump these
           | folks in with the great students. They still care about
           | learning the material.
           | 
           | My experience has been that these students are super common
           | in required undergrad classes and not at all common in the
           | graduate-level electives that I've seen this happening in.
           | 
           | > ... this has never been true in my experience, as a student
           | or hiring manager.
           | 
           | Good to know. What've you focused on when you're hiring?
        
         | fn-mote wrote:
         | Look, I agree with the sibling that the school needs to do
         | something about cheating.
         | 
         | Individual instructors should do something about it, even.
         | 
         | The fact that there is no feedback loop causing instructors to
         | do this is a real problem.
         | 
         | If there were ever a stats page showing results in your
         | compilers course were uncorrelated with understanding of
         | compilers on a proctored exit exam you bet people would change
         | or be fired.
         | 
         | So in a way, I blame the poor response on the systematic
         | factors.
        
       | ghm2180 wrote:
       | I wonder when will there be something more rigorous on what works
       | clearing house
       | https://ies.ed.gov/ncee/WWC/Search/Products?searchTerm=AI&&&...
       | 
       | I am actually hoping someone there studies such interventions the
       | way they did with CMU's intelligent tutor -- which if I recall
       | correctly did not have net strong evidence in its favors as far
       | as educational outcomes per the reports in WWC -- given the fall
       | in grade level scores in math and reading since 2015/16 across
       | multiple grades in middle school. It is vital to know if any of
       | these things help kids succeed.
        
       | bombdailer wrote:
       | Knowledge not earned is not gained.
        
         | bequanna wrote:
         | Well said. I've often been able to trick myself into thinking
         | I've learned something, especially if it is somewhat intuitive.
         | 
         | But unless I practically apply what I learned, my retention is
         | quite low.
        
       | insane_dreamer wrote:
       | > Our findings reveal that students perceived AI tools as helpful
       | for grasping code concepts and boosting their confidence during
       | the initial development phase. However, a noticeable difficulty
       | emerged when students were asked to work unaided, pointing to
       | potential overreliance and gaps in foundational knowledge
       | transfer.
       | 
       | This is basically what would be expected. However n=20 is too
       | small. This needs to be replicated with x10 the n.
        
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