[HN Gopher] A Repository with 44 Years of Unix Evolution
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       A Repository with 44 Years of Unix Evolution
        
       Author : lioeters
       Score  : 81 points
       Date   : 2025-11-28 09:32 UTC (13 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.spinellis.gr)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.spinellis.gr)
        
       | werdl wrote:
       | Interesting to see the decisions they took regarding which
       | flavours they chose to include.
        
       | phplovesong wrote:
       | 670,000 commits. Thats big. But only 2K merges? I assume push
       | straight to master in most cases?
        
         | mprovost wrote:
         | I don't think either SCCS or RCS tracked merges, so everything
         | looks like a new revision.
        
           | lionkor wrote:
           | also rebases instead of merges wouldn't count as merges
        
             | DSpinellis wrote:
             | I don't think the concept of a rebase existed before
             | Bitbucker and Git.
        
           | jmclnx wrote:
           | Correct. I had used both at work up until around 2005. The
           | idiot large companies I worked at did not believe in Source
           | Code Control. That is the one thing I liked about RCS/SCCS,
           | once I checked out an item, no one could check in their
           | changes unless they contacted me. Forcing a coordinated
           | manual merge between us.
           | 
           | I tried to get our org on to something for a while, but got
           | massive push back until 5 or 6 years ago when they setup
           | corporate wide paid githup repo.
           | 
           | Before that, I found a small group of developers around 2005
           | that used CVS and they allowed me to leverage that for my
           | group. But of course I was the only one who used it.
           | 
           | Back then I guess people loved loosing source code, which
           | happened a lot until git.
        
             | DSpinellis wrote:
             | I convinced a software company to use a version control
             | system (RCS on shared disk) back in 1993. To make it work
             | we had to setup a network -- Ethernet over (thin) coaxial
             | cable at the time. This was so new to us that we didn't
             | know we needed to use terminators on the two cable ends.
        
         | keybored wrote:
         | What did source control look like 30 years ago? Was merges used
         | a lot? I have only used Subversion and Git.
        
           | DSpinellis wrote:
           | 30 years ago (1995) open source offerings: mostly CVS for
           | large projects and RCS for smaller ones. On the proprietary
           | side, the aged SCCS was available and used, while Perforce
           | and Microsoft Visual Source Safe were being launched.
        
             | leoc wrote:
             | (Meanwhile, apparently MS itself continued using SLM, the
             | in-house source-control system which had been
             | commercialised as MS Delta, internally until about 2000.
             | https://wiki.c2.com/?MicrosoftDelta https://devblogs.micros
             | oft.com/oldnewthing/20180122-00/?p=97...
             | https://ricomariani.medium.com/super-brief-notes-on-early-
             | so... https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=44255526 )
        
           | jmclnx wrote:
           | IN 1995, I think there were some proprietary offerings, one
           | company in Massachusetts was purchased by IBM back then.
           | 
           | But on the minis (non-DEC) I worked on back then, there was
           | nothing. We kept a specific drive that had source current
           | source, but once in production you just copied the change
           | version to that drive, replacing what was already there. As
           | you can guess, changes disappeared often :) And there was no
           | change history, but we would tag each line changed with our 3
           | character ID.
        
           | kps wrote:
           | A stack of labelled backup tapes.
           | 
           | Whereas today, we have a stack of virtual backup tapes plus a
           | DAG on the labels.
           | 
           | (OK, _only_ 30 years ago we were using SCCS or maybe already
           | RCS.)
        
           | whynotmaybe wrote:
           | Don't know about 30 years ago but 25 years ago in a small
           | shop, the code was on a network share, on the production
           | server.
           | 
           | And whenever a code file was locked on the server, the Devs
           | went into the server room (aka the break room with a
           | computer) and rebooted the server. The production server that
           | was used by 30+ employees.
        
             | leoc wrote:
             | Right: I don't have direct experience, but from what I
             | recall reading it was only over the Subversion era that it
             | really became strikingly abnormal for a professional
             | software team to use no VC software at all. When there was
             | software it could be ... exotic. The FOSS culture's pre-SVN
             | norm of "CVS everywhere" put it notably ahead of others.
        
         | jlokier wrote:
         | If the original develoeprs had used Git, they'd be mostly fast-
         | forward merges. Those are the default merge operation in Git,
         | and they don't appear as merge commits in a repo.
         | 
         | However, there commits start 33 years before Git was created.
         | Merge commits were not even a concept back than.
        
       | DSpinellis wrote:
       | I published an updated extension of this post's linked article in
       | Empirical Software Engineering. You can read it without a paywall
       | at https://rdcu.be/b7FzE. You may also be interested to see the
       | actual GitHub repository at https://github.com/dspinellis/unix-
       | history-repo.
        
         | zvr wrote:
         | Right. The title of this submission should have a "(2015)".
        
       | aap_ wrote:
       | Hopefully UNIX v4 will soon be in there too :)
        
         | DSpinellis wrote:
         | Indeed! The repo includes some v4 elements:
         | https://github.com/dspinellis/unix-history-repo/tree/Researc...
         | 
         | The provided kernel predates the actual edition by a few
         | months. It is based on https://www.tuhs.org/Archive/Distributio
         | ns/Research/Dennis_v..., which matches V4 more than V3.
        
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