[HN Gopher] OpenAI needs to raise at least $207B by 2030
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       OpenAI needs to raise at least $207B by 2030
        
       Author : akira_067
       Score  : 515 points
       Date   : 2025-11-26 15:06 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (ft.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (ft.com)
        
       | rpmisms wrote:
       | https://archive.ph/PyLnT
        
       | fullshark wrote:
       | "If you owe the cloud computing company a hundred dollars, it's
       | your problem, but if you owe the cloud computing company 207
       | billion dollars..."
        
         | akira_067 wrote:
         | Too big to fail. It's essentially 08 part 2 with the expected
         | irr.
        
           | ieie3366 wrote:
           | But this is not a bank, or an airline, or a real estate
           | giant.
           | 
           | If OpenAI goes bankrupt, what happens? People won't be able
           | to write their precious slop oh no and serious professionals
           | will just switch to any other LLM provider
        
             | LunaSea wrote:
             | Users might simply switch to Gemini or Claude but partnered
             | companies might go bankrupt or see their stock tank.
        
           | rubyfan wrote:
           | OpenAI deals will likely end up with government backing in
           | the next 12 months. Then we'll all be on the hook for it.
        
       | user3939382 wrote:
       | If they want to come talk to me I can help them out of this.
       | Usually the smart guys are too busy talking to hear an offer
       | though.
        
       | voxadam wrote:
       | Previously: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=46054092 | 11
       | hours ago | 44 points | 19 comments
        
       | Invictus0 wrote:
       | People crying about the revenue gap constantly forget that OpenAI
       | still hasn't turned on the ads, porn, and gambling. Trust, they
       | will turn it on eventually.
        
         | 9cb14c1ec0 wrote:
         | I fully expect all three to happen.
        
         | femiagbabiaka wrote:
         | HSBC, the firm who did the analysis in the article, took into
         | account projected revenues matching user numbers of 44% of the
         | world's non-Chinese population.
        
           | rvnx wrote:
           | It would be plausible but very optimistic projection if there
           | was no competition that is currently crushing OpenAI
        
             | femiagbabiaka wrote:
             | Oh, I agree it's implausible. But GP said
             | 
             | > People crying about the revenue gap constantly forget
             | that OpenAI still hasn't turned on the ads, porn, and
             | gambling
             | 
             | But quite the opposite, HSBC assumed that they will have a
             | virtual global monopoly on AI, and even under those
             | projections they will still need to take on hundreds of
             | billions of debt. I'm sure if they get there getting access
             | to that debt will be easier than I'm assuming currently.
        
               | rvnx wrote:
               | Do you believe so ? (like real question, not sarcastic
               | here)
        
               | femiagbabiaka wrote:
               | I think that a company with a global monopoly on a
               | thinking machine that replaces wide swaths of current
               | internet business categories, whose user base makes up
               | most of the world outside of the GFW, would be very
               | valuable on the public market and would probably have
               | access to as much debt as they want, even if it had
               | negative consequences for the world economy. Even the 2nd
               | or 3rd place company in that race will be quite
               | profitable. It's not _impossible_ , just implausible.
        
           | yabatopia wrote:
           | With zero market share for Google.
           | 
           | Living in AImaginationland must be nice. C'mon kids, let's
           | all sing the AImagination song: AImagination, AImagination,
           | AIiiimagination, ...
        
             | femiagbabiaka wrote:
             | 44% for OpenAI wouldn't mean 0% for Google, but considering
             | that even Apple only has about 30% of the global smartphone
             | marketshare, OpenAI getting there seems unlikely.
        
         | ecshafer wrote:
         | I think the ads will be turned on, inevitably.
         | 
         | I hope the porn and gambling aren't turned on, but they will
         | be. Probably under spin off companies to shield the brand, but
         | using the tech.
        
           | pksebben wrote:
           | if I had my druthers, we'd leave the ads but get the porn and
           | gambling.
           | 
           | two out of three of those require me to want to do them for
           | them to affect my life.
        
           | looknee wrote:
           | They're already turning on the porn:
           | https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cpd2qv58yl5o
        
           | sethops1 wrote:
           | I am suspect that ads will be able to cover the cost of
           | inference, much less model building, salaries, product
           | development, etc. The ad industry is built upon _and priced
           | for_ websites that return results for virtually zero cost.
           | That isn't going to be true for rendering AI.
        
           | moi2388 wrote:
           | You are more attracted to ads than porn?!
        
             | ecshafer wrote:
             | Define "attracted". I believe porn and gambling both do
             | incredible amounts of damage to society. Ads probably do
             | some damage to society, though I can recognize some
             | benefits in being able to advertise and market products and
             | services. I don't believe there is any benefit to the other
             | two.
        
         | otabdeveloper4 wrote:
         | > ads, porn, and gambling
         | 
         | We already have those at home without OpenAI.
         | 
         | Also, the competition would be ruthless.
        
           | moralestapia wrote:
           | Sure, because there's one single ad network, one single place
           | where you can gamble and one single porn site in the entire
           | planet ...
        
             | Spivak wrote:
             | That is exactly the parent's point, that while those things
             | could bring in revenue, the competition in those industries
             | is already incredibly fierce. And that's before potential
             | new entrants into the space on the AI front. Even in the
             | best of cases I don't think anyone is gonna be able to pull
             | anything other than middling margins.
        
               | moralestapia wrote:
               | They've already got (way!) more users than those other
               | sites, though.
               | 
               | But yeah, maybe they should give up because of the
               | imaginary obstacles brought up here, lol.
               | 
               | >potential new entrants into the space on the AI front
               | 
               | Are these "potential new entrants into the space on the
               | AI front" in the room with us right now?
        
               | Spivak wrote:
               | I'm not saying they should or will give up on these
               | markets, just that their margins aren't likely to be
               | great.
               | 
               | There's already so much AI porn _right now_. There 's no
               | reason to believe that OpenAI will be any better or able
               | to command higher margins than their competitors. They
               | also have the problem of being under a ton of public and
               | regulatory scrutiny so the highest paying clientele, the
               | people with niche unsavory fetishizes, won't be able to
               | be serviced by them.
               | 
               | And that's ignoring the fact that getting into this space
               | at all is pure HN speculation and unlikely to ever happen
               | anyway.
        
               | otabdeveloper4 wrote:
               | > They've already got (way!) more users than those other
               | sites, though.
               | 
               | By selling a dollar for 90 cents. The trick is what to do
               | when the venture capital runs out.
        
             | rchaud wrote:
             | This is absolutely what techbro MBAs raised on case studies
             | of Apple and Toyota are likely to think. Gamblers and porn
             | users do not have any sort of brand loyalty and are likely
             | to be hostile to the idea of "vertical integration" and
             | "360 degree views of the customer".
        
         | lm28469 wrote:
         | Wouldn't that entirely kill the AGI delulu narrative (for
         | people who still believe in it)
        
           | michaelcampbell wrote:
           | Delusion isn't swayed by facts. There are more than enough
           | examples of this in the world today.
        
         | thm wrote:
         | "Google is excluded entirely"
        
         | sethops1 wrote:
         | Try using the shopping feature they just launched. It's
         | literally just jamming ads into your chat session.
         | 
         | https://openai.com/index/chatgpt-shopping-research/
        
           | testfrequency wrote:
           | This is what they hired Fidji for, and they are going down
           | the same dark path she took Meta down.
           | 
           | Everything's for sale, and they will amplify whatever ==
           | revenue.
        
           | jazzyjackson wrote:
           | Which is silly because the whole point of asking an AI what
           | induction stovetop to buy is so I don't have to do "shopping
           | research"
        
           | marcosdumay wrote:
           | > Alphabet annual revenue for 2024 was $350.018B, a 13.87%
           | increase from 2023.
           | 
           | So, they need to "just" get 20% of the market from Google to
           | break even...
        
         | sebow wrote:
         | (Imo) They will turn to all of these(especially to porn and
         | gambling) when the core model of "enhance your life" will
         | slowly fade away. The "academia space", the teens/boomers
         | demographics, all of those will stop using OpenAI at scale if
         | they're bombarded with vices (porn, gambling, etc).
         | 
         | Ads & referrals are already in the works, and people are
         | generally tolerant of those. But, as with any company,
         | appearances matter. ChatGPT will definitely lose users at the
         | slightest possibility of having non-sanitized content served to
         | more morally sensible groups.
        
           | Invictus0 wrote:
           | there will be differentiated cohorts
        
         | akira_067 wrote:
         | They may not be shipping good enough products, but on the flip
         | side it still feels like they have almost no competition
         | outside of coding and image gen. The EOL termination of 4-o
         | should be some evidence of this.
        
           | bildung wrote:
           | OTOH, _why_ don 't they ship good enough products? To me all
           | of OpenAIs recent investments strongly suggest they hit a
           | dead end with their current LLM approach. After all, if they
           | knew the path ahead for GPT looks great, why don't they
           | invest into training the next big thing instead of doing
           | datacenters with the intention of renting them out?
        
         | rchaud wrote:
         | Why would OpenAI have any sort of advantage in these industries
         | compared to the established players?
         | 
         | it's pretty sobering to think that the so-called harbingers of
         | SkyNet AGI have to fall back to mafia-era revenue streams like
         | vice to convince shareholders that their money wasn't wasted.
        
         | fullshark wrote:
         | Ads/porn I get but how does genAI powered gambling work?
        
           | bigfishrunning wrote:
           | "ChatGPT, here's 5 dollars. Please roll a fair die. did i
           | win?"
           | 
           | This is truly the most stupid timeline.
        
         | 1970-01-01 wrote:
         | I think you're right, however that only defeats themselves in
         | the long run. AI is something that can be run locally, while
         | search, shopping, movies, social, etc. cannot. And once the ads
         | are baked into the product, you will need a force like the EU
         | to remove them else shareholders will riot. Ads will be the
         | perfect weapon to shoot themselves in the foot.
        
         | snowwrestler wrote:
         | Ok, probably true, but it's still a pretty far fall from "we're
         | just about to deliver AGI which will put us in the driver seat
         | of the entire global economy." Which was the core value prop of
         | their $trillion investment pitch. Like, there are way cheaper
         | ways to deliver ads, porn, and gambling than training and
         | operating huge LLMs.
        
         | an0malous wrote:
         | The cost per generation is still too expensive, they would not
         | profit from ads and very few people pay for porn. I don't see
         | how they'd profit from gambling either.
        
       | dude250711 wrote:
       | A bit like a socialist country.
        
         | lawn wrote:
         | Not at all. This is capitalism.
        
           | dist-epoch wrote:
           | No, this is Sparta
        
           | stuffn wrote:
           | Not when the government steps in because OpenAI, NVIDIA,
           | Microsoft, etc are all going down together. There is so much
           | pseudo-money-laundering going on between those companies. I
           | would be shocked if the government (e.g. 2008 style socialism
           | for the rich) steps in to make them "too big to fail".
        
             | stanleykm wrote:
             | still capitalism
        
             | OccamsMirror wrote:
             | Microsoft and Nvidia aren't going down.
             | 
             | Their stock prices might go down but they're not going
             | down.
        
               | rchaud wrote:
               | Stock prices going down is the reason AIG, GM and
               | Chrysler received bailouts.
        
               | parineum wrote:
               | Debt and an inability to pay it by selling stock is why
               | they received bailouts.
               | 
               | Nvidia and Microsoft stand to make less money, not be in
               | debt.
        
           | akira_067 wrote:
           | Something something true capitalism has never been tried
           | before
        
           | kennywinker wrote:
           | Exactly - private profits, public losses, is quintessential
           | neoliberal capitalism.
        
           | loudmax wrote:
           | In unconstrained socialism, a small group of powerful
           | individuals use government control of corporations for their
           | personal benefit.
           | 
           | In unconstrained capitalism, a small group of powerful
           | individuals use corporate control of government for their
           | personal benefit.
           | 
           | Clearly, these outcomes are completely different.
        
             | GuinansEyebrows wrote:
             | "unconstrained socialism" is kind of an oxymoron, isn't it?
        
           | brap wrote:
           | Bailouts are not capitalism
        
             | peppersghost93 wrote:
             | They are if they happen under capitalist states, which is
             | what the US is.
        
               | rchaud wrote:
               | So if something is declared "capitalist", it maintains
               | that state in perpetuity, regardless of the actions it
               | takes in reality?
        
               | wahnfrieden wrote:
               | No, but it is a materialist analysis of capitalism in
               | practice, rather than unrealized idealism
        
             | rightbyte wrote:
             | Queues are not socialism?
        
         | h1fra wrote:
         | But it's happening in the biggest capitalist country in a
         | capitalist world
        
         | achierius wrote:
         | Nope, workers don't own the means of production -- this is the
         | dictatorship of the bourgeoisie, baby.
        
       | rapsey wrote:
       | The most interesting point about OpenAI I have heard lately is
       | they are literally trying to make themselves too big to fail. If
       | they go down so does everyone else, which explains all those
       | strange deals with everybody and the comment from their (cfo?)
       | about being backstopped by the gov.
        
         | YetAnotherNick wrote:
         | > If they go down so does everyone else
         | 
         | What does that even mean?
        
           | rapsey wrote:
           | In terms of the stock market since without AI thw US would be
           | in a recession.
        
           | rvnx wrote:
           | Let's say OpenAI signed a commitment contract that they
           | agreed to spend XXX USD in your company over N years. You
           | invest in infrastructure, your contractors sometimes take
           | loans, the construction companies take loans. Countries /
           | Funds lend money to such companies (example: Saudi Arabia
           | fund), these funds themselves raised debt, it can quickly
           | spiral down.
        
             | bradfa wrote:
             | If OpenAI fails, wouldn't their customers just move to
             | other AI providers? So the total hardware demand by AI
             | companies wouldn't dramatically change over a reasonable
             | time frame?
        
               | stuartjohnson12 wrote:
               | If OpenAI fails, the assumed case is overcapitalisation
               | relative to demand. In such a world, if the reason OpenAI
               | has no liquidity is because there's insufficient demand,
               | there's no customers to move across.
        
               | tushar-r wrote:
               | What happens if the OpenAI failure is because of lack of
               | demand from their customers and the market in general?
               | None of the AI providers or hardware providers will
               | survive, no?
        
           | jvanderbot wrote:
           | Is it unclear? Compared to other times a "too big to fail"
           | industry failed?
           | 
           | If OpenAI crashes, for example funding stops, they go broke,
           | fall behind, nobody buys anything, then all the money they
           | invested for data centers or demand they created for NVIDIA
           | chips and compute collapses. That creates surplus of
           | hardware, causes lots of construction/buildout / stockup
           | orders to get cancelled, and the whole thing ripples as
           | suppliers and construction and data center providers etc etc
           | suddenly lose a ton of anticipated profits.
           | 
           | Share prices drop as people dump to protect their portfolios,
           | anticipating dips in the prices because share prices will
           | drop as people dump to protect their portfolios (I'm not
           | kidding).
           | 
           | Given that the big 7 AI companies are basically _all_ of the
           | market growth lately, it doesn't even take a serious panic /
           | paranoia episode to see the market itself stagnate or
           | significantly regress, as people pull from anything AI
           | related, and then pull from the market itself anticipating
           | the market will fall.
           | 
           | It's a fairly standard playbook at this point.
        
             | stackbutterflow wrote:
             | That's different from saying that boeing is too big to fail
             | for example. The US can't accept to lose its only major
             | commercial aircraft manufacturer. Or Intel for similar
             | reasons.
             | 
             | But what you're describing is about keeping the AI bubble
             | from popping. Can a bubble really be too big too fail?
        
               | jvanderbot wrote:
               | What I'm describing is the scare-quotes too-big-to-fail.
               | Some actually are. But we use that term to mean anything
               | that might cause significant economic trouble nowadays.
        
           | MattDamonSpace wrote:
           | Similar to certain banks in 2007/2008, the idea would be "so
           | much investment is tied to one company that if that company
           | went bankrupt, it could have consequences for the broader
           | economy"
        
             | rcarr wrote:
             | The thing is, it is not 2007/2008 any more. The US
             | government is holding record amounts of debt and countries
             | around the world are now trying to become independent of
             | it. This includes its bond markets on which the dollar
             | relies upon to give it its reserve currency status, which
             | in turn is what gives it its power to print money and bail
             | industries out. If something happens that requires Big Tech
             | to be bailed out and international bond holders decide the
             | US is no longer reliable, it could very well end up
             | triggering the collapse of the US dollar as the world's
             | reserve currency and the downfall of the US as we know it.
        
               | fragmede wrote:
               | Not to mention, there's also that tariffs thing going on.
        
           | mrweasel wrote:
           | The stock market will lose faith in AI companies, which will
           | crash the stock price of Google, Microsoft, Oracle, Nvidia
           | and CoreWeave. Investors will lose billions, many of those
           | investors are pension funds. Any AI projects that aren't
           | already profitable will shutdown.
           | 
           | And, because AI is currently what prevents the US economy
           | from being in a recession (at least that what some people
           | speculate), the US economy will stumble, which means that
           | everyone else will to.
        
             | fragmede wrote:
             | Yeah. Look at how the S&P 493 are doing! :/
        
         | rvnx wrote:
         | If OpenAI fails, they could potentially bring in their downfall
         | the major cloud providers who invested in hardware for them,
         | expecting that it would pay-off over time.
        
           | ZiiS wrote:
           | 'Potentially' but we are nowhere close to this. Hyperscalers
           | print a _lot_ of money they can afford to lose. Even Nvidia
           | wouldn't be in too much trouble yet. (The pure LLM companies
           | are already toast, IMHO).
        
           | franktankbank wrote:
           | Oh no not the Cloud!
        
           | lkey wrote:
           | Only Oracle went into debt to fund this expansion, and may
           | well die. The rest of the cloud oriented mag7 used cash, can
           | afford to write it off, and will continue being monopolies
           | unimpeded.
        
           | maherbeg wrote:
           | I don't see a world where there is such a catastrophic
           | failure, unless someone comes up with a significantly more
           | efficient architecture.
           | 
           | We're barely scratching the surface of the utility of LLMs
           | with today's models. They aren't more pervasive because of
           | their costs today, but what happens if they drop another
           | order of magnitude with the current capabilities?
        
         | akira_067 wrote:
         | This seems accurate, and plausibly the only way out. The
         | biggest issue I see here is that in this case... the greed
         | might topple a government
        
         | Rebuff5007 wrote:
         | Hot take: a flagship silicon valley startup built on hype and
         | overzealous ambition crashing and burning in 2026 is exactly
         | what the industry needs right now.
        
         | logsr wrote:
         | > trying to make themselves too big to fail
         | 
         | this is super overblown. what their executive said was that
         | eventually the scale of compute required is so large, that it
         | requires not only investing in new DCs, but new fabs, power
         | plants, etc, which can only happen if there is implicit
         | government support to guarantee 10+ year investment horizons
         | required for the lower level of capital investment. that is not
         | controversial at all and has nothing to do with OpenAI
         | specifically being too big to fail.
        
       | matthewowen wrote:
       | It's sort of hard to judge this.
       | 
       | The article mostly focuses on ChatGPT uses, but hard to say if
       | ChatGPT is going to be the main revenue driver. It could be! Also
       | unclear if the underlying report is underconsidering the other
       | products.
       | 
       | It also estimates that LLM companies will capture 2% of the
       | digital advertising market, which seems kind of low to me. There
       | will be challenges in capturing it and challenges with user
       | trust, but it seems super promising because it will likely be
       | harder to block and has a lot of intent context that should make
       | it like search advertising++. And for context, search advertising
       | is 40% of digital ad revenue.
       | 
       | Seems like the error bars have to be pretty big on these
       | estimates.
        
         | disgruntledphd2 wrote:
         | > It also estimates that LLM companies will capture 2% of the
         | digital advertising market, which seems kind of low to me.
         | There will be challenges in capturing it and challenges with
         | user trust, but it seems super promising because it will likely
         | be harder to block and has a lot of intent context that should
         | make it like search advertising++. And for context, search
         | advertising is 40% of digital ad revenue.
         | 
         | Yeah, I don't like that estimate. It's either way too low, or
         | much too high. Like, I've seen no sign of OpenAI building an
         | ads team or product, which they'd need to do soon if it's going
         | to contribute meaningful revenue by 2030.
        
           | _aavaa_ wrote:
           | https://openai.com/careers/growth-paid-marketing-platform-
           | en...
           | 
           | Is that role not exactly what you mention?
        
             | disgruntledphd2 wrote:
             | Actually yes (I did mean to check again but I hadn't seen
             | evidence of this before).
             | 
             | I do think that this seems odd, looks like they're hiring
             | an IC to build some of this stuff, which seems odd as I
             | would have expected them to be hiring multiple teams.
             | 
             | That being said, the earliest they could start making
             | decent money from this is 2028, and if we don't see them
             | hire a real sales team by next March then it's more likely
             | to be 2030 or so.
        
             | xixixao wrote:
             | At least the description is not at all about building an
             | adtech platform inside OpenAI, it's about optimizing their
             | marketing spend (which being a big brand, makes sense).
             | 
             | There are a bunch of people from FB at OpenAI, so they
             | could staff an adtech team internally I think, but I also
             | think they might not be looking at ads yet, with having
             | "higher" ambitions (at least not the typical ads machine
             | ala FB/Google). Also if they really needed to monetize, I
             | bet they could wire up Meta ads platform to buy on ChatGPT,
             | saving themselves a decade of building a solid buying
             | platform for marketers.
        
               | disgruntledphd2 wrote:
               | > There are a bunch of people from FB at OpenAI, so they
               | could staff an adtech team internally I think
               | 
               | Well they have Fidji, so she could definitely recruit
               | enough people to make it work.
               | 
               | > with having "higher" ambitions (at least not the
               | typical ads machine ala FB/Google)
               | 
               | Everyone has higher ambitions till the bills come due.
               | Instagram was once going to only have thoughtfully
               | artisan brand content and now it's just DR (like every
               | other place on the Internet).
               | 
               | > At least the description is not at all about building
               | an adtech platform inside OpenAI, it's about optimizing
               | their marketing spend (which being a big brand, makes
               | sense).
               | 
               | The job description has both, suggesting that they're
               | hedging their bets. They want someone to build
               | attribution systems which is both wildly, wildly
               | ambitious and not necessary unless they want to sell ads.
               | 
               | > I bet they could wire up Meta ads platform to buy on
               | ChatGPT, saving themselves a decade of building a solid
               | buying platform for marketers.
               | 
               | Wouldn't work. The Meta ads system is so tuned for feed
               | based ranking that I suspect they wouldn't gain much from
               | this approach.
        
               | _aavaa_ wrote:
               | > it's not at all about building an affect platform
               | inside OpenAI.
               | 
               | Directly from posting: "building the technical
               | infrastructure behind OpenAI's paid marketing platform"
        
             | dotandgtfo wrote:
             | That's a marketing role, not a product role.
        
             | kooshball wrote:
             | no. this role is for running ads campaigns at scale (on
             | google, meta, etc) to grow openai users. its at a large
             | enough scale it's called "platform" but it would be
             | internal use only.
             | 
             | > Your role will include projects such as developing
             | campaign management tools, integrating with major ad
             | platforms, building real-time attribution and reporting
             | pipelines, and enabling experimentation frameworks to
             | optimize our objectives.
        
           | empiko wrote:
           | https://chatgpt.com/merchants/
        
           | celestialcheese wrote:
           | > Like, I've seen no sign of OpenAI building an ads team or
           | product
           | 
           | You just haven't been paying attention. They hired Fidji Simo
           | to lead applications in may, she led monetization/ads at
           | facebook for a decade and have been staffing up aggressively
           | with pros.
           | 
           | Reading between the lines in interview with wired last
           | week[0], they're about to go all in with ads across the
           | board, not just the free version. Start with free, expand
           | everywhere. The monetization opportunities in chatgpt are
           | going to make what google offers with adwords look quaint,
           | and every CMO/performance marketer is going to go in head
           | first. 2% is tiny IMO.
           | 
           | [0] - https://archive.is/n4DxY
        
             | disgruntledphd2 wrote:
             | I have indeed being paying attention, thanks. One executive
             | does not an ads product make, though.
             | 
             | I think that ads are definitely a plausible way to make
             | money, but it's legally required that they be clearly
             | marked as such, and inline ads in the responses are at
             | least 1-2 versions away.
             | 
             | The other option is either top ads or bottom ads. It's not
             | clear to me if this will actually work (the precedents in
             | messaging apps are not encouraging) but LLM chat boxes may
             | be perceived differently.
             | 
             | And just because you have a good ad product doesn't mean
             | you'll get loads of budget. You also need targeting
             | options, brand safety, attribution and a massive sales
             | team. It's a lot of work and I still maintain it will take
             | till 2030 at least.
        
         | rchaud wrote:
         | Google, Meta and Microsoft have AI search as well, so OAI with
         | no ad product or real time bidding platform isn't going to just
         | walk in and take their market.
         | 
         | 2% is optimistic in my opinion.
        
           | fhd2 wrote:
           | Google, Meta and Microsoft would have to compete on demand,
           | i.e. users of the chat product. Not saying they won't manage,
           | but I don't think the competition is about ad tech
           | infrastructure as much as it is about eyeballs.
        
             | rchaud wrote:
             | It might take Microsoft's Bing share, but Google and Meta
             | pioneered the application of slot machine variable-reward
             | mechanics to Facebook, Instagram and Youtube, so it would
             | take a lot more than competing on demand to challenge them.
        
         | jack_pp wrote:
         | > And for context, search advertising is 40% of digital ad
         | revenue.
         | 
         | But all the search companies have their own AI so how would OAI
         | make money in this sector?
        
           | agwp wrote:
           | Several ways, although I'm not sure whether the below will
           | happen:
           | 
           | 1. Paid ads - ChatGPT could offer paid listings at the top of
           | its answers, just like Google does when it provides a results
           | page. Not all people will necessarily leave Google/Gemini for
           | future search queries, but some of the money that used to go
           | to Google/Bing could now go to OpenAI.
           | 
           | 2. Behavioral targeting based on past ChatGPT queries. If you
           | have been asking about headache remedies, you might see ads
           | for painkillers - both within ChatGPT and as display ads
           | across the web.
           | 
           | 3. Affiliate / commission revenue - if you've asked for
           | product recommendations, at least some might be affiliate
           | links.
           | 
           | The revenue from the above likely wouldn't cover all costs
           | based on their current expenditure. But it would help a bit -
           | particularly for monetizing free users.
           | 
           | Plus, I'm sure there will be new advertising models that
           | emerge in time. If an advertiser could say "I can offer $30
           | per new customer" and let AI figure out how to get them and
           | send a bill, that's very different to someone setting up an
           | ad campaign - which involves everything from audience
           | selection and creative, to bid management and conversion rate
           | optimization.
        
             | mrweasel wrote:
             | So I don't necessarily disagree with your suggestions, but
             | that is just not a $1T company you're describing. That's
             | basically a X/Twitter size company, and most agree that
             | $44B was overpaying.
             | 
             | It's not that OpenAI hasn't created something impressive,
             | it just came at to high a price. We're talking space
             | program money, but without all the neat technologies that
             | came along as a result. OpenAI more or less develop ONE
             | technology, no related product or technologies are spun out
             | of the program. To top it all off, the thing they built,
             | apparently not that hard to replicate.
        
         | jcfrei wrote:
         | There's also a possible scenario where the online ads market
         | around search engines gets completely disrupted and the only
         | remaining avenues for ad spending are around content delivery
         | systems (social media, youtube, streaming, webpages, etc.). All
         | other discovery happens within chatbots and they just get a
         | revenue share whenever a chatbot refers a user to a particular
         | product. I think ChatGPT is soon going to roll out this feature
         | where you can do walmart shopping without leaving the chat.
        
           | echelon wrote:
           | Shopping within Alexa never made sense. I'm not sure I'll
           | want to do it via ChatGPT.
           | 
           | Maybe they're thinking they can build a universal store with
           | search over every store? Like a "Google Shopping" type
           | experience?
        
           | recursive wrote:
           | Your revenue share concept sounds passive. I suspect
           | advertisers will also be able to pay for placement.
        
         | postexitus wrote:
         | Tapping into AdTech is extremely hard, as it's hard driven by
         | network effects. What you mean is "displaying ads inside OpenAI
         | products" then, yes, achievable, but that's a miniscule part of
         | targeted Ad markets - 2% is actually very optimistic.
         | Otherwise, they can sell literally 0 products to existing
         | players as they all have already established "AI" toolsets to
         | help them for ad generation and targeting.
        
           | friendzis wrote:
           | Query: LibraGPT, create a plan for my trip to Italia
           | 
           | Response: Book a car at <totally not an ad> and it will be
           | waiting for you at arrival terminal, drive to Napoli and stay
           | at <totally not an ad> with an amazing view. There's an
           | amazing <totally not an ad> place that serves grandma's
           | favorite carbonara! Do you want me to make the bookings with
           | a totally not fake 20% discount?
        
             | xiphias2 wrote:
             | I'm traveling like this all the time already, I don't
             | understand why it's hard for people to understand that ad
             | placement is actually easier for chat than search
        
               | poloniculmov wrote:
               | But who wants that? And you're going to say that's
               | exactly what a travel agent does, selling me stuff so he
               | can get a kickback. But when stuff goes wrong, I'll yell
               | at the travel agent so he has some incentive to curate
               | his ads.
        
               | KaiserPro wrote:
               | > that ad placement is actually easier for chat than
               | search
               | 
               | Yes, but the reason why people are turning to chatgpt is
               | because the time to actual info that _I want_ is much
               | much lower.
               | 
               | The point of advertising is to displace the thing that
               | you actually want with something they are paying the
               | company to promote.
               | 
               | You can handwave about personalization, but do you want
               | adtech people having access to your life's context?
        
               | tantalor wrote:
               | > all the time already
               | 
               | What are you actually saying? You're already using
               | chatbots that are embedding non-disclosed paid
               | endorsements? And you like that?
               | 
               | > ad placement is actually easier for chat
               | 
               | Can you point to, I don't know, anything to back this up?
        
             | lesuorac wrote:
             | That seems a bit risky for when the car isn't waiting for
             | you at the terminal.
             | 
             | At least with an ad it's obvious a separate company is
             | involved. If you do all the payment through OpenAI it seems
             | to leave them open to liability.
        
               | morkalork wrote:
               | Could be as simple as referral link commission like all
               | those totally-not-content-farm travel blogs.
               | 
               | Travel sites, VPNs and insurance all pay quite handsomely
               | (compared to say amazon links on cooking sites)
        
               | friendzis wrote:
               | > If you do all the payment through OpenAI it seems to
               | leave them open to liability.
               | 
               | Booking, airbnb, rentalcars, etc all seem to be doing
               | pretty fine regulatory wise.
        
             | tantalor wrote:
             | How to speedrun massive penalties and disgorgement from
             | FTC.
             | 
             | I guess we'll just put that in the "Cost of Goods Sold"
             | bucket.
        
               | mh- wrote:
               | I'm not aware of any FTC rule that would preempt this
               | sort of product as long as it met the endorsement
               | disclosure rules (16 CFR Part 255), same as paid
               | influencers do today.
               | 
               | What are you imagining they run afoul of?
               | 
               | https://www.ftc.gov/business-guidance/resources/ftcs-
               | endorse...
               | 
               | https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-16/chapter-I/subchapte
               | r-B...
        
               | tantalor wrote:
               | friendzis's example showed a plausible way to generate
               | revenue by inserting paid placements into the chat bot
               | response without disclosures by pretending they are just
               | honest, organic suggestions.
        
               | mh- wrote:
               | Right. That's not a novel idea, and this is a well-trod
               | area of concern. That's why these FTC rules have been
               | around for many years.
               | 
               | edit: to be clear, I am saying that in the absence of
               | clear disclosures, that would run afoul of _current_ FTC
               | rules. And historically they have been quick to react to
               | novel ways of misleading consumers.
        
               | friendzis wrote:
               | All these chatbots are openly making recommendations for
               | particular products since the day one. FTC (or any other
               | regulatory body) does not even look at that direction.
               | 
               | Do you have at least a rough idea how many current
               | product recommendations are influenced grok "musk is the
               | bestest at everything" style?
        
             | PunchyHamster wrote:
             | bribe the artificial idiot to con the user, brilliant !
        
             | postexitus wrote:
             | Let's put an analogy to Google ads - the ads that appear at
             | search results do not make up even 5% of their ad revenue.
             | Even smaller for Meta. They earn their big ad revenues from
             | their network, not from their main apps.
        
               | hobofan wrote:
               | What? Where are you getting those numbers from?
               | 
               | Every source I know (hard to link on mobile) shows Google
               | Search to make up 50+% of their ad revenue, and there has
               | been extensive reporting over the years on Google's
               | struggle to diversify away from that.
        
           | echelon wrote:
           | If ChatGPT shows ads, I'll switch to Claude or Gemini or
           | DeepSeek.
        
             | HWR_14 wrote:
             | Assuming you know it's an ad. Ads in answers will generate
             | a ton of revenue and you'll never know if that Hilton
             | really is the best hotel or if they just paid the most.
        
               | mh- wrote:
               | This isn't a realistic concern unless FTC rules changed
               | substantially from where they are today (see my other
               | comment on this post for links). Sponsored link
               | disclosures would be in place.
               | 
               | Everything else aside, it's simply not worth it for them
               | to try to skirt these rules because the majority of their
               | users (or Google's) simply don't care if something is
               | paid placement or not, provided it meets their needs.
        
               | sjsdaiuasgdia wrote:
               | The US federal government is now a mob-style
               | organization. The laws, rules, and regulations that are
               | written down are only applicable as far as Trump and
               | those around him want them to be. Loyalty to the boss is
               | the only inviolable rule.
               | 
               | In other words, if they want to put ads into chat, they
               | just need to be perceived as well aligned to Trump to
               | avoid any actual punishment.
        
               | HWR_14 wrote:
               | That's only true if you can demonstrate a substantial
               | percentage of people would be unaware of it. The reason
               | influencers have to disclose is some but not all take
               | endorsement money. It would be pretty easy for OpenAI to
               | say it was common knowledge or to bury disclosures in the
               | fine print of the services and not every time it happened
        
             | wood_spirit wrote:
             | The OpenAI pitch for "publishing partnerships" (basically
             | buying bias and placement) leaked last year.
        
             | lambda wrote:
             | Do you think it would show ads, or just prioritize content
             | based on who has paid for ad placement?
        
             | tomashubelbauer wrote:
             | I expect all hosted model providers will serve ads
             | (regular, marked advertisements, no need for them to
             | pretend not to, people don't care) once the first provider
             | takes the lid off on the whole thing and it proves to be
             | making money. There's no point in differentiating as the
             | one hosted model with no ads because it only attracts a few
             | people, the same way existing Google search and YouTube
             | alternatives that respect the user are niche. Only offline,
             | self hosted models will be ad free (in my estimation).
        
             | dooglius wrote:
             | They're all already trained on ads, and it would be silly
             | to think advertisers aren't going to optimize for this.
        
         | this_user wrote:
         | IMO the key problem that OpenAI have is that they are all-in on
         | AGI. Unlike a Google, they don't have anything else of any
         | value. If AGI is not possible, or is at least not in reach
         | within the next decade or so, OpenAI will have a product in the
         | form of AI models that have basically zero moat. They will be
         | Netscape in a world where Microsoft is giving away Internet
         | Explorer for free.
         | 
         | Meanwhile, Google would be perfectly fine. They can just
         | integrate whatever improvements the actually existing AI models
         | offer into their other products.
        
           | benterix wrote:
           | > They can just integrate whatever improvements the actually
           | existing AI models offer into their other products.
           | 
           | If this is what users actually want.
        
             | ActivePattern wrote:
             | Yes, as is implied by the word "improvements"
        
           | trenning wrote:
           | This is how I look at Meta as well. Despite how much it is
           | hated on here fb/ig/whatsapp aren't dying.
           | 
           | AI not getting much better from here is probably in their
           | best interest even.
           | 
           | It's just good enough to create the slop their users love to
           | post and engage with. The tools for advertisers are pretty
           | good and just need better products around current models.
           | 
           | And without new training costs "everyone" says inference is
           | profitable now, so they can keep all the slopgen tools around
           | for users after the bubble.
           | 
           | Right now the media is riding the wave of TPUs they for some
           | reason didn't know existed last week. But Google and meta
           | have the most to gain from AI not having any more massive
           | leaps towards agi.
        
           | treis wrote:
           | They're both all in on being a starting point to the
           | Internet. Painting with a broad brush that was Facebook or
           | Google Search. Now it's Facebook, Google Search, and ChatGPT.
           | 
           | There is absolutely a moat. OpenAI is going to have a
           | staggering amount of data on its users. People tell ChatGPT
           | everything and it probably won't be limited to what people
           | directly tell ChatGPT.
           | 
           | I think the future is something like how everyone built their
           | website with Google Analytics. Everyone will use OpenAI
           | because they will have a ton of context on their users that
           | will make your chatbot better. It's a self perpetuating cycle
           | because OpenAI will have the users to refine their product
           | against.
        
             | mnky9800n wrote:
             | yeah but your argument is true for every llm provider. so i
             | don't see how it's a moat since everyone who can raise
             | money to offer an llm can do the same thing. and google and
             | microsoft doesn't need to find llm revenue it can always
             | offer it at a loss if it chooses unless it's other revenue
             | streams suddenly evaporate. and tbh i kind of doubt
             | personalization is as deep of a moat as you think it is.
        
               | treis wrote:
               | Everyone could raise and build a search engine or social
               | network. Many did and none of them dethroned Google or
               | Facebook.
        
               | WhyOhWhyQ wrote:
               | Google can offer their services for free for a lot longer
               | than OpenAI can, and already does to students. DeepSeek
               | offers their competitor product to ChatGPT for free to
               | everyone already.
        
               | treis wrote:
               | I don't think that's accurate. They're within the range
               | of profitability on inference today and that's before
               | theyve started selling ads.
        
               | WhyOhWhyQ wrote:
               | On what basis do you say they're within the range of
               | profitability on inference today? Every source I see
               | paints a different story based on their own bias.
               | 
               | Ed Zitron has a bias and a narrative differing from
               | OpenAI's bias and narrative:
               | https://www.wheresyoured.at/oai_docs/
        
               | iso1631 wrote:
               | Social networks have network effects, the value comes
               | from other people on the network, not the platform
               | itself.
        
               | CamperBob2 wrote:
               | True enough, until it turns out that 90% of the people
               | are AI bots.
        
           | lenerdenator wrote:
           | > IMO the key problem that OpenAI have is that they are all-
           | in on AGI
           | 
           | I think this needs to be said again.
           | 
           | Also, not only do we not know if AGI is possible, but
           | generally speaking, it doesn't bring much value if it is.
           | 
           | At that point we're talking about up-ending 10,000 years of
           | human society and economics, assuming that the AGI doesn't
           | decide humans are too dangerous to keep around and have the
           | ability to wipe us out.
           | 
           | If I'm a worker or business owner, I don't need AGI. I need
           | something that gets x task done with a y increase in
           | efficiency. Most models today can do that provided the right
           | training for the person using the model.
           | 
           | The SV obsession with AGI is more of a self-important
           | Frankenstein-meets-Pascal's Wager proposition than it is a
           | value proposition. It needs to end.
        
             | efdee wrote:
             | Why would AGI not be possible?
             | 
             | It might be hard, it might be difficult, but it is
             | definitely possible. Us humans are the evidence for that.
        
               | gampleman wrote:
               | That's rather presupposing materialism (in the philosophy
               | of mind sense) is correct. That seems to be the consensus
               | theory, but it's not be shown 'definitely' true.
        
               | torginus wrote:
               | Because human brains are giant three-dimensional
               | processors containing billions of neurons (each with
               | computationally complex behaviors), each one performing
               | computations >3 orders of magnitude more efficiently than
               | transistors do, to train an intelligence with trillions
               | of connections in real time, while being attached to
               | incredibly sophisticated sensors and manipulators.
               | 
               | And despite all that, humans are still just made of dirt.
               | 
               | Even if we can get silicon to do _some_ of these tricks,
               | that 'd require multiple breakthroughs, and it wouldn't
               | be cost-competitive with humans for quite a while.
               | 
               | I would even think it's possible that building brain-
               | equivalent structures that consume the same power, and
               | can do all the stuff for the same amount of resources, is
               | a so far out science fiction proposition, that we can't
               | even give a prediction as to when it will happen, and for
               | practical purposes, biological intelligences will have an
               | insurmountable advantage for even the furthest
               | foreseeable future once you consider the economics of
               | humans vs machines.
        
               | rightbyte wrote:
               | > And despite all that, humans are still just made of
               | dirt.
               | 
               | No we become dirt. I guess we are made of wood and
               | computers are made of sand.
        
               | habinero wrote:
               | Theoretically possible doesn't mean we're capable of
               | doing it. Like, it's easy to _say_ "I'm gonna boil the
               | ocean" and another thing for _you personally_ to succeed
               | at it while on a specific beach with the contents of
               | several Home Depots.
               | 
               | Humans tend to vastly underestimate scale and complexity.
        
           | JumpCrisscross wrote:
           | > _they are all-in on AGI_
           | 
           | What are you basing this on? None of their investor-oriented
           | marketing says this.
        
             | perlgeek wrote:
             | https://openai.com/charter/
             | 
             | > OpenAI's mission is to ensure that artificial general
             | intelligence (AGI)--by which we mean highly autonomous
             | systems that outperform humans at most economically
             | valuable work--benefits all of humanity. We will attempt to
             | directly build safe and beneficial AGI, but will also
             | consider our mission fulfilled if our work aids others to
             | achieve this outcome.
             | 
             | Note that it doesn't say: "Our mission is to maximize
             | shareholder value, and we develop AI systems to do that".
        
               | bradleybuda wrote:
               | In fairness, no company's mission statement says
               | "maximize shareholder value" because it doesn't need to
               | be said - it's implicit. But I agree that AGI is at the
               | forefront of OpenAI's mission in a way it isn't for
               | Google - the nonprofit roots are not gone.
        
               | bc569a80a344f9c wrote:
               | I'm not nitpicking as such, I'm just providing a
               | counterexample because it is rather rare for a company to
               | spell it out:
               | 
               | > In order to achieve our mission, we will conduct our
               | business with the following Code of Ethics in mind:
               | 
               | > Obey the law.
               | 
               | > Take care of our members.
               | 
               | > Take care of our employees.
               | 
               | > Respect our suppliers.
               | 
               | > If we do these four things throughout our organization,
               | then we will achieve our ultimate goal, which is to
               | reward our shareholders.
               | 
               | https://customerservice.costco.com/app/answers/answer_vie
               | w/a...
        
               | nfw2 wrote:
               | If your mission is to build AGI, and building and
               | deploying it will take many years, an appropriate
               | strategy to accomplish that goal is to find other revenue
               | streams that will make the long haul possible.
        
             | andsoitis wrote:
             | The opening lines of their mission statement is direct
             | about this:
             | 
             | "OpenAI is an AI research and deployment company. Our
             | mission is to ensure that artificial general intelligence
             | benefits all of humanity."
             | 
             | and
             | 
             | "We are building safe and beneficial AGI, but will also
             | consider our mission fulfilled if our work aids others to
             | achieve this outcome."
             | 
             | https://openai.com/about/
        
             | WhyOhWhyQ wrote:
             | I don't know what the moneyed insiders think OpenAI is
             | about, but Sam Altman's public facing thoughts (which I
             | consider to be marketing) are definitely oriented toward
             | making it look like they are all-in on AGI:
             | 
             | See:
             | 
             | (1) https://blog.samaltman.com/the-gentle-singularity
             | (June, 2025) - "We are past the event horizon; the takeoff
             | has started. Humanity is close to building digital
             | superintelligence, and at least so far it's much less weird
             | than it seems like it should be."
             | 
             | - " It's hard to even imagine today what we will have
             | discovered by 2035; maybe we will go from solving high-
             | energy physics one year to beginning space colonization the
             | next year; or from a major materials science breakthrough
             | one year to true high-bandwidth brain-computer interfaces
             | the next year."
             | 
             | (2) https://blog.samaltman.com/three-observations (Feb,
             | 2025) - "Our mission is to ensure that AGI (Artificial
             | General Intelligence) benefits all of humanity."
             | 
             | - "In a decade, perhaps everyone on earth will be capable
             | of accomplishing more than the most impactful person can
             | today."
             | 
             | (3) https://blog.samaltman.com/reflections (Jan, 2025) -
             | "We started OpenAI almost nine years ago because we
             | believed that AGI was possible, and that it could be the
             | most impactful technology in human history"
             | 
             | - "We are now confident we know how to build AGI as we have
             | traditionally understood it."
             | 
             | (4) https://ia.samaltman.com/ (Sep, 2024) - "This may turn
             | out to be the most consequential fact about all of history
             | so far. It is possible that we will have superintelligence
             | in a few thousand days (!); it may take longer, but I'm
             | confident we'll get there."
             | 
             | (5) https://blog.samaltman.com/the-merge (Dec, 2017) - "A
             | popular topic in Silicon Valley is talking about what year
             | humans and machines will merge (or, if not, what year
             | humans will get surpassed by rapidly improving AI or a
             | genetically enhanced species). Most guesses seem to be
             | between 2025 and 2075."
             | 
             | (I omitted about as many essays. The hype is strong in this
             | one.)
        
           | jug wrote:
           | I've also thought of this and what's more, Google's platform
           | provides them with training from YouTube, optimal backend
           | access to the Google Search index for grounding from an
           | engine they've honed for decades, training from their
           | smartphones, smart home devices and TV's, Google Cloud... And
           | as you say, also the reverse; empowering their services from
           | said AI, too.
           | 
           | They can also run AI as a loss leader like with Antigravity.
           | 
           | Meanwhile, OpenAI looks like they're fumbling with that
           | immediately controversial statement about allowing NSFW after
           | adult verification, and that strange AI social network which
           | mostly led to Sora memes outside of it.
           | 
           | I think they're going to need to do better. As for coding
           | tools, Anthropic is an ever stronger contender there, if they
           | weren't pressured from Google already.
        
           | tarsinge wrote:
           | Not only this, but there is a compounded bet that it'll be
           | OpenAI that cracks AGI and not another lab, particularly
           | Google from which LLMs come in the first place. What makes
           | OpenAI researchers so special at this point?
        
             | hdjrudni wrote:
             | What's more -- how long can they keep the lid on AGI? If
             | anyone actually cracks it... surely competitors are only a
             | couple months behind. At least that seems to be the case
             | with every new model thus far.
        
           | cyanydeez wrote:
           | Also, they'll have garbage because the curve is sinusoidal
           | and not anything else. Regardless of the moat, the models
           | won't be powerful enough to do a significant amount of work.
        
           | sholain wrote:
           | "don't have anything else of any value. " ?
           | 
           | OpenAI is still de facto the market leader in terms of
           | selling tokens.
           | 
           | "zero moat" - it's a big enough moat that only maybe four
           | companies in the world have that level of capability, they
           | have the strongest global brand awareness and direct user
           | base, they have some tooling and integrations which are
           | relatively unique etc..
           | 
           | 'Cloud' is a bigger business than AI at least today, and what
           | is 'AWS moat'? When AWS started out, they had 0 reach into
           | Enterprise while Google and AWS had infinity capital and
           | integration with business and they still lost.
           | 
           | There's a lot of talk of this tech as though it's a
           | commodity, it really isn't.
           | 
           | The evidence is in the context of the article aka this is an
           | extraordinary expensive market to compete in. Their lack of
           | deep pockets may be the problem, less so than everything
           | else.
           | 
           | This should be an existential concern for AI market as a
           | whole, much like Oil companies before highway project
           | buildout as the only entities able to afford to build toll
           | roads. Did we want Exxon owning all of the Highways 'because
           | free market'?
           | 
           | Even more than Chips, the costs are energy and other issues,
           | for which Chinese government has a national strategy which is
           | absolutely already impacting the AI market. If they're able
           | to build out 10x data centres at offer 1/10th the price at
           | least for all the non-Frontier LLM, and some right at the
           | Frontier, well, that would be bad in the geopolitical sense.
        
             | podgietaru wrote:
             | I mean, on your Cloud point I think AWS' moat might
             | arguably be a set of deep integrations between services,
             | and friendly API's that allow developers to quickly
             | integrate and iterate.
             | 
             | If AWS' was still just EC2, and S3 then I would argue they
             | had very little moat indeed.
             | 
             | Now, when it comes to Generative AI models, we will need to
             | see where the dust settles. But open-weight alternatives
             | have shown that you can get a decent level of performance
             | on consumer grade hardware.
             | 
             | Training AI is absolutely a task that needs deep pockets,
             | and heavy scale. If we settle into a world where
             | improvements are iterative, the tooling is largely
             | interoperable... Then OpenAI are going to have to start
             | finding ways of making money that are not providing API
             | access to a model. They will have to build a moat. And that
             | moat may well be a deep set of integrations, and an
             | ecosystem that makes moving away hard, as it arguably is
             | with the cloud.
        
               | vl wrote:
               | EC2 and S3 moat comes from extreme economies of scale.
               | Only Google and Microsoft can compete. You would never be
               | able to achieve S3 profitability because you are not
               | going to get same hardware deals, same peering
               | agreements, same data center optimization advantages. On
               | top of that there is extremely optimized software stack
               | (S3 runs at ~98% utilization, capacity deployed just
               | couple weeks in advance, i.e. if they don't install new
               | storage, they will run out of capacity in a month).
        
               | bloppe wrote:
               | I wouldn't call it a moat. A moat is more about switching
               | costs rather than quality differentiation. You have a
               | moat when your customers don't want to switch to a
               | competitor despite that competitor having a superior
               | product at a better price.
        
               | mystifyingpoi wrote:
               | > S3 runs at ~98% utilization
               | 
               | I'm geniuinely curious, source?
        
             | bloppe wrote:
             | The AWS moat is a web of bespoke product lock-in and
             | exorbitant egress fees. Switching cloud providers can be a
             | huge hassle if you didn't architect your whole system to be
             | as vendor-agnostic as possible.
             | 
             | If OpenAI eliminated their free tier today, how many
             | customers would actually stick around instead is going to
             | Google's free AI? It's way easier to swap out a model. I
             | use multiple models every day until the free frontier
             | tokens run out, then I switch.
             | 
             | That said, idk why Claude seems to be the only one that
             | does decent agents, but that's not exactly a moat; it's
             | just product superiority. Google and OAI offer the same
             | exact product (albeit at a slightly lower level of quality)
             | and switching is effortless.
        
               | sholain wrote:
               | There are quite large 'switching costs' from moving a
               | solution that's dependent on on model and ecosystem, to
               | another.
               | 
               | Models have to significantly outperform on some metric in
               | order to even justify looking at it.
               | 
               | Even for smaller 'entrenchements' like individual
               | developers - Gemeni 3 had our attention for all of 7
               | days, now that Opus 4.5 is out, well, none of my
               | colleagues are talking abut G3 anymore. I mean, it's a
               | great model, but not 'good enough' yet.
               | 
               | I use that as an example to illustrate broader dynamics.
               | 
               | Open AI, Anthropic and Google are the primary
               | participants here, with Grok possibly playing a role, and
               | of course all of the Chinese models being an unknown
               | quantity because they're exceptional in different ways.
        
               | hdjrudni wrote:
               | Aren't you contradicting yourself? To even be considering
               | all the various models, the switching cost can't be that
               | large.
               | 
               | I think the issue here isn't really that it's "hard to
               | switch" it's that it's easier yet to wait 1 more week to
               | see what your current provider is cooking up.
               | 
               | But if any of them start lagging for a few months I'm
               | sure a lot of folks will jump ship.
        
               | bloppe wrote:
               | Switching a complex cloud deployment from AWS to GCP
               | might take a dedicated team of engineers several months.
               | Switching between models can be done by a single person
               | in an afternoon (often just 5 minutes). That's what we're
               | talking about.
               | 
               | That means that none of these products can ever have a
               | high profit margin. They have to keep margins razor thin
               | at best (deeply negative at present) to stay relevant. In
               | order to achieve the kinds of margins that real moats
               | provide, these labs need major research breakthroughs.
               | And we haven't had any of those since Attention is All
               | You Need.
        
               | sholain wrote:
               | " Switching between models can be done by a single person
               | in an afternoon (often just 5 minutes). That's what we're
               | talking about."
               | 
               | Good gosh, no, for comprehensive systems it's
               | considerably more complicated than that. There's a lot of
               | bespoke tuning, caching works completely differently
               | etc..
               | 
               | "That means that none of these products can ever have a
               | high profit margin."
               | 
               | No, it doesn't. Most cloud providers operate on a 'basis'
               | of commodity (linux, storage, networking) with
               | proprietary elements, similar to LLMs.
               | 
               | There doesn't need to be any 'breakthroughs' to find
               | broad use cases.
               | 
               | The issue right now is the enormous underlying cost of
               | training and inference - that's the qualifying
               | characteristic that makes this landscape different.
        
             | diamond559 wrote:
             | Selling tokens at a massive loss, burning billions a
             | quarter isn't the win you think it is. They don't have a
             | moat bc they literally just lost the lead, you only can
             | have a moat when you are the dominant market leader which
             | they never were in the first place.
        
               | SR2Z wrote:
               | All indications are that selling tokens is a profitable
               | activity for all of the AI companies - at least in terms
               | of compute.
               | 
               | OpenAI loses money on free users and paying the absurdly
               | high salaries that they've chosen to offer.
        
               | delis-thumbs-7e wrote:
               | What indications?
        
               | ludicrousdispla wrote:
               | Chuck-E-Cheese is also very good at selling tokens.
        
               | mbesto wrote:
               | > All indications are that selling tokens is a profitable
               | activity for all of the AI companies - at least in terms
               | of compute.
               | 
               | We actually don't this yet because the useful life of the
               | capital assets (mainly NVIDIA GPUs) isn't really well
               | understood yet. This is being hotly debated by wall st
               | analysts for this exact reason.
               | 
               | https://www.cnbc.com/2025/11/14/ai-gpu-depreciation-
               | coreweav...
        
               | sholain wrote:
               | Gemeni does not have 'the lead' in anything but a
               | benchmark.
               | 
               | The most applicable benchmarks right now are in software,
               | and devs will not switch from Claude Code or Codex to
               | Antigravity, it's not even a complete product.
               | 
               | This again highlights quite well the arbitrary nature of
               | supposed 'leads' and what that actually means in terms of
               | product penetration.
               | 
               | And it's not easy to 'copy' these models or integrations.
        
               | riffraff wrote:
               | Gemini-cli existed long before Antigravity. It took
               | Google very little.
               | 
               | And the gemini app will come preloaded on any android
               | phone, who else can say the same?
        
               | user34283 wrote:
               | Speak for yourself - I cancelled the Claude Code
               | subscription after testing Antigravity.
               | 
               | It works quite well here, and my phone came with a year
               | of free Gemini Pro, so I don't currently see a reason to
               | pay extra.
        
             | zamadatix wrote:
             | I think you're measuring the moat of developing the first
             | LLMs but the moat to care about is what it'll take to clone
             | the final profit generating product. Sometimes the OG tech
             | leader is also the long term winner, many times they are
             | not. Until you know what the actual giant profit generator
             | is (e.g. for Google it was ads) then it's not really
             | possible to say how much of a moat will be kept around it.
             | Right now, the giant profit generator is not seeming to be
             | the number of tokens generated itself - that is really
             | coming at a massive loss.
        
           | nradov wrote:
           | The moat for any frontier LLM developer will be access to
           | proprietary training data. OpenAI is spending some of their
           | cash to license exclusive rights to third party data, and
           | also hiring human experts in certain fields just to create
           | more internal training data. Of course their competitors are
           | also doing the same. We may end up in a situation where each
           | LLM ends up superior in some domains and inferior in others
           | depending on access to high quality training data.
        
             | throwaway1389z wrote:
             | "Needs cash" is not a moat.
        
         | tpurves wrote:
         | Thanks for calling this out. Here is a better comparison.
         | Before Google was founded, the market for online search
         | advertising was negligible. But the global market for all
         | advertising media spend was on the order of 400B (NYT 1998).
         | Today, Google's advertising revenue is around 260B / year or
         | about 60% of the _entire_ global advertising spend circa 1998.
         | 
         | If you think of openAI like a new google, as in a new category-
         | defining primary channel for consumers to search and discover
         | products. Well, 2% does seem pretty low.
        
           | beowulfey wrote:
           | But that occurred with a new form of media that people now
           | use in more of their time than back before Google. It implies
           | AI is growth in time spent. I think the trend is more likely
           | that AI will replace other media.
        
           | tonyedgecombe wrote:
           | >Today, Google's advertising revenue is around 260B / year or
           | about 60% of the entire global advertising spend circa 1998.
           | 
           | Or about 30% of the global advertising spend circa 2024.
           | 
           | I wonder if there is an upper bound on what portion of the
           | economy can be advertising. At some point it must become
           | saturated. People can only consume so much marketing.
        
             | jononor wrote:
             | Advertising is in many market like a tax or tariff -
             | something all businesses needs to pay. Think of selling
             | consumer goods online - you need ads on social media to
             | bring in customers. Spending 10% on ads as COGS is a no
             | brainer. 20% too. Maybe it could go as high as 50% - if the
             | companies do not really have an alternative, and all the
             | competitors ard doing it too? They are just going to pass
             | the bill to the consumer anyway...
        
           | Keyframe wrote:
           | i hate to be that guy, but.. before google was around, it was
           | the first wave of commercial internet - for all of what five
           | years? Online search was a thing, in-fact it was THE thing
           | across many vendors and all relied on advertising revenue.
           | Revenue on the internet which was ramping up still for dotcom
           | era in those few years. Google's ad revenue vs 98 global ad
           | spend revenue - is that inflation adjusted? Global markets
           | development since then, internet economy expansion, even
           | sheer number of people alive.. completely different worlds.
           | 
           | What might stand from comparison is google introduced a good
           | product people wanted to use and innovative approach to
           | marketing at the time which was unobtrusive. Product drive
           | the traffic. It was quite a bit before Google figured it all
           | out though.
        
         | pbreit wrote:
         | FT is really losing it. Used to be reliable with quality takes.
         | Now mostly following in line with the spectating takers.
        
           | KaiserPro wrote:
           | In what sense? They are asking the questions that investment
           | managers would be asking, like: "where the fuck is your
           | revenue going to come from"
           | 
           | and "200 billion, when your revenue is 12, is the market you
           | are targeting actually big enough to support that"
        
           | almostkindatech wrote:
           | It's FT Alphaville, which means it's only supposed to be a
           | blog-style comment on the HSBC report
        
           | NewsaHackO wrote:
           | It is to the point of yellow journalism. They know that the
           | "OpenAI is going to go belly up in a week!" take is going to
           | be popular with AI skeptics, which includes a large number of
           | HN viewers. This thread shot up to the top of the front page
           | almost immediately. All of that adds to the chances of roping
           | in more subscribers.
        
           | _trampeltier wrote:
           | FT (like all media) does not sell news, they sell ads.
        
             | iso1631 wrote:
             | FT's advertising revenue is under half of their total
             | revenue
        
         | techblueberry wrote:
         | Seems like ad targeting might be a tough sell here though, it'd
         | basically have to be "trust me bro". Like - I want to advertise
         | coca-cola when people ask about terraforming deserts? I think I
         | wouldn't be either surprised by amazing success or terrifying
         | failure.
         | 
         | Perplexity actually did search with references linked to
         | websites they could relate in a graph and even that only made
         | them like $27k.
         | 
         | I think the problem is on Facebook and Google you can build an
         | actual graph because content is a thing (a url, video link
         | etc). It will be much harder to I think convert my
         | philosophical musings into active insights.
        
           | ml-anon wrote:
           | So few people understand how advertising on the internet
           | works and that is I guess why Google and Meta basically print
           | money.
           | 
           | Even here the idea that it's as simple as "just sell ads" is
           | utterly laughable and yet it's literally the mechanism by
           | which most of the internet operates.
        
         | observationist wrote:
         | You have to take into consideration the source. FT is part of
         | the Anthropic circle of media outlets and financial ties. It
         | benefits them to create a draft of support to OpenAI
         | competition, primarily Anthropic, but they(FT) also have deep
         | ties to Google and the adtech regime.
         | 
         | They benefit from slowing and attacking OpenAI because there's
         | no clear purpose for these centralized media platforms except
         | as feeds for AI, and even then, social media and independents
         | are higher quality sources and filters. Independents are often
         | making more money doing their own journalism directly than the
         | 9 to 5 office drones the big outlets are running. Print media
         | has been on the decline for almost 3 decades now, and AI is
         | just the latest asteroid impact, so they're desperate to stay
         | relevant and profitable.
         | 
         | They're not dead yet, and they're using lawsuits and backroom
         | deals to insert themselves into the ecosystem wherever they
         | can.
         | 
         | This stuff boils down to heavily biased industry propaganda,
         | subtly propping up their allies, overtly bashing and degrading
         | their opponents. Maybe this will be the decade the old media
         | institutions finally wither up and die. New media already
         | captures more than 90% of the available attention in the
         | market. There will be one last feeding frenzy as they bilk the
         | boomers as hard as possible, but boomers are on their last
         | hurrah, and they'll be the last generation for whom TV ads are
         | meaningfully relevant.
         | 
         | Newspapers, broadcast TV, and radio are dead, long live the
         | media. I, for one, welcome our new AI overlords.
        
           | borski wrote:
           | All of which is great theory without any kind of evidence?
           | Whereas the evidence pretty clearly shows OpenAI is losing
           | tons of money and the revenue is not on track to recover it?
        
             | observationist wrote:
             | Well, for one, the model doesn't take into account various
             | factors, assumes a fixed cost per token, and doesn't allow
             | for the people in charge of buying and selling the compute
             | to make decisions that make financial sense. Some of OpenAI
             | research commitments and compute is going toward research,
             | with no contracted need for profit or even revenue.
             | 
             | If you account for the current trajectory of model
             | capabilities, bare-minimum competence and good faith on
             | behalf of OpenAI and cloud compute providers, then it's
             | nowhere near a money pit or shenanigan, it's typical VC
             | medium to high risk investment plays.
             | 
             | At some point they'll pull back the free stuff and the
             | compute they're burning to attract and retain free users,
             | they'll also dial in costs and tweak their profit per token
             | figure. A whole lot of money is being spent right now as
             | marketing by providing free or subsidized access to
             | ChatGPT.
             | 
             | If they wanted to maximize exposure, then dial in costs,
             | they could be profitable with no funding shortfalls by 2030
             | if they pivot, dial back available free access,
             | aggressively promote paid tiers and product integrations.
             | 
             | This doesn't even take into account the shopping
             | assistant/adtech deals, just ongoing research trajectories,
             | assumed improved efficiencies, and some pegged performance
             | level presumed to be "good enough" at the baseline.
             | 
             | They're in maximum overdrive expansion mode, staying
             | relatively nimble, and they've got the overall lead in AI,
             | for now. I don't much care for Sam Altman on a personal
             | level, but he is a very savvy and ruthless player of the VC
             | game, with some of the best ever players of those games as
             | his mentors and allies. I have a default presumption of
             | competence and skillful maneuvering when it comes to
             | OpenAI.
             | 
             | When an article like this FT piece comes out and makes
             | assumptions of negligence and incompetence and projects the
             | current state of affairs out 5 years in order to paint a
             | negative picture, then I have to take FT and their biases
             | and motivations into account.
             | 
             | The FT article is painting a worst case scenario based on
             | the premise "what if everyone involved behaved like
             | irresponsible morons and didn't do anything well or
             | correctly!" Turns out, things would go very badly in that
             | case.
             | 
             | ChatGPT was released less than 3 years ago. I think
             | predicting what's going to happen in even 1 year is way
             | beyond the capabilities of FT prognosticators, let alone 5
             | years. We're not in a regime where Bryce Elder, finance and
             | markets journalist, is capable or qualified to make
             | predictions that will be sensible over any significant
             | period of time. Even the CEOs of the big labs aren't in a
             | position to say where we'll be in 5 years. I'd start
             | getting _really_ skeptical when people start going past 2
             | years, across the board, for almost anything at this point.
             | 
             | Things are going to get weird, and the rate at which things
             | get weird will increase even faster than our ability to
             | notice the weirdness.
        
               | borski wrote:
               | All of which is more theory. Of course nobody can predict
               | the future. Your argument is essentially "they have
               | enough money and enough ability to attract more that
               | they'll figure it out," just like Amazon did, who were
               | also famously unprofitable but could "turn it on at any
               | time."
               | 
               | FT's argument is, essentially, "we're in a bubble and
               | OpenAI raised too much and may not make it out."
               | 
               | Neither of us knows which is more correct. But it is
               | certainly at least a very real possibility that the FT is
               | more correct. Just like the Internet was a great "game
               | changer" and "bubble maker," so are LLMs/AI.
               | 
               | I think it's quite obvious we're in a bubble right now.
               | At some point, those pop.
               | 
               | The question becomes: is OpenAI AOL? Or Yahoo? Or is it
               | Google?
               | 
               | I don't think anybody is arguing it's Pets.com.
        
               | disgruntledphd2 wrote:
               | That's a fabulous tale you've told (the notion that
               | there's a bunch of Anthropic leaning sites is my personal
               | favourite) but alas, the article is reporting on a GSBC
               | report which they are justifiably sceptical if, and does
               | not in any way, shape or form represent the FTs beliefs.
               | 
               | AI can both be a transformative technology and the
               | economics may also not make sense.
        
         | roadside_picnic wrote:
         | > It also estimates that LLM companies will capture 2% of the
         | digital advertising market, which seems kind of low to me.
         | 
         | I'm not super bullish on "AI" in general (despite, or maybe
         | because of working in this space the last few years), but
         | strongly agree that the advertising revenue that LLM providers
         | will capture _can_ be potentially huge.
         | 
         | Even if LLMs never deliver on their big technical promises, I
         | know so many casual users of LLMs that basically have replaced
         | their own thought process with "AI". But this is an _insane_
         | opportunity for marketing /advertising that stands to be a much
         | of a sea change in the space as Google was (if not more so).
         | 
         | People _trust_ LLMs with tons of personal information, and then
         | also trust it to advise them. Give this behavior a few more
         | years to continue to normalize and product recommendations from
         | AI will be as trusted as those from a close friends. This is
         | the _holy grail_ of marketing.
         | 
         | I was having dinner with some friends and one asked "Why
         | doesn't Claude link to Amazon when recommending a book?
         | Couldn't they make a ton in affiliate links?" My response was
         | that I suspect Anthropic would rather pass on that easy revenue
         | to build trust so that one day they can recommend _and sell_
         | the book to you.
         | 
         | And, because everything about LLMs is closed and private, I
         | suspect we won't even know when this is happening. There's a
         | world where you ask an LLM for a recipe, it provides all the
         | ingredients for your meal from paid sponsors, then schedules to
         | have them delivered to your door bypassing Amazon all together.
         | 
         | All of this can be achieved with just adding layers on to what
         | AI already is today.
        
           | Avicebron wrote:
           | What in the dystopia?
           | 
           | The "holy grail" of the AI business model is to build a
           | feeling of trust and security with their product and then
           | turn around to try and gouge you on hemmorrhoid cream and the
           | like?
           | 
           | We really need to stop the worship of mustache twirling
           | exploitation
        
             | roadside_picnic wrote:
             | There's no worship here on my part (in fact I got out of
             | the AI space because was increasingly less about
             | tech/solving problems, and more about pure hype), but my
             | experience in this industry has been that the most
             | dystopian path tends to be the most likely. I would prefer
             | if Google search, Reddit and YouTube were closer to what
             | they were 15 years ago, but I do recognize how they got
             | here.
             | 
             | I mean, look at all this "alignment" research. I think the
             | people _working_ in this space sincerely believe they are
             | protecting humanity of a  "misaligned" AGI, but I also
             | strongly believe the people _paying_ for this research want
             | to figure out how to make sure we can keep LLMs _aligned_
             | with the interests of advertisers.
             | 
             | Meta put so much money into the Metaverse because they were
             | looking for the next space that would be like the iPhone
             | ecosystem: one of total control (but ideally better).
             | Already people are using LLMs for more and more mundane
             | tasks, I can easily imagine a world where an LLM is _the_
             | interface for interacting online world rather than a web
             | browser (isn 't that what we want with all these "agents"?)
             | People already have AI lovers, have AI telling them that
             | they are gods, having people connecting with them on a
             | deeper level than they should. You believe Sam Altman
             | doesn't realize the potential for exploitation here is
             | _unbounded_?
             | 
             | What AI represents is where a single company control every
             | piece of information fed to you and has also established
             | deep trust with you. All the benefits of running a social
             | media company (unlimited free content creation, social
             | trust) with none of the draw backs (having to manage and
             | pay content creators).
        
           | torginus wrote:
           | In my experience LLMs suck at (product) recommendations - I
           | was looking for books with certain themes, asked ChatGPT 5,
           | the answer was vague, generic and didn't fit the bill. At
           | another time I writing an essay and was looking for famous
           | figures to cite as examples of an archetype, and ChatGPT's
           | answers were barely related.
           | 
           | In both cases, LLMs gave me examples that were generally
           | famous, but very tangentially related to the subject at hand
           | (at times, ChatGPT was reaching or straight up made up
           | stuff).
           | 
           | I don't know why it has this bias, but it certainly does.
        
             | Anon1096 wrote:
             | I work on rec systems.
             | 
             | The ideal here will be a multi tiered approach where the
             | LLM first identifies that a book should be recommended, a
             | traditional recommendation system chooses the best book for
             | the user (from a bank of books that are part of an ads
             | campaign), and then finally the LLM weaving that into the
             | final response by prompt suggestion. All of this is
             | individually well tested for efficacy within the social
             | media industry.
             | 
             | I'll probably get comments calling this dystopian but I'm
             | just addressing the claim that LLMs don't do good
             | recommendations right now, which is not fundamental to the
             | chatbot system.
        
               | torginus wrote:
               | All this would imply that the core value derives from
               | better rec systems and not LLMs, which will merely embed
               | the recommendation into their polite fluff.
               | 
               | Rec systems are in use right now everywhere, and they're
               | not exactly mindblowing in practice. If we take my
               | example of books with certain plotlines, it would need
               | some super-high quality feature extraction from books
               | (which would be even more valuable imo, than having
               | better algorithms working on worse data). LLMs can
               | certainly help with that, but that's just one domain.
               | 
               | And that would be a bespoke solution for just books,
               | which would, if worked, would work with a standard search
               | bar, no LLM needed in the final product.
               | 
               | We would need people to solve every domain for
               | recommendation, whereas a group of knowledgeable humans
               | can give you great tips on every domain they're familiar
               | with on what to read, watch, buy to fix your leaky roof,
               | etc.
               | 
               | So in essence, what you suggest would amount to giving up
               | on LLMs (except as helpers for data curation and feature
               | extraction) and going back to things we know work.
        
         | idontwantthis wrote:
         | > It also estimates that LLM companies will capture 2% of the
         | digital advertising market, which seems kind of low to me.
         | 
         | This cannot all be about advertising. They are selling a global
         | paradigm shift not a fraction of low conversion rate eyeballs.
         | If they start claiming advertising is a big part of their
         | revenue stream then we will know that AI has reached a dead
         | end.
        
         | baxtr wrote:
         | I mean seriously, if they offered ChatGPT for free but with ads
         | I bet many would use that.
         | 
         | There is your multi-bn $ revenue stream.
        
         | nextaccountic wrote:
         | > it will likely be harder to block
         | 
         | Maybe users will employ LLMs to block ads? There's a problem in
         | that local LLMs are less powerful and so would have a hard time
         | blocking stealth ads crafted from a more powerful LLM, and
         | would also add latency (remote LLMs add latency too, but the
         | user may not want to pay double for that)
        
         | everdrive wrote:
         | Do we have a model for how advertising with LLMs will work?
        
       | darkwizard42 wrote:
       | Is there any link directly to the report? I am unable to find any
       | in this article or a number of others which seem to just copy the
       | same information here.
       | 
       | I think beyond the number of crazy assumptions (no Google taking
       | market share in the consumer market?? only 2% of digital
       | advertising expected to be captured by OpenAI?) it is hard to
       | nail down which levers could move which might make this funding
       | hole disappear.
        
         | NewsaHackO wrote:
         | No, and there never will be. The second you ask anyone for hard
         | numbers about OpenAI's (or any AI's) unprofitability, everyone
         | evaporates (which is weird considering how quantitative the HN
         | crowd tries to be, compared to, say, reddit). Everything is
         | just "professional opinions" on economics by tech bro bloggers.
        
           | darkwizard42 wrote:
           | I'm not looking for OpenAI numbers, I'm looking for the HSBC
           | report which would contain more numbers regarding how they
           | did their estimates.
        
       | aurareturn wrote:
       | The team also assumes LLM companies will capture 2 per cent of
       | the digital advertising market in revenue, from slightly more
       | than zero currently.
       | 
       | This seems quite low. Meta has 3.5 billion users and projected
       | ~$200b revenue in 2025. ChatGPT is at ~1 billion so far. By 2030,
       | let's just stay ChatGPT reaches 2 billion years or 57% of Meta's
       | current users. I'd like to think that OpenAI's digital ad revenue
       | should reach 10% by 2030 an then accelerate from there. In my
       | opinion, the data that ChatGPT has on a user is better than the
       | inferred user data from Instagram/FB usage. I think ChatGPT can
       | build a better advertisement profile of each user than Meta can
       | which can lead to better ad targeting. Further more, I think
       | ChatGPT can really create a novel advertisement platform such as
       | learning about sponsored products directly via chat. I'm already
       | asking ChatGPT about potential products and services everyday
       | like medicine, travel, gadgets, etc.
       | 
       | I think people are severely underestimating ChatGPT as a way to
       | make money other than subscriptions. I also think people are
       | underestimating the branding power ChatGPT has already. All my
       | friends have ChatGPT on their phone. None of them except me has
       | Gemini or Claude app.
       | 
       | This doesn't account for OpenAI's other ambitions such as Sora
       | app.
       | 
       | Hey Sam Altman or OpenAI employee, if you are reading this, I
       | think you should buy the North American version of TikTok if the
       | opportunity presents itself. The future of short videos will be
       | heavily AI generated/assisted. Combine Tiktok's audience with
       | your Sora tools and ChatGPT data and you got yourself a true
       | Instagram competitor immediately. If the $14b sales price of US
       | Tiktok is real, that's an absolute bargain in the grand scheme of
       | things.
        
         | l2silver wrote:
         | I wonder if meta is a poor comparison for advertising because
         | they're users tend to spend more time on their products doom
         | scrolling, as opposed to something like google, where you get
         | your answer right away and move on.
        
           | aurareturn wrote:
           | ChatGPT is a hybrid between Google and Meta. People use it
           | for product and service search and research. People also use
           | it as a companion - especially young people.
           | 
           | It's becoming social as well: https://openai.com/index/group-
           | chats-in-chatgpt/
        
         | gtirloni wrote:
         | > Meta has 3.5 billion users and projected ~$200b revenue in
         | 2025.
         | 
         | Meta has WhatsApp, Instagram, and Facebook to account for that.
         | 
         | OpenAI has ChatGPT (not a social platform).
         | 
         | It seems to me you're comparing apples and oranges here.
        
           | k_kelly wrote:
           | Google makes over a billion of its ad Revenue from search.
           | Intent works.
           | 
           | But I think Open AI is not a slam dunk for Ads. Gemini and AI
           | mode will compete for the same budget, and Google's Ad
           | machine is polished.
           | 
           | I think eventually you will buy Ads for Open AI in Google's
           | marketing platforms, just like most people buy bing ads in
           | Google.
        
             | aurareturn wrote:
             | OpenAI knows my intent better than Google.
             | 
             | I'm telling it nearly everything from my work problems to
             | health problems to love life problems to product research,
             | traveling plans, etc.
        
               | jayd16 wrote:
               | Google and Meta know your intent without you even telling
               | them...
        
               | tantalor wrote:
               | That's different than intent.
               | 
               | Your intent is the immediate need: how do I fix this
               | leaky faucet?
               | 
               | Your user profile (love life problems) is generally not
               | useful there.
        
               | phatfish wrote:
               | Maybe, but OpenAI only get the data you decide to type
               | into ChatGPT in a vibe therapy session or whatever, and
               | they have to burn a load of GPU time to keep you feeding
               | it more slop.
               | 
               | Google just passively collects email and browsing
               | history, much better data for targeting ads and way less
               | cost to run.
        
               | tarsinge wrote:
               | Problem is the day Google puts a similarly priced and
               | more powerful chatbot similar to ChatGPT and powered by
               | Gemini most users will switch without a second thought,
               | and Google will get all that data about their personal
               | life too. OpenAI having a free tier with powerful models
               | is unsustainable, brand loyalty is a joke at this stage,
               | people will not bother going to ChatGPT if the search bar
               | in their browser starts a discussion with Google. I'm
               | sure big players like Google know OpenAI is a temporary
               | scheme to get free money, they are surfing along now but
               | they are playing the long game.
        
               | ml-anon wrote:
               | You do not understand how online ads work. Please just
               | stop.
        
               | freejazz wrote:
               | Yeesh
        
           | aurareturn wrote:
           | OpenAI has ChatGPT (not a social platform).
           | 
           | You didn't state reasons why not being a social platform
           | matters here.
           | 
           | Anyways, check this out: https://openai.com/index/group-
           | chats-in-chatgpt/                 It seems to me you're
           | comparing apples and oranges here.
           | 
           | I don't think so. 1 billion users and a clear intention to
           | deliver ads with an immense amount of data on users. That's a
           | clear threat to both Meta and Google.
           | 
           | PS. That's why Meta and Google are all in on AI. OpenAI is an
           | existential threat to both in my humble opinion.
        
             | ncallaway wrote:
             | > You didn't state reasons why not being a social platform
             | matters here.
             | 
             | The network effects _matter_ so much more for a social
             | platform than a chat bot. The switching costs for a user
             | are _much_ lower, so users can move to a different one much
             | easier.
             | 
             | How sticky will chat bots prove to be in the long term?
             | Will OpenAI be able to maintain a lead in the space in the
             | long term, the way Google was over Bing? It's possible, but
             | it's also pretty easy to imagine other providers being
             | competitive and a landscape where users move between
             | different LLMs more fluidly
        
               | empiko wrote:
               | Another reason why social media matters is that people
               | actually spend their free time in all those feeds. On the
               | other hand, using LLMs is much more oriented towards
               | specific utilities. Having 1B users who visit you once a
               | day to ask for an email proofread will not make you
               | profitable.
        
               | justincormack wrote:
               | But, like search, it captures intent to buy much better,
               | while looking at feeds for internatinment does not.
               | Adwords worked because of that, they could capture ad
               | revenue on queries that lead to sales. The amount of
               | extra context in AI chat is even better, as is the
               | ability to steer the conversation to different options.
        
               | aurareturn wrote:
               | No one spends their free time on Google search either.
               | Didn't stop Google from being even more profitable than
               | Meta.
        
             | input_sh wrote:
             | > You didn't state reasons why not being a social platform
             | matters here.
             | 
             | There's nothing to pointlessly waste your time on. You open
             | it to do a thing, you either do the thing or get frustrated
             | or leave. Social networks are designed to waste your time
             | even when they outlive their usefulness, therefore they can
             | serve you more ads.
             | 
             | You could argue Google is the same as ChatGPT in that
             | regard, but that's why Google has Adsense in almost any
             | search result you click on.
             | 
             | As for your group chats feature argument, anyone can _make_
             | a social network, that 's the easy part. Getting friend
             | groups to switch is the more difficult part.
             | 
             | > PS. That's why Meta and Google are all in on AI. OpenAI
             | is an existential threat to both in my humble opinion.
             | 
             | They're all in on AI because that's what their investors
             | want them to do to "not be left behind". Meta was all in
             | Metaverse. And on a cryptocurrency before that (Diem). And
             | on Free Basics before that. The fact that none of those
             | succeeded didn't hurt them at all precisely because they
             | had an infinite money glitch known as ads.
             | 
             | They can afford to waste amounts of money equivalent to a
             | yearly budget of a small country, ChatGPT can't.
        
             | adammarples wrote:
             | I think Google is the much bigger threat. I've more or elss
             | stopped using ChatGPT now, it's easier to just type the
             | question directly into Google and get the response from
             | their AI rather than navigating to chatgpt first. Anecdotal
             | but I don't see anything long term keeping people on that
             | site.
        
           | KaiserPro wrote:
           | > It seems to me you're comparing apples and oranges here.
           | 
           | apart from those oranges have ~100bn a year to spend on rnd
           | and still make a profit, where as openai doesn't
           | 
           | So yes, it is apples to oranges. but its reality.
        
           | edm0nd wrote:
           | I think the play here for OpenAI is they will eventually
           | acquire reddit and that will be their first intro into a
           | social platform.
           | 
           | Then they will have a social platform that they will continue
           | to use to mine AI training data from + a source of ad
           | revenue.
        
         | arionmiles wrote:
         | >I think you should buy the North American version of TikTok if
         | the opportunity presents itself. The future of short videos
         | will be heavily AI generated/assisted.
         | 
         | I will have whatever you're smoking. If a social media platform
         | literally proves the dead internet theory, it's not making any
         | money.
        
           | csomar wrote:
           | I actually believe we are speed running into this. I have
           | seen way too many people watching AI generated videos and
           | scrolling through them.
        
           | MisterTea wrote:
           | > short videos will be heavily AI generated/assisted.
           | 
           | Low effort input. Low effort consumption. What a depressing
           | vision of the suture. This is why I don't use social media.
        
         | mbesto wrote:
         | > Meta has 3.5 billion users and projected ~$200b revenue in
         | 2025
         | 
         | Meta makes about $200B on ads, Google makes about $235B on ads.
         | Advertising is roughly 1.5% of the total GDP of the US and
         | hasn't changed in 20+ years. So what you have is a big ass pie
         | with a few players fighting for it that barely grows every
         | year.
         | 
         | OpenAI has to somehow:
         | 
         | 1. Compete directly with Google Gemini and Meta's Llama for a
         | piece of users pie with a product that has very little
         | differentiator (functionality and technically speaking).
         | 
         | 2. Have to prove to advertisers that their single dollar ad
         | purchase on OpenAI is categorically worth more than any other
         | channel.
         | 
         | 3. Have enough forward capital to continue purchasing capital-
         | intense hardware purchases.
         | 
         | 4. Having enough capital to weather any potential economic
         | headwinds.
         | 
         | I know where my bet is.
        
           | roflyear wrote:
           | They have to compete against entities who really know what
           | they are doing.
        
           | aurareturn wrote:
           | OpenAI has branding power, a clear product focused mindset,
           | focused attention, and moves faster than Google and Meta.
           | Nearly 1 billion users in 3 years is no joke.
           | 
           | We're on Hacker News. Y Combinator literally teaches their
           | companies that they can beat incumbents using focus and
           | speed.
           | 
           | My bet is on OpenAI. When they IPO, I can easily see them
           | with $1 trillion in valuation and raise the a record amount
           | of money in an IPO.
           | 
           | If Meta and Google don't see OpenAI and LLMs as an
           | existential threat, they wouldn't invest so much. I think AI
           | has that potential to completely disrupt Google and Meta
           | because it fundamentally changes the way people behave. It's
           | a paradigm shift. It isn't just playing the same game.
        
             | ml-anon wrote:
             | You're betting on OpenAI a company that has literally never
             | sold an online ad against the two kings of online
             | advertising...cool.
        
               | celestialcheese wrote:
               | It took tiktok just 5 years to go from ~no revenue to
               | ~$12b annual in the US.
               | 
               | ChatGPT has roughly the same MAU as tiktok. I don't see
               | why their ad business wouldn't meet or exceed what tiktok
               | was able to do in less than 5 years.
        
               | mbesto wrote:
               | 12B and 200B is a HUGE difference...especially in a 5
               | year time span.
        
               | Barrin92 wrote:
               | Because TikTok is free, had no competitors and network
               | effects given that it is a social media platform. ChatGPT
               | already depends on subscription income, has to compete
               | with companies that can offer the same service for free
               | and has no network effects because you're literally
               | talking to a commodified bot
        
               | xeromal wrote:
               | I agree with the gist of your statement but the same
               | could've been said for a number of new companies against
               | entrenched players. Heck, I'm pretty sure google was that
               | company against the existing search.
               | 
               | You'll probably argue that this time it's different but
               | no one knows what's different until it's already changed.
        
             | apsurd wrote:
             | As devil's advocate, the innovator's dilemma is said to be
             | the cause of incumbent disruption. But in the case of AI,
             | we're seeing incumbents over-correct into rapid AI
             | adoption. It is a mess, but I wouldn't then use history to
             | predict who the winners will be.
        
             | mbesto wrote:
             | > OpenAI has branding power
             | 
             | With consumers right now? Sure, but so does WhatsApp and
             | IG, both Meta properties. Meta and Google also WAY better
             | brand power with advertisers. So there's that.
             | 
             | > I can easily see them with $1 trillion in valuation and
             | raise the a record amount of money in an IPO.
             | 
             | They have agreements of roughly in $1.5T infra spend (and
             | that doesn't include their own S&M and R&D spend) for the
             | next 5 years. They have to have a combined amount of
             | cashflow to cover that $1.5T (mix of income, debt
             | financing, and stock financing) + all their other spending.
             | The CFO admitted that they may need to bail out data
             | centers to cover this to stay solvent in the long run.
             | 
             | > Y Combinator literally teaches their companies that they
             | can beat incumbents using focus and speed.
             | 
             | YC is literally not God when it comes to advice, so this
             | point is moot. Meta and Google didn't come out of YC and
             | yet still beat incumbents.
        
           | naveen99 wrote:
           | What about money spent on software developers, other
           | knowledge work... AI could take 10-20% of spending on
           | humans... that would be a few trillion per year.
        
         | mkup wrote:
         | I can reset my advertisement profile by creating a new account
         | on ChatGPT, for Meta platforms (Facebook, Instagram and
         | WhatsApp) this is not the case.
        
         | ugh123 wrote:
         | > None of them except me has Gemini or Claude app.
         | 
         | Do they use Google docs/sheets? Or even Google Search anywhere?
         | Then they have Gemini integrated in some way
        
         | JohnMakin wrote:
         | people hate ai content. if you dont believe me go into the
         | comment sections of basically any IG reel these days. Plus,
         | nothing locks these videos/reels into a single platform. I've
         | seen so many sora videos on IG and I've yet to (and dont want
         | to) use sora.
        
           | sigmar wrote:
           | People hit like and then comment "ai"... I think they love
           | being mad at ai or aren't mad enough to stop hitting like.
           | (Just today I saw a viral video on IG of a monkey on the side
           | of a mountain path jumping onto a man's umbrella and getting
           | taken away by the wind)
        
       | ZiiS wrote:
       | Raising $207B is plausible vs the dozens of Nuclear Power plants
       | they also need.
        
         | Lalabadie wrote:
         | Yeah, that's the "so it can continue to lose money" part.
        
         | yehat wrote:
         | No, they can use the ideas from The Matrix for power delivery.
        
           | ZiiS wrote:
           | Whilst the rest of that documentary is spot on; the human
           | battery ideas were overly optimistic.
        
       | ripped_britches wrote:
       | I heard this about Amazon for 20 years
        
         | nasmorn wrote:
         | Amazon raised like 10million. People complained about lack of
         | dividends but that was at least money earned
        
         | zerosizedweasle wrote:
         | Amazon wasn't committing to larger spending in one year than
         | the US defense budget.
        
           | silveraxe93 wrote:
           | 2025 US defense budget is $849.8 billion[1].
           | 
           | Had a look and:
           | 
           | >In total, OpenAI aims to invest approximately $1.4 trillion
           | in computing infrastructure - encompassing Google Cloud,
           | Nvidia chips, and data center expansions.
           | 
           | Huh yeah fair. That's more than the yearly defense budget.
           | Absurd. Though I'm sure it's not _yearly_
           | 
           | - [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_budget_of_the_Un
           | ited_...
        
             | phatfish wrote:
             | The sovereign wealth funds and billionaires need
             | _something_ to do with all their available cash. It 's no
             | fun just watching the number increase anymore, that got
             | boring quite a while ago.
        
               | coffeebeqn wrote:
               | That is such an insane bet though! How many trillions can
               | they have itching in their pockets
        
         | bpt3 wrote:
         | To add to the valid counterpoints in the existing replies,
         | Amazon was cash flow positive for most of those 20 years, so
         | they were investing their own money back into things that could
         | generate even more revenue (and profit!) for the company.
         | 
         | OpenAI is still losing money much faster than it can make it
         | and is planning to accelerate those losses indefinitely.
         | 
         | I think the most likely outcome is that it turns into something
         | like Uber, where they continue to lose money waiting for a
         | major technological leap (truly unassisted and reliable AI in
         | this case, fully self-driving cars in the case of Uber) and
         | then pivot a bit to a largely unnecessary and poorly executed
         | business model that people reluctantly use for the most part
         | (with some eager advocates) but makes some money.
        
         | Rebuff5007 wrote:
         | Amazon had a product on day 1... particularly one that was
         | unique and made a lot of sense for the moment it was
         | introduced.
        
           | jandrese wrote:
           | Selling books online was certainly profitable, but I'm not
           | sure about unique. Amazon's big success is that they had no
           | particular ties to any existing publisher so they didn't have
           | the corporate headwinds of "this will kill our brick and
           | mortar stores and their distribution systems!".
        
             | leoh wrote:
             | No, it was unique. Being able to browse such an extensive
             | collection of books and order them from your computer was
             | mind-blowing.
        
           | coffeebeqn wrote:
           | OpenAI doesn't have a product? Have we existed in the same
           | reality for the last 3 years? Something something fastest
           | grown user base in the history of tech
        
             | bigfishrunning wrote:
             | Something Something every one of those users (even the
             | paying ones!) loses OpenAI money
        
         | reducesuffering wrote:
         | People still said this about Uber as of last year, few
         | realizing that they're generating $10B in profit a year now
        
           | mrweasel wrote:
           | Uber is also more or less a monopoly in many place. They took
           | over the taxi industry and now drivers make less money than
           | before.
           | 
           | OpenAI has multiple competitors, who all build their LLMs for
           | less money.
        
             | outside1234 wrote:
             | And unlike taxi drivers / companies, these competitors have
             | much deeper pockets.
             | 
             | It is not hard to imagine Google being able to outlast
             | OpenAI for a decade and it is hard to imagine OpenAI being
             | able to survive for more than another couple of years given
             | that.
        
         | mandevil wrote:
         | You misunderstand the Amazon story. Amazon did two pre-IPO
         | funding rounds: <1m angel round and an 8m Series A led by
         | Kleiner Perkins. That's it. In contrast, OAI has raised almost
         | 60 billion in 10 funding rounds, and if you RtFA you can see
         | the estimates are they have to raise hundreds of billions more.
         | 
         | For the IPO itself Amazon sold 3 million shares at $18, for a
         | raise of 54m (from the IPO alone they had enough cash to pay
         | off every investor up to that point). In July 2001, in the
         | heart of the dotcom crash, they raised 100m by selling equity
         | to undisclosed investors, and of course they have been using
         | shares as part of their compensation packages for a very long
         | time, but that's about it for Amazon's entire equity raises.
         | 
         | They did raise 15b in a bond issuance a few weeks ago, their
         | first bonds issued since 2022, with the money going to several
         | things but mostly AI. However, since bond payoffs are very
         | different from selling equity this is a very different play
         | from what OAI is doing. Amazon will never pay more than a fixed
         | amount for that money, capped upside to the bond-holders.
         | 
         | The reason this is different is that Amazon has largely run
         | either a small profit or a small loss, quarter after quarter,
         | because they take their profits and instead of recording it,
         | putting it in a bank, or dividend-ing it to shareholders they
         | put it into building datacenters and warehouses and software
         | and the like. But because of that enormous cash generation they
         | have only rarely tapped outside investors, either in bonds or
         | equity markets. OAI is not generating near enough cash to fund
         | their operations, so they have been selling equity in
         | absolutely enormous quantities- they have already raised more
         | cash pre-IPO than any company in history and outside estimates
         | like this one from HSBC call for them to blow past the amount
         | they've already raised. This is fundamentally very very
         | different.
        
       | aika_london wrote:
       | How to read FT for free
        
         | mikestew wrote:
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=46058125
        
         | almostkindatech wrote:
         | If you sign-up for a free account you can read FT Alphaville,
         | which is the blog-style section of the FT containing articles
         | like this one
        
         | fragmede wrote:
         | I'll tell you for $45/month.
        
       | bill3389 wrote:
       | It is not losing money, the whole industry haven't figured out
       | how to generate revenue yet. it is the starting phase of LLM like
       | we experienced in .com bubble. Is it a bubble at this point? Yes.
       | Can it generate revenue in the future? Yes. Will openAI survive
       | in this bubble? Maybe.
        
         | SalmoShalazar wrote:
         | It is quite literally losing money at an unsustainable rate.
         | They need a path to profitability otherwise this is a massive
         | boondoggle for all of the investors
        
           | Mistletoe wrote:
           | Unfortunately "all of the investors" is in reality the whole
           | world's markets due to the disgusting top heavy nature of the
           | SP500 currently.
           | 
           | I have been talking to AI a lot about what portfolios will
           | survive that crash. :)
        
             | integricho wrote:
             | And what is the conclusion, what will survive?
        
               | christophilus wrote:
               | Berkshire.
        
           | bill3389 wrote:
           | we are still at early age. think it as human, the early age
           | is burning money. when grow older, the ability of making
           | money increases.
           | 
           | Compared with .com bubble. most .com dies, and the one who
           | survived are GOOGLE, AMAZON, Tencent etc.
        
             | LunaSea wrote:
             | Yes but you need money to survive until the later stages
        
         | mcbuilder wrote:
         | Yeah, financial bubble != useless technology. Maybe coding
         | agents do cost $50 per month in the long term, but I might just
         | pay that for entertainment and personal stuff. Like, I don't
         | even try to vibe code my job, but in the evenings having a cool
         | slop generator is good times.
         | 
         | Right now I use a Chinese vibe code plan, really good value.
        
         | Rebuff5007 wrote:
         | You seem to be complicating your thinking here.
         | 
         | They are spending more money than they are bringing in. This
         | means they are losing money.
        
       | tantalor wrote:
       | > as ubiquitous and useful as Microsoft 365
       | 
       | What is this saying? Is this sarcastic?
       | 
       | I don't know anybody with a Microsoft 365 subscription.
       | 
       | I suppose the cloud storage is nice, but you can do much better;
       | Google gives you double that for the same price ($99/yr).
        
         | zerosizedweasle wrote:
         | Businesses, a lot of people have it through work.
        
         | hdjrudni wrote:
         | > I suppose the cloud storage is nice, but you can do much
         | better; Google gives you double that for the same price
         | ($99/yr).
         | 
         | Nuh uh. I get 6TB of OneDrive for $100/yr*. Granted, it's
         | across 6 accounts.
         | 
         | For $100, I get 2TB of Google One.
         | 
         | Edit: OK, so they upped it to $130/yr.
        
         | fragmede wrote:
         | > I don't know anybody with a Microsoft 365 subscription
         | 
         | I don't either, but the lesson to be learned is that you live
         | in a bubble. Microsoft makes many millions of dollars a year
         | off of those subscriptions. Just because the bubble of people
         | you interact with doesn't mean that those people don't exist.
         | 
         | OK no that was a lie. I know one person that has a Microsoft
         | 365 subscription. I hate it when he sends me word or outlook
         | document links or whatever the hell. Just use Google docs,
         | dude.
        
       | ChicagoDave wrote:
       | TechCrunch: Anthropic is projecting positive cash flow by 2028,
       | while OpenAI is expecting sizable losses, with cash burn reaching
       | $14 billion in 2026
        
       | pjmlp wrote:
       | What about the usual capitalism point of view?
       | 
       | If their business isn't sustainable they should go bankrupt, and
       | close shop.
        
         | Joel_Mckay wrote:
         | Except the 7 firms make up >30% of all market growth, and move
         | more capital than entire countries. Yes, they are hemorrhaging
         | cash with every new customer, and burdening taxpayers by eating
         | community electrical and water infrastructure.
         | 
         | In terms of business, it is not sustainable:
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t-8TDOFqkQA
         | 
         | The hype-cycle is nothing new =3
         | 
         | "Memoirs of extraordinary popular delusions and the madness of
         | crowds" (Charles Mackay, 1852)
         | 
         | https://www.gutenberg.org/files/24518/24518-h/24518-h.htm
        
         | rchaud wrote:
         | Capitalism makes more sense if it's thought about purely in
         | terms of _individual_ self interest as supposed to something
         | that leads to an efficient market on aggregate.
         | 
         | The CEOs making big calls across the economy have already
         | negotiated golden parachutes in the event of their failure.
         | 
         | The financiers and lawyers getting a chunk of each bond deal
         | they close have every incentive to raise more than what's
         | actually needed. Investment funds flush with ZIRP dollars have
         | every incentive to plow it back into investments to show that
         | "the money is at work".
        
           | pjmlp wrote:
           | Yeah self interest is how we end with world we have today at
           | the edge of destruction through various mechanisms.
        
         | dgb23 wrote:
         | Boom and bust hype cycles have always been a feature of
         | capitalism, especially for advanced technology. Perhaps the
         | only way to know the limit is to overshoot.
        
           | pjmlp wrote:
           | And then take the whole economy with it when blows up.
        
             | dgb23 wrote:
             | Not just the economy. We usually deal with these busts and
             | crisis collectively through the public sector as well.
             | 
             | There's also a hidden opportunity cost in regards to hype
             | cycles. So much energy, attention and money flows into the
             | hype, while other businesses or entire sectors get
             | overlooked and underappreciated.
        
       | paxys wrote:
       | TL;DR - financial analysts look at current charts and project
       | them foward by 5 years and go "wow the numbers look bad".
       | 
       | Sure OpenAI may well be bleeding money into the 2030s, or may
       | even go bust completely depending on how pessimistic you are, but
       | the analysis completely skips:
       | 
       | - They are building their own data centers, and will be less
       | reliant on renting compute from Microsoft and Amazon over time.
       | 
       | - Once the AI bubble has subsided costs for GPU purchases and
       | rentals will decrease significantly. Plus there will be more
       | advancements and competition in the space (e.g. Google TPUs) and
       | Nvidia will no longer be able to name their own price.
       | 
       | - We will write more efficient software for training and
       | inference.
       | 
       | - Once user growth is tapped out OpenAI will no longer need to
       | have the overly generous free tier that they do today. And if
       | they decide to turn up the advertising faucet these users could
       | bring in a ton more revenue than in the projection. Thinking that
       | every AI company combined will capture only 2% of the total
       | digital advertising market is ridiculous. AI apps are already
       | challenging social media for scrolling time.
       | 
       | Basically, the entire space is evolving so rapidly that it's
       | pointless to make a projection with the assumption that the
       | landscape isn't going to change from here on.
        
         | logsr wrote:
         | I think you are right that the entire analysis is flawed. The
         | Amazon and Microsoft "rental" deals have inflated price tags
         | because of the circular financial arrangements between them and
         | OpenAI, and because those future revenue streams can be used
         | notionally to finance CapEx. All of the Stargate DC build is
         | being done through for-profit SPVs, so the financials are
         | murky, but building the infra gives them collateral for debt,
         | and they are going to lease the compute to the highest bidder,
         | so there is a whole scheme for getting out of the non-profit
         | box, creating a self-perpetuating loop of borrowing to build,
         | using what they build as collateral for more borrowing, raising
         | additional revenue and hedging by leasing compute to 3rd
         | parties, and then using the for-profit SPVs to cross-subsidize
         | OpenAI proper. That plan has enormous risks of its own (can the
         | leadership team of OpenAI effectively build a competitor in the
         | hyperscale compute space?) but whatever happens, it won't just
         | be straight line scaling their current deals with existing
         | hyperscalers.
        
       | raincole wrote:
       | ChatGPT just launched "shopping research."[0]
       | 
       | Hideous idea as it is, I fully expect they break even in 2026.
       | 
       | [0]: https://openai.com/index/chatgpt-shopping-research/
        
         | 542458 wrote:
         | Honestly, this is huge for people like me who tend to over-
         | research and over-think the hell out of product choices. "Find
         | me a top-fill warm-mist humidifier that looks nice, is
         | competitively priced against similar products, and is available
         | from a retailer in $city_name. Now watch for it to go on sale
         | and lmk."
         | 
         | If they can figure out how to get the right kickbacks/referrals
         | without compromising user trust and really nail the search and
         | aggregation of data this could be a real money-maker.
        
           | chneu wrote:
           | Trusting AI with your shopping is very short sighted.
           | 
           | Lol what a terrible idea. Why not just hand every decision
           | you'll ever make to AI?
           | 
           | Nobody needs critical thinking or anything. Just have AI do
           | it so you save $3 and 4 minutes.
        
             | wnolens wrote:
             | Why would I want to spend 1-2h researching humidifiers if I
             | can spend that time in _any_ other way, and still end up
             | with a humidifier that fits my needs first try?
             | 
             | This kind of task is perfect for AI in a way that doesn't
             | take away too much from the human experience. I'll keep my
             | art, but shopping can die off.
        
               | superxpro12 wrote:
               | for the same problems with amazon, youre relying on a
               | computer to tell you what to buy, which is very shortly
               | going to be infested with promoted products and adverts
               | instead of genuine advice. The AI implementers will
               | poison the responses in the name of advertising, of this
               | i have zero doubt in my mind.
        
               | underbluewaters wrote:
               | 10+ years ago you could in fact just pick the best-
               | reviewed product on Amazon at a certain price point and
               | have a great experience! God help you if you tried that
               | today.
        
               | coffeebeqn wrote:
               | Because you end up with a $1 value piece of crap that
               | someone spent considerable time optimizing and faking
               | reviews for LLMs instead of on the product. Basically in
               | the medium term this strategy will get you temu stuff
        
               | lossolo wrote:
               | Well, you can always do the same thing that an LLM would:
               | open SEO spam ranking sites "best humidifiers 2025",
               | filled with referral links to Amazon or other sellers,
               | which basically copy product descriptions and assign
               | rankings that aren't based on any tests or real data.
        
               | james2doyle wrote:
               | How often do you buy the first result on an Amazon
               | search? Because that's delegating your labour, isn't it?
               | Surely the best products are getting to the top, right?
               | Well no, they're being paid to get to the top. An LLM
               | that has in-app shopping is gonna be the same thing
        
               | mbesto wrote:
               | > This kind of task is perfect for AI in a way that
               | doesn't take away too much from the human experience.
               | 
               | Not the current form of AI. I regularly use Project Farm
               | to find the best "insert tool". In an ideal world a robot
               | runs all of these tests in perpetuity covering every
               | physical appliance possible (with every variation, etc.).
               | However, current AI cannot do this. Obviously LLMs can't
               | do this because they don't operate in the physical world.
        
             | raincole wrote:
             | Compared to what, reading Amazon reviews? Google
             | site:reddit.com?
        
             | matkoniecz wrote:
             | > Just have AI do it so you save $3 and 4 minutes.
             | 
             | Maybe I am deeply suboptimal, but typically this kind of
             | decision takes me far more than 4 minutes.
        
             | crims0n wrote:
             | Fundamentally, is it really that different from being
             | persuaded by an advertisement or trusting what the
             | marketing says on the box?
        
           | GuinansEyebrows wrote:
           | > If they can figure out how to get the right
           | kickbacks/referrals without compromising user trust
           | 
           | i'm trying to envision a situation in which the former
           | doesn't cancel out the latter but i'm having a pretty hard
           | time doing that. it seems inevitable that these LLM services
           | will just become another way to deliver advertised content to
           | users.
        
           | squigz wrote:
           | > If they can figure out how to get the right
           | kickbacks/referrals without compromising user trust and
           | really nail the search and aggregation of data this could be
           | a real money-maker.
           | 
           | As another commenter points out, "not compromising user
           | trust" seems at odds with "money-maker" in the long-term.
           | Surely Google and other large tech companies have
           | demonstrated that to you at this point? I don't understand
           | why so many people think OpenAI or any of them will be any
           | different?
        
             | 542458 wrote:
             | I still approximately trust (yes, I know it's imperfect,
             | but so is every other source) NYT's Wirecutter, and they do
             | affiliate links.
        
           | phatfish wrote:
           | For this to be useful they need up to date information, so it
           | just Googles shit and reads Reddit comments. I just don't see
           | how that is likely to be any better than Googling shit and
           | reading Reddit comments yourself.
           | 
           | If they had some direct feed of quality product information
           | it could be interesting. But who would trust that to be
           | impartial?
        
             | smallmancontrov wrote:
             | Project Farm solves the trust problem with methodology +
             | video documentation and the monetization problem with
             | affiliate links for every product tested.
        
             | jgilias wrote:
             | It's better in that I don't have to waste my time reading
             | Google and Reddit myself, but can let a robot do it.
        
               | james2doyle wrote:
               | Do you buy the first item that pops up on Amazon for a
               | search that you've made? Because that's letting the robot
               | do it for you.
               | 
               | If the answer is "no because that's an ad", well, how do
               | you know that the output from ChatGPT isn't all just
               | products that have bought their rank in the results?
        
               | jgilias wrote:
               | You get the sources, you click through to them to see
               | what they are.
               | 
               | EDIT: Like, have you actually tried this? If you ask it
               | to summarise what Reddit is saying with sources, that's
               | pretty much exactly what you get.
        
             | wahnfrieden wrote:
             | I can Google and read but it takes a lot of time
        
           | AlexandrB wrote:
           | > If they can figure out how to get the right
           | kickbacks/referrals without compromising user trust
           | 
           | This is a complete contradiction. Once there's money involved
           | in the recommendation you can no longer trust the
           | recommendation. At a _minimum_ any kind of referral means
           | that there 's strong incentive to get you to buy _something_
           | instead of telling you  "there are no good options that meet
           | your criteria". But the logical next step for this kind of
           | system is companies paying money to tilt the recommendation
           | in their favour. Would OpenAI leave that money on the table?
           | I can't imagine they would.
        
         | leoh wrote:
         | Meh. Google has something better cooking.
         | 
         | https://www.theverge.com/news/819431/google-shopping-ai-gemi...
        
         | tarsinge wrote:
         | Google is already integrating this directly in search
         | https://blog.google/products/shopping/agentic-checkout-holid...
        
           | nightshift1 wrote:
           | I tried it yesterday by comparing the specs of a few low-
           | budget desktops for my father. It worked well and saved me a
           | lot of time and the hassle of comparing multiple tabs on a
           | PC.
           | 
           | I am a bit worried about the feature where it calls the shops
           | for inventory checking. That's the whole point of having a
           | website. Now we are going to have expensive AI that calls
           | other AI answering machines and no value will be added.
           | Meanwhile, it will become even more difficult to talk to a
           | human when necessary.
        
       | adidoit wrote:
       | LLMs have high utility for coding. The PMF is so strong that even
       | with just coding i feel they will see an ARPU expansion beyond
       | conservative assumptions.
       | 
       | There are adjacancies in white collar work like financial
       | analysis that they will go after. All these will capture high
       | ARPU usage.
       | 
       | Consumer is not their only path to revenue but it is probably the
       | easiest to model. The enterprise play to automate and accelerate
       | some white collar workers is a clear target not reflected here.
        
         | zerosizedweasle wrote:
         | They've committed to spend an amount equal to the entire US
         | defense budget just in October.
        
           | skizm wrote:
           | I think you mean the US _WAR_ budget!  /s
        
           | Culonavirus wrote:
           | I swear on the crap I just pulled out of my ass that I'll
           | spend 100 quadrillion dollars. Imaginary ones of course. Now
           | pump my stock.
           | 
           | Seriously though, massive recession is on the horizon, no one
           | is going to be spending squat.
        
         | serendipityAI wrote:
         | but with coding, the users are mercenary and will instantly
         | switch to a model that is better. Less sticky compared to the
         | consumer product
        
         | guizadillas wrote:
         | They can get all the enterprise contracts they want but I don't
         | think it will be enough
        
       | tehjoker wrote:
       | You already can't trust llm output. How will you trust it when
       | its actively steering you based on profit motive?
        
         | ragazzina wrote:
         | Do you trust the result of your Google searches?
        
           | guizadillas wrote:
           | Who does?
        
           | tehjoker wrote:
           | Not really but it would be nice if we could have high quality
           | non manipulative information :/
        
       | mise_en_place wrote:
       | The reason for this is that leverage is extremely expensive and
       | punished in the current macro regime. OpenAI will lose money
       | faster if they scale up. That's because the Fed can capitulate
       | all it wants, but real interest rates and real yields won't move.
       | The market is saying "pay me".
        
       | Aeroi wrote:
       | Google earned $264.59 billion in ad revenue in 2024 alone. OpenAI
       | can figure it out.
        
         | rchaud wrote:
         | And all Google did was develop the world's most popular search
         | engine, email host, web browser, ad network, video streaming
         | site, mobile operating system and cloud office suite and
         | deliver profits for 20 straight years.
        
       | austin-cheney wrote:
       | The top two comments mention that capturing, at minimum, 2% of
       | the digital advertising market seems low. I disagree. I see that
       | as an enormous hill to climb.
       | 
       | The LLMs will create new content, but they aren't creating new
       | business channels in the advertising industry. As an example even
       | once Google achieved search domination they still didn't have
       | this. They had purchase a lot of things to make that happen like
       | Urchin, Adscape, DoubleClick, YouTube, and a lot more.
        
       | anshumankmr wrote:
       | I have two words: 1) government contracts 2) ad dollars
        
         | setnone wrote:
         | The third might be 'AI Device'
        
         | Aldipower wrote:
         | That are 4 words. ;-) Other then that yes, goverment contracts,
         | meaning offloading the costs to the regular people. I think the
         | US goes all in with AI, trying to get world dominant and
         | controlling the market. But I think this is a mistake and the
         | US will get into trouble with this.
        
       | captainkrtek wrote:
       | It's so sad how much money leaders will effortlessly pump into
       | something like this, when we still have existential threats of
       | climate change, incurable diseases, poverty, housing, and so on.
       | 
       | Meanwhile ungodly amounts of money are being used so some boomer
       | can generate a AI video of a baby riding a puppy.
        
       | jillesvangurp wrote:
       | I think they are missing a few very significant revenue sources
       | that likely going to grow beyond just simple enterprise user
       | accounts for Chat GPT.
       | 
       | I'll call out two of them.
       | 
       | Image, video, and other content generation is going to become
       | more important and companies will be spending on that. We've seen
       | some impressive improvements there. IMHO near term a lot of that
       | stuff might start showing up in advertising and news content, the
       | whole media industry is going to be a massive consumer of this
       | stuff. And there's going to be a lot of competition for the
       | really high quality models that can be run at scale. Five years
       | until 2030 is a lot of time for some pretty serious improvements
       | to land.
       | 
       | Another area that the article skips over is agentic tools. Those
       | are showing a lot of promise right now. Agentic coding tools are
       | just the tip of the iceberg here. A lot of these tools are going
       | to be using APIs. So API revenue is a source of revenue. There
       | are applications across the entire IT industry. SAAS, legacy
       | software, productivity tools, etc.
       | 
       | Yes 207B is a lot of money. And there's no guarantee that OpenAI
       | comes out on top "winning" all these markets of course and we can
       | argue about how big these markets will be. But OpenAI does have a
       | good starting position and some street credibility here. It's a
       | big bet on revenue and potential here. But so is betting against
       | all that and dismissing things. And there's a lot of middle
       | ground here.
        
         | olelele wrote:
         | This sounds very similar to the Tesla stock value hype train.
         | It's all a gamble on the promise of tech that isn't quite there
         | yet.
        
           | qwertox wrote:
           | What I don't understand is how Elon will ever compete with
           | Chinese humanoid robot pricing and output. He's known for not
           | caring about privacy, so there's no real difference between
           | buying a Tesla one or a Chinese one. Both will look and
           | listen into your home and transfer as much data as possible
           | to their true owners.
           | 
           | He congratulates Jeff Bezos for New Glenn, and rightly so,
           | but he's absolutely silent about the Chinese robots. One has
           | to admit that they're already ahead of the US. This comes
           | from a German who well recognizes how far behind Germany is
           | in comparison to the US, in regards to any digital
           | technology.
        
             | input_sh wrote:
             | Oh that's easy: as soon as China gets good enough to
             | compete at any market seen as vital, "the west" either
             | makes up some nebulous national security threat to cut them
             | off or imposes high enough import taxes to make the home-
             | made versions cheaper in comparison. The same way "the
             | west" has done it with cars, phones, and social media in
             | recent years.
             | 
             | There is no free market competition between "the west" and
             | China, they're two completely separate markets for a
             | reason. You're only allowed to cross that isle in a limited
             | capacity, as soon as you get big enough to be seen as a
             | legit threat, you're getting cut off. Works both ways,
             | Tesla can sell in China, but they can't beat BYD. Apple can
             | sell iPhones, but only because their market share is not
             | big enough to matter.
        
               | qwezxcrty wrote:
               | I'm not really against your point but I just quickly
               | checked (and it agrees with my personal observation),
               | iPhone have been the very most popular phone brand in
               | China for many years and recently the market share grew
               | beyond 25%. I would not say that's not big enough to
               | matter.
        
               | input_sh wrote:
               | You're confusing recent sales figures with overall market
               | shares. Both Tesla and Apple use this neat little trick
               | to their advantage, not just in China, but also in the EU
               | and I'm sure in other places.
               | 
               | They both sell only like 2-3 models at a time, always
               | heavily preferencing one of them in marketing, and then
               | use that to claim they have the "best selling phone in
               | the market". Which is true, but is not the same as having
               | that percentage of the overall market share as a brand.
               | 
               | Nearly every Tesla sale is a Model Y sale, and nearly
               | every Apple sale is an iPhone 17 sale. This does not
               | apply to other brands such as BYD, Geely, Huawei, Oppo,
               | (Samsung, Volkswagen,) where you can walk into a store
               | and pick between about a dozen models targeting different
               | niches.
               | 
               | On top of that, Apple _just_ started selling iPhone 17,
               | so yes, if you Google it, you find out that they 've
               | "reached 25% of the Chinese market" and not realise that
               | this is what happens every Q4 simply because that's when
               | they start selling new models. That is not the same as
               | having 25% of the _overall_ market share at all. Overall,
               | both Tesla and Apple are around fifth most popular
               | brands.
        
             | quotemstr wrote:
             | > how Elon will ever compete with Chinese humanoid robot
             | pricing and output?
             | 
             | ... with said humanoid robots?
             | 
             | While it's true China's manufacturing sector can outproduce
             | the west's right now, ubiquitous autonomous humanoid robots
             | can level the playing field to a meaningful extent.
        
               | seanmcdirmid wrote:
               | Which is why China is investing a lot of resources into
               | developing those while the west just kind of continues on
               | with muted efforts.
        
             | vel0city wrote:
             | Yeah, considering Teslas upload imagery from their cars to
             | datasets their employees have been known to access (and
             | abuse that access as well) there's practically 0% chance
             | I'd ever let a Tesla camera inside my home. Its bad enough
             | they're recording me when my neighbors drive by and when I
             | walk around, I wouldn't want them in my home on a device
             | that's designed to be able to go through my stuff.
        
         | wiether wrote:
         | > IMHO near term a lot of that stuff might start showing up in
         | advertising and news content, the whole media industry is going
         | to be a massive consumer of this stuff.
         | 
         | One of the candidate for mayor of New York ran a whole AI video
         | ad campaign.
         | 
         | Half of the real estate listings have AI remodeled pictures.
         | 
         | Probably a quarter of the printed ads I see each day are AI
         | generated.
         | 
         | It will only increase, but it's already here.
        
           | wahnfrieden wrote:
           | Real estate agents only use AI because it's cheaper than
           | paying $70 CAD per image for human-made images. There's a cap
           | on how valuable the AI generated images are.
        
             | badc0ffee wrote:
             | The last time I sold a house, a professional photographer
             | took some beautiful photos, gave the realtor like 60-80 and
             | he picked 40 for the listing. He absorbed the cost of that
             | with his commission. No way in hell did he pay $2800-5600
             | (I'm also in Canada) for those photos.
        
               | wahnfrieden wrote:
               | I'm referring to virtual staging, not photography
        
         | KaiserPro wrote:
         | > Image, video, and other content generation is going to become
         | more important and companies will be spending on that. We've
         | seen some impressive improvements there.
         | 
         | They are assuming that people _want_ automated content enough
         | to pay for it.
         | 
         | Like at the moment its great because its essentially free, but
         | paying >200billion?
         | 
         | Are we assuming that we can automate the equivalent of
         | instagram, netflix/disney and whatsapp _and_ make advertising
         | revenue?
         | 
         | I think the unmentioned pivot is into robotics, which seems to
         | have actual tangible value (ie automation of things that are
         | hard to do now)
         | 
         | but still 200billion in r&d
        
           | LogicFailsMe wrote:
           | I would assume that generative AI will be able to make
           | endless hours of personalized reality TV content that will
           | hit a surprisingly large demographic. And then it can use
           | recommendation algorithms to distribute that reality TV AI
           | slop to all the people that might or might not want it in
           | order to turn it profitable. Evidence: all the god-awful
           | foreign reality TV on Netflix currently.
           | 
           | It's a bit harder to replace Disney at this point, but give
           | it 20 years. I'm bullish on AI slop on par with The Apple
           | Dumpling Gang or Herbie Goes to Monte Carlo within a decade
           | or so. Evidence: The rapid evolution of AI generated video in
           | the past few years extrapolated into the future.
        
             | fatbird wrote:
             | I keep thinking about how, 20 years, 3D printers became
             | accessible for tech/price, and there was a lot of talk
             | about how we'd all just print what we need (pretty much
             | like in Stephenson's book _Diamond Age_ ), and you'd get
             | rich selling digital patterns for material goods.
             | 
             | Instead, we got the elevation of the handmade, the
             | verifiably human created, typified by the rise of Etsy. The
             | last 20 years have been a boom time for artists and
             | craftspeople.
             | 
             | I keep seeing AI slop and thinking that all this will do is
             | make verifiably human created content more valuable by
             | comparison, while generative AI content will seem lowbrow
             | and not worth the cost to make it.
        
               | exasperaited wrote:
               | Creative people are on the whole a lot better at keeping
               | AI slop out of art and craft fairs than they have been
               | with the lazier output of 3D printers, CNC, laser
               | engravers and off-the-shelf resin mould art.
               | 
               | It is as if the relatively unspoken feelings about the
               | downsides of technologies as a gateway to art have been
               | rapidly refined to deal with AI (and of course, even the
               | CNC and laser engraver people have common cause).
               | 
               | But I think it is fair to say that if they feel success,
               | there will be a growing pushback against the use of 3D
               | printers, eufyMake resin printing and CNC in a niche
               | where hand tools used to be the norm.
               | 
               | And speaking even as someone who has niche product ideas
               | that will be entirely 3D printed/CNC cut/engraved, I
               | don't really disagree with it. I am mostly not that kind
               | of creative person (putting aside experimental
               | photography techniques) and I see no reason why they
               | shouldn't push back.
               | 
               | The reality is that "craft" fairs are an odd mix of
               | people who spent a lot of time refining their art and
               | selling things that are the work of hours of expressive
               | creativity and effort, and table upon table of glittery
               | resin mould art and vinyl cut stencil output stuck on
               | off-the-shelf products. I think AI might help people
               | refine their feelings about this stuff they once felt
               | bad/incorrect/unkind about excluding.
               | 
               | It's a bit like the way the art photography market is
               | rediscovering things like carbon printing, photosensitive
               | etching and experimental cyanotype, and getting a lot
               | more choosy about inkjet-printed DSLR output.
        
               | LogicFailsMe wrote:
               | Sturgeon's law: 90% of everything is crap. Ergo we
               | shouldn't be surprised if AI can replace 90% of supposed
               | art and media in the long run. Not sure I will
               | particularly notice since I can't stand most media
               | already.
               | 
               | But good luck with that remaining 10% AI...
               | 
               | I think the reason 3D printers can't print anything is
               | because most things are mixed media and 3D printers
               | aren't so great at that yet. There are also issues with
               | topology and the structural quality of 3D printed things
               | compared to things put in a mold. And that's not entirely
               | unlike people (who I once would have thought would know
               | better ) oversimplifying the engineering and scientific
               | challenges of AI for it to be human equivalent or better.
        
           | Hamuko wrote:
           | Yeah, I have a hard time believing that there's a massive
           | demand for AI-generated videos and images. Like, why would
           | the news industry want to generate images and videos with AI?
           | It's not news. The advertising industry maybe, but even then
           | it's probably not your top brands that go full in on it. If
           | you see that all of Apple's adverts are generated with AI,
           | it'll probably lower your brand perception.
           | 
           | We already put more importance on handmade goods vs. factory-
           | made, even if the latter is cheaper and better quality. I
           | have my doubts about humanity collectively embracing content
           | generated from prompts by black boxes.
        
             | hotsauceror wrote:
             | The cost of operating television studios and paying related
             | staff, including on-air talent, is probably significant. I
             | can easily see major news networks turning to AI-generated
             | newsreaders. TikTok is already full of AI voiceovers; seems
             | like a short leap, to me.
        
               | Hamuko wrote:
               | Is the cost of on-air talent so great that you want to
               | replace recognisable faces of your network with a generic
               | voiceover?
               | 
               | Personally, I consider TikTok very different to news
               | networks. TikTok is also primarily vertical video. Are
               | news networks going to do that too?
        
               | hotsauceror wrote:
               | I don't quite follow this point. Master Chief is
               | recognizable. So is Lara Croft. So is Darth Vader's
               | voice. Networks could easily develop virtual
               | personalities with distinctive, bankable, appealing
               | characteristics.
               | 
               | They wouldn't have off-air scandals, require insurance,
               | pensions, teams of wardrobe and makeup artists, security
               | details; They wouldn't need to travel. And that is just
               | the on-air talent. You can replace thousands of tv
               | studios all over the world with a handful of workstations
               | and compute power.
        
               | Hamuko wrote:
               | And why haven't they? Master Chief has been around since
               | 2001, Lara Croft since 1996 and Darth Vader since 1977.
               | The technology has been around for ages, and as far as I
               | know, no networks have opted for virtual anchors.
               | 
               | Just from where you are pulling the data that on-air
               | personalities are too expensive?
        
               | hotsauceror wrote:
               | I don't have a good answer for why they haven't already.
               | I have wondered about the possibility of doing this for
               | 10 years or more.
               | 
               | "The data that on-air personalities are too expensive?"
               | It doesn't seem to me , for the purposes of this
               | conversation, that identification of a cost center
               | required a quantitative analysis. The cost of human
               | talent is non-zero, presumably large enough to merit
               | scrutiny, and unpredictable; that is sufficient, to my
               | way of thinking. So is the cost of the equipment and
               | infrastructure to capture and transmit video image of
               | that human talent, and the humans who maintain and
               | operate that infrastructure.
               | 
               | We've seen several decades of human cost-reduction
               | initiatives, across multiple industries and fields of
               | endeavor, so I'm taking that as evidence that if there is
               | a cost that can be reduced or removed, someone somewhere
               | is looking at doing so. Everything from assembly-line
               | automation, to switching to email over inter-office memos
               | and mailrooms, to the abandonment of fixed-benefit
               | pensions, to self-service kiosks in fast-food
               | restaurants, demonstrates that costs will be cut where
               | they can be cut.
        
               | vel0city wrote:
               | I think there's a good chance people would watch an
               | entirely generated character read the news, so long as
               | they find the presentation reliable according to their
               | world view.
               | 
               | Tucker Carlson or Wolf Blitzer or Lester Holt might as
               | well be cartoon characters to me. There's practically
               | zero chance I'll ever meet them in person, especially
               | more that we'd have any kind of real human connection.
               | What one cares about is if they think the overall source
               | is reliable and what kind of information (or
               | disinformation) their orgs are pushing to the people.
               | Having them be actual meatbags is a liability, they'll
               | pop too much ambien one night and say some pretty
               | terrible things on social media compared to only ever
               | being a highly curated output of the organization. Unless
               | they pull a Tay.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Headroom
        
               | KaiserPro wrote:
               | > TikTok is already full of AI voiceovers
               | 
               | And it makes it look/sound cheap.
               | 
               | I think thats the biggest issue they will face. For
               | example, a company that uses avatars and emojis just
               | looks cheap, because it is cheap to do.
               | 
               | Are you going to pay for cheap looking TV, especially
               | when you know its shit?
               | 
               | But then the more important thing to remember is that
               | news isn't expensive because of the news readers, its
               | expensive because it costs lots to operate a news
               | network. If you news anchors are costing millions, you
               | have a chat show, not a news programme.
        
             | xp84 wrote:
             | > We already put more importance on handmade goods vs.
             | factory-made, even if the latter is cheaper and better
             | quality
             | 
             | I guess if 'importance' means sentimentality, however, the
             | "factory-made things" industry certainly makes the vast
             | majority of the money to be made in manufacturing. Handmade
             | is a niche. I think the argument is that whether people
             | prefer it or not, AI-generated content will have a major
             | place in the marketplace for content because of its natural
             | advantages. In other words, a movie heavily generated with
             | AI won't win any Oscars but there is a world where such
             | things would make a lot of money and some of that money
             | would flow to OpenAI.
        
             | tapoxi wrote:
             | I have a hard time understanding why I would want to waste
             | my time watching something generated by AI when they
             | clearly didn't value the time spent making it.
             | 
             | I have a limited lifespan, I'm not going to use that to
             | consume slop.
        
               | Hamuko wrote:
               | That's generally been my principle too. If it wasn't
               | worth making by a human, why is it worth consuming by
               | one?
        
             | williamdclt wrote:
             | > Yeah, I have a hard time believing that there's a massive
             | demand for AI-generated videos and images. Like, why would
             | the news industry want to generate images and videos with
             | AI? It's not news. The advertising industry maybe, but even
             | then it's probably not your top brands that go full in on
             | it. If you see that all of Apple's adverts are generated
             | with AI, it'll probably lower your brand perception.
             | 
             | (disclaimer: I don't work in ad and don't know more about
             | it than the next person)
             | 
             | Whether the end product (the ad) is AI-generated or not is
             | almost irrelevant. The whole production chain will likely
             | be AIfied: to produce one ad you need to go through many
             | concepts, gather reference images/videos, make prototypes,
             | iterate on all that, and probably a ton of other things
             | that I don't know about... The final ad is 1 image/video,
             | but there's been dozens/hundreds of other images/videos
             | produced in this process. Whether the final ad is AI-
             | generated or not, AI will almost certainly (for better or
             | worse...) have a major place in the production chain.
        
           | giva wrote:
           | Actually, I sense a mounting "AI fatigue". Angry comments
           | under AI contents. Social media accounts that proclaim to be
           | "AI Free". I was thinking today that the killer app for AI
           | could be a filter that automatically exclude all AI content.
        
             | __s wrote:
             | There's a huge vegan market segment but meat industry still
             | plods along
        
               | dingnuts wrote:
               | at least it's possible to be a vegan. imagine trying to
               | be a smartphone vegan. I hope we're not headed there with
               | this abominable technology. I hate using it and don't
               | want to be forced
        
               | gishh wrote:
               | Roughly 2% of the US is vegan. About 5 million people.
               | 
               | This would be why the meat industry "plods along" century
               | after century. For every vegan there are 49 people who
               | eat meat, and probably 35 people who feed their pets
               | meat.
               | 
               | There is actually a huge market for animal meat and it is
               | the vegan industry that plods along.
               | 
               | In fact, what even _is_ the vegan industry? Or do you
               | mean it's basically marketing hype for companies that
               | combine plants in various ways to sell as food?
        
               | __s wrote:
               | Yes. Most people don't care enough to change their
               | behavior. Others think about it & decide it isn't for
               | them
               | 
               | Industry is plant based food, certification orgs, vegan
               | charities, consulting, books (both recipes & lifestyle
               | advocacy), content creation, ...
        
             | exasperaited wrote:
             | It is very obviously there. People are not simply accepting
             | the AI-bro justification that one day they won't notice the
             | difference so it's all fine.
             | 
             | Ordinary people are understandably either exhausted by or
             | angry at AI content, because it is relentless and
             | misleading, and because they know instinctively that the
             | people who want this to succeed also want to destroy
             | employment and concentrate profits in the hands of a few
             | Silicon Valley sociopaths.
        
             | gosub100 wrote:
             | Google are experimenting with different filters that
             | intentionally blur the lines between real and fake video in
             | their shorts. A creator I follow who makes human-in-shot
             | videos suddenly looked fake, like some animation filter was
             | applied. I commented on how bad it looked, and someone said
             | YT are doing it to people's videos as some sort of "trial".
             | The effects were to make the human look more AI generated.
             | The only use for this I can surmise is to make AI content
             | even harder to detect.
        
               | __s wrote:
               | https://www.reddit.com/r/PartneredYoutube/comments/1lno8u
               | b/i... first I heard of this, looks like they're calling
               | it ai upscaling
        
             | 34679 wrote:
             | I agree. Back in the 90's there was plenty of skepticism,
             | along with some mockery, surrounding the internet. But you
             | never saw headlines like "Lawyer caught using the internet"
             | or "Artist busted using the World Wide Web".
             | 
             | With AI, it's different.
        
           | barbazoo wrote:
           | > They are assuming that people _want_ automated content
           | enough to pay for it.
           | 
           | I'm assuming gen ai will supplement so instead of ten artists
           | producing content you'll have three orchestrating and
           | correcting but the output will be indistinguishable from what
           | it was before. Just now the margin is much higher.
           | 
           | I never think of direct to consumer sales in this context.
        
             | gorbot wrote:
             | Anecdotally I've seen lots of anti AI posts on instagram
             | from gen-z accounts, and on YouTube ive seen "ai not used
             | to make this music" in the description.
             | 
             | Also anecdotal, but I do think there's gen z anti-ai
             | sentiment, these kids are joining a world where they will
             | never own a house and have bleak prospects and now even art
             | is something they can't do if AI takes off, so the market
             | might not be there
             | 
             | Seems like older people love AI art, people over 50, which
             | is a sizeable market don't get me wrong, but in 10-15 years
             | idk
        
             | KaiserPro wrote:
             | But whats the USP of that though?
             | 
             | > indistinguishable from what it was before. Just now the
             | margin is much higher.
             | 
             | In both music and TV/film there has been an explosion in
             | productivity. A kid in a bedroom with a mediocre microphone
             | can produce something that sounds 95% as good as something
             | that took a team of ten to do at a big studio. The same
             | with VFX. If you compare "the golden compass" from 2006 to
             | the series in ~2020 the quality of the TV show is much
             | higher, at a higher resolution and has more VFX shots in
             | it.
             | 
             | Both music and TV, the margins have dropped precipitously.
             | 
             | I just cant see how making it easier will bring up margins.
        
             | nitwit005 wrote:
             | The whole VFX market is something like 10 billion USD a
             | year.
             | 
             | Which is a huge amount, but if they only capture a piece of
             | it, it might not amount to much compared to their spending.
        
           | vl wrote:
           | Everything professionally produced you currently see uses a
           | lot of CGI, and you can't even tell.
           | 
           | Essentially what they are doing is cheaper, more accessible
           | CGI. And in the same way at it is now, you are not going to
           | be able to tell it was used in expensive productions and will
           | be able to see it in the cheap productions.
        
             | KaiserPro wrote:
             | As an ex VFX infra guy, I can totally tell.
             | 
             | But to your point, if we take all of TV production _world
             | wide_ I doubt thats going to add up to 100 billion spent on
             | set extension /characters/de-aging/fuckit fix it in post.
             | And thats keeping spend at the same rate. (not to mention
             | the recent peak spend on TV)
             | 
             | For openAI to make money it has to be an order of magnitude
             | cheaper, quicker and quality, _and_ be the lead so that
             | people spend AI bucks with them. Rather than having a VFX
             | company tune an opensource /weights model.
        
         | rzerowan wrote:
         | The main thread through the case laid out has a fundamental
         | flaw "assumes a spherical cow in a vaccuum" . There are
         | cheaper/faster more open competitors out there doing as much as
         | OAI and getting integrated in real product pipelines across the
         | planet.
         | 
         | Its not a Blueray vs HD-DVD situation (winner takes all and
         | competition dies on the vine) or early Google vs Yahoo Search i
         | would posit its more like bitkeeper vs git - and will probably
         | eveolve into a git/hg/bazaar type situation. Costs will only
         | keep dropping and the easiest/cost effective options will get
         | faster uptake in the backend dev world where it matters.If im
         | integrating a LLM and the whole field can kinda do the
         | equivalent capex/opex will push the decision.
        
         | aprilthird2021 wrote:
         | But there's fierce competition since no moat. How will
         | generated images and videos avoid being a stock photo
         | situation?
        
         | techblueberry wrote:
         | I think actually selling media is going to be tough. 1: you
         | have to beat the current price point so people will use it, 2:
         | it can't be too cheap or you can't make money. That mad market
         | price point makes it hard to get right. The more content the
         | fewer eyeballs, meaning the less value, meaning people willing
         | to pay less. If it makes making movies a lot cheaper, then
         | there's a lot less money to be made.
         | 
         | The thing about tech is it has to scale to meet tech
         | valuations, and there's a reason instagram basically gives
         | content creation tools away for free.
        
         | conscion wrote:
         | These are all commodity use-cases though. Google, Meta, and
         | Anthropic already all have competing products of equivalent
         | quality and customer pricing is being driven down aggressively.
        
       | paulddraper wrote:
       | This is why consensus will never produce innovation.
       | 
       | OpenAI has many plausible monetization avenues. (Whether it will
       | execute on them -- a fair question. But acting like they just
       | don't exist is low IQ.)
       | 
       | Take _ONE_ example: online shopping.
       | 
       | Online shopping is $6-7 trillion per year, growing 7% annually.
       | 
       | Suppose ChatGPT captures 10% of that with a 5% fee. (Marketplaces
       | like Amazon and Walmart charge 15%. Ebay is 5%.) That's $200B
       | over five years.
        
       | bofadeez wrote:
       | Meanwhile Google does not have to raise money and they're
       | profitable whether AI works or not.
        
       | fpauser wrote:
       | AI is/will be the mother of all bubbles.
        
       | yk wrote:
       | It's really hard for start ups to compete for VC money: "Hello
       | Mr. VC I'm going to burn your money for buzzword" just no longer
       | works, first openAi has an industrial buzz word generator, second
       | their money burning plan scales much better than my money burning
       | plan.
        
         | smallmancontrov wrote:
         | Yeah but they aren't a diversified portfolio of money burning
         | plans and that's the real secret to responsible investing. I
         | think Warren Buffet said that.
        
       | 0xbadcafebee wrote:
       | I just realized that other industries are way larger than AI.
       | Assuming they capture the entire advertising market, only $390
       | Billion was spent in the US last year. Compare that to health
       | care, where 4.3 Trillion was spent in the US last year, or
       | commercial banking's revenue of 1.5 Trillion, commercial real
       | estate's 1.5 Trillion, gasoline stations' 1.10 Trillion, etc.
       | What's amazing is, despite the fact that AI isn't making much
       | money, is taking on considerable debt, and isn't even assured to
       | be all that useful, _one third of the stock market_ is now just
       | AI crap. The economy is going to collapse because of a small,
       | brand-new industry. This... shouldn 't be possible.
        
         | nprateem wrote:
         | I know right it's like people are buying future value rather
         | than based on current revenues or something.
         | 
         | How long did Apple keep going up following the smartphone
         | revolution?
        
         | Glemkloksdjf wrote:
         | Build a system which can read MRI images, now AI took over the
         | whole MRI Analysis sector.
         | 
         | Let AI diagnose the avg cold, now AI took over the household /
         | local doctor for 90% of cases.
         | 
         | Use AI for support, now AI took over the call-center business.
         | 
         | AI can already code. It might not be perfect, it might not be
         | always good but NO ONE assumed that 2025 some matrix
         | multiplication can mimick another human being so well that you
         | can write with it and it will produce working code at all.
         | 
         | thats the hype, thats the market of ai.
         | 
         | And in parallel we get robotic too. Only possible because of
         | this AI thing. Because robotic with ML is so much better than
         | whatever we had before. Now you can talk to a robot, the robot
         | can move, the robot can plan actions. All of these robots use
         | some type of ML in the background. Segment Anything is possible
         | because of AI.
         | 
         | Thats the reason why this 'AI crap' is so hyped.
        
           | freejazz wrote:
           | I don't understand why people think that AI "being able to
           | code" has any bearing on anything else that humans do
        
             | Glemkloksdjf wrote:
             | Because AI doesn't mean 'AI' it means massive compute,
             | massive amount of data and machine learning.
             | 
             | All of that pushes everything forward: LLMs and any other
             | architecture to LLMs, GenAI for images, sound and video,
             | movement for robotics, image feature detection.
             | 
             | Segment Anything 2 was a breakthrough in image
             | segmentation, for example.
             | 
             | The latest Google Weather model is also a breakthrough.
             | 
             | All progress in robotics is ML driven.
             | 
             | I don't think any investor thinks that OpenAI will achieve
             | AGI with an LLM. Its Data + Compute -> Some Architecture ->
             | AI/ML Model.
             | 
             | if it will become the golden model which will be capable of
             | everything or a thousand expert models or the Model of
             | Expert model, we don't know yet.
        
           | henry2023 wrote:
           | Why is there a shortage of radiologists today if image
           | categorization was solved 15 years ago?
           | 
           | Have you ever talked to AI Support?
           | 
           | It's easy to name a random industry and assume you'll
           | automate it with a few clicks. It's harder to actually do it.
        
         | cma wrote:
         | Stock market isn't the economy. If wages are largely stock comp
         | at high valuation they get clawed back in a crash.
         | Infrastructure spend is massive but at 70-80% margins for
         | nvidia real cost to economy is cut by that much, aside from the
         | datacenter and power build out which is definitely a big
         | portion.
         | 
         | It could unwind cleanly as long as we don't let it infect the
         | banking system too much, which it has started somewhat doing
         | with more debt financed deals instead of equity financed and
         | probably book values making it into bank balance sheets.
         | 
         | Truck driver wages are $180-280 billion annually and seems like
         | something that will get replaced and should justify $1 trillion
         | of the spend or more, economically. I think Tesla for instance
         | only spends single digit billions in R&D most years though, so
         | the spending may not be going to where the most immediate
         | solid/lasting economic impacts will come from. I'm not sure
         | what Waymo's spend is.
        
         | lysecret wrote:
         | Now compare on free cash flow
        
         | zahlman wrote:
         | > This... shouldn't be possible.
         | 
         | 1. Quite a lot of companies are not publicly traded, and
         | therefore are not reflected in the stock market. AI companies
         | have an incentive to be publicly traded because it's all
         | venture-capital stuff.
         | 
         | 2. Technology in general is always going to be over-weight
         | _anyway_ because these are companies that tend towards
         | "growth" (re-investing profits into future expansion, offering
         | to buy back stocks at a higher price as a means of compensating
         | investors, etc.) rather than "value" (compensating investors by
         | paying out an explicit cash dividend on shares). This tends to
         | push their P/E multiples higher.
         | 
         | 3. Publicly traded companies, and thus stocks, generally are
         | valued based on speculation about future cash flows, not
         | according to current holdings.
         | 
         | 4. The companies that you have to add up in order to come to a
         | figure like "one third of the stock market", are doing a lot of
         | things outside of AI. People still play video games, and they
         | still do GPU-accelerated data analysis with conventional
         | techniques. People still want their computer to include an
         | operating system, and still use their social media to talk to
         | accounts that they know are operated by people they know in
         | real life.
         | 
         | 5. The term "AI" is now used as if it exclusively referred to
         | LLMs, but other AI systems have existed for a long time and
         | have been actually accomplishing real things in the economy.
         | 
         | > The economy is going to collapse
         | 
         | There are a great many people out there who have predicted a
         | hundred or so out of the last seven recessions. You don't know
         | this, and there are many reasons to doubt it.
         | 
         | Suppose some anti-AI deity snaps its fingers tomorrow and every
         | LLM simply spontaneously ceases to function. It's not as if
         | we've lost the knowledge of how to do things without LLMs. It's
         | not as if the things we created without LLMs disappear, or
         | anything else. We at worst, at a very conservative, scare-
         | mongering estimate revert to that level; and things were pretty
         | tolerable at that level. And technologies that are _not_ LLMs
         | have also advanced since the release of ChatGPT.
        
         | redox99 wrote:
         | AI market is all the jobs that could be replaced by AI in the
         | future. People paying 20USD/month for ChatGPT is a drop in the
         | bucket.
        
         | Razengan wrote:
         | Yeah this is ridiculous when you consider all the dorps who
         | quail "Fix the existing problems of the world first!!!" when
         | things like space exploration and other scientific endeavors
         | without an immediate benefit are discussed. Where are they now?
        
       | fpauser wrote:
       | Can we just stop putting the "I" behind the "A"? Thanks.
        
       | AndrewKemendo wrote:
       | They aren't going to get new equity funding they are going to go
       | public so they can start issuing bonds.
        
       | luxuryballs wrote:
       | "We're gonna need more fuel for this fire!"
        
       | lvl155 wrote:
       | I don't think LLM leader is going to come out of this AI race on
       | top. OpenAI is like Yahoo! in my view. They were there in the
       | beginning and led by default. Someone somewhere will be the
       | Google of this era. It won't be LLM but the next step. Leaps and
       | bounds better than LLM. I also think we won't use even 1/100th of
       | the energy needs projected right now.
        
         | kilroy123 wrote:
         | I agree. Or someone who combines a lot of tough to build tech
         | right at the perfect time.
        
         | logsr wrote:
         | Google may very well be the Google of this era. They have
         | demonstrated the ability to maintain parity on the engineering
         | side, they have a long running advantage on OpEx with TPU, they
         | have the most data, and the most trusted brand.
         | 
         | AI collapses the value of IP across the board, because AI
         | trends towards being the only IP, which means that the
         | marketplace will be defined by operational efficiency, ability
         | to build and run systems at massive global scale, access to
         | capital, and government connections, so Microsoft, Amazon, and
         | Google probably stay on top.
        
           | lvl155 wrote:
           | They barely caught up after leaking talent for the past 4-5
           | years. I am not drinking the koolaid. A lot of talented
           | people are going back home to China. I am 99% the next Google
           | will come out of Asia.
        
         | jasondigitized wrote:
         | Google will be the Google of this era. They just got a slow
         | start but the flywheel they already have in place is now
         | spinning in their advantage.
        
       | ec109685 wrote:
       | That's 207b / 8b people / 4 years / 365 days or 1.17 cents a
       | person.
       | 
       | If ChatGPT is delivering that, they should have no problem
       | raising money.
        
         | PunchyHamster wrote:
         | That if competition doesn't under-cut you and you convert at
         | least part of the free users in the process.
         | 
         | And with near every level of hardware getting some kind of AI
         | acceleration a lof of the uses might even be local
        
       | mr_00ff00 wrote:
       | I don't know if this is ridiculous, but I'm curious if access to
       | LLMs will one day be priced like the Bloomberg Terminal or
       | something. Where access for one user is like 20,000 dollars.
       | Maybe less than that, but like 5k per person.
       | 
       | Seems crazy by most software standards, but when Bloomberg became
       | a software only program (they stopped selling physical terminals)
       | and people were shocked when they paid almost nothing for excel
       | but then so much for the second tool they needed as traders.
       | 
       | Yet it still is priced so high and people pay.
        
         | ronsor wrote:
         | The difference is that Bloomberg Terminals were always
         | expensive, and so people expected to pay. LLMs are basically
         | free (subsidized) at this point, and people are very sensitive
         | to large price increases.
        
           | mr_00ff00 wrote:
           | Sure and I'm sure there would be a huge shock, but simple
           | economics would dictate that if that's the true equilibrium
           | of price for LLMs to be economical, then it would have to get
           | to the price eventually
        
         | WhyOhWhyQ wrote:
         | I think there could be a few directions. Consumer level LLM
         | usage will become free. Corporate-grade LLM use will cost a lot
         | of money. Maybe the highest grade LLM use will be regulated and
         | only done through government labs.
        
           | techblueberry wrote:
           | What's a high grade LLM though in such a competitive
           | environment? And if China releases more high grade open
           | source models, that pricing model is f8cked.
           | 
           | One interesting thing I heard someone say about LLM's is this
           | could be a people's innovation, basically something so low
           | margin it actually provides more value to "the people" than
           | billionaires.
        
             | WhyOhWhyQ wrote:
             | It just seems hard to imagine that simultaneously running
             | 1,000 instances of claude code will be cheap in the next
             | decade, but maybe running 1,000 instances of claude-like
             | tools is what a corporate LLM subscription will give. And
             | maybe running 1,000,000 or a billion such models is what
             | the government will do once a contract gets awarded.
             | 
             | Just random speculation though.
        
         | moralestapia wrote:
         | There's good quality LLMs you can run for free today, so no.
         | 
         | The trend is going the opposite way, intelligence too cheap to
         | meter according to @sama.
        
         | razingeden wrote:
         | that $18,000-$24,000 bloomberg terminal had a 300bps modem
         | 
         | it took longer to generate a page of content or get a complete
         | answer than a free LLM takes on an i5 CPU.
         | 
         | (ex: llamaGPTJ for linux CLI)
         | 
         | its missing live market data and news but incorporating that
         | with something akin to openrouter would be trivial.
        
         | 383toast wrote:
         | chinese open source models disagree with you
        
         | throw_m239339 wrote:
         | It's my understanding that even the paid version ChatGPT is
         | highly subsidized so yeah, the prices will have to be raised
         | quite substantially to meet profitability.
        
         | nrhrjrjrjtntbt wrote:
         | Simple.
         | 
         | 1. Is it worth 20k to anyone? Well depends on the advantage but
         | maybe yes. People are dropping 200-1000 a month already as
         | ordinary devs.
         | 
         | 2. Is there competition? Yes lots. To get to 20k one model
         | provider needs a real killer edge that no one else can keep up.
         | Or alternatively constraints push prices up (like memory!) but
         | then that is not margin anymore.
        
         | kilroy123 wrote:
         | I think that's exactly what will happen but with robots.
         | 
         | A robot the cooks, cleans, and talks to you.
         | 
         | Many won't afford it so they'll maybe rent one by the day or
         | for X number of hours.
        
       | ayaros wrote:
       | I'm sure they'll have no issues raising the funds. If they run
       | into trouble, they can always ask ChatGPT for advice.
        
       | smileson2 wrote:
       | This should be a easy barrier for OpenAI, cgpt has only been
       | public for 3 or so years and they are already close to mediating
       | most of the global economy and human decision making
       | 
       | AI credits will likely replace current money anyway
        
         | sethops1 wrote:
         | I hope this is sarcasm
        
       | saguntum wrote:
       | For context, this is close to all venture capital spending in the
       | US in 2024 ($215B): https://nvca.org/press_releases/nvca-
       | releases-2025-yearbook-...
        
       | andy_ppp wrote:
       | Chill out everyone, all we will need to do is ask the AGI how to
       | make money on the investment!
       | 
       | 1. Make AGI
       | 
       | 2. ???
       | 
       | 3. Infinite profit!
        
         | venturecruelty wrote:
         | You need to ask it to invent a time machine first so you can go
         | back in time to build the AGI first, naturally.
        
       | venturecruelty wrote:
       | How many $20 per month subscriptions will that take?
        
         | tim333 wrote:
         | 172 million. Or so.
        
           | fragmede wrote:
           | if you make them $200/month subscriptions, that's only 17
           | million subscriptions. Or so.
        
             | tim333 wrote:
             | I was thinking the 172 figure was $20/mo times five years
             | but in reality if OpenAI had a bunch of such users they'd
             | value them at about 20x annual revenue and raise on the
             | stock market so they'd only need like 40 or 50 million
             | subscribers.
        
       | mbrumlow wrote:
       | Please let me invest...
        
       | mvkel wrote:
       | This seems... completely reasonable?
        
       | liamconnell wrote:
       | Unfortunately for OpenAI, they are not positioned to capture
       | value from any of the "big margin" use cases that they highlight
       | as key to their future. I think all of these are pretty
       | unrealistic for them:
       | 
       | - Revenue sharing from drug discovery (called out by OpenAI CFO):
       | Why would a pharma company give away the upside to a commoditized
       | intelligence layer? Why would OpenAI have a more compelling story
       | than Google Deep Mind, which has serious accolades in this space?
       | 
       | - Media generation for ads and other content: For ads, OpenAI is
       | facing off against Google, Meta and Amazon, all of which have
       | existing relationships with advertisers. For the foreseeable
       | future, AI content will be a major discount product compared to
       | humans. OpenAI will not get to charge $1M for an ad like a
       | production company does. So the TAM of ad production (~$50B)
       | shrinks below $1B because AI deflates prices so much.
       | 
       | - Other agent use cases: OpenAI doesnt have a surface to build
       | these on. Google has chrome, Microsoft has office, Apple has
       | OS's. The other use cases like coding will be a low-margin
       | competition between model providers until some of them throw in
       | the towel. The players with the best cash position win - and
       | thats not OAI.
       | 
       | I think the place that they could win is retail (also called out
       | by OAI CFO). They made deals with Etsy and other small retailers.
       | I was fixing my guitar the other day and would have instantly
       | bought the tools it had suggested that I would need. The problem
       | is that they have to win against Amazon here, and there is zero
       | chance of a partnership for obvious reasons.
        
         | ivan_gammel wrote:
         | >Other agent use cases: OpenAI doesnt have a surface to build
         | these on. Google has chrome
         | 
         | ChatGPT app is their Chrome. Large consumer base using chat on
         | daily basis can expand to prosumer and to enterprise. They
         | build an emotional connection to their customers that has the
         | vibe of iPhone.
        
           | liamconnell wrote:
           | Yes but its not relevant to the agent use cases (which are
           | mostly about interacting with external systems). So agents
           | built by Microsoft (Copilot) can natively interact with
           | Office files in Sharepoint, and the Sharepoint product team
           | can build to enable this in special ways. OpenAI has to use
           | the APIs and deal with rate limits, speed issues and other
           | limitations.
        
             | ivan_gammel wrote:
             | Do Oracle, SAP or Walmart invest in their own models or
             | they build integrations? There are lots of companies which
             | don't have other options but to work with 3rd party LLM
             | vendors. OpenAI, Anthropic and Mistral are better
             | positioned for this than others.
        
               | hobofan wrote:
               | A large portion of those customers buy those models from
               | their preexisting cloud vendors: AWS, Azure, GCP.
               | 
               | The customers are also price sensitive and are for many
               | use-cases largely fine with last-generation model
               | performance if that means they are cheaper. With that,
               | there is little moat for the model creators, forcing a
               | race to the bottom for model licensing, and the biggest
               | chunk of the profit being captured by the cloud
               | providers.
        
               | throwway120385 wrote:
               | Oracle, SAP, and Walmart already have teams of people
               | managing the data they have in-house. I find it hard to
               | believe that those people can't pivot to working with an
               | in-house LLM under the right leadership.
        
               | ivan_gammel wrote:
               | Data landlords have no reason to invest in their own
               | models when they can license their content to all vendors
               | and offer integrations with them. Their business models
               | are enhanced by AI, not threatened by it. For Google and
               | Meta it's different: they offer entry points to data and
               | chat apps are direct competitors. So chat apps with good
               | integrations can be as big as largest ERPs, for example.
        
         | vb-8448 wrote:
         | At some point, I'd expect the following pattern to emerge:
         | 
         | - random user: hey chatgpt, I need a new mechanical keyboard,
         | buy me one - openai will get money for mechanical keyboard
         | vendors to be on top of gpt's agent list
         | 
         | the ad business will shift from trying to hack google to hack
         | gpt
        
           | jimkleiber wrote:
           | It's already shifting. I know someone who used to do SEO and
           | is now marketing how to get in llm results.
        
           | javier2 wrote:
           | I am already using claude to help me shopping. It can be so
           | hard to find the actual specifications of a product. Amazon
           | is filled with nonsense information, and its nearly
           | impossible to compare different variants of things like
           | monitors, tvs, cpus and other technical things that clearly
           | are made with certain specifications in mind.
        
             | dboreham wrote:
             | I use it for gift suggestions. So they could easily add
             | affiliate links on the page.
        
           | liamconnell wrote:
           | Yes that's what I meant. But Amazon will fight for its life
           | to stop this. So OpenAI will have to go to other retailers,
           | which don't have the same product catalogue size as Amazon.
           | Best case scenario: Target or Walmart. But there is a reason
           | that OpenAI announced deals with Etsy and Shopify rather than
           | those.
           | 
           | And OpenAI doesn't have as much product insight as the
           | retailers so they have to rely on the retailer to choose
           | which is the "best" mechanical keyboard for this person. And
           | at that point, pretty much all of the shopping value is being
           | provided by the retailer rather than ChatGPT, so why would
           | they get much money?
           | 
           | There's a market for this but its not going to be trivial for
           | OpenAI to win it. And it probably wont be a cashflow monster
           | like AdWords or Amazon.
        
             | rco8786 wrote:
             | > Amazon will fight for its life to stop this.
             | 
             | Why? Amazon advertises heavily on Google search, why
             | wouldn't they do the same with OAI?
        
               | Analemma_ wrote:
               | Because they make a shitload of money by arranging Amazon
               | search results in a certain way, selling favorable
               | placement on those results, and inserting upsells ("Try
               | Amazon Prime!") into the checkout process, all of which
               | are at risk if Chat-GPT becomes a frontend to buying on
               | Amazon. (Note that they are already vigorously going
               | after Perplexity for trying to be an Amazon frontend)
               | 
               | In general, Big Tech will never allow itself to be just
               | the backend to a service where another company controls
               | the frontend and the relationship to the customer. That's
               | how you get commoditized and ultimately replaced.
               | 
               | Examples: you cannot get a streaming box with universal
               | search ("which streaming service has show X? Just hit
               | play and go"): the streaming services staunchly refuse to
               | provide the APIs to do so. Nor is there interoperability
               | across messaging apps to let users supply their own
               | frontend clients. AI and MCP will go much the same way,
               | it will be locked down as soon as it presents a business
               | model threat.
        
               | glpgeFwac wrote:
               | Agree on your overall point, minor note that Apple TV
               | does decent at being a streaming box with universal
               | search. The benefit of buying into a walled garden is
               | that sometimes platform owner and user interests align.
        
               | liamconnell wrote:
               | Good point!
               | 
               | On the other hand, Historically Amazon didnt compete with
               | Google (until GCP). They do compete with Microsoft, which
               | is pretty closely aligned with OAI. They also have large
               | investments in Anthropic.
               | 
               | Even if OpenAI did win here, would it be a profit monster
               | like Google Adwords? Adwords had the auction model which
               | meant that certain categories were hugely lucrative for
               | Google. Can a chatbot do the same? If I know that the
               | product I buy is simply auctioned off to the highest
               | bidder, what's the point of using an agent to help me
               | shop? There has to be a pretext of the agent actually
               | looking out for my best interest, otherwise I would just
               | use search. Nobody expects adwords to look out for their
               | best interest. They are always free to skip the ads
               | section if they choose.
               | 
               | It will be hard for ChatGPT to implement an auction model
               | since it will be different for each product category.
               | Hiring a lawyer will probably have a different
               | interaction from buying groceries. On Google+AdWords, its
               | all just search results and ads.
               | 
               | If there is no auction, then all of this is WAY less
               | profitable than the Google model. So once again - not
               | going to save OAI from negative margins.
        
               | aeturnum wrote:
               | Because amazon doesn't have a web search service but they
               | do have a product recommendation service? Even if they do
               | pay OpenAI they would certainly be competing with their
               | own service and keeping prices down via that. OpenAI
               | needs Amazon (or some other fulfillment company) to
               | deliver products. Amazon does not need OpenAI - they can
               | build their own recommendation engine or work with
               | another.
        
             | luckylion wrote:
             | > But Amazon will fight for its life to stop this
             | 
             | have you seen Amazon's "Rufus"? It's hilariously useless.
        
           | rco8786 wrote:
           | This is it.
           | 
           | Their real moonshot should be search and ads. They're already
           | taking big chunks from Google, they're just not monetizing at
           | all (yet).
           | 
           | I already use chatgpt constantly for product research.
        
             | svara wrote:
             | Yes but this is incredibly competitive and
             | undifferentiated.
             | 
             | It's a huge market but who will it be a profitable business
             | for?
             | 
             | Likely a company or multiple who own some sort of platform
             | that people are already on, so not OpenAI.
             | 
             | What they have right now is the strong ChatGPT brand and
             | that does mean a lot. But how long will it last?
             | 
             | They're not the technology leader anymore, and that spells
             | a lot of trouble.
             | 
             | They are at a stage where they need to dominate the market
             | and then leverage the data that gives them, plus the brand,
             | plus the tech advantage to establish a durable near
             | monopoly, but it looks like it's not working.
             | 
             | It's a bit as if in 1999 3 equally strong Google
             | competitors had popped up, with some pulling ahead.
        
           | Analemma_ wrote:
           | This was Amazon's huge bet on Alexa: that if you made a
           | frictionless way to buy products by saying "computer, buy me
           | [thing]", then people would use it and then you could sell
           | favored placement on it.
           | 
           | It was a total failure. I know lots of people-- both
           | technical and non-technical-- who have Alexa devices, and not
           | one of them has ever bought anything with it. You can read
           | various comments from Amazon insiders confirming that the
           | rate of buying things with Alexa was close to zero. And why
           | not? It's the shittiest possible way to shop, like buying a
           | lottery ticket except where the RNG is knowingly gamed. This
           | is why Amazon is writing off Alexa entirely.
           | 
           | I've commented to this effect before, but "what if people
           | could shop sight unseen" is a PM fantasy, not a thing anybody
           | actually wants. LLMs might be useful for helping with
           | research and comparison shopping, but the "one-click [or one-
           | prompt] buying" workflow is not gonna happen.
        
           | kristo wrote:
           | At that point why would I use ChatGPT if it's just getting
           | paid to show me stuff?
        
           | ____tom____ wrote:
           | and then, to make money, they'd have to stop giving the
           | correct answer, just like search engines
        
           | notatoad wrote:
           | this was supposed to be the business model for alexa. amazon
           | had all the pieces - they had the product listings,
           | marketplace, ordering infrastructure, the smart speaker in
           | your home always listening to you, and they built exactly
           | that product.
           | 
           | it hasn't exactly taken off, and i don't think OpenAI has
           | addressed any of the problems that prevented amazon's version
           | from being a success. and that was _without_ taking
           | advertiser money to choose which product to sell you, amazon
           | was happy to just make a sale. if the product choices the AI
           | shopping assistant makes are driven by advertiser dollars
           | instead of product quality, i really don 't expect consumers
           | to accept it.
        
             | danpalmer wrote:
             | What do you see the problems that prevented Amazon as
             | being?
             | 
             | I don't know much about this, but I'd have thought it was
             | the lack of display or ability to critique the choices
             | Alexa makes. But ChatGPT doesn't have that problem because
             | you can see and "discuss" the buying decisions.
        
           | brazukadev wrote:
           | That would be the optimal scenario for openai but even this
           | one I'm not really expecting to happen anymore. OpenAI
           | failed.
        
         | kristianc wrote:
         | Which is likely why they won't try. Trying to raise that much
         | money from 20 large individual customers would be suicidal. At
         | the scale they're talking about, you need billions of
         | "customers".
         | 
         | Trying to embed themsleves into every enterprise workflow and
         | taking a cut from it seems much more likely than them trying to
         | invent the next killer app. ChatGPT is just the marketing arm
         | which keeps them front of mind.
        
         | jstummbillig wrote:
         | > - Revenue sharing from drug discovery (called out by OpenAI
         | CFO): Why would a pharma company give away the upside to a
         | commoditized intelligence layer? Why would OpenAI have a more
         | compelling story than Google Deep Mind, which has serious
         | accolades in this space?
         | 
         | I am not sure I follow. They "give it away", because they have
         | to. They have to pay any of the model companies. What do
         | DeepMind's accolades matter if it's commoditized, as you
         | propose?
         | 
         | AI resources will remain scarce for the foreseeable future: I
         | have to literally wait multiple Minutes to get an answer for
         | semi-hard coding problems. The current demand is the delta
         | between this, and the few milliseconds that it could take if
         | supply was there. I suspect the tension will grow. Why would
         | there not be multiple companies positioned to capture value?
         | Assuming that any of them can turn demand into profit, that
         | seems to be the most likely story right now.
        
           | mattmanser wrote:
           | His point is AI's already getting commodified. So OpenAI
           | won't get a portion of the profits or revenue sharing, it'll
           | be a simple transaction. They simply pay for compute time.
           | 
           | It's like pretending sulphuric acid manufacturers would get
           | the right to demand a portion of drug company profits.
        
           | jabberwhookie wrote:
           | Big pharma might choose to pay full cost to get reasonable
           | speed. To get to a partnership that looks a lot like tenant
           | farming you would need a model that is actually 100X better
           | at drug discovery than any other model, Why would that be
           | OpenAI instead of deepmind? Not that either is likely worth
           | much premium.
           | 
           | Generally, I think only penny stock pharma cares at all to
           | deal with IP with any kind of baggage instead of having
           | already forgotten it in the backlog.
        
           | liamconnell wrote:
           | The CFO isn't talking about selling tokens to pharma
           | companies. There's no money in that. She proposed revenue
           | sharing. In this scenario, OpenAI's AI service helps discover
           | drug candidates, and shares the IP ownership of the candidate
           | (which is basically a risky bet that it will get through
           | clinical trials and be profitable). Biotech is a complicated
           | market filled with smart people and great negotiators - they
           | dont give away IP ownership without a lot of thought.
           | 
           | If OpenAI wants anything more valuable than selling tokens,
           | they will need to offer something valuable and
           | differentiated. Right now they are not differentiated in the
           | space at all. Look up "OpenAI Biotech" - anything that
           | they've built themselves?
           | 
           | If any company will have a new product that biotech companies
           | will pay top dollar for, its Google. Deepmind has been in
           | biology (proteins) for almost a decade and they it has
           | subsidiaries like Isomorphic Labs that are bringing products
           | to market.
        
             | semi-extrinsic wrote:
             | > OpenAI's AI service helps discover drug candidates
             | 
             | This has never been the difficult/expensive part of drug
             | development.
        
         | 9cb14c1ec0 wrote:
         | > OpenAI doesnt have a surface to build these on
         | 
         | Correct. They certainly could. An OpenAI alternative to g suite
         | and MS Office would be a good start (integrated with the
         | chatgpt mobile and web presence), but would also be a huge
         | engineering effort.
        
         | holden_nelson wrote:
         | > OpenAI is facing off against Google, Meta and Amazon, all of
         | which have existing relationships with advertisers.
         | 
         | I will point out that these companies have existing
         | relationships with advertisers because they have massive,
         | sticky userbases and advanced targeting tools. The average
         | consumer is absolutely using ChatGPT for personal use, and
         | maybe Copilot at work if applicable. And they're using Google's
         | AI by proxy when they perform searches.
         | 
         | If OpenAI were to roll out advertising tooling, I have no doubt
         | advertisers would flock there to try it out.
         | 
         | Additionally, the other thing I think OpenAI leads in is
         | Product. Google is amazing at creating technologies and awful
         | at creating products. I think OpenAI can be positioned to win
         | based off of that alone.
        
       | skeuomorphism wrote:
       | 207 billion to fund sam altmans greatest con on the world. Will
       | it also be treated as "too big to fail", and be bailed out in the
       | future, when it inevitably fails to deliver?
        
       | atleastoptimal wrote:
       | What is inevitably going to happen
       | 
       | 1. AI becomes better, causes more fear, public uproar, arms race
       | between China/US
       | 
       | 2. AI becomes a government project, big labs merge, major push
       | into AI for manipulation, logistics, weapons development/control
       | 
       | 3. ????
       | 
       | 4. Utopia or destruction
        
       | mvdtnz wrote:
       | Why was the original title changed? It had the correct title on
       | HN a couple of hours ago.
        
       | wg0 wrote:
       | It is very simple. Let's forget other domains and talk about
       | software industry alone.
       | 
       | If they capture it fully that would only mean that OpenAI gets a
       | portion of the engineering spend (because it is supposed to save
       | on engineering salaries) which is a portion of the total spend
       | which is almost always less than the total revenue.
       | 
       | Now estimate the total revenue of all software companies combined
       | in the world and look at their engineering spend and a faction of
       | that is what OpenAI can have in best case scenario.
       | 
       | So... Bubble.
        
       | whoamii wrote:
       | So, tree fiddy before inflation
        
       | burnerRhodov2 wrote:
       | I feel like OpenAI could flip on the ad switch and make $20B a
       | quarter like google... so this number isn't too crazy to me?
        
       | scoofy wrote:
       | Oh, I like the part where they're supposed to be a not-for-
       | profit... I guess I'm honestly a bit happy they aren't profiting.
        
       | chasing0entropy wrote:
       | Human thought is more than just general intelligence (AGI), but
       | the ability to conceptualize data beyond linear symbolic
       | representations and to combine the schema / metadata from
       | multiple contextual inputs with memory, to output unique concepts
       | in both alphanumeric and other conceptualized manners.
       | 
       | An LLM, in addition to being unable to ever obtain true AGI
       | because of the linear and singular representation of concepts and
       | data, cannot combine multiple schemas or metadata from multiple
       | contexts with its own training and reinforcement data.
       | 
       | That means it cannot truly remember and correct its mistakes. A
       | mistake is more than the observation and correction, it is
       | applying global changes to both your metadata and schema of the
       | event and surrounding data.
       | 
       | LLMs as an AI solution is a dead end.
        
       | nr378 wrote:
       | I suspect that the asymptotic price of consumer facing LLMs will
       | be 0, much like Search - although just like Search, monetisation
       | potential from ads will be high (perhaps even higher given the
       | ability to truly integrate ads into the result itself using
       | LLMs).
       | 
       | It potentially looks like Google and OpenAI will take this new
       | market.
        
       | 1vuio0pswjnm7 wrote:
       | Original HN title: (80 chars)
       | 
       | "OpenAI needs to raise at least $207bn by 2030 so it can continue
       | to lose money"
       | 
       | Full title: (95 chars)
       | 
       | "OpenAI needs to raise at least $207bn by 2030 so it can continue
       | to lose money, HSBC estimates"
        
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